{"pageNumber":"2380","pageRowStart":"59475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184582,"records":[{"id":5211342,"text":"5211342 - 2006 - Parasitic Cowbirds have increased immunity to West Nile and other mosquitoborne encephalitis viruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:17","indexId":"5211342","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Parasitic Cowbirds have increased immunity to West Nile and other mosquitoborne encephalitis viruses","docAbstract":"The rapid geographic spread of West Nile Virus [WNV, Flaviviridae, Flavivirus] across the United States has stimulated interest in comparative host infection studies of avian species to delineate competent reservoir hosts critical for viral amplification. Striking taxonomic differences in avian susceptibility have been noted, offering the opportunity to strategically select species on the basis of life history traits to examine aspects of pathogen virulence or host immunity. We hypothesized that avian brood parasites would show increased resistance to pathogens compared to related taxa, because they have been exposed in their evolutionary history to a wide array of infectious organisms from their different parenting species. The Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) is a generalist brood parasite that parasitizes 200+ North American species. Elevated exposure to other species? parasites may have created an unusual degree of pathogen resistance. We compared the relative susceptibility of adult cowbirds to three closely-related non-parasitic species, Red-winged blackbirds, Tricolored blackbirds and Brewer?s blackbirds, to invading NY99 strain of WNV that is highly virulent for many passeriform birds. Previously we had experimentally infected these species with two North American mosquitoborne encephalitis viruses, western equine encephalomyelitis virus [WEEV, Togaviridae, Alphavirus] and St. Louis encephalitis virus [SLEV, Flaviviridae, Flavivirus]. Our results showed that cowbirds exhibited significantly lower viremia responses against all three viruses as well as after co-infection with both WEEV and WNV than did the three related, non-parasitic species. These data supported our hypothesis and indicated that cowbirds were more resistant to infection to both native and introduced viruses. ","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Program and Abstracts of the 10th International Congress: International Society of Developmental and Comparative Immunology, July 1 - 6, 2006, Charleston, SC, USA","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Reisen, W., and Hahn, D., 2006, Parasitic Cowbirds have increased immunity to West Nile and other mosquitoborne encephalitis viruses, chap. of Program and Abstracts of the 10th International Congress: International Society of Developmental and Comparative Immunology, July 1 - 6, 2006, Charleston, SC, USA.","startPage":"259","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6891ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reisen, W.K.","contributorId":29541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisen","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hahn, D.C. 0000-0002-5242-2059","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2059","contributorId":46447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahn","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":330790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5211380,"text":"5211380 - 2006 - Predicting the persistence of coastal wetlands to global change stressors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:28","indexId":"5211380","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Predicting the persistence of coastal wetlands to global change stressors","docAbstract":"Despite progress toward understanding the response of coastal wetlands to increases in relative sea-level rise and an improved understanding of the effect of elevated CO2 on plant species allocation patterns, we are limited in our ability to predict the response of coastal wetlands to the effects associated with global change. Static simulations of the response of coastal wetlands to sea-level rise using LIDAR and GIS lack the biological and physical feedback mechanisms present in such systems. Evidence from current research suggests that biotic processes are likely to have a major influence on marsh vulnerability to future accelerated rates of sea-level rise and the influence of biotic processes likely varies depending on hydrogeomorphic setting and external stressors. We have initiated a new research approach using a series of controlled mesocosm and field experiments, landscape scale studies, a comparative network of brackish coastal wetland monitoring sites and a suite of predictive models that address critical questions regarding the vulnerability of coastal brackish wetland systems to global change. Specifically, this research project evaluates the interaction of sea level rise and elevated CO2 concentrations with flooding, nutrient enrichment and disturbance effects. The study is organized in a hierarchical structure that links mesocosm, field, landscape and biogeographic levels so as to provide important new information that recognizes that coastal wetland systems respond to multiple interacting drivers and feedback effects controlling wetland surface elevation, habitat stability and ecosystem function. We also present a new statistical modelling technique (Structural Equation Modelling) that synthesizes and integrates our environmental and biotic measures in a predictive framework that forecasts ecosystem change and informs managers to consider adaptive shifts in strategies for the sustainable management of coastal wetlands.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Catchments to Coast: Australian Marine Sciences Association, 44th annual conference and the Society of Wetland Scientists 27th International Conference. Book of Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Australian Marine Sciences Association and Society of Wetland Scientists","publisherLocation":"[Brisbane, Queensland]","collaboration":"Held Cairns Convention Centre, Cairns, Queensland, Autstralia, 9-14 July 2006. OCLC: 83612316 PDF on file: 6788_Guntenspergen.pdf","usgsCitation":"Guntenspergen, G., McKee, K., Cahoon, D., Grace, J., and Megonigal, P., 2006, Predicting the persistence of coastal wetlands to global change stressors, chap. of Catchments to Coast: Australian Marine Sciences Association, 44th annual conference and the Society of Wetland Scientists 27th International Conference. Book of Abstracts.","startPage":"53 (abs)","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e807","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guntenspergen, G.","contributorId":88305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, Karen 0000-0001-7042-670X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":69273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Karen","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":330891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cahoon, D.","contributorId":38261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grace, J.","contributorId":88459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Megonigal, P.","contributorId":72908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Megonigal","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5211353,"text":"5211353 - 2006 - A unified strategy for monitoring changes in abundance of birds associated with North American tidal marshes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-20T14:36:42","indexId":"5211353","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"A unified strategy for monitoring changes in abundance of birds associated with North American tidal marshes","docAbstract":"An effective approach to species conservation involves efforts to prevent species from becoming threatened with extinction before they become listed as endangered. Standardized monitoring efforts provide the data necessary to estimate population trajectories of many species so that management agencies can identify declining species before they reach the point of endangerment. Species that occur in tidal saltmarshes in North America are under sampled by existing broad-scale monitoring programs. We summarize existing local and regional survey efforts for saltmarsh birds and propose a standardized continental protocol for assessing the status and population trends of birds that breed in saltmarshes in North America. The objective of this proposed survey effort is to create a series of interconnected monitoring efforts that will provide information on the status and the changes in status of terrestrial birds living in saltmarsh systems of North America. We describe detailed field protocols for standardized surveys of saltmarsh birds across North America. We recommend morning point-count surveys with an initial 5-min passive period followed by a period of call broadcast. Surveyors record all individual birds detected (regardless of distance) for all species that are associated with saltmarshes and estimate the distance to each individual bird detected. We provide recommendations for standardizing distance between adjacent survey points, how repeat detections across points are recorded, daily and seasonal timing of surveys, timing of surveys relative to tidal cycles, number of replicate surveys per year, and focal species for this standardized survey effort. Recommended survey protocols include methods that allow estimation of various components of detection probability so that stronger inferences can be made based on trends in count data. We explain why the various survey recommendations are made so that potential participants understand the rationale for various aspects of the survey protocols. We also provide sample data forms and an example of how to fill out a data form. These protocols build upon the Standardized North American Marsh-Bird Monitoring Protocols by encouraging those interested in saltmarsh passerines (and other saltmarsh birds) to conduct surveys using a standardized protocol similar to that being used for secretive marsh birds. Standardization of this sort will allow data from surveys focusing on saltmarsh passerines to be easily pooled with data from surveys focusing on secretive marsh birds. Implementing these standardized surveys in saltmarshes across North America will help document regional and continental patterns in distribution and abundance of all birds associated with tidal marshes.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Terrestrial vertebrates of tidal marshes: evolution, ecology, and conservation: Studies in Avian Biology No. 32","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Camarillo, CA","usgsCitation":"Conway, C., and Droege, S., 2006, A unified strategy for monitoring changes in abundance of birds associated with North American tidal marshes, chap. of Terrestrial vertebrates of tidal marshes: evolution, ecology, and conservation: Studies in Avian Biology No. 32, p. 282-297.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"282","endPage":"297","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a543e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conway, C.J.","contributorId":33417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Droege, Sam 0000-0003-4393-0403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-0403","contributorId":64185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":330829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5211355,"text":"5211355 - 2006 - Recreation ecology research in the Americas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:17","indexId":"5211355","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Recreation ecology research in the Americas","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Exploring the Nature of Management. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Applied Sciences","publisherLocation":"Rapperswil, Switzerland","collaboration":"OCLC: 150237964 ; ISBN: 3033009352; 9783033009356 PDF on file: 6667_Marion.pdf","usgsCitation":"Marion, J., 2006, Recreation ecology research in the Americas, chap. of Exploring the Nature of Management. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas, p. 93-97.","productDescription":"509","startPage":"93","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"509","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67ca91","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Siegrist, Dominik","contributorId":113360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegrist","given":"Dominik","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508024,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clivaz, Christophe","contributorId":111855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clivaz","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508021,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunziker, Marcel","contributorId":112287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunziker","given":"Marcel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508022,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iten, Sophia","contributorId":112605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iten","given":"Sophia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508023,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Marion, J. L. 0000-0003-2226-689X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-689X","contributorId":10888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5211381,"text":"5211381 - 2006 - Five years (2000-2004) of post-reconstruction monitoring of freshwater tidal wetlands in the urban Anacostia River, Washington, D.C. USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:23","indexId":"5211381","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Five years (2000-2004) of post-reconstruction monitoring of freshwater tidal wetlands in the urban Anacostia River, Washington, D.C. USA","docAbstract":"The Anacostia River in Washington, D.C. USA consisted of over 809 hectares (2000 acres) of freshwater tidal wetlands before mandatory dredging removed most of them in the first half of the 20th century. Much of this13 kilometer (8 mile) reach was transferred to the National Park Service (NPS). Planning processes in the 1980's envisioned a restoration (rejuvenation) of some wetlands for habitat, aesthetics, water quality and interpretative purposes. Subsequently, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in a cost share agreement with the District of Columbia reconstructed wetlands on NPS lands at Kenilworth - 12.5 hectares (1993), Kingman 27 hectares (2000), a Fringe Marsh - 6.5 hectares (2003) and is currently constructing Heritage Marsh - 2.5 hectares (2005/2006). The USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center in conjunction with the University of Maryland Biological Engineering Department was contracted to conduct post-reconstruction monitoring (2000-2004) to document the relative success and progress of the Kingman Marsh reconstruction primarily based on vegetative response but also in conjunction with seed bank and soil characteristics. Results from Kingman were compared to Kenilworth Marsh (reconstructed 7 years prior), Dueling Creek Marsh (last best remaining freshwater tidal wetland bench in the urbanized Anacostia watershed) and Patuxent River Marsh (in a more natural adjacent watershed). Vegetation establishment was initially strong at Kingman, but declined rapidly as measured by cover, richness, diversity, etc. under grazing pressure from resident Canada geese and associated reduction in sediment levels. This decline did not occur at the other wetlands. The decline occurred despite a substantial seed bank that was sustained primarily be water born propagules. Soil development, as true for most juvenile wetlands, was slow with almost no organic matter accumulation. By 2004 only two of 7 planted species remained (mostly Peltandra virginica) at Kingman which did provide almost 50% of the approximately 1/3 total vegetation cover remaining.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Catchments to Coast: Australian Marine Sciences Association, 44th annual conference and the Society of Wetland Scientists 27th International Conference. Book of Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Australian Marine Sciences Association and Society of Wetland Scientists","publisherLocation":"[Brisbane, Queensland]","collaboration":"Held Cairns Convention Centre, Cairns, Queensland, Autstralia, 9-14 July 2006. OCLC: 83612316 PDF on file: 6789_Hammerschlag.pdf","usgsCitation":"Hammerschlag, D., and Krafft, C., 2006, Five years (2000-2004) of post-reconstruction monitoring of freshwater tidal wetlands in the urban Anacostia River, Washington, D.C. USA, chap. of Catchments to Coast: Australian Marine Sciences Association, 44th annual conference and the Society of Wetland Scientists 27th International Conference. Book of Abstracts, p. 53-54(abs).","startPage":"53","endPage":"54(abs)","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef307","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammerschlag, D.","contributorId":17335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammerschlag","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krafft, C.","contributorId":32263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krafft","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5200303,"text":"5200303 - 2006 - Avian comparisons between Kingman and Kenilworth Marshes: Final report 2001-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"5200303","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Avian comparisons between Kingman and Kenilworth Marshes: Final report 2001-2004","docAbstract":"In 2001 avi-fauna was added as a parameter to be monitored as an indicator of the status and relative success of the two reconstructed freshwater tidal wetlands residing in the Anacostia River estuary in Washington, D.C. at that time. They were Kenilworth Marsh which was reconstructed in 1993 and Kingman Marsh seven years later in 2000. Other studies were already underway looking at vegetation, seeds, soils and contaminants. Even though these new wetlands were relatively small, together about 70 acres, it was felt this might be sufficient area to sustain and attract birds to the habitat. Birds have been used elsewhere as wetland indicators and we hoped they could prove useful here especially in terms of numbers and species richness. The study was conducted for almost four years (2001-2004) and was designed to ascertain if the recently reconstructed Kingman Marsh evolved similarly with respect to the avi fauna as Kenilworth which had the seven year head start. Twelve observation points were established, six at each marsh, which were to be used weekly so as to alternate the high and low tidal regimes and the observation start times. Additional notations were recorded for species while walking between observation points. The course of the study became interrupted with the incursion of resident Canada geese particularly upon the Kingman Marsh site. Goose herbivory coupled with lowered sediment elevations reduced vegetation cover at Kingman Marsh to less than one-third its intended scope while Kenilworth was barely affected. The result was actually much less impact on the bird populations than on the vegetation. In fact the additional mudflat area at Kingman may have actually helped attract some birds. Together 177 species were identified at the marshes comprising 14 taxonomic orders and 16 families, 137 species at Kingman and 164 at Kenilworth. However, Kingman actually attracted more birds than Kenilworth, whether or not Canada Geese were included. At both wetlands winter usage was significantly greater than at other seasons; however, there were more species in the spring and summer. Three functional guilds were looked at in particular: wetland users, freshwater marsh users and mudflat/shore users. Mudflat users were greatest during the winter while marsh users were greater in the fall. Additional useful data was collected relative to the Canada Goose impacts. The interruption in marsh evolution at Kingman driven by the goose herbivory precluded the opportunity to use the avifauna as an indicator of marsh restoration success.","language":"English","publisher":"[USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center]","publisherLocation":"[Laurel, Maryland]","collaboration":" PDF on file: 6589_Paul.pdf","usgsCitation":"Paul, M., Krafft, C., and Hammerschlag, D., 2006, Avian comparisons between Kingman and Kenilworth Marshes: Final report 2001-2004, 79.","productDescription":"79","numberOfPages":"79","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91975,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/resshow/hammerschlag/FINAL%20VERSION_Avian%20Study.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64af7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paul, M.","contributorId":100096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krafft, C.","contributorId":32263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krafft","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hammerschlag, D.","contributorId":17335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammerschlag","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5200305,"text":"5200305 - 2006 - Final report (2002-2004): Benthic macroinvertebrate communities of reconstructed freshwater tidal wetlands in the Anacostia River, Washington, D.C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:15","indexId":"5200305","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Final report (2002-2004): Benthic macroinvertebrate communities of reconstructed freshwater tidal wetlands in the Anacostia River, Washington, D.C","docAbstract":"Considerable work has been conducted on the benthic communities of inland aquatic systems, but there remains a paucity of effort on freshwater tidal wetlands. This study characterized the benthic macroinvertebrate communities of recently reconstructed urban freshwater tidal wetlands along the Anacostia River in Washington, D.C. The focus of the study was on the two main areas of Kingman Marsh, which were reconstructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 2000 using Anacostia dredge material. Populations from this 'new' marsh were compared to those of similarly reconstructed Kenilworth Marsh (1993) just one half mile upstream, the relic reference Dueling Creek Marsh in the upper Anacostia estuary and the outside reference Patuxent freshwater tidal marsh in an adjacent watershed. Benthic macro invertebrate organisms were collected using selected techniques for evaluation including the Ekman bottom grab sampler, sediment corer, D-net and Hester-Dendy sampler. Samples were collected at least seasonally from tidal channels, tidal mudflats, three vegetation/sediment zones (low, middle and high marsh), and pools over a 3-year period (late 2001-2004). The macroinvertebrate communities present at the marsh sites proved to be good indicators of disturbance and stress (Kingman Marsh), pollution, urban vs. rural location (Kenilworth and Patuxent), and similarities between reconstructed and remnant wetlands (Kenilworth and Dueling Creek). Macroinvertebrate density was significantly greater at Kingman Marsh than Kenilworth Marsh due to more numerous chironomids and oligochaetes. This may reflect an increase in unvegetated sediments at Kingman (even at elevations above natural mudflat) due to grazing pressure from over-abundant resident Canada geese. Unvegetated sediments yielded greater macroinvertebrate abundance but lower richness than vegetated marsh sites. Data collected from this study provides information on the extent that benthic macroinvertebrate communities can serve as indicators of the relative success of freshwater tidal marsh reconstruction.","language":"English","publisher":"[USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center]","publisherLocation":"[Laurel, Maryland]","collaboration":" PDF on file: 6591_Brittingham.pdf","usgsCitation":"Brittingham, K., and Hammerschlag, R., 2006, Final report (2002-2004): Benthic macroinvertebrate communities of reconstructed freshwater tidal wetlands in the Anacostia River, Washington, D.C, 50.","productDescription":"50","numberOfPages":"50","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":91976,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/resshow/hammerschlag/Final%20Benthic%20Report_0706.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":201426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6883d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brittingham, K.D.","contributorId":75663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brittingham","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hammerschlag, R.S.","contributorId":78050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammerschlag","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5200304,"text":"5200304 - 2006 - Final Report: Five years of monitoring reconstructed freshwater tidal wetlands in the urban Anacostia River (2000-2004)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:16","indexId":"5200304","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Final Report: Five years of monitoring reconstructed freshwater tidal wetlands in the urban Anacostia River (2000-2004)","docAbstract":"The Anacostia River in Washington, D.C. USA consisted of over 809 hectares (2000 acres) of freshwater tidal wetlands before mandatory dredging removed most of them in the first half of the 20th century. Much of this13 kilometer (8 mile) reach was transferred to the National Park Service (NPS). Planning processes in the 1980?s envisioned a restoration (rejuvenation) of some wetlands for habitat, aesthetics, water quality and interpretative purposes. Subsequently, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in a cost share agreement with the District of Columbia reconstructed wetlands on NPS lands at Kenilworth - 12.5 hectares (1993), Kingman - 27 hectares (2000), a Fringe Marsh - 6.5 hectares (2003) and is currently constructing Heritage Marsh - 2.5 hectares (2005/2006). The USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center in conjunction with the University of Maryland Biological Engineering Department was contracted to conduct post-reconstruction monitoring (2000-2004) to document the relative success and progress of the Kingman Marsh reconstruction primarily based on vegetative response but also in conjunction with seed bank and soil characteristics. Results from Kingman were compared to Kenilworth Marsh (reconstructed 7 years prior), Dueling Creek Marsh (last best remaining freshwater tidal wetland bench in the urbanized Anacostia watershed) and Patuxent River Marsh (in a more natural adjacent watershed). Vegetation establishment was initially strong at Kingman, but declined rapidly as measured by cover, richness, diversity , etc. under grazing pressure from resident Canada geese and associated reduction in sediment levels. This decline did not occur at the other wetlands. The decline occurred despite a substantial seed bank that was sustained primarily be water born propagules. Soil development, as true for most juvenile wetlands, was slow with almost no organic matter accumulation. By 2004 only two of 7 planted species remained (mostly Peltandra virginica) at Kingman which did provide almost 50% of the approximately 1/3 total vegetation cover remaining.","language":"English","publisher":"[USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center]","publisherLocation":"[Laurel, Maryland]","collaboration":" PDF on file: 6590_Hammerschlag.pdf 6.2 MB","usgsCitation":"Hammerschlag, R., Baldwin, A., Krafft, C., Neff, K.P., Paul, M., Brittingham, K., Rusello, K., and Hatfield, J., 2006, Final Report: Five years of monitoring reconstructed freshwater tidal wetlands in the urban Anacostia River (2000-2004), 101.","productDescription":"101","numberOfPages":"101","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f484d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammerschlag, R.S.","contributorId":78050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammerschlag","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baldwin, A.H.","contributorId":24064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krafft, C.C.","contributorId":82425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krafft","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neff, K. P.","contributorId":91969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neff","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paul, M.M.","contributorId":89262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brittingham, K.D.","contributorId":75663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brittingham","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rusello, K.","contributorId":79595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rusello","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":5200313,"text":"5200313 - 2006 - Migration, home range, and important use areas of Florida sub-adult bald eagles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:18","indexId":"5200313","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Migration, home range, and important use areas of Florida sub-adult bald eagles","docAbstract":"Long distance movements of Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) have prevented a thorough documentation of their migration when monitored with traditional methods of banding and radio telemetry. I used satellite telemetry to determine diurnal and nocturnal important use areas (IUAs), migration routes, stopover sites, and home ranges of 69 migratory and non-migratory Florida sub-adult Bald Eagles. I located 151 daytime IUAs in 20 states and provinces, and 50 nocturnal roosts in 8 states and provinces. There was no difference in coarse home range size of migratory eagles between sexes in winter or summer (2-way ANOVA sex x season). Coarse home ranges were larger in winter ( x = 25,218 km2, 95% CI: 13,015 ? 37,421) than summer ( x = 6,166 km2, 95% CI: 2,696 ? 9,637; F1,64 = 4.03, P = 0.01). Eagles made equal use of Coastal Plain (n = 24) and Appalachian Mountain (n = 26) migratory routes during the first migration north. I recommend conserving nocturnal roosts and undeveloped shoreline forest within IUAs for sustained recruitment of Florida Bald Eagles.","language":"English","publisher":"M.S. thesis, University of Georgia","publisherLocation":"Athens, Georgia","collaboration":"Partically funded by Patuxent. PDF on file: 6652_Mojica.pdf","usgsCitation":"Mojica, E., 2006, Migration, home range, and important use areas of Florida sub-adult bald eagles, ix, 87.","productDescription":"ix, 87","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635581","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mojica, E.K.","contributorId":10513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mojica","given":"E.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5200296,"text":"5200296 - 2006 - Occupancy Estimation and Modeling : Inferring Patterns and Dynamics of Species Occurrence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:20","indexId":"5200296","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Occupancy Estimation and Modeling : Inferring Patterns and Dynamics of Species Occurrence","docAbstract":"This is the first book to examine the latest methods in analyzing presence/absence data surveys. Using four classes of models (single-species, single-season; single-species, multiple season; multiple-species, single-season; and multiple-species, multiple-season), the authors discuss the practical sampling situation, present a likelihood-based model enabling direct estimation of the occupancy-related parameters while allowing for imperfect detectability, and make recommendations for designing studies using these models. It provides authoritative insights into the latest in estimation modeling; discusses multiple models which lay the groundwork for future study designs; addresses critical issues of imperfect detectibility and its effects on estimation; and explores the role of probability in estimating in detail.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier/Academic Press","publisherLocation":"Burlington, MA","collaboration":"Visit URL for table of contents. ISBN: 0120887665 ; OCLC: 60856266 ","usgsCitation":"MacKenzie, D., Nichols, J., Royle, J., Pollock, K.H., Bailey, L., and Hines, J., 2006, Occupancy Estimation and Modeling : Inferring Patterns and Dynamics of Species Occurrence, xviii, 324.","productDescription":"xviii, 324","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696393","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacKenzie, D.I.","contributorId":69522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bailey, L.L. 0000-0002-5959-2018","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-2018","contributorId":61006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"L.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":327449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5200306,"text":"5200306 - 2006 - Contaminant exposure and potential effects on terrestrial vertebrates residing in the National Capital Region network and Mid-Atlantic network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-04T08:59:19","indexId":"5200306","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"title":"Contaminant exposure and potential effects on terrestrial vertebrates residing in the National Capital Region network and Mid-Atlantic network","docAbstract":"
Part of the mission of the National Park Service is to preserve the natural resources, processes, systems, and associated values of its units in an unimpaired condition. Environmental contamination and pollution processes are well recognized stressors addressed by its management policies and plans. A recent study indicates that contemporary terrestrial vertebrate ecotoxicological data are lacking for 59 of 126 Park Service units located in coastal watersheds exhibiting serious water quality problems or high vulnerability to pollution. Based upon these findings, a more in-depth evaluation of contaminant threats and ecotoxicological data gaps related to terrestrial vertebrates was undertaken at 23 Inventory and Monitoring National Park units in National Capital Region and Mid-Atlantic Networks.
\n
Ecotoxicological data were compiled for each park unit through literature searches and meetings with Park Service personnel. Information on contemporary and on persistent legacy pollutants in air, water, soil, and terrestrial vertebrates (amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals) were evaluated. To identify contaminant threats in proximity to the 23 Park Service study units, data was gathered on National Priority List Superfund sites, Section 303(d) Impaired Waterbodies, the number and relative toxicity of current use pesticides and herbicides, Toxic Release Inventory sites and discharge of priority pollutants, and Fish Consumption Advisories. A metric was derived that described the quality and quantity of existing data for each park, and in combination with known contaminant threats, park units in need of additional study were identified.
\n
Results demonstrated that over half of the Park Service study units are near Toxic Release Inventory sites discharging dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, lead or mercury into air or water, and fish consumption advisories are in effect at or near 22 of the 23 study units. Pesticide and herbicide use at the park units is minimal, with the exception of those units with significant agricultural leases. Despite highly regulated use, many of the pesticides and herbicides applied are believed to be highly toxic to amphibians, and some of the compounds are also highly toxic to birds. Only 70 reports were found that describe terrestrial vertebrate ecotoxicology data on or near the study units. Of the greater than 75,000 compounds in commerce in the United States, existing terrestrial vertebrate exposure and effects data in the pr esent study were limited to 58 legacy organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and individual congeners, insecticides and rodenticides, metals, and some contemporary compounds (e.g., polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants, and alkylphenol and ethoxylate surfactants).
\n
Based upon these and other findings, ecotoxicological monitoring and research investigations of terrestrial vertebrates are warranted at several National Parks. These include Shenandoah National Park, Richmond National Battlefield, Chesapeake & Ohio Canal National Historic Park, Valley Forge National Historic Park, Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site, Monocacy National Battlefield, and Harpers Ferry National Historic Park. The types of investigations vary according to the species present at these parks and potential contaminant threats, but should focus on contemporary use pesticides and herbicides, polychlorinated biphenyls, mercury, lead, and perhaps, emerging contaminants including antibiotics, flame retardants, pharmaceuticals, and surfactants. Other management recommendations include additional training for natural resource staff members in the area of ecotoxicology, inclusion of terrestrial vertebrate contaminant monitoring and the Contaminant Assessment Process (U.S. Geological Survey Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends Project) into the National Park Service Vital Signs Program, development of protocols for hand ling and toxicological analysis of dead or seemingly affected wildlife, consideration of some alternative methods and compounds for pest management and weed control, and use of non-toxic fishing tackle by visitors. 
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","collaboration":"Interagency Acquisition Agreement F3992040005","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B., and Ackerson, B., 2006, Contaminant exposure and potential effects on terrestrial vertebrates residing in the National Capital Region network and Mid-Atlantic network, viii, 201.","productDescription":"viii, 201","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320942,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://nature.nps.gov/air/Pubs/toxics.cfm?CFID=23307971&CFTOKEN=bcf94406d30857b8-D86DBD88-155D-AD0C-81B255FF925F11D0"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.8486328125,\n 36.870832155646326\n ],\n [\n -79.8486328125,\n 40.463666324587685\n ],\n [\n -75.1025390625,\n 40.463666324587685\n ],\n [\n -75.1025390625,\n 36.870832155646326\n ],\n [\n -79.8486328125,\n 36.870832155646326\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db69705e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":327481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerson, B.K.","contributorId":20853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerson","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70140565,"text":"70140565 - 2006 - Spectroscopic and x-ray diffraction analyses of asbestos in the World Trade Center dust: Asbestos content of the settled dust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-05T15:56:10.302033","indexId":"70140565","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"3","title":"Spectroscopic and x-ray diffraction analyses of asbestos in the World Trade Center dust: Asbestos content of the settled dust","docAbstract":"

On September 17 and 18, 2001, samples of settled dust and airfall debris were collected from 34 sites within a 1-km radius of the WTC collapse site, including a sample from an indoor location unaffected by rainfall, and samples of insulation from two steel beams at Ground Zero. Laboratory spectral and x-ray diffraction analyses of the field samples detected trace levels of serpentine minerals, including chrysotile asbestos, in about two-thirds of the dust samples at concentrations at or below ~1 wt%. One sample of a beam coating material contained up to 20 wt% chrysotile asbestos. Analyses indicate that trace levels of chrysotile were distributed with the dust radially to distances greater than 0.75 km from Ground Zero. The chrysotile content of the dust is variable and may indicate that chrysotile asbestos was not distributed uniformly during the three collapse events.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Urban Aerosols and Their Impacts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/bk-2006-0919.ch003","usgsCitation":"Swayze, G.A., Clark, R.N., Sutley, S.J., Hoefen, T.M., Plumlee, G.S., Meeker, G.P., Brownfield, I., Livo, K.E., and Morath, L.C., 2006, Spectroscopic and x-ray diffraction analyses of asbestos in the World Trade Center dust: Asbestos content of the settled dust, chap. 3 of Urban Aerosols and Their Impacts, p. 40-65, https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2006-0919.ch003.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297849,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"World Trade Center site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.02055740356445,\n 40.699901911003046\n ],\n [\n -73.99703979492188,\n 40.699901911003046\n ],\n [\n -73.99703979492188,\n 40.72202247464282\n ],\n [\n -74.02055740356445,\n 40.72202247464282\n ],\n [\n -74.02055740356445,\n 40.699901911003046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c5fe4b08de9379b3763","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swayze, Gregg A. 0000-0002-1814-7823 gswayze@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"Gregg","email":"gswayze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sutley, Stephen J.","contributorId":60296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meeker, Gregory P.","contributorId":62974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brownfield, Isabelle","contributorId":42986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Isabelle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Livo, Keith E. 0000-0001-7331-8130 elivo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":1750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"Keith","email":"elivo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Morath, Laurie C.","contributorId":99225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morath","given":"Laurie","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70184421,"text":"70184421 - 2006 - Sand mining impacts on long-term dune erosion in southern Monterey Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T14:22:30","indexId":"70184421","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sand mining impacts on long-term dune erosion in southern Monterey Bay","docAbstract":"

Southern Monterey Bay was the most intensively mined shoreline (with sand removed directly from the surf zone) in the U.S. during the period from 1906 until 1990, when the mines were closed following hypotheses that the mining caused coastal erosion. It is estimated that the yearly averaged amount of mined sand between 1940 and 1984 was 128,000 m3/yr, which is approximately 50% of the yearly average dune volume loss during this period. To assess the impact of sand mining, erosion rates along an 18 km range of shoreline during the times of intensive sand mining (1940–1990) are compared with the rates after sand mining ceased (1990–2004). Most of the shoreline is composed of unconsolidated sand with extensive sand dunes rising up to a height of 46 m, vulnerable to the erosive forces of storm waves. Erosion is defined here as a recession of the top edge of the dune. Recession was determined using stereo-photogrammetry, and LIDAR and GPS surveys. Long-term erosion rates vary from about 0.5 m/yr at Monterey to 1.5 m/yr in the middle of the range, and then decrease northward. Erosion events are episodic and occur when storm waves and high tides coincide, allowing swash to undercut the dune and resulting in permanent recession. Erosion appears to be correlated with the occurrence of El Niños. The calculated volume loss of the dune in southern Monterey Bay during the 1997–98 El Niño winter was 1,820,000 m3, which is almost seven times the historical annual mean dune erosion of 270,000 m3/yr. The alongshore variation in recession rates appears to be a function of the alongshore gradient in mean wave energy and depletions by sand mining. After cessation of sand mining in 1990, the erosion rates decreased at locations in the southern end of the bay but have not significantly changed at other locations.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2006.02.005","usgsCitation":"Thornton, E., Sallenger, A., Sesto, J.C., Egley, L., McGee, T., and Parsons, R., 2006, Sand mining impacts on long-term dune erosion in southern Monterey Bay: Marine Geology, v. 229, no. 1-2, p. 45-58, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2006.02.005.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"58","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337111,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey Bay Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.43988037109374,\n 36.24648828212654\n ],\n [\n -121.46759033203125,\n 36.24648828212654\n ],\n [\n -121.46759033203125,\n 37.08804885952269\n ],\n [\n -122.43988037109374,\n 37.08804885952269\n ],\n [\n -122.43988037109374,\n 36.24648828212654\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"229","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c1263ce4b014cc3a3d34a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thornton, E.B.","contributorId":103828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornton","given":"E.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sallenger, Abby","contributorId":9363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"Abby","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sesto, Juan Conforto","contributorId":187700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sesto","given":"Juan","email":"","middleInitial":"Conforto","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Egley, L.","contributorId":46428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Egley","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGee, Timothy","contributorId":187701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGee","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parsons, Rost","contributorId":187703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parsons","given":"Rost","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70184418,"text":"70184418 - 2006 - Geochemistry of the Amazon Estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-14T17:21:56.464013","indexId":"70184418","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geochemistry of the Amazon Estuary","docAbstract":"

The Amazon River supplies more freshwater to the ocean than any other river in the world. This enormous volume of freshwater forces the estuarine mixing out of the river channel and onto the continental shelf. On the continental shelf, the estuarine mixing occurs in a very dynamic environment unlike that of a typical estuary. The tides, the wind, and the boundary current that sweeps the continental shelf have a pronounced influence on the chemical and biological processes occurring within the estuary. The dynamic environment, along with the enormous supply of water, solutes and particles makes the Amazon estuary unique. This chapter describes the unique features of the Amazon estuary and how these features influence the processes occurring within the estuary. Examined are the supply and cycling of major and minor elements, and the use of naturally occurring radionuclides to trace processes including water movement, scavenging, sediment-water interaction, and sediment accumulation rates. The biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, and the significances of the Amazon estuary in the global mass balance of these elements are examined.

","largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of environmental chemistry","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Berlin","doi":"10.1007/698_5_029","usgsCitation":"Smoak, J.M., Krest, J.M., and Swarzenski, P.W., 2006, Geochemistry of the Amazon Estuary, chap. of Handbook of environmental chemistry, v. 5H, p. 71-90, https://doi.org/10.1007/698_5_029.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"90","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337108,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil, French Guiana","otherGeospatial":"Amazon River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"stroke\": \"#555555\",\n \"stroke-width\": 2,\n \"stroke-opacity\": 1,\n \"fill\": \"#555555\",\n \"fill-opacity\": 0.5\n },\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -53.02001953125,\n -2.4162756547063857\n ],\n [\n -48.0322265625,\n -2.4162756547063857\n ],\n [\n -48.0322265625,\n 2.2406396093827334\n ],\n [\n -53.02001953125,\n 2.2406396093827334\n ],\n [\n -53.02001953125,\n -2.4162756547063857\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5H","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c1263de4b014cc3a3d34a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smoak, Joseph M.","contributorId":32392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoak","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krest, James M.","contributorId":66785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krest","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":120572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70184415,"text":"70184415 - 2006 - Hurricanes 2004: An overview of their characteristics and coastal change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T13:57:46","indexId":"70184415","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hurricanes 2004: An overview of their characteristics and coastal change","docAbstract":"

Four hurricanes battered the state of Florida during 2004, the most affecting any state since Texas endured four in 1884. Each of the storms changed the coast differently. Average shoreline change within the right front quadrant of hurricane force winds varied from 1 m of shoreline advance to 20 m of retreat, whereas average sand volume change varied from 11 to 66 m3 m−1 of net loss (erosion). These changes did not scale simply with hurricane intensity as described by the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. The strongest storm of the season, category 4 Hurricane Charley, had the least shoreline retreat. This was likely because of other factors like the storm's rapid forward speed and small size that generated a lower storm surge than expected. Two of the storms, Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne, affected nearly the same area on the Florida east coast just 3 wk apart. The first storm, Frances, although weaker than the second, caused greater shoreline retreat and sand volume erosion. As a consequence, Hurricane Frances may have stripped away protective beach and exposed dunes to direct wave attack during Jeanne, although there was significant dune erosion during both storms. The maximum shoreline change for all four hurricanes occurred during Ivan on the coasts of eastern Alabama and the Florida Panhandle. The net volume change across a barrier island within the Ivan impact zone approached zero because of massive overwash that approximately balanced erosion of the beach. These data from the 2004 hurricane season will prove useful in developing new ways to scale and predict coastal-change effects during hurricanes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02798647","usgsCitation":"Sallenger, A., Stockdon, H., Fauver, L.A., Hansen, M., Thompson, D., Wright, C., and Lillycrop, J., 2006, Hurricanes 2004: An overview of their characteristics and coastal change: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 29, no. 6, p. 880-888, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02798647.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"880","endPage":"888","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337105,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.1533203125,\n 23.443088931121785\n ],\n [\n -77.2998046875,\n 23.443088931121785\n ],\n [\n -77.2998046875,\n 34.63320791137959\n ],\n [\n -92.1533203125,\n 34.63320791137959\n ],\n [\n -92.1533203125,\n 23.443088931121785\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c1263de4b014cc3a3d34aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sallenger, Asbury H. Jr.","contributorId":27458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"Asbury H.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stockdon, Hilary","contributorId":100090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockdon","given":"Hilary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fauver, Laura A.","contributorId":105384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fauver","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hansen, Mark","contributorId":81893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, David","contributorId":68216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne","contributorId":52097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C. Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lillycrop, Jeff","contributorId":62027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillycrop","given":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70242797,"text":"70242797 - 2006 - The utility of gravity and magnetic methods for understanding subsurface hydrogeology in large alluvial watersheds: Examples from urbanized basins of the Western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T16:35:12.725191","indexId":"70242797","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-30T10:53:19","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The utility of gravity and magnetic methods for understanding subsurface hydrogeology in large alluvial watersheds: Examples from urbanized basins of the Western United States","docAbstract":"

Population continues to grow rapidly within the large alluvial watersheds associated with structural basins of the Basin and Range Province and the Rio Grande rift of the western United States. Increasing demands on ground‐water resources in these basins, combined with water‐rights disputes, have amplified the need for improved understanding of subsurface hydrogeology. Gravity and magnetic methods provide cost‐effective information critical to the understanding of the subsurface geology that controls hydrology at watershed scales. Gravity models are used to estimate the variations in the overall thickness of basin‐fill aquifers and to define major subbasin boundaries that partition flow systems. High‐resolution aeromagnetic surveys can be used to map the distribution of volcanic and other crystalline rocks in the shallow subsurface that impede flow. In certain geologic settings, the aeromagnetic data can be used to infer the base of basin aquifers or reveal buried, shallow paleotopography. In addition, the utility of high‐resolution aeromagnetic data to locate partially or wholly concealed faults within basin sediments is a non‐conventional application that has gained prominence in recent years. Examples of these uses of gravity and magnetic methods come from studies of basins within the Albuquerque‐Santa Fe, NM, urban corridor, the Virgin Valley in the tristate area of NV, AZ, and UT, the upper Verde River watershed near Prescott, AZ, and the San Luis Valley surrounding Alamosa, CO.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Symposium on the application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.4133/1.2923736","usgsCitation":"Grauch, V.J., and Langenheim, V., 2006, The utility of gravity and magnetic methods for understanding subsurface hydrogeology in large alluvial watersheds: Examples from urbanized basins of the Western United States, in Symposium on the application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems proceedings, p. 938-951, https://doi.org/10.4133/1.2923736.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"938","endPage":"951","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415925,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489 tien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"tien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":221236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70242733,"text":"70242733 - 2006 - Resistivity imaging in eastern Nevada Using the audiomagnetotelluric method for hydrogeologic framework studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-14T15:16:36.932057","indexId":"70242733","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-30T09:58:33","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Resistivity imaging in eastern Nevada Using the audiomagnetotelluric method for hydrogeologic framework studies","docAbstract":"

Inversion of audiomagnetotelluric (AMT) sounding data collected in eastern Nevada shows significant structure within the upper kilometer of the subsurface that defines the geologic framework from which hydrologic models will be developed. We collected AMT data along two profiles in Spring and Cave valleys in 2004–2005, using the Geometrics StrataGem EH4 system, a four‐channel, natural and controlled‐source tensor system recording in the range of 10–92,000 Hz. Profiles were 12 and 3 km in length with station spacing of 200–400 m. Two‐dimensional inverse models show detailed structure within the alluvial basin including clear transitions between unsaturated and saturated alluvium/volcanic rocks, highly‐resistive (>1000 ohm‐m) carbonate rocks, and the locations of range‐front and intra‐basin faults. In addition, our results define the shape of and the depth to the basement surface, which correlates well with depth to basement estimates derived from the inversion of gravity data.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2006","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society","doi":"10.4133/1.2923711","usgsCitation":"McPhee, D., Pellerin, L., Churchel, B.A., Tilden, J.E., and Dixon, G.L., 2006, Resistivity imaging in eastern Nevada Using the audiomagnetotelluric method for hydrogeologic framework studies, in Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2006, p. 712-718, https://doi.org/10.4133/1.2923711.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"712","endPage":"718","costCenters":[{"id":64806,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477292,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.521.7222","text":"External Repository"},{"id":415780,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McPhee, Darcy 0000-0002-5177-3068 dmcphee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5177-3068","contributorId":2621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhee","given":"Darcy","email":"dmcphee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":412,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pellerin, Louise","contributorId":20824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Louise","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Churchel, B. A.","contributorId":151076,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Churchel","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tilden, Janet E. 0000-0002-4759-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":20423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilden","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dixon, Gary L.","contributorId":23571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70242732,"text":"70242732 - 2006 - LIDAR & SASW technologies for geotechnical earthquake engineering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-14T14:56:32.54226","indexId":"70242732","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-30T09:52:27","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"LIDAR & SASW technologies for geotechnical earthquake engineering","docAbstract":"

Geotechnical engineering methods are validated through comparison of field‐data of surface deformations and sub‐surface state properties. Recent advances in non‐invasive surface imaging and sub‐surface stiffness characterization allow us to rapidly and inexpensively map these spatial and physical properties in two and three dimensions. In this paper, we discuss new technologies used at the United States Geological Survey (USGS), ground‐based LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) used to create ultra high‐resolution three‐dimensional digital terrain models, and surface wave methods used to characterize soil stiffness properties. The power of LIDAR technology in earthquake engineering is its ability to rapidly capture the extremely high detail of failure morphologies, to view them in orientations not previously possible, and to permanently archive them for the engineering research community. The power of surface wave methods, like Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW), is their ability to non‐invasively and rapidly characterize the stiffness of the ground, to be relatively lightweight and efficient in deployment; and to accurately profile difficult materials such as gravely deposits and stiff soils where conventional methods are not practical. Three active‐source SASW systems used by the USGS are described here, a single‐source harmonic wave vibration system; a large parallel‐array harmonic wave source system; and a seafloor harmonic wave source system. LIDAR and SASW methods allow researchers to directly relate detailed surface damage with the shear wave velocity properties of the ground. LIDAR imagery and movies, and SASW datasets can be viewed at http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/geotech.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Symposium on the application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems 2006","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society","doi":"10.4133/1.2923583","usgsCitation":"Kayen, R., and Collins, B.D., 2006, LIDAR & SASW technologies for geotechnical earthquake engineering, in Symposium on the application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems 2006, p. 1259-1269, https://doi.org/10.4133/1.2923583.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1259","endPage":"1269","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415779,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kayen, Robert 0000-0002-0356-072X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0356-072X","contributorId":219065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, Brian D. 0000-0003-4881-5359 bcollins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4881-5359","contributorId":149278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian","email":"bcollins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81295,"text":"ofr20051082B - 2006 - Ground-water levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2004-05","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":79523,"text":"ofr20051082 - 2006 - Ground-Water Levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2004-05","indexId":"ofr20051082","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-Water Levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2004-05"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":81295,"text":"ofr20051082B - 2006 - Ground-water levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2004-05","indexId":"ofr20051082B","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Ground-water levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2004-05"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T22:24:58.431265","indexId":"ofr20051082B","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1082","chapter":"B","title":"Ground-water levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2004-05","docAbstract":"In 1990, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed a study of the hydrogeology of Huron County, Michigan (Sweat, 1991). In 1993, Huron County and the USGS entered into a continuing agreement to measure water levels at selected wells throughout Huron County. As part of the agreement, USGS has operated four continuous water-level recorders, installed from 1988 to 1991 on wells in Bingham, Fairhaven, Grant, and Lake Townships (fig. 1) and summarized the data collected in an annual or bi-annual report. The agreement was altered in 2003, and beginning January 1, 2004, only the wells in Fairhaven and Lake Townships retained continuous waterlevel recorders, while the wells in Grant and Bingham Townships reverted primarily to periodic or quarterly measurement status. USGS also has provided training for County or Huron Conservation District personnel to measure the water level, on a quarterly basis, in 25 wells. USGS personnel regularly accompany County or Huron Conservation District personnel to provide a quality assurance/quality control check of all measurements being made. Water-level data collected from the 25 periodically or quarterly-measured wells is summarized in an annual or bi-annual report. In 1998, the USGS also completed a temporal and spatial analysis of the monitoring well network in Huron County (Holtschlag and Sweat, 1998). \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThe altitude of Lake Huron and precipitation are good indicators of general climatic conditions and, therefore, provide an environmental context for ground-water levels in Huron County. Figure 2 shows the mean-monthly water-level altitude of Lake Huron, averaged from measurements made by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers at sites near Essexville or Harbor Beach, or both (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2003-05), and monthly precipitation measured in Bad Axe (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2003-05). In March 2003, a new low-water level for the period from 1991 through 2005 was measured in Lake Huron. There was almost no net change in the water level of Lake Huron from January 2004 through December 2005. In 2004, annual precipitation measured in Port Hope was about 3.7 inches above normal, but precipitation measured in Bad Axe was about 1.4 inches below normal. About 14.5 inches of precipitation was measured in Bad Axe during the 2004 summer growing season (May through August), which is about the same as was measured in Port Hope during the same period. Provisional precipitation totals for 2005 were 30.7 inches for January through November in Port Hope, and about 31.7 inches for the year in Bad Axe. About 10.6 inches of precipitation was measured in Bad Axe during the 2005 summer growing season, which is about 0.2 inches more than was recorded at Port Hope during the same period. \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nTwo wells equipped with continuous-data recorders are completed in the Saginaw and Marshall aquifers in Fairhaven and Lake Townships, respectively. From January 2004 through December 2005, the net rise in the water level in the Fairhaven Township well was 0.71 ft, and the net rise in the Lake Township well was 0.98 ft. The Fairhaven Township well is drilled adjacent to Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron), and, as previously noted, there was almost no net change in the water level in Saginaw Bay over the same period. Hydrographs showing water levels are presented for the two wells equipped with continuous-data recorders. Continuous-data recorders were discontinued in the Grant and Bingham Township wells at the end of 2003 due to budget constraints. The decision of which two wells to discontinue was based on an analysis of the intrinsic value to Huron County of data from each well. The Grant Township well was selected for periodic or quarterly measurement at that time because it is completed in the glacial aquifer, which is little used for drinking water purposes or absent in much of Huron County. The Bingham Township well, which is completed in the Marshall aquifer, was selected for","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051082B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Huron County, Michigan","usgsCitation":"Weaver, T.L., Crowley, S.L., and Blumer, S.P., 2006, Ground-water levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2004-05: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1082, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051082B.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422662,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78802.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11337,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1082b/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195234,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051082B.JPG"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Huron County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"1259\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Huron\",\"state\":\"MI\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-82.9219,44.0668],[-82.9138,44.0639],[-82.9081,44.0628],[-82.8963,44.0584],[-82.8914,44.0537],[-82.8877,44.0522],[-82.8753,44.0464],[-82.8626,44.0452],[-82.8482,44.0402],[-82.8419,44.0405],[-82.8262,44.0359],[-82.8179,44.0353],[-82.8161,44.0347],[-82.8136,44.0324],[-82.8118,44.0314],[-82.8068,44.0295],[-82.7967,44.0274],[-82.7919,44.0231],[-82.7888,44.0212],[-82.7877,44.018],[-82.7824,44.0101],[-82.7805,44.0091],[-82.7735,44.0103],[-82.7678,44.0097],[-82.7659,44.0087],[-82.7622,44.0068],[-82.7543,44.0011],[-82.7483,43.9945],[-82.7408,43.9916],[-82.7384,43.9893],[-82.7314,43.9776],[-82.726,43.9716],[-82.7233,43.9633],[-82.7222,43.9592],[-82.7192,43.9559],[-82.7089,43.9474],[-82.7073,43.9423],[-82.7005,43.9376],[-82.6979,43.9288],[-82.6936,43.926],[-82.6925,43.9218],[-82.6897,43.9154],[-82.6855,43.9112],[-82.686,43.9021],[-82.6843,43.8984],[-82.6755,43.8858],[-82.6659,43.8755],[-82.6561,43.8688],[-82.6549,43.8674],[-82.6546,43.8619],[-82.6482,43.8522],[-82.6458,43.8485],[-82.6453,43.8471],[-82.6453,43.8462],[-82.648,43.844],[-82.6481,43.8431],[-82.6469,43.8417],[-82.6438,43.8393],[-82.6358,43.8345],[-82.6356,43.8277],[-82.6338,43.8258],[-82.6302,43.8102],[-82.6248,43.8046],[-82.6259,43.7973],[-82.6247,43.7959],[-82.6232,43.7886],[-82.6166,43.7824],[-82.6143,43.7774],[-82.6171,43.7733],[-82.6176,43.7533],[-82.6108,43.7385],[-82.6099,43.7225],[-82.6072,43.7138],[-82.6099,43.6998],[-82.6072,43.6906],[-82.6403,43.6893],[-82.7601,43.6854],[-82.8794,43.6815],[-83.0005,43.6788],[-83.1184,43.675],[-83.2357,43.6725],[-83.3536,43.6686],[-83.4664,43.6657],[-83.4668,43.7409],[-83.4624,43.7417],[-83.4543,43.7529],[-83.4509,43.7569],[-83.4438,43.7609],[-83.4428,43.7672],[-83.4341,43.7793],[-83.432,43.7838],[-83.4222,43.7886],[-83.4188,43.7935],[-83.4161,43.798],[-83.4146,43.8039],[-83.41,43.8075],[-83.4118,43.8102],[-83.4117,43.8112],[-83.4104,43.812],[-83.4034,43.8119],[-83.4028,43.8123],[-83.3981,43.8177],[-83.3891,43.8339],[-83.3864,43.837],[-83.3901,43.8403],[-83.3897,43.8485],[-83.3903,43.8498],[-83.3883,43.8516],[-83.3825,43.8542],[-83.3652,43.8561],[-83.3594,43.8587],[-83.3494,43.8685],[-83.3421,43.8765],[-83.3284,43.8848],[-83.3301,43.8881],[-83.3273,43.8944],[-83.3264,43.8989],[-83.3314,43.9027],[-83.3445,43.9062],[-83.3686,43.9086],[-83.3824,43.9112],[-83.3907,43.9091],[-83.4027,43.9112],[-83.4018,43.9166],[-83.3747,43.9137],[-83.3326,43.9177],[-83.314,43.9209],[-83.301,43.9265],[-83.2938,43.9314],[-83.2853,43.9366],[-83.2832,43.9407],[-83.2754,43.9451],[-83.2783,43.9492],[-83.2783,43.9501],[-83.2756,43.9533],[-83.2714,43.9605],[-83.2642,43.979],[-83.2636,43.979],[-83.2443,43.9831],[-83.2366,43.9847],[-83.1939,43.9873],[-83.1793,43.986],[-83.1787,43.986],[-83.1722,43.9886],[-83.1478,43.9925],[-83.1264,44.002],[-83.1211,44.005],[-83.1172,44.0063],[-83.1039,44.006],[-83.0906,44.0052],[-83.0823,44.005],[-83.0709,44.0042],[-83.0671,44.0037],[-83.0554,44.0084],[-83.0548,44.0079],[-83.0427,44.0217],[-83.0418,44.0253],[-83.0396,44.0312],[-83.0341,44.0402],[-83.0307,44.0433],[-83.0305,44.0474],[-83.0299,44.0474],[-83.0159,44.0479],[-83.0101,44.0487],[-82.996,44.0506],[-82.9843,44.0548],[-82.9684,44.0681],[-82.9607,44.0692],[-82.9594,44.0687],[-82.9602,44.066],[-82.9596,44.0656],[-82.9507,44.0639],[-82.9411,44.0664],[-82.9275,44.0706],[-82.9256,44.0706],[-82.9237,44.0701],[-82.9231,44.0682],[-82.9219,44.0668]]],[[[-83.4078,43.8275],[-83.4099,43.8225],[-83.4159,43.8167],[-83.4303,43.8202],[-83.4361,43.8199],[-83.4425,43.8173],[-83.444,43.8119],[-83.4511,43.8102],[-83.4617,43.8132],[-83.4602,43.8187],[-83.4579,43.8282],[-83.4531,43.8349],[-83.4512,43.8367],[-83.4442,43.8361],[-83.4445,43.8306],[-83.4415,43.8255],[-83.4365,43.824],[-83.4388,43.8286],[-83.436,43.8345],[-83.4389,43.84],[-83.4402,43.841],[-83.4444,43.8452],[-83.4449,43.8488],[-83.448,43.8512],[-83.4496,43.8567],[-83.4476,43.8603],[-83.4444,43.8611],[-83.4335,43.8618],[-83.4295,43.8535],[-83.4327,43.8513],[-83.4386,43.8487],[-83.4268,43.8411],[-83.41,43.8344],[-83.4096,43.8302],[-83.4078,43.8275]]],[[[-83.4138,43.8773],[-83.4164,43.8764],[-83.4214,43.8779],[-83.4277,43.8785],[-83.4295,43.8808],[-83.4319,43.8827],[-83.4319,43.8841],[-83.4299,43.8858],[-83.4311,43.8877],[-83.4291,43.8886],[-83.4255,43.8848],[-83.4205,43.8824],[-83.4194,43.8801],[-83.4156,43.8782],[-83.4138,43.8773]]],[[[-83.4892,43.7656],[-83.4911,43.7647],[-83.4924,43.7656],[-83.4942,43.767],[-83.4954,43.768],[-83.496,43.7694],[-83.4959,43.7721],[-83.4913,43.7752],[-83.4895,43.7733],[-83.4883,43.7724],[-83.4871,43.771],[-83.4872,43.7687],[-83.4879,43.7669],[-83.4892,43.7656]]],[[[-83.4212,43.8123],[-83.418,43.8113],[-83.4174,43.8117],[-83.4175,43.8095],[-83.4189,43.8068],[-83.4215,43.805],[-83.4228,43.805],[-83.4246,43.806],[-83.4252,43.8065],[-83.4239,43.8087],[-83.4238,43.811],[-83.4225,43.8114],[-83.4212,43.8123]]],[[[-83.4617,43.7572],[-83.4655,43.7559],[-83.4668,43.7559],[-83.4686,43.7574],[-83.4686,43.7583],[-83.4667,43.7591],[-83.4653,43.7614],[-83.4614,43.7631],[-83.4596,43.7612],[-83.4577,43.7612],[-83.4597,43.7576],[-83.4617,43.7572]]],[[[-83.4582,43.8072],[-83.457,43.8045],[-83.4589,43.8045],[-83.4609,43.8023],[-83.4622,43.8014],[-83.4635,43.8023],[-83.464,43.8051],[-83.4626,43.8078],[-83.4594,43.8086],[-83.4588,43.8077],[-83.4582,43.8072]]],[[[-83.4751,43.7971],[-83.477,43.7967],[-83.4783,43.7972],[-83.4794,43.8],[-83.4781,43.8013],[-83.4743,43.8021],[-83.4718,43.8012],[-83.4712,43.8007],[-83.4719,43.7989],[-83.4725,43.798],[-83.4751,43.7971]]],[[[-83.4665,44.0056],[-83.4716,44.0048],[-83.4767,44.0054],[-83.4785,44.0068],[-83.4784,44.0087],[-83.474,44.0095],[-83.4688,44.0103],[-83.4657,44.0093],[-83.4665,44.0056]]],[[[-83.4382,44.0273],[-83.4383,44.0246],[-83.4414,44.026],[-83.445,44.0302],[-83.4427,44.0388],[-83.4352,44.0359],[-83.4296,44.0331],[-83.4304,44.0299],[-83.4382,44.0273]]]]}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d60a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weaver, T. L.","contributorId":24339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crowley, S. L.","contributorId":77614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blumer, S. P.","contributorId":23938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blumer","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":81279,"text":"ofr20061203 - 2006 - Reconnaissance borehole geophysical, geological, and hydrological data from the proposed hydrodynamic compartments of the Culpeper Basin in Loudoun, Prince William, Culpeper, Orange, and Fairfax Counties, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-09T21:34:19.437655","indexId":"ofr20061203","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1203","title":"Reconnaissance borehole geophysical, geological, and hydrological data from the proposed hydrodynamic compartments of the Culpeper Basin in Loudoun, Prince William, Culpeper, Orange, and Fairfax Counties, Virginia","docAbstract":"The Culpeper basin is part of a much larger system of ancient depressions or troughs, that lie inboard of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, and largely within the Applachian Piedmont Geologic Province of eastern North America, and the transition region with the neighboring Blue Ridge Geologic Province. This basin system formed during an abortive attempt to make a great ocean basin during the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic, and the eroded remnants of the basins record major episodes of sedimentation, igneous intrusion and eruption, and pervasive contact metamorphism. Altogether, some twenty nine basins formed between what is now Nova Scotia and Georgia. Many of these basins are discontinuous along their strike, and have therefore recorded isolated environments for fluvial and lacustrine sedimentation. \r\n\r\nSeveral basins (including the Culpeper, Gettysburg, and Newark basins) are fault-bounded on the west, and Mesozoic crustal stretching has produced assymetrical patterns of basin subsidence resulting in a progressive basin deepening to the west, and a virtual onlap relationship with the pre-basin Proterozoic rocks to the east. A result of such a pattern of basin deepening is the development of sequences of sandstones and siltstones that systemmatically increase in dip towards the accomodating western border faults. A second major structural theme in several of the major Mesozoic basins (including the Culpeper) concerns the geometry of igneous intrusion, as discussed below. Froelich (1982, 1985) and Lee and Froelich (1989) discuss the general geology of the Culpeper basin, and Smoot (1989) discusses the sedimentation environments and sedimentary facies of the Mesozoic with respect to fluvial and shallow lacustrine deposition in the Culpeper basin. Ryan and others, 2007a, b, discuss the role of diabase-induced compartmentalization in the Culpeper basin (and other Mesozoic basins), and illustrate (using alteration mineral suites within the diabase and adjacent hornfels, among other evidence) how this process has played a role in organizing the paleo- and contemporary-flow of crustal fluids at local and regional scales. Within this report, the Newark Supergroup nomenclature of Weems and Olsen (1997) is adopted.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061203","isbn":"9781411320314","usgsCitation":"Ryan, M.P., Pierce, H., Johnson, C.D., Sutphin, D., Daniels, D.L., Smoot, J.P., Costain, J.K., Coruh, C., and Harlow, G., 2006, Reconnaissance borehole geophysical, geological, and hydrological data from the proposed hydrodynamic compartments of the Culpeper Basin in Loudoun, Prince William, Culpeper, Orange, and Fairfax Counties, Virginia (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1203, Report: vi, 43 p.; ReadMe; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061203.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 43 p.; ReadMe; Data Files","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402038,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83665.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11320,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1203/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Culpeper County, Fairfax County, Loudoun County, Orange County, Prince William County","otherGeospatial":"Culpeper Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.35,\n 38.1333\n ],\n [\n -77.29,\n 38.1333\n ],\n [\n -77.29,\n 38.45\n ],\n [\n -78.35,\n 38.45\n ],\n [\n -78.35,\n 38.1333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db644472","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryan, Michael P.","contributorId":77225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, Herbert A.","contributorId":83093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Herbert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578 cjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":1891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole","email":"cjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutphin, David M.","contributorId":53769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutphin","given":"David M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Daniels, David L. 0000-0003-0599-8036 dave@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0599-8036","contributorId":1792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"David","email":"dave@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smoot, Joseph P. 0000-0002-5064-8070 jpsmoot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5064-8070","contributorId":2742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"Joseph","email":"jpsmoot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Costain, John K.","contributorId":70080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costain","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Coruh, Cahit","contributorId":35032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coruh","given":"Cahit","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Harlow, George E. 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One objective of this research is to create techniques to survey coral reefs for the purposes of habitat mapping, ecological monitoring, change detection, and event assessment (for example: bleaching, hurricanes, disease outbreaks). As part of this project, data from an innovative instrument under development at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility, the NASA Experimental Airborne Advanced Research Lidar (EAARL) are being used. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in this realm for measuring water depth and conducting cross-environment surveys. High spectral resolution, water-column correction, and low costs were found to be key factors in providing accurate and affordable imagery to managers of coastal tropical habitats.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061118","usgsCitation":"Brock, J., Wright, C.W., Patterson, M., Nayegandhi, A., Patterson, J., Harris, M.S., and Mosher, L., 2006, EAARL submarine topography: Biscayne National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1118, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061118.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061118.PNG"},{"id":410569,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83554.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11268,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1118/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":295171,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1118/start.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Biscayne National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.28925125469101,\n 25.538068862733837\n ],\n [\n -80.28925125469101,\n 25.224617335223712\n ],\n [\n -80.1399700571653,\n 25.224617335223712\n ],\n [\n -80.1399700571653,\n 25.538068862733837\n ],\n [\n -80.28925125469101,\n 25.538068862733837\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f439","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, C. 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This lidar-derived submarine topography map was produced as a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program, National Park Service (NPS) South Florida/Caribbean Network Inventory and Monitoring Program, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Wallops Flight Facility. One objective of this research is to create techniques to survey coral reefs for the purposes of habitat mapping, ecological monitoring, change detection, ad event assessment (for example: bleaching, hurricanes, disease outbreaks). As part of this project, data from an innovative instrument under development at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility, the NASA Experimental Airborne Advanced Research Lidar (EAARL) are being used. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in this realm for measuring water depth and conducting cross-environment surveys. High spectral resolution, water-column correction, and low costs were found to be key factors in providing accurate and affordable imagery to managers of coastal tropical habitats.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061244","usgsCitation":"Brock, J., Wright, C.W., Patterson, M., Nayegandhi, A., and Patterson, J., 2006, EAARL topography: Dry Tortugas National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1244, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061244.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195464,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061244.PNG"},{"id":11265,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1244/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":392652,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83551.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Dry Tortugas National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.96703338623047,\n 24.59676796797931\n ],\n [\n -82.81013488769531,\n 24.59676796797931\n ],\n [\n -82.81013488769531,\n 24.68601657591216\n ],\n [\n -82.96703338623047,\n 24.68601657591216\n ],\n [\n -82.96703338623047,\n 24.59676796797931\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db6971e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":57422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patterson, Matt","contributorId":93982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nayegandhi, Amar","contributorId":37292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"Amar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Patterson, Judd","contributorId":9358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Judd","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":80822,"text":"tm10C11 - 2006 - Determination of the δ15N of total nitrogen in solids; RSIL lab code 2893","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-18T17:16:41","indexId":"tm10C11","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"10-C11","title":"Determination of the δ15N of total nitrogen in solids; RSIL lab code 2893","docAbstract":"The purpose of the Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory (RSIL) lab code 2893 is to determine the δ(15N/14N), abbreviated as δ15N , of total nitrogen in solid samples. A Carlo Erba NC 2500 elemental analyzer (EA) is used to convert total nitrogen in a solid sample into N2 gas. The EA is connected to a continuous flow isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (CF-IRMS), which determines relative difference in the isotope-amount ratios of stable nitrogen isotopes (15N/14N)of the product N2 gas. The combustion is quantitative; no isotopic fractionation is involved. Samples are placed in a tin capsule and loaded into the Costech Zero Blank Autosampler of the EA. Under computer control, samples are dropped into a heated reaction tube that contains an oxidant, where the combustion takes place in a helium atmosphere containing an excess of oxygen gas. Combustion products are transported by a helium carrier through a reduction tube to remove excess oxygen and convert all nitrous oxides into N2 and through a drying tube to remove water. The gas-phase products, mainly CO2 and N2, are separated by a gas chromatograph. The gas is then introduced into the isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) through a Finnigan MAT (now Thermo Scientific) ConFlo II interface, which also is used to inject N2 reference gas and helium for sample dilution. The IRMS is a Thermo Scientific Delta V Plus CF-IRMS. It has a universal triple collector, two wide cups with a narrow cup in the middle, capable of measuring mass/charge (m/z) 28, 29, 30, simultaneously. The ion beams from N2 are as follows: m/z 28 = N2 = 14N14N; m/z 29 = N2 = 14N15N primarily; m/z 30 = NO = 14N16O primarily, which is a sign of contamination or incomplete reduction.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chapter 11 of Book 10, Methods of the Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory, Section C, Stable Isotope-Ratio Methods","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm10C11","usgsCitation":"Revesz, K., Qi, H., and Coplen, T.B., 2006, Determination of the δ15N of total nitrogen in solids; RSIL lab code 2893 (Version 1.0 - 2006, Version 1.1 - 2007, Version 1.2 - September 2012): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 10-C11, viii, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm10C11.","productDescription":"viii, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":543,"text":"Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_10_C11.gif"},{"id":10655,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2006/tm10c11/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261911,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2006/tm10c11/tm10c11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0 - 2006, Version 1.1 - 2007, Version 1.2 - September 2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66758a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Revesz, Kinga","contributorId":64285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revesz","given":"Kinga","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175739,"text":"70175739 - 2006 - The role of reproductive behavior in the conservation of fishes: examples from the Great Plains riverine fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-18T16:03:21","indexId":"70175739","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":711,"text":"American Currents","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of reproductive behavior in the conservation of fishes: examples from the Great Plains riverine fishes","docAbstract":"

Recovery efforts for threatened and endangered fish species are hampered by lack of knowledge of their reproductive ecology. Habitat requirements and environmental stimuli necessary for reproduction are often unknown and vary widely among species. For Great Plains riverine fishes, this is often complicated by the high turbidity of the system in which the species occur, which precludes direct visual observation of behavior. Innovative methods for collectng behavioral data are required to better understand the conditions necessary for successful reproduction.

","language":"English","publisher":"North American Native Fishes Association","usgsCitation":"Wildhaber, M., 2006, The role of reproductive behavior in the conservation of fishes: examples from the Great Plains riverine fishes: American Currents, v. 34, no. 1, p. 16-23.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326853,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc70e4b03fd6b7d94c9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wildhaber, M. L. 0000-0002-6538-9083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":62961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"M. 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Streamflow statistics are used by water managers, engineers, scientists, and others to protect people and property during floods and droughts, and to manage land, water, and biological resources. Common uses for streamflow statistics include dam, bridge, and culvert design; water-supply planning and management; water-use appropriations and permitting; wastewater and industrial discharge permitting; hydropower-facility design and regulation; and flood-plain mapping for establishing flood-insurance rates and land-use zones.\r\n\r\nIn an effort to improve access to published streamflow statistics, and to make the process of computing streamflow statistics for ungaged stream sites easier, more accurate, and more consistent, the USGS and the Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) developed StreamStats (Ries and others, 2004). StreamStats is a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based Web application for serving previously published streamflow statistics and basin characteristics for USGS data-collection stations, and computing streamflow statistics and basin characteristics for ungaged stream sites. The USGS, in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection and the Connecticut Department of Transportation, has implemented StreamStats for Connecticut.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20063129","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection and the Connecticut Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Ahearn, E.A., Ries, K., and Steeves, P.A., 2006, Streamstats: U.S. Geological Survey web application for streamflow statistics for Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3129, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063129.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3129.jpg"},{"id":10474,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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