{"pageNumber":"238","pageRowStart":"5925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16447,"records":[{"id":70031953,"text":"70031953 - 2008 - Application of multiple isotopic and geochemical tracers for investigation of recharge, salinization, and residence time of water in the Souss-Massa aquifer, southwest of Morocco","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031953","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of multiple isotopic and geochemical tracers for investigation of recharge, salinization, and residence time of water in the Souss-Massa aquifer, southwest of Morocco","docAbstract":"Groundwater and surface water in Souss-Massa basin in the west-southern part of Morocco is characterized by a large variation in salinity, up to levels of 37 g L-1. The high salinity coupled with groundwater level decline pose serious problems for current irrigation and domestic water supplies as well as future exploitation. A combined hydrogeologic and isotopic investigation using several chemical and isotopic tracers such as Br/Cl, ??18O, ??2H, 3H, 87Sr/86Sr, ??11B, and 14C was carried out in order to determine the sources of water recharge to the aquifer, the origin of salinity, and the residence time of water. Stable isotope, 3H and 14C data indicate that the high Atlas mountains in the northern margin of the Souss-Massa basin with high rainfall and low ??18O and ??2H values (-6 to -8??? and -36 to -50???) is currently constitute the major source of recharge to the Souss-Massa shallow aquifer, particularly along the eastern part of the basin. Localized stable isotope enrichments offset meteoric isotopic signature and are associated with high nitrate concentrations, which infer water recycling via water agricultural return flows. The 3H and 14C data suggest that the residence time of water in the western part of the basin is in the order of several thousands of years; hence old water is mined, particularly in the coastal areas. The multiple isotope analyses and chemical tracing of groundwater from the basin reveal that seawater intrusion is just one of multiple salinity sources that affect the quality of groundwater in the Souss-Massa aquifer. We differentiate between modern seawater intrusion, salinization by remnants of seawater entrapped in the middle Souss plains, recharge of nitrate-rich agricultural return flow, and dissolution of evaporate rocks (gypsum and halite minerals) along the outcrops of the high Atlas mountains. The data generated in this study provide the framework for a comprehensive management plan in which water exploitation should shift toward the eastern part of the basin where current recharge occurs with young and high quality groundwater. In contrast, we argued that the heavily exploited aquifer along the coastal areas is more vulnerable given the relatively longer residence time of the water and salinization processes in this part of the aquifer. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.01.022","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Bouchaou, L., Michelot, J., Vengosh, A., Hsissou, Y., Qurtobi, M., Gaye, C., Bullen, T., and Zuppi, G., 2008, Application of multiple isotopic and geochemical tracers for investigation of recharge, salinization, and residence time of water in the Souss-Massa aquifer, southwest of Morocco: Journal of Hydrology, v. 352, no. 3-4, p. 267-287, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.01.022.","startPage":"267","endPage":"287","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214775,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.01.022"},{"id":242525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"352","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eca8e4b0c8380cd493fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bouchaou, L.","contributorId":51556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouchaou","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michelot, J.L.","contributorId":58483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michelot","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vengosh, A.","contributorId":88925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vengosh","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hsissou, Y.","contributorId":22596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsissou","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Qurtobi, M.","contributorId":78957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qurtobi","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gaye, C.B.","contributorId":56017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaye","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zuppi, G.M.","contributorId":66079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuppi","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70031723,"text":"70031723 - 2008 - Evapotranspiration rates and crop coefficients for a restored marsh in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-25T13:07:55","indexId":"70031723","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evapotranspiration rates and crop coefficients for a restored marsh in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>The surface renewal method was used to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) for a restored marsh on Twitchell Island in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California, USA. ET estimates for the marsh, together with reference ET measurements from a nearby climate station, were used to determine crop coefficients over a 3‐year period during the growing season. The mean ET rate for the study period was 6 mm day</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, which is high compared with other marshes with similar vegetation. High ET rates at the marsh may be due to the windy, semi‐arid Mediterranean climate of the region, and the permanently flooded nature of the marsh, which results in very low surface resistance of the vegetation. Crop coefficient (</span><i>K</i><sub>c</sub><span>) values for the marsh ranged from 0·73 to 1·18. The mean<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>K</i><sub>c</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>value over the entire study period was 0·95. The daily<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>K</i><sub>c</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>values for any given month varied from year to year, and the standard deviation of daily<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>K</i><sub>c</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>values varied between months. Although several climate variables were undoubtedly responsible for this variation, our analysis revealed that wind direction and the temperature of standing water in the wetland were of particular importance in determining ET rates and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>K</i><sub>c</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>values.<span>&nbsp;</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6650","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Drexler, J., Anderson, F.E., and Snyder, R.L., 2008, Evapotranspiration rates and crop coefficients for a restored marsh in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 6, p. 725-735, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6650.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"725","endPage":"735","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212422,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6650"}],"volume":"22","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d20e4b0c8380cd52e21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drexler, Judith Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866 jdrexler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":1659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judith Z.","email":"jdrexler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":432861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Frank E. 0000-0002-1418-4678 fanders@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1418-4678","contributorId":2605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Frank","email":"fanders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":432863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snyder, Richard L.","contributorId":167497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snyder","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":24726,"text":"Department of Land, Air and Water Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":432862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031939,"text":"70031939 - 2008 - Effects of climate and land management change on streamflow in the driftless area of Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:19:33","indexId":"70031939","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of climate and land management change on streamflow in the driftless area of Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Baseflow and precipitation in the Kickapoo River Watershed, located in the Driftless Area of Wisconsin, exhibit a step increase around 1970, similar to minimum and median flows in many other central and eastern USA streams. Potential effects on streamflow due to climatic and land management changes were evaluated by comparing volumetric changes in the hydrologic budget before and after 1970. Increases in precipitation do not fully account for the increase in baseflow, which appears to be offset by a volumetric decrease in stormflow. This suggests that factors that influence the partitioning of precipitation into overland runoff or infiltration have changed. A transition from relatively more intensive to relatively less intensive agricultural land use is generally associated with higher infiltration rates, and likely influences partitioning of flow. Changes in agricultural land management practices in the Driftless Area, which began in the mid-1930s, do not coincide with the abrupt increase in baseflow around 1970. Instead, the timing of hydrologic change appears to coincide with changes in precipitation, whereas the magnitude of the change in baseflow and stormflow was likely amplified by changes in agricultural land management. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.03.010","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Juckem, P., Hunt, R.J., Anderson, M.P., and Robertson, D.M., 2008, Effects of climate and land management change on streamflow in the driftless area of Wisconsin: Journal of Hydrology, v. 355, no. 1-4, p. 123-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.03.010.","startPage":"123","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215051,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.03.010"}],"volume":"355","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06ade4b0c8380cd5137e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juckem, P. F.","contributorId":24819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juckem","given":"P. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, R. J.","contributorId":40164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Marilyn P.","contributorId":102970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035172,"text":"70035172 - 2008 - Application of a geomorphic and temporal perspective to wetland management in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T11:35:10","indexId":"70035172","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of a geomorphic and temporal perspective to wetland management in North America","docAbstract":"The failure of managed wetlands to provide a broad suite of ecosystem services (e.g., carbon storage, wildlife habitat, ground-water recharge, storm-water retention) valuable to society is primarily the result of a lack of consideration of ecosystem processes that maintain productive wetland ecosystems or physical and social forces that restrict a manager's ability to apply actions that allow those processes to occur. Therefore, we outline a course of action that considers restoration of ecosystem processes in those systems where off-site land use or physical alterations restrict local management. Upon considering a wetland system, or examining a particular management regime, there are several factors that will allow successful restoration of wetland services. An initial step is examination of the political/social factors that have structured the current ecological condition and whether those realities can be addressed. Most successful restorations of wetland ecosystem services involve cooperation among multiple agencies, acquisition of funds from non-traditional sources, seeking of scientific advice on ecosystem processes, and cultivation of good working relationships among biologists, managers, and maintenance staff. Beyond that, in on-site wetland situations, management should examine the existing hydrogeomorphic situation and processes (e.g., climatic variation, tides, riverine flood-pulse events) responsible for maintenance of ecosystem services within a given temporal framework appropriate for that wetland's hydrologic pattern. We discuss these processes for five major wetland types (depressional, lacustrine, estuarine, riverine, and man-made impoundments) and then provide two case histories in which this approach was applied: Seney National Wildlife Refuge with a restored fen system and Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge where riverine processes have been simulated to restore native habitat. With adequate partnerships and administrative and political support, managers faced with degraded and/or disconnected wetland processes will be able to restore ecosystem services for society in our highly altered landscape by considering wetlands in their given hydrogeomorphic setting and temporal stage. ?? 2008 The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/07-155.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Smith, L., Euliss, N., Wilcox, D., and Brinson, M., 2008, Application of a geomorphic and temporal perspective to wetland management in North America: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 3, p. 563-577, https://doi.org/10.1672/07-155.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"563","endPage":"577","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215274,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/07-155.1"},{"id":243064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec8de4b0c8380cd49331","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, L.M.","contributorId":82650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Euliss, N.H. Jr.","contributorId":54917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"N.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilcox, D.A.","contributorId":55382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brinson, M.M.","contributorId":90436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinson","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035244,"text":"70035244 - 2008 - Multistage late Cenozoic evolution of the Amargosa River drainage, southwestern Nevada and eastern California Society of America. All rights reserved","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035244","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Multistage late Cenozoic evolution of the Amargosa River drainage, southwestern Nevada and eastern California Society of America. All rights reserved","docAbstract":"Stratigraphic and geomorphic analyses reveal that the regional drainage basin of the modern Amargosa River formed via multistage linkage of formerly isolated basins in a diachronous series of integration events between late Miocene and latest Pleistocene-Holocene time. The 275-km-long Amargosa River system drains generally southward across a large (15,540 km&lt;sup&gt; <sup>2&lt;/sup&gt;</sup>) watershed in southwestern Nevada and eastern California to its terminus in central Death Valley. This drainage basin is divided into four major subbasins along the main channel and several minor subbasins on tributaries; these subbasins contain features, including central valley lowlands surrounded by highlands that form external divides or internal paleodivides, which suggest relict individual physiographic-hydrologic basins. From north to south, the main subbasins along the main channel are: (1) an upper headwaters subbasin, which is deeply incised into mostly Tertiary sediments and volcanic rocks; (2) an unincised low-gradient section within the Amargosa Desert; (3) a mostly incised section centered on Tecopa Valley and tributary drainages; and (4) a west- to northwest-oriented mostly aggrading lower section along the axis of southern Death Valley. Adjoining subbasins are hydro-logically linked by interconnecting narrows or canyon reaches that are variably incised into formerly continuous paleodivides. The most important linkages along the main channel include: (1) the Beatty narrows, which developed across a Tertiary bedrock paleodivide between the upper and Amargosa Desert subbasins during a latest Miocene-early Pliocene to middle Pleistocene interval (ca. 4-0.5 Ma); (2) the Eagle Mountain narrows, which cut into a mostly alluvial paleodivide between the Amar-gosa Desert and Tecopa subbasins in middle to late Pleistocene (ca. 150-100 ka) time; and (3) the Amargosa Canyon, which formed in late middle Pleistocene (ca. 200140 ka) time through a breached, actively uplifting paleodivide between the Tecopa and southern Death Valley subbasins. Collectively, the interconnecting reaches represent discrete integration events that incrementally produced the modern drainage basin starting near Beatty sometime after 4 Ma and ending in the Salt Creek tributary in the latest Pleistocene to Holocene (post-30 ka). Potential mechanisms for drainage integration across paleodivides include basin overtopping from sedimentary infilling above paleodivide elevations, paleolake spillover, groundwater sapping, and (or) headward erosion of dissecting channels in lower-altitude subbasins. These processes are complexly influenced by fluvial responses to factors such as climatic change, local base-level differences across divides, and (or) tectonic activity (the latter only recognized in Amargosa Canyon). ?? 2008 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2008.2439(03)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Menges, C., 2008, Multistage late Cenozoic evolution of the Amargosa River drainage, southwestern Nevada and eastern California Society of America. All rights reserved, <i>in</i> Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 439, p. 39-90, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(03).","startPage":"39","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"52","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215337,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(03)"},{"id":243132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"439","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60aae4b0c8380cd715f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Menges, C.M.","contributorId":71200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Menges","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032844,"text":"70032844 - 2008 - Water-quality monitoring and process understanding in support of environmental policy and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032844","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Water-quality monitoring and process understanding in support of environmental policy and management","docAbstract":"The quantity and quality of freshwater at any point on the landscape reflect the combined effects of many processes operating along hydrological pathways within a drainage basin/watershed/catchment. Primary drivers for the availability of water are landscape changes and patterns, and the processes affecting the timing, magnitude, and intensity of precipitation, including global climate change. The degradation of air, land, and water in one part of a drainage basin can have negative effects on users downstream; the time and space scales of the effects are determined by the residence time along the various hydrological pathways. Hydrology affects transport, deposition, and recycling of inorganic materials and sediment. These components affect biota and associated ecosystem processes, which rely on sustainable flows throughout a drainage basin. Human activities on all spatial scales affect both water quantity and quality, and some human activities can have a disproportionate effect on an entire drainage basin. Aquatic systems have been continuously modified by agriculture, through land-use change, irrigation and navigation, disposal of urban, mining, and industrial wastes, and engineering modifications to the environment. Interdisciplinary integrated basin studies within the last several decades have provided a more comprehensive understanding of the linkages among air, land, and water resources. This understanding, coupled with environmental monitoring, has evolved a more multidisciplinary integrated approach to resource management, particularly within drainage basins.","largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","conferenceTitle":"River Basins - From Hydrological Science to Water Management","conferenceLocation":"Paris","language":"English","issn":"01447","isbn":"9781901502695","usgsCitation":"Peters, N., 2008, Water-quality monitoring and process understanding in support of environmental policy and management, <i>in</i> IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 323, Paris, p. 93-109.","startPage":"93","endPage":"109","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"323","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bce33e4b08c986b32e29e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70031732,"text":"70031732 - 2008 - Acetylene as fast food: Implications for development of life on anoxic primordial earth and in the outer solar system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:05:38","indexId":"70031732","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":912,"text":"Astrobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acetylene as fast food: Implications for development of life on anoxic primordial earth and in the outer solar system","docAbstract":"<div class=\"col-sm-8 col-md-8 article__content\"><div class=\"article__body \"><div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>Acetylene occurs, by photolysis of methane, in the atmospheres of jovian planets and Titan. In contrast, acetylene is only a trace component of Earth's current atmosphere. Nonetheless, a methane-rich atmosphere has been hypothesized for early Earth; this atmosphere would also have been rich in acetylene. This poses a paradox, because acetylene is a potent inhibitor of many key anaerobic microbial processes, including methanogenesis, anaerobic methane oxidation, nitrogen fixation, and hydrogen oxidation. Fermentation of acetylene was discovered ∼25 years ago, and&nbsp;<i>Pelobacter acetylenicus</i>was shown to grow on acetylene by virtue of acetylene hydratase, which results in the formation of acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde subsequently dismutates to ethanol and acetate (plus some hydrogen). However, acetylene hydratase is specific for acetylene and does not react with any analogous compounds. We hypothesize that microbes with acetylene hydratase played a key role in the evolution of Earth's early biosphere by exploiting an available source of carbon from the atmosphere and in so doing formed protective niches that allowed for other microbial processes to flourish. Furthermore, the presence of acetylene in the atmosphere of a planet or planetoid could possibly represent evidence for an extraterrestrial anaerobic ecosystem. Astrobiology 8, 45–58.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Mary Ann Liebert","doi":"10.1089/ast.2007.0183","issn":"15311074","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R., and Voytek, M., 2008, Acetylene as fast food: Implications for development of life on anoxic primordial earth and in the outer solar system: Astrobiology, v. 8, no. 1, p. 45-58, https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2007.0183.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"58","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":212579,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ast.2007.0183"},{"id":240082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e68fe4b0c8380cd474d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voytek, M.A.","contributorId":44272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032686,"text":"70032686 - 2008 - Sources, transformations, and hydrological processes that control stream nitrate and dissolved organic matter concentrations during snowmelt in an upland forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:09:09","indexId":"70032686","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources, transformations, and hydrological processes that control stream nitrate and dissolved organic matter concentrations during snowmelt in an upland forest","docAbstract":"<p><span>We explored catchment processes that control stream nutrient concentrations at an upland forest in northeastern Vermont, USA, where inputs of nitrogen via atmospheric deposition are among the highest in the nation and affect ecosystem functioning. We traced sources of water, nitrate, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) using stream water samples collected at high frequency during spring snowmelt. Hydrochemistry, isotopic tracers, and end‐member mixing analyses suggested the timing, sources, and source areas from which water and nutrients entered the stream. Although stream‐dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) both originated from leaching of soluble organic matter, flushing responses between these two DOM components varied because of dynamic shifts of hydrological flow paths and sources that supply the highest concentrations of DOC and DON. High concentrations of stream water nitrate originated from atmospheric sources as well as nitrified sources from catchment soils. We detected nitrification in surficial soils during late snowmelt which affected the nitrate supply that was available to be transported to streams. However, isotopic tracers showed that the majority of nitrate in upslope surficial soil waters after the onset of snowmelt originated from atmospheric sources. A fraction of the atmospheric nitrogen was directly delivered to the stream, and this finding highlights the importance of quick flow pathways during snowmelt events. These findings indicate that interactions among sources, transformations, and hydrologic transport processes must be deciphered to understand why concentrations vary over time and over space as well as to elucidate the direct effects of human activities on nutrient dynamics in upland forest streams.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008WR006983","usgsCitation":"Sebestyen, S.D., Boyer, E.W., Shanley, J.B., Kendall, C., Doctor, D.H., Aiken, G.R., and Ohte, N., 2008, Sources, transformations, and hydrological processes that control stream nitrate and dissolved organic matter concentrations during snowmelt in an upland forest: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 12, W12410; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR006983.","productDescription":"W12410; 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b93abe4b08c986b31a610","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sebestyen, Stephen D.","contributorId":195126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sebestyen","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyer, Elizabeth W.","contributorId":44659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doctor, Daniel H. 0000-0002-8338-9722 dhdoctor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-9722","contributorId":2037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"Daniel","email":"dhdoctor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ohte, Nobuhito","contributorId":73363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ohte","given":"Nobuhito","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70031938,"text":"70031938 - 2008 - Comparison of total mercury and methylmercury cycling at five sites using the small watershed approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:25:49","indexId":"70031938","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of total mercury and methylmercury cycling at five sites using the small watershed approach","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id13\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id14\"><p>The small watershed approach is well-suited but underutilized in mercury research. We applied the small watershed approach to investigate total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) dynamics in streamwater at the five diverse forested headwater catchments of the US Geological Survey Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) program. At all sites, baseflow THg was generally less than 1&nbsp;ng L<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and MeHg was less than 0.2&nbsp;ng L<sup>−1</sup>. THg and MeHg concentrations increased with streamflow, so export was primarily episodic. At three sites, THg and MeHg concentration and export were dominated by the particulate fraction in association with POC at high flows, with maximum THg (MeHg) concentrations of 94 (2.56)&nbsp;ng L<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>at Sleepers River, Vermont; 112 (0.75)&nbsp;ng L<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>at Rio Icacos, Puerto Rico; and 55 (0.80)&nbsp;ng L<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>at Panola Mt., Georgia. Filtered (&lt;0.7&nbsp;μm) THg increased more modestly with flow in association with the hydrophobic acid fraction (HPOA) of DOC, with maximum filtered THg concentrations near 5&nbsp;ng L<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>at both Sleepers and Icacos. At Andrews Creek, Colorado, THg export was also episodic but was dominated by filtered THg, as POC concentrations were low. MeHg typically tracked THg so that each site had a fairly constant MeHg/THg ratio, which ranged from near zero at Andrews to 15% at the low-relief, groundwater-dominated Allequash Creek, Wisconsin. Allequash was the only site with filtered MeHg consistently above detection, and the filtered fraction dominated both THg and MeHg. Relative to inputs in wet deposition, watershed retention of THg (minus any subsequent volatilization) was 96.6% at Allequash, 60% at Sleepers, and 83% at Andrews. Icacos had a net export of THg, possibly due to historic gold mining or frequent disturbance from landslides. Quantification and interpretation of Hg dynamics was facilitated by the small watershed approach with emphasis on event sampling.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.031","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Shanley, J.B., Alisa, M., Campbell, K., Aiken, G., Krabbenhoft, D., Hunt, R.J., Walker, J., Schuster, P., Chalmers, A., Aulenbach, B., Peters, N., Marvin-DiPasquale, M., Clow, D.W., and Shafer, M., 2008, Comparison of total mercury and methylmercury cycling at five sites using the small watershed approach: Environmental Pollution, v. 154, no. 1, p. 143-154, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.031.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"154","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215050,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.031"}],"volume":"154","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8b5e4b0c8380cd4d246","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanley, J. B.","contributorId":52226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alisa, Mast M.","contributorId":43129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alisa","given":"Mast M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, K.","contributorId":63351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":433807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hunt, R. J.","contributorId":40164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Walker, J.F.","contributorId":86743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schuster, P. F.","contributorId":30197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"P. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Chalmers, A.","contributorId":96858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalmers","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T.","contributorId":62766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, M.","contributorId":28367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Clow, D. W.","contributorId":23531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Shafer, M.M.","contributorId":74893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafer","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70031926,"text":"70031926 - 2008 - Comparative study of transport processes of nitrogen, phosphorus, and herbicides to streams in five agricultural basins, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T14:42:48.514946","indexId":"70031926","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative study of transport processes of nitrogen, phosphorus, and herbicides to streams in five agricultural basins, USA","docAbstract":"Agricultural chemical transport to surface water and the linkage to other hydrological compartments, principally ground water, was investigated at five watersheds in semiarid to humid climatic settings. Chemical transport was affected by storm water runoff, soil drainage, irrigation, and how streams were linked to shallow ground water systems. Irrigation practices and timing of chemical use greatly affected nutrient and pesticide transport in the semiarid basins. Irrigation with imported water tended to increase ground water and chemical transport, whereas the use of locally pumped irrigation water may eliminate connections between streams and ground water, resulting in lower annual loads. Drainage pathways in humid environments are important because the loads may be transported in tile drains, or through varying combinations of ground water discharge, and overland flow. In most cases, overland flow contributed the greatest loads, but a significant portion of the annual load of nitrate and some pesticide degradates can be transported under base-flow conditions. The highest basin yields for nitrate were measured in a semiarid irrigated system that used imported water and in a stream dominated by tile drainage in a humid environment. Pesticide loads, as a percent of actual use (LAPU), showed the effects of climate and geohydrologic conditions. The LAPU values in the semiarid study basin in Washington were generally low because most of the load was transported in ground water discharge to the stream. When herbicides are applied during the rainy season in a semiarid setting, such as simazine in the California basin, LAPU values are similar to those in the Midwest basins. Copyright ?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0408","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Domagalski, J.L., Ator, S., Coupe, R., McCarthy, K., Lampe, D., Sandstrom, M.W., and Baker, N., 2008, Comparative study of transport processes of nitrogen, phosphorus, and herbicides to streams in five agricultural basins, USA: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 3, p. 1158-1169, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0408.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1158","endPage":"1169","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f82ae4b0c8380cd4cf01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ator, S. 0000-0002-9186-4837","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4837","contributorId":59645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ator","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coupe, R.","contributorId":11841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCarthy, K.","contributorId":48287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lampe, D.","contributorId":96105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lampe","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Baker, N.","contributorId":37975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70031760,"text":"70031760 - 2008 - Trace analysis of antidepressant pharmaceuticals and their select degradates in aquatic matrixes by LC/ESI/MS/MS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T18:18:42.712667","indexId":"70031760","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace analysis of antidepressant pharmaceuticals and their select degradates in aquatic matrixes by LC/ESI/MS/MS","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">Treated wastewater effluent is a potential environmental point source for antidepressant pharmaceuticals. A quantitative method was developed for the determination of trace levels of antidepressants in environmental aquatic matrixes using solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Recoveries of parent antidepressants from matrix spiking experiments for the individual antidepressants ranged from 72 to 118% at low concentrations (0.5 ng/L) and 70 to 118% at high concentrations (100 ng/L) for the solid-phase extraction method. Method detection limits for the individual antidepressant compounds ranged from 0.19 to 0.45 ng/L. The method was applied to wastewater effluent and samples collected from a wastewater-dominated stream. Venlafaxine was the predominant antidepressant observed in wastewater and river water samples. Individual antidepressant concentrations found in the wastewater effluent ranged from 3 (duloxetine) to 2190 ng/L (venlafaxine), whereas individual concentrations in the waste-dominated stream ranged from 0.72 (norfluoxetine) to 1310 ng/L (venlafaxine).</p></div></div><div class=\"hlFld-Fulltext\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/ac702154e","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Schultz, M., and Furlong, E., 2008, Trace analysis of antidepressant pharmaceuticals and their select degradates in aquatic matrixes by LC/ESI/MS/MS: Analytical Chemistry, v. 80, no. 5, p. 1756-1762, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac702154e.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1756","endPage":"1762","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":212516,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac702154e"},{"id":240011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb62fe4b08c986b326aea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schultz, M.M.","contributorId":18993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, E. T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030582,"text":"70030582 - 2008 - Dry down impacts on apple snail (Pomacea paludosa) demography: Implications for wetland water management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030582","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dry down impacts on apple snail (Pomacea paludosa) demography: Implications for wetland water management","docAbstract":"Florida apple snails (Pomacea paludosa Say) are prey for several wetland-dependent predators, most notably for the endangered Florida snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis Vieillot). Management concerns for kites have been raised regarding the impacts of wetland dry downs on snails, but little data exists to validate these concerns. We simulated drying events in experimental tanks, where we observed that snail survival patterns, regardless of hydrology, were driven by a post-reproductive die off. In contrast to earlier reports of little to no dry down tolerance, we found that 70% of pre-reproductive adult-sized snails survived a 12-week dry down. Smaller size classes of snails exhibited significantly lower survival rates (< 50% after eight weeks dry). Field surveys showed that 77% of egg production occurs in April-June. Our hydrologic analyses of six peninsular Florida wetlands showed that most dry downs overlapped a portion of the peak snail breeding season, and 70% of dry downs were ??? 12 weeks in duration. Dry down timing can affect recruitment by truncating annual egg production and stranding juveniles. Dry down survival rates and seasonal patterns of egg cluster production helped define a range of hydrologic conditions that support robust apple snail populations, and illustrate why multiple characteristics of dry down events should be considered in developing target hydrologic regimes for wetland fauna. ?? 2008, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/07-115.1","issn":"02775","usgsCitation":"Darby, P., Bennetts, R., and Percival, H., 2008, Dry down impacts on apple snail (Pomacea paludosa) demography: Implications for wetland water management: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 1, p. 204-214, https://doi.org/10.1672/07-115.1.","startPage":"204","endPage":"214","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211728,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/07-115.1"},{"id":239073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0402e4b0c8380cd5073b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darby, P.C.","contributorId":101044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darby","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennetts, R.E.","contributorId":103214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennetts","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Percival, H.F.","contributorId":31716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Percival","given":"H.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031920,"text":"70031920 - 2008 - Temporal downscaling of decadal sediment load estimates to a daily interval for use in hindcast simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T09:50:12","indexId":"70031920","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal downscaling of decadal sediment load estimates to a daily interval for use in hindcast simulations","docAbstract":"In this study we used hydrologic proxies to develop a daily sediment load time-series, which agrees with decadal sediment load estimates, when integrated. Hindcast simulations of bathymetric change in estuaries require daily sediment loads from major tributary rivers, to capture the episodic delivery of sediment during multi-day freshwater flow pulses. Two independent decadal sediment load estimates are available for the Sacramento/San Joaquin River Delta, California prior to 1959, but they must be downscaled to a daily interval for use in hindcast models. Daily flow and sediment load data to the Delta are available after 1930 and 1959, respectively, but bathymetric change simulations for San Francisco Bay prior to this require a method to generate daily sediment load estimates into the Delta. We used two historical proxies, monthly rainfall and unimpaired flow magnitudes, to generate monthly unimpaired flows to the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta for the 1851-1929 period. This step generated the shape of the monthly hydrograph. These historical monthly flows were compared to unimpaired monthly flows from the modern era (1967-1987), and a least-squares metric selected a modern water year analogue for each historical water year. The daily hydrograph for the modern analogue was then assigned to the historical year and scaled to match the flow volume estimated by dendrochronology methods, providing the correct total flow for the year. We applied a sediment rating curve to this time-series of daily flows, to generate daily sediment loads for 1851-1958. The rating curve was calibrated with the two independent decadal sediment load estimates, over two distinct periods. This novel technique retained the timing and magnitude of freshwater flows and sediment loads, without damping variability or net sediment loads to San Francisco Bay. The time-series represents the hydraulic mining period with sustained periods of increased sediment loads, and a dramatic decrease after 1910, corresponding to a reduction in available mining debris. The analogue selection procedure also permits exploration of the morphological hydrograph concept, where a limited set of hydrographs is used to simulate the same bathymetric change as the actual set of hydrographs. The final daily sediment load time-series and morphological hydrograph concept will be applied as landward boundary conditions for hindcasting simulations of bathymetric change in San Francisco Bay.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.026","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Ganju, N., Knowles, N., and Schoellhamer, D., 2008, Temporal downscaling of decadal sediment load estimates to a daily interval for use in hindcast simulations: Journal of Hydrology, v. 349, no. 3-4, p. 512-523, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.026.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"512","endPage":"523","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":" California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento/San Joaquin River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.00292968749999,\n              40.329795743702064\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.78320312499999,\n              39.99395569397331\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.6513671875,\n              39.30029918615029\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.40966796874999,\n              38.44498466889473\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.81640624999999,\n              37.92686760148135\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.48681640624999,\n              37.59682400108367\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.37695312499999,\n              37.142803443716836\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.9814453125,\n              36.527294814546245\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.82763671875,\n              36.10237644873644\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.56396484375,\n              35.567980458012094\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.83886718750001,\n              34.939985151560435\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.828125,\n              34.813803317113155\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.6083984375,\n              35.17380831799959\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.6083984375,\n              35.746512259918504\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.71826171875,\n              36.29741818650811\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.06982421874999,\n              36.82687474287728\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.77294921874999,\n              37.405073750176925\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.34423828125,\n              37.78808138412046\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.76171875,\n              38.28993659801203\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.46484375,\n              39.45316112807394\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6845703125,\n              39.842286020743394\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.05810546875,\n              40.66397287638688\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.36572265625,\n              40.81380923056958\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.73925781250001,\n              40.56389453066509\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.00292968749999,\n              40.329795743702064\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"349","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba509e4b08c986b32076d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ganju, N. K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":64782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"N. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knowles, N.","contributorId":61212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032970,"text":"70032970 - 2008 - Mass balance and isotope effects during nitrogen transport through septic tank systems with packed-bed (sand) filters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:21:53","indexId":"70032970","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mass balance and isotope effects during nitrogen transport through septic tank systems with packed-bed (sand) filters","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id8\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id9\"><p><span>Septic tank&nbsp;systems are an important source of NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;to many&nbsp;aquifers, yet characterization of N mass balance and isotope systematics following septic tank&nbsp;effluent&nbsp;discharge into unsaturated sediments has received limited attention. In this study, samples of septic tank effluent before and after transport through single-pass packed-bed filters (sand filters) were evaluated to elucidate mass balance and&nbsp;isotope effects&nbsp;associated with septic tank effluent discharge to unsaturated sediments. Chemical and isotopic data from five newly installed pairs and ten established pairs of septic tanks and packed-bed filters serving single homes in Oregon indicate that aqueous solute concentrations are affected by variations in recharge (precipitation, evapotranspiration), NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;sorption&nbsp;(primarily in immature systems),&nbsp;nitrification, and gaseous N loss via NH</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;volatilization&nbsp;and(or) N</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>or N<sub>2</sub>O release during nitrification/denitrification. Substantial NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>sorption capacity was also observed in laboratory columns with synthetic effluent. Septic tank effluent<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N–NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>values were almost constant and averaged +&nbsp;4.9‰&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.4‰ (1<span>&nbsp;</span><i>σ</i>). In contrast,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N values of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>leaving mature packed-bed filters were variable (+&nbsp;0.8 to +&nbsp;14.4‰) and averaged +&nbsp;7.2‰&nbsp;±&nbsp;2.6‰. Net N loss in the two networks of packed-bed filters was indicated by average 10–30% decreases in Cl<sup>−</sup>-normalized N concentrations and 2–3‰ increases in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup><span>N, consistent with&nbsp;fractionation&nbsp;accompanying gaseous N losses and corroborating established links between septic tank effluent and NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in a local, shallow aquifer. Values of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O–NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>leaving mature packed-bed filters ranged from −&nbsp;10.2 to −&nbsp;2.3‰ (mean −&nbsp;6.4‰&nbsp;±&nbsp;1.8‰), and were intermediate between a 2/3 H<sub>2</sub>O–O&nbsp;+&nbsp;1/3 O<sub>2</sub>–O conceptualization and a 100% H<sub>2</sub>O–O conceptualization of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O–NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>generation during nitrification.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.08.036","issn":"00489","usgsCitation":"Hinkle, S., Böhlke, J., and Fisher, L., 2008, Mass balance and isotope effects during nitrogen transport through septic tank systems with packed-bed (sand) filters: Science of the Total Environment, v. 407, no. 1, p. 324-332, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.08.036.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"324","endPage":"332","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213451,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.08.036"},{"id":241077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"407","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5245e4b0c8380cd6c2b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkle, S.R.","contributorId":74778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, L.H.","contributorId":34725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033032,"text":"70033032 - 2008 - Characteristics of mangrove swamps managed for mosquito control in eastern Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-26T09:20:26","indexId":"70033032","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics of mangrove swamps managed for mosquito control in eastern Florida, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Manipulations of the vegetation and hydrology of wetlands for mosquito control are common worldwide, but these modifications may affect vital ecosystem processes. To control mosquitoes in mangrove swamps in eastern Florida, managers have used rotational impoundment management (RIM) as an alternative to the worldwide practice of mosquito ditching. Levees surround RIM swamps, and water is pumped into the impoundment during the summer, a season when natural swamps have low water levels. In the New World, these mosquito-managed swamps resemble the mixed basin type of mangrove swamp (based on PCA analysis). An assessment was made of RIM, natural (control), and breached-RIM (restored) swamps in eastern Florida to compare their structural complexities, soil development, and resistance to invasion. Regarding structural complexity, dominant species composition differed between these swamps; the red mangrove&nbsp;</span><i>Rhizophora mangle</i><span>&nbsp;occurred at a higher relative density in RIM and breached-RIM swamps, and the black mangrove&nbsp;</span><i>Avicennia germinans</i><span>&nbsp;had a higher relative density in natural swamps. Tree density and canopy cover were higher and tree height lower in RIM swamps than in natural and breached-RIM swamps. Soil organic matter in RIM swamps was twice that in natural or breached-RIM swamps. RIM swamps had a lower resistance to invasion by the Brazilian pepper tree&nbsp;</span><i>Schinus terebinthifolius</i><span>, which is likely attributable to the lower porewater salinity in RIM swamps. These characteristics may reflect differences in important ecosystem processes (primary production, trophic structure, nutrient cycling, decomposition). Comparative assessments of managed wetlands are vital for land managers, so that they can make informed decisions compatible with conservation objectives.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.3354/meps07683","issn":"01718","usgsCitation":"Middleton, B., Devlin, D., Proffitt, E., McKee, K., and Cretini, K., 2008, Characteristics of mangrove swamps managed for mosquito control in eastern Florida, USA: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 371, p. 117-129, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07683.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476800,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07683","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"371","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f49be4b0c8380cd4bdfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Middleton, B. 0000-0002-1220-2326","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":29939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Devlin, D.","contributorId":22156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devlin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Proffitt, E.","contributorId":36758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Proffitt","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKee, Karen 0000-0001-7042-670X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":69273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Karen","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cretini, K.F. 0000-0003-0419-0748","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0419-0748","contributorId":55922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cretini","given":"K.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035573,"text":"70035573 - 2008 - Middle to late cenozoic geology, hydrography, and fish evolution in the American Southwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035573","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Middle to late cenozoic geology, hydrography, and fish evolution in the American Southwest","docAbstract":"An evaluation of the poorly understood Cenozoic hydrologic history of the American Southwest using combined geological and biological data yields new insights with implications for tectonic evolution. The Mesozoic Cordilleran orogen next to the continental margin of southwestern North America probably formed the continental divide. Mountain building migrated eastward to cause uplift of the Rocky Mountains during the Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary Laramide orogeny. Closed drainage basins that developed between the two mountain belts trapped lake waters containing fish of Atlantic affinity. Oligocene-Miocene tectonic extension fragmented the western mountain belt and created abundant closed basins that gradually filled with sediments and became conduits for dispersal of fishes of both Pacific and Atlantic affinity. Abrupt arrival of the modern Colorado River to the Mojave-Sonora Desert region at ca. 5 Ma provided a new conduit for fish dispersal. Great dissimilarities in modern fish fauna, including differences in their mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), indicate that late Miocene runoff from the Colorado Plateau did not flow down the Platte or Rio Grande, or through the Lake Bonneville Basin. Fossil fishes from the upper Miocene part of the Bidahochi Formation on the Colorado Plateau have characteristics that reflect a habitat of large, swift-moving waters, and they are closely related to fossil fishes associated with the Snake and Sacramento Rivers. This evidence suggests that influx of fishes from the ancestral Snake River involved a major drainage, not merely small headwater transfers. ?? 2008 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2008.2439(12)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Spencer, J., Smith, G., and Dowling, T., 2008, Middle to late cenozoic geology, hydrography, and fish evolution in the American Southwest, <i>in</i> Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 439, p. 279-299, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(12).","startPage":"279","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216337,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(12)"},{"id":244200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"439","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56ece4b0c8380cd6d906","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spencer, J.E.","contributorId":91542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, G.R.","contributorId":97038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dowling, T.E.","contributorId":38935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowling","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031905,"text":"70031905 - 2008 - Biomarkers of mercury exposure at a mercury recycling facility in Ukraine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:00:42","indexId":"70031905","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2404,"text":"Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomarkers of mercury exposure at a mercury recycling facility in Ukraine","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract test\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>This study evaluates biomarkers of occupational mercury exposure among workers at a mercury recycling operation in Gorlovka, Ukraine. The 29 study participants were divided into three occupational categories for analysis: (1) those who worked in the mercury recycling operation (Group A, n = 8), (2) those who worked at the facility but not in the yard where the recycling was done (Group B, n = 14), and (3) those who did not work at the facility (Group C, n = 7). Urine, blood, hair, and nail samples were collected from the participants, and a questionnaire was administered to obtain data on age, gender, occupational history, smoking, alcohol consumption, fish consumption, tattoos, dental amalgams, home heating system, education, source of drinking water, and family employment in the former mercury mine/smelter located on the site of the recycling facility. Each factor was tested in a univariate regression with total mercury in urine, blood, hair, and nails. Median biomarker concentrations were 4.04 μg/g-Cr (urine), 2.58 μg/L (blood), 3.95 μg/g (hair), and 1.16 μg/g (nails). Occupational category was significantly correlated (p &lt; 0.001) with both blood and urinary mercury concentrations but not with hair or nail mercury. Four individuals had urinary mercury concentrations in a range previously found to be associated with subtle neurological and subjective symptoms (e.g., fatigue, loss of appetite, irritability), and one worker had a urinary mercury concentration in a range associated with a high probability of neurological effects and proteinuria. Comparison of results by occupational category found that workers directly involved with the recycling operation had the highest blood and urinary mercury levels. Those who worked at the facility but were not directly involved with the recycling operation had higher levels than those who did not work at the facility.</p></div></div><div class=\"abstractKeywords\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/15459620802174432","issn":"15459624","usgsCitation":"Gibb, H., Kozlov, K., Buckley, J., Centeno, J., Jurgenson, V., Kolker, A., Conko, K., Landa, E., Panov, B., Panov, Y., and Xu, H., 2008, Biomarkers of mercury exposure at a mercury recycling facility in Ukraine: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, v. 5, no. 8, p. 483-489, https://doi.org/10.1080/15459620802174432.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"483","endPage":"489","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215021,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620802174432"}],"volume":"5","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f189e4b0c8380cd4acae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibb, H.J.","contributorId":41666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibb","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kozlov, K.","contributorId":56877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozlov","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buckley, J.P.","contributorId":105548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Centeno, J.","contributorId":103481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Centeno","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jurgenson, V.","contributorId":88968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgenson","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kolker, A. 0000-0002-5768-4533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":10947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Conko, K. 0000-0001-6361-4921","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6361-4921","contributorId":67313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conko","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Landa, E.","contributorId":49200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Panov, B.","contributorId":16669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panov","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Panov, Y.","contributorId":30470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panov","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Xu, H.","contributorId":83331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70030644,"text":"70030644 - 2008 - The role of hydrologic regimes on dissolved organic carbon composition in an agricultural watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T11:36:50","indexId":"70030644","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of hydrologic regimes on dissolved organic carbon composition in an agricultural watershed","docAbstract":"Willow Slough, a seasonally irrigated agricultural watershed in the Sacramento River valley, California, was sampled weekly in 2006 in order to investigate seasonal concentrations and compositions of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Average DOC concentrations nearly doubled from winter baseflow (2.75 mg L-1) to summer irrigation (5.14 mg L-1), while a concomitant increase in carbon-normalized vanillyl phenols (0.11 mg 100 mg OC-1 increasing to 0.31 mg 100 mg OC-1, on average) indicates that this additional carbon is likely vascular plant-derived. A strong linear relationship between lignin concentration and total suspended sediments (r2 = 0.79) demonstrates that agricultural management practices that mobilize sediments will likely have a direct and significant impact on DOC composition. The original source of vascular plant-derived DOC to Willow Slough appears to be the same throughout the year as evidenced by similar syringyl to vanillyl and cinnamyl to vanillyl ratios. However, differing diagenetic pathways during winter baseflow as compared to the rest of the year are evident in acid to aldehyde ratios of both vanillyl and syringyl phenols. The chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption coefficient at 350 nm showed a strong correlation with lignin concentration (r2 = 0.83). Other CDOM measurements related to aromaticity and molecular weight also showed correlations with carbon-normalized yields (e.g. specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (r2 = 0.57) and spectral slope (r2 = 0.54)). Our overall findings suggest that irrigated agricultural watersheds like Willow Slough can potentially have a significant impact on mainstem DOC concentration and composition when scaled to the entire watershed of the main tributary. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2008.07.031","issn":"00167","usgsCitation":"Hernes, P., Spencer, R., Dyda, R., Pellerin, B., Bachand, P., and Bergamaschi, B., 2008, The role of hydrologic regimes on dissolved organic carbon composition in an agricultural watershed: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 72, no. 21, p. 5266-5277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.07.031.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"5266","endPage":"5277","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212079,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.07.031"}],"volume":"72","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf77e4b08c986b3247fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hernes, P.J.","contributorId":89651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernes","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spencer, R.G.M.","contributorId":60361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"R.G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dyda, R.Y.","contributorId":59630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyda","given":"R.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pellerin, B.A.","contributorId":81233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bachand, P.A.M.","contributorId":9857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachand","given":"P.A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bergamaschi, B.A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":22401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035374,"text":"70035374 - 2008 - Late Quaternary MIS 6-8 shoreline features of pluvial Owens Lake, Owens Valley, eastern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035374","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Late Quaternary MIS 6-8 shoreline features of pluvial Owens Lake, Owens Valley, eastern California","docAbstract":"The chronologic history of pluvial Owens Lake along the eastern Sierra Nevada in Owens Valley, California, has previously been reported for the interval of time from ca. 25 calibrated ka to the present. However, the age, distribution, and paleoclimatic context of higher-elevation shoreline features have not been formally documented. We describe the location and characteristics of wave-formed erosional and depositional features, as well as fluvial strath terraces that grade into an older shoreline of pluvial Owens Lake. These pluvial-lacustrine features are described between the Olancha area to the south and Poverty Hills area to the north, and they appear to be vertically deformed -20 ?? 4 m across the active oblique-dextral Owens Valley fault zone. They occur at elevations from 1176 to 1182 m along the lower flanks of the Inyo Mountains and Coso Range east of the fault zone to as high as -1204 m west of the fault zone. This relict shoreline, referred to as the 1180 m shoreline, lies -20-40 m higher than the previously documented Last Glacial Maximum shoreline at -1160 m, which occupied the valley during marine isotope stage 2 (MIS 2). Crosscutting relations of wave-formed platforms, notches, and sandy beach deposits, as well as strath terraces on lava flows of the Big Pine volcanic field, bracket the age of the 1180 m shoreline to the time interval between ca. 340 ?? 60 ka and ca. 130 ?? 50 ka. This interval includes marine oxygen isotope stages 8-6 (MIS 8-6), corresponding to 260-240 ka and 185-130 ka, respectively. An additional age estimate for this shoreline is provided by a cosmogenic <sup>36</sup>Cl model age of ca. 160 ?? 32 ka on reefal tufa at ???1170 m elevation from the southeastern margin of the valley. This <sup>36</sup>Cl model age corroborates the constraining ages based on dated lava flows and refines the lake age to the MIS 6 interval. Documentation of this larger pluvial Owens Lake offers insight to the hydrologic balance along the east side of the southern Sierra Nevada and will assist with future regional paleoclimatic models within the western Basin and Range. ?? 2008 The Geo logical Society of America.","largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2008.2439(08)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Jayko, A.S., and Bacon, S., 2008, Late Quaternary MIS 6-8 shoreline features of pluvial Owens Lake, Owens Valley, eastern California, <i>in</i> Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 439, p. 185-206, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(08).","startPage":"185","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215344,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(08)"}],"issue":"439","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4522e4b0c8380cd67073","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jayko, A. S. 0000-0002-7378-0330","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-0330","contributorId":18011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jayko","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacon, S.N.","contributorId":41636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"S.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030236,"text":"70030236 - 2008 - Mercury, trace elements and organic constituents in atmospheric fine particulate matter, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA: A combined approach to sampling and analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T07:35:30","indexId":"70030236","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1822,"text":"Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury, trace elements and organic constituents in atmospheric fine particulate matter, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA: A combined approach to sampling and analysis","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Compliance with U.S. air quality regulatory standards for atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) is based on meeting average 24 hour (35 μ m<sup>−3</sup>) and yearly (15 μg m<sup>−3</sup>) mass‐per‐unit‐volume limits, regardless of PM<sub>2.5</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>composition. Whereas this presents a workable regulatory framework, information on particle composition is needed to assess the fate and transport of PM<sub>2.5</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and determine potential environmental/human health impacts. To address these important non‐regulatory issues an integrated approach is generally used that includes (1) field sampling of atmospheric particulate matter on filter media, using a size‐limiting cyclone, or with no particle‐size limitation; and (2) chemical extraction of exposed filters and analysis of separate particulate‐bound fractions for total mercury, trace elements and organic constituents, utilising different USGS laboratories optimised for quantitative analysis of these substances. This combination of sampling and analysis allowed for a more detailed interpretation of PM<sub>2.5</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>sources and potential effects, compared to measurements of PM<sub>2.5</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>abundance alone. Results obtained using this combined approach are presented for a 2006 air sampling campaign in Shenandoah National Park (Virginia, USA) to assess sources of atmospheric contaminants and their potential impact on air quality in the Park. PM<sub>2.5</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>was collected at two sampling sites (Big Meadows and Pinnacles) separated by 13.6 km. At both sites, element concentrations in PM<sub>25</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>were low, consistent with remote or rural locations. However, element/Zr crustal abundance enrichment factors greater than 10, indicating anthropogenic input, were found for Hg, Se, S, Sb, Cd, Pb, Mo, Zn and Cu, listed in decreasing order of enrichment. Principal component analysis showed that four element associations accounted for 84% of the PM<sub>2.5</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>trace element variation; these associations are interpreted to represent: (1) crustal sources (Al, REE); (2) coal combustion (Se, Sb), (3) metal production and/or mobile sources (Mo, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn) and (4) a transient marine source (Sr, Mg). Concentrations of Hg in PM<sub>2.5</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>at background levels in the single pg m<sup>−3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>were shown by collection and analysis of PM<sub>2.5</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>on filters and by an automated speciation analyser set up at the Big Meadows air quality site. The speciation unit revealed periodic elevation of reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) that co‐occurred with peaks in SO<sub>2</sub>, indicating an anthropogenic source. GC/MS total ion current chromatograms for the two sites were quite similar indicating that organic signatures were regional in extent and/or that the same compounds were present locally at each site. Calculated carbon preference index values for<span>&nbsp;</span><i>n</i>‐alkanes indicated that plant waxes rather than anthropogenic sources, were the dominant alkane source. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected, with a predominance of non‐alkylated, and higher molecular weight PAHs in this fraction, suggestive of a combustion source (fossil fuel or forest fires).</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-908X.2008.00913.x","issn":"16394","usgsCitation":"Kolker, A., Engle, M., Orem, W., Bunnell, J., Lerch, H., Krabbenhoft, D., Olson, M., and McCord, J., 2008, Mercury, trace elements and organic constituents in atmospheric fine particulate matter, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA: A combined approach to sampling and analysis: Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, v. 32, no. 3, p. 279-293, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2008.00913.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"293","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211712,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2008.00913.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park ","volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5437e4b0c8380cd6cefa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolker, A. 0000-0002-5768-4533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":10947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engle, M.A. 0000-0001-5258-7374","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":55144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orem, W. H. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":93084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bunnell, J.E.","contributorId":63512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lerch, H.E.","contributorId":100371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lerch","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Olson, M.L.","contributorId":21989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McCord, J.D.","contributorId":74199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCord","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70031894,"text":"70031894 - 2008 - Limited occurrence of denitrification in four shallow aquifers in agricultural areas of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-08T15:24:28.191024","indexId":"70031894","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limited occurrence of denitrification in four shallow aquifers in agricultural areas of the United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>The ability of natural attenuation to mitigate agricultural nitrate contamination in recharging aquifers was investigated in four important agricultural settings in the United States. The study used laboratory analyses, field measurements, and flow and transport modeling for monitoring well transects (0.5 to 2.5 km in length) in the San Joaquin watershed, California, the Elkhorn watershed, Nebraska, the Yakima watershed, Washington, and the Chester watershed, Maryland. Ground water analyses included major ion chemistry, dissolved gases, nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes, and estimates of recharge date. Sediment analyses included potential electron donors and stable nitrogen and carbon isotopes. Within each site and among aquifer-based medians, dissolved oxygen decreases with ground water age, and excess N</span><sub>2</sub><span> from denitrification increases with age. Stable isotopes and excess N</span><sub>2</sub><span> imply minimal denitrifying activity at the Maryland and Washington sites, partial denitrification at the California site, and total denitrification across portions of the Nebraska site. At all sites, recharging electron donor concentrations are not sufficient to account for the losses of dissolved oxygen and nitrate, implying that relict, solid phase electron donors drive redox reactions. Zero-order rates of denitrification range from 0 to 0.14 μmol N L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, comparable to observations of other studies using the same methods. Many values reported in the literature are, however, orders of magnitude higher, which is attributed to a combination of method limitations and bias for selection of sites with rapid denitrification. In the shallow aquifers below these agricultural fields, denitrification is limited in extent and will require residence times of decades or longer to mitigate modern nitrate contamination.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2006.0419","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Green, C., Puckett, L., Böhlke, J., Bekins, B., Phillips, S., Kauffman, L.J., Denver, J.M., and Johnson, H., 2008, Limited occurrence of denitrification in four shallow aquifers in agricultural areas of the United States: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 3, p. 994-1009, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0419.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"994","endPage":"1009","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242623,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4791e4b0c8380cd678d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, C.T.","contributorId":73785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Puckett, L.J.","contributorId":27503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bekins, B.A.","contributorId":98309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Phillips, S.P.","contributorId":38172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kauffman, L. J. 0000-0003-4564-0362","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":65217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":433619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Denver, J. M.","contributorId":100356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denver","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Johnson, H.M. 0000-0002-7571-4994","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-4994","contributorId":75339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"H.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70035197,"text":"70035197 - 2008 - Sensitivity of wetland saturated hydraulic heads and water budgets to evapotranspiration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035197","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of wetland saturated hydraulic heads and water budgets to evapotranspiration","docAbstract":"The sensitivity of wetland saturated hydraulic heads and water budgets to evapotranspiration (ET) was examined using a simplified hydrologic model and eight representations of ET. Estimates of ET that created the most reliable wetland saturated hydraulic heads and water budgets employed vegetation coefficients to correct potential ET, calculated by the Priestley-Taylor equation, to actual ET. The accuracy of simulated hydraulic heads generally improved by &lt; 1 cm, however, when using the most reliable ET estimates based on vegetation coefficients. An ET estimate that used a regression-defined extinction depth created substantial errors in simulated water budgets. Specifically, the extinction-depth ET overestimated the annual actual ET by about 40 (400 mm). An ET approximation that overestimates actual ET by 400 mm annually applied in a regional hydrologic model over the 5400 km<sup>2</sup> area of Everglades National Park would underestimate the annual volume of water available for ground-water recharge and surface-water runoff to coastal estuaries by 2.3 billion m<sup>3</sup>. For comparison, this underestimation is about two thirds of the mean volume of water in Lake Okeechobee (3.8 billion m<sup>3</sup>), the largest lake in Florida, and clearly demonstrates unbiased estimates of ET are necessary for reliably simulating wetland water budgets. ?? 2008 The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/08-105.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Shoemaker, W., Huddleston, S., Boudreau, C., and O’Reilly, A.M., 2008, Sensitivity of wetland saturated hydraulic heads and water budgets to evapotranspiration: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 4, p. 1040-1047, https://doi.org/10.1672/08-105.1.","startPage":"1040","endPage":"1047","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215152,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/08-105.1"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d3ae4b08c986b3182e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shoemaker, W.B. 0000-0002-7680-377X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7680-377X","contributorId":51889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huddleston, S.","contributorId":107122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huddleston","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boudreau, C.L.","contributorId":6681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boudreau","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Reilly, A. M.","contributorId":71219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Reilly","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032911,"text":"70032911 - 2008 - Occurrence and turnover of nitric oxide in a nitrogen-impacted sand and gravel aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:02:45","indexId":"70032911","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence and turnover of nitric oxide in a nitrogen-impacted sand and gravel aquifer","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">Little is known about nitric oxide (NO) production or consumption in the subsurface, an environment which may be conducive to NO accumulation. A study conducted in a nitrogen-contaminated aquifer on Cape Cod, Massachusetts assessed the occurrence and turnover of NO within a contaminant plume in which nitrification and denitrification were known to occur. NO (up to 8.6 nM) was detected in restricted vertical zones located within a nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) gradient and characterized by low dissolved oxygen (&lt;10 μM). NO concentrations correlated best with nitrite (NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>) (up to 35 μM), but nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) (up to 1 μM) also was present. Single-well injection tests were used to determine NO production and consumption in situ within these zones. First-order rate constants for NO consumption were similar (0.05−0.08 h<sup>−1</sup>) at high and low (260 and 10 nM) NO concentrations, suggesting a turnover time at in situ concentrations of 10−20 h. Tracer tests with<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>N[NO] demonstrated that oxidation to<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>N[NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>] occurred only during the initial stages, but after 4 h reduction to<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>N[N<sub>2</sub>O] was the primary reaction product. Added NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>(31 μM) or NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>(53 μM) resulted in a linear NO accumulation at 2.4 and 1.0 nM h<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>for the first 6 h of in situ tests. These results suggest that NO was primarily produced by denitrification within this aquifer.</p></div></div><div class=\"hlFld-Fulltext\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es801290v","issn":"00139","usgsCitation":"Smith, R.L., and Yoshinari, T., 2008, Occurrence and turnover of nitric oxide in a nitrogen-impacted sand and gravel aquifer: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 42, no. 22, p. 8245-8251, https://doi.org/10.1021/es801290v.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"8245","endPage":"8251","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213545,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es801290v"}],"volume":"42","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b86e4b0c8380cd74752","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":438477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yoshinari, T.","contributorId":56391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshinari","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035358,"text":"70035358 - 2008 - Do beavers promote the invasion of non-native Tamarix in the Grand Canyon riparian zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035358","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do beavers promote the invasion of non-native Tamarix in the Grand Canyon riparian zone","docAbstract":"Beavers (Castor canadensis Kuhl) can influence the competitive dynamics of plant species through selective foraging, collection of materials for dam creation, and alteration of hydrologic conditions. In the Grand Canyon National Park, the native Salix gooddingii C.R.Ball (Goodding's willow) and Salix exigua Nutt. (coyote willow) are a staple food of beavers. Because Salix competes with the invasive Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb., land mangers are concerned that beavers may cause an increase in Tamarix through selective foraging of Salix. A spatial analysis was conducted to assess whether the presence of beavers correlates with the relative abundance of Salix and Tamarix. These methods were designed to detect a system-wide effect of selective beaver foraging in this large study area (367 linear km of riparian habitat). Beavers, Salix, and Tamarix co-occurred at the broadest scales because they occupied similar riparian habitat, particularly geomorphic reaches of low and moderate resistivity. Once the affinity of Salix for particular reach types was accounted for, the presence of Salix was independent of beaver distribution. However, there was a weak positive association between beaver presence and Salix cover. Salix was limited to geomorphic settings with greater sinuosity and distinct terraces, while Tamarix occurred in sinuous and straighter sections of river channel (cliffs, channel margins) where it dominated the woody species composition. After accounting for covariates representing river geomorphology, the proportion of riparian surfaces covered by Tamarix was significantly greater for sites where beavers were present. This indicates that either Tamarix and beavers co-occur in similar habitats, beavers prefer habitats that have high Tamarix cover, or beavers contribute to Tamarix dominance through selective use of its native woody competitors. The hypothesis that beaver herbivory contributes to Tamarix dominance should be considered further through more mechanistic studies of beaver foraging processes and long-term plant community response. ?? 2008 The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/07-142.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Mortenson, S., Weisberg, P., and Ralston, B., 2008, Do beavers promote the invasion of non-native Tamarix in the Grand Canyon riparian zone: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 3, p. 666-675, https://doi.org/10.1672/07-142.1.","startPage":"666","endPage":"675","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215553,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/07-142.1"},{"id":243365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a035de4b0c8380cd5044f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mortenson, S.G.","contributorId":75351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mortenson","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weisberg, P.J.","contributorId":68555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weisberg","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ralston, B.E.","contributorId":61662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralston","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031887,"text":"70031887 - 2008 - In situ estimation of the effective chemical diffusion coefficient of a rock matrix in a fractured aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-17T19:26:25.312435","indexId":"70031887","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ estimation of the effective chemical diffusion coefficient of a rock matrix in a fractured aquifer","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\"><span>An in situ method of estimating the effective diffusion coefficient for a chemical constituent that diffuses into the primary porosity of a rock is developed by abruptly changing the concentration of the dissolved constituent in a borehole in contact with the rock matrix and monitoring the time-varying concentration. The experiment was conducted in a borehole completed in mudstone on the campus of the University of the Free State in Bloemfontein, South Africa. Numerous tracer tests were conducted at this site, which left a residual concentration of sodium chloride in boreholes that diffused into the rock matrix over a period of years. Fresh water was introduced into a borehole in contact with the mudstone, and the time-varying increase of chloride was observed by monitoring the electrical conductivity (EC) at various depths in the borehole. Estimates of the effective diffusion coefficient were obtained by interpreting measurements of EC over 34&nbsp;d. The effective diffusion coefficient at a depth of 36&nbsp;m was approximately 7.8×10</span><sup>−6</sup><span>&nbsp;m</span><sup>2</sup><span>/d, but was sensitive to the assumed matrix porosity. The formation factor and mass flux for the mudstone were also estimated from the experiment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-007-0255-0","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Gebrekristos, R., Shapiro, A., and Usher, B., 2008, In situ estimation of the effective chemical diffusion coefficient of a rock matrix in a fractured aquifer: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 16, no. 4, p. 629-639, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-007-0255-0.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"629","endPage":"639","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"South Africa","city":"Bloemfontein","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              26.03759765625,\n              -29.288794393648296\n            ],\n            [\n              26.42486572265625,\n              -29.288794393648296\n            ],\n            [\n              26.42486572265625,\n              -28.969700808694157\n            ],\n            [\n              26.03759765625,\n              -28.969700808694157\n            ],\n            [\n              26.03759765625,\n              -29.288794393648296\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a399fe4b0c8380cd619a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gebrekristos, R.A.","contributorId":25830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gebrekristos","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shapiro, A.M. 0000-0002-6425-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":88384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":433595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Usher, B.H.","contributorId":81763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usher","given":"B.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}