Among the most prominent physiographic features of southern Alaska are a series of nested arcuate lineations, including the Denali fault, that parallel the concave-southward southern coastline of the state. These features are generally interpreted as major dextral shear zones that formed in the Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary in response to stresses imposed on the western edge of North America by transcurrent motion and oblique subduction along the North American margin.
South-central Alaska consists of a collage of Paleozoic and Mesozoic tectonostratigraphic terranes and overlap assemblages. Following accretion to the continent, these terranes were transported northward along its margin along strike-slip faults such as the ancestral Denali fault that formed by oblique subduction. The terranes would have arrived at about their present position by Eocene time. It is commonly held that southwestern Alaska rotated into its present configuration by the middle Eocene, in response to impingement of northeast Asia against western Alaska, to form the southern Alaska orocline. Subsequent to this rotation during the middle and late Tertiary, southern Alaska terranes were presumably transported through the Alaska orocline by continued dextral movement along faults on the east limb of the orocline, such as the Denali and Tintina.
Both initial bending of the crust to form the orocline and subsequent transport of crust through the orocline would result in significant crustal shortening within the bend. A model is suggested herein whereby shortening is accommodated by a system of secondary, northeast-trending thrust faults. The distribution of these faults shows a consistent pattern within the bend: the faults appear to splay off at or near the major dextral shear zones and generally occur west of the orocline’s axis. That these faults occur where deformation would be greatest to crust driven through the bend suggests that the faults are directly related to crustal dynamics within the bend. If this model is correct, one may infer the sense and timing of motion along many faults that otherwise lack or have limited documented histories.
The interaction of strike-slip and thrust faults suggested by the model is reflected in the rupture sequence of the November 3, 2002, M7.9 Denali earthquake, which involved both initiation of slip along a previously unknown east-northeast–trending thrust fault and subsequent strike-slip motion along the McKinley strand of the east-west–trending Denali fault. This event is likely due, in part, to stresses imposed by accretion of the Yakutat terrane that is presently working its way into the bend of the orocline and deforming as a result of collision. Faulting along the western margin of the Yakutat terrane resembles that seen in central Alaska within the hinge of the bend. As such, it likely represents a present-day analog for crustal deformation associated with the orocline and may therefore provide clues to earlier stages of crustal deformation in central Alaska.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Orogenic curvature: Integrating paleomagnetic and structural analyses","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2383-3(2004)383[161:AKMFTS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Glen, J.M., 2004, A kinematic model for the southern Alaska orocline based on regional fault patterns, chap. of Orogenic curvature: Integrating paleomagnetic and structural analyses: Special Papers of the Geological Society of America, v. 383, p. 161-172, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2383-3(2004)383[161:AKMFTS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"172","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":412234,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Talkeetna Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.6558865053694,\n 61.62511631782783\n ],\n [\n -149.454401539696,\n 61.6384125473397\n ],\n [\n -149.01225397613476,\n 61.68092209678608\n ],\n [\n -148.42458949292046,\n 61.78164813521394\n ],\n [\n -148.20071730883896,\n 61.78694038774481\n ],\n [\n -148.0104259523696,\n 61.77635497156183\n ],\n [\n -147.84252181430827,\n 61.797522159888814\n ],\n [\n -147.46193910136952,\n 61.79223172926589\n ],\n [\n -147.2828413541042,\n 61.85037639130303\n ],\n [\n -147.0197915378083,\n 61.968965984895846\n ],\n [\n -147.04217875621652,\n 62.11066740735515\n ],\n [\n -146.98621071019616,\n 62.36614731645247\n ],\n [\n -147.10934041144094,\n 62.742762817680386\n ],\n [\n -147.0925499976348,\n 62.92928859566922\n ],\n [\n -147.39477744614544,\n 63.03606941046891\n ],\n [\n -147.47313271057405,\n 63.05636439164377\n ],\n [\n -147.4843263197781,\n 63.15257266921114\n ],\n [\n -147.42276146915563,\n 63.26105633664412\n ],\n [\n -147.47313271057405,\n 63.36160669058128\n ],\n [\n -147.7809569636863,\n 63.38919654057369\n ],\n [\n -148.05520038918624,\n 63.34905708668114\n ],\n [\n -148.17273328582908,\n 63.34905708668114\n ],\n [\n -148.5029447573494,\n 63.40423438219844\n ],\n [\n -148.81636581506376,\n 63.38919654057369\n ],\n [\n -149.01785078073718,\n 63.37665898500339\n ],\n [\n -149.34806225225768,\n 63.30383313056015\n ],\n [\n -149.46559514890052,\n 63.21064941139369\n ],\n [\n -149.60551526395147,\n 63.12981527528069\n ],\n [\n -149.76222579280855,\n 63.04875543034001\n ],\n [\n -149.76222579280855,\n 62.96492557132987\n ],\n [\n -150.08684045972694,\n 62.83745117375622\n ],\n [\n -150.29392223000247,\n 62.71711909313473\n ],\n [\n -150.4002615174413,\n 62.637481942242886\n ],\n [\n -150.24355098858402,\n 62.41542902475709\n ],\n [\n -150.14280850574733,\n 62.33238153159763\n ],\n [\n -150.15959891955345,\n 62.17343412214285\n ],\n [\n -150.12601809194118,\n 61.750827520785975\n ],\n [\n -149.97490436768618,\n 61.62607221186616\n ],\n [\n -149.6558865053694,\n 61.62511631782783\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"383","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sussman, Aviva J.","contributorId":301144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sussman","given":"Aviva","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":862210,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weil, Arlo B.","contributorId":301145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weil","given":"Arlo","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":862211,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Glen, Jonathan M.G. 0000-0002-3502-3355 jglen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-3355","contributorId":176530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"Jonathan","email":"jglen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":862209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69899,"text":"sir20045154 - 2004 - Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends (BEST) Program: Environmental contaminants and their effects on fish in the Columbia River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T19:50:59.844612","indexId":"sir20045154","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T13:20:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5154","displayTitle":"Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends (BEST) Program: Environmental Contaminants and their Effects on Fish in the Columbia River Basin","title":"Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends (BEST) Program: Environmental contaminants and their effects on fish in the Columbia River Basin","docAbstract":"This project examined and analyzed 560 fish representing eight species from 16 sites in the Columbia River Basin (CRB) from September 1997 to April 1998. Ten of the 16 sampling locations were historical National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program (NCBP) sites where organochlorine and elemental contaminants in fish had been monitored from 1969 through 1986. Five sites were co-located at U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)-National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) stations at which water quality is monitored. The sampling location at Marine Park in Vancouver, Washington did not correspond to either of the established monitoring programs. Eight of the sampling locations were located on the Columbia River; three were on the Snake River; two were on the Willamette River, and one site was on each of the Yakima, Salmon and Flathead Rivers.
\nCommon carp (Cyprinus carpio), black basses (Micropterus sp.), and largescale sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) together accounted for 80% of the fish sampled during the study. Fish were weighed and measured then field-examined for external and internal lesions, and liver, spleen, and gonads were weighed to compute somatic indices. Selected tissues and fluids were obtained and preserved for analysis of fish health and reproductive biomarkers. Composite samples of whole fish from each station were grouped by species and gender and analyzed for persistent organic and inorganic contaminants and for dioxin-like activity using H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045154","usgsCitation":"Hinck, J.E., Schmitt, C.J., Bartish, T.M., Denslow, N.D., Blazer, V.S., Anderson, P.J.; Coyle, J.J., Dethloff, G.M., Tillitt, D.E., 2004, Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends (BEST) Program: Environmental Contaminants and their Effects on Fish in the Columbia River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, Scientific Investigations Report 2004—5154, 125 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045154.","productDescription":"x, 126 p.","numberOfPages":"126","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1997-09-01","temporalEnd":"1998-04-30","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415389,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_69940.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191744,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5154/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":320271,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5154/sir20045154.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2004-5154"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.025390625,\n 52.53627304145948\n ],\n [\n -122.03613281249999,\n 49.1242192485914\n ],\n [\n -121.46484375,\n 47.57652571374621\n ],\n [\n -123.1787109375,\n 46.46813299215554\n ],\n [\n -123.3544921875,\n 44.5278427984555\n ],\n [\n -122.56347656249999,\n 43.389081939117496\n ],\n [\n -119.970703125,\n 43.70759350405294\n ],\n [\n -118.47656249999999,\n 43.83452678223682\n ],\n [\n -117.6416015625,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -115.97167968750001,\n 40.111688665595956\n ],\n [\n -114.43359375,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -110.25878906249999,\n 43.61221676817573\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 44.84029065139799\n ],\n [\n -113.37890625,\n 44.653024159812\n ],\n [\n -114.169921875,\n 45.82879925192134\n ],\n [\n -112.8515625,\n 47.15984001304432\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 47.66538735632654\n ],\n [\n -118.16894531249999,\n 51.97134580885172\n ],\n [\n -121.025390625,\n 52.53627304145948\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Columbia Environmental Research Center
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Along a transect across the Front Range from Denver to the Blue River valley near Dillon, the trip explores the geologic framework and Laramide (Late Cretaceous to early Eocene) uplift history of this basement-cored mountain range. Specific items for discussion at various stops are (1) the sedimentary and structural record along the upturned eastern margin of the range, which contains several discontinuous, east-directed reverse faults; (2) the western structural margin of the range, which contains a minimum of 9 km of thrust overhang and is significantly different in structural style from the eastern margin; (3) mid- to late-Tertiary modifications to the western margin of the range from extensional faulting along the northern Rio Grande rift trend; (4) the thermal and uplift history of the range as revealed by apatite fission track analysis; (5) the Proterozoic basement of the range, including the significance of northeast-trending shear zones; and (6) the geologic setting of the Colorado mineral belt, formed during Laramide and mid-Tertiary igneous activity.
","largerWorkType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"largerWorkTitle":"GSA Field Guide","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-0005-1.89","usgsCitation":"Kellogg, K.S., Bryant, B., and Reed, J., 2004, The Colorado front range: anatomy of a Laramide uplift, chap. of GSA Field Guide, v. 5, p. 89-108, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-0005-1.89.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":297718,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297717,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fieldguides.gsapubs.org/content/5/89.abstract"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.061279296875,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -109.061279296875,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -102.041015625,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -102.041015625,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -109.061279296875,\n 36.99377838872517\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c6ae4b08de9379b37b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kellogg, Karl S. 0000-0002-6536-9066 kkellogg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6536-9066","contributorId":1206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Karl","email":"kkellogg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bryant, Bruce bbryant@usgs.gov","contributorId":1355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"Bruce","email":"bbryant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, John C. jreed@usgs.gov","contributorId":1259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"John C.","email":"jreed@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":539776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70145187,"text":"70145187 - 2004 - Structure of the Red Dog District, western Brooks Range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-06T11:46:42","indexId":"70145187","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure of the Red Dog District, western Brooks Range, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Red Dog district of the western Brooks Range of northern Alaska, which includes the sediment-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag ± Ba deposits at Red Dog, Su-Lik, and Anarraaq, contains one of the world's largest reserves of zinc. This paper presents a new model for the structural development of the area and shows that understanding the structure is crucial for future exploration efforts and new mineral discoveries in the district. In the Red Dog district, a telescoped Late Devonian through Jurassic continental passive margin is exposed in a series of subhorizontally stacked, internally imbricated, and regionally folded thrust sheets. These sheets were emplaced during the Middle Jurassic to Late Cretaceous Brookian orogeny and subsequently were uplifted by late tectonic activity in the Tertiary. The thrust sheet stack comprises seven tectonostratigraphically distinct allochthonous sheets, three of which have been subject to regional and detailed structural analysis. The lowermost of these is the Endicott Mountains allochthon, which is overlain by the structurally higher Picnic Creek and Kelly River allochthons. Each individual allochthon is itself internally imbricated into a series of tectonostratigraphically coherent and distinct thrust plates and subplates. This structural style gives rise to duplex development and imbrication at a range of scales, from a few meters to tens of kilometers. The variable mechanical properties of the lithologic units of the ancient passive margin resulted in changes in structural styles and scales of structures across allochthon boundaries. Structural mapping and analysis of the district indicate a dominant northwest to west-northwest direction of regional tectonic transport. Local north to north-northeast transport of thrust sheets is interpreted to reflect the influence of underlying lateral and/or oblique ramps, which may have been controlled by inherited basin margin structures. Some thrust-sheet stacking patterns suggest out-of-sequence thrusting. The west-northwest-east-southeast-trending Wrench Creek and Sivukat Mountain faults were previously interpreted to be strike-slip faults, but this study shows that they are Tertiary (Eocene?) late extensional faults with little or no lateral displacement.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","publisherLocation":"Lancaster, PA","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.99.7.1415","usgsCitation":"de Vera, J.P., and McClay, K.R., 2004, Structure of the Red Dog District, western Brooks Range, Alaska: Economic Geology, v. 99, no. 7, p. 1415-1434, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.99.7.1415.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1415","endPage":"1434","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":299382,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Western Brooks Range","volume":"99","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5523ae45e4b027f0aee3d151","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"de Vera, Jean-Pierre P.","contributorId":127517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Vera","given":"Jean-Pierre","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7018,"text":"German Aerospace Center, Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McClay, K. R.","contributorId":140063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McClay","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70145507,"text":"70145507 - 2004 - 40Ar/39Ar Dating of Zn-Pb-Ag Mineralization in the Northern Brooks Range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-07T11:24:37","indexId":"70145507","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"40Ar/39Ar Dating of Zn-Pb-Ag Mineralization in the Northern Brooks Range, Alaska","docAbstract":"The 40Ar/39Ar laser step-heating method potentially can be used to provide absolute ages for a number of formerly undatable, low-temperature ore deposits. This study demonstrates the use of this method by determining absolute ages for Zn-Pb-Ag sediment-hosted massive sulfide deposits and vein-breccia occurrences found throughout a 300-km-long, east-west-trending belt in the northern Brooks Range, Alaska. Massive sulfide deposits are hosted by Mississippian to Pennsylvanian(?) black carbonaceous shale, siliceous mudstone, and lesser chert and carbonate turbidites of the Kuna Formation (e.g., Red Dog, Anarraaq, Lik (Su), and Drenchwater). The vein-breccia occurrences (e.g., Husky, Story Creek, West Kivliktort Mountain, Vidlee, and Kady) are hosted by a deformed but only weakly metamorphosed package of Upper Devonian to Lower Mississippian mixed continental and marine clastic rocks (the Endicott Group) that stratigraphically underlie the Kuna Formation. The vein-breccias are mineralogically similar to, but not spatially associated with, known massive sulfide deposits. The region's largest shale-hosted massive sulfide deposit is Red Dog; it has reserves of 148 Mt grading 16.6 percent zinc, 4.5 percent lead, and 77 g of silver per tonne. Hydrothermally produced white mica in a whole-rock sample from a sulfide-bearing igneous sill within the Red Dog deposit yielded a plateau age of 314.5 Ma. The plateau age of this whole-rock sample records the time at which temperatures cooled below the argon closure temperature of the white mica and is interpreted to represent the minimum age limit for massive sulfide-related hydrothermal activity in the Red Dog deposit. Sulfide-bearing quartz veins at Drenchwater crosscut a hypabyssal intrusion with a maximum biotite age of 337.0 Ma. Despite relatively low sulfide deposition temperatures in the vein-breccia occurrences (162°-251°C), detrital white mica in sandstone immediately adjacent to large vein-breccia zones was partially to completely recrystallized. The 40Ar/39Ar age spectra and inverse isochron plots of the multicomponent whole-rock sandstone samples are more complex than those of single minerals. However, different minerals have different Ca/K and Cl/K ratios and closure temperatures, and these properties were used to identify portions of spectra dominated by argon release from specific minerals. 40Ar/39Ar laser step-heating analyses of Late Devonian sandstone whole rocks produced spectra that record a two-stage resetting history: a Carboniferous hydrothermal event first and later Mesozoic to Tertiary events, which are in agreement with geologic constraints. The 40Ar/39Ar ages and the similar mineralogy, lead isotope composition, and relative stratigraphic positions support the interpretation that the shale-hosted massive sulfide deposits and most vein-breccia occurrences are temporally and genetically related, and that they are different expressions of Carboniferous basinal dewatering.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","publisherLocation":"Lancaster, PA","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.99.7.1323","usgsCitation":"Werdon, M., Layer, P.W., and Newberry, R.J., 2004, 40Ar/39Ar Dating of Zn-Pb-Ag Mineralization in the Northern Brooks Range, Alaska: Economic Geology, v. 99, no. 7, p. 1323-1343, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.99.7.1323.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1323","endPage":"1343","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":299453,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Northern Brooks Range","volume":"99","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5524ffa8e4b027f0aee3d469","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Werdon, Melanie B.","contributorId":53345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werdon","given":"Melanie B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Layer, Paul W.","contributorId":59483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newberry, Rainer J.","contributorId":68645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newberry","given":"Rainer","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198697,"text":"70198697 - 2004 - Using geochemical data and aquifer simulation to characterize recharge and groundwater flow in the Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-22T17:54:20.437775","indexId":"70198697","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T08:36:18","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Using geochemical data and aquifer simulation to characterize recharge and groundwater flow in the Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Groundwater recharge in a desert environment: The southwestern United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., Sanford, W.E., Bexfield, L.M., Anderholm, S.K., and Busenberg, E., 2004, Using geochemical data and aquifer simulation to characterize recharge and groundwater flow in the Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico, chap. of Groundwater recharge in a desert environment: The southwestern United States, v. 9, p. 185-216.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"216","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":379660,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118665664.ch11"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Middle Rio Grande Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.5,34.25 ], [ -107.5,35.75 ], [ -106.0,35.75 ], [ -106.0,34.25 ], [ -107.5,34.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10e878e4b034bf6a800f74","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hogan, James F.","contributorId":30533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"James F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742622,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Fred M.","contributorId":57957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742623,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742624,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - 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Field relations, geochemical discriminant analysis, and isotopic systematics indicate that these rocks derive from a bimodal volcanic suite ca. 3.3 Ga. The quartzofeldspathic gneisses contain sodic rocks of the tonalite-trond-hjemite-granodiorite suite as well as potassic varieties. This suite of rocks most likely contains some lithologies derived from sedimentary or volcaniclastic sources, and there is evidence that alkali metasomatism occurred prior to or during subsequent major tectonothermal events. The entire suite of gneisses and metamorphic mafic rocks has geochemical characteristics that are indicative of an active continental arc setting, with deposition most likely in an extensional, backarc setting similar to the Mesozoic through Tertiary rocks of the eastern Sierra Nevada Mountains or Mojave Desert. The formation of these rocks represents an early, distinct stage of crustal evolution that preceded the (unconformable?) deposition of one or more platform-type sedimentary sequences (e.g., marbles, pelitic schists, quartzites, banded iron formations). All primary lithologic contacts and textures or structures indicative of possible protoliths have been largely obliterated due to transposition during Archean and Paleoproterozoic (ca. 2.4 and ca. 1.8 Ga) deformation and metamorphism.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Precambrian geology of the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2377-9.15","usgsCitation":"Mogk, D.W., Burger, H.R., Mueller, P.A., D’Arcy, K., Heatherington, A.L., Wooden, J.L., Abeyta, R.L., Martin, J.L., and Jacob, L.J., 2004, Geochemistry of quartzofeldspathic gneisses and metamorphic mafic rocks of the Indian Creek and Pony–Middle Mountain Metamorphic Suites, Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana, chap. of Precambrian geology of the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana: Special Papers of the Geological Society of America, v. 377, p. 15-46, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2377-9.15.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"46","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":412406,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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eastern United States must be based on interpretations of the composition and form of Proterozoic basement-rock terranes and overlying Paleozoic strata, and on factors that can cause relative movements among their units, rather than Phanerozoic orogenic structures, which may be independent of modern tectonics. The tectonic-province concept is a major part of both probabilistic and deterministic seismic-hazard evaluations, yet those that have been proposed to date have not attempted to geographically correlate modern earthquakes with regional basement structure. Comparison of basement terrane (megablock) boundaries with the spatial pattern of modern seismicity may lead to the mechanically sound definition of tectonic provinces, and thus, better seismic-hazard evaluation capability than is currently available. Delineation of megablock boundaries will require research on the many factors that affect their structure and movement. This paper discusses and groups these factors into two broad categories-megablock tectonics in relation to seismicity and regional horizontal-compressive stresses, with megablock tectonics divided into subcategories of basement, overlying strata, regional lineaments, basement tectonic terranes, earthquake epicenter distribution, and epeirogeny, and compressive stresses divided into pop-ups and the contemporary maximum horizontal-compressive stress field. A list presenting four to nine proposed research topics for each of these categories is given at the end.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01941453","usgsCitation":"Fakundiny, R., 2004, Delineation of tectonic provinces of New York state as a component of seismic-hazard evaluation: Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences, v. 26, no. 1-2, p. 142-173.","startPage":"142","endPage":"173","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe73e4b0c8380cd4ed2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fakundiny, R.H.","contributorId":82493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fakundiny","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027459,"text":"70027459 - 2004 - Contaminants in molting long-tailed ducks and nesting common eiders in the Beaufort Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-13T12:35:42","indexId":"70027459","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminants in molting long-tailed ducks and nesting common eiders in the Beaufort Sea","docAbstract":"In 2000, we collected blood from long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis) and blood and eggs from common eiders (Somateria mollissima) at near-shore islands in the vicinity of Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, and at a reference area east of Prudhoe Bay. Blood was analyzed for trace elements and egg contents were analyzed for trace elements, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Except for Se (mean=36.1 ??g/g dry weight (dw) in common eiders and 48.8 ??g/g dw in long-tailed ducks), concentrations of trace elements in blood were low and, although several trace elements differed between areas, they were not consistently higher at one location. In long-tailed ducks, Se in blood was positively correlated with activities of two serum enzymes, suggestive of an adverse effect of increasing Se levels on the liver. Although common eiders had high Se concentrations in their blood, Se residues in eggs were low (mean=2.28 ??g/g dw). Strontium and Ni were higher in eggs near Prudhoe Bay than at the reference area, but none of the other trace elements or organic contaminants in eggs differed between locations. Concentrations of Ca, Sr, Mg, and Ni differed among eggs having no visible development, early-stage embryos, or late-stage embryos. Residues of 4,4???-DDE, cis-nonachlor, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene, oxychlordane, and trans-nonachlor were found in 100% of the common eider eggs, but at low concentrations (means of 2.35-7.45 ??g/kg wet weight (ww)). The mean total PCB concentration in eggs was 15.12 ??g/kg ww. Of PAHs tested for, residues of 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene and naphthalene were found in 100% of the eggs, at mean concentrations of 0.36-0.89 ??g/kg ww.
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C. 0000-0002-0251-4238","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":99071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hollmén, Tuula E.","contributorId":32112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hollmén","given":"Tuula E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grand, J.B.","contributorId":11150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":77879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard B.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":413771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027281,"text":"70027281 - 2004 - Supergroup stratigraphy of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains (Middle? Jurassic through holocene, Eastern North America)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T06:49:15","indexId":"70027281","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Supergroup stratigraphy of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains (Middle? Jurassic through holocene, Eastern North America)","docAbstract":"An inclusive supergroup stratigraphic framework for the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains is proposed herein. This framework consists of five supergroups that 1) are regionally inclusive and regionally applicable, 2) meaningfully reflect the overall stratigraphic and structural history of the Coastal Plains geologic province of the southeastern United States, and 3) create stratigraphic units that are readily mappable and useful at a regional level. Only the Marquesas Supergroup (Lower Cretaceous to lowest Upper Cretaceous) has been previously established. The Trent Supergroup (middle middle Eocene to basal lower Miocene) is an existing name here raised to supergroup rank. The Minden Supergroup (Middle? through Upper Jurassic), the Ancora Supergroup (Upper Cretaceous to lower middle Eocene), and the Nomini Supergroup (lower Miocene to Recent) are new stratigraphic concepts proposed herein. In order to bring existing groups and formations into accord with the supergroups described here, the following stratigraphic revisions are made. 1) The base of the Shark River Formation (Trent Supergroup) is moved upward. 2) The Old Church Formation is removed from the Chesapeake Group (Nomini Supergroup) and moved to the Trent Supergroup without group placement. 3) The Tiger Leap and Penney Farms formations are removed from the Hawthorn Group (Nomini Supergroup) and moved to the Trent Supergroup without group placement. 4) The Piney Point and Chickahominy formations are removed from the Pamunkey Group (Ancora Supergroup) and moved to the Trent Supergroup without group placement. 5) the Tallahatta Formation is removed from the Claiborne Group (Trent Supergroup) and placed within the Ancora Supergroup without group placement.","language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"Weems, R.E., Self-Trail, J., and Edwards, L.E., 2004, Supergroup stratigraphy of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains (Middle? Jurassic through holocene, Eastern North America): Southeastern Geology, v. 42, no. 4, p. 191-216.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f59e4b08c986b31e4f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weems, Robert E. 0000-0002-1907-7804 rweems@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1907-7804","contributorId":2663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weems","given":"Robert","email":"rweems@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Self-Trail, Jean 0000-0002-3018-4985 jstrail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3018-4985","contributorId":147370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self-Trail","given":"Jean","email":"jstrail@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027181,"text":"70027181 - 2004 - Mapping of the Culann-Tohil region of Io from Galileo imaging data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-06T11:47:29","indexId":"70027181","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping of the Culann-Tohil region of Io from Galileo imaging data","docAbstract":"We have used Galileo spacecraft data to produce a geomorphologic map of the Culann–Tohil region of Io's antijovian hemisphere. This region includes a newly discovered shield volcano, Tsũi Goab Tholus and a neighboring bright flow field, Tsũi Goab Fluctus, the active Culann Patera and the enigmatic Tohil Mons-Radegast Patera–Tohil Patera complex. Analysis of Voyager global color and Galileo Solid-State Imaging (SSI) high-resolution, regional (50–330 m/pixel), and global color (1.4 km/pixel) images, along with available Galileo Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) data, suggests that 16 distinct geologic units can be defined and characterized in this region, including 5 types of diffuse deposits. Tsũi Goab Fluctus is the center of a low-temperature hotspot detected by NIMS late during the Galileo mission, and could represent the best case for active effusive sulfur volcanism detected by Galileo. The Culann volcanic center has produced a range of explosive and effusive deposits, including an outer yellowish ring of enhanced sulfur dioxide (SO2), an inner red ring of SO2with short-chain sulfur (S3–S4) contaminants, and two irregular green diffuse deposits (one in Tohil Patera) apparently produced by the interaction of dark, silicate lava flows with sulfurous contaminants ballistically-emplaced from Culann's eruption plume(s). Fresh and red-mantled dark lava flows west of the Culann vent can be contrasted with unusual red–brown flows east of the vent. These red–brown flows have a distinct color that is suggestive of a compositional difference, although whether this is due to surface alteration or distinct lava compositions cannot be determined. The main massif of Tohil Mons is covered with ridges and grooves, defining a unit of tectonically disrupted crustal materials. Tohil Mons also contains a younger unit of mottled crustal materials that were displaced by mass wasting processes. Neighboring Radegast Patera contains a NIMS hotspot and a young lava lake of dark silicate flows, whereas the southwest portion of Tohil Patera contains white flow-like units, perhaps consisting of ‘ponds’ of effusively emplaced SO2. From 0°–15° S the hummocky bright plains unit away from volcanic centers contains scarps, grooves, pits, graben, and channel-like features, some of which have been modified by erosion. Although the most active volcanic centers appear to be found in structural lows (as indicated by mapping of scarps), DEMs derived from stereo images show that, with the exception of Tohil Mons, there is less than 1 km of relief in the Culann–Tohil region. There is no discernable correlation between centers of active volcanism and topography.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2003.08.024","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Williams, D., Schenk, P., Moore, J., Keszthelyi, L., Turtle, E.P., Jaeger, W.L., Radebaugh, J., Milazzo, M.P., Lopes, R., and Greeley, R., 2004, Mapping of the Culann-Tohil region of Io from Galileo imaging data: Icarus, v. 169, no. 1, p. 80-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2003.08.024.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209173,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2003.08.024"},{"id":235412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"169","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a506ae4b0c8380cd6b6a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, D.A.","contributorId":98048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7114,"text":"Arizona State Unviersity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":412660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schenk, Paul M.","contributorId":66946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schenk","given":"Paul M.","affiliations":[{"id":12445,"text":"Lunar and Planetary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":412657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Jeffrey M.","contributorId":102585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Jeffrey M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Turtle, Elizabeth P.","contributorId":45443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turtle","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jaeger, Windy L.","contributorId":61679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeger","given":"Windy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Radebaugh, Jani","contributorId":101792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radebaugh","given":"Jani","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Milazzo, Moses P. 0000-0002-9101-2191 moses@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-2191","contributorId":4811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milazzo","given":"Moses","email":"moses@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lopes, Rosaly","contributorId":210492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopes","given":"Rosaly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Greeley, Ronald","contributorId":20833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70027121,"text":"70027121 - 2004 - Reconstruction of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation extinct ecosystem - A synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70027121","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconstruction of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation extinct ecosystem - A synthesis","docAbstract":"A synthesis of recent and previous studies of the Morrison Formation and related beds, in the context of a conceptual climatic/hydrologic framework, permits reconstruction of the Late Jurassic dinosaurian ecosystem throughout the Western Interior of the United States and Canada. Climate models and geologic evidence indicate that a dry climate persisted in the Western Interior during the Late Jurassic. Early and Middle Kimmeridgian eolian deposits and Late Kimmeridgian alkaline, saline wetland/lacustrine deposits demonstrate that dryness persisted throughout the Kimmeridgian. Tithonian-age coal reflects lower evaporation rates associated with a slight cooling trend, but not a significant climate change. With a subtropical high over the Paleo-Pacific Ocean and atmospheric circulation generally toward the east, moisture carried by prevailing winds \"rained out\" progressively eastward, leaving the continental interior-and the Morrison depositional basin-dry. Within the basin, high evaporation rates associated with the southerly paleolatitude and greenhouse effects added to the dryness. Consequently, the two main sources of water-groundwater and surface water-originated outside the basin, through recharge of regional aquifers and streams that originated in the western uplands. Precipitation that fell west of the basin recharged aquifers that underlay the basin and discharged in wetlands and lakes in the distal, low-lying part of the basin. Precipitation west of the basin also fed intermittent and scarce perennial streams that flowed eastward. The streams were probably \"losing\" streams in their upstream reaches, and contributed to a locally raised water table. Elsewhere in the basin, where the floodplain intersected the water table, small lakes dotted the landscape. Seasonal storms, perhaps in part from the Paleo-Gulf of Mexico, brought some precipitation directly to the basin, although it was also subjected to \"rain out\" en route. Thus, meteoric input to the basin was appreciably less than groundwater and surface water contributions. The terrestrial Morrison ecosystem, which can be likened to a savannah, expanded with the northward retreat of the Late Jurassic Western Interior Seaway. The ecosystem was a complex mosaic, the components of which shifted through time. Riparian environments probably were the most diverse parts of the ecosystem, where a multi-storeyed canopy supported a diverse fauna, from insects to dinosaurs. Equable conditions also existed in wetlands, lakes, and elsewhere on the floodplain when seasonal rainfall brought an herbaceous groundcover to life. Eolian environments and alkaline, saline wetlands were inhospitable to life.Large herbivorous dinosaurs were adapted to this semi-arid landscape. Their size was an adaptive asset based on considerations of food requirements associated with a low metabolism and was also an advantage for migration during drought. Some of the large sauropods were adapted to browsing the higher vegetation associated with riparian environments; others to grazing the herbaceous groundcover on the floodplain and charophytes in the wetlands. The extensive distal wetlands may, in fact, have been refugia for some of these herbivores during the dry season and droughts. Extended periods of drought account for some of the dinosaur death assemblages; yet, the ecosystem could also sustain the most unusual life forms that ever roamed the Earth. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2004.01.009","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Turner, C., and Peterson, F., 2004, Reconstruction of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation extinct ecosystem - A synthesis: Sedimentary Geology, v. 167, no. 3-4, p. 309-355, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2004.01.009.","startPage":"309","endPage":"355","numberOfPages":"47","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478098,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doc.rero.ch/record/14577/files/PAL_E1793.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209293,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2004.01.009"},{"id":235591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"167","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a25fe4b0e8fec6cdb5a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turner, C.E.","contributorId":45463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, F.","contributorId":93623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027077,"text":"70027077 - 2004 - Earthquake scenario and probabilistic ground-shaking hazard maps for the Albuquerque-Belen-Santa Fe, New Mexico, corridor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T19:00:24","indexId":"70027077","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2860,"text":"New Mexico Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake scenario and probabilistic ground-shaking hazard maps for the Albuquerque-Belen-Santa Fe, New Mexico, corridor","docAbstract":"New Mexico's population is concentrated along the corridor that extends from Belen in the south to Española in the north and includes Albuquerque and Santa Fe. The Rio Grande rift, which encompasses the corridor, is a major tectonically, volcanically, and seismically active continental rift in the western U.S. Although only one large earthquake (moment magnitude (M) ≥ 6) has possibly occurred in the New Mexico portion of the rift since 1849, paleoseismic data indicate that prehistoric surface-faulting earthquakes of M 6.5 and greater have occurred on aver- age every 400 yrs on many faults throughout the Rio Grande rift.
\nWe have developed a series of nine scenario and probabilistic hazard maps that portray the ground shaking that could occur in the Albuquerque-Belen-Santa Fe corridor from future earthquakes in New Mexico. These maps, at a scale of 1:500,000, display color-contoured ground-motion values in terms of the parameters of peak horizontal acceleration and horizontal spectral accelerations at 0.2 and 1.0 second (sec) periods. The maps depict surficial ground shaking and incorporate the site-response effects at locations underlain by unconsolidated sediments. The scenario maps are for a M 7.0 earthquake rupturing the Sandia-Rincon faults, which are adjacent to and dip west beneath Albuquerque. The probabilistic maps are for the two annual exceedance probabilities of building code relevance, 10% and 2% exceedance probabilities in 50 yrs (corresponding to return periods of 500 and 2,500 yrs, respectively).
\nWe included 57 Quaternary faults, all located within the Rio Grande rift, in the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. These faults were characterized in terms of their geometry, rupture behavior (including possible segmentation), maximum expected earthquake magnitude, recurrence model, probability of activity, and slip rate. Preferred maximum magnitude values for these faults ranged from M 6.1 to 7.4 and preferred slip rates from 0.01 to approximately 0.12 mm/yr. Regional source zones and Gaussian smoothing of the historical seismicity were also included in the probabilistic hazard analysis to account for the hazard from background earthquakes (M ≤ 6.5).
\nA numerical ground-motion modeling approach and empirical attenuation relation- ships appropriate for extensional tectonic regimes were used to compute the scenario earthquake and probabilistic ground motions on rock. Amplification factors were then used to modify the rock motions and hence to incorporate site response into the hazard maps. These factors were based on three generalized geologic site-response categories (hard rock, soft rock, and firm/stiff soil) and were adopted from similar California-based categories because insufficient subsurface geologic and geotechnical data are available for the map area.
\nThe resulting hazard maps indicate that from both scenario and probabilistic perspectives, the ground-shaking hazard in the Albuquerque–Belen–Santa Fe corridor from future earthquakes could be severe, damaging, and potentially disastrous. In the event of a M 7.0 earthquake occurring on the Sandia–Rincon faults, ground shaking as characterized by peak ground acceleration could reach 0.7 g in much of the eastern half of the Albuquerque metropolitan area. (1 g = 980 cm/sec, the rate of gravitational acceleration.) These high ground motions will be attributable to the city’s location directly over the Sandia–Rincon faults and the amplifying effect of the unconsolidated sediments within the Albuquerque Basin. These levels of ground shaking will probably result in severe damage to traditional adobe construction and even to modern buildings. Long- period ground motions (> 1.0 sec), which are significant to long and tall structures (e.g., tall buildings, long bridges, and highway overpasses), will also be high (> 1.0 g). Injuries and loss of life will be likely.
\nFor the 500- and 2,500-yr return period maps, the highest peak accelerations are predicted to be at the damaging levels of 0.3 g and 0.6 g, respectively. All maps show dramatically the frequency-dependent amplification of unconsolidated sediments in the basins along the Rio Grande valley (e.g., Albuquerque Basin). The pattern of amplification and deamplification is clearly a function of the distribution of unconsolidated sediments.
\nThese maps are not intended to be a substitute for site-specific studies for engineering design nor to replace standard maps commonly referenced in building codes. Rather, we hope that these maps will be used as a guide by government agencies; the engineering, urban planning, emergency preparedness, and response communities; and the general public as part of an overall program to reduce earthquake risk and losses in New Mexico.
","language":"English","publisher":"New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources","issn":"0196948X","usgsCitation":"Wong, I., Olig, S., Dober, M., Silva, W., Wright, D., Thomas, P., Gregor, N., Sanford, A., Lin, K., and Love, D., 2004, Earthquake scenario and probabilistic ground-shaking hazard maps for the Albuquerque-Belen-Santa Fe, New Mexico, corridor: New Mexico Geology, v. 26, no. 1, p. 3-33.","productDescription":"31","startPage":"3","endPage":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324990,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://geoinfo.nmt.edu/publications/periodicals/nmg/backissues/home.cfml?SpecificYear=&FromYear=&ToYear=&Volume=26&Number=1&title=&author=&keywords=&NMcounty=ANY&Submit=Search"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -103.0078125,\n 37.03763967977139\n ],\n [\n -103.0078125,\n 36.56260003738548\n ],\n [\n -103.11767578124999,\n 32.008075959291055\n ],\n [\n -106.63330078125,\n 32.008075959291055\n ],\n [\n -106.63330078125,\n 31.89621446335144\n ],\n [\n -106.61132812499999,\n 31.82156451492074\n ],\n [\n -108.21533203125,\n 31.80289258670676\n ],\n [\n -108.25927734375,\n 31.27855085894653\n ],\n [\n -109.072265625,\n 31.3348710339506\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 37.020098201368114\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0502e4b0c8380cd50bf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, I.","contributorId":20508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olig, S.","contributorId":80055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olig","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dober, M.","contributorId":44721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dober","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Silva, W.","contributorId":52693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, D.","contributorId":6158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thomas, P.","contributorId":59185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gregor, N.","contributorId":27242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregor","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sanford, A.","contributorId":40361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lin, K.-W.","contributorId":64775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"K.-W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Love, D.","contributorId":15809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70027023,"text":"70027023 - 2004 - Atmospherically transported elements and deposition in the Southeastern United States: Local or transoceanic?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70027023","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Atmospherically transported elements and deposition in the Southeastern United States: Local or transoceanic?","docAbstract":"Saharan dust is persistently transported and deposited in ecosystems of the western Atlantic Ocean. This dust is an aggregate of clay and quartz particles cemented with Fe oxides. Samples collected and analyzed from Mali (central Africa), the Azores, the Caribbean and the Eastern United States document the levels of minor and trace metals in the dust. Metal loadings, particularly the toxic elements - Hg and As, are significantly higher than average crustal rocks. Over the past decade, the focus has been to understand the cycling of Hg in south Florida, but As has received very little attention. Arsenic in the sediment deposited in the past decade in south Florida averages 14 mg/kg and appears to be correlated with Al, a proxy for dust. The largest available aerosol data set containing As is the IMPROVE (Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments) data set. The average concentrations in aerosols collected during this program range from 17 mg/kg in the Virgin Islands to 79 mg/kg at Chassahowitzka, Florida. At Chassahowitzka, most of the As appears to be associated with organic C. If it is assumed that the concentrations in Mali dust and in the aerosols in the Virgin Islands are indicative of soil dust, then the higher values at Chassahowitzka may be derived from local or regional sources. A simple calculation indicates that African dust supplies about 25% of the As deposited from aerosols in the southeastern United States. Comparison of the average yearly As concentrations measured in the Virgin Islands and Everglades shows a negative relationship with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). This relationship demonstrates the influence of climate on the transport and deposition of aerosols to the southeastern United States.","largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.015","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Holmes, C.W., and Miller, R., 2004, Atmospherically transported elements and deposition in the Southeastern United States: Local or transoceanic?, in Applied Geochemistry, v. 19, no. 7, p. 1189-1200, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.015.","startPage":"1189","endPage":"1200","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209318,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.015"}],"volume":"19","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eec7e4b0c8380cd49f56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, C. W.","contributorId":36076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R.","contributorId":19118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026869,"text":"70026869 - 2004 - The offshore Palos Verdes fault zone near San Pedro, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-13T10:28:03.782382","indexId":"70026869","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The offshore Palos Verdes fault zone near San Pedro, Southern California","docAbstract":"High-resolution seismic-reflection data are combined with a variety of other geophysical and geological data to interpret the offshore structure and earthquake hazards of the San Pedro shelf, near Los Angeles, California. Prominent structures investigated include the Wilmington graben, the Palos Verdes fault zone, various faults below the west part of the San Pedro shelf and slope, and the deep-water San Pedro basin. The structure of the Palos Verdes fault zone changes markedly along strike southeastward across the San Pedro shelf and slope. Under the north part of the shelf, this fault zone includes several strands, with the main strand dipping west. Under the slope, the main fault strands exhibit normal separation and mostly dip east. To the southeast near Lasuen Knoll, the Palos Verdes fault zone locally is low angle, but elsewhere near this knoll, the fault dips steeply. Fresh seafloor scarps near Lasuen Knoll indicate recent fault movement. We explain the observed structural variation along the Palos Verdes fault zone as the result of changes in strike and fault geometry along a master right-lateral strike-slip fault at depth. Complicated movement along this deep fault zone is suggested by the possible wave-cut terraces on Lasuen Knoll, which indicate subaerial exposure during the last sea level lowstand and subsequent subsidence of the knoll. Modeling of aeromagnetic data indicates a large magnetic body under the west part of the San Pedro shelf and upper slope. We interpret this body to be thick basalt of probable Miocene age. This basalt mass appears to have affected the pattern of rock deformation, perhaps because the basalt was more competent during deformation than the sedimentary rocks that encased the basalt. West of the Palos Verdes fault zone, other northwest-striking faults deform the outer shelf and slope. Evidence for recent movement along these faults is equivocal, because we lack age dates on deformed or offset sediment.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120030042","usgsCitation":"Fisher, M.A., Normark, W.R., Langenheim, V., Calvert, A., and Sliter, R., 2004, The offshore Palos Verdes fault zone near San Pedro, Southern California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 2, p. 506-530, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030042.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"506","endPage":"530","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Pedro","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.32893371582031,\n 33.70263528325575\n ],\n [\n -118.2568359375,\n 33.70263528325575\n ],\n [\n -118.2568359375,\n 33.77343983379775\n ],\n [\n -118.32893371582031,\n 33.77343983379775\n ],\n [\n -118.32893371582031,\n 33.70263528325575\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae4be4b08c986b323fc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":411424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Calvert, A.J.","contributorId":16614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sliter, R.","contributorId":66311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026868,"text":"70026868 - 2004 - Geophysical modeling of the northern Appalachian Brompton-Cameron, Central Maine, and Avalon terranes under the New Jersey Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70026868","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2304,"text":"Journal of Geodynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical modeling of the northern Appalachian Brompton-Cameron, Central Maine, and Avalon terranes under the New Jersey Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"A regional terrane map of the New Jersey Coastal Plain basement was constructed using seismic, drilling, gravity and magnetic data. The Brompton-Cameron and Central Maine terranes were coalesced as one volcanic island arc terrane before obducting onto Laurentian, Grenville age, continental crust in the Taconian orogeny [Rankin, D.W., 1994. Continental margin of the eastern United States: past and present. In: Speed, R.C., (Ed.), Phanerozoic Evolution of North American Continent-Ocean Transitions. DNAG Continent-Ocean Transect Volume. Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado, pp. 129-218]. Volcanic island-arc rocks of the Avalon terrane are in contact with Central Maine terrane rocks in southern Connecticut where the latter are overthrust onto the Brompton-Cameron terrane, which is thrust over Laurentian basement. Similarities of these allochthonous island arc terranes (Brompton-Cameron, Central Maine, Avalon) in lithology, fauna and age suggest that they are faulted segments of the margin of one major late Precambrian to early Paleozoic, high latitude peri-Gondwana island arc designated as \"Avalonia\", which collided with Laurentia in the early to middle Paleozoic. The Brompton Cameron, Central Maine, and Avalon terranes are projected as the basement under the eastern New Jersey Coastal Plain based on drill core samples of metamorphic rocks of active margin/magmatic arc origin. A seismic reflection profile across the New York Bight traces the gentle dipping (approximately 20 degrees) Cameron's Line Taconian suture southeast beneath allochthonous Avalon and other terranes to a 4 sec TWTT depth (approximately 9 km) where the Avalonian rocks are over Laurentian crust. Gentle up-plunge (approximately 5 degrees) projections to the southwest bring the Laurentian Grenville age basement and the drift-stage early Paleozoic cover rocks to windows in Burlington Co. at approximately 1 km depth and Cape May Co. at approximately 2 km depths. The antiformal Shellburne Falls and Chester domes and Chain Lakes-Pelham dome-Bronson Hill structural trends, and the synformal Connecticut Valley-Gaspe structural trend can be traced southwest into the New Jersey Coastal Plain basement. A Mesozoic rift basin, the \"Sandy Hook basin\", and associated eastern boundary fault is identified, based upon gravity modeling, in the vicinity of Sandy Hook, New Jersey. The thickness of the rift-basin sedimentary rocks contained within the \"Sandy Hook basin\" is approximately 4.7 km, with the basin extending offshore to the east of the New Jersey coast. Gravity modeling indicates a deep rift basin and the magnetic data indicates a shallow magnetic basement caused by magnetic diabase sills and/or basalt flows contained within the rift-basin sedimentary rocks. The igneous sills and/or flows may be the eastward continuation of the Watchung and Palisades bodies. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geodynamics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jog.2004.02.016","issn":"02643707","usgsCitation":"Maguire, T., Sheridan, R.E., and Volkert, R., 2004, Geophysical modeling of the northern Appalachian Brompton-Cameron, Central Maine, and Avalon terranes under the New Jersey Coastal Plain: Journal of Geodynamics, v. 37, no. 3-5, p. 457-485, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2004.02.016.","startPage":"457","endPage":"485","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209214,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2004.02.016"},{"id":235467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2863e4b0c8380cd5a0a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maguire, T.J.","contributorId":82512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maguire","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheridan, R. E.","contributorId":36681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheridan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Volkert, R.A.","contributorId":90799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Volkert","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026808,"text":"70026808 - 2004 - Petrography and character of the bedrock surface beneath western Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T12:28:34","indexId":"70026808","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2897,"text":"Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrography and character of the bedrock surface beneath western Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Cores collected during recent drilling in western Cape Cod, Massachusetts provide insight into the topography and petrology of the underlying bedrock. 62 drill sites spread over a ???140 km2 study area produced cores of granitoids (31), orthogneisses (20), basalts/diabases (4), amphibolites (3), felsic mylonites (2), and dolomitic rock (2). Granitoid cores range in composition from granite to tonalite to quartz diorite, but are dominated by single-mica granites. Alteration is common in nearly all cores examined in this study, and is evidenced by the secondary growth of chlorite and epidote. The granitoids resemble rocks of the Dedham and Fall River terranes (Wones and Goldsmith 1991). Gneisses from the study area generally contain the mineral assemblage hornblende+plagioclase+quartz+biotite+epidote??chlorite?? sphene??K-feldspar??sericite+oxides. Based on mineral assemblages, we estimate peak metamorphic grade to be of lower amphibolite facies. X-ray powder diffraction of unmetamorphosed dolomitic cores shows presence of layered silicates (clays), plagioclase, and possible magnesite. Contours of the bedrock surface show locally irregular topography suggesting erosion by glacial scour. The distribution of lithologies suggests a possible continuation of the New Bedford gneissic terrane that outcrops 25 km to the west. Dolomitic rocks may represent a lithified fault gouge material at the eastern edge of the gneissic zone. Basalts/diabases are interpreted to be post-metamorphic dikes of Late Paleozoic age, or possibly associated with Mesozoic rifting.","language":"English","publisher":"Northeastern Science Foundation","issn":"01941453","usgsCitation":"Hallett, B., Poppe, L., and Brand, S., 2004, Petrography and character of the bedrock surface beneath western Cape Cod, Massachusetts: Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences, v. 26, no. 3, p. 230-241.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"230","endPage":"241","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachussets","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.68603515625,\n 41.7180304600481\n ],\n [\n -69.993896484375,\n 41.7180304600481\n ],\n [\n -69.993896484375,\n 42.09822241118974\n ],\n [\n -70.68603515625,\n 42.09822241118974\n ],\n [\n -70.68603515625,\n 41.7180304600481\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a779ae4b0c8380cd7852d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hallett, B.W.","contributorId":98392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallett","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brand, S.G.","contributorId":39051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brand","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026657,"text":"70026657 - 2004 - Mesohabitat use of threatened hemlock forests by breeding birds of the Delaware River basin in northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-21T15:55:46.355933","indexId":"70026657","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mesohabitat use of threatened hemlock forests by breeding birds of the Delaware River basin in northeastern United States","docAbstract":"Avian biodiversity may be at risk in eastern parks and forests due to continued expansion of the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae), an exotic homopteran insect native to East Asia. To assess avian biodiversity, mesohabitat relations, and the risk of species loss with declining hemlock forests in Appalachian park lands, 80 randomly distributed fixed-radius plots were established in which territories of breeding birds were estimated on four forest-terrain types (hemlock and hardwood benches and ravines) in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area. Both species richness and number of territories were higher in hardwood than hemlock forest types and in bench than ravine terrain types. Four insectivorous species, Acadian flycatcher (Empidonax virescens), blue-headed vireo (Vireo solitarius), black-throated green warbler (Dendroica virens), and Blackburnian warbler (Dendroica fusca), showed high affinity for hemlock forest type and exhibited significantly greater numbers of territories in hemlock than hardwood sites. These species are hemlock-associated species at risk from continued hemlock decline in the Delaware River valley and similar forests of the mid-Atlantic east slope. Two of these species, the blue-headed vireo and Blackburnian warbler, appeared to specialize on ravine mesohabitats of hemlock stands, the vireo a low-to-mid canopy species, the warbler a mid-to-upper canopy forager. Unchecked expansion of the exotic adelgid and subsequent hemlock decline could negatively impact 3,600 pairs from the park and several million pairs from northeastern United States hemlock forests due to elimination of preferred habitat.","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Association","issn":"08858608","usgsCitation":"Ross, R.M., Redell, L.A., Bennett, R., and Young, J.A., 2004, Mesohabitat use of threatened hemlock forests by breeding birds of the Delaware River basin in northeastern United States: Natural Areas Journal, v. 24, no. 4, p. 307-315.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"315","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404231,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43912342"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River, Delaware Water Gap 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invasion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-28T15:31:39.879017","indexId":"70026472","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Differential consumption of eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) by avian and mammalian guilds: Implications for tree invasion","title":"Differential consumption of eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) by avian and mammalian guilds: Implications for tree invasion","docAbstract":"Increased abundance and distribution of eastern redcedar (Juniperns virginiannus), a native species in the Great Plains, has been associated with changes in ecosystem functioning and landscape cover. Knowledge of the main consumers and dispersal agents of eastern red cedar cones is essential to understanding the invasive spread of the species. We examined animal removal of cedar cones in three habitats (tallgrass prairie, eastern red cedar and woodland-prairie margins) in the Cross Timbers ecoregion using three exclosure treatments during autumn and winter. Exclosure treatments excluded study trees from ungulates, from terrestrial rodents and ungulates or from neither (control). Loss of cones from branches varied by a habitat-time interaction, but was not affected by exclosure type. Loss of cones from containers located under experimental trees varied by a habitat-treatment-time interaction. In December and January, cone consumption from containers in no-exclosure treatments was highest in margins, followed by tallgrass prairie and eastern red cedar habitats. We conclude birds consumed the majority of cones from branches and small-and medium-sized mammals consumed cones on the ground. Both birds and mammals likely contribute to the spread of eastern red cedar but at different scales. Limiting invasion of eastern red cedar in forests may require early detection and selective removal of pioneer seedlings in cross timbers and other habitats that attract a high diversity or density of frugivores.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2004)152[0255:DCOERC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Horncastle, V., Hellgren, E.C., Mayer, P., Engle, D.M., and Leslie, D., 2004, Differential consumption of eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) by avian and mammalian guilds: Implications for tree invasion: American Midland Naturalist, v. 152, no. 2, p. 255-267, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2004)152[0255:DCOERC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"267","costCenters":[{"id":515,"text":"Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.140625,\n 33.358061612778876\n ],\n [\n -95.80078125,\n 33.358061612778876\n ],\n [\n -95.80078125,\n 37.68382032669382\n ],\n [\n -97.470703125,\n 37.68382032669382\n ],\n [\n -99.140625,\n 37.75334401310656\n ],\n [\n -99.140625,\n 33.358061612778876\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"152","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00f5e4b0c8380cd4f9f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horncastle, V.J.","contributorId":24536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horncastle","given":"V.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hellgren, E. 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We use a combination of local seismic and Global Positioning System (GPS) data for our kinematic inversion and find that the slip distribution of this event is characterized by three major asperities on the Denali fault. The rupture nucleated on the Susitna Glacier thrust fault, and after a pause, propagated onto the strike-slip Denali fault. Approximately 216 km to the east, the rupture abandoned the Denali fault in favor of the more southwesterly directed Totschunda fault. Three-dimensional dynamic models of this event indicate that the abandonment of the Denali fault for the Totschunda fault can be explained by the Totschunda fault's more favorable orientation with respect to the local stress field. However, a uniform tectonic stress field cannot explain the complex slip pattern in this event. We also find that our dynamic models predict discontinuous rupture from the Denali to Totschunda fault segments. Such discontinuous rupture helps to qualitatively improve our kinematic inverse models. Two principal implications of our study are (1) a combination of inverse and forward modeling can bring insight into earthquake processes that are not possible with either technique alone, and (2) the stress field on geometrically complex fault systems is most likely not due to a uniform tectonic stress field that is resolved onto fault segments of different orientations; rather, other forms of stress heterogeneity must be invoked to explain the observed slip patterns.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120040620","usgsCitation":"Oglesby, D., Dreger, D.S., Harris, R., Ratchkovski, N., and Hansen, R., 2004, Inverse kinematic and forward dynamic models of the 2002 Denali fault earthquake, Alaska: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 6B, p. S214-S233, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040620.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"S214","endPage":"S233","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.26953125,\n 61.18562468142281\n ],\n [\n -156.4892578125,\n 59.265880628258095\n ],\n [\n -144.228515625,\n 59.44507509904714\n ],\n [\n -143.26171875,\n 63.450509218001095\n ],\n [\n -146.8212890625,\n 63.80189351770543\n ],\n [\n -150.6884765625,\n 63.6267446447533\n ],\n [\n -156.26953125,\n 63.15435519659187\n ],\n [\n -156.26953125,\n 61.18562468142281\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"6B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e4ce4b0c8380cd63c67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oglesby, D. 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The total rate of motion tangent to the small circle around the Pacific‐North America pole of rotation is 10.4 ± 1.0 mm/yr, and motion normal to this small circle is 3.9 ± 0.9 mm/yr compared to the east end of our network. On the Colorado Plateau the east end of our network moves by ∼1–2 mm/yr westerly with respect to North America. Transitions in strain rates delimit six major tectonic domains within the province. These deformation zones coincide with areas of modern seismicity and are, from east to west, (1) east‐west extension in the Wasatch Fault zone, (2) low rate east‐west extension centered near the Nevada‐Utah border, (3) low rate east‐west contraction between 114.7°W and 117.9°W, (4) extension normal to and strike‐slip motion across the N10°E striking Central Nevada Seismic Zone, (5) right lateral simple shear oriented N13°W inside the Walker Lane Belt, and (6) shear plus extension near the Sierra Nevada frontal faults. Concentration of shear and dilatational deformation across the three westernmost zones suggests that the Walker Lane Belt lithosphere is rheologically weak. However, we show that linear gradients in viscosity and gravitational potential energy can also effectively concentrate deformation. In the Basin and Range, gradients in gravitational potential are spatially anticorrelated with dilatational strain rates, consistent with the presence of horizontal variations in viscosity of the lithosphere.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003JB002746","usgsCitation":"Hammond, W., and Thatcher, W., 2004, Contemporary tectonic deformation of the Basin and Range province, western United States: 10 years of observation with the Global Positioning System: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 109, no. 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The stimulation of this well is expected to create hydraulic communication with the recently drilled production well 38C-9, which is directly south of 34-9RD2. We summarize the results of fracture and stress analyses based upon borehole image logs of 38C-9; petrographic and petrologic analyses of cuttings from both the injection well 34-9RD2 and the production well 38C-9; and plans for the redrilling and stimulation of 34-9RD2.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermal Energy -- The Reliable Renewable","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Geothermal Energy: The Reliable Renewable - Geothermal Resources Council 2004 Annual Meeting, GRC","conferenceDate":"August 29-September 1, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Indian Wells, California, United States","language":"English","issn":"01935933","usgsCitation":"Rose, P., Sheridan, J., McCulloch, J., Moore, J., Kovac, K., Spielman, P., Weidler, R., and Hickman, S., 2004, The Coso EGS project - Recent developments, in Geothermal Energy -- The Reliable Renewable, v. 28, Indian Wells, California, United States, August 29-September 1, 2004, p. 227-231.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"231","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235029,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":412762,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.geothermal-library.org/index.php?mode=pubs&action=view&record=1022477"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coso Geothermal Field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.13125238108222,\n 34.500090007197585\n ],\n [\n -117.97744378733209,\n 34.39590273808652\n ],\n [\n -117.74123773264452,\n 34.36416778427953\n ],\n [\n -117.30727777170733,\n 34.1735057426\n ],\n [\n -116.87881097483236,\n 34.21439827757463\n ],\n [\n -116.49978265451979,\n 34.109855733026436\n ],\n [\n -115.99990472483216,\n 34.82089043507413\n ],\n [\n -115.4780541388946,\n 35.1898433687566\n ],\n [\n -115.26931390451986,\n 35.490067201640414\n ],\n [\n -116.2525902717071,\n 36.2822379405592\n ],\n [\n -116.70852288889455,\n 36.06051895234695\n ],\n [\n -117.13698968576986,\n 35.967210059115274\n ],\n [\n -117.4775658576448,\n 35.94942441581968\n ],\n [\n -117.7467308967071,\n 36.033870540860505\n ],\n [\n -117.95547113108219,\n 35.931634767833756\n ],\n [\n -117.91701898264456,\n 35.731225528772995\n ],\n [\n -118.03786859201963,\n 35.36921568164583\n ],\n [\n -118.13674554514478,\n 35.225749608198214\n ],\n [\n -118.4168969123322,\n 35.07753408807834\n ],\n [\n -118.96072015451966,\n 34.802850204313785\n ],\n [\n -118.49929437326965,\n 34.65386770305909\n ],\n [\n -118.13125238108222,\n 34.500090007197585\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba6eee4b08c986b3212e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, P.","contributorId":83716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheridan, J.","contributorId":90915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheridan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCulloch, J.","contributorId":19332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCulloch","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, J.N.","contributorId":22795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kovac, K.","contributorId":98511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovac","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Spielman, P.","contributorId":22124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spielman","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Weidler, R.","contributorId":10589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidler","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hickman, S.","contributorId":79995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":81600,"text":"81600 - 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This bioregion is one of the most striking features of the state of California, extending from the southern Cascade Mountains in the north to the Tehachapi Mountains and Mojave Desert 700 km to the south. Moreover, the fire responses of important species and fire regime-plant community interactions in the foothill shrubland and the woodland zone, the lower-montane forest ecological zone, the upper-montane forest, the subalpine forest, the alpine meadow, and the shrubland zone and eastside forest and woodland are explained. The success of the management of the Sierra Nevada is contingent on the ability and willingness to keep fire an integral part of these ecosystems.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fire in California ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","doi":"10.1525/california/9780520246058.003.0012","usgsCitation":"van Wagtendonk, J., and Fites-Kaufman, J., 2004, Sierra Nevada bioregion, chap. 12 of Fire in California ecosystems, p. 264-294, https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520246058.003.0012.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"294","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.75077478068471,\n 35.80556397533633\n ],\n [\n -116.57921794090035,\n 35.89411682457482\n ],\n [\n -119.37984303498109,\n 38.41329749367671\n ],\n [\n -120.004359489607,\n 39.316955258486985\n ],\n [\n -120.43787328831121,\n 40.73735791568376\n ],\n [\n -121.46558915515735,\n 41.66126022137013\n ],\n [\n -122.66765355583428,\n 41.546887074082804\n ],\n [\n -121.89794746845422,\n 40.294789676627516\n ],\n [\n -120.29608051260618,\n 38.0448598466954\n ],\n [\n -119.03608369708445,\n 36.778970145921946\n ],\n [\n -118.47926328538756,\n 35.53674193340379\n ],\n [\n -117.75077478068471,\n 35.80556397533633\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4425","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sugihara, N. 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Nest success was 48% for all nests, 82% for cavity-nesting species, and 42% for cup-nesting species. Mayfield-adjusted nest success for five common species ranged from 23% for the American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla) to 43% for the Eastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus virens). Nest success was lowest for open-cup nesters, species that reject Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) eggs, species that nest near forest edges, and Neotropical migrants. The proportion of forest core area in a 5-km radius around the plot had a weakly negative relationship with daily survival rate of nests for all species pooled and for medium or high canopy nesters, species associated with interior and edge habitats, open-cup nesters, and nests located between 75 and 199 m from an edge. The proportion of forest core area was positively related to daily survival rate only for ground and low nesters. Our findings are in contrast to a number of studies from the eastern United States reporting strong positive associations between forest area and nesting success. Supported models of habitat associations changed with the spatial scale of analysis and included variables not often considered in studies of forest birds, including the proportion of water, shrubs, and grasslands in the landscape. Forest area may not be a strong indicator of nest success in landscapes where all the available forests are fragmented.
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One indicator under development for Great Lakes mesotrophic environments is based on burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia: Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae). In this paper, we report the results of a benthic survey in spring 2002 to determine the status of nymphal populations of Hexagenia in two western Lake Superior embayments, the St. Louis River estuary, an area with significant water-use impairments, and Chequamegon Bay, an area with no known water-use impairments. Ponar grab samples collected throughout these embayments showed nymphs were generally abundant in finely particulate, cohesive substrate (clay or mixtures of clay and sand) in both embayments. However, in the St. Louis River estuary nymphs were absent in those preferred substrates at 11 stations in the eastern portion of St. Louis Bay and the adjoining northwestern portion of the Duluth-Superior Harbor, where the sediments were variously contaminated with visible amounts of taconite pellets, paint chips, oil, or combusted coal waste (clinkers). Our results suggest that human activities have rendered those portions of the St. Louis River estuary unsuitable for habitation by Hexagenia nymphs and we recommend that trend monitoring of the nymphal population there be conducted to permit reporting on progress in restoring and maintaining the health and integrity of this Great Lakes ecosystem embayment, consistent with the intent of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement.
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