{"pageNumber":"2378","pageRowStart":"59425","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184606,"records":[{"id":5220754,"text":"5220754 - 2006 - Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) in Yakutia: Distribution, nesting areas, and features of nutrition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:10","indexId":"5220754","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3812,"text":"Zoologicheskii Zhurnal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) in Yakutia: Distribution, nesting areas, and features of nutrition","docAbstract":"In Yakutia, gyrfalcon nests in tundra, forest-tundra, and taiga and may occur in the northeastern and, sometimes, in the northwestern parts, being almost absent or occasional over the large area separating these regions.  The southern boundary of the nesting site is nowhere below 64 degrees N.  In central Yakutia, gyrfalcon was suggested to be met as a visitant or migratory species.  The long-term studies showed that this species occurred there in all the seasons, including winter periods.  This fact became a reason to consider the bird as a migratory and wintering (not always) species, despite its repeated comings to inhabited localities that indicated difficulties in birds during winter periods.  There are about 30 and 6 species of birds and mammals, respectively, in the gyrfalcon diet in Yakutia.  The prevalence of birds is evident (65.4 to 91.3%). In the composition of food species, the share of willow and rock ptamigans is high everywhere, although in the Lower Kolyma tundra, they give way to ducks (19.2 and 30.7%, respectively).  Ptamigans as an diet item seems to be of particular importance for the survival of the species. Gyrfalcons prey birds of medium size, such as ptamigans, ducks, and sandpipers.  Large (geese. caterpillars) and small (small passerines) birds become gyrfalcon's prey less often.  Species of open and semi-open habitats are mostly preferable among mammals.  Drastic changes in the forage reserves of gyrfalcon are one of the most serious causes leading to the changes in its number and participation in the reproductive cycles. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Zoologicheskii Zhurnal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6897_Labutin.pdf","usgsCitation":"Labutin, Y.V., and Ellis, D.H., 2006, Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) in Yakutia: Distribution, nesting areas, and features of nutrition: Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, v. 85, no. 11, p. 1354-1361.","productDescription":"1354-1361","startPage":"1354","endPage":"1361","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a0e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Labutin, Yu. V.","contributorId":65194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labutin","given":"Yu.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, D. H.","contributorId":79830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224731,"text":"5224731 - 2006 - Estimating site occupancy and detection probability parameters for meso- and large mammals in a coastal eosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-27T11:12:02","indexId":"5224731","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating site occupancy and detection probability parameters for meso- and large mammals in a coastal eosystem","docAbstract":"<p><span>Large-scale, multispecies monitoring programs are widely used to assess changes in wildlife populations but they often assume constant detectability when documenting species occurrence. This assumption is rarely met in practice because animal populations vary across time and space. As a result, detectability of a species can be influenced by a number of physical, biological, or anthropogenic factors (e.g., weather, seasonality, topography, biological rhythms, sampling methods). To evaluate some of these influences, we estimated site occupancy rates using species-specific detection probabilities for meso- and large terrestrial mammal species on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA. We used model selection to assess the influence of different sampling methods and major environmental factors on our ability to detect individual species. Remote cameras detected the most species (9), followed by cubby boxes (7) and hair traps (4) over a 13-month period. Estimated site occupancy rates were similar among sampling methods for most species when detection probabilities exceeded 0.15, but we question estimates obtained from methods with detection probabilities between 0.05 and 0.15, and we consider methods with lower probabilities unacceptable for occupancy estimation and inference. Estimated detection probabilities can be used to accommodate variation in sampling methods, which allows for comparison of monitoring programs using different protocols. Vegetation and seasonality produced species-specific differences in detectability and occupancy, but differences were not consistent within or among species, which suggests that our results should be considered in the context of local habitat features and life history traits for the target species. We believe that site occupancy is a useful state variable and suggest that monitoring programs for mammals using occupancy data consider detectability prior to making inferences about species distributions or population change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1625:ESOADP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"O’Connell, A.F., Talancy, N.W., Bailey, L., Sauer, J., Cook, R., and Gilbert, A.T., 2006, Estimating site occupancy and detection probability parameters for meso- and large mammals in a coastal eosystem: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 6, p. 1625-1633, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1625:ESOADP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1625","endPage":"1633","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc872","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Connell, Allan F. 0000-0001-7032-7023 aoconnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7032-7023","contributorId":471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connell","given":"Allan","email":"aoconnell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Talancy, Neil W.","contributorId":88454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talancy","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, Larissa L.","contributorId":93183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Larissa L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sauer, John R. jrsauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John R.","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cook, Robert","contributorId":176416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gilbert, Andrew T.","contributorId":100974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5224705,"text":"5224705 - 2006 - Comment on 'Are survival rates for northern spotted owls biased?'","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:33","indexId":"5224705","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on 'Are survival rates for northern spotted owls biased?'","docAbstract":"Loehle et al. recently estimated survival rates from radio-telemetered northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina (Merriam, 1898)) and suggested that survival rates estimated for this species from capture-recapture studies were negatively biased, which subsequently resulted in the negatively biased estimates of rates of population change (lambda) reported by Anthony et al.  (Wildl. Monogr. No. 163, pp. 1-47 (2006)).  We argue that their survival estimates were inappropriate for comparison with capture-recapture estimates because (i) the manner in which they censored radio-telemetered individuals had the potential to positively bias their survival estimates, (ii) their estimates of survival were not valid for evaluating bias, and (iii) the size and distribution of their radiotelemetry study areas were sufficiently different from capture-recapture study areas to preclude comparisons. In addition, their inferences of negative bias in rates of population change estimated by Anthony et al. were incorrect and reflected a misunderstanding about those estimators.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Reply by Loehle and Irwin see Canadian Journal of Zoology 84(9): 1380?1382 (2006)   6644_Franklin.pdf","usgsCitation":"Franklin, A., Nichols, J., Anthony, R., Burnham, K., White, G.C., Forsman, E., and Anderson, D., 2006, Comment on 'Are survival rates for northern spotted owls biased?': Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 84, no. 9, p. 1375-1379.","productDescription":"1375-1379","startPage":"1375","endPage":"1379","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16802,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://rparticle.web-p.cisti.nrc.ca/rparticle/AbstractTemplateServlet?journal=cjz&volume=84&year=2006&issue=9&msno=z06-129&calyLang=eng","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"84","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae6cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franklin, A.B.","contributorId":105667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anthony, R.G.","contributorId":107641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burnham, K.P.","contributorId":63760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Forsman, E.D.","contributorId":88324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forsman","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":8413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":5224825,"text":"5224825 - 2006 - Harvest potential and habitat are inextricably linked","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:04","indexId":"5224825","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3638,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Harvest potential and habitat are inextricably linked","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6832_Anderson.pdf","usgsCitation":"Anderson, M., Eadie, J., Huang, M., Johnson, R., Koneff, M., Ringelman, J., Runge, M., and Wilson, H., 2006, Harvest potential and habitat are inextricably linked: Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 71, p. 275-289.","productDescription":"275-289","startPage":"275","endPage":"289","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640f0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, M.G.","contributorId":7230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"M.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eadie, J.M.","contributorId":8034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eadie","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huang, M.T.","contributorId":49895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, R.","contributorId":24054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koneff, M.D.","contributorId":37031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koneff","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ringelman, J.K.","contributorId":65418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringelman","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Runge, M.C. 0000-0002-8081-536X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":49312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wilson, H.C.","contributorId":66376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":5224739,"text":"5224739 - 2006 - Population trajectory of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) in eastern Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:09","indexId":"5224739","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population trajectory of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) in eastern Washington","docAbstract":"Anecdotal evidence suggests that burrowing owls have declined in Washington.  The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife is currently conducting a status review for burrowing owls which will help determine whether they should be listed as threatened or endangered in the state.  To provide insights into the current status of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia), we analyzed data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey using two analytical approaches to determine their current population trajectory in eastern Washington.  We used a one-sample t-test to examine whether trend estimates across all BBS routes in Washington differed from zero.  We also used a mixed model analysis to estimate the rate of decline in number of burrowing owls detected between 1968 and 2005.  The slope in number of burrowing owls detected was negative for 12 of the 16 BBS routes in Washington that have detected burrowing owls.  Numbers of breeding burrowing owls detected in eastern Washington declined at a rate of 1.5% annually.  We suggest that all BBS routes that have detected burrowing owls in past years in eastern Washington be surveyed annually and additional surveys conducted to track population trends of burrowing owls at finer spatial scales in eastern Washington.  In the meantime, land management and regulatory agencies should ensure that publicly managed areas with breeding burrowing owls are not degraded and should implement education and outreach programs to promote protection of privately owned areas with breeding owls.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6701_Conway.pdf","usgsCitation":"Conway, C., and Pardieck, K., 2006, Population trajectory of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) in eastern Washington: Northwest Science, v. 80, no. 4, p. 292-297.","productDescription":"292-297","startPage":"292","endPage":"297","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16814,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.ag.arizona.edu/srnr/research/coop/azfwru/cjc/publications/Journal_Articles/Conway_and_Pardieck-2006-NW_Science_80_292-297.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"80","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67ca19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conway, C.J.","contributorId":33417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pardieck, K.L.","contributorId":41929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pardieck","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224708,"text":"5224708 - 2006 - A lifetime of CBC adventures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:04","indexId":"5224708","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A lifetime of CBC adventures","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6653_Robbins.pdf","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 2006, A lifetime of CBC adventures: American Birds, v. 60, no. 106th Christmas Bird, p. 10-13.","productDescription":"10-13","startPage":"10","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16805,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.audubon.org/bird/cbc/pdf/AB_106_01-featureFINAL.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"60","issue":"106th Christmas Bird","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae2fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224805,"text":"5224805 - 2006 - Salt tolerance and osmotic adjustment of Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae) and the invasive M haplotype of Phragmites australis (Poaceae) along a salinity gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-27T11:09:18","indexId":"5224805","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":724,"text":"American Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salt tolerance and osmotic adjustment of Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae) and the invasive M haplotype of Phragmites australis (Poaceae) along a salinity gradient","docAbstract":"<p><span>An invasive variety of </span><i>Phragmites australis</i><span> (Poaceae, common reed), the M haplotype, has been implicated in the spread of this species into North American salt marshes that are normally dominated by the salt marsh grass </span><i>Spartina alterniflora</i><span> (Poaceae, smooth cordgrass). In some European marshes, on the other hand, </span><i>Spartina</i><span> spp. derived from </span><i>S. alterniflora</i><span> have spread into brackish </span><i>P. australis</i><span> marshes. In both cases, the non-native grass is thought to degrade the habitat value of the marsh for wildlife, and it is important to understand the physiological processes that lead to these species replacements. We compared the growth, salt tolerance, and osmotic adjustment of M haplotype </span><i>P. australis</i><span> and </span><i>S. alterniflora</i><span> along a salinity gradient in greenhouse experiments. </span><i>Spartina alterniflora</i><span> produced new biomass up to 0.6 M NaCl, whereas </span><i>P. australis</i><span> did not grow well above 0.2 M NaCl. The greater salt tolerance of </span><i>S. alterniflora</i><span> compared with </span><i>P. australis</i><span> was due to its ability to use Na</span><sup>+</sup><span> for osmotic adjustment in the shoots. On the other hand, at low salinities </span><i>P. australis</i><span> produced more shoots per gram of rhizome tissue than did </span><i>S. alterniflora</i><span>. This study illustrates how ecophysiological differences can shift the competitive advantage from one species to another along a stress gradient. </span><i>Phragmites australis</i><span> is spreading into North American coastal marshes that are experiencing reduced salinities, while </span><i>Spartina</i><span> spp. are spreading into northern European brackish marshes that are experiencing increased salinities as land use patterns change on the two continents.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Botanical Society of America","doi":"10.3732/ajb.93.12.1784","usgsCitation":"Vasquez, E.A., Glenn, E., Guntenspergen, G.R., Brown, J.J., and Nelson, S.G., 2006, Salt tolerance and osmotic adjustment of Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae) and the invasive M haplotype of Phragmites australis (Poaceae) along a salinity gradient: American Journal of Botany, v. 93, no. 12, p. 1784-1790, https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.93.12.1784.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1784","endPage":"1790","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477282,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.93.12.1784","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c8b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vasquez, Edward A.","contributorId":174717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vasquez","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":56542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward P.","affiliations":[{"id":13060,"text":"Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":342731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, J. Jed","contributorId":174718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, Stephen G.","contributorId":174719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5224791,"text":"5224791 - 2006 - Birds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:30","indexId":"5224791","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":950,"text":"Avian and Poultry Biology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Birds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","docAbstract":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are present throughout the global environment and are produced naturally and by activities of humans.  Effects of PAH on birds have been determined by studies employing egg injection, egg immersion, egg shell application, single and multiple oral doses, subcutaneous injection, and chemical analysis of field-collected eggs and tissue.  The four-to six-ring aromatic compounds are the most toxic to embryos, young birds, and adult birds.  For embryos, effects include death, developmental abnormalities, and a variety of cellular and biochemical responses.  For adult and young birds, effects include reduced egg production and hatching, increased clutch or brood abandonment, reduced growth, increased organweights, and a variety of biochemical responses.  Trophic level accumulation is unlikely.  Environmental exposure to PAH in areas of high human population or habitats affected by recent petroleum spills might be sufficient to adversely affect reproduction.  Evidence of long-term effects of elevated concentrations of environmental PAH on bird populations is very limited and the mechanisms of effect are unclear.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Avian and Poultry Biology Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6771_Albers.pdf","usgsCitation":"Albers, P., 2006, Birds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Avian and Poultry Biology Reviews, v. 17, no. 4, p. 125-140.","productDescription":"125-140","startPage":"125","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db612035","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albers, P.H.","contributorId":26646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224666,"text":"5224666 - 2006 - A new species of arboreal toad (Anura : Bufonidae : Chaunus) from Madidi National Park, Bolivia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T16:12:18","indexId":"5224666","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3814,"text":"Zootaxa","onlineIssn":"1175-5334","printIssn":"1175-5326","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new species of arboreal toad (Anura : Bufonidae : Chaunus) from Madidi National Park, Bolivia","docAbstract":"A new arboreal species of the Chaunus veraguensis group is described for the humid montane forest of Madidi National Park, in northern Bolivia.  The new species differs from other species in the group by the combination small size, long and slender extremities, webbed hands, conspicuous tympanic membrane, well developed parotoid glands, absence of large glands on dorsum and extremities, nuptial excrescences of males composed of pungent spines on dorsal surface of thumb, greenish-brown coloration on dorsum with red warts in life, and green iris.  It is only known from two nearby localities in the Serran Eslabon, Department La Paz.  An operational key for species in the C. veraguensis group is provided.","language":"English","publisher":"Magnolia Press","usgsCitation":"Padial, J., Reichle, S., McDiarmid, R., and De la Riva, I., 2006, A new species of arboreal toad (Anura : Bufonidae : Chaunus) from Madidi National Park, Bolivia: Zootaxa, v. 1278, p. 57-68.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"68","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1278","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6aba69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Padial, J.M.","contributorId":37850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Padial","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reichle, S.","contributorId":62717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichle","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDiarmid, R.","contributorId":72748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDiarmid","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"De la Riva, I.","contributorId":53914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De la Riva","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224701,"text":"5224701 - 2006 - Population trends and flight behavior of the American burying beetle, Nicrophorus americanus (Coleoptera: Silphidae), on Block Island, RI","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-15T17:04:17.629692","indexId":"5224701","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2356,"text":"Journal of Insect Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population trends and flight behavior of the American burying beetle, Nicrophorus americanus (Coleoptera: Silphidae), on Block Island, RI","docAbstract":"<p><span>The endangered American burying beetle,&nbsp;</span><i>Nicrophorus americanus</i><span>, was monitored on Block Island, RI, USA, from 1991–2003 using mark-recapture population estimates of adults collected in pitfall traps. Populations increased through time, especially after 1994 when a program was initiated that provided carrion for beetle production. Beetle captures increased with increasing temperature and dew point, and decreased with increasing wind speed. Short distance movement was not related to wind direction, while longer distance flights tended to be downwind. Although many individuals flew considerable distances along transects, most recaptures were in traps near the point of release. These behaviors probably have counterbalancing effects on population estimates.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10841-006-9001-5","usgsCitation":"Raithel, C., Ginsberg, H., and Prospero, M., 2006, Population trends and flight behavior of the American burying beetle, Nicrophorus americanus (Coleoptera: Silphidae), on Block Island, RI: Journal of Insect Conservation, v. 10, no. 4, p. 317-322, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-006-9001-5.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"322","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/pls_facpubs/161","text":"External Repository"},{"id":385657,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Block Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.63085937499999,\n              41.1290213474951\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.488037109375,\n              41.1290213474951\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.488037109375,\n              41.253032440653186\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63085937499999,\n              41.253032440653186\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63085937499999,\n              41.1290213474951\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682e83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raithel, C.J.","contributorId":96795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raithel","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ginsberg, H. S. 0000-0002-4933-2466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":27576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"H. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prospero, M.L.","contributorId":102597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prospero","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224698,"text":"5224698 - 2006 - Evaluation of osprey habitat suitability and interaction with contaminant exposure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5224698","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of osprey habitat suitability and interaction with contaminant exposure","docAbstract":"Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) have been the focus of conservation efforts since their dramatic population decline attributed to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and related chemicals in the 1960s.  Several recent studies of ospreys nesting in the United States have indicated improved reproduction.  However, the density of breeding ospreys varies greatly among locations, with some areas seemingly habitable but not occupied.  Because of concerns about pollution in the highly industrialized portions of the Delaware River and Bay, USA, we evaluated contaminant exposure and productivity in ospreys nesting on the Delaware River and Bay in 2002.  We characterized habitat in the coastal zone of Delaware, USA, and the area around the river in Pennsylvania, USA, using data we collected as well as extant information provided by state and federal sources.  We characterized habitat based on locations of occupied osprey nests in Delaware and Pennsylvania.  We evaluated water clarity, water depth, land use and land cover, nest availability, and contaminants in sediment for use in a nest-occupancy model.  Our results demonstrated that the presence of occupied nests was associated with water depth, water clarity, distance to an occupied osprey nest, and presence of urban land use, whereas a companion study demonstrated that hatching success was associated with the principal components derived from organochlorine-contaminant concentrations in osprey eggs (total polychlorinated biphenyls, p,p'-dichlorodiphenylethylene, chlordane and metabolites, and heptachlor epoxide).  Our study provides guidelines for resource managers and local conservation organizations in management of ospreys and in development of habitat models that are appropriate for other piscivorous and marsh-nesting birds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6630_Toschik.pdf","usgsCitation":"Toschik, P.C., Christman, M.C., Rattner, B., and Ottinger, M.A., 2006, Evaluation of osprey habitat suitability and interaction with contaminant exposure: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 4, p. 977-988.","productDescription":"977-988","startPage":"977","endPage":"988","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16795,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2193%2F0022-541X%282006%2970%5B977%3AEOOHSA%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fac9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toschik, P. C.","contributorId":18879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toschik","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christman, M. C.","contributorId":55122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ottinger, M. A.","contributorId":99078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224695,"text":"5224695 - 2006 - The distribution and conservation status of the Gull-billed Tern (Gelochelidon nilotica) in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:30","indexId":"5224695","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The distribution and conservation status of the Gull-billed Tern (Gelochelidon nilotica) in North America","docAbstract":"The Gull-billed Tern (Gelochelidon nilotica) has until recently received little conservation and management attention within North America despite a relatively low overall population size and significant declines in parts of the breeding range.  This lack of attention may stem in part from the wide distribution of the species, encompassing parts of six continents, and from its tendency to nest in relatively small, scattered and often ephemeral colonies.  Populations of North American subspecies are alarmingly small.  The current population of the eastern subspecies aranea in the U.S. is unlikely to exceed 3,600 pairs, with over 60% of these birds occurring in Texas.  The Texas population has remained generally stable, but declines of populations in Maryland (where probably extirpated), Virginia, North Carolina, Florida, and possibly Georgia give cause for concern for this subspecies.  For the western subspecies vanrossemi, as few as 250 pairs nest at only two locations in the U.S., both in California.  When populations in western Mexico are considered, the entire vanrossemi population numbers only 600-800 pairs.  Currently the Gull-billed Tern is listed as ?endangered? or ?threatened? in four states, and is considered to be of management concern in five others.  The breeding range of the species has contracted and shifted slightly from its known historic range in the middle Atlantic states, but otherwise occupies its historic range in the United States and has expanded slightly to coastal southern California.  Some range contraction in Mexico (e.g., in Sonora) may have occurred.  In eastern Mexico, historical information is almost non-existent and knowledge of current distribution and abundance is incomplete.  Main threats to populations in North America include loss of natural nesting islands through beach erosion or perturbations to estuarine functions, development or modification of upland habitats near breeding areas that may be important for foraging, and disturbances to colonies by humans and feral or human-subsidized predators.  This species often nests on man-made substrates suggesting it could be responsive to management of breeding sites.  Key research needs include more frequent and refined population monitoring, a better understanding of demographics, metapopulation dynamics and factors limiting populations as well as refinement of subspecies? breeding distributions and wintering ranges.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6627_Molina.pdf","usgsCitation":"Molina, K., and Erwin, R., 2006, The distribution and conservation status of the Gull-billed Tern (Gelochelidon nilotica) in North America: Waterbirds, v. 29, no. 3, p. 271-295.","productDescription":"271-295","startPage":"271","endPage":"295","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16792,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1675%2F1524-4695%282006%2929%5B271%3ATDACSO%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db668347","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Molina, K.C.","contributorId":93602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molina","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224702,"text":"5224702 - 2006 - A regional assessment of salt marsh restoration and monitoring in the Gulf of Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:33","indexId":"5224702","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A regional assessment of salt marsh restoration and monitoring in the Gulf of Maine","docAbstract":"We compiled salt marsh monitoring datasets from 36 complete or imminent restoration projects in the Gulf of Maine to assess regional monitoring and restoration practices.  Data were organized by functional indicators and restoration project types (culvert replacement, excavation works, or ditch plugging) then pooled to generate mean values for indicators before restoration, after restoration, and at reference sites.  Monitoring data were checked against the regional standards of a voluntary protocol for the Gulf of Maine.  Data inventories showed that vegetation and salinity indicators were most frequently collected (89 and 78% of sites, respectively), whereas nekton, bird, and hydrologic measures were collected at only about half of the sites.  Reference conditions were monitored at 72% of sites. Indicators were analyzed to see if project sites were degraded relative to reference areas and to detect ecological responses to restoration activities.  Results showed that compared to reference areas, prerestoration sites had smaller tidal ranges, reduced salinity levels, greater cover of brackish plants species, and lower cover of halophyte plants.  Following restoration, physical factors rebounded rapidly with increased flood and salinity levels after about one year, especially for culvert projects.  Biological responses were less definitive and occurred over longer time frames.  Plant communities trended toward recovered halophytes and reduced brackish species at 3+ years following restoration.  Nekton and avian indicators were indistinguishable among reference, impacted, and restored areas.  The protocol was successful in demonstrating restoration response for the region, but results were limited by regional inconsistencies in field practices and relatively few multiyear datasets.  To improve future assessment capabilities, we encourage greater adherence to the standard protocol throughout the Gulf of Maine salt marsh restoration community. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6640_Konisky.pdf","usgsCitation":"Konisky, R., Burdick, D., Dionne, M., and Neckles, H., 2006, A regional assessment of salt marsh restoration and monitoring in the Gulf of Maine: Restoration Ecology, v. 14, no. 4, p. 516-525.","productDescription":"516-525","startPage":"516","endPage":"525","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16799,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118554130/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a84a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konisky, R.A.","contributorId":41117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konisky","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burdick, D.M.","contributorId":57976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dionne, M.","contributorId":37453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dionne","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neckles, H.A.","contributorId":104179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neckles","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224661,"text":"5224661 - 2006 - Connectivity in an agricultural landscape as reflected by interpond movements of a freshwater turtle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:30","indexId":"5224661","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Connectivity in an agricultural landscape as reflected by interpond movements of a freshwater turtle","docAbstract":"Connectivity is a measure of how landscape features facilitate movement and thus is an important factor in species persistence in a fragmented landscape.  The scarcity of empirical studies that directly quantify species movement and determine subsequent effects on population density have, however, limited the utility of connectivity measures in conservation planning.  We undertook a 4-year study to calculate connectivity based on observed movement rates and movement probabilities for five age-sex classes of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) inhabiting a pond complex in an agricultural landscape in northern Virginia (U.S.A.).  We determined which variables influenced connectivity and the relationship between connectivity and subpopulation density.  Interpatch distance and quality of habitat patches influenced connectivity but characteristics of the intervening matrix did not.  Adult female turtles were more influenced by the habitat quality of recipient ponds than other age-sex classes.  The importance of connectivity on spatial population dynamics was most apparent during a drought.  Population density and connectivity were low for one pond in a wet year but dramatically increased as other ponds dried.  Connectivity is an important component of species persistence in a heterogeneous landscape and is strongly dependent on the movement behavior of the species.  Connectivity may reflect active selection or avoidance of particular habitat patches.  The influence of habitat quality on connectivity has often been ignored, but our findings highlight its importance.  Conservation planners seeking to incorporate connectivity measures into reserve design should not ignore behavior in favor of purely structural estimates of connectivity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"doi:  10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00355.x  6579_Bowne.pdf","usgsCitation":"Bowne, D., Bowers, M., and Hines, J., 2006, Connectivity in an agricultural landscape as reflected by interpond movements of a freshwater turtle: Conservation Biology, v. 20, no. 3, p. 780-791.","productDescription":"780-791","startPage":"780","endPage":"791","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16770,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118564161/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":202286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6998af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowne, D.R.","contributorId":59156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowne","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowers, M.A.","contributorId":78056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowers","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224689,"text":"5224689 - 2006 - On identifiability in capture-recapture models - Reply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:10","indexId":"5224689","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On identifiability in capture-recapture models - Reply","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biometrics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"A reply to On Identifiability in Capture?Recapture Models by Hajo Holzmann, Axel Munk, Walter Zucchini.  Biometrics 62(3):934-936.  6621_Link.pdf","usgsCitation":"Link, W., 2006, On identifiability in capture-recapture models - Reply: Biometrics, v. 62, no. 3, p. 936-939.","productDescription":"936-939","startPage":"936","endPage":"939","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16788,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118626642/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"62","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa687","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224654,"text":"5224654 - 2006 - Detrimental impacts of radiotransmitters on juvenile Louisiana Waterthrushes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5224654","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detrimental impacts of radiotransmitters on juvenile Louisiana Waterthrushes","docAbstract":"The Louisiana Waterthrush (waterthrush: Seiurus motacilla) is a forest-dwelling, Nearctic-Neotropical migratory passerine that nests along streams.  We attached radiotransmitters (0.6-0.8 g) to 12 nestling waterthrushes using snug, elastic loops.  At three nests, adult waterthrushes were videotaped removing radio-tagged young from the nest. In addition, we recovered nine radio-backpacks (with two still attached to the carcasses of nestlings) near nests within a few days after attaching transmitters.  Only one of 12 radio-tagged young was relocated more than 24 h after attaching the transmitter.  Thus, the method of transmitter attachment we used was not effective.  Using snug, nonelastic loops (e.g., nylon) for the harness may reduce the loss of transmitters, but may injure the skin as fledglings grow.  Other possible alternatives include (1) gluing the transmitter to skin on the back of nestlings, (2) capturing fledglings in mist nets and attaching transmitters a week or more after fledging by which time contour feathers have grown and the likelihood of a parent removing the transmitter may be reduced, or (3) attempting to monitor fledglings without attaching transmitters.  The success of the latter two alternatives would likely be enhanced by attaching transmitters to adults and then tracking them to locate their still-dependent fledglings.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6570_Mattsson.pdf","usgsCitation":"Mattsson, B., Meyers, J., and Cooper, R., 2006, Detrimental impacts of radiotransmitters on juvenile Louisiana Waterthrushes: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 77, no. 2, p. 173-177.","productDescription":"173-177","startPage":"173","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16765,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118728488/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"77","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66734a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattsson, B.J.","contributorId":82029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattsson","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyers, J.M.","contributorId":54307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, R.J.","contributorId":89077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224682,"text":"5224682 - 2006 - Effects of hardness and alkalinity in culture and test waters on reproduction of Ceriodaphnia dubia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5224682","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of hardness and alkalinity in culture and test waters on reproduction of Ceriodaphnia dubia","docAbstract":"Ceriodaphnia dubia were cultured in four reconstituted water formulations with hardness and alkalinity concentrations ranging from soft to the moderately hard water that is required by whole-effluent toxicity (WET) testing methods for culturing test organisms.  The effects of these culture formulations alone and in combination with two levels of Cl-, SO42, and HCO3- on reproduction of C. dubia were evaluated with the standard three-brood test.  Reproduction was significantly reduced when test waters had lower hardness than culture waters.  However, reproduction was not significantly different when animals cultured in low-hardness waters were exposed to moderately hard waters.  The hardness of the culture water did not significantly affect the sensitivity of C. dubia to the three anions.  Conversely, increased hardness in test waters significantly reduced the toxicities of Cl- and SO42-, with HCO3- toxicity following the same pattern.  Alkalinity exhibited no consistent effect on Cl- and SO42- toxicity.  The physiological stress of placing animals cultured in moderately hard water into softer test waters might contribute to marginal failures of otherwise nontoxic effluents.  The standard WET protocol should be revised to allow the culture of C. dubia under lower hardness conditions to better represent local surface water chemistries.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6615_Lasier.pdf","usgsCitation":"Lasier, P., Winger, P.V., and Hardin, I., 2006, Effects of hardness and alkalinity in culture and test waters on reproduction of Ceriodaphnia dubia: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 25, no. 10, p. 2781-2786.","productDescription":"2781-2786","startPage":"2781","endPage":"2786","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16785,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122675731/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"25","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db6120a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lasier, P. J.","contributorId":79201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lasier","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winger, P. V.","contributorId":43075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winger","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hardin, I.R.","contributorId":14540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardin","given":"I.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224668,"text":"5224668 - 2006 - Forty-seventh supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union <i>Check-list of North American birds</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T13:12:09","indexId":"5224668","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forty-seventh supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union <i>Check-list of North American birds</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>This is the sixth Supplement since publication of the 7th edition of the </span><i>Check-list of North American Birds</i><span> (American Ornithologists' Union [AOU] 1998). It summarizes decisions made by the AOU's Committee on Classification and Nomenclature-North America between 1 January and 31 December 2005.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[926:FSTTAO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Banks, R., Cicero, C., Dunn, J., Kratter, A., Rasmussen, P., Remsen, J., Rising, J., and Stotz, D., 2006, Forty-seventh supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union <i>Check-list of North American birds</i>: The Auk, v. 123, no. 3, p. 926-936, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[926:FSTTAO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"926","endPage":"936","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477283,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[926:fsttao]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":198157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae308","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, R.C.","contributorId":20440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cicero, C.","contributorId":10508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cicero","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunn, J.L.","contributorId":7388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunn","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kratter, A.W.","contributorId":45023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratter","given":"A.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rasmussen, P.C.","contributorId":80777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Remsen, J.V.","contributorId":76430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remsen","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rising, J.D.","contributorId":35415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rising","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stotz, D.F.","contributorId":30710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stotz","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":5224652,"text":"5224652 - 2006 - The role of local populations within a landscape context: Defining and classifying sources and sinks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-27T11:17:36","indexId":"5224652","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":740,"text":"American Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of local populations within a landscape context: Defining and classifying sources and sinks","docAbstract":"The interaction of local populations has been the focus of an increasing number of studies in the past 30 years. The study of source-sink dynamics has especially generated much interest.  Many of the criteria used to distinguish sources and sinks incorporate the process of apparent survival (i.e., the combined probability of true survival and site fidelity) but not emigration.  These criteria implicitly treat emigration as mortality, thus biasing the classification of sources and sinks in a manner that could lead to flawed habitat management.  Some of the same criteria require rather restrictive assumptions about population equilibrium that, when violated, can also generate misleading inference.  Here, we expand on a criterion (denoted ?contribution? or Cr) that incorporates successful emigration in differentiating sources and sinks and that makes no restrictive assumptions about dispersal or equilibrium processes in populations of interest.  The metric Cr is rooted in the theory of matrix population models, yet it also contains clearly specified parameters that have been estimated in previous empirical research.  We suggest that estimates of emigration are important for delineating sources and sinks and, more generally, for evaluating how local populations interact to generate overall system dynamics.  This suggestion has direct implications for issues such as species conservation and habitat management.","language":"English","publisher":"American Naturalist","doi":"10.1086/503531","usgsCitation":"Runge, J., Runge, M., and Nichols, J., 2006, The role of local populations within a landscape context: Defining and classifying sources and sinks: American Naturalist, v. 167, no. 6, p. 925-938, https://doi.org/10.1086/503531.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"925","endPage":"938","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"167","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640e49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runge, J.P.","contributorId":57180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runge, M.C. 0000-0002-8081-536X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":49312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224657,"text":"5224657 - 2006 - Field evaluation of an avian risk assessment model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:12","indexId":"5224657","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field evaluation of an avian risk assessment model","docAbstract":"We conducted two laboratory subacute dietary toxicity tests and one outdoor subacute dietary toxicity test to determine the effectiveness of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's deterministic risk assessment model for evaluating the potential of adverse effects to birds in the field.  We tested technical-grade diazinon and its D Z N- 50W (50% diazinon active ingredient wettable powder) formulation on Canada goose (Branta canadensis) goslings.  Brain acetylcholinesterase activity was measured, and the feathers and skin, feet. and gastrointestinal contents were analyzed for diazinon residues.  The dose-response curves showed that diazinon was significantly more toxic to goslings in the outdoor test than in the laboratory tests.  The deterministic risk assessment method identified the potential for risk to birds in general, but the factors associated with extrapolating from the laboratory to the field, and from the laboratory test species to other species, resulted in the underestimation of risk to the goslings.  The present study indicates that laboratory-based risk quotients should be interpreted with caution.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6574_Vyas.pdf","usgsCitation":"Vyas, N., Spann, J.W., Hulse, C., Borges, S., Bennett, R., Torrez, M., Williams, B., and Leffel, R., 2006, Field evaluation of an avian risk assessment model: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 25, no. 7, p. 1762-1771.","productDescription":"1762-1771","startPage":"1762","endPage":"1771","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16767,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122676444/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"25","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3b1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vyas, N.B. 0000-0003-0191-1319","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-1319","contributorId":65567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vyas","given":"N.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spann, J. W.","contributorId":93435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spann","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hulse, C.S.","contributorId":26035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hulse","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Borges, S.L.","contributorId":101344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borges","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bennett, R.S.","contributorId":16533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Torrez, M.","contributorId":78041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torrez","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Williams, B.I.","contributorId":11302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Leffel, R.","contributorId":101345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leffel","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":5224696,"text":"5224696 - 2006 - Planning for robust reserve networks using uncertainty analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5224696","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Planning for robust reserve networks using uncertainty analysis","docAbstract":"Planning land-use for biodiversity conservation frequently involves computer-assisted reserve selection algorithms.  Typically such algorithms operate on matrices of species presence?absence in sites, or on species-specific distributions of model predicted probabilities of occurrence in grid cells.  There are practically always errors in input data?erroneous species presence?absence data, structural and parametric uncertainty in predictive habitat models, and lack of correspondence between temporal presence and long-run persistence.  Despite these uncertainties, typical reserve selection methods proceed as if there is no uncertainty in the data or models.  Having two conservation options of apparently equal biological value, one would prefer the option whose value is relatively insensitive to errors in planning inputs.  In this work we show how uncertainty analysis for reserve planning can be implemented within a framework of information-gap decision theory, generating reserve designs that are robust to uncertainty.  Consideration of uncertainty involves modifications to the typical objective functions used in reserve selection.  Search for robust-optimal reserve structures can still be implemented via typical reserve selection optimization techniques, including stepwise heuristics, integer-programming and stochastic global search.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6628_Moilanen.pdf","usgsCitation":"Moilanen, A., Runge, M., Elith, J., Tyre, A., Carmel, Y., Fegraus, E., Wintle, B., Burgman, M., and Ben-Haim, Y., 2006, Planning for robust reserve networks using uncertainty analysis: Ecological Modelling, v. 199, no. 1, p. 115-124.","productDescription":"115-124","startPage":"115","endPage":"124","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16793,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VBS-4KNKH0N-1&_user=696292&_handle=V-WA-A-W-AC-MsSAYVW-UUA-U-AAZZUDWYUW-AAZBZCBZUW-ZEABVDAD-AC-U&_fmt=summary&_coverDate=11%2F01%2F2006&_rdoc=12&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235934%232006%23998009998%23634495!&_cdi=5934&view=c&_acct=C000038819&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=696292&md5=fbc57c11ecfbaf549d2cbc115ba6713e","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"199","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db685147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moilanen, A.","contributorId":91214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moilanen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runge, M.C. 0000-0002-8081-536X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":49312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elith, Jane","contributorId":14546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elith","given":"Jane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tyre, A.","contributorId":58741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyre","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carmel, Y.","contributorId":106613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carmel","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fegraus, E.","contributorId":44645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fegraus","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wintle, B.A.","contributorId":72100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wintle","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Burgman, M.","contributorId":13723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgman","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ben-Haim, Y.","contributorId":73315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ben-Haim","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":5224697,"text":"5224697 - 2006 - Nest fate and productivity of American Oystercatchers, Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5224697","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest fate and productivity of American Oystercatchers, Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia","docAbstract":"The American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) is listed as a species of high priority by the U.S. Shorebird Conservation Plan and is state-listed as rare in Georgia; however, biologists have not focused on identifying the causes of egg and hatchling losses.  In 2003 and 2004, continuous video monitoring was used to document reproductive success of American Oystercatchers and identify causes of nest failure at Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia.  The modified Mayfield method and program CONTRAST were used to determine and compare survival of eggs and nestlings.  Eleven pairs made 32 nest attempts during two seasons.  Nine attempts were successful, fledging 15 chicks.  Daily survival of clutches was 0.973 (95% CI = 0.960-0.987) for 2003, 0.985 (95% CI = 0.974-0.995) for 2004, and 0.979 (95% CI = 0.970-0.987) for combined years.  Daily survival was greater on the North End, than on the South End of the island (X21 = 7.211, P = 0.007).  Eighteen of 20 nest failures during the egg stage and one of eight chick losses were documented.  Egg predators included raccoon (Procyon lotor, N = 9), bobcat (Lynx rufus, N = 3), and American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos, N = 1).  A ghost crab (Ocypode quadata) preyed on one chick.  Other causes of nest failure were tidal overwash (N = 1), horse trampling (N = 1), abandonment (N = 2), and human destruction (N = 1).  The North End of the island has one of the highest reproductive rates reported along the Atlantic coast.  Predator control may be an effective means of increasing reproductive success on the South End of the island.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6629_Sabine.pdf","usgsCitation":"Sabine, J.B., Schweitzer, S.H., and Meyers, J., 2006, Nest fate and productivity of American Oystercatchers, Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia: Waterbirds, v. 29, no. 3, p. 308-314.","productDescription":"308-314","startPage":"308","endPage":"314","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16794,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1675%2F1524-4695%282006%2929%5B308%3ANFAPOA%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae792","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sabine, J. B.","contributorId":84047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sabine","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schweitzer, Sara H.","contributorId":106614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweitzer","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyers, J.M.","contributorId":54307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224675,"text":"5224675 - 2006 - Combining Breeding Bird Survey and distance sampling to estimate density of migrant and breeding birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5224675","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combining Breeding Bird Survey and distance sampling to estimate density of migrant and breeding birds","docAbstract":"We combined Breeding Bird Survey point count protocol and distance sampling to survey spring migrant and breeding birds in Vicksburg National Military Park on 33 days between March and June of 2003 and 2004.  For 26 of 106 detected species, we used program DISTANCE to estimate detection probabilities and densities from 660 3-min point counts in which detections were recorded within four distance annuli.  For most species, estimates of detection probability, and thereby density estimates, were improved through incorporation of the proportion of forest cover at point count locations as a covariate.  Our results suggest Breeding Bird Surveys would benefit from the use of distance sampling and a quantitative characterization of habitat at point count locations.  During spring migration, we estimated that the most common migrant species accounted for a population of 5000-9000 birds in Vicksburg National Military Park (636 ha).  Species with average populations of 300 individuals during migration were:  Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea), Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum), White-eyed Vireo (Vireo griseus), Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea), and Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula).  Of 56 species that bred in Vicksburg National Military Park, we estimated that the most common 18 species accounted for 8150 individuals.  The six most abundant breeding species, Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, White-eyed Vireo, Summer Tanager (Piranga rubra), Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus), and Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater), accounted for 5800 individuals. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6599_Somershoe.pdf","usgsCitation":"Somershoe, S., Twedt, D., and Reid, B., 2006, Combining Breeding Bird Survey and distance sampling to estimate density of migrant and breeding birds: Condor, v. 108, no. 3, p. 691-699.","productDescription":"691-699","startPage":"691","endPage":"699","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16782,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1650%2F0010-5422%282006%29108%5B691%3ACBBSAD%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"108","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae6a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Somershoe, S.G.","contributorId":10893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Somershoe","given":"S.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twedt, D.J. 0000-0003-1223-5045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":105009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reid, B.","contributorId":104598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224676,"text":"5224676 - 2006 - Restoration of understory trees on bottomland hardwood sites (Mississippi)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:06","indexId":"5224676","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1462,"text":"Ecological Restoration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Restoration of understory trees on bottomland hardwood sites (Mississippi)","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Restoration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6600_Allen.pdf","usgsCitation":"Allen, J.A., Wessman, J., and Twedt, D., 2006, Restoration of understory trees on bottomland hardwood sites (Mississippi): Ecological Restoration, v. 24, no. 2, p. 111-112.","productDescription":"111-112","startPage":"111","endPage":"112","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16783,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/wisc/ecr/2006/00000024/00000002;jsessionid=14nm7yuc85e0b.victoria","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db627262","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, J. A.","contributorId":82644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wessman, J.","contributorId":76849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wessman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Twedt, D.J. 0000-0003-1223-5045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":105009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224679,"text":"5224679 - 2006 - Monitoring trail conditions: New methodological considerations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-27T11:15:33","indexId":"5224679","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3561,"text":"The George Wright Forum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring trail conditions: New methodological considerations","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. National Park Service (NPS) accommodates nearly 300 million visitors&nbsp;per year, visitation that has the potential to produce negative effects on fragile natural and cultural resources. The policy guidance from the NPS Management Policies recognizes the legitimacy of providing opportunities for public enjoyment of parks while acknowledging the need for managers to “seek ways to avoid, or to minimize to the greatest degree practicable, adverse impacts on park resources and values” (NPS 2001). Thus, relative to visitor use, park managers must evaluate the types and extents of resource impacts associated with recreational activities, and determine to what extent they are unacceptable and constitute impairment. Visitor impact monitoring programs can assist managers in making objective evaluations of impact acceptability and impairment and in selecting effective impact management practices by providing quantitative documentation of the types and extent of recreationrelated impacts on natural resources. Monitoring programs are explicitly authorized in Section 4.1 of the Management Policies: </p><p>Natural systems in the national park system, and the human influences upon them, will be monitored to detect change. The Service will use the results of monitoring and research to understand the detected change and to develop appropriate management actions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The George Wright Society","usgsCitation":"Marion, J.L., Leung, Y., and Nepal, S.K., 2006, Monitoring trail conditions: New methodological considerations: The George Wright Forum, v. 23, no. 2, p. 36-49.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16784,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.georgewright.org/forum_issues"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699042","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marion, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":56322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leung, Yu-Fai","contributorId":95730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leung","given":"Yu-Fai","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nepal, Sanjay K.","contributorId":29096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nepal","given":"Sanjay","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}