{"pageNumber":"238","pageRowStart":"5925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16448,"records":[{"id":70032531,"text":"70032531 - 2008 - Attribution of declining Western U.S. Snowpack to human effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032531","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Attribution of declining Western U.S. Snowpack to human effects","docAbstract":"Observations show snowpack has declined across much of the western United States over the period 1950-99. This reduction has important social and economic implications, as water retained in the snowpack from winter storms forms an important part of the hydrological cycle and water supply in the region. A formal model-based detection and attribution (D-A) study of these reductions is performed. The detection variable is the ratio of 1 April snow water equivalent (SWE) to water-year-to-date precipitation (P), chosen to reduce the effect of P variability on the results. Estimates of natural internal climate variability are obtained from 1600 years of two control simulations performed with fully coupled ocean-atmosphere climate models. Estimates of the SWE/P response to anthropogenic greenhouse gases, ozone, and some aerosols are taken from multiple-member ensembles of perturbation experiments run with two models. The D-A shows the observations and anthropogenically forced models have greater SWE/P reductions than can be explained by natural internal climate variability alone. Model-estimated effects of changes in solar and volcanic forcing likewise do not explain the SWE/P reductions. The mean model estimate is that about half of the SWE/P reductions observed in the west from 1950 to 1999 are the result of climate changes forced by anthropogenic greenhouse gases, ozone, and aerosols. ?? 2008 American Meteorological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/2008JCLI2405.1","issn":"08948","usgsCitation":"Pierce, D., Barnett, T., Hidalgo, H., Das, T., Bonfils, C., Santer, B., Bala, G., Dettinger, M.D., Cayan, D., Mirin, A., Wood, A., and Nozawa, T., 2008, Attribution of declining Western U.S. Snowpack to human effects: Journal of Climate, v. 21, no. 23, p. 6425-6444, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2405.1.","startPage":"6425","endPage":"6444","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476729,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://americanae.aecid.es/americanae/es/registros/registro.do?tipoRegistro=MTD&idBib=3812982","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213944,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2405.1"},{"id":241620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eed7e4b0c8380cd49fd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, D.W.","contributorId":23342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnett, T.P.","contributorId":54763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hidalgo, H.G.","contributorId":81229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hidalgo","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Das, T.","contributorId":99383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bonfils, Celine","contributorId":51542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonfils","given":"Celine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Santer, B.D.","contributorId":95702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santer","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bala, G.","contributorId":86983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bala","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":436659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":436652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mirin, A.","contributorId":104294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirin","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wood, A.W.","contributorId":43542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Nozawa, T.","contributorId":83345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nozawa","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70010025,"text":"70010025 - 2008 - InSAR detects possible thaw settlement in the Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-21T20:58:09","indexId":"70010025","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1175,"text":"Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"InSAR detects possible thaw settlement in the Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"<p>Satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) has proven to be an effective tool for monitoring surface deformation from volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides, and groundwater withdrawal. This paper seeks to expand the list of applications of InSAR data to include monitoring subsidence possibly associated with thaw settlement over the Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain. To test our hypothesis that InSAR data are sufficiently sensitive to detect subsidence associated with thaw settlement, we acquired all Japanese Earth Resources Satellite-1 (JERS-1) L-band data available for the summers of 1996, 1997, and 1998 over two sites on the Alaska North Slope. The least amount of subsidence for both study sites was detected in the interferograms covering the summer of 1996 (2-3 cm), interferograms from 1997 and 1998 revealed that about 3 cm of subsidence occurred at the northern Cache One Lake site, and about 5 cm of subsidence was detected at the southern Kaparuk River site. These preliminary results illustrate the capacity of the L-band (24 cm) wavelength JERS-1 radar data to penetrate the short Arctic vegetation to monitor subsidence possibly associated with thaw settlement of the active layer and (or) other hydrologic changes over relatively large areas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.5589/m08-018","issn":"07038992","usgsCitation":"Rykhus, R.P., and Lu, Z., 2008, InSAR detects possible thaw settlement in the Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 34, no. 1-2, p. 100-112, https://doi.org/10.5589/m08-018.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"112","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39cfe4b0c8380cd61a50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rykhus, Russell P.","contributorId":27337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rykhus","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":357723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70179821,"text":"70179821 - 2008 - Effects of 2003 wildfires on stream chemistry in Glacier National Park, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:27:20","indexId":"70179821","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of 2003 wildfires on stream chemistry in Glacier National Park, Montana","docAbstract":"<p><span>Changes in stream chemistry were studied for 4 years following large wildfires that burned in Glacier National Park during the summer of 2003. Burned and unburned drainages were monitored from December 2003 through August 2007 for streamflow, major constituents, nutrients, and suspended sediment following the fires. Stream-water nitrate concentrations showed the greatest response to fire, increasing up to tenfold above those in the unburned drainage just prior to the first post-fire snowmelt season. Concentrations in winter base flow remained elevated during the entire study period, whereas concentrations during the growing season returned to background levels after two snowmelt seasons. Annual export of total nitrogen from the burned drainage ranged from 1·53 to 3·23 kg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span> yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span> compared with 1·01 to 1·39 kg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span> yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span> from the unburned drainage and exceeded atmospheric inputs for the first two post-fire water years. Fire appeared to have minimal long-term effects on other nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, and major constituents with the exception of sulfate and chloride, which showed increased concentrations for 2 years following the fire. There was little evidence that fire affected suspended-sediment concentrations in the burned drainage. Sediment yields in subalpine streams may be less affected by fire than in lower elevation streams because of the slow release rate of water during spring snowmelt.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7121","usgsCitation":"Mast, M.A., and Clow, D.W., 2008, Effects of 2003 wildfires on stream chemistry in Glacier National Park, Montana: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 26, p. 5013-5023, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7121.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"5013","endPage":"5023","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58808d72e4b01dfadfff155d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70042730,"text":"70042730 - 2008 - Reply to comment by T. N. Narasimhan on “A method to estimate groundwater depletion from confining layers”","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-04T13:43:12","indexId":"70042730","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply to comment by T. N. Narasimhan on “A method to estimate groundwater depletion from confining layers”","docAbstract":"We thank T. N. Narasimhan for his comment on our paper [Konikow and Neuzil, 2007] and for extending the discussion with a historical perspective, additional examples, and some considerations we did not discuss, including implications for water management. We support and agree with the thrust of his comments.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008WR007084","usgsCitation":"Neuzil, C.E., and Konikow, L.F., 2008, Reply to comment by T. N. Narasimhan on “A method to estimate groundwater depletion from confining layers”: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 6, W06421; 1 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007084.","productDescription":"W06421; 1 p.","ipdsId":"IP-005272","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008wr007084","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273589,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b846ebe4b03203c522b214","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuzil, Christopher E. 0000-0003-2022-4055 ceneuzil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":2322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"Christopher","email":"ceneuzil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010014,"text":"70010014 - 2008 - Trends of pesticides and nitrate in ground water of the Central Columbia Plateau, Washington, 1993-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:16","indexId":"70010014","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Trends of pesticides and nitrate in ground water of the Central Columbia Plateau, Washington, 1993-2003","docAbstract":"Pesticide and nitrate data for ground water sampled in the Central Columbia Plateau, Washington, between 1993 and 2003 by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program were evaluated for trends in concentration. A total of 72 wells were sampled in 1993-1995 and again in 2002-2003 in three well networks that targeted row crop and orchard land use settings as well as the regional basalt aquifer. The Regional Kendall trend test indicated that only deethylatrazine (DEA) concentrations showed a significant trend. Deethylatrazine concentrations were found to increase beneath the row crop land use well network, the regional aquifer well network, and for the dataset as a whole. No other pesticides showed a significant trend (nor did nitrate) in the 72-well dataset. Despite the lack of a trend in nitrate concentrations within the National Water-Quality Assessment dataset, previous work has found a statistically significant decrease in nitrate concentrations from 1998-2002 for wells with nitrate concentrations above 10 mg L-1 within the Columbia Basin ground water management area, which is located within the National Water-Quality Assessment study unit boundary. The increasing trend in DEA concentrations was found to negatively correlate with soil hydrologic group using logistic regression and with soil hydrologic group and drainage class using Spearman's correlation. The decreasing trend in high nitrate concentrations was found to positively correlate with the depth to which the well was cased using logistic regression, to positively correlate with nitrate application rates and sand content of the soil, and to negatively correlate with soil hydrologic group using Spearman's correlation. Copyright ?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0491","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Frans, L., 2008, Trends of pesticides and nitrate in ground water of the Central Columbia Plateau, Washington, 1993-2003, <i>in</i> Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. SUPPL. 5, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0491.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204926,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0491"}],"volume":"37","issue":"SUPPL. 5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb81ce4b08c986b32769a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frans, L.","contributorId":81628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frans","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70030582,"text":"70030582 - 2008 - Dry down impacts on apple snail (Pomacea paludosa) demography: Implications for wetland water management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030582","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dry down impacts on apple snail (Pomacea paludosa) demography: Implications for wetland water management","docAbstract":"Florida apple snails (Pomacea paludosa Say) are prey for several wetland-dependent predators, most notably for the endangered Florida snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis Vieillot). Management concerns for kites have been raised regarding the impacts of wetland dry downs on snails, but little data exists to validate these concerns. We simulated drying events in experimental tanks, where we observed that snail survival patterns, regardless of hydrology, were driven by a post-reproductive die off. In contrast to earlier reports of little to no dry down tolerance, we found that 70% of pre-reproductive adult-sized snails survived a 12-week dry down. Smaller size classes of snails exhibited significantly lower survival rates (< 50% after eight weeks dry). Field surveys showed that 77% of egg production occurs in April-June. Our hydrologic analyses of six peninsular Florida wetlands showed that most dry downs overlapped a portion of the peak snail breeding season, and 70% of dry downs were ??? 12 weeks in duration. Dry down timing can affect recruitment by truncating annual egg production and stranding juveniles. Dry down survival rates and seasonal patterns of egg cluster production helped define a range of hydrologic conditions that support robust apple snail populations, and illustrate why multiple characteristics of dry down events should be considered in developing target hydrologic regimes for wetland fauna. ?? 2008, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/07-115.1","issn":"02775","usgsCitation":"Darby, P., Bennetts, R., and Percival, H., 2008, Dry down impacts on apple snail (Pomacea paludosa) demography: Implications for wetland water management: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 1, p. 204-214, https://doi.org/10.1672/07-115.1.","startPage":"204","endPage":"214","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211728,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/07-115.1"},{"id":239073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0402e4b0c8380cd5073b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darby, P.C.","contributorId":101044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darby","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennetts, R.E.","contributorId":103214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennetts","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Percival, H.F.","contributorId":31716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Percival","given":"H.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033138,"text":"70033138 - 2008 - Solute profiles in soils, weathering gradients and exchange equilibrium/disequilibrium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T10:51:29","indexId":"70033138","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2748,"text":"Mineralogical Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solute profiles in soils, weathering gradients and exchange equilibrium/disequilibrium","docAbstract":"<p><span>The spatial and temporal changes in hydrology and pore water elemental and&nbsp;</span><sup>87/86</sup><span>Sr compositions were used to determine contemporary weathering rates in a 65 to 226 ky old soil chronosequence formed from granitic sediments deposited on marine terraces along coastal California. Cl-corrected Na, K and Si increased with depth denoting inputs from the weathering of plagioclase and K-feldspar. Solute<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>87/86</sup><span>Sr exhibited progressive mixing of sea water-dominated precipitation with inputs from less radiogenic plagioclase. Linear approximations to these weathering gradients were used to determine plagioclase weathering rates of between 0.38 and 8.9×10</span><sup>−15</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>moles m</span><sup>−2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. The lack of corresponding weathering gradients for Ca and Sr indicated short-term equilibrium with the clay ion exchange pool which requires periodic resetting by natural perturbations to maintain continuity, in spite of soil composition changes reflecting the effects of long-term weathering.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society","doi":"10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.149","issn":"00264","usgsCitation":"White, A.F., Schulz, M.S., Stonestrom, D.A., Vivit, D., Fitzpatrick, J., and Bullen, T., 2008, Solute profiles in soils, weathering gradients and exchange equilibrium/disequilibrium: Mineralogical Magazine, v. 72, no. 1, p. 149-153, https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.149.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213390,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.149"}],"volume":"72","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9252e4b08c986b319e39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulz, M. S.","contributorId":7299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vivit, D.V.","contributorId":28609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vivit","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, J.","contributorId":28744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bullen, T.","contributorId":102651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033100,"text":"70033100 - 2008 - Eulerian-Lagrangian numerical scheme for simulating advection, dispersion, and transient storage in streams and a comparison of numerical methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:36:03","indexId":"70033100","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2255,"text":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eulerian-Lagrangian numerical scheme for simulating advection, dispersion, and transient storage in streams and a comparison of numerical methods","docAbstract":"<div class=\"NLM_sec NLM_sec_level_1 hlFld-Abstract\"><p>Past applications of one-dimensional advection, dispersion, and transient storage zone models have almost exclusively relied on a central differencing, Eulerian numerical approximation to the nonconservative form of the fundamental equation. However, there are scenarios where this approach generates unacceptable error. A new numerical scheme for this type of modeling is presented here that is based on tracking Lagrangian control volumes across a fixed (Eulerian) grid. Numerical tests are used to provide a direct comparison of the new scheme versus nonconservative Eulerian numerical methods, in terms of both accuracy and mass conservation. Key characteristics of systems for which the Lagrangian scheme performs better than the Eulerian scheme include: nonuniform flow fields, steep gradient plume fronts, and pulse and steady point source loadings in advection-dominated systems. A new analytical derivation is presented that provides insight into the loss of mass conservation in the nonconservative Eulerian scheme. This derivation shows that loss of mass conservation in the vicinity of spatial flow changes is directly proportional to the lateral inflow rate and the change in stream concentration due to the inflow. While the nonconservative Eulerian scheme has clearly worked well for past published applications, it is important for users to be aware of the scheme’s limitations.</p></div><div class=\"NLM_sec NLM_sec_level_1\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2008)134:12(996)","issn":"07339","usgsCitation":"Cox, T., and Runkel, R., 2008, Eulerian-Lagrangian numerical scheme for simulating advection, dispersion, and transient storage in streams and a comparison of numerical methods: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 134, no. 12, p. 996-1005, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2008)134:12(996).","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"996","endPage":"1005","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213388,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2008)134:12"}],"volume":"134","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bcbe4b0c8380cd5289d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, T.J.","contributorId":98121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030644,"text":"70030644 - 2008 - The role of hydrologic regimes on dissolved organic carbon composition in an agricultural watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T11:36:50","indexId":"70030644","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of hydrologic regimes on dissolved organic carbon composition in an agricultural watershed","docAbstract":"Willow Slough, a seasonally irrigated agricultural watershed in the Sacramento River valley, California, was sampled weekly in 2006 in order to investigate seasonal concentrations and compositions of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Average DOC concentrations nearly doubled from winter baseflow (2.75 mg L-1) to summer irrigation (5.14 mg L-1), while a concomitant increase in carbon-normalized vanillyl phenols (0.11 mg 100 mg OC-1 increasing to 0.31 mg 100 mg OC-1, on average) indicates that this additional carbon is likely vascular plant-derived. A strong linear relationship between lignin concentration and total suspended sediments (r2 = 0.79) demonstrates that agricultural management practices that mobilize sediments will likely have a direct and significant impact on DOC composition. The original source of vascular plant-derived DOC to Willow Slough appears to be the same throughout the year as evidenced by similar syringyl to vanillyl and cinnamyl to vanillyl ratios. However, differing diagenetic pathways during winter baseflow as compared to the rest of the year are evident in acid to aldehyde ratios of both vanillyl and syringyl phenols. The chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption coefficient at 350 nm showed a strong correlation with lignin concentration (r2 = 0.83). Other CDOM measurements related to aromaticity and molecular weight also showed correlations with carbon-normalized yields (e.g. specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (r2 = 0.57) and spectral slope (r2 = 0.54)). Our overall findings suggest that irrigated agricultural watersheds like Willow Slough can potentially have a significant impact on mainstem DOC concentration and composition when scaled to the entire watershed of the main tributary. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2008.07.031","issn":"00167","usgsCitation":"Hernes, P., Spencer, R., Dyda, R., Pellerin, B., Bachand, P., and Bergamaschi, B., 2008, The role of hydrologic regimes on dissolved organic carbon composition in an agricultural watershed: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 72, no. 21, p. 5266-5277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.07.031.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"5266","endPage":"5277","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212079,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.07.031"}],"volume":"72","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf77e4b08c986b3247fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hernes, P.J.","contributorId":89651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernes","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spencer, R.G.M.","contributorId":60361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"R.G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dyda, R.Y.","contributorId":59630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyda","given":"R.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pellerin, B.A.","contributorId":81233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bachand, P.A.M.","contributorId":9857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachand","given":"P.A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bergamaschi, B.A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":22401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033098,"text":"70033098 - 2008 - Numerical model for the uptake of groundwater contaminants by phreatophytes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-10T14:55:05","indexId":"70033098","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Numerical model for the uptake of groundwater contaminants by phreatophytes","docAbstract":"Conventional solute transport models do not adequately account for the effects of phreatophytic plant systems on contaminant concentrations in shallow groundwater systems. A numerical model was developed and tested to simulate threedimensional reactive solute transport in a heterogeneous porous medium. Advective-dispersive transport is coupled to biodegradation, sorption, and plantbased attenuation processes including plant uptake and sorption by plant roots. The latter effects are a function of the physical-chemical properties of the individual solutes and plant species. Models for plant uptake were tested and evaluated using the experimental data collected at a field site comprised of hybrid poplar trees. A non-linear equilibrium isotherm model best represented site conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"9th International Conference on Modelling, Monitoring and Management of Water Pollution, Water Pollution 2008","conferenceDate":"June 9-11,2008","conferenceLocation":"Alicante, Spain","language":"English","doi":"10.2495/WP080361","issn":"17433","isbn":"9781845641153","usgsCitation":"Widdowson, M., El-Sayed, A., and Landmeyer, J., 2008, Numerical model for the uptake of groundwater contaminants by phreatophytes, <i>in</i> WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, v. 111, Alicante, Spain, June 9-11,2008, p. 371-379, https://doi.org/10.2495/WP080361.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"379","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476696,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2495/wp080361","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213362,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2495/WP080361"}],"volume":"111","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68f1e4b0c8380cd73a94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Widdowson, M.A.","contributorId":46262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Widdowson","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"El-Sayed, A.","contributorId":93709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"El-Sayed","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landmeyer, J. E.","contributorId":91140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035594,"text":"70035594 - 2008 - Reconstructing late Pliocene to middle Pleistocene Death Valley lakes and river systems as a test of pupfish (Cyprinodontidae) dispersal hypotheses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035594","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Reconstructing late Pliocene to middle Pleistocene Death Valley lakes and river systems as a test of pupfish (Cyprinodontidae) dispersal hypotheses","docAbstract":"During glacial (pluvial) climatic periods, Death Valley is hypothesized to have episodically been the terminus for the Amargosa, Owens, and Mojave Rivers. Geological and biological studies have tended to support this hypothesis and a hydrological link that included the Colorado River, allowing dispersal of pupfish throughout southeastern California and western Nevada. Recent mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) studies show a common pupfish (Cyprinodontidae) ancestry in this region with divergence beginning 3-2 Ma. We present tephrochronologic and paleomagnetic data in the context of testing the paleohydrologic connections with respect to the common collection point of the Amargosa, Owens, and Mojave Rivers in Death during successive time periods: (1) the late Pliocene to early Pleistocene (3-2 Ma), (2) early to middle Pleistocene (1.2-0.5 Ma), and (3) middle to late Pleistocene (<0.70.03 Ma; paleolakes Manly and Mojave). Using the 3.35 Ma Zabriskie Wash tuff and 3.28 Ma Nomlaki Tuff Member of the Tuscan and Tehama Formations, which are prominent marker beds in the region, we conclude that at 3-2 Ma, a narrow lake occupied the ancient Furnace Creek Basin and that Death Valley was not hydrologically connected with the Amargosa or Mojave Rivers. A paucity of data for Panamint Valley does not allow us to evaluate an Owens River connection to Death Valley ca. 3-2 Ma. Studies by others have shown that Death Valley was not hydrologically linked to the Amargosa, Owens, or Mojave Rivers from 1.2 to 0.5 Ma. We found no evidence that Lake Manly flooded back up the Mojave River to pluvial Lake Mojave between 0.18 and 0.12 Ma, although surface water flowed from the Amargosa and Owens Rivers to Death Valley at this time. There is also no evidence for a connection of the Owens, Amargosa, or Mojave Rivers to the Colorado River in the last 3-2 m.y. Therefore, the hypothesis that pupfish dispersed or were isolated in basins throughout southeastern California and western Nevada by such a connection is not supported. Beyond the biologically predicted time frame, however, sparse and disputed data suggest that a fluvial system connected Panamint (Owens River), Death, and Amargosa Valleys, which could account for the dispersal and isolation before 3 Ma. ?? 2008 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2008.2439(01)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Knott, J., Machette, M.N., Klinger, R., Sarna-Wojcicki, A., Liddicoat, J.C., Tinsley, J.C., David, B., and Ebbs, V., 2008, Reconstructing late Pliocene to middle Pleistocene Death Valley lakes and river systems as a test of pupfish (Cyprinodontidae) dispersal hypotheses, <i>in</i> Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 439, p. 1-26, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(01).","startPage":"1","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216128,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(01)"},{"id":243975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"439","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a250e4b0e8fec6cdb56f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knott, J.R.","contributorId":26847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knott","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Machette, M. N.","contributorId":19561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machette","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klinger, R.E.","contributorId":13807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klinger","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M. 0000-0002-0244-9149","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":104022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liddicoat, J. C.","contributorId":76781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liddicoat","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tinsley, J. C. III","contributorId":39777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinsley","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"David, B.T.","contributorId":54428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"David","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ebbs, V.M.","contributorId":15859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebbs","given":"V.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70035244,"text":"70035244 - 2008 - Multistage late Cenozoic evolution of the Amargosa River drainage, southwestern Nevada and eastern California Society of America. All rights reserved","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035244","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Multistage late Cenozoic evolution of the Amargosa River drainage, southwestern Nevada and eastern California Society of America. All rights reserved","docAbstract":"Stratigraphic and geomorphic analyses reveal that the regional drainage basin of the modern Amargosa River formed via multistage linkage of formerly isolated basins in a diachronous series of integration events between late Miocene and latest Pleistocene-Holocene time. The 275-km-long Amargosa River system drains generally southward across a large (15,540 km&lt;sup&gt; <sup>2&lt;/sup&gt;</sup>) watershed in southwestern Nevada and eastern California to its terminus in central Death Valley. This drainage basin is divided into four major subbasins along the main channel and several minor subbasins on tributaries; these subbasins contain features, including central valley lowlands surrounded by highlands that form external divides or internal paleodivides, which suggest relict individual physiographic-hydrologic basins. From north to south, the main subbasins along the main channel are: (1) an upper headwaters subbasin, which is deeply incised into mostly Tertiary sediments and volcanic rocks; (2) an unincised low-gradient section within the Amargosa Desert; (3) a mostly incised section centered on Tecopa Valley and tributary drainages; and (4) a west- to northwest-oriented mostly aggrading lower section along the axis of southern Death Valley. Adjoining subbasins are hydro-logically linked by interconnecting narrows or canyon reaches that are variably incised into formerly continuous paleodivides. The most important linkages along the main channel include: (1) the Beatty narrows, which developed across a Tertiary bedrock paleodivide between the upper and Amargosa Desert subbasins during a latest Miocene-early Pliocene to middle Pleistocene interval (ca. 4-0.5 Ma); (2) the Eagle Mountain narrows, which cut into a mostly alluvial paleodivide between the Amar-gosa Desert and Tecopa subbasins in middle to late Pleistocene (ca. 150-100 ka) time; and (3) the Amargosa Canyon, which formed in late middle Pleistocene (ca. 200140 ka) time through a breached, actively uplifting paleodivide between the Tecopa and southern Death Valley subbasins. Collectively, the interconnecting reaches represent discrete integration events that incrementally produced the modern drainage basin starting near Beatty sometime after 4 Ma and ending in the Salt Creek tributary in the latest Pleistocene to Holocene (post-30 ka). Potential mechanisms for drainage integration across paleodivides include basin overtopping from sedimentary infilling above paleodivide elevations, paleolake spillover, groundwater sapping, and (or) headward erosion of dissecting channels in lower-altitude subbasins. These processes are complexly influenced by fluvial responses to factors such as climatic change, local base-level differences across divides, and (or) tectonic activity (the latter only recognized in Amargosa Canyon). ?? 2008 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2008.2439(03)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Menges, C., 2008, Multistage late Cenozoic evolution of the Amargosa River drainage, southwestern Nevada and eastern California Society of America. All rights reserved, <i>in</i> Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 439, p. 39-90, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(03).","startPage":"39","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"52","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215337,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(03)"},{"id":243132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"439","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60aae4b0c8380cd715f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Menges, C.M.","contributorId":71200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Menges","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70033632,"text":"70033632 - 2008 - Chemical contaminants, health indicators, and reproductive biomarker responses in fish from rivers in the Southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:42:54","indexId":"70033632","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical contaminants, health indicators, and reproductive biomarker responses in fish from rivers in the Southeastern United States","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id21\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id22\"><p>Largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) and common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) were collected from 13 sites located in the Mobile (MRB), Apalachicola–Flint–Chattahoochee (ARB), Savannah (SRB), and Pee Dee (PRB) River Basins to document spatial trends in accumulative chemical contaminants, health indicators, and reproductive biomarkers. Organochlorine residues, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxin-like activity (TCDD-EQ), and elemental contaminants were measured in composite samples of whole fish, grouped by species and gender, from each site. Mercury (Hg) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were the primary contaminants of concern. Concentrations of Hg in bass samples from all basins exceeded toxicity thresholds for piscivorous mammals (&gt;&nbsp;0.1&nbsp;μg/g ww), juvenile and adult fish (&gt;&nbsp;0.2&nbsp;μg/g ww), and piscivorous birds (&gt;&nbsp;0.3&nbsp;μg/g ww). Total PCB concentrations in samples from the MRB, ARB, and PRB were &gt;&nbsp;480&nbsp;ng/g ww and may be a risk to piscivorous wildlife. Selenium concentrations also exceeded toxicity thresholds (&gt;&nbsp;0.75&nbsp;μg/g ww) in MRB and ARB fish. Concentrations of other formerly used (total chlordanes, dieldrin, endrin, aldrin, mirex, and hexachlorobenzene) and currently used (pentachlorobenzene, pentachloroanisole, dacthal, endosulfan, γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, and methoxychlor) organochlorine residues were generally low or did not exceed toxicity thresholds for fish and piscivorous wildlife. TCDD-EQs exceeded wildlife dietary guidelines (&gt;&nbsp;5&nbsp;pg/g ww) in MRB and PRB fish. Hepatic ethoxyresorufin<span>&nbsp;</span><i>O</i>-deethylase (EROD) activity was generally greatest in MRB bass and carp. Altered fish health indicators and reproductive biomarker were noted in individual fish, but mean responses were similar among basins. The field necropsy and histopathological examination determined that MRB fish were generally in poorer health than those from the other basins, primarily due to parasitic infestations. Tumors were found in few fish (<i>n</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;5; 0.01%); ovarian tumors of smooth muscle origin were found in two ARB carp from the same site. Intersex gonads were identified in 47 male bass (42%) representing 12 sites and may indicate exposure to potential endocrine disrupting compounds. Comparatively high vitellogenin concentrations (&gt;&nbsp;0.35&nbsp;mg/mL) in male fish from the MRB, SRB, and PRB indicate exposure to estrogenic or anti-androgenic chemicals.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.10.026","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Hinck, J., Blazer, V., Denslow, N., Echols, K.R., Gale, R., Wieser, C., May, T., Ellersieck, M., Coyle, J., and Tillitt, D.E., 2008, Chemical contaminants, health indicators, and reproductive biomarker responses in fish from rivers in the Southeastern United States: Science of the Total Environment, v. 390, no. 2-3, p. 538-557, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.10.026.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"538","endPage":"557","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214254,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.10.026"}],"volume":"390","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f570e4b0c8380cd4c219","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinck, J.E.","contributorId":47560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinck","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denslow, N. D.","contributorId":101606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denslow","given":"N. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Echols, K. R.","contributorId":32637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echols","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gale, R.W.","contributorId":81653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gale","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wieser, C. 0000-0002-4342-444X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4342-444X","contributorId":78286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieser","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ellersieck, M.","contributorId":105841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellersieck","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Coyle, J.J.","contributorId":64440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coyle","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70035275,"text":"70035275 - 2008 - The importance of hydrology in restoration of bottomland hardwood wetland functions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035275","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of hydrology in restoration of bottomland hardwood wetland functions","docAbstract":"Bottomland hardwood (BLH) forests have important biogeochemical functions and it is well known that certain structural components, including pulsed hydrology, hydric soils, and hydrophytic vegetation, enhance these functions. It is unclear, however, how functions of restored BLH wetlands compare to mature, undisturbed wetlands. We measured a suite of structural and functional attributes in replicated natural BLH wetlands (NAT), restored BLH wetlands with hydrology re-established (RWH), and restored BLH wetlands without hydrology re-established (RWOH) in this study. Trees were replanted in all restored wetlands at least four years prior to the study and those wetlands with hydrology re-established had flashboard risers placed in drainage ditches to allow seasonal surface flooding. Vegetation, soils, and selected biogeochemical functions were characterized at each site. There was a marked difference in woody vegetation among the wetlands that was due primarily to site age. There was also a difference in herbaceous vegetation among the restored sites that may have been related to differences in age or hydrology. Water table fluctuations of the RWH wetlands were comparable to those of the NAT wetlands. Thus, placing flashboard risers in existing drainage ditches, along with proper management, can produce a hydroperiod that is similar to that of a relatively undisturbed BLH. Average length of saturation within the upper 15 cm of soils was 37, 104, and 97 days for RWOH, RWH, and NAT, respectively. Soil moisture, denitrification potential, and soluble organic carbon concentrations differed among wetland sites, but soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations, heterotrophic microbial activity, and readily mineralizable carbon concentrations did not. Significant linear relationships were also found between soil moisture and heterotrophic microbial activity, readily mineralizable carbon, and soluble organic carbon. In addition, sedimentation rates were higher in NAT and RWH wetlands than in RWOH sites. Results of this study suggest that reconnection of bottomland hardwood wetlands to their surrounding watershed through the restoration of surface hydrology is necessary to restore wetland functions important to nutrient and sediment removal. ?? 2008 The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/07-139.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Hunter, R., Faulkner, S., and Gibson, K., 2008, The importance of hydrology in restoration of bottomland hardwood wetland functions: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 3, p. 605-615, https://doi.org/10.1672/07-139.1.","startPage":"605","endPage":"615","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215338,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/07-139.1"},{"id":243133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacf9e4b08c986b3238ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, R.G.","contributorId":67215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faulkner, S.P.","contributorId":55190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulkner","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibson, K.A.","contributorId":88970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033626,"text":"70033626 - 2008 - Decomposition of soil organic matter from boreal black spruce forest: Environmental and chemical controls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T07:55:07","indexId":"70033626","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decomposition of soil organic matter from boreal black spruce forest: Environmental and chemical controls","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">Black spruce forests are a dominant covertype in the boreal forest region, and they inhabit landscapes that span a wide range of hydrologic and thermal conditions. These forests often have large stores of soil organic carbon. Recent increases in temperature at northern latitudes may be stimulating decomposition rates of this soil carbon. It is unclear, however, how changes in environmental conditions influence decomposition in these systems, and if substrate controls of decomposition vary with hydrologic and thermal regime. We addressed these issues by investigating the effects of temperature, moisture, and organic matter chemical characteristics on decomposition of fibric soil horizons from three black spruce forest sites. The sites varied in drainage and permafrost, and included a “Well Drained” site where permafrost was absent, and “Moderately well Drained” and “Poorly Drained” sites where permafrost was present at about 0.5&nbsp;m depth. Samples collected from each site were incubated at five different moisture contents (2, 25, 50, 75, and 100% saturation) and two different temperatures (10°C and 20°C) in a full factorial design for two months. Organic matter chemistry was analyzed using pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry prior to incubation, and after incubation on soils held at 20°C, 50% saturation. Mean cumulative mineralization, normalized to initial carbon content, ranged from 0.2% to 4.7%, and was dependent on temperature, moisture, and site. The effect of temperature on mineralization was significantly influenced by moisture content, as mineralization was greatest at 20°C and 50–75% saturation. While the relative effects of temperature and moisture were similar for all soils, mineralization rates were significantly greater for samples from the “Well Drained” site compared to the other sites. Variations in the relative abundances of polysaccharide-derivatives and compounds of undetermined source (such as toluene, phenol, 4-methyl phenol, and several unidentifiable compounds) could account for approximately 44% of the variation in mineralization across all sites under ideal temperature and moisture conditions. Based on our results, changes in temperature and moisture likely have similar, additive effects on in&nbsp;situ soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition across a wide range of black spruce forest systems, while variations in SOM chemistry can lead to significant differences in decomposition rates within and among forest sites.</p><div class=\"KeywordGroup\" lang=\"en\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10533-007-9166-3","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Wickland, K., and Neff, J.C., 2008, Decomposition of soil organic matter from boreal black spruce forest: Environmental and chemical controls: Biogeochemistry, v. 87, no. 1, p. 29-47, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-007-9166-3.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"47","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214134,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-007-9166-3"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe14e4b0c8380cd4eaec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wickland, K.P. 0000-0002-6400-0590","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":10786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"K.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neff, J. C.","contributorId":29935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032365,"text":"70032365 - 2008 - Detection and attribution of temperature changes in the mountainous Western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032365","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection and attribution of temperature changes in the mountainous Western United States","docAbstract":"Large changes in the hydrology of the western United States have been observed since the mid-twentieth century. These include a reduction in the amount of precipitation arriving as snow, a decline in snowpack at low and midelevations, and a shift toward earlier arrival of both snowmelt and the centroid (center of mass) of streamflows. To project future water supply reliability, it is crucial to obtain a better understanding of the underlying cause or causes for these changes. A regional warming is often posited as the cause of these changes without formal testing of different competitive explanations for the warming. In this study, a rigorous detection and attribution analysis is performed to determine the causes of the late winter/early spring changes in hydrologically relevant temperature variables over mountain ranges of the western United States. Natural internal climate variability, as estimated from two long control climate model simulations, is insufficient to explain the rapid increase in daily minimum and maximum temperatures, the sharp decline in frost days, and the rise in degree-days above 0??C (a simple proxy for temperature driven snowmelt). These observed changes are also inconsistent with the model-predicted responses to variability in solar irradiance and volcanic activity. The observations are consistent with climite simulations that include the combined effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gases and aerosols. It is found that, for each temperature variable considered, an anthropogenic signal is identifiable in observational fields. The results are robust to uncertainties in model-estimated fingerprints and natural variability noise, to the choice of statistical down-scaling method, and to various processing options in the detection and attribution method. ?? 2008 American Meteorological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/2008JCLI2397.1","issn":"08948","usgsCitation":"Bonfils, C., Santer, B., Pierce, D., Hidalgo, H., Bala, G., Das, T., Barnett, T., Cayan, D., Doutriaux, C., Wood, A., Mirin, A., and Nozawa, T., 2008, Detection and attribution of temperature changes in the mountainous Western United States: Journal of Climate, v. 21, no. 23, p. 6404-6424, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2397.1.","startPage":"6404","endPage":"6424","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487695,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2397.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213963,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2397.1"},{"id":241641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff66e4b0c8380cd4f17c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonfils, Celine","contributorId":51542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonfils","given":"Celine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santer, B.D.","contributorId":95702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santer","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierce, D.W.","contributorId":23342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hidalgo, H.G.","contributorId":81229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hidalgo","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bala, G.","contributorId":86983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bala","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Das, T.","contributorId":99383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barnett, T.P.","contributorId":54763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":435797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Doutriaux, C.","contributorId":50364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doutriaux","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wood, A.W.","contributorId":43542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mirin, A.","contributorId":104294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirin","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Nozawa, T.","contributorId":83345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nozawa","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70033620,"text":"70033620 - 2008 - Mercury and organic carbon dynamics during runoff episodes from a northeastern USA watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:39:36","indexId":"70033620","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury and organic carbon dynamics during runoff episodes from a northeastern USA watershed","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">Mercury and organic carbon concentrations vary dynamically in streamwater at the Sleepers River Research Watershed in Vermont, USA. Total mercury (THg) concentrations ranged from 0.53 to 93.8&nbsp;ng/L during a 3-year period of study. The highest mercury (Hg) concentrations occurred slightly before peak flows and were associated with the highest organic carbon (OC) concentrations. Dissolved Hg (DHg) was the dominant form in the upland catchments; particulate Hg (PHg) dominated in the lowland catchments. The concentration of hydrophobic acid (HPOA), the major component of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), explained 41–98% of the variability of DHg concentration while DOC flux explained 68–85% of the variability in DHg flux, indicating both quality and quantity of the DOC substantially influenced the transport and fate of DHg. Particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations explained 50% of the PHg variability, indicating that POC is an important transport mechanism for PHg. Despite available sources of DHg and wetlands in the upland catchments, dissolved methylmercury (DmeHg) concentrations in streamwaters were below detection limit (0.04&nbsp;ng/L). PHg and particulate methylmercury (PmeHg) had a strong positive correlation (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">r</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>2</sup> = 0.84,<span>&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">p</i> &lt; 0.0001), suggesting a common source; likely in-stream or near-stream POC eroded or re-suspended during spring snowmelt and summer storms. Ratios of PmeHg to THg were low and fairly constant despite an apparent higher methylmercury (meHg) production potential in the summer. Methylmercury production in soils and stream sediments was below detection during snowmelt in April and highest in stream sediments (compared to forest and wetland soils) sampled in July. Using the watershed approach, the correlation of the percent of wetland cover to TmeHg concentrations in streamwater indicates that poorly drained wetland soils are a source of meHg and the relatively high concentrations found in stream surface sediments in July indicate these zones are a meHg sink.</p><div class=\"KeywordGroup\" lang=\"en\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-007-9500-3","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Schuster, P., Shanley, J.B., Marvin-DiPasquale, M., Reddy, M., Aiken, G., Roth, D., Taylor, H.E., Krabbenhoft, D., and DeWild, J., 2008, Mercury and organic carbon dynamics during runoff episodes from a northeastern USA watershed: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 187, no. 1-4, p. 89-108, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9500-3.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"108","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214552,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9500-3"}],"volume":"187","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a53dce4b0c8380cd6cd7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuster, P. F.","contributorId":30197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"P. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanley, J. B.","contributorId":52226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, M.","contributorId":28367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roth, D.A.","contributorId":100864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"DeWild, J.F. 0000-0003-4097-2798 jfdewild@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4097-2798","contributorId":56375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWild","given":"J.F.","email":"jfdewild@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70032363,"text":"70032363 - 2008 - Effects of residence time on summer nitrate uptake in Mississippi River flow-regulated backwaters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032363","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of residence time on summer nitrate uptake in Mississippi River flow-regulated backwaters","docAbstract":"Nitrate uptake may be improved in regulated floodplain rivers by increasing hydrological connectivity to backwaters. We examined summer nitrate uptake in a series of morphologically similar backwaters on the Upper Mississippi River receiving flow-regulated nitrate loads via gated culverts. Flows into individual backwaters were held constant over a summer period but varied in the summers of 2003 and 2004 to provide a range of hydraulic loads and residence times (??). The objectives were to determine optimum loading and ?? for maximum summer uptake. Higher flow adjustment led to increased loading but lower ?? and contact time for uptake. For highest flows, ?? was less than 1 day resulting in lower uptake rates (Unet, < 300 mg m-2 day-1), low uptake efficiency (U% < 20%) and a long uptake length (Snet > 4000 m). For low flows, ?? was greater than 5 days and U% approached 100%, but Unet was 200 mg m-2 day-1. Snet was < half the length of the backwaters under these conditions indicating that most of the load was assimilated in the upper reaches, leading to limited delivery to lower portions. Unet was maximal (384-629 mg m-2 day-1) for intermediate flows and ?? ranging between 1 and 1.5 days. Longer Snet (2000-4000 m) and lower U% (20-40%) reflected limitation of uptake in upper reaches by contact time, leading to transport to lower reaches for additional uptake. Uptake by ???10 000 ha of reconnected backwaters along the Upper Mississippi River (13% of the total backwater surface area) at a Unet of ???630 mg m-2 day-1 would be the equivalent of ???40% of the summer nitrate load (155 mg day-1) discharged from Lock and Dam 4. These results indicate that backwater nitrate uptake can play an important role in reducing nitrate loading to the Gulf of Mexico. Copyright ?? 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/rra.1150","issn":"15351","usgsCitation":"James, W., Richardson, W.B., and Soballe, D., 2008, Effects of residence time on summer nitrate uptake in Mississippi River flow-regulated backwaters: River Research and Applications, v. 24, no. 9, p. 1206-1217, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1150.","startPage":"1206","endPage":"1217","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213937,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1150"}],"volume":"24","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07b1e4b0c8380cd517aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, W.F.","contributorId":58602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richardson, W. B.","contributorId":16363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soballe, D.M.","contributorId":87654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soballe","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033759,"text":"70033759 - 2008 - Cardiopulmonary responses of intratracheally instilled tire particles and constituent metal components","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:04:03","indexId":"70033759","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1995,"text":"Inhalation Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cardiopulmonary responses of intratracheally instilled tire particles and constituent metal components","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract test\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>Tire and brake wear particles contain transition metals, and contribute to near-road PM. We hypothesized that acute cardiopulmonary injury from respirable tire particles (TP) will depend on the amount of soluble metals. Respirable fractions of two types of TP (TP1 and TP2) were analyzed for water and acid-leachable metals using ICP-AES. Both TP types contained a variety of transition metals, including zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), aluminum, and iron. Zn and Cu were detected at high levels in water-soluble fractions (TP2 &gt; TP1). Male Wistar Kyoto rats (12–14 wk) were intratracheally instilled, in the first study, with saline, TP1 or TP2 (5 mg/kg), and in the second study, with soluble Zn, Cu (0.5<span>&nbsp;</span><strong><i>μ</i></strong><span>&nbsp;</span>mol/kg), or both. Pulmonary toxicity and cardiac mitochondrial enzymes were analyzed 1 d, 1 wk, or 4 wk later for TP and 4 or 24 h later for metals. Increases in lavage fluid markers of inflammation and injury were observed at d 1 (TP2 &gt; TP1), but these changes reversed by wk 1. No effects on cardiac enzymes were noted with either TP. Exposure of rats to soluble Zn and Cu caused marked pulmonary inflammation and injury but temporal differences were apparent (Cu effects peaked at 4 h and Zn at 24 h). Instillation of Zn, Cu, and Zn+ Cu decreased the activity of cardiac aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome-c-oxidase and superoxide dismutase suggesting mitochondrial oxidative stress. The observed acute pulmonary toxicity of TP could be due to the presence of water soluble Zn and Cu. At high concentrations these metals may induce cardiac oxidative stress.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/08958370701858427","issn":"08958378","usgsCitation":"Gottipolu, R., Landa, E.R., Schladweiler, M., McGee, J., Ledbetter, A., Richards, J., Wallenborn, G., and Kodavanti, U., 2008, Cardiopulmonary responses of intratracheally instilled tire particles and constituent metal components: Inhalation Toxicology, v. 20, no. 5, p. 473-484, https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370701858427.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"473","endPage":"484","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214142,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08958370701858427"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f376e4b0c8380cd4b821","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gottipolu, R.R.","contributorId":37550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gottipolu","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schladweiler, M.C.","contributorId":93288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schladweiler","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGee, J.K.","contributorId":25372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ledbetter, A.D.","contributorId":26893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ledbetter","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Richards, J.H.","contributorId":49164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wallenborn, G.J.","contributorId":103884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallenborn","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kodavanti, U.P.","contributorId":99390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kodavanti","given":"U.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70193745,"text":"70193745 - 2008 - Fiber‐optic distributed temperature sensing: A new tool for assessment and monitoring of hydrologic processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-21T11:48:24","indexId":"70193745","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Fiber‐optic distributed temperature sensing: A new tool for assessment and monitoring of hydrologic processes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fiber‐optic distributed temperature sensing (FO DTS) is an emerging technology for characterizing and monitoring a wide range of important earth processes. FO DTS utilizes laser light to measure temperature along the entire length of standard telecommunications optical fibers. The technology can measure temperature every meter over FO cables up to 30 kilometers (km) long. Commercially available systems can measure fiber temperature as often as 4 times per minute, with thermal precision ranging from 0.1 to 0.01 °C depending on measurement integration time. In 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a project to demonstrate and evaluate DTS as a technology to support hydrologic studies. This paper demonstrates the potential of the technology to assess and monitor hydrologic processes through case‐study examples of FO DTS monitoring of stream‐aquifer interaction on the Shenandoah River near Locke's Mill, Virginia, and on Fish Creek, near Jackson Hole, Wyoming, and estuary‐aquifer interaction on Waquoit Bay, Falmouth, Massachusetts. The ability to continuously observe temperature over large spatial scales with high spatial and temporal resolution provides a new opportunity to observe and monitor a wide range of hydrologic processes with application to other disciplines including hazards, climate‐change, and ecosystem monitoring.</span><br></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2008","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.4133/1.2963272","usgsCitation":"Lane, J.W., Day-Lewis, F.D., Johnson, C.D., Dawson, C.B., Nelms, D.L., Eddy-Miller, C., Wheeler, J.D., Harvey, C.F., and Karam, H.N., 2008, Fiber‐optic distributed temperature sensing: A new tool for assessment and monitoring of hydrologic processes, <i>in</i> Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2008, p. 318-326, https://doi.org/10.4133/1.2963272.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"318","endPage":"326","ipdsId":"IP-003767","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350801,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a719272e4b0a9a2e9dbde39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X jwlane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":189168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578 cjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":1891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole","email":"cjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dawson, Cian B. cbdawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Cian","email":"cbdawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelms, David L. 0000-0001-5747-642X dlnelms@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5747-642X","contributorId":1892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelms","given":"David","email":"dlnelms@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eddy-Miller, Cheryl A. 0000-0002-4082-750X cemiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4082-750X","contributorId":1824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddy-Miller","given":"Cheryl A.","email":"cemiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wheeler, Jerrod D. 0000-0002-0533-8700 jwheele@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0533-8700","contributorId":1893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Jerrod","email":"jwheele@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Harvey, Charles F.","contributorId":199836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harvey","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":12444,"text":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Karam, Hanan N.","contributorId":199837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karam","given":"Hanan","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":13299,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70033257,"text":"70033257 - 2008 - A multi-residue method for the analysis of pesticides and pesticide degradates in water using HLB solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:12:33","indexId":"70033257","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-residue method for the analysis of pesticides and pesticide degradates in water using HLB solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">A method was developed for the analysis of over 60 pesticides and degradates in water by HLB solid-phase extraction and gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry. Method recoveries and detection limits were determined using two surface waters with different dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. In the lower DOC water, recoveries and detection limits were 80%–108% and 1–12&nbsp;ng/L, respectively. In the higher DOC water, the detection limits were slightly higher (1–15&nbsp;ng/L). Additionally, surface water samples from four sites were analyzed and 14 pesticides were detected with concentrations ranging from 4 to 1,200&nbsp;ng/L.</p><div class=\"KeywordGroup\" lang=\"en\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00128-007-9332-2","issn":"00074861","usgsCitation":"Hladik, M., Smalling, K., and Kuivila, K., 2008, A multi-residue method for the analysis of pesticides and pesticide degradates in water using HLB solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 80, no. 2, p. 139-144, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-007-9332-2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"144","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213190,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-007-9332-2"}],"volume":"80","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e48be4b0c8380cd466e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hladik, M.L. 0000-0002-0891-2712","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":51111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smalling, K.L.","contributorId":66068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalling","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuivila, K.M.","contributorId":34529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035573,"text":"70035573 - 2008 - Middle to late cenozoic geology, hydrography, and fish evolution in the American Southwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035573","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Middle to late cenozoic geology, hydrography, and fish evolution in the American Southwest","docAbstract":"An evaluation of the poorly understood Cenozoic hydrologic history of the American Southwest using combined geological and biological data yields new insights with implications for tectonic evolution. The Mesozoic Cordilleran orogen next to the continental margin of southwestern North America probably formed the continental divide. Mountain building migrated eastward to cause uplift of the Rocky Mountains during the Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary Laramide orogeny. Closed drainage basins that developed between the two mountain belts trapped lake waters containing fish of Atlantic affinity. Oligocene-Miocene tectonic extension fragmented the western mountain belt and created abundant closed basins that gradually filled with sediments and became conduits for dispersal of fishes of both Pacific and Atlantic affinity. Abrupt arrival of the modern Colorado River to the Mojave-Sonora Desert region at ca. 5 Ma provided a new conduit for fish dispersal. Great dissimilarities in modern fish fauna, including differences in their mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), indicate that late Miocene runoff from the Colorado Plateau did not flow down the Platte or Rio Grande, or through the Lake Bonneville Basin. Fossil fishes from the upper Miocene part of the Bidahochi Formation on the Colorado Plateau have characteristics that reflect a habitat of large, swift-moving waters, and they are closely related to fossil fishes associated with the Snake and Sacramento Rivers. This evidence suggests that influx of fishes from the ancestral Snake River involved a major drainage, not merely small headwater transfers. ?? 2008 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2008.2439(12)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Spencer, J., Smith, G., and Dowling, T., 2008, Middle to late cenozoic geology, hydrography, and fish evolution in the American Southwest, <i>in</i> Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 439, p. 279-299, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(12).","startPage":"279","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216337,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(12)"},{"id":244200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"439","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56ece4b0c8380cd6d906","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spencer, J.E.","contributorId":91542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, G.R.","contributorId":97038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dowling, T.E.","contributorId":38935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowling","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033252,"text":"70033252 - 2008 - Determination of dominant biogeochemical processes in a contaminated aquifer-wetland system using multivariate statistical analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:12:46","indexId":"70033252","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of dominant biogeochemical processes in a contaminated aquifer-wetland system using multivariate statistical analysis","docAbstract":"<p>Determining the processes governing aqueous biogeochemistry in a wetland hydrologically linked to an underlying contaminated aquifer is challenging due to the complex exchange between the systems and their distinct responses to changes in precipitation, recharge, and biological activities. To evaluate temporal and spatial processes in the wetland-aquifer system, water samples were collected using cm-scale multi-chambered passive diffusion samplers (peepers) to span the wetland-aquifer interface over a period of 3 yr. Samples were analyzed for major cations and anions, methane, and a suite of organic acids resulting in a large dataset of over 8000 points, which was evaluated using multivariate statistics. Principal component analysis (PCA) was chosen with the purpose of exploring the sources of variation in the dataset to expose related variables and provide insight into the biogeochemical processes that control the water chemistry of the system. Factor scores computed from PCA were mapped by date and depth. Patterns observed suggest that (i) fermentation is the process controlling the greatest variability in the dataset and it peaks in May; (ii) iron and sulfate reduction were the dominant terminal electron-accepting processes in the system and were associated with fermentation but had more complex seasonal variability than fermentation; (iii) methanogenesis was also important and associated with bacterial utilization of minerals as a source of electron acceptors (e.g., barite BaSO<sub>4</sub>); and (iv) seasonal hydrological patterns (wet and dry periods) control the availability of electron acceptors through the reoxidation of reduced iron-sulfur species enhancing iron and sulfate reduction.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0169","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Baez-Cazull, S.E., McGuire, J., Cozzarelli, I., and Voytek, M., 2008, Determination of dominant biogeochemical processes in a contaminated aquifer-wetland system using multivariate statistical analysis: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 1, p. 30-46, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0169.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"46","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213132,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0169"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffa2e4b0c8380cd4f2ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baez-Cazull, S. E.","contributorId":64034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baez-Cazull","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, J.T.","contributorId":17023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cozzarelli, I.M. 0000-0002-5123-1007","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":22343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"I.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Voytek, M.A.","contributorId":44272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033725,"text":"70033725 - 2008 - Inverse modeling of surface-water discharge to achieve restoration salinity performance measures in Florida Bay, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033725","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inverse modeling of surface-water discharge to achieve restoration salinity performance measures in Florida Bay, Florida","docAbstract":"The use of numerical modeling to evaluate regional water-management practices involves the simulation of various alternative water-delivery scenarios, which typically are designed intuitively rather than analytically. These scenario simulations are used to analyze how specific water-management practices affect factors such as water levels, flows, and salinities. In lieu of testing a variety of scenario simulations in a trial-and-error manner, an optimization technique may be used to more precisely and directly define good water-management alternatives. A numerical model application in the coastal regions of Florida Bay and Everglades National Park (ENP), representing the surface- and ground-water hydrology for the region, is a good example of a tool used to evaluate restoration scenarios. The Southern Inland and Coastal System (SICS) model simulates this area with a two-dimensional hydrodynamic surface-water model and a three-dimensional ground-water model, linked to represent the interaction of the two systems with salinity transport. This coastal wetland environment is of great interest in restoration efforts, and the SICS model is used to analyze the effects of alternative water-management scenarios. The SICS model is run within an inverse modeling program called UCODE. In this application, UCODE adjusts the regulated inflows to ENP while SICS is run iteratively. UCODE creates parameters that define inflow within an allowable range for the SICS model based on SICS model output statistics, with the objective of matching user-defined target salinities that meet ecosystem restoration criteria. Preliminary results obtained using two different parameterization methods illustrate the ability of the model to achieve the goals of adjusting the range and reducing the variance of salinity values in the target area. The salinity variance in the primary zone of interest was reduced from an original value of 0.509 psu2 to values 0.418 psu2 and 0.342 psu2 using different methods. Simulations with one, two, and three target areas indicate that optimization is limited near model boundaries and the target location nearest the tidal boundary may not be improved. These experiments indicate that this method can be useful for designing water-delivery schemes to achieve certain water-quality objectives. Additionally, this approach avoids much of the intuitive type of experimentation with different flow schemes that has often been used to develop restoration scenarios. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.12.017","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Swain, E., and James, D., 2008, Inverse modeling of surface-water discharge to achieve restoration salinity performance measures in Florida Bay, Florida: Journal of Hydrology, v. 351, no. 1-2, p. 188-202, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.12.017.","startPage":"188","endPage":"202","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214141,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.12.017"},{"id":241835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"351","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e4ee4b0c8380cd63c7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swain, E.D. 0000-0001-7168-708X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":29007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"E.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"James, D.E.","contributorId":22927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033723,"text":"70033723 - 2008 - Distinguishing black carbon from biogenic humic substances in soil clay fractions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T09:00:21","indexId":"70033723","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1760,"text":"Geoderma","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distinguishing black carbon from biogenic humic substances in soil clay fractions","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id11\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id12\"><p>Most models of soil humic substances include a substantial component of aromatic C either as the backbone of humic heteropolymers or as a significant component of supramolecular aggregates of degraded biopolymers. We physically separated coarse (0.2–2.0&nbsp;μm e.s.d.), medium (0.02–0.2&nbsp;μm e.s.d.), and fine (&gt;&nbsp;0.02&nbsp;μm e.s.d.) clay subfractions from three Midwestern soils and characterized the organic material associated with these subfractions using<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup>C-CPMAS-NMR, DTG, SEM-EDX, incubations, and radiocarbon age. Most of the C in the coarse clay subfraction was present as discrete particles (0.2–5&nbsp;μm as seen in SEM images) of black carbon (BC) and consisted of approximately 60% aromatic C, with the remainder being a mixture of aliphatic, anomeric and carboxylic C. We hypothesize that BC particles were originally charcoal formed during prairie fires. As the BC particles aged in soil their surfaces were oxidized to form carboxylic groups and anomeric and aliphatic C accumulated in the BC particles either by adsorption of dissolved biogenic compounds from the soil solution or by direct deposition of biogenic materials from microbes living within the BC particles. The biogenic soil organic matter was physically separated with the medium and fine clay subfractions and was dominated by aliphatic, anomeric, and carboxylic C. The results indicate that the biogenic humic materials in our soils have little aromatic C, which is inconsistent with the traditional heteropolymer model of humic substances.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.10.025","issn":"00167061","usgsCitation":"Laird, D., Chappell, M., Martens, D., Wershaw, R., and Thompson, M., 2008, Distinguishing black carbon from biogenic humic substances in soil clay fractions: Geoderma, v. 143, no. 1-2, p. 115-122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.10.025.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"122","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214110,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.10.025"}],"volume":"143","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0250e4b0c8380cd4ffc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laird, D.A.","contributorId":35134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laird","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chappell, M.A.","contributorId":47592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chappell","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martens, D.A.","contributorId":10236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martens","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, M.","contributorId":108218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
]}