{"pageNumber":"239","pageRowStart":"5950","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16506,"records":[{"id":70032686,"text":"70032686 - 2008 - Sources, transformations, and hydrological processes that control stream nitrate and dissolved organic matter concentrations during snowmelt in an upland forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:09:09","indexId":"70032686","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources, transformations, and hydrological processes that control stream nitrate and dissolved organic matter concentrations during snowmelt in an upland forest","docAbstract":"<p><span>We explored catchment processes that control stream nutrient concentrations at an upland forest in northeastern Vermont, USA, where inputs of nitrogen via atmospheric deposition are among the highest in the nation and affect ecosystem functioning. We traced sources of water, nitrate, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) using stream water samples collected at high frequency during spring snowmelt. Hydrochemistry, isotopic tracers, and end‐member mixing analyses suggested the timing, sources, and source areas from which water and nutrients entered the stream. Although stream‐dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) both originated from leaching of soluble organic matter, flushing responses between these two DOM components varied because of dynamic shifts of hydrological flow paths and sources that supply the highest concentrations of DOC and DON. High concentrations of stream water nitrate originated from atmospheric sources as well as nitrified sources from catchment soils. We detected nitrification in surficial soils during late snowmelt which affected the nitrate supply that was available to be transported to streams. However, isotopic tracers showed that the majority of nitrate in upslope surficial soil waters after the onset of snowmelt originated from atmospheric sources. A fraction of the atmospheric nitrogen was directly delivered to the stream, and this finding highlights the importance of quick flow pathways during snowmelt events. These findings indicate that interactions among sources, transformations, and hydrologic transport processes must be deciphered to understand why concentrations vary over time and over space as well as to elucidate the direct effects of human activities on nutrient dynamics in upland forest streams.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008WR006983","usgsCitation":"Sebestyen, S.D., Boyer, E.W., Shanley, J.B., Kendall, C., Doctor, D.H., Aiken, G.R., and Ohte, N., 2008, Sources, transformations, and hydrological processes that control stream nitrate and dissolved organic matter concentrations during snowmelt in an upland forest: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 12, W12410; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR006983.","productDescription":"W12410; 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b93abe4b08c986b31a610","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sebestyen, Stephen D.","contributorId":195126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sebestyen","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyer, Elizabeth W.","contributorId":44659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doctor, Daniel H. 0000-0002-8338-9722 dhdoctor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-9722","contributorId":2037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"Daniel","email":"dhdoctor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ohte, Nobuhito","contributorId":73363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ohte","given":"Nobuhito","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70032169,"text":"70032169 - 2008 - New global hydrography derived from spaceborne elevation data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:06:01","indexId":"70032169","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New global hydrography derived from spaceborne elevation data","docAbstract":"<p>To study the Earth system and to better understand the implications of global environmental change, there is a growing need for large-scale hydrographic data sets that serve as prerequisites in a variety of analyses and applications, ranging from regional watershed and freshwater conservation planning to global hydrological, climate, biogeochemical, and land surface modeling. Yet while countless hydrographic maps exist for well-known river basins and individual nations, there is a lack of seamless high-quality data on large scales such as continents or the entire globe. Data for many large international basins are patchy, and remote areas are often poorly mapped.</p>\n<p>In response to these limitations, a team of scientists has developed data and created maps of the world's rivers that provide the research community with more reliable information about where streams and watersheds occur on the Earth's surface and how water drains the landscape. The new product, known as HydroSHEDS (Hydrological Data and Maps Based on Shuttle Elevation Derivatives at Multiple Scales), provides this information at a resolution and quality unachieved by previous global data sets, such as HYDRO1k [<i>U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)</i>, 2000].</p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2008EO100001","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Lehner, B., Verdin, K., and Jarvis, A., 2008, New global hydrography derived from spaceborne elevation data: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 89, no. 10, p. 93-94, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008EO100001.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476904,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://zotero.org/groups/5435545/items/X3KCCATL","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214972,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008EO100001"},{"id":242734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a658ce4b0c8380cd72c13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lehner, B.","contributorId":86192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lehner","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verdin, K.L. 0000-0002-6114-4660","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-4660","contributorId":33505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jarvis, A.","contributorId":45533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvis","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032167,"text":"70032167 - 2008 - Stream denitrification across biomes and its response to anthropogenic nitrate loading","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032167","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stream denitrification across biomes and its response to anthropogenic nitrate loading","docAbstract":"Anthropogenic addition of bioavailable nitrogen to the biosphere is increasing and terrestrial ecosystems are becoming increasingly nitrogen-saturated, causing more bioavailable nitrogen to enter groundwater and surface waters. Large-scale nitrogen budgets show that an average of about 20-25 per cent of the nitrogen added to the biosphere is exported from rivers to the ocean or inland basins, indicating that substantial sinks for nitrogen must exist in the landscape. Streams and rivers may themselves be important sinks for bioavailable nitrogen owing to their hydrological connections with terrestrial systems, high rates of biological activity, and streambed sediment environments that favour microbial denitrification. Here we present data from nitrogen stable isotope tracer experiments across 72 streams and 8 regions representing several biomes. We show that total biotic uptake and denitrification of nitrate increase with stream nitrate concentration, but that the efficiency of biotic uptake and denitrification declines as concentration increases, reducing the proportion of in-stream nitrate that is removed from transport. Our data suggest that the total uptake of nitrate is related to ecosystem photosynthesis and that denitrification is related to ecosystem respiration. In addition, we use a stream network model to demonstrate that excess nitrate in streams elicits a disproportionate increase in the fraction of nitrate that is exported to receiving waters and reduces the relative role of small versus large streams as nitrate sinks. ??2008 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/nature06686","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Mulholland, P.J., Helton, A.M., Poole, G.C., Hall, R.O., Hamilton, S.K., Peterson, B.J., Tank, J.L., Ashkenas, L., Cooper, L.W., Dahm, C., Dodds, W.K., Findlay, S., Gregory, S., Grimm, N.B., Johnson, S.L., McDowell, W.H., Meyer, J., Valett, H.M., Webster, J., Arango, C.P., Beaulieu, J.J., Bernot, M.J., Burgin, A.J., Crenshaw, C.L., Johnson, L., Niederlehner, B., O’Brien, J.M., Potter, J.D., Sheibley, R., Sobota, D.J., and Thomas, S.M., 2008, Stream denitrification across biomes and its response to anthropogenic nitrate loading: Nature, v. 452, no. 7184, p. 202-205, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06686.","startPage":"202","endPage":"205","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476787,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2425","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214939,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06686"},{"id":242700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"452","issue":"7184","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9a6ae4b08c986b31c91e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulholland, P. J.","contributorId":89081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulholland","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helton, A. M.","contributorId":93289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poole, G. C.","contributorId":20175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poole","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hall, R. O. Jr.","contributorId":53101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hamilton, S. K.","contributorId":60866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, B. J.","contributorId":53749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tank, J. L.","contributorId":100214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tank","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ashkenas, L. R.","contributorId":14656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ashkenas","given":"L. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cooper, L. W.","contributorId":25782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Dahm, Clifford N.","contributorId":22730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dahm","given":"Clifford N.","affiliations":[{"id":7000,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":434822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Dodds, W. K.","contributorId":21297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dodds","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Findlay, S.E.G.","contributorId":10531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Findlay","given":"S.E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Gregory, S.V.","contributorId":21130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregory","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Grimm, N. B.","contributorId":54164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grimm","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":434829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Johnson, S. L.","contributorId":53826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"McDowell, W. H.","contributorId":88532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDowell","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Meyer, J.L.","contributorId":73316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Valett, H. M.","contributorId":10985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valett","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Webster, J.R.","contributorId":74475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Arango, C. P.","contributorId":107516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arango","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Beaulieu, J. J.","contributorId":96496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beaulieu","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Bernot, M. J.","contributorId":18593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernot","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Burgin, A. J.","contributorId":90556,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burgin","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Crenshaw, C. L.","contributorId":90949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crenshaw","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Johnson, L. T.","contributorId":28819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"L. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Niederlehner, B.R.","contributorId":105929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niederlehner","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"O’Brien, J. M.","contributorId":63637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Brien","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Potter, J. D.","contributorId":63638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Potter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Sheibley, R.W. 0000-0003-1627-8536 sheibley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1627-8536","contributorId":43066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheibley","given":"R.W.","email":"sheibley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Sobota, D. J.","contributorId":15419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sobota","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Thomas, S. M.","contributorId":87771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31}]}}
,{"id":70031864,"text":"70031864 - 2008 - Monitoring urban impacts on suspended sediment, trace element, and nutrient fluxes within the City of Atlanta, Georgia, USA: Program design, methodological considerations, and initial results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70031864","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring urban impacts on suspended sediment, trace element, and nutrient fluxes within the City of Atlanta, Georgia, USA: Program design, methodological considerations, and initial results","docAbstract":"Atlanta, Georgia (City of Atlanta, COA), is one of the most rapidly growing urban areas in the US. Beginning in 2003, the US Geological Survey established a long-term water-quantity/quality monitoring network for the COA. The results obtained during the first 2 years have provided insights into the requirements needed to determine the extent of urban impacts on water quality, especially in terms of estimating the annual fluxes of suspended sediment, trace/major elements, and nutrients. During 2004/2005, suspended sediment fluxes from the City of Atlanta (COA) amounted to about 150 000 t year-1; ??? 94% of the transport occurred in conjunction with storm-flow, which also accounted for ??? 65% of the annual discharge. Typically, storm-flow averaged ??? 20% of theyear. Normally, annual suspended sediment fluxes are determined by summing daily loads based on a single calculation step using mean-daily discharge and a single rating curve-derived suspended sediment concentration. Due to the small and 'flashy' nature of the COAs streams, this approach could produce underestimates ranging from 25% to 64%. Accurate estimates (?? 15%) require calculation time-steps as short as every 2-3 h. Based on annual median base-flow/storm-flow chemical concentrations, the annual fluxes of ??? 75% of trace elements (e.g. Cu, Pb, Zn), major elements (e.g. Fe, Al), and total P occur in association with suspended sediment; in turn, ??? 90% of the transport of these constituents occur in conjunction with storm-flow. As such, base-flow sediment-associated and dissolved contributions represent relatively insignificant portions of the total annual load. An exception is total N, whose sediment-associated fluxes range from 50% to 60%; even so, storm-related transport typically exceeds 80%. Hence, in urban environments, non-point-source appear to be the dominant contributors to the fluxes of these constituents.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6699","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Horowitz, A.J., Elrick, K.A., and Smith, J., 2008, Monitoring urban impacts on suspended sediment, trace element, and nutrient fluxes within the City of Atlanta, Georgia, USA: Program design, methodological considerations, and initial results: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 10, p. 1473-1496, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6699.","startPage":"1473","endPage":"1496","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214954,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6699"},{"id":242716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5dfae4b0c8380cd7070d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horowitz, A. J.","contributorId":102066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elrick, K. A.","contributorId":98731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elrick","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, J.J.","contributorId":106175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032155,"text":"70032155 - 2008 - National, holistic, watershed-scale approach to understand the sources, transport, and fate of agricultural chemicals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T16:24:53","indexId":"70032155","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"National, holistic, watershed-scale approach to understand the sources, transport, and fate of agricultural chemicals","docAbstract":"<p>This paper is an introduction to the following series of papers that report on in-depth investigations that have been conducted at five agricultural study areas across the United States in order to gain insights into how environmental processes and agricultural practices interact to determine the transport and fate of agricultural chemicals in the environment. These are the first study areas in an ongoing national study. The study areas were selected, based on the combination of cropping patterns and hydrologic setting, as representative of nationally important agricultural settings to form a basis for extrapolation to unstudied areas. The holistic, watershed-scale study design that involves multiple environmental compartments and that employs both field observations and simulation modeling is presented. This paper introduces the overall study design and presents an overview of the hydrology of the five study areas. Copyright ?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0226","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Capel, P., McCarthy, K.A., and Barbash, J., 2008, National, holistic, watershed-scale approach to understand the sources, transport, and fate of agricultural chemicals: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 3, p. 983-993, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0226.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"983","endPage":"993","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214754,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0226"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6295e4b0c8380cd71fcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capel, P. D. 0000-0003-1620-5185","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":95498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"P. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCarthy, K. A.","contributorId":107309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barbash, J.E.","contributorId":62783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbash","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032127,"text":"70032127 - 2008 - Using heat to characterize streambed water flux variability in four stream reaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T09:57:34","indexId":"70032127","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using heat to characterize streambed water flux variability in four stream reaches","docAbstract":"<p>Estimates of streambed water flux are needed for the interpretation of streambed chemistry and reactions. Continuous temperature and head monitoring in stream reaches within four agricultural watersheds (Leary Weber Ditch, IN; Maple Creek, NE; DR2 Drain, WA; and Merced River, CA) allowed heat to be used as a tracer to study the temporal and spatial variability of fluxes through the streambed. Synoptic methods (seepage meter and differential discharge measurements) were compared with estimates obtained by using heat as a tracer. Water flux was estimated by modeling one-dimensional vertical flow of water and heat using the model VS2DH. Flux was influenced by physical heterogeneity of the stream channel and temporal variability in stream and ground-water levels. During most of the study period (April–December 2004), flux was upward through the streambeds. At the IN, NE, and CA sites, high-stage events resulted in rapid reversal of flow direction inducing short-term surface-water flow into the streambed. During late summer at the IN site, regional ground-water levels dropped, leading to surface-water loss to ground water that resulted in drying of the ditch. Synoptic measurements of flux generally supported the model flux estimates. Water flow through the streambed was roughly an order of magnitude larger in the humid basins (IN and NE) than in the arid basins (WA and CA). Downward flux, in response to sudden high streamflows, and seasonal variability in flux was most pronounced in the humid basins and in high conductivity zones in the streambed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2006.0448","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Essaid, H., Zamora, C., McCarthy, K.A., Vogel, J.R., and Wilson, J., 2008, Using heat to characterize streambed water flux variability in four stream reaches: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 3, p. 1010-1023, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0448.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1010","endPage":"1023","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214819,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0448"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc05be4b08c986b32a09d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Essaid, H.I.","contributorId":22342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"H.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zamora, C.M.","contributorId":34343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zamora","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCarthy, K. A.","contributorId":107309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vogel, J. R.","contributorId":21639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, J.T.","contributorId":97489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032104,"text":"70032104 - 2008 - Effect of hydrological conditions on nitrous oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide dynamics in a bottomland hardwood forest and its implication for soil carbon sequestration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-23T08:13:18","indexId":"70032104","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of hydrological conditions on nitrous oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide dynamics in a bottomland hardwood forest and its implication for soil carbon sequestration","docAbstract":"<p><span>This study was conducted at three locations in a bottomland hardwood forest with a distinct elevation and hydrological gradient: ridge (high, dry), transition, and swamp (low, wet). At each location, concentrations of soil greenhouse gases (N</span><sub>2</sub><span>O, CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>, and CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>), their fluxes to the atmosphere, and soil redox potential (Eh) were measured bimonthly, while the water table was monitored every day. Results show that soil Eh was significantly (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.001) correlated with water table: a negative correlation at the ridge and transition locations, but a positive correlation at the permanently flooded swamp location. Both soil gas profile analysis and surface gas flux measurements indicated that the ridge and transition locations could be a sink of atmospheric CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>, especially in warm seasons, but generally functioned as a minor source of CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;in cool seasons. The swamp location was a major source of CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>, and the emission rate was higher in the warm seasons (mean 28 and median 23 mg m</span><sup>−2</sup><span> h</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) than in the cool seasons (both mean and median 13 mg m</span><sup>−2</sup><span> h</span><sup>−1</sup><span>). Average CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;emission rate was 251, 380 and 52 mg m</span><sup>−2</sup><span> h</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;for the ridge, transition and swamp location, respectively. At each location, higher CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>emission rates were also found in the warm seasons. The lowest CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;emission rate was found at the swamp location, where soil C content was the highest, due to less microbial biomass, less CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;production in such an anaerobic environment, and greater difficulty of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;diffusion to the atmosphere. Cumulative global warming potential emission from these three greenhouse gases was in an order of swamp &gt; transition &gt; ridge location. The ratio CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>/CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;production in soil is a critical factor for evaluating the overall benefit of soil C sequestration, which can be greatly offset by CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;production and emission.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01545.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Yu, K., Faulkner, S., and Baldwin, M., 2008, Effect of hydrological conditions on nitrous oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide dynamics in a bottomland hardwood forest and its implication for soil carbon sequestration: Global Change Biology, v. 14, no. 4, p. 798-812, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01545.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"798","endPage":"812","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215002,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01545.x"}],"volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05eae4b0c8380cd51012","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yu, K.","contributorId":23756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faulkner, S.P.","contributorId":55190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulkner","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baldwin, M.J. 0000-0002-7865-6590 baldwinm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7865-6590","contributorId":146154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"M.J.","email":"baldwinm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032096,"text":"70032096 - 2008 - Nitrogen fluxes through unsaturated zones in five agricultural settings across the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T08:36:29","indexId":"70032096","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen fluxes through unsaturated zones in five agricultural settings across the United States","docAbstract":"<p>The main physical and chemical controls on nitrogen (N) fluxes between the root zone and the water table were determined for agricultural sites in California, Indiana, Maryland, Nebraska, and Washington from 2004 to 2005. Sites included irrigated and nonirrigated fields; soil textures ranging from clay to sand; crops including corn, soybeans, almonds, and pasture; and unsaturated zone thicknesses ranging from 1 to 22 m. Chemical analyses of water from lysimeters and shallow wells indicate that advective transport of nitrate is the dominant process affecting the flux of N below the root zone. Vertical profiles of (i) nitrogen species, (ii) stable isotopes of nitrogen and oxygen, and (iii) oxygen, N, and argon in unsaturated zone air and correlations between N and other agricultural chemicals indicate that reactions do not greatly affect N concentrations between the root zone and the capillary fringe. As a result, physical factors, such as N application rate, water inputs, and evapotranspiration, control the differences in concentrations among the sites. Concentrations of N in shallow lysimeters exhibit seasonal variation, whereas concentrations in lysimeters deeper than a few meters are relatively stable. Based on concentration and recharge estimates, fluxes of N through the deep unsaturated zone range from 7 to 99 kg ha<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>yr<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>Vertical fluxes of N in ground water are lower due to spatial and historical changes in N inputs. High N fluxes are associated with coarse sediments and high N application rates.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Alliance of Crop, Soil,  and Environmental Science Societies ","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0010","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Green, C., Fisher, L., and Bekins, B., 2008, Nitrogen fluxes through unsaturated zones in five agricultural settings across the United States: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 3, p. 1073-1085, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0010.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1073","endPage":"1085","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214878,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0010"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66dae4b0c8380cd73023","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, C.T.","contributorId":73785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, L.H.","contributorId":34725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bekins, B.A.","contributorId":98309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031845,"text":"70031845 - 2008 - Influence of natural dissolved organic carbon on the bioavailability of mercury to a freshwater alga","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:36:45","indexId":"70031845","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of natural dissolved organic carbon on the bioavailability of mercury to a freshwater alga","docAbstract":"Bioavailability of mercury (Hg) to Selenastrum capricornutum was assessed in bioassays containing field-collected freshwater of varying dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) was measured using stable isotopes of methylmercury (MeHg) and inorganic Hg(II). BCFs for MeHg in low-DOC lake water were significantly larger than those in mixtures of lake water and high-DOC river water. The BCF for MeHg in rainwater (lowest DOC) was the largest of any treatment. Rainwater and lake water also had larger BCFs for Hg(II) than river water. Moreover, in freshwater collected from several US and Canadian field sites, BCFs for Hg(II) and MeHg were low when DOC concentrations were >5 mg L-1. These results suggest high concentrations of DOC inhibit bioavailability, while low concentrations may provide optimal conditions for algal uptake of Hg. However, variability of BCFs at low DOC indicates that DOC composition or other ligands may determine site-specific bioavailability of Hg.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.004","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Gorski, P., Armstrong, D., Hurley, J., and Krabbenhoft, D., 2008, Influence of natural dissolved organic carbon on the bioavailability of mercury to a freshwater alga: Environmental Pollution, v. 154, no. 1, p. 116-123, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.004.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"123","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242418,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214672,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.004"}],"volume":"154","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b55e4b0c8380cd6243c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gorski, P.R.","contributorId":85466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorski","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armstrong, D.E.","contributorId":75278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hurley, J.P.","contributorId":97645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035573,"text":"70035573 - 2008 - Middle to late cenozoic geology, hydrography, and fish evolution in the American Southwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035573","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Middle to late cenozoic geology, hydrography, and fish evolution in the American Southwest","docAbstract":"An evaluation of the poorly understood Cenozoic hydrologic history of the American Southwest using combined geological and biological data yields new insights with implications for tectonic evolution. The Mesozoic Cordilleran orogen next to the continental margin of southwestern North America probably formed the continental divide. Mountain building migrated eastward to cause uplift of the Rocky Mountains during the Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary Laramide orogeny. Closed drainage basins that developed between the two mountain belts trapped lake waters containing fish of Atlantic affinity. Oligocene-Miocene tectonic extension fragmented the western mountain belt and created abundant closed basins that gradually filled with sediments and became conduits for dispersal of fishes of both Pacific and Atlantic affinity. Abrupt arrival of the modern Colorado River to the Mojave-Sonora Desert region at ca. 5 Ma provided a new conduit for fish dispersal. Great dissimilarities in modern fish fauna, including differences in their mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), indicate that late Miocene runoff from the Colorado Plateau did not flow down the Platte or Rio Grande, or through the Lake Bonneville Basin. Fossil fishes from the upper Miocene part of the Bidahochi Formation on the Colorado Plateau have characteristics that reflect a habitat of large, swift-moving waters, and they are closely related to fossil fishes associated with the Snake and Sacramento Rivers. This evidence suggests that influx of fishes from the ancestral Snake River involved a major drainage, not merely small headwater transfers. ?? 2008 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2008.2439(12)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Spencer, J., Smith, G., and Dowling, T., 2008, Middle to late cenozoic geology, hydrography, and fish evolution in the American Southwest, <i>in</i> Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 439, p. 279-299, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(12).","startPage":"279","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216337,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(12)"},{"id":244200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"439","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56ece4b0c8380cd6d906","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spencer, J.E.","contributorId":91542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, G.R.","contributorId":97038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dowling, T.E.","contributorId":38935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowling","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031815,"text":"70031815 - 2008 - Characterization and cycling of atmospheric mercury along the central US Gulf Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:05:28","indexId":"70031815","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization and cycling of atmospheric mercury along the central US Gulf Coast","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id18\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id19\"><p>Concentrations of atmospheric Hg species, elemental Hg (Hg<sup>∘</sup>), reactive gaseous Hg (RGM), and fine particulate Hg (Hg-PM<sub>2.5</sub>) were measured at a coastal site near Weeks Bay, Alabama from April to August, 2005 and January to May, 2006. Mean concentrations of the species were 1.6&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.3&nbsp;ng&nbsp;m<sup>−3</sup>, 4.0&nbsp;±&nbsp;7.5&nbsp;pg&nbsp;m<sup>−3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and 2.7&nbsp;±&nbsp;3.4&nbsp;pg&nbsp;m<sup>−3</sup>, respectively. A strong diel pattern was observed for RGM (midday maximum concentrations were up to 92.7&nbsp;pg&nbsp;m<sup>−3</sup>), but not for Hg<sup>∘</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>or Hg-PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Elevated RGM concentrations (&gt;25&nbsp;pg&nbsp;m<sup>−3</sup>) in April and May of 2005 correlated with elevated average daytime O<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations (&gt;55&nbsp;ppbv) and high light intensity (&gt;500&nbsp;W&nbsp;m<sup>−2</sup>). These conditions generally corresponded with mixed continental-Gulf and exclusively continental air mass trajectories. Generally lower, but still elevated, RGM peaks observed in August, 2005 and January–March, 2006 correlated significantly (<i>p</i>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.05) with peaks in SO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>concentration and corresponded to periods of high light intensity and lower average daytime O<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations. During these times air masses were dominated by trajectories that originated over the continent. Elevated RGM concentrations likely resulted from photochemical oxidation of Hg<sup>∘</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>by atmospheric oxidants. This process may have been enhanced in and by the near-shore environment relative to inland sites. The marine boundary layer itself was not found to be a significant source of RGM.</p><p>Size segregation determination, using a limited dataset from two different methods, suggested that a significant fraction of particulate Hg was bound to coarse particles (&gt;2.5&nbsp;μm). A potential source of the large fraction of coarse particulate Hg in the study area is sequestration of RGM within sea salt aerosols. The presence of rapidly depositing RGM and coarse particulate Hg may be important sources of Hg input along the Gulf Coast. However, the impact of these species on deposition rates is yet to be determined.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.024","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Engle, M., Tate, M., Krabbenhoft, D., Kolker, A., Olson, M., Edgerton, E., DeWild, J., and McPherson, A., 2008, Characterization and cycling of atmospheric mercury along the central US Gulf Coast: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 3, p. 419-437, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.024.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"437","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214767,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.024"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4ace4b0c8380cd4be51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engle, M.A. 0000-0001-5258-7374","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":55144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tate, M.T.","contributorId":29638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolker, A. 0000-0002-5768-4533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":10947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olson, M.L.","contributorId":21989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Edgerton, E.S.","contributorId":91705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edgerton","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"DeWild, J.F. 0000-0003-4097-2798 jfdewild@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4097-2798","contributorId":56375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWild","given":"J.F.","email":"jfdewild@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McPherson, A.K.","contributorId":35142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70032060,"text":"70032060 - 2008 - Inverse geochemical modeling of groundwater evolution with emphasis on arsenic in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, Arkansas (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70032060","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inverse geochemical modeling of groundwater evolution with emphasis on arsenic in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, Arkansas (USA)","docAbstract":"Inverse geochemical modeling (PHREEQC) was used to identify the evolution of groundwater with emphasis on arsenic (As) release under reducing conditions in the shallow (25-30 m) Mississippi River Valley Alluvial aquifer, Arkansas, USA. The modeling was based on flow paths defined by high-precision (??2 cm) water level contour map; X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopic (SEM), and chemical analysis of boring-sediments for minerals; and detailed chemical analysis of groundwater along the flow paths. Potential phases were constrained using general trends in chemical analyses data of groundwater and sediments, and saturation indices data (MINTEQA2) of minerals in groundwater. Modeling results show that calcite, halite, fluorite, Fe oxyhydroxide, organic matter, H2S (gas) were dissolving with mole transfers of 1.40E - 03, 2.13E - 04, 4.15E - 06, 1.25E + 01, 3.11, and 9.34, respectively along the dominant flow line. Along the same flow line, FeS, siderite, and vivianite were precipitating with mole transfers of 9.34, 3.11, and 2.64E - 07, respectively. Cation exchange reactions of Ca2+ (4.93E - 04 mol) for Na+ (2.51E - 04 mol) on exchange sites occurred along the dominant flow line. Gypsum dissolution reactions were dominant over calcite dissolution in some of the flow lines due to the common ion effect. The concentration of As in groundwater ranged from <0.5 to 77 ??g/L. Twenty percent total As was complexed with Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides. The redox environment, chemical data of sediments and groundwater, and the results of inverse geochemical modeling indicate that reductive dissolution of Fe oxyhydroxide is the dominant process of As release in the groundwater. The relative rate of reduction of Fe oxyhydroxide over SO42 - with co-precipitation of As into sulfide is the limiting factor controlling dissolved As in groundwater. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.027","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Sharif, M., Davis, R., Steele, K., Kim, B., Kresse, T., and Fazio, J., 2008, Inverse geochemical modeling of groundwater evolution with emphasis on arsenic in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, Arkansas (USA): Journal of Hydrology, v. 350, no. 1-2, p. 41-55, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.027.","startPage":"41","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214875,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.027"},{"id":242631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"350","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e4be4b0c8380cd63c5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharif, M.U.","contributorId":106243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharif","given":"M.U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, R.K.","contributorId":85307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steele, K.F.","contributorId":50270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kim, B.","contributorId":93173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kresse, T.M.","contributorId":107019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kresse","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fazio, J.A.","contributorId":63135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fazio","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030236,"text":"70030236 - 2008 - Mercury, trace elements and organic constituents in atmospheric fine particulate matter, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA: A combined approach to sampling and analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T07:35:30","indexId":"70030236","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1822,"text":"Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury, trace elements and organic constituents in atmospheric fine particulate matter, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA: A combined approach to sampling and analysis","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Compliance with U.S. air quality regulatory standards for atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) is based on meeting average 24 hour (35 μ m<sup>−3</sup>) and yearly (15 μg m<sup>−3</sup>) mass‐per‐unit‐volume limits, regardless of PM<sub>2.5</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>composition. Whereas this presents a workable regulatory framework, information on particle composition is needed to assess the fate and transport of PM<sub>2.5</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and determine potential environmental/human health impacts. To address these important non‐regulatory issues an integrated approach is generally used that includes (1) field sampling of atmospheric particulate matter on filter media, using a size‐limiting cyclone, or with no particle‐size limitation; and (2) chemical extraction of exposed filters and analysis of separate particulate‐bound fractions for total mercury, trace elements and organic constituents, utilising different USGS laboratories optimised for quantitative analysis of these substances. This combination of sampling and analysis allowed for a more detailed interpretation of PM<sub>2.5</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>sources and potential effects, compared to measurements of PM<sub>2.5</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>abundance alone. Results obtained using this combined approach are presented for a 2006 air sampling campaign in Shenandoah National Park (Virginia, USA) to assess sources of atmospheric contaminants and their potential impact on air quality in the Park. PM<sub>2.5</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>was collected at two sampling sites (Big Meadows and Pinnacles) separated by 13.6 km. At both sites, element concentrations in PM<sub>25</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>were low, consistent with remote or rural locations. However, element/Zr crustal abundance enrichment factors greater than 10, indicating anthropogenic input, were found for Hg, Se, S, Sb, Cd, Pb, Mo, Zn and Cu, listed in decreasing order of enrichment. Principal component analysis showed that four element associations accounted for 84% of the PM<sub>2.5</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>trace element variation; these associations are interpreted to represent: (1) crustal sources (Al, REE); (2) coal combustion (Se, Sb), (3) metal production and/or mobile sources (Mo, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn) and (4) a transient marine source (Sr, Mg). Concentrations of Hg in PM<sub>2.5</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>at background levels in the single pg m<sup>−3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>were shown by collection and analysis of PM<sub>2.5</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>on filters and by an automated speciation analyser set up at the Big Meadows air quality site. The speciation unit revealed periodic elevation of reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) that co‐occurred with peaks in SO<sub>2</sub>, indicating an anthropogenic source. GC/MS total ion current chromatograms for the two sites were quite similar indicating that organic signatures were regional in extent and/or that the same compounds were present locally at each site. Calculated carbon preference index values for<span>&nbsp;</span><i>n</i>‐alkanes indicated that plant waxes rather than anthropogenic sources, were the dominant alkane source. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected, with a predominance of non‐alkylated, and higher molecular weight PAHs in this fraction, suggestive of a combustion source (fossil fuel or forest fires).</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-908X.2008.00913.x","issn":"16394","usgsCitation":"Kolker, A., Engle, M., Orem, W., Bunnell, J., Lerch, H., Krabbenhoft, D., Olson, M., and McCord, J., 2008, Mercury, trace elements and organic constituents in atmospheric fine particulate matter, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA: A combined approach to sampling and analysis: Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, v. 32, no. 3, p. 279-293, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2008.00913.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"293","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211712,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2008.00913.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park ","volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5437e4b0c8380cd6cefa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolker, A. 0000-0002-5768-4533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":10947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engle, M.A. 0000-0001-5258-7374","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":55144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orem, W. H. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":93084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bunnell, J.E.","contributorId":63512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lerch, H.E.","contributorId":100371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lerch","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Olson, M.L.","contributorId":21989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McCord, J.D.","contributorId":74199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCord","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70032052,"text":"70032052 - 2008 - Ground-based thermography of fluvial systems at low and high discharge reveals potential complex thermal heterogeneity driven by flow variation and bioroughness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:07:48","indexId":"70032052","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-based thermography of fluvial systems at low and high discharge reveals potential complex thermal heterogeneity driven by flow variation and bioroughness","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Temperature is a primary physical and biogeochemical variable in aquatic systems. Field‐based measurement of temperature at discrete sampling points has revealed temperature variability in fluvial systems, but traditional techniques do not readily allow for synoptic sampling schemes that can address temperature‐related questions with broad, yet detailed, coverage. We present results of thermal infrared imaging at different stream discharge (base flow and peak flood) conditions using a handheld IR camera. Remotely sensed temperatures compare well with those measured with a digital thermometer. The thermal images show that periphyton, wood, and sandbars induce significant thermal heterogeneity during low stages. Moreover, the images indicate temperature variability within the periphyton community and within the partially submerged bars. The thermal heterogeneity was diminished during flood inundation, when the areas of more slowly moving water to the side of the stream differed in their temperature. The results have consequences for thermally sensitive hydroecological processes and implications for models of those processes, especially those that assume an effective stream temperature. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6932","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Cardenas, M., Harvey, J., Packman, A., and Scott, D., 2008, Ground-based thermography of fluvial systems at low and high discharge reveals potential complex thermal heterogeneity driven by flow variation and bioroughness: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 7, p. 980-986, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6932.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"980","endPage":"986","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214748,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6932"}],"volume":"22","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2b6ae4b0c8380cd5b962","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cardenas, M.B.","contributorId":88575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cardenas","given":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Packman, A.I.","contributorId":37539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Packman","given":"A.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scott, D.T.","contributorId":44324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032038,"text":"70032038 - 2008 - Evaluation of statistical treatments of left-censored environmental data using coincident uncensored data sets: I. Summary statistics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:43:02","indexId":"70032038","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of statistical treatments of left-censored environmental data using coincident uncensored data sets: I. Summary statistics","docAbstract":"The main classes of statistical treatment of below-detection limit (left-censored) environmental data for the determination of basic statistics that have been used in the literature are substitution methods, maximum likelihood, regression on order statistics (ROS), and nonparametric techniques. These treatments, along with using all instrument-generated data (even those below detection), were evaluated by examining data sets in which the true values of the censored data were known. It was found that for data sets with less than 70% censored data, the best technique overall for determination of summary statistics was the nonparametric Kaplan-Meier technique. ROS and the two substitution methods of assigning one-half the detection limit value to censored data or assigning a random number between zero and the detection limit to censored data were adequate alternatives. The use of these two substitution methods, however, requires a thorough understanding of how the laboratory censored the data. The technique of employing all instrument-generated data - including numbers below the detection limit - was found to be less adequate than the above techniques. At high degrees of censoring (greater than 70% censored data), no technique provided good estimates of summary statistics. Maximum likelihood techniques were found to be far inferior to all other treatments except substituting zero or the detection limit value to censored data.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es071301c","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Antweiler, R.C., and Taylor, H.E., 2008, Evaluation of statistical treatments of left-censored environmental data using coincident uncensored data sets: I. Summary statistics: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 42, no. 10, p. 3732-3738, https://doi.org/10.1021/es071301c.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3732","endPage":"3738","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214998,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es071301c"}],"volume":"42","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cc6e4b0c8380cd52cbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":434265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":434264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035197,"text":"70035197 - 2008 - Sensitivity of wetland saturated hydraulic heads and water budgets to evapotranspiration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035197","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of wetland saturated hydraulic heads and water budgets to evapotranspiration","docAbstract":"The sensitivity of wetland saturated hydraulic heads and water budgets to evapotranspiration (ET) was examined using a simplified hydrologic model and eight representations of ET. Estimates of ET that created the most reliable wetland saturated hydraulic heads and water budgets employed vegetation coefficients to correct potential ET, calculated by the Priestley-Taylor equation, to actual ET. The accuracy of simulated hydraulic heads generally improved by &lt; 1 cm, however, when using the most reliable ET estimates based on vegetation coefficients. An ET estimate that used a regression-defined extinction depth created substantial errors in simulated water budgets. Specifically, the extinction-depth ET overestimated the annual actual ET by about 40 (400 mm). An ET approximation that overestimates actual ET by 400 mm annually applied in a regional hydrologic model over the 5400 km<sup>2</sup> area of Everglades National Park would underestimate the annual volume of water available for ground-water recharge and surface-water runoff to coastal estuaries by 2.3 billion m<sup>3</sup>. For comparison, this underestimation is about two thirds of the mean volume of water in Lake Okeechobee (3.8 billion m<sup>3</sup>), the largest lake in Florida, and clearly demonstrates unbiased estimates of ET are necessary for reliably simulating wetland water budgets. ?? 2008 The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/08-105.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Shoemaker, W., Huddleston, S., Boudreau, C., and O’Reilly, A.M., 2008, Sensitivity of wetland saturated hydraulic heads and water budgets to evapotranspiration: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 4, p. 1040-1047, https://doi.org/10.1672/08-105.1.","startPage":"1040","endPage":"1047","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215152,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/08-105.1"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d3ae4b08c986b3182e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shoemaker, W.B. 0000-0002-7680-377X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7680-377X","contributorId":51889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huddleston, S.","contributorId":107122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huddleston","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boudreau, C.L.","contributorId":6681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boudreau","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Reilly, A. M.","contributorId":71219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Reilly","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032035,"text":"70032035 - 2008 - Anthropogenic influences on the input and biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and mercury in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70032035","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anthropogenic influences on the input and biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and mercury in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA","docAbstract":"Despite the ecological and economic importance of Great Salt Lake (GSL), little is known about the input and biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and trace elements in the lake. In response to increasing public concern regarding anthropogenic inputs to the GSL ecosystem, the US Geological Survey (USGS) and US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) initiated coordinated studies to quantify and evaluate the significance of nutrient and Hg inputs into GSL. A 6??? decrease in ??15N observed in brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) samples collected from GSL during summer time periods is likely due to the consumption of cyanobacteria produced in freshwater bays entering the lake. Supporting data collected from the outflow of Farmington Bay indicates decreasing trends in ??15N in particulate organic matter (POM) during the mid-summer time period, reflective of increasing proportions of cyanobacteria in algae exported to GSL on a seasonal basis. The C:N molar ratio of POM in outflow from Farmington Bay decreases during the summer period, supportive of the increased activity of N fixation indicated by decreasing ??15N in brine shrimp and POM. Although N fixation is only taking place in the relatively freshwater inflows to GSL, data indicate that influx of fresh water influences large areas of the lake. Separation of GSL into two distinct hydrologic and geochemical systems from the construction of a railroad causeway in the late 1950s has created a persistent and widespread anoxic layer in the southern part of GSL. This anoxic layer, referred to as the deep brine layer (DBL), has high rates of SO42 - reduction, likely increasing the Hg methylation capacity. High concentrations of methyl mercury (CH3Hg) (median concentration = 24 ng/L) were observed in the DBL with a significant proportion (31-60%) of total Hg in the CH3Hg form. Hydroacoustic and sediment-trap evidence indicate that turbulence introduced by internal waves generated during sustained wind events can temporarily mix the elevated CH3Hg concentrations in the DBL with the more biologically active upper brine layer (UBL). Brine shrimp collected during the summer/fall time periods contained elevated Hg concentrations (median concentration = 0.34 mg/kg, dry weight (dw)) relative to samples collected during the spring (median concentration < 0.2 mg/kg, dw). Higher Hg in brine shrimp during the summer and fall may reflect the higher proportion of adult brine shrimp during this time period, resulting in an increased time for bioaccumulation of Hg. Eared grebes (Podiceps nigricollis) consume brine shrimp from GSL during the fall molting period. Median Hg concentrations in eared grebe livers increased by almost three times during the 3-5 month fall molting period. Selected duck species utilizing GSL have consistently exceeded the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) screening level for Hg (0.3 mg/kg Hg wet weight), resulting in the issuance of warnings against unlimited human consumption of breast muscle tissue.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.03.002","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Naftz, D., Angeroth, C., Kenney, T., Waddell, B., Darnall, N., Silva, S., Perschon, C., and Whitehead, J., 2008, Anthropogenic influences on the input and biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and mercury in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 6, p. 1731-1744, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.03.002.","startPage":"1731","endPage":"1744","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214964,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.03.002"}],"volume":"23","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec5ae4b0c8380cd49204","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naftz, D.","contributorId":37158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angeroth, C.","contributorId":53607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angeroth","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kenney, T.","contributorId":93281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenney","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waddell, B.","contributorId":17007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Darnall, N.","contributorId":86551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darnall","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Silva, S.","contributorId":68518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Perschon, C.","contributorId":52403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perschon","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Whitehead, J.","contributorId":54409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehead","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70032016,"text":"70032016 - 2008 - Analysis of chlorothalonil and three degradates in sediment and soil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:11:06","indexId":"70032016","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2149,"text":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of chlorothalonil and three degradates in sediment and soil","docAbstract":"<p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">A method has been developed for the simultaneous extraction of chlorothalonil and three of its degradates (4-hydroxy-2,5,6-trichloroisophthalonitrile, 1-carbamoyl-3-cyano-4-hydroxy-2,5,6-trichlorobenzene, and 1,3-dicarbamoyl-2,4,5,6-tetrachlorobenzene) from soils and sediments; the compounds were extracted using sonication with acetone and isolation of the parent compound and matrix interferences from the degradates by solid phase extraction (SPE). The chlorothalonil fraction underwent further coextracted matrix interference removal with Florisil. The degradates were derivatized with<span>&nbsp;</span><i>N</i>,<i>O-</i>bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) and chlorotrimethylsilane (TMCS). All compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Recoveries on a spiked (20 and 200 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>) sediment ranged from 80% to 91% with calculated limits of detection of 1−5 µg kg<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>dry weight sediment. An additional 20 sediment samples were collected in watersheds from the Southeastern United States where chlorothalonil is used widely on peanuts and other crops. None of the target compounds were detected. Laboratory fortified recoveries of chlorothalonil and its degradates in these environmental sediment samples ranged from 75% to 89%.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/jf703695s","issn":"00218561","usgsCitation":"Hladik, M., and Kuivila, K., 2008, Analysis of chlorothalonil and three degradates in sediment and soil: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 56, no. 7, p. 2310-2314, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf703695s.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2310","endPage":"2314","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214681,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf703695s"}],"volume":"56","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb0de4b0c8380cd48ba3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hladik, M.L. 0000-0002-0891-2712","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":51111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuivila, K.M.","contributorId":34529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030644,"text":"70030644 - 2008 - The role of hydrologic regimes on dissolved organic carbon composition in an agricultural watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T11:36:50","indexId":"70030644","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of hydrologic regimes on dissolved organic carbon composition in an agricultural watershed","docAbstract":"Willow Slough, a seasonally irrigated agricultural watershed in the Sacramento River valley, California, was sampled weekly in 2006 in order to investigate seasonal concentrations and compositions of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Average DOC concentrations nearly doubled from winter baseflow (2.75 mg L-1) to summer irrigation (5.14 mg L-1), while a concomitant increase in carbon-normalized vanillyl phenols (0.11 mg 100 mg OC-1 increasing to 0.31 mg 100 mg OC-1, on average) indicates that this additional carbon is likely vascular plant-derived. A strong linear relationship between lignin concentration and total suspended sediments (r2 = 0.79) demonstrates that agricultural management practices that mobilize sediments will likely have a direct and significant impact on DOC composition. The original source of vascular plant-derived DOC to Willow Slough appears to be the same throughout the year as evidenced by similar syringyl to vanillyl and cinnamyl to vanillyl ratios. However, differing diagenetic pathways during winter baseflow as compared to the rest of the year are evident in acid to aldehyde ratios of both vanillyl and syringyl phenols. The chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption coefficient at 350 nm showed a strong correlation with lignin concentration (r2 = 0.83). Other CDOM measurements related to aromaticity and molecular weight also showed correlations with carbon-normalized yields (e.g. specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (r2 = 0.57) and spectral slope (r2 = 0.54)). Our overall findings suggest that irrigated agricultural watersheds like Willow Slough can potentially have a significant impact on mainstem DOC concentration and composition when scaled to the entire watershed of the main tributary. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2008.07.031","issn":"00167","usgsCitation":"Hernes, P., Spencer, R., Dyda, R., Pellerin, B., Bachand, P., and Bergamaschi, B., 2008, The role of hydrologic regimes on dissolved organic carbon composition in an agricultural watershed: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 72, no. 21, p. 5266-5277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.07.031.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"5266","endPage":"5277","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212079,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.07.031"}],"volume":"72","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf77e4b08c986b3247fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hernes, P.J.","contributorId":89651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernes","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spencer, R.G.M.","contributorId":60361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"R.G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dyda, R.Y.","contributorId":59630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyda","given":"R.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pellerin, B.A.","contributorId":81233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bachand, P.A.M.","contributorId":9857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachand","given":"P.A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bergamaschi, B.A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":22401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032011,"text":"70032011 - 2008 - Probable flood predictions in ungauged coastal basins of El Salvador","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032011","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Probable flood predictions in ungauged coastal basins of El Salvador","docAbstract":"A regionalization procedure is presented and used to predict probable flooding in four ungauged coastal river basins of El Salvador: Paz, Jiboa, Grande de San Miguel, and Goascoran. The flood-prediction problem is sequentially solved for two regions: upstream mountains and downstream alluvial plains. In the upstream mountains, a set of rainfall-runoff parameter values and recurrent peak-flow discharge hydrographs are simultaneously estimated for 20 tributary-basin models. Application of dissimilarity equations among tributary basins (soft prior information) permitted development of a parsimonious parameter structure subject to information content in the recurrent peak-flow discharge values derived using regression equations based on measurements recorded outside the ungauged study basins. The estimated joint set of parameter values formed the basis from which probable minimum and maximum peak-flow discharge limits were then estimated revealing that prediction uncertainty increases with basin size. In the downstream alluvial plain, model application of the estimated minimum and maximum peak-flow hydrographs facilitated simulation of probable 100-year flood-flow depths in confined canyons and across unconfined coastal alluvial plains. The regionalization procedure provides a tool for hydrologic risk assessment and flood protection planning that is not restricted to the case presented herein. ?? 2008 ASCE.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:5(321)","issn":"10840699","usgsCitation":"Friedel, M., Smith, M., Chica, A., and Litke, D., 2008, Probable flood predictions in ungauged coastal basins of El Salvador, <i>in</i> Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 13, no. 5, p. 321-332, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:5(321).","startPage":"321","endPage":"332","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214618,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:5(321)"},{"id":242358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8cc5e4b0c8380cd7e896","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedel, M.J.","contributorId":90823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, M.E.","contributorId":104525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chica, A.M.E.","contributorId":105139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chica","given":"A.M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Litke, D.","contributorId":64906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litke","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035354,"text":"70035354 - 2008 - Opposing environmental gradients govern vegetation zonation in an intermountain playa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035354","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Opposing environmental gradients govern vegetation zonation in an intermountain playa","docAbstract":"Vegetation zonation was investigated at an intermountain playa wetland (Mishak Lakes) in the San Luis Valley (SLV) of southern Colorado. Plant composition and abiotic conditions were quantified in six vegetation zones. Reciprocal transplants were performed to test the importance of abiotic factors in governing zonation. Abiotic conditions differed among several vegetation zones. Prolonged inundation led to anaerobic soils in the Eleocharis palustris and the submerged aquatics zones, on the low end of the site's 1.25 m elevation gradient. On the high end of the gradient, soil salinity and sodicity (a measure of exchangeable sodium) were high in the Distichlis spicata zone (electrical conductivity, EC = 5.3 dS/m, sodium absorption ratio, SAR = 44.0) and extreme in the Sarcobatus vermiculatus zone (EC = 21 dS/m, SAR = 274). Transplanted species produced maximum biomass in the zone where they originated, not in any other higher or lower vegetation zone. The greatest overall transplant effect occurred for E. palustris, which experienced a ??? 77% decline in productivity when transplanted to other zones. This study provides evidence that physical factors are a major determinant of vegetation zone composition and distribution across the entire elevation gradient at Mishak Lakes. Patterns at Mishak Lakes arise from counter-directional stress gradients: a gradient from anaerobic to well-oxygenated from basin bottom to upland and a gradient from extremely high salinity to low salinity in the opposing direction. Because abiotic conditions dominate vegetation zonation, restoration of the altered hydrologic regime of this wetland to a natural hydrologic regime may be sufficient to re-establish many of the natural biodiversity functions provided by these wetlands. ?? 2008 The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/07-111.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Sanderson, J., Kotliar, N., and Steingraeber, D., 2008, Opposing environmental gradients govern vegetation zonation in an intermountain playa: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 4, p. 1060-1070, https://doi.org/10.1672/07-111.1.","startPage":"1060","endPage":"1070","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215495,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/07-111.1"},{"id":243305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ec3e4b0c8380cd757b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanderson, J.S.","contributorId":13424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanderson","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kotliar, N.B.","contributorId":7649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotliar","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steingraeber, D.A.","contributorId":95269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steingraeber","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032595,"text":"70032595 - 2008 - Flood trends and river engineering on the Mississippi River system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032595","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flood trends and river engineering on the Mississippi River system","docAbstract":"Along >4000 km of the Mississippi River system, we document that climate, land-use change, and river engineering have contributed to statistically significant increases in flooding over the past 100-150 years. Trends were tested using a database of >8 million hydrological measurements. A geospatial database of historical engineering construction was used to quantify the response of flood levels to each unit of engineering infrastructure. Significant climate- and/or land use-driven increases in flow were detected, but the largest and most pervasive contributors to increased flooding on the Mississippi River system were wing dikes and related navigational structures, followed by progressive levee construction. In the area of the 2008 Upper Mississippi flood, for example, about 2 m of the flood crest is linked to navigational and flood-control engineering. Systemwide, large increases in flood levels were documented at locations and at times of wing-dike and levee construction. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008GL035987","issn":"00948","usgsCitation":"Pinter, N., Jemberie, A., Remo, J., Heine, R., and Ickes, B., 2008, Flood trends and river engineering on the Mississippi River system: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 35, no. 23, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035987.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213918,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035987"},{"id":241590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1156e4b0c8380cd53f75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pinter, N.","contributorId":73721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinter","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jemberie, A.A.","contributorId":46835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jemberie","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Remo, J.W.F.","contributorId":107156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remo","given":"J.W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heine, R.A.","contributorId":61305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heine","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ickes, B.S. 0000-0001-5622-3842","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5622-3842","contributorId":39332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ickes","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035275,"text":"70035275 - 2008 - The importance of hydrology in restoration of bottomland hardwood wetland functions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035275","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of hydrology in restoration of bottomland hardwood wetland functions","docAbstract":"Bottomland hardwood (BLH) forests have important biogeochemical functions and it is well known that certain structural components, including pulsed hydrology, hydric soils, and hydrophytic vegetation, enhance these functions. It is unclear, however, how functions of restored BLH wetlands compare to mature, undisturbed wetlands. We measured a suite of structural and functional attributes in replicated natural BLH wetlands (NAT), restored BLH wetlands with hydrology re-established (RWH), and restored BLH wetlands without hydrology re-established (RWOH) in this study. Trees were replanted in all restored wetlands at least four years prior to the study and those wetlands with hydrology re-established had flashboard risers placed in drainage ditches to allow seasonal surface flooding. Vegetation, soils, and selected biogeochemical functions were characterized at each site. There was a marked difference in woody vegetation among the wetlands that was due primarily to site age. There was also a difference in herbaceous vegetation among the restored sites that may have been related to differences in age or hydrology. Water table fluctuations of the RWH wetlands were comparable to those of the NAT wetlands. Thus, placing flashboard risers in existing drainage ditches, along with proper management, can produce a hydroperiod that is similar to that of a relatively undisturbed BLH. Average length of saturation within the upper 15 cm of soils was 37, 104, and 97 days for RWOH, RWH, and NAT, respectively. Soil moisture, denitrification potential, and soluble organic carbon concentrations differed among wetland sites, but soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations, heterotrophic microbial activity, and readily mineralizable carbon concentrations did not. Significant linear relationships were also found between soil moisture and heterotrophic microbial activity, readily mineralizable carbon, and soluble organic carbon. In addition, sedimentation rates were higher in NAT and RWH wetlands than in RWOH sites. Results of this study suggest that reconnection of bottomland hardwood wetlands to their surrounding watershed through the restoration of surface hydrology is necessary to restore wetland functions important to nutrient and sediment removal. ?? 2008 The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/07-139.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Hunter, R., Faulkner, S., and Gibson, K., 2008, The importance of hydrology in restoration of bottomland hardwood wetland functions: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 3, p. 605-615, https://doi.org/10.1672/07-139.1.","startPage":"605","endPage":"615","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215338,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/07-139.1"},{"id":243133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacf9e4b08c986b3238ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, R.G.","contributorId":67215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faulkner, S.P.","contributorId":55190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulkner","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibson, K.A.","contributorId":88970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032006,"text":"70032006 - 2008 - Coupled effect of chemotaxis and growth on microbial distributions in organic-amended aquifer sediments: Observations from laboratory and field studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:17:59","indexId":"70032006","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coupled effect of chemotaxis and growth on microbial distributions in organic-amended aquifer sediments: Observations from laboratory and field studies","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">The inter-relationship of growth and chemotactic response exhibited by two common soil-inhabiting bacteria was investigated to determine its impact on bacterial migration. Filter-chambers were used to simulate aquifer sediments characterized by vertical gradients of organic contaminants in both artificial groundwater flow systems in the laboratory and within the screened intervals of observation wells in a sandy aquifer. A labile model contaminant (acetate) was added to the top compartments of the three-part chambers, whereas bacteria with a demonstrated propensity to grow on and chemotactically respond to acetate were introduced to the lower compartments. The motility and chemotactic response of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Pseudomonas putida</i><span>&nbsp;</span>F1 resulted in 40 to 110% greater abundances in the upper compartments and concomitant 22 to 70% depletions in the lower compartments relative to the nonchemotactic controls over 2 days. Bacteria were in greatest abundance within the sand plug that separated the upper and lower compartments where sharp acetate gradients induced a strong chemotactic response. This observation was consistent with predictions from a mathematical model. In agreement with the laboratory results, the down-well filter-chamber incubations with<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Pseudomonas stutzeri</i><span>&nbsp;</span>in the aquifer indicated that 91% fewer bacteria resided in the lower compartment than the control experiment without acetate at 15 h. The combination of chemotaxis and growth greatly accelerated the migration of bacteria toward and subsequent abundance at the higher acetate concentration.</p></div></div><div class=\"hlFld-Fulltext\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es702392h","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Wang, M., Ford, R., and Harvey, R., 2008, Coupled effect of chemotaxis and growth on microbial distributions in organic-amended aquifer sediments: Observations from laboratory and field studies: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 42, no. 10, p. 3556-3562, https://doi.org/10.1021/es702392h.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3556","endPage":"3562","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215054,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es702392h"}],"volume":"42","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc88e4b0c8380cd4e2d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, M.","contributorId":98810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ford, R.M.","contributorId":95689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031987,"text":"70031987 - 2008 - Assessment of crop growth and soil water modules in SWAT2000 using extensive field experiment data in an irrigation district of the Yellow River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70031987","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of crop growth and soil water modules in SWAT2000 using extensive field experiment data in an irrigation district of the Yellow River Basin","docAbstract":"SWAT, a physically-based, hydrological model simulates crop growth, soil water and groundwater movement, and transport of sediment and nutrients at both the process and watershed scales. While the different versions of SWAT have been widely used throughout the world for agricultural and water resources applications, little has been done to test the performance, variability, and transferability of the parameters in the crop growth, soil water, and groundwater modules in an integrated way with multiple sets of field experimental data at the process scale. Using an multiple years of field experimental data of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the irrigation district of the Yellow River Basin, this paper assesses the performance of the plant-soil-groundwater modules and the variability and transferability of SWAT2000. Comparison of the simulated results by SWAT to the observations showed that SWAT performed quite unsatisfactorily in LAI predictions during the senescence stage, in yield predictions, and in soil-water estimation under dry soil-profile conditions. The unsatisfactory performance in LAI prediction might be attributed to over-simplified senescence modeling; in yield prediction to the improper computation of the harvest index; and in soil water under dry conditions to the exclusion of groundwater evaporation from the soil water balance in SWAT. In this paper, improvements in crop growth, soil water, and groundwater modules in SWAT were implemented. The saturated soil profile was coupled to the oscillating groundwater table. A variable evaporation coefficient taking into account soil water deficit index, groundwater depth, and crop root depth was used to replace the fixed coefficient in computing groundwater evaporation. The soil water balance included the groundwater evaporation. The modifications improved simulations of crop evapotranspiration and biomass as well as soil water dynamics under dry soil-profile conditions. The evaluation shows that the crop growth and soil water components of SWAT could be further refined to better simulate the hydrology of agricultural watersheds. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.01.003","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Luo, Y., He, C., Sophocleous, M., Yin, Z., Hongrui, R., and Ouyang, Z., 2008, Assessment of crop growth and soil water modules in SWAT2000 using extensive field experiment data in an irrigation district of the Yellow River Basin: Journal of Hydrology, v. 352, no. 1-2, p. 139-156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.01.003.","startPage":"139","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214745,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.01.003"}],"volume":"352","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee2ae4b0c8380cd49bd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luo, Y.","contributorId":28417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"He, C.","contributorId":76951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sophocleous, M.","contributorId":13373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sophocleous","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yin, Z.","contributorId":108077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yin","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hongrui, R.","contributorId":34340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hongrui","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ouyang, Z.","contributorId":28815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ouyang","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
]}