{"pageNumber":"239","pageRowStart":"5950","pageSize":"25","recordCount":6232,"records":[{"id":28907,"text":"wri7420 - 1974 - Empirical data on longitudinal dispersion in rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-07T14:26:22","indexId":"wri7420","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-20","title":"Empirical data on longitudinal dispersion in rivers","docAbstract":"Empirical data on longitudinal dispersion process in rivers are compiled from published and unpublished sources.  Fifty-one sets of data, covering flows from about 30 cubic feet per second to 241,000 cubic feet per second (0.85 to 6,820 cubic meters per second), are analyzed graphically.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7420","usgsCitation":"Nordin, C.F., and Sabol, G.V., 1974, Empirical data on longitudinal dispersion in rivers: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 74-20, vii, 332 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7420.","productDescription":"vii, 332 p.","numberOfPages":"339","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1974/0020/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":270154,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1974/0020/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605697","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordin, Carl F.","contributorId":68297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordin","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sabol, George V.","contributorId":65509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sabol","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":56789,"text":"wdrLA731 - 1974 - Water resources data for Louisiana, water year 1973","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-10T17:12:13.467012","indexId":"wdrLA731","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"LA-73-1","title":"Water resources data for Louisiana, water year 1973","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1973 water year for West Virginia including records of streamflow or reservoir storage at gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sites, records of water-quality data on the chemical and physical characteristics of surface water, and records of ground-water levels at index wells are given in this report. In Part 1, records are included for 126 gaging stations of which 119 are streamflow discharge stations, 1 is stage only streamflow station, and 6 are reservoir or lake stations; also included are records for 2 low-flow partial-record stations, 39 crest-stage partial-record stations and 7 miscellaneous sites. Locations of gaging stations are shown in Figure 1, and location of partial-record stations are shown in Figure 2. In Part 2, data on the quality of surface water (chemical, temperature, and sediment) were collected from designated sampling sites at predetermined intervals, such as once daily, weekly, monthly, or less frequently, and at some sites data were recorded on punched paper tape at 15-, 30-, or 60-minute intervals. Records are given for 28 sampling stations of which 18 are continuous record stations, and 10 are partial-record stations. Locations of water quality stations are shown in Figure 1. A few pertinent stations (not included above) in bordering States are also included in this report. In Part 3, records are included for 46 observation wells of which 8 are equipped with water-level recorders that give a continuous graph of the fluctuations, 3 are equipped with digital recorders that punch the water level on a tape at hourly intervals, at 35 manual reading are made with a steel tape by observers on the days indicated. Locations of index wells are shown in Figure 2. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey under the direction of Edwin E. Harris, district chief. These data represent that portion of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in West Virginia.</p><p>Beginning with the 1961 water year, streamflow records and related data have been released by the Geological Survey in annual reports on a State-boundary basis. Water-quality records beginning with the 1964 water year have been similarly released either in separate reports or in conjunction with streamflow records. These reports are for limited distribution and are designed primarily for rapid release of data shortly after the end of the water year.</p><p>Records of discharge and stage of streams, and contents and stage of lakes and reservoirs are published in a series of U.S. Geological Survey water-supply papers entitled, \"Surface Water Supply of the United States.\" Through September 30, 1960, these water-supply papers were in an annual series and since then are in a 5-year series. Records of chemical quality, water temperatures, and suspended sediment have been published since 1941 in an annual series of water-supply papers entitled, \"Quality of Surface Waters of the United States.\" More information is given under the headings \"Publications\" on page 21. Records of ground water levels are published in a series of water supply papers entitled, \"Ground-water Levels in the United States\". Through 1955 these were in an annual series but are now in a 5-year series. More information is given under the heading \"Publications\" on page 22.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrLA731","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Public Works and with other State and Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1974, Water resources data for Louisiana, water year 1973: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report LA-73-1, xii, 315 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrLA731.","productDescription":"xii, 315 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":481880,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1973/la-73-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":173880,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1973/la-73-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":56674,"text":"wdrWV731 - 1974 - Water resources data for West Virginia, water year 1973","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-24T16:57:33.219919","indexId":"wdrWV731","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"WV-73-1","title":"Water resources data for West Virginia, water year 1973","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1973 water year for West Virginia including records of streamflow or reservoir storage at gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sites, records of water-quality data on the chemical and physical characteristics of surface water, and records of ground-water levels at index wells are given in this report. In Part 1, records are included for 126 gaging stations of which 119 are streamflow discharge stations, 1 is stage only streamflow station, and 6 are reservoir or lake stations; also included are records for 2 low-flow partial-record stations, 39 crest-stage partial-record stations and 7 miscellaneous sites. Locations of gaging stations are shown in Figure 1, and location of partial-record stations are shown in Figure 2. In Part 2, data on the quality of surface water (chemical, temperature, and sediment) were collected from designated sampling sites at predetermined intervals, such as once daily, weekly, monthly, or less frequently, and at some sites data were recorded on punched paper tape at 15-, 30-, or 60-minute intervals. Records are given for 28 sampling stations of which 18 are continuous record stations, and 10 are partial-record stations. Locations of water-quality stations are shown in Figure 1. A few pertinent stations (not included above) in bordering States are also included in this report. In Part 3, records are included for 46 observation wells of which 8 are equipped with water-level recorders that give a continuous graph of the fluctuations, 3 are equipped with digital recorders that punch the water level on a tape at hourly intervals, at 35 manual reading are made with a steel tape by observers on the days indicated. Locations of index wells are shown in Figure 2. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey under the direction of Edwin E. Harris, district chief. These data represent that portion of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in West Virginia.</p><p>Beginning with the 1961 water year, streamflow records and related data have been released by the Geological Survey in annual reports on a State-boundary basis. Water-quality records beginning with the 1964 water year have been similarly released either in separate reports or in conjunction with streamflow records. These reports are for limited distribution and are designed primarily for rapid release of data shortly after the end of the water year.</p><p>Records of discharge and stage of streams, and contents and stage of lakes and reservoirs are published in a series of U.S. Geological Survey water-supply papers entitled, \"Surface Water Supply of the United States.\" Through September 30, 1960, these water-supply papers were in an annual series and since then are in a 5-year series. Records of chemical quality, water temperatures, and suspended sediment have been published since 1941 in an annual series of water-supply papers entitled, \"Quality of Surface Waters of the United States.\" More information is given under the headings \"Publications\" on page 21. Records of ground water levels are published in a series of water supply papers entitled, \"Ground-water Levels in the United States\". Through 1955 these were in an annual series but are now in a 5-year series. More information is given under the heading \"Publications\" on page 22.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrWV731","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of West Virginia and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1974, Water resources data for West Virginia, water year 1973: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report WV-73-1, xi, 209 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrWV731.","productDescription":"xi, 209 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":482387,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1973/wv-73-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":184742,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1973/wv-73-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West 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,{"id":45979,"text":"ofr73273 - 1974 - Low-flow characteristics of Kentucky streams - A preliminary report","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":45979,"text":"ofr73273 - 1974 - Low-flow characteristics of Kentucky streams - A preliminary report","indexId":"ofr73273","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Low-flow characteristics of Kentucky streams - A preliminary report"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":48618,"text":"ofr801225 - 1980 - Low-flow characteristics of Kentucky streams, 1980","indexId":"ofr801225","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Low-flow characteristics of Kentucky streams, 1980"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":48618,"text":"ofr801225 - 1980 - Low-flow characteristics of Kentucky streams, 1980","indexId":"ofr801225","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Low-flow characteristics of Kentucky streams, 1980"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-07T18:56:14.953506","indexId":"ofr73273","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-273","title":"Low-flow characteristics of Kentucky streams - A preliminary report","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey has been gathering low-flow data on streams throughout Kentucky for several decades. Much of the data now have been analyzed to determine the frequency of the annual low flow on those streams. Knowledge of the magnitude and frequency of low flow is necessary for planning, managing, and protecting water resources of the Commonwealth. Some specific uses are to analyze potential water-supply capacity, for control of water quality, and for the management of recreation potential.&nbsp;</p><p>This preliminary report presents a low-flow characteristic at each site where defined, and where the flow is not significantly regulated. That characteristic, the 7-day, 10-year low flow, is the one which seems to be most in demand because of its use in water quality planning and control.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr73273","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Commonwealth of Kentucky, University of Kentucky and the Kentucky Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Swisshelm, R., 1974, Low-flow characteristics of Kentucky streams - A preliminary report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-273, 1 Plate: 44.90 x 23.93 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73273.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 44.90 x 23.93 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408105,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0273/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":162255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0273/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Jr.","contributorId":71229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swisshelm","given":"R.V.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":56757,"text":"wdrMS731 - 1974 - Water resources data for Mississippi, water year 1973","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T14:40:47.092271","indexId":"wdrMS731","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MS-73-1","title":"Water resources data for Mississippi, water year 1973","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1973 water year for Mississippi including records of streamflow or reservoir storage at gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sites, and records of water-quality data on the chemical and physical characteristics of surface water, are given in this report. In Part 1, records are included for 79 gaging stations of which 75 are streamflow discharge stations, and 4 are reservoir or lake stations; also are included records for 58 low-flow partial-record stations, 139 crest-stage partial-record stations, and 79 miscellaneous sites. Locations of gaging stations are shown in Figure 1. In Part 2, data on the quality of surface water (chemical and temperature) were collected from designated sampling sites at predetermined intervals such as monthly, or less frequently. Records are given for 70 sampling stations of which 32 are continuous record stations, 26 are partial-record stations, and 12 are miscellaneous sites. Locations of water-quality stations are shown in Figure 1. A few pertinent stations (not included above) furnished by bordering States are also included in this report. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey under the direction of L. E. Carroon, district chief. These data represent that portion of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Mississippi.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMS731","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1974, Water resources data for Mississippi, water year 1973: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MS-73-1, vii, 184 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMS731.","productDescription":"vii, 184 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":493095,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1973/ms-73-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":175275,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1973/ms-73-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f38e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28391,"text":"wri746 - 1974 - Movement and dispersion of soluble materials in Salem Creek, Muddy Creek, and Yadkin River between Winston-Salem and Salisbury, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T09:55:04","indexId":"wri746","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-6","title":"Movement and dispersion of soluble materials in Salem Creek, Muddy Creek, and Yadkin River between Winston-Salem and Salisbury, North Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>Wastes entering the Yadkin River from the Winston-Salem area, particularly during heavy rains, resulted in several major fish kills in the late 1960's and early 1970's. The actions undertaken to solve this problem, included the collection of data on the time of travel and dispersion characteristics of the tributaries draining the Winston-Salem area and of the main stem of the Yadkin below their confluence.</p><p>Fluorescent dye was used to simulate the movement of waterborne wastes under four different flow conditions over a reach of about 41 miles (66 kilometers) beginning at the sewage-treatment plant on Salem Creek and ending on the Yadkin River at High Rock Lake near Salisbury. Total travel time for the entire reach ranges from about 28 hours during periods of high streamflow to about 47 hours during periods of low flow. A soluble substance released as a slug at the sewage-treatment plant disperses longitudinally and laterally as it moves downstream. Longitudinal dispersion, expressed as the time required for a substance released as a slug at the sewage-treatment plant to pass a downstream point, ranges from about 8 hours at the upper end of High Rock Lake during periods of high flow to about 15 hours during periods of low flow. The rate of lateral dispersion also depends on the rate of flow of the Yadkin. During high-flow conditions wastes entering the Yadkin from Winston-Salem disperse across the river in a few miles. Under low-flow conditions lateral dispersion is still incomplete more than 10 miles (16 kilometers) downstream.</p><p>Longitudinal dispersion casues the maximum concentrations resulting from slug injections to decrease significantly as the traveltime increases. A relation is presented so the maximum concentration can be estimated at any location downstream from a point of injection at flow rates between about 80 and 500 cubic feet per second (2 and 14 cubic meters per second) at the Muddy Creek gaging station and between about 1,500 and 10,000 cubic feet per second (42 and 280 cubic meters per second) at the Yadkin College gaging station.</p><p>Water entering the Yadkin River from Muddy Creek during low-flow periods does not completely disperse laterally for more than 10 miles (16 kilometers) below the confluence, but, when the Yadkin River discharge is above 5,000 cubic feet per second (140 cubic meters per second), lateral mixing is complete within a few miles below the confluence.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri746","usgsCitation":"Lindskov, K., 1974, Movement and dispersion of soluble materials in Salem Creek, Muddy Creek, and Yadkin River between Winston-Salem and Salisbury, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 74-6, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri746.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359496,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1974/0006/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1974/0006/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","city":"Salisburg, Winston-Salem","otherGeospatial":"Muddy Creek, Salem Creek, Yadkin River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.1667,\n              35.70693497582502\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.1667,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.5,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.5,\n              35.70693497582502\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.1667,\n              35.70693497582502\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4802","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindskov, K.L.","contributorId":91077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindskov","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2673,"text":"wsp2031 - 1974 - Influence of recharge basins on the hydrology of Nassau and Suffolk Counties, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"wsp2031","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2031","title":"Influence of recharge basins on the hydrology of Nassau and Suffolk Counties, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"An investigation of recharge basins on Long Island was made by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Nassau County Department of Public Works, Suffolk County Department of Environmental Control, and Suffolk County Water Authority. The major objectives of the study were to (1) catalog basic physical data on the recharge basins in use on Long Island, (2) measure quality and quantity of precipitation and inflow, (3) measure infiltration rates at selected recharge basins, and (4) evaluate regional effects of recharge basins on the hydrologic system of Long Island. The area of study consists of Nassau and Suffolk Counties -- about 1,370 square miles -- in eastern Long Island, N.Y. \r\n\r\nRecharge basins, numbering more than 2,100 on Long Island in 1969, are open pits in moderately to highly permeable sand and gravel deposits. These pits are used to dispose of storm runoff from residential, industrial, and commercial areas, and from highways, by infiltration of the water through the bottom and sides of the basins. \r\n\r\nThe hydrology of three recharge basins on Long Island -- Westbury, Syosset, and Deer Park basins -- was studied. The precipitation-inflow relation showed that the average percentages of precipitation flowing into each basin were roughly equivalent to the average percentages of impervious areas in the total drainage areas of the basins. Average percentages of precipitation flowing into the basins as direct runoff were 12 percent at the Westbury basin, 10 percent at the Syosset basin, and 7 percent at the Deer Park basin. Numerous open-bottomed storm-water catch basins at Syosset and Deer Park reduced the proportion of inflow to those basins, as compared with the Westbury basin, which has only a few open-bottomed catch basins. \r\n\r\nInflow hydrographs for each basin typify the usual urban runoff hydrograph -- steeply rising and falling limbs, sharp peaks, and short time bases. Unit hydrographs for the Westbury and the Syosset basins are not expected to change; however, the unit hydrograph for the Deer Park basin is expected to broaden somewhat as a result of additional future house construction within the drainage area. \r\n\r\nInfiltration rates averaged 0.9 fph (feet per hour) for 63 storms between July 1967 and May 1970 at the Westbury recharge basin, 0.8 fph for 22 storms from July 1969 to September 1970 at the Syosset recharge basin, and 0.2 fph for 24 storms from March to September 1970 at the Deer Park recharge basin. Low infiltration rates at Deer Park resulted mainly from (1) a high percentage of eroded silt, clay, and organic debris washed in from construction sites in the drainage area, which partly filled the interstices of the natural deposits, and (2) a lack of a well-developed plant-root system on the floor of the younger basin, which would have kept the soil zone more permeable. \r\n\r\nThe apparent rate of movement of storm water through the unsaturated zone below each basin averaged 5.5 fph at Westbury, 3.7 fph at Syosset, and 3.1 fph at Deer Park. The rates of movement for storms during the warm months (April through October) were slightly higher than average, probably because the recharging water was warmer than it was during the rest of the year, and therefore, was slightly less viscous.\r\n\r\nOn the average, a 1-inch rainfall resulted in a peak rise of the water table directly below each basin of 0.5 foot; a 2-inch rainfall resulted in a peak rise of about 2 feet. The mound commonly dissipated within 1 to 4 days at Westbury, 7 days to more than 15 days at Syosset, and 1 to 3 days at Deer Park, depending on the magnitude of the peak buildup. \r\n\r\nAverage annual ground-water recharge was estimated to be 6.4 acre-feet at the Westbury recharge basin, 10.3 acre-feet at the Syosset recharge basin, and 29.6 acre-feet at the Deer Park recharge basin. \r\n\r\nChemical composition of precipitation at Westbury, Syosset, and Deer Park drainage areas was similar: ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2031","usgsCitation":"Seaburn, G., and Aronson, D.A., 1974, Influence of recharge basins on the hydrology of Nassau and Suffolk Counties, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2031, vi, 66 p. :ill. (1 fold. in pocket) ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2031.","productDescription":"vi, 66 p. :ill. (1 fold. in pocket) ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2031/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":247234,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2031/plate-1.pdf","size":"1142","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29023,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2031/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5ede49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seaburn, G.E.","contributorId":42193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seaburn","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aronson, D. A.","contributorId":20308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aronson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":13985,"text":"ofr74368 - 1974 - Hydrologic data of the Hoosic River basin, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-22T23:14:17.310651","indexId":"ofr74368","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-368","title":"Hydrologic data of the Hoosic River basin, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"<p>The Hoosic River has its headwaters in northwestern Massachusetts and southern Vermont and flows northwestward through southern Vermont into New York, where it is tributary to the Hudson River. Upstream from the Massachusetts State line the Hoosic River drains a total of 205 mi<sup>2</sup> (531 km<sup>2</sup>) of which 164 mi<sup>2</sup> (425 km<sup>2</sup>) are in Massachusetts, 29 mi<sup>2</sup> (101 km<sup>2</sup>) are in Vermont, and 2 mi<sup>2</sup> (5 km<sup>2</sup>) are in New York. This report contains hydrologic data for that part inside Massachusetts and includes all, or parts of, the towns of Adams, Cheshire, Clarksburg, Dalton, Florida, Hancock, Lanesborough, New Ashford, North Adams, Savoy, Williamstown, and Windsor.</p><p>The data tabulated here were collected during an investigation of the water resources of the Hoosic River basin in Massachusetts by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Massachusetts Water Resources Commission. This report is released to make available to the public basic hydrologic and related information that will facilitate the planning of water-resources development and complements an interpretive report of the area (Hansen and others, 1973).</p><p>Data presented include selected information on wells, test borings, springs, seismic surveys, streamflow records, chemical analyses of surface and ground water and of rainfall, and suspended-sediment concentrations of surface water. (See Plate 1 for locations of all hydrologic-data collection sites.)</p><p>The authors wish to acknowledge the public officials, consulting firms, industrial concerns, well drillers, and individual homeowners who have given their time and information to this study.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr74368","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Water Resources Commission","usgsCitation":"Hansen, B.P., Gay, F.B., and Toler, L., 1974, Hydrologic data of the Hoosic River basin, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-368, Report: 33 p.; 1 Plate: 27.53 x 21.03 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74368.","productDescription":"Report: 33 p.; 1 Plate: 27.53 x 21.03 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":431328,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0368/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431327,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0368/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148218,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0368/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Hoosic River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.29894453570657,\n              42.8800886208854\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.29894453570657,\n              42.40327840740747\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.34313398883154,\n              42.40327840740747\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.34313398883154,\n              42.8800886208854\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.29894453570657,\n              42.8800886208854\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db60786f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Bruce P.","contributorId":90727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gay, Frederick B.","contributorId":102052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gay","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Toler, L.G.","contributorId":98710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toler","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":25926,"text":"wri7414 - 1974 - Water quality and streamflow characteristics, Raritan River Basin, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-11T17:16:26","indexId":"wri7414","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"14-74","title":"Water quality and streamflow characteristics, Raritan River Basin, New Jersey","docAbstract":"The findings of a problem-oriented river-system investigation of the stream-quality and streamflow characteristics of the Raritan River basin (1,105 square miles or 2,862 square kilometers drainage area) are described. The investigation covers mainly the period 1955-72.\r\n<p>Precipitation in the basin is classified as ample and averages 47 inches or 120 centimeters per year (3-5 inches or 8-12 centimeters per month). During the study period four general precipitation trends were noted: less than normalin 1955-61 and 1966-70; extreme drought in 1962-66; and above normal in 1971-72.</p>\r\n<p>Analyses of streamflow measurements at eight gaging stations indicate a general trend toward lower flows during the study period, which is attributed to generally lower than normal precipitation. Highest flows were observed in 1958, concurrent with maximum annual precipitation; whereas lowest flows were observed in 1965 during extreme drought conditions.</p>\r\n<p>Non-tidal streams in the basin are grouped into three general regions of similar chemical quality based upon predominant constituents and dissolved-solids concentration during low-flow conditions. The predominant cations in solution in all regions are calcium and magnesium (usually exceeding 60 percent of total cation content). In headwater streams of the North and South Branch Raritan Rivers, bicarbonate is the predominant anion; a combination of sulfate, chloride, and nitrate are the predominant anions in the other two regions. The dissolved-solids concentration of streams in areas little influenced by man's activities generally range from 40 to 200 mg/L. Those in areas influenced by man often range much higher sometimes exceeding 800 mg/L. Suspended-sediment yields in the basin range from 25 to 500 tons per square mile annually.</p>\r\n<p>The water quality of the Raritan River and most tributaries above Manville (784 square miles of 2,030 square kilometers drainage area) generally is good for most industrial, domestic, and recreational uses, although pollution has been reported locally in some areas. A comparison of chemical analyses of water collected at several sampling sites in the 1920's with more recent data, however, indicate that there has been a significant increase in sulfate, chloride, and nitrate ions transported per unit of streamflow. These increases reflect increased waste-water discharges and nutrients in agricultural runoff in the upper basin.</p>\r\n<p>Trends in the dissolved-solids and dissolved-oxygen concentation of water in the Raritan and MIllstone Rivers above their confluence at Manville are described. The dissolved solids of the Millstone River are shown to increase, particularly at low streamflows. For example, at a flow of 100 cubic feet per second (2.83 cubic meters per second) this river tansported 13 percent more dissolved solids in 1969-70 than it did in 1957-58. A similar trend, however, was not apparent on the Raritan River. This phenomenon is attributed to dilution provided since 1964 by upstream reservoir releases during low flows.</p>\r\n<p>With the exception of low-flow periods on the Raritan River, dissolved-oxygen concentrations showed little or no significant time trends at Manville on either the Raritan or Millstone River. An improvement in dissolved-oxygen content at flows lower than 100 cubic feet per second (2.83 cubic meters per second) is observed with time on the Raritan River. This improvement is attributed to generally better quality water and dilution of nonconservative pollutants by upstream reservoir releases during low flows.</p>\r\n<p>The Raritan River between Manville and Perth Amboy flows through a large urban and industrial complex. Much of this reach is tidal. Detrimental activities of man are reflected in higher concentrations of most constituents below Manville than those observed upstream. For example, between Manville and the head of tide near South Bound Brook, the maximum concentration of dissolved solids observed during the study period increased from 464 to 1,520 mg/L; orthophosphates from 0.93 to 2.3 mg/L; phenolic materials from 22 to 312 &mu;g/L; and coliform bacteria from 13,300 to 100,000 colonies per 100 milliliters. A general deterioration in water quality with time in the river below Manville is demonstrated through comparisons of dissolved-oxygen and biochemical-oxygen demand data collected between the late 1920's and early 1970's.</p>\r\n<p>Several time-of-travel measurements within the basin are reported. These data provide reasonable estimates of the time required for soluble contaminants to pass through particular parts of the river system. For example, the peak concentration of a contaminant injected into the river system at Clinton at a flow of 100 cubic feet per second (2.83 cubic meters per second) would be expected to travel to the head of tide near South Bound Brook, about 34 miles (55 kilometers), in about 70 hours; but at a flow of 50 cubic feet per second (1.42 cubic meters per second) the traveltime would increase to about 125 hours.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Trenton, NJ","doi":"10.3133/wri7414","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of New Jersey, Department of Environmental Protection.  Originally produced by the USGS New Jersey Water Resources Division.","usgsCitation":"Anderson, P.W., and Faust, S.D., 1974, Water quality and streamflow characteristics, Raritan River Basin, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 14-74, vi, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7414.","productDescription":"vi, 82 p.","numberOfPages":"90","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_14_74.gif"},{"id":261813,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1974/0014/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261814,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1974/0014/pdf/wrir14-74.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Raritan River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.11666666666666,40.166666666666664 ], [ -75.11666666666666,40.96666666666667 ], [ -74.16666666666667,40.96666666666667 ], [ -74.16666666666667,40.166666666666664 ], [ -75.11666666666666,40.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9b4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Peter W.","contributorId":10400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faust, Samuel Denton","contributorId":70367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faust","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"Denton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26129,"text":"wri7435 - 1974 - A method for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods in South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T12:50:35","indexId":"wri7435","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-35","title":"A method for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods in South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>A general flood-frequency analysis has provided a method for estimating flood magnitudes and frequencies on South Dakota streams. Related flood data useful in planning and design also are included in the report.</p><p>Two distinct hydrologic regions are delineated within the State. The divisional boundary for these regions is, in general, the western divide of the James River basin. For each region, the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year floods are related to basin and climatic characteristics by regression equations. Indices based on contributing drainage area size, elevation, and mean annual precipitation were found to be the most useful variables in estimation of South Dakota floods. Regional relationships based on these variables can be used to estimate floods of selected frequency at most ungaged sites where peak flows are not significantly affected by regulation or other manmade works. Equations and graphs presented are applicable to drainage basins with areas approximately from<br>0.1 to 4,000 square miles (0.3 to 10,400 square kilometres) in the Eastern Region and from 0.1 to 9,000 square miles (0.3 to 23,300 square kilometres) in the Western Region. Limitations on use of these equations are given and the accuracy of resulting estimates is discussed.</p><p>Flood characteristics are tabulated for 130 gaging stations having 10 or more years of record. These frequency data may provide the best estimates of floods at these gaged sites. Also, maximum flood peaks determined at 188 gaging stations and 52 miscellaneous sites are compared with regional flood relationships.</p><p>Individual relationships are presented for the main-stem portions of selected streams where significant regulation is a factor or where drainage areas exceed the limits of applicability of the regional relationships.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7435","usgsCitation":"Becker, L.D., 1974, A method for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods in South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 74-35, iv, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7435.","productDescription":"iv, 78 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358952,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1974/0035/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1974/0035/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South 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,{"id":70047244,"text":"70047244 - 1973 - A progress report on results of test drilling and ground-water investigations of the Snake Plain aquifer, southeastern Idaho: Part 1: Mud Lake Region, 1969-70 and Part 2: Observation Wells South of Arco and West of Aberdeen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T10:37:43","indexId":"70047244","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T10:25:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":301,"text":"Water Information Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"32","title":"A progress report on results of test drilling and ground-water investigations of the Snake Plain aquifer, southeastern Idaho: Part 1: Mud Lake Region, 1969-70 and Part 2: Observation Wells South of Arco and West of Aberdeen","docAbstract":"The results of drilling test holes to depths of approximately 1,000 feet in the Mud Lake region show that a large part of the region is underlain by both sedimentary deposits and basalt flows. At some locations, predominantly sedimentary deposits were penetrated; at others, basalt flows predominated. The so-called Mud Lake-Market Lake barrier denotes a change in geology. From the vicinity of the barrier area, as described by Stearns, Crandall, and Steward (1938, p. 111), up the water-table gradient for at least a few tens of miles, the saturated geologic section consists predominantly of beds of sediments that are intercalated with numerous basalt flows. Downgradient from the barrier, sedimentary deposits are not common and practically all the water-bearing formations are basalt, at least to the depths explored so far. Thus, the barrier is a transition zone from a sedimentary-basaltic sequence to a basaltic sequence. The sedimentary-basaltic sequence forms a complex hydrologic system in which water occurs under water-table conditions in the upper few tens of feet of saturated material and under artesian conditions in the deeper material in the southwest part of the region. The well data indicate that southwest of the barrier, artesian pressures are not significant. Southwest of the barrier, few sedimentary deposits occur in the basalt section and, as described by Mundorff, Crosthwaite, and Kilburn (1964). ground water occurs in a manner typical of the Snake Plain aquifer. In several wells, artesian pressures are higher in the deeper formations than in the shallower ones, but the reverse was found in a few wells. The available data are not adequate to describe the water-bearing characteristics of the artesian aquifer nor the effects that pumping in one zone would have on adjacent zones. The water-table aquifer yields large quantities of water to irrigation wells.","language":"English","publisher":"Idaho Department of Water Administration","publisherLocation":"Boise City, ID","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with Idaho Department of Water Administration","usgsCitation":"Crosthwaite, E., 1973, A progress report on results of test drilling and ground-water investigations of the Snake Plain aquifer, southeastern Idaho: Part 1: Mud Lake Region, 1969-70 and Part 2: Observation Wells South of Arco and West of Aberdeen: Water Information Bulletin 32, vii, 60 p.; Figures.","productDescription":"vii, 60 p.; Figures","numberOfPages":"73","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":275431,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70047244.png"},{"id":275430,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.idwr.idaho.gov/WaterInformation/Publications/wib/wib32-mud_lake_arco_aberdeen.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Snake Plain Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.0,42.0 ], [ -117.0,45.0 ], [ -111.0,45.0 ], [ -111.0,42.0 ], [ -117.0,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f39a62e4b0a32220222f52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crosthwaite, E. G.","contributorId":83098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crosthwaite","given":"E. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042557,"text":"70042557 - 1973 - Volcanic studies: Part E: Eratosthenian volcanism in Mare Imbrium: source of youngest lava flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-11T14:25:56","indexId":"70042557","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"330","title":"Volcanic studies: Part E: Eratosthenian volcanism in Mare Imbrium: source of youngest lava flows","docAbstract":"Orbital photographs taken at low-Sun illumination during both the Apollo 15 (ref. 30-14) and Apollo 17 missions have provided excellent data on the lava flows in the southwestern Mare Imbrium. These photographs have been used recently to present a detailed photogeologic evaluation of these flows and their role in mare volcanism of Eratosthenian age in the basin (ref. 30-15). Eruption of these flood basalts apparently took place in at least three major episodes with suggested dates of 3.0 &plusmn; 0.4 billion years (phase I), 2.7 &plusmn; 0.3 billion years (phase II), and 2.5 &plusmn; 0.3 billion years (phase III) using the mare age-dating method described by Soderblom and Lebofsky (ref. 30-16) and recent data by Soderblom and Boyce (ref. 30-17).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Apollo 17 preliminary science report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Schaber, G.G., 1973, Volcanic studies: Part E: Eratosthenian volcanism in Mare Imbrium: source of youngest lava flows, chap. <i>of</i> Apollo 17 preliminary science report, p. 30-17-30-25.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"30-17","endPage":"30-25","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265569,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a17/a17psr.html"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f1428be4b0c982afefa8db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaber, Gerald G.","contributorId":12511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaber","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30114,"text":"wri737 - 1973 - Magnitude and frequency of floods in small drainage basins in Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T09:53:15","indexId":"wri737","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-7","title":"Magnitude and frequency of floods in small drainage basins in Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>A method is presented in this report for determining magnitude and frequency of floods on streams with drainage areas between 0.5 and 200 square miles. The method relates basin characteristics, including drainage area, percentage of forest cover, percentage of water area, latitude, and longitude, with peak flow characteristics. </p><p>Regression equations for each of eight regions are presented for determination of QIQ/ the peak discharge, which, on the average, will be exceeded once in 10 years. Peak flows, Q25 and Q 50 , can then be estimated from Q25/Q10 and Q-50/Q-10 ratios developed for each region. Nomographs are included which solve the equations for basins between 1 and 50 square miles. </p><p>The regional regression equations were developed using multiple regression techniques. Annual peaks for 303 sites were analyzed in the study. These included all records on unregulated streams with drainage areas less than about 500 square miles with 10 years or more of record or which could readily be extended to 10 years on the basis of nearby streams. The log-Pearson Type III method as modified and a digital computer were employed to estimate magnitude and frequency of floods for each of the 303 gaged sites. A large number of physical and climatic basin characteristics were determined for each of the gaged sites. The multiple regression method was then applied to determine the equations relating the floodflows and the most significant basin characteristics. For convenience of the users, several equations were simplified and some complex characteristics were deleted at the sacrifice of some increase in the standard error. Standard errors of estimate and many other statistical data were computed in the analysis process and are available in the Boise district office files. The analysis showed that QIQ was the best defined and most practical index flood for determination of the Q25 and 0,50 flood estimates.</p><p>Regression equations are not developed because of poor definition for areas which total about 20,000 square miles, most of which are in southern Idaho. These areas are described in the report to prevent use of regression equations where they do not apply. They include urbanized areas, streams affected by regulation or diversion by works of man, unforested areas, streams with gaining or losing reaches, streams draining alluvial valleys and the Snake Plain, intense thunderstorm areas, and scattered areas where records indicate recurring floods which depart from the regional equations. Maximum flows of record and basin locations are summarized in tables and maps. </p><p>The analysis indicates deficiencies in data exist. To improve knowledge regarding flood characteristics in poorly defined areas, the following data-collection programs are recommended. Gages should be operated on a few selected small streams for an extended period to define floods at long recurrence intervals. Crest-stage gages should be operated in representative basins in urbanized areas, newly developed irrigated areas and grasslands, and in unforested areas. Unusual floods should continue to be measured at miscellaneous sites on regulated streams and in intense thunderstorm-prone areas. The relationship between channel geometry and floodflow characteristics should be investigated as an alternative or supplement to operation of gaging stations. Documentation of historic flood data from newspapers and other sources would improve the basic flood-data base. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri737","usgsCitation":"Thomas, C., Harenberg, W., and Anderson, J., 1973, Magnitude and frequency of floods in small drainage basins in Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 73-7, Report: iv, 61 p.; 3 Plates: 22.54 x 31.64 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri737.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 61 p.; 3 Plates: 22.54 x 31.64 inches or 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A.","contributorId":78743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harenberg","given":"W. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, J.M.","contributorId":49830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":48104,"text":"ofr733 - 1973 - Roughness coefficients for stream channels in Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-19T15:06:07","indexId":"ofr733","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-3","title":"Roughness coefficients for stream channels in Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>When water flows in an open channel, energy is lost through friction along the banks and bed of the channel and through turbulence within the channel. The amount of energy lost is governed by channel roughness, which is expressed in terms of a roughness coefficient. An evaluation of the roughness coefficient is necessary in many hydraulic computations that involve flow in an open channel. Owing to the lack of satisfactory quantitative procedure, the ability of evaluate roughness coefficients can be developed only through experience; however, a basic knowledge of the methods used to assign the coefficients and the factors affecting them will be a great help.</p> \n<br>\n<p>One of the most commonly used equations in open-channel hydraulics is that of Manning. The Manning equation is</p>\n<br>\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.486</p>\n<p>V=_____R<sup>2/3</sup>S<sub>e</sub><sup>1/2</sup>,</p>\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;n</p>\n<br>\n<p>in which</p>\n<br>\n<p>V = mean cross-sectional velocity of flow, in feet per second;</p>\n<br>\n<p>R = hydraulic radius at a cross section, which is the cross-sectional area divided by the wetter perimeter, in feet;</p>\n<br>\n<p>S<sub>e</sub> = energy slope; and</p>\n<br>\n<p>n = coefficient of roughness.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Many research studies have been made to determine \"n\" values for open-channel flow (Carter and others, 1963). Guidelines for selecting coefficient of roughness for stream channels are given in most of the literature of stream-channel hydraulics, but few of the data relate directly to streams of Arizona, The U.S> Geological Survey, at the request of the Arizona Highway Department, assembled the color photographs and tables of the Manning \"n\" values in this report to aid highway engineers in the selection of roughness coefficients for Arizona streams. Most of the photographs show channel reaches for which values of \"n\" have been assigned by experienced Survey personnel; a few photographs are included for reaches where \"n\" values have been verified. Verified \"n\" values are computed from a known discharge and measured channel geometry. Selected photographs of stream channels for which \"n\" values have been verified are included in U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1849 (Barnes, 1967); stereoscopic slides of Barnes' (1967) photographs and additional photographs can be inspected at U.S> Geological Survey offices in: 2555 E. First Street, Tucson; and 5017 Federal Building, 230 N. First Avenue, Phoenix.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/ofr733","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Highway Department","usgsCitation":"Aldridge, B.N., and Garrett, J., 1973, Roughness coefficients for stream channels in Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-3, iv, 87 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr733.","productDescription":"iv, 87 p.","numberOfPages":"93","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0003/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":84840,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.8166,31.3322 ], [ -114.8166,37.0043 ], [ -109.0452,37.0043 ], [ -109.0452,31.3322 ], [ -114.8166,31.3322 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe2a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aldridge, B. N.","contributorId":73179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"B.","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrett, J.M.","contributorId":94703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1374,"text":"wsp2018 - 1973 - Ground water in the Eugene-Springfield area, southern Willamette Valley, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T22:20:04.25945","indexId":"wsp2018","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018","title":"Ground water in the Eugene-Springfield area, southern Willamette Valley, Oregon","docAbstract":"The cities of Eugene and Springfield and their outlying suburban and rural districts constitute an area of rapid population growth where progressively greater volumes of ground water are being required for irrigation and industrial and public supplies. The area is also one of diverse geologic and hydrologic conditions. \r\n\r\nAs used in this report, the Eugene-Springfield area covers about 450 square miles and includes a part of the lower foothills of the Coast and Cascade Ranges and a strip of the main valley plain of the southern Willamette Valley. Volcanic and sedimentary rock units exposed in the foothills range in age from Eocene to Miocene. In the main valley plain the older units are overlain by Pleistocene and Holocene alluvial deposits. Marine-deposited sandstone, siltstone, shale, and mudstone of the older sedimentary units are fine grained and poorly permeable and yield water slowly to wells. The volcanic rocks, primarily of dacitic and andesitic composition, yield small quantities of water that are generally adequate only for domestic use. The alluvial deposits (sand and gravel) of the valley plain (central lowland) contain the most productive aquifers in the area and are considered to be the only ground-water reservoir for which large-scale development of ground-water supplies is feasible. \r\n\r\nAquifers in the area are recharged principally by direct infiltration of precipitation. Most of the precipitation, which averages about 4C inches per year, occurs during late autumn and winter. Minimum recharge by infiltration of precipitation to the alluvial aquifers beneath the valley plain is estimated to be about 100,000 acre-feet. Ground water is discharged naturally from the central lowland by seepage and spring flow to small streams, by subsurface outflow to adjacent areas, and by evapotranspiration. \r\n\r\nStorage capacity of the central lowland in the Eugene-Springfield area is estimated to be about 2.1 million acre-feet in the zone 10-150 feet below land surface. The quantity of ground water available annually from this area is far greater than the 23,000 acre-feet pumped for all uses in 1968. This pumpage was about 23 percent of the perennial yield (100,000 acre-ft), and about 77,000 acre-feet of water was left available for additional withdrawal. If annual withdrawals of water were increased to 100,000 acre-feet per year, the levels in the ground-water reservoir would be lowered. Once new equilibriums are established, increased withdrawals could be accommodated without progressive losses in aquifer storage or excessive losses in flow of the larger streams. \r\n\r\nGround water from the alluvial deposits of the valley plain is chemically suitable for irrigation and other uses, as is most of the water obtained from perched-water bodies in the sedimentary and volcanic rocks. However, the mineral content of water from the older sedimentary rocks, particularly from deeper producing zones, is greater than the mineral content of water from the alluvial deposits. Locally, some of the water from the older rocks is too saline for most uses. \r\n\r\nIncreased use of ground water may result in certain problems pertaining to waste-disposal practices, local overdraft of aquifers, well interference, and well construction. Present data are adequate to evaluate some of the factors relating to foreseeable problems but allow only tentative conclusions to be drawn about other factors, which include local direction of flow, rate of ground-water movement, and areas of possible ground-water contamination. Additional information obtained through systematic study will be needed to deal with these problems.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2018","usgsCitation":"Frank, F.J., 1973, Ground water in the Eugene-Springfield area, southern Willamette Valley, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2018, Report: v, 65 p.; 3 Plates: 28.00 x 40.64 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2018.","productDescription":"Report: v, 65 p.; 3 Plates: 28.00 x 40.64 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":26471,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2018/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26470,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2018/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26472,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2018/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137291,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2018/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":413983,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25502.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":26469,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2018/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Eugene-Springfield area, southern Willamette Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.384,\n              44.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.384,\n              44\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.871,\n              44\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.871,\n              44.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.384,\n              44.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d9ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frank, F. J.","contributorId":95037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":56460,"text":"wdrGA721 - 1973 - Water resources data for Georgia, water year 1972","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T21:06:46.876155","indexId":"wdrGA721","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"GA-72-1","title":"Water resources data for Georgia, water year 1972","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1972 water year for Georgia include records of streamflow or reservoir storage at gaging stations, partial-record stations, and records of water-quality data on the chemical and physical characteristics of surface-water as well as records for a few pertinent gaging and water-quality stations in bordering States. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey under the direction of John R. George, district chief. These data represent the Georgia portion of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies.</p><p>Through September 30, 1960, the records of discharge and stage of streams and contents and stage of lakes or reservoirs were published in an annual series of U.S. Geological Survey water-supply papers entitled, \"Surface Water Supply of the United States.\"</p><p>Beginning with the 1961 water year, streamflow records and related data have been released by the Geological Survey in annual reports by State. Distribution of these reports is limited; they are designed primarily for rapid release of data shortly after the end of the water year to meet local needs. The streamflow records for 1961-65 are published in the Geological Survey water-supply paper series entitled, \"Surface Water Supply of the United States, 1961-65\", and those for 1966-70 will be published in a similar series.</p><p>The Geological Survey has published records of chemical quality, suspended sediment, and water temperatures since 1941 in an annual series of water-supply papers entitled, \"Quality of Surface Waters of the United States.\" Beginning with the 1964 water year, water-quality records also have been released by State in conjunction with stream-flow records or in a separate volume.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrGA721","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Georgia and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1973, Water resources data for Georgia, water year 1972: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report GA-72-1, vii, 239 p., 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,{"id":1750,"text":"wsp1940 - 1973 - Effects of coal mining on the water resources of the Tradewater River Basin, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:15","indexId":"wsp1940","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1940","title":"Effects of coal mining on the water resources of the Tradewater River Basin, Kentucky","docAbstract":"The effects of coal-mine drainage on the water resources of the Tradewater River basin, in the Western Coal Field region of Kentucky, were evaluated (1) by synthesis and interpretation of 16 years of daily conductance data. 465 chemical analyses covering an 18-year period, 28 years of daily discharge data, and 14 years of daily suspended-sediment data from the Tradewater River at Olney and (2) by collection, synthesis, and interpretation of chemical and physical water-quality data and water-quantity data collected over a 2-year period from mined and nonmined sites in the basin. \r\n\r\nMaximum observed values of 13 chemical and physical water-quality parameters were three to 300 times greater in the discharge from mined subbasins than in the discharge from nonmined subbasins. Potassium, chloride, and nitrate concentrations were not significantly different between mined and nonmined areas. \r\n\r\nMean sulfate loads carried by the Tradewater River at Olney were about 75 percent greater for the period 1955-67 than for the period 1952-54. Suspended-sediment loads at Olney for the November-April storm-runoff periods generally vary in response to strip-mine coal production in the basin above Olney. Streamflow is maintained during extended dry periods in mined subbasins after streams in nonmined subbasins have ceased flowing. \r\n\r\nSome possible methods of reducing the effects of mine drainage on the streams are considered in view of a geochemical model proposed by Ivan Barnes and F. E. Clarke. Use of low-flow-augmenting reservoirs and crushed limestone in streambeds in nonmined areas seems to be the most promising method for alleviating effects of mine drainage at the present time. Other aspects of the water resources such as variability of water quantity and water quality in the basin are discussed briefly.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1940","usgsCitation":"Grubb, H.F., and Ryder, P.D., 1973, Effects of coal mining on the water resources of the Tradewater River Basin, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1940, v, 83 p. :illus. (2 fold. maps in pocket) ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1940.","productDescription":"v, 83 p. :illus. (2 fold. maps in pocket) ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110055,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25168.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25168"},{"id":137122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1940/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26855,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1940/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26856,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1940/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26857,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1940/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c19b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grubb, Hayes F.","contributorId":91079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grubb","given":"Hayes","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryder, Paul D.","contributorId":60188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":48035,"text":"ofr72163 - 1973 - Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Puget Sound region, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:20","indexId":"ofr72163","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-163","title":"Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Puget Sound region, Washington","docAbstract":"Periods of low streamflow are usually the most critical factor in relation to most water uses. The purpose of this report is to present data on low-flow characteristics of streams in the Puget Sound region, Washington, and to briefly explain some of the factors that influence low flow in the various basins. \r\n\r\nPresented are data on low-flow frequencies of streams in the Puget Sound region, as gathered at 150 gaging stations. Four indexes were computed from the flow-flow-frequency curves and were used as a basis to compare the low-flow characteristics of the streams. The indexes are the (1) low-flow-yield index, expressed in unit runoff per square mile; (2) base-flow index, or the ratio of the median 7-day low flow to the average discharge; (3) slope index, or slope of annual 7-day low-flow-frequency curve; and (4) spacing index, or spread between the 7-day and 183-day low-flow-frequency curves. The indexes showed a wide variation between streams due to the complex interrelation between climate, topography, and geology. \r\n\r\nThe largest low-flow-yield indexes determined--greater than 1.5 cfs (cubic feet per second) per square mile--were for streams that head at high altitudes in the Cascade and Olympic Mountains and have their sources at glaciers. The smallest low-flow-yield indexes--less than 0.5 cfs per square mile--were for the small streams that drain the lowlands adjacent to Puget Sound. Indexes between the two extremes were for nonglacial streams that head at fairly high altitudes in areas of abundant precipitation. \r\n\r\nThe base-flow index has variations that can be attributed to a basin's hydrogeology, with very little influence from climate. The largest base-flow indexes were obtained for streams draining permeable unconsolidated glacial and alluvial sediments in parts of the lowlands adjacent to Puget Sound. Large volume of ground water in these materials sustain flows during late summer. The smallest indexes were computed for streams draining areas underlain by relatively impermeable igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks or by relatively impermeable glacial till. Melt water from snow and ice influences the index for streams which originate at glaciers, and result in fairly large indexes--0.25 or greater. \r\n\r\nThe slope index is influenced principally by the character of the geologic materials that underlie the basin. The largest slope indexes were computed for small streams that drain areas underlain by compact glacial till or consolidated sedimentary rocks. In contrast, lowland streams that flow through areas underlain by unconsolidated alluvia and glacial deposits have the smallest indexes. Small slope indexes also are characteristic of glacial streams and show the moderating effect of the snow and ice storage in the high mountain basins. \r\n\r\nThe spacing indexes are similar to the slope indexes in that they are affected by the character of the geologic materials underlying a basin. The largest spacing indexes are characteristic of small streams whose basins are underlain by glacial till or by consolidated sedimentary rocks. The smallest indexes were computed for some lowland streams draining areas underlain by permeable glacial and alluvial sediments. \r\n\r\nThe indexes do not appear to have a definite relation to each other. The low-flow-yield indexes are not related to either the slope or spacing indexes because snow and ice storage has a great influence on the low-flow-yield index, while the character of the geologic materials influences the slope and spacing indexes. A relation exists between the slope and spacing indexes but many anomalies occur that cannot be explained by the geology of the basins.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr72163","usgsCitation":"Hidaka, F., 1973, Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Puget Sound region, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-163, 162 p. ill., maps (1 col.) ; 27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72163.","productDescription":"162 p. ill., maps (1 col.) ; 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0163/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":84804,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0163/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84805,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0163/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6486e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hidaka, F.T.","contributorId":48542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hidaka","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":946,"text":"wsp2026 - 1973 - Characteristics of water quality and streamflow, Passaic River basin above Little Falls, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp2026","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026","title":"Characteristics of water quality and streamflow, Passaic River basin above Little Falls, New Jersey","docAbstract":"The findings of a problem-oriented river-system investigation of the water-quality and streamflow characteristics of the Passaic River above Little Falls, N.J. (drainage area 762 sq mi) are described. Information on streamflow duration, time-of-travel measurements, and analyses of chemical, biochemical, and physical water quality are summarized. This information is used to define relations between water quality, streamflow, geology, and environmental development in the basin's hydrologic system. The existence, nature, and magnitude of long-term trends in stream quality--as measured by dissolved solids, chloride, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia, nitrate, and turbidity--and in streamflow toward either improvement or deterioration are appraised at selected sites within the river system. \r\n\r\nThe quality of streams in the upper Passaic River basin in northeastern New Jersey is shown to be deteriorating with time. For example, biochemical oxygen demand, an indirect measure of organic matter in a stream, is increasing at most stream-quality sampling sites. Similarly, the dissolved-solids content, a measure of inorganic matter, also is increasing. These observations suggest that the Passaic River system is being used more and more as a medium for the disposal of industrial and municipal waste waters. \r\n\r\nDissolved oxygen, an essential ingredient for the natural purification of streams receiving waste discharges, is undersaturated (that is, below theoretical solubility levels) at all sampling sites and is decreasing with time at most sites. This is another indication of the general deterioration of stream quality in the upper basin. It also indicates that the ability of the river system to receive, transport, and assimilate wastes, although exceeded now only for short periods during the summer months, may be exceeded more continually in the future if present trends hold. \r\n\r\nDecreasing ratios of ammonia to nitrate in a downstream direction on the main stem Passaic River suggests that nitrification (the biochemical conversion of ammonia to nitrate) as well as microbiological decomposition of organic matter (waste waters) is contributing to the continued and increasing undersaturation of dissolved oxygen in the river system. \r\n\r\nPassaic River streams are grouped into five general regions of isochemical quality on the basis of predominant constituents and dissolved-solids content during low flows. The predominant cations in all but one region are calcium and magnesium (exceeding 50 percent of total cations) ; in that region, where man's activities probably have altered the natural stream waters, the percentage of sodium and potassium equals that of calcium and magnesium. In two of the five regions, the predominant anion is bicarbonate; a combination of sulfate, chloride, and nitrate is predominant in the other three regions. Dissolved-solids content during low flows generally ranges from 100 to 600 milligrams per liter. \r\n\r\nSeveral time-of-travel measurements within the basin are reported. These data provide reasonable estimates of the time required for soluble contaminants to pass through particular parts of the river system. For example, the peak concentration of a contaminant injected into the river system at Chatham during extreme low flow would be expected to travel to Little Falls, about 31 miles, in about 13 days; but at medium flow, in about 5 days.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2026","usgsCitation":"Anderson, P.W., and Faust, S.D., 1973, Characteristics of water quality and streamflow, Passaic River basin above Little Falls, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2026, v, 80 p. :illus. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2026.","productDescription":"v, 80 p. :illus. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2026/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25446,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2026/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4eb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Peter W.","contributorId":10400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faust, Samuel Denton","contributorId":70367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faust","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"Denton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1168,"text":"wsp2029B - 1973 - Generalization of stream-temperature data in Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp2029B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2029","chapter":"B","title":"Generalization of stream-temperature data in Washington","docAbstract":"The effect of water temperature on the ecosystem of streams necessitates an analysis of various physical characteristics that influence stream temperatures. This study was conducted to determine (1) the effective relations that define site-to-site variation in stream temperatures, (2) equations and methods to estimate stream temperatures at sites where little or no data are now available, and (3) a procedure to evaluate the effect of water impoundment on natural stream temperatures. \r\n\r\nStatistical multiple-regression analyses were used to develop equations for relations between stream temperatures and topographic and climatic characteristics of the drainage basins. \r\n\r\nMultiple-regression techniques, generally, produced more accurate equations for estimating temperatures of streams in western Washington than for those in eastern Washington. A standard error of estimate was used to show how precisely stream temperatures may be defined by air-temperature and topographic drainage-basin characteristics. Of 24 original parameters tested, 15 were found effective to determine the equations of one or more of the 15 stream-temperature characteristics. \r\n\r\nEffects of holding reservoirs on downstream water temperatures may be evaluated by the use of harmonic curves of probable maximum and minimum stream temperatures. By examples, it was shown that (1) below a hydroelectric-power dam winter-minimum river temperatures were raised and occur 9 days later than they would under natural conditions; and (2) below a flood-control dam, which also augments natural flows during low-flow periods, summer-minimum river temperatures were raised and occur 4 days earlier than they would under natural conditions.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2029B","usgsCitation":"Collings, M.R., 1973, Generalization of stream-temperature data in Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2029, iv, B1-B45 p. :illus. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2029B.","productDescription":"iv, B1-B45 p. :illus. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2029b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26003,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2029b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685687","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collings, M. R.","contributorId":106092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collings","given":"M.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":48116,"text":"ofr7354 - 1973 - Relation of channel slope to reaeration of Michigan streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-12T10:24:44","indexId":"ofr7354","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-54","title":"Relation of channel slope to reaeration of Michigan streams","docAbstract":"<p>Reaeration coefficients (k<sub>2</sub>), which are rate constants for the process of oxygen absorption from the atmosphere, have been computed for Michigan's streams using an equation developed by Bennett and Rathbun (1972). Mean velocity and mean depth data, which are necessary for the computation, have been extracted from discharge measurements made at gaging stations throughout the State. The computed k<sub><span>2</span></sub> values have been related to channel slopes obtained from topographic maps. Regression equations have been derived that express the relation of k<sub>2</sub> to slope for streams at mean flow, median flow, 7-day 2-year low flow, and 7-day 10-year low flow. The equations indicate that an increase in channel slope or a decrease in streamflow increases k<sub>2</sub>.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/ofr7354","usgsCitation":"Cummings, T.R., 1973, Relation of channel slope to reaeration of Michigan streams: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-54, ii, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7354.","productDescription":"ii, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":170498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0054/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":343651,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0054/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":48177,"text":"ofr73203 - 1973 - Water resources outlook for the Minneapolis-Saint Paul Metropolitan Area, Minnesota","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":49254,"text":"ofr72272 - 1972 - Hydrogeologic maps of the Minneapolis-St. Paul artesian basin, Minnesota","indexId":"ofr72272","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeologic maps of the Minneapolis-St. Paul artesian basin, Minnesota"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":48177,"text":"ofr73203 - 1973 - Water resources outlook for the Minneapolis-Saint Paul Metropolitan Area, Minnesota","indexId":"ofr73203","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"title":"Water resources outlook for the Minneapolis-Saint Paul Metropolitan Area, Minnesota"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:38:07","indexId":"ofr73203","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-203","title":"Water resources outlook for the Minneapolis-Saint Paul Metropolitan Area, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>The water resources were studied within an area whose natural ground-water flow is largely towards the center of the metropolitan area. This area coincides with the extent of the Hinckley Sandstone aquifer. Thus, the general geohydrology of the area bounded by the extent of the Hinckley Sandstone (about 6,000 square miles) as it relates to the hydrology of the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area is described. Greater emphasis is placed on the area underlain by the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer (about 2,000 square miles), from which approximately 75 percent of the ground-water for the metropolitan area is pumped.</p>\n<p>The study indicates that the surface-water resources of the Twin Cities metropolitan area are used to such an extent that a supply adequate for domestic and industrial needs as well as power plant and sanitary effluent assimilation will not be available during severe drought.</p>\n<p>Ground-water is obtained primarily from two aquifer systems: The Prairie du Chien-Jordan and the Mount Simon-Hinckley. In 1970, these aquifers supplied about 90 percent (175 mgd) of the ground-water used in the metropolitan part of the study area. The probable level of development that can be sustained by these two aquifers in the metropolitan area is estimated to be 1,100 mgd; thus, substantial additional ground-water supplies could be developed. However, considerable management and planning would be needed to sustain this level of development.</p>\n<p>Maps in this report can be used to select general well-field locations based on consideration of 1) aquifer, 2) depth needed for completion, 3) head availability, 4) location of natural recharge and discharge boundaries, and 5) distance from areas where over-development of ground-water resources is imminent. Because of complexities in the ground-water system, yield estimates, boundary effects, and effects of aquifer interaction may best be determined in a study incorporating the use of a hydrologic model.</p>\n<p>Future detailed studies might include elaboration on some of the topics described in this report and the acquisition and interpretation of new data. Major items on which future work might focus are 1) data collection, 2) geohydrologic mapping, 3) hydraulic characteristics of subsurface geohydrologic units, 4) hydrology of lakes, and 5) hydrologic systems modeling</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr73203","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Metropolitan Council of the Twin Cities Area","usgsCitation":"Norvitch, R., Ross, T., and Brietkrietz, A., 1973, Water resources outlook for the Minneapolis-Saint Paul Metropolitan Area, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-203, x, 219 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73203.","productDescription":"x, 219 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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R.F.","contributorId":107742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norvitch","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, T.G.","contributorId":34987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brietkrietz, Alex","contributorId":34111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brietkrietz","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2898,"text":"wsp2029C - 1973 - Use of finite-difference arrays of observation wells to estimate evapotranspiration from ground water in the Arkansas River Valley, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:21","indexId":"wsp2029C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2029","chapter":"C","title":"Use of finite-difference arrays of observation wells to estimate evapotranspiration from ground water in the Arkansas River Valley, Colorado","docAbstract":"A method to determine evapotranspiration from ground water was tested at four sites in the flood plain of the Arkansas River in Colorado. Approximate ground-water budgets were obtained by analyzing water-level data from observation wells installed in five-point arrays. The analyses were based on finite difference approximations of the differential equation describing ground-water flow. \r\n\r\nData from the sites were divided into two groups by season. It was assumed that water levels during the dormant season were unaffected by evapotranspiration of ground water or by recharge, collectively termed 'accretion.' Regression analyses of these data were made to provide an equation for separating the effects of changes in aquifer storage and of aquifer heterogeneity from those due to accretion during the growing season. The data collected during the growing season were thus analyzed to determine accretion.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2029C","usgsCitation":"Weeks, E.P., and Sorey, M., 1973, Use of finite-difference arrays of observation wells to estimate evapotranspiration from ground water in the Arkansas River Valley, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2029, iii, 27 p. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2029C.","productDescription":"iii, 27 p. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2029c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29564,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2029c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db6046a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weeks, Edwin P. epweeks@usgs.gov","contributorId":2576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"Edwin","email":"epweeks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":145976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":56673,"text":"wdrWV721 - 1973 - Water resources data for West Virginia, water year 1972","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-24T16:19:07.187385","indexId":"wdrWV721","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"WV-72-1","title":"Water resources data for West Virginia, water year 1972","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1972 water year for West Virginia including records of streamflow or reservoir storage at gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sites, and records of water-quality data on the chemical and physical characteristics of surface water, are given in this report. In Part 1, records are included for 126 gaging stations of which 119 are streamflow discharge stations, 1 is stage only streamflow station, and 6 are reservoir or lake stations; also included are records for 7 low-flow partial record stations, 42 crest-stage partial-record stations, and 12 miscellaneous sites. Locations of gaging stations are shown in Figure 1. In Part 2, data on the quality of surface water (chemical, temperature, and sediment) were collected from designated sampling sites at predetermined intervals, such as once daily, weekly, monthly, or less frequently, and at some sites data were recorded on punched paper tape at 15-, 30-, or 60-minute intervals. Records are given for 30 sampling stations of which 18 are continuous record stations, and 12 are partial-record stations. Locations of water-quality stations are shown in Figure 1. A few pertinent stations (not included above) in bordering States are also included in this report. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey under the direction of Edwin E. Harris, district chief. These data represent that portion of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in West Virginia.</p><p>Beginning with the 1961 water year, streamflow records and related data have been released by the Geological Survey in annual reports on a State-boundary basis. Water-quality records beginning with the 1964 water year have been similarly released either in separate reports or in conjunction with streamflow records. These reports are for limited distribution and are designed primarily for rapid release of data shortly after the end of the water year.</p><p>Records of discharge and stage of streams, and contents and stage of lakes and reservoirs are published in a series of U.S. Geological Survey water-supply papers entitled, \"Surface Water. Supply of the United States.\" Through September 30, 1960, these water-supply papers were in an annual series and since then are in a 5-year series. Records of chemical quality, water temperatures, and suspended sediment have been published since 1941 in an annual series of water-supply papers entitled, \"Quality of Surface Waters of the United States.\" More information is given under the headings \"Publications\" on pages 15 and 20. <br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrWV721","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of West Virginia and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1973, Water resources data for West Virginia, water year 1972: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report WV-72-1, viii, 191 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrWV721.","productDescription":"viii, 191 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,{"id":48155,"text":"ofr73134 - 1973 - Hydrology and sediment transport, Moanalua Valley, Oahu, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-19T22:46:21.403504","indexId":"ofr73134","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-134","title":"Hydrology and sediment transport, Moanalua Valley, Oahu, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>The first 2 years of intensive data collection in Moanalua </span><span>Valley have resulted in some observations concerning the rainfall-</span><span>runoff and rainfall-sedimentation characteristics of the basin.</span></p><p><span>This initial study period has been concerned primarily with establishing a reliable hydrologic data-collection network. However, enough data have been collected to determine that rainfall within the valley shows extreme areal variations from one storm to another. An initial run on the U.S. Geological Survey small watershed model indicates some differences in basin characteristics in the two upper subregions. Results of model studies to date are encouraging. Flood routing with the Corps of Engineers' HEC-1 flood hydrograph package seems to be feasible. By preliminary estimates, the 50-year flood at gage 2282 would probably be between 5,500 and 6,000 cubic feet per second. </span></p><p><span>The narrow, steep nature of Moanalua Valley results in very rapid concentration of runoff, with extremely sharp hydrograph peaks. Stream channel width ranges from about 20 feet in the headwaters to 35 feet near the downstream limit of the study area. Mean slope of the main stem is about 0.027 foot/foot.1/ Where not identified, units for slope are ft/ft.</span></p><p><span>Observations indicate that the stream transports very large </span><span>particles (in excess of 2 </span><span>feet </span><span>in diameter) quite frequently. Detached </span><span>fragments from old stone-arch bridges have been marked in the channel </span><span>fill for use as tracers.</span></p><p><span>Only one storm has been analyzed for suspended-sediment discharge, but rough calculations indicate a possible suspended-sediment load of 12,000 tons for a storm similar to the design flow at gage 2282. This compares with a computed bedload discharge of 2,600 tons for the same flow.</span></p><p><span>Accumulation in the debris basin between October 2, 1969 and </span><span>July 26, 1971, as measured by level survey, was 48,000 cubic feet </span><span>or about 2,900 tons. </span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr73134","usgsCitation":"Jones, B., and Ewart, C., 1973, Hydrology and sediment transport, Moanalua Valley, Oahu, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-134, 124 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73134.","productDescription":"124 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":384517,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0134/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":162664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0134/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Oahu","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -157.90306091308594,\n              21.362132196021925\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.87919998168942,\n              21.362132196021925\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.87919998168942,\n              21.372363370512762\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.90306091308594,\n              21.372363370512762\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.90306091308594,\n              21.362132196021925\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e887","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, B.L.","contributorId":6498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ewart, C.J.","contributorId":76339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewart","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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