Regional development and industrialization patterns are investigated and related via regression analysis to water resource investments for the island of Puerto Rico. Although results of this study indicate such investments have little immediate or shortâterm impact, significant relationships and variations in regional responses appear over longer time periods. This is shown by applying a variation of Zellner's method of performing seemingly unrelated regressions jointly. By this method, subsets of parameter coefficients of specific economic variables were restricted across regional equations while unrestricted coefficients were interpreted as explaining systematic regional variations in response to public investment. Regional differences, obtained by using this method, are frequently neglected when simply examining the overall development process. Among the more interesting results in terms of policy implications is the apparent significant relationship, over the period considered, between changes in the distribution of income and the pattern of water resource development.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1975.tb00661.x","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., 1975, Regional impact of water resource investments in an developing area: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 11, no. 1, p. 69-76, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1975.tb00661.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"76","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":1809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207937,"text":"70207937 - 1975 - Mechanism of Formation of Pillow Lava","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-20T14:29:13","indexId":"70207937","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-20T14:23:18","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":743,"text":"American Scientist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanism of Formation of Pillow Lava","docAbstract":"Much of the ocean floor is covered by lava of a distinctive character. The lava appears to be made up of closely packed ellipsoidal masses about the size and shape of pillows - hence the term pillow lava. Only within the last few years has the abundance of pillow lava on the ocean floor been fully recognized. Ocean-bottom photographs and dredge samples have shown that the great bulk of new ocean floor created at diverging plate boundaries (such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge) is composed of pillowed basaltic lava flows. Closeup observations from submarines at depths of 2.7 km in the rift valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge have verified that virtually all the lavas erupted at this plate boundary are pillowed. The submarine portions of the great oceanic volcanoes, such as the ridge beneath the Hawaiian Islands, are also known to be built largely of pillow lava, and it is widespread in outcrops of uplifted ancient lava. Pillow lava is probably the most abundant form of volcanic rock on earth, though most of it is hidden beneath the world's oceans and mantled by younger sediments. Most investigators agree that the pillows form when fluid lava chills in contact with water, either when it erupts directly into water (or beneath ice) or when it flows across a shoreline and into a body of water. However, prior to our study, the process of pillow formation had never been directly observed. The recent eruptions of Kilauea Volcano in Hawaii provided an unparalleled opportunity to study the movement and cooling of lava beneath the sea. In June 1969, lava from the new Mauna Ulu vent on the east rift zone of Kilauea spilled into the sea after flowing 12 km down the south flank of the volcano. This pattern was repeated, with lava flowing into the sea for a few weeks each year through 1973. In April 1971 scuba divers for the first time investigated lava flowing underwater and learned that in favorable circumstances the lava could be approached closely. Despite heated water, explosive concussions, vigorous convective currents, and poor visibility due to suspended sediment, valuable observations were made.
","language":"English","publisher":"Sigma Xi Scientific Research Society","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., 1975, Mechanism of Formation of Pillow Lava: American Scientist, v. 63, no. 3, p. 269-277.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"277","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371389,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70039204,"text":"70039204 - 1975 - A brief history of the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T11:07:50","indexId":"70039204","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-06T13:44:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"A brief history of the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"Established by an Act of Congress in 1879 and charged with responsibility for \"classification of the public lands, and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain,\" the U. S. Department of the Interior's Geological Survey has been the Nation's principal source of information about its physical resources the configuration and character of the land surface, the composition and structure of the underlying rocks, and the quality, extent, and distribution of water and mineral resources. Although primarily a research and fact-finding agency, it has responsibility also for the classification of Federal mineral lands and waterpower sites, and since 1926 it has been responsible for the supervision of oil and mining operations authorized under leases on Federal land. From the outset, the Survey has been concerned with critical land and resource problems. Often referred to as the Mother of Bureaus, many of its activities led to the formation of new organizations where a management or developmental function evolved. These included the Reclamation Service (1902), the Bureau of Mines (1910), the Federal Power Commission (1920), and the Grazing Service (1934, since combined with other functions as the Bureau of Land Management). Mrs. Rabbitt's summary of the Survey's history in the following pages brings out well the development of these diverse activities and the Survey's past contributions to national needs related to land and resources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039204","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, and Rabbitt, M.C., 1975, A brief history of the U.S. Geological Survey: General Information Product, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039204.","productDescription":"36 p.","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[{"id":366,"text":"Library","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039204/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":261374,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039204/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e32fe4b0c8380cd45e84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabbitt, Mary C.","contributorId":94242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabbitt","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":12720,"text":"ofr7555 - 1975 - A reconnaissance of hydrogeologic conditions in Lehigh Acres and adjacent areas of Lee County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-16T16:19:03.036209","indexId":"ofr7555","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T22:10:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-55","title":"A reconnaissance of hydrogeologic conditions in Lehigh Acres and adjacent areas of Lee County, Florida","docAbstract":"Lehigh Acres, a residential community with a population of about 13,500 and comprising an area of about 94 square miles (243 square kilometres) in the eastern part of Lee County, has been under development since 1954. Prior to development the area was poorly drained. By 1974, more than 150 miles (241 kilometres) of drainageways had been constructed to drain the area.\r\n\r\nThe water-bearing formations underlying Lehigh Acres include the water-table, sandstone, lower Hawthorn, and Suwannee aquifers. The water-table aquifer is usually not more than 30 feet (9 metres) thick; it contains water of relatively good quality, except for iron and color. Water levels in this aquifer probably have been affected by construction of drainage canals. The sandstone aquifer, used extensively throughout the area as a source of water supply usually contains water of good quality although the water is hard and in places may contain concentrations of dissolved solids and iron which exceed the recommended limits of the U.S. Public Health Service and the State of Florida for drinking water. The lower Hawthorn and Suwannee aquifers, usually encountered at depths between 440 and 850 feet (135 and 262 metres), contains water with relatively high concentrations of sodium, sulfate, chloride, and dissolved solids.\r\n\r\nThree streams, the Orange River, Hickey Creek, and Bedman Creek and the canals connected to them, provide drainage of the area. Except for the Orange River, where the water is of good chemical quality, little is known of the water quality. Similarly, little information is available on stream discharge except for the Orange River where the average annual discharge was 41.1 cubic feet per second (11.6 cubic metres per second) between 1935-46.\r\n\r\nMost lakes and ponds in Lehigh Acres are hydraulically connected to the water-table aquifer such that factors which affect one also affect the other. Theoretical drawdown curves indicate that the drainage canals may affect ground-water levels to a distance of 6,000 feet (1,800 metres) under certain conditions. Leeland Lake, the only known sinkhole lake in Lee County, is about 208 feet (64 metres) deep and contains water more nearly similar to the sandstone aquifer, although the lake may by hydraulically connected to both the water-table and sandstone aquifers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr7555","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Florida Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Geology and the Board of County Commissioners of Lee County","usgsCitation":"Boggess, D.H., and Missimer, T., 1975, A reconnaissance of hydrogeologic conditions in Lehigh Acres and adjacent areas of Lee County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-55, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7555.","productDescription":"88 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":145721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0055/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":975,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0055/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 75-55"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Lee County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.78840637207031,\n 26.492084108599812\n ],\n [\n -81.56181335449219,\n 26.492084108599812\n ],\n [\n -81.56181335449219,\n 26.679980810428834\n ],\n [\n -81.78840637207031,\n 26.679980810428834\n ],\n [\n -81.78840637207031,\n 26.492084108599812\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
The Mississippi River alluvial aquifer in northeastern Louisiana is in the alluvium of the Mississippi, Arkansas, and Ouachita Rivers and underlies approximately 5,000 square miles (13,000 square kilometers) in the Mississippi River valley. The aquifer, of Pleistocene age, is a southeastward-thickening wedge of sand and gravel that ranges in thickness from about 20 to 135 feet (6 to 41 metres). These sediments are essentially flat lying with an irregular base. Fine sand, silt, and clay of Holocene age overlie and generally confine the aquifer. These fine-grained deposits range in thickness from 0 to 100 feet (0 to 30 metres) but generally do not exceed 40 feet (12 metres).
Water levels in the Mississippi River alluvial aquifer generally are less than 30 feet (9 metres) below land surface. Annual water-level fluctuations have a maximum range of about 20 feet (6 metres) near the Mississippi River and a minimum range of only a few feet in interstream areas. Seasonal declines occur locally, especially in Morehouse Parish, because of large withdrawals for irrigation.
The Mississippi River alluvial aquifer can yield water in sufficient quantity for most uses throughout the area. Aquifer tests indicate that the transmissivity ranges from 13,000 to 45,000 feet squared per day (1,200 to 4,200 metres squared per day). The hydraulic conductivity ranges from 130 to 530 feet per day (40 to 160 metres per day). Storage coefficients range from 0.001 to 0.05. Large diameter wells yield as much as 7,000 gallons per minute (440 litres per second) near Tallulah in Madison Parish.
The quality of ground water in the Mississippi River alluvial aquifer varies areally and with depth, but generally the water is hard to very hard and high in iron concentration, Where fresh, the water typically is a calcium bicarbonate type generally ranging in hardness from 200 to 600 mg/1 (milligrams per litre) and in iron concentration from 0.00 to 30 mg/1. However, in southern Richland Parish and local areas in adjacent parishes, a hardness of less than 100 mg/1 and an iron concentration of less than 0.30 mg/1 are common.
Fresh water occurs to or below the base of the alluvial aquifer in most of the area. The chloride concentration typically is less than 50 mg/1. However, chloride concentrations are as high as 4,000 mg/1 in parts of the area. At some localities, salty water (chloride concentrations greater than 250 mg/1) occurs in the aquifer at depths less than 30 feet (9 metres). The largest occurrence of salty water is in Franklin Parish near and parallel to the subsurface contact between clays of the Jackson Group and sands of the Cockfield Formation of the Claiborne Group. Thus, salty water moving from the Cockfield into the alluvium may be the source of some of the high-chloride water. Smaller bodies of salty water occur in the aquifer along the Jackson-Cockfield contact in Madison and Caldwell Parishes. Probably some contamination from pits formerly used for disposal of salty water occurs in northern Franklin and southern Richland Parishes, Other small occurrences of salty water in Concordia, Morehouse, Ouachita, and Tensas Parishes may be related to contamination by salt-water disposal pits and wells, leaky oil-well casings, and oil-well drilling mishaps.
","language":"English","publisher":"State of Louisiana Department of Public Works","publisherLocation":"Baton Rouge, LA","collaboration":"Prepared by United States Department of the Interior United States Geological Survey in cooperation with Louisiana Department of Public Works","usgsCitation":"Whitfield, M.S., 1975, Geohydrology and water quality of the Mississippi River alluvial aquifer, northeastern Louisiana: Water Resources Technical Report 10, v, 29 p.","productDescription":"v, 29 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373921,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River alluvial aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.26318359375,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -90.889892578125,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -90.889892578125,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -92.26318359375,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -92.26318359375,\n 31\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitfield, Merrick S. Jr.","contributorId":67911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitfield","given":"Merrick","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70199341,"text":"70199341 - 1975 - Lakes of Oregon, Volume 3: Hood River, Multnomah, Washington and Yamhill Counties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T14:33:29","indexId":"70199341","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T15:33:12","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Lakes of Oregon, Volume 3: Hood River, Multnomah, Washington and Yamhill Counties","docAbstract":"An inventory of lakes and reservoirs of Oregon is essential for a complete evaluation of the total surface-water supply of the State and to provide a basis for answering questions about Oregon's lakes. Much of the information on lakes and reservoirs previously collected by Federal and State agencies has never been published. These data were compiled and used as a basis for collecting additional information. This report provides information for use by city, county, and State planning groups as well as for sportsmen, tourists, and others interested in preserving the recreational value of Oregon's lakes.
Because of the large number of lakes and reservoirs in Oregon, a single report covering the State would be bulky. Therefore, the lake information is being published in several volumes on a county or multicounty basis. Volume 1, published in 1973, covered Clatsop, Columbia, and Tillamook Counties; volume 2, published in 1974, included Benton, Lincoln, and Polk Counties. Hood River, Multnomah, Washington, and Yamhill Counties were selected for volume 3. (See fig. 1.)
In addition to office compilation of existing data, each lake was also visited. Most visits were made in summer or early fall when lakes were most accessible and when water temperature and biological activitiy were at a maximum.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70199341","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oregon State Engineer","usgsCitation":"Shulters, M., 1975, Lakes of Oregon, Volume 3: Hood River, Multnomah, Washington and Yamhill Counties: Open-File Report, iii, 93 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70199341.","productDescription":"iii, 93 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":357632,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70199341/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":357631,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70199341/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Hood River County, Multnomah County, Washington County, Yamhill County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.75,\n 45.042478050891546\n ],\n [\n -121.5,\n 45.042478050891546\n ],\n [\n -121.5,\n 45.75\n ],\n [\n -123.75,\n 45.75\n ],\n [\n -123.75,\n 45.042478050891546\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shulters, M.V.","contributorId":54583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shulters","given":"M.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70168648,"text":"70168648 - 1975 - Water resources data for Iowa, water year 1974","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T14:05:05","indexId":"70168648","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T15:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Water resources data for Iowa, water year 1974","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":784993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70237808,"text":"70237808 - 1975 - Water-resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey in the northern Great Plains coal region of Wyoming, Montana, and North Dakota, 1975","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-24T17:12:07.140639","indexId":"70237808","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T13:47:26","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Water-resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey in the northern Great Plains coal region of Wyoming, Montana, and North Dakota, 1975","docAbstract":"The Geological Survey's Water Resources Division has for many years maintained a program of water-resources investigations that includes the coal regions of Wyoming, Montana, and North Dakota. These programs have been supported by State and local agencies and by other agencies of the Federal government, largely to provide data for water-resources development projects, allocations of water, and to inventory of water resources for future planning.
The recent interest in coal has added new dimensions and greater intensity to the investigations. The work has expanded to include monitoring the environmental effects of coal mining and processing and to determine the availability of additional water supplies for coal-conversion plants and related demands.
New objectives are now reflected in the program. Much of the work is to assist the Bureau of Land Management in its responsibilities to minimize the possible detrimental effects of coal mining on the public resource lands. The Environmental Protection Agency also supports a significant part of the program. Their support is to assure that water-quality information is collected at key locations, with types of water-quality data and frequency of sampling needed by that agency in the discharge of its function. Relatively large increases in the program have been funded by direct appropriation to the Geological Survey.
This report describes the water-resources investigation program that is currently in operation. Locations of gaging stations and water-quality measuring sites, frequencies and parameters, and areas of groundwater studies are included in this report. Brief descriptions of coal-related studies by investigators who are headquartered outside the Northern Great Plains coal regions are also included. Such studies are research in topics related to coal extraction, water supply, and post-mining reclamation
In 1974 the U.S. Geological Survey entered into a cooperative agreement with the California Department of Water Resources to study the limnology of Fallen Leaf Lake and adjacent streams. The lake is in California, near the crest of the Sierra Nevada about 23 miles southwest of Reno, Nevada (fig. 1). The study was undertaken to help develop a better understanding of selected characteristics of a high-altitude dilute-solution lake-stream system and the effect of man on the system. Fallen Leaf Lake and the adjacent streams were chosen for the study because the lake represents an alpine system in a basin that has had limited development for a number of years. Recently, local and state groups have become extremely interested in the effects of man's activities on the condition of the lake.
The study was designed to:
1. Provide data on selected physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of Fallen Leaf Lake and adjacent streams,
2. Determine whether the magnitude and changes in magnitude of a number of physical, chemical, and biological variables are affected by natural or cultural processes,
3. Characterize a high-altitude, dilute-solution aquatic ecosystem,
4. Compare and contrast the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of Fallen Leaf Lake and adjacent streams with other lakes in the area.
Five streams drain the northern part of Nebraska and are tributaries to the Missouri River above Yankton, S. Dak. This report presents statistical data at 29 gaging sites on four of the streams, namely, White River, Ponca Creek, Niobrara River, and Bazile Creek. The fifth stream, Hat Creek, drains a small area in the extreme northwest corner of the State. Because there are no gaging stations on Hat Creek in Nebraska, only the description of the basin is included. The only station on Hat Creek is near Edgemont, S. Dak., and it does not reflect streamflow characteristics in Nebraska.
Two major irrigation projects have been constructed in the Niobrara River basin since gaging of streamflow began, therefore the complete record of water discharge at some gaging stations includes periods before and after streamflow was affected by diversions to upstream projects. The Whitney Irrigation Project was in operation on the White River before streamflow records were obtained. Streamflow records presented in this report have been computed from data that represent 1974 conditions of development and water use.
Increased activity at sunset of sockeye (red) salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in an Alaskan stream resulted in increases in carbon dioxide, turbidity, suspended chlorophyll a, and drift invertebrates, and a decrease in pH and dissolved oxygen.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flippo, Herbert N.","contributorId":15642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flippo","given":"Herbert","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047569,"text":"70047569 - 1975 - Summary of hydrologic data collected during 1974 in Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-07T15:28:49.153865","indexId":"70047569","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T11:31:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"FL 75-012","title":"Summary of hydrologic data collected during 1974 in Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"This report is ninth in a series documenting the annual hydrologic conditions in Dade County, Florida. The hydrologic conditions in Dade County for the 1974 water year (October 1, 1973 to September 30, 1974) except for rainfall are summarized in tables, graphs, and maps. The locations of ground-water data-collection stations are shown in figure 1, rainfall and surface-water stations in figure 2, and water quality sampling stations in figure 43. As shown, the network of stations is extensive. The long-term records (1940 to 1974) furnish background information vital in the analysis of effects of water-management practices.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tallahassee, FL","doi":"10.3133/70047569","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Dade County, Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Authority, City of Miami Beach, Florida Bureau of Geology, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Flood Control District of Dade County, National Park Service, US Army Corps of Engineers, US Air Force, US Navy","usgsCitation":"Hull, J., 1975, Summary of hydrologic data collected during 1974 in Dade County, Florida: Open-File Report FL 75-012, 127 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70047569.","productDescription":"127 p.","numberOfPages":"131","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277870,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047569/ofrfl75012.pdf","text":"Report","size":"33.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FL 75-012"},{"id":276450,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047569/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Miami-dade County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.8736,25.13742 ], [ -80.8736,25.979434 ], [ -80.11793,25.979434 ], [ -80.11793,25.13742 ], [ -80.8736,25.13742 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Rhodamine WT dye was used to trace the subsurface movement of water from Norman Creek, a losing Ozark stream, to Maramec Spring, a straight-line distance of 8.7 mi (14.0 km). Grab samples and activated charcoal packets were used to check possible emergent points of the dye. The leading edge of the dye reached Maramec Spring 68-75 days after the dye injection, and the peak concentration reached the spring 82-93 d after injection. Small quantities of dye were still being recovered at the spring 114 d after injection and 39-46 d after the dye first arrived at the spring. Computed average velocities, assuming straight-line travel, are 0.47-0.42 ft(0.14-0.13 m)/min for the leading edge and 0.39- 0.34 ft(0.12-0.10 m)/min for the peak. This apparent rate of travel compares favorably with other recent subsurface tracing studies in southern Missouri which generally range from 0.4 to 25 ft(0.12 to 7.6 m)/min.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Gann, E.E., and Harvey, E.J., 1975, Norman Creek, a source of recharge to Maramec Spring, Phelps County, Missouri: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 1, p. 99-102.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"102","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403407,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403406,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","county":"Phelps County","otherGeospatial":"Norman Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.75300598144531,\n 37.82171764783966\n ],\n [\n -91.52778625488281,\n 37.82171764783966\n ],\n [\n -91.52778625488281,\n 37.97018468810549\n ],\n [\n -91.75300598144531,\n 37.97018468810549\n ],\n [\n -91.75300598144531,\n 37.82171764783966\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gann, E. E.","contributorId":71562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gann","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, E. J.","contributorId":292921,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harvey","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70232670,"text":"70232670 - 1975 - Changes in concentration of certain constituents of treated waste water during movement through the Magothy Aquifer, Bay Park, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-11T16:20:17.964126","indexId":"70232670","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T11:18:01","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in concentration of certain constituents of treated waste water during movement through the Magothy Aquifer, Bay Park, New York","docAbstract":"Approximately 7 million gallons (27 million litres) of tertiary-treated sewage (reclaimed water) was injected by well into the Magothy aquifer and was subsequently pumped out. As the reclaimed water moved through the aquifer, concentrations of certain dissolved constituents decreased as follows: Total nitrogen, 7 percent; methylene blue active substances, 49 percent; chemical oxygen demand, 50 percent; and phosphate, more than 93 percent.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Ku, H.F., Vecchioli, J., and Ragone, S.E., 1975, Changes in concentration of certain constituents of treated waste water during movement through the Magothy Aquifer, Bay Park, New York: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 1, p. 89-92.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"92","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403404,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403403,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Bay Park","otherGeospatial":"Magothy aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.69199752807617,\n 40.62567934338915\n ],\n [\n -73.6526870727539,\n 40.62567934338915\n ],\n [\n -73.6526870727539,\n 40.64704307144758\n ],\n [\n -73.69199752807617,\n 40.64704307144758\n ],\n [\n -73.69199752807617,\n 40.62567934338915\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ku, Henry F. H.","contributorId":11258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ku","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"F. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchioli, John","contributorId":36113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchioli","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ragone, Stephen E.","contributorId":74374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ragone","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70119539,"text":"70119539 - 1975 - The determination, assessment, and design of \"in-stream value\" studies for the northern Great Plains region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-07T11:29:51","indexId":"70119539","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T11:16:49","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"The determination, assessment, and design of \"in-stream value\" studies for the northern Great Plains region","docAbstract":"An extensive literature review was conducted to determine the discharge requirements of various components of a warm water fishery. Where exact hydrologic parameters were not measured directly in individual studies, they were estimated from inferred statements and knowledge of hydrologic variables leading to certain instream conditions. From this information it was possible to determine which components of the stream community would be most seriously affected by reduced discharges.
\nIn addition, a number of different methods used in the recommendation of minimum streamflows was reviewed. These methods were evaluated for their reliability and ease of use. It was concluded that a method for recommending minimum discharges should not sacrifice reliability for expediency.
\nA methodology is proposed for the recommendation of minimum discharges for a warm water fishery. This method utilizes field measurements of critical stream areas and biological criteria determined from the used of indicator species. For large rivers, migration and spawning requirements are analyzed using the paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) as the indicator species. For smaller rivers, the suggested indicator species is the sauger (Stizostedion canadense). Rearing flows are determined on the basis of stream productivity by analyzing macroinvertebrate habits, and on the basis of fish habitat typing. The indicator species for determining adequate fish habitat is the stonecat (Notorus flavus).
\nA number of variables were identified which might require a greater amount of in-stream flow than the fishery, per se. These variables included streamflow needs for riparian and other sub-irrigated vegetation, water quality parameters, anchor ice formation, and the relationship between discharge and sediment yield. Information concerning these variables is insufficient at this time to determine whether a variable will \"over-ride\" the streamflow requirement for the fishery itself. Further research is needed in these areas, and several investigative methods for conducting such research are proposed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Northern Great Plains Resources Program","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","usgsCitation":"Bovee, K.D., 1975, The determination, assessment, and design of \"in-stream value\" studies for the northern Great Plains region, iii, 205 p.","productDescription":"iii, 205 p.","numberOfPages":"208","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291833,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.17,41.05 ], [ -114.17,49.11 ], [ -95.56,49.11 ], [ -95.56,41.05 ], [ -114.17,41.05 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e492d0e4b0fff40428a611","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bovee, Ken D.","contributorId":100447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bovee","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1701,"text":"otherFL75005 - 1975 - Water quality of Tampa Bay, Florida : wet-weather conditions, October 1971","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-27T01:01:43","indexId":"otherFL75005","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T11:09:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"FL-75005","title":"Water quality of Tampa Bay, Florida : wet-weather conditions, October 1971","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/otherFL75005","usgsCitation":"Goodwin, C., Rosenshein, J.S., and Michaelis, D., 1975, Water quality of Tampa Bay, Florida : wet-weather conditions, October 1971: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report FL-75005, 88 p. :maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/otherFL75005.","productDescription":"88 p. :maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc8cee4b08c986b32caff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goodwin, Carl R.","contributorId":76284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodwin","given":"Carl R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenshein, Joseph S.","contributorId":32904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenshein","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michaelis, D.M.","contributorId":44896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaelis","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70232668,"text":"70232668 - 1975 - Mobilization of iron in water in the Magothy aquifer during long-term recharge with tertiary-treated sewage, Bay Park, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-11T16:16:58.259756","indexId":"70232668","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T11:08:34","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mobilization of iron in water in the Magothy aquifer during long-term recharge with tertiary-treated sewage, Bay Park, New York","docAbstract":"Tertiary-treated sewage (reclaimed water) has been recharged by well into the Magothy aquifer at Bay Park, N. Y., intermittently since 1968. The longest of 13 recharge tests, the subject of this report, lasted 84.5 days. This was sufficient time for the reclaimed water to reach an observation well 200 ft (61 m) from the recharge well. Although the iron concentrations of the reclaimed water and the native water were less than 0.4 mg/l, the iron concentrations of samples from observation wells 20, 100, and 200 ft (6, 30, and 61 m) from the recharge well at times approached 3 mg/l. Source of the ii'on is pyrite that is native to the aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Ragone, S.E., Ku, H.F., and Vecchioli, J., 1975, Mobilization of iron in water in the Magothy aquifer during long-term recharge with tertiary-treated sewage, Bay Park, New York: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 1, p. 93-98.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"98","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403401,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403400,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Bay Park","otherGeospatial":"Magothy aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.69199752807617,\n 40.62567934338915\n ],\n [\n -73.6526870727539,\n 40.62567934338915\n ],\n [\n -73.6526870727539,\n 40.64704307144758\n ],\n [\n -73.69199752807617,\n 40.64704307144758\n ],\n [\n -73.69199752807617,\n 40.62567934338915\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ragone, Stephen E.","contributorId":74374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ragone","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ku, Henry F. H.","contributorId":11258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ku","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"F. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vecchioli, John","contributorId":36113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchioli","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70039400,"text":"70039400 - 1975 - Topographic maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-04T01:01:57","indexId":"70039400","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T11:01:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Topographic maps","docAbstract":"A topographic map is a graphic representation of selected manmade and natural features of a part of the earth's surface plotted to a definite scale. The distinguishing characteristic of a topographic map is the portrayal of the shape and elevation of the terrain.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039400","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1975, Topographic maps: General Information Product, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039400.","productDescription":"20 p.","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261546,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039400/report.pdf"},{"id":261547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039400/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb4d5e4b08c986b32658e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}