{"pageNumber":"2391","pageRowStart":"59750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185058,"records":[{"id":70160230,"text":"70160230 - 2006 - Grizzly bear nutrition and ecology studies in Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T13:27:20","indexId":"70160230","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-07T08:15:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3802,"text":"Yellowstone Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grizzly bear nutrition and ecology studies in Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"

T HE CHANCE TO SEE a wild grizzly bear is often the first or second reason people give for visiting Yellow - stone National Park. Public interest in bears is closely coupled with a desire to perpetuate this wild symbol of the American West. Grizzly bears have long been described as a wilderness species requiring large tracts of undisturbed habitat. However, in today’s world, most grizzly bears live in close proximity to humans (Schwartz et al. 2003). Even in Yellowstone National Park, the impacts of humans can affect the long-term survival of bears (Gunther et al. 2002). As a consequence, the park has long supported grizzly bear research in an effort to understand these impacts. Most people are familiar with what happened when the park and the State of Montana closed open-pit garbage dumps in the late 1960s and early 1970s, when at least 229 bears died as a direct result of conflict with humans. However, many may not be as familiar with the ongoing changes in the park’s plant and animal communities that have the potential to further alter the park’s ability to support grizzly bears.

","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C.T., Schwartz, C.C., Gunther, K.A., and Servheen, C., 2006, Grizzly bear nutrition and ecology studies in Yellowstone National Park: Yellowstone Science, v. 14, no. 3, p. 19-26.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312254,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312253,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/yellowstone-science-issues.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 43.56447158721811\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 45.01918507438176\n ],\n [\n -108.97338867187499,\n 45.01918507438176\n ],\n [\n -108.97338867187499,\n 43.56447158721811\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 43.56447158721811\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566ff651e4b09cfe53ca799e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Charles T.","contributorId":124585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robbins","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5127,"text":"Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, Charles C.","contributorId":124574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5119,"text":"Retired from U.S. Geological Survey, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, 2327 University Way, suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gunther, Kerry A.","contributorId":84621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gunther","given":"Kerry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5118,"text":"Yellowstone National Park, Yellowstone Center for Resources, Bear Management Office, P.O. Box 168, Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Servheen, Christopher","contributorId":47507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Servheen","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70160265,"text":"70160265 - 2006 - Hydrologic landscape units and adaptive management of intermountain wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T12:40:09","indexId":"70160265","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-07T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydrologic landscape units and adaptive management of intermountain wetlands","docAbstract":"

daptive management is often proposed to assist in the management of national wildlife refuges and allows the exploration of alternatives as well as the addition of ne w knowledge as it becomes available. The hydrological landscape unit can be a good foundation for such efforts. Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) is in an intermountain basin dominated by vertical tectonics in the Northern Rocky Mountains. A geographic information system was used to define the boundaries for the hydrologic landscape units there. Units identified include alluvial fan, interfan, stream alluvi um and basin flat. Management alternatives can be informed by ex amination of processes that occu r on the units. For example, an ancient alluvial fan unit related to Red Rock Creek appear s to be isolated from stream flow today, with recharge dominated by precipitation and bedrock springs; while other alluvial fan units in the area have shallow ground water recharged from mountain streams and precipitation. The scale of hydrologic processes in interfan units differs from that in alluvial fan hydrologic landscape units. These differences are important when the refuge is evaluating habitat management activities. Hydrologic landscape units provide scientific unde rpinnings for the refuge’s comprehensive planning process. New geologic, hydrologic, and biologic knowledge can be integrated into the hydrologic landscape unit definition and improve adaptive management.

","largerWorkTitle":"Adaptive Management of Water Resources: American Water Resources Association Summer Specialty Conference.","language":"English","publisher":"AWRA","usgsCitation":"Custer, S.G., and Sojda, R., 2006, Hydrologic landscape units and adaptive management of intermountain wetlands, in Adaptive Management of Water Resources: American Water Resources Association Summer Specialty Conference., 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312303,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312302,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.awra.org/proceedings/0606pro_toc.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Centenial Valley, Red Rock Lakes NWR","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.67578124999999,\n 44.457309801319305\n ],\n [\n -112.67578124999999,\n 45.47554027158593\n ],\n [\n -110.98388671874999,\n 45.47554027158593\n ],\n [\n -110.98388671874999,\n 44.457309801319305\n ],\n [\n -112.67578124999999,\n 44.457309801319305\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567147d7e4b09cfe53ca7d79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, Stephen G.","contributorId":104944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sojda, R.S.","contributorId":99075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sojda","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70160267,"text":"70160267 - 2006 - Mapping new terrain climate change and America’s West: Anticipating challenges to western mountain ecosystems and resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T13:13:12","indexId":"70160267","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-07T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"PSW-MISC-77","title":"Mapping new terrain climate change and America’s West: Anticipating challenges to western mountain ecosystems and resources","docAbstract":"
Climate variability and sustained change presage far-reaching transformations across America’s West, an expanse dominated
\n
by immense mountain ranges and interspersed with important urban centers. These mountains provide the region’s life
\n
blood—water that courses through its streams and runs out its faucets, power that fuels its industries and lights its cities, and
\n
natural resources that feed its economy and provide many of its jobs. The West is a land where life is written in water—from
\n
vast ranchlands and farmlands, to large densely populated urban areas—and the communities of the West are intricately tied
\n
to it.
\n
Why should we be concerned about how climate change is affecting the mountains? Despite their imposing grandeur and
\n
apparent fortitude, the mountains contain highly sensitive environments that support delicately balanced physical and
\n
natural systems. A warming of only a few degrees has major implications for mountain regions—for the integrity of the
\n
seasonal snowpack, the extensive forests that western mountains support, and for the people who make their home
\n
there. Such changes are already affecting water supply, energy availability, fire severity, and recreational opportunities.
\n
Continuing climate change may significantly alter the western landscape, where one encounters distinct ecological
\n
communities as successive layers from the lowlands to the high peaks. Each of these ecosystems has specific requirements
\n
for temperature and precipitation. As climate variability increases and global warming continues, complex changes in
\n
montane plant and animal communities will occur, increasing vulnerability of species to dramatic shifts in distribution and
\n
local extinctions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"CIRMOUNT Committee, 2006, Mapping new terrain climate change and America’s West: Anticipating challenges to western mountain ecosystems and resources, 28 p.","productDescription":"28 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312305,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312304,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/cirmount/publications/pdf/new_terrain.pdf"}],"publicComments":"The Consortium for Integrated Climate Research in Western Mountains (CIRMOUNT) July 2006","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567147d7e4b09cfe53ca7d7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"CIRMOUNT Committee","contributorId":150590,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"CIRMOUNT Committee","id":582347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70160261,"text":"70160261 - 2006 - Taxonomic and geographic variation in oviposition by tailed frogs (Ascaphus spp)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T14:17:57","indexId":"70160261","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-11T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2901,"text":"Northwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Taxonomic and geographic variation in oviposition by tailed frogs (Ascaphus spp)","docAbstract":"

Tailed frogs (Ascaphus spp.) oviposit in cryptic locations in streams of the Pacific Northwest and Rocky Mountains. This aspect of their life history has restricted our understanding of their reproductive ecology. The recent split of A. montanus in the Rocky Mountains from A. truei was based on molecular differentiation, and comparisons of their ecology are limited. Our objectives were to provide a range-wide summary of information on Ascaphus oviposition, compare some aspects of the reproductive ecology of the 2 species, and examine geographic variation in their reproductive traits. Reproductive ecology of the 2 species differed. Ascaphus truei had smaller clutches, oviposited later in the summer, and had a longer duration of oviposition than A. montanus. A greater number of communal oviposition sites were attributed to A. montanus. These ecological differences support the recent taxonomic revision of Ascaphus and suggest that different management strategies may be necessary for each species where conservation is a priority.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology","doi":"10.1898/1051-1733(2006)87[87:TVIOBT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Karraker, N.E., Pilliod, D., Adams, M.J., Bull, E.L., Corn, P.S., Diller, L.V., Hayes, M.P., Hossack, B.R., Hodgson, G.R., Hyde, E.J., Lohman, K., Norman, B.R., Ollivier, L.M., Pearl, C.A., and Peterson, C.R., 2006, Taxonomic and geographic variation in oviposition by tailed frogs (Ascaphus spp): Northwestern Naturalist, v. 87, no. 2, p. 87-97, https://doi.org/10.1898/1051-1733(2006)87[87:TVIOBT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"97","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312286,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"87","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567147dce4b09cfe53ca7d86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karraker, Nancy E.","contributorId":150566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karraker","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pilliod, David S. 0000-0003-4207-3518 dpilliod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-3518","contributorId":161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David S.","email":"dpilliod@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":582154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bull, Evelyn L.","contributorId":31104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bull","given":"Evelyn","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Corn, Paul Stephen 0000-0002-4106-6335","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-6335","contributorId":31693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Diller, Lowell V.","contributorId":65394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diller","given":"Lowell","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hayes, Marc P.","contributorId":29712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":1177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hodgson, Garth R.","contributorId":150568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hodgson","given":"Garth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hyde, Erin J.","contributorId":150569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hyde","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lohman, Kirk klohman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohman","given":"Kirk","email":"klohman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":582167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Norman, Bradford R.","contributorId":150570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norman","given":"Bradford","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Ollivier, Lisa M.","contributorId":150571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ollivier","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Pearl, Christopher A. 0000-0003-2943-7321 christopher_pearl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7321","contributorId":3131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Christopher","email":"christopher_pearl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":582170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Peterson, Charles R.","contributorId":95738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70160307,"text":"70160307 - 2006 - Assessing vaccination as a control strategy in an ongoing epidemic: Bovine tuberculosis in African buffalo","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-18T15:14:31.57442","indexId":"70160307","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing vaccination as a control strategy in an ongoing epidemic: Bovine tuberculosis in African buffalo","docAbstract":"

Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is an exotic disease invading the buffalo population (Syncerus caffer) of the Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa. We used a sex and age-structured epidemiological model to assess the effectiveness of a vaccination program and define important research directions. The model allows for dispersal between a focal herd and background population and was parameterized with a combination of published data and analyses of over 130 radio-collared buffalo in the central region of the KNP. Radio-tracking data indicated that all sex and age categories move between mixed herds, and males over 8 years old had higher mortality and dispersal rates than any other sex or age category. In part due to the high dispersal rates of buffalo, sensitivity analyses indicate that disease prevalence in the background population accounts for the most variability in the BTB prevalence and quasi-eradication within the focal herd. Vaccination rate and the transmission coefficient were the second and third most important parameters of the sensitivity analyses. Further analyses of the model without dispersal suggest that the amount of vaccination necessary for quasi-eradication (i.e. prevalence < 5%) depends upon the duration that a vaccine grants protection. Vaccination programs are more efficient (i.e. fewer wasted doses) when they focus on younger individuals. However, even with a lifelong vaccine and a closed population, the model suggests that >70% of the calf population would have to be vaccinated every year to reduce the prevalence to less than 1%. If the half-life of the vaccine is less than 5 years, even vaccinating every calf for 50 years may not eradicate BTB. Thus, although vaccination provides a means of controlling BTB prevalence it should be combined with other control measures if eradication is the objective.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elselvier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.02.009","usgsCitation":"Cross, P.C., and Getz, W.M., 2006, Assessing vaccination as a control strategy in an ongoing epidemic: Bovine tuberculosis in African buffalo: Ecological Modelling, v. 196, no. 3-4, p. 494-504, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.02.009.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"494","endPage":"504","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312384,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"South Africa","otherGeospatial":"Kruger National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 31.865844726562504,\n -23.956136333969273\n ],\n [\n 31.75048828125,\n -23.87076873182047\n ],\n [\n 31.6680908203125,\n -23.61432859499168\n ],\n [\n 31.569213867187496,\n -23.478362362272495\n ],\n [\n 31.5472412109375,\n -23.185813175302915\n ],\n [\n 31.26708984375,\n -22.37039634432004\n ],\n [\n 31.0638427734375,\n -22.329752304376473\n ],\n [\n 30.9814453125,\n -22.52270570348246\n ],\n [\n 30.8880615234375,\n -22.710322842052246\n ],\n [\n 31.019897460937504,\n -22.735656852206482\n ],\n [\n 30.871582031249996,\n -23.0443526637918\n ],\n [\n 31.096801757812496,\n -23.649556122147732\n ],\n [\n 31.1572265625,\n -24.021379342900296\n ],\n [\n 30.805664062500004,\n -24.15176601231297\n ],\n [\n 31.26708984375,\n -24.602074737077242\n ],\n [\n 31.580200195312496,\n -24.63203814959688\n ],\n [\n 31.327514648437496,\n -24.72188526321623\n ],\n [\n 31.179199218749996,\n -25.000994300028946\n ],\n [\n 31.338500976562496,\n -25.547397663603167\n ],\n [\n 32.0086669921875,\n -25.423431426334222\n ],\n [\n 32.0196533203125,\n -24.8864364907877\n ],\n [\n 32.0196533203125,\n -24.467150664738988\n ],\n [\n 31.9921875,\n -24.302046975036543\n ],\n [\n 31.904296874999996,\n -24.166802085303225\n ],\n [\n 31.865844726562504,\n -23.956136333969273\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"196","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56729942e4b01a7f82451d9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Getz, Wayne M.","contributorId":64563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Getz","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70160236,"text":"70160236 - 2006 - High resolution tree-ring based spatial reconstructions of snow avalanche activity in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-14T14:22:56","indexId":"70160236","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-03T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"High resolution tree-ring based spatial reconstructions of snow avalanche activity in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA","docAbstract":"

Effective design of avalanche hazard mitigation measures requires long-term records of natural avalanche frequency and extent. Such records are also vital for determining whether natural avalanche frequency and extent vary over time due to climatic or biophysical changes. Where historic records are lacking, an accepted substitute is a chronology developed from tree-ring responses to avalanche-induced damage. This study evaluates a method for using tree-ring chronologies to provide spatially explicit differentiations of avalanche frequency and temporally explicit records of avalanche extent that are often lacking. The study area - part of John F. Stevens Canyon on the southern border of Glacier National Park – is within a heavily used railroad and highway corridor with two dozen active avalanche paths. Using a spatially geo-referenced network of avalanche-damaged trees (n=109) from a single path, we reconstructed a 96-year tree-ring based chronology of avalanche extent and frequency. Comparison of the chronology with historic records revealed that trees recorded all known events as well as the same number of previously unidentified events. Kriging methods provided spatially explicit estimates of avalanche return periods. Estimated return periods for the entire avalanche path averaged 3.2 years. Within this path, return intervals ranged from ~2.3 yrs in the lower track, to ~9-11 yrs and ~12 to >25 yrs in the runout zone, where the railroad and highway are located. For avalanche professionals, engineers, and transportation managers this technique proves a powerful tool in landscape risk assessment and decision making.

","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of 2006 International Snow Science Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"2006 International Snow Science Workshop","conferenceDate":"October 1-6, 2006","conferenceLocation":"Telluride, CO","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Pederson, G.T., Reardon, B., Caruso, C., and Fagre, D.B., 2006, High resolution tree-ring based spatial reconstructions of snow avalanche activity in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA, in Proceedings of 2006 International Snow Science Workshop, Telluride, CO, October 1-6, 2006, p. 436-443.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"436","endPage":"443","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312263,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312262,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://arc.lib.montana.edu/snow-science/item/962"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.7576904296875,\n 47.94946583788702\n ],\n [\n -114.7576904296875,\n 49.005447494058096\n ],\n [\n -112.39562988281249,\n 49.005447494058096\n ],\n [\n -112.39562988281249,\n 47.94946583788702\n ],\n [\n -114.7576904296875,\n 47.94946583788702\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566ff651e4b09cfe53ca79a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pederson, Gregory T. 0000-0002-6014-1425 gpederson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-1425","contributorId":3106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"Gregory","email":"gpederson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reardon, Blase","contributorId":150198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reardon","given":"Blase","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":582122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caruso, C.J.","contributorId":54804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caruso","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70160264,"text":"70160264 - 2006 - Modeling the invasion and spread of contagious disease in heterogeneous populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T13:02:08","indexId":"70160264","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-03T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"subseriesTitle":"DIMACS: Series in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science","title":"Modeling the invasion and spread of contagious disease in heterogeneous populations","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Disease evolution: Models, concepts, and data analyses","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Mathematical Society","usgsCitation":"Getz, W., Lloyd-Smith, J., Cross, P.C., Bar-David, S., Johnson, P., Porco, T., and Sanchez, M., 2006, Modeling the invasion and spread of contagious disease in heterogeneous populations, chap. of Disease evolution: Models, concepts, and data analyses, v. 71, p. 113-144.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"144","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312300,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312299,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ams.org/bookstore-getitem/item=DIMACS-71"}],"volume":"71","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567147d7e4b09cfe53ca7d7d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Feng, Zhilan","contributorId":30341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"Zhilan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582188,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dieckmann, Ulf","contributorId":150579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dieckmann","given":"Ulf","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582189,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Levin, Simon A.","contributorId":147235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levin","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582190,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Getz, W.M.","contributorId":7669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Getz","given":"W.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lloyd-Smith, James O.","contributorId":31354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lloyd-Smith","given":"James O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bar-David, S.","contributorId":66097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bar-David","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, P.L.F.","contributorId":62968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"P.L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Porco, T.C.","contributorId":150575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porco","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sanchez, M.S.","contributorId":150577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanchez","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70160399,"text":"70160399 - 2006 - Coping with climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T13:23:37","indexId":"70160399","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-03T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":651,"text":"ActionBioscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coping with climate change","docAbstract":"

What have we learned so far about how climate change is affecting our global environment? Studies show that it adversely affects human and natural systems by  

\n

• reducing biodiversity

\n

• altering hydrological systems

\n

• impairing biological and chemical cycles

\n

• making it more difficult to restore degraded ecosystems

\n

Climate is not the only factor in the deterioration of natural systems.We are making big changes to the landscape, altering land use and land cover in major ways. These changes combined present a challenge to environmental management. Adaptive management is a scientific approach to managing the adverse impacts of climate and landscape change.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Biological Sciences","usgsCitation":"Prato, T., and Fagre, D.B., 2006, Coping with climate change: ActionBioscience.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314003,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312513,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.actionbioscience.org/environment/prato_fagre.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568f9a48e4b0e7a44bc63d63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prato, Tony","contributorId":97394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prato","given":"Tony","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70160232,"text":"70160232 - 2006 - Natural glide slab avalanches, Glacier National Park, USA: A unique hazard and forecasting challenge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-14T13:26:26","indexId":"70160232","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-02T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Natural glide slab avalanches, Glacier National Park, USA: A unique hazard and forecasting challenge","docAbstract":"

In a museum of avalanche phenomena, glide cracks and glide avalanches might be housed in the “strange but true” section. These oddities are uncommon in most snow climates and tend to be isolated to specific terrain features such as bedrock slabs. Many glide cracks never result in avalanches, and when they do, the wide range of time between crack formation and slab failure makes them highly unpredictable. Despite their relative rarity, glide cracks and glide avalanches pose a regular threat and complex forecasting challenge during the annual spring opening of the Going-to-the-Sun Road in Glacier National Park, U.S.A. During the 2006 season, a series of unusual glide cracks delayed snow removal operations by over a week and provided a unique opportunity to record detailed observations of glide avalanches and characterize their occurrence and associated weather conditions. Field observations were from snowpits, crown profiles and where possible, measurements of slab thickness, bed surface slope angle, substrate and other physical characteristics. Weather data were recorded at one SNOTEL site and two automated stations located from 0.6-10 km of observed glide slab avalanches. Nearly half (43%) of the 35 glide slab avalanches recorded were Class D2-2.5, with 15% Class D3-D3.5. The time between glide crack opening and failure ranged from 2 days to over six weeks, and the avalanches occurred in cycles associated with loss of snow water equivalent and spikes in temperature and radiation. We conclude with suggest ions for further study.

","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of 2006 International Snow Science Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"2006 International Snow Science Workshop","conferenceDate":"October 1-6, 2006","conferenceLocation":"Telluride, CO","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Reardon, B., Fagre, D.B., Dundas, M., and Lundy, C., 2006, Natural glide slab avalanches, Glacier National Park, USA: A unique hazard and forecasting challenge, in Proceedings of 2006 International Snow Science Workshop, Telluride, CO, October 1-6, 2006, p. 778-785.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"778","endPage":"785","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312259,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312258,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://arc.lib.montana.edu/snow-science/item.php?id=500"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.7576904296875,\n 47.94946583788702\n ],\n [\n -114.7576904296875,\n 49.005447494058096\n ],\n [\n -112.39562988281249,\n 49.005447494058096\n ],\n [\n -112.39562988281249,\n 47.94946583788702\n ],\n [\n -114.7576904296875,\n 47.94946583788702\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566ff654e4b09cfe53ca79b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reardon, Blase","contributorId":150198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reardon","given":"Blase","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":582115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dundas, Mark","contributorId":150560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dundas","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16272,"text":"National Park Service, Glacier National Park, West Glacier, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lundy, Chris","contributorId":150424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lundy","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16272,"text":"National Park Service, Glacier National Park, West Glacier, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70160326,"text":"70160326 - 2006 - The northern Yellowstone elk herd; management policy and natural regulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-17T10:47:35","indexId":"70160326","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-13T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"3","title":"The northern Yellowstone elk herd; management policy and natural regulation","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife in Shiretoko and Yellowstone National Parks: Lessons in Wildlife Conservation from Two World Heritage Sites","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Shiretoko Nature Foundation","publisherLocation":"Hokkaido, Japan","usgsCitation":"McCullough, D.R., Kaji, K., and Yamanaka, M., 2006, The northern Yellowstone elk herd; management policy and natural regulation, chap. 3 of Wildlife in Shiretoko and Yellowstone National Parks: Lessons in Wildlife Conservation from Two World Heritage Sites, p. 224-228.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"224","endPage":"228","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312434,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312433,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.shiretoko.or.jp/en/publication/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 43.56447158721811\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 45.01918507438176\n ],\n [\n -108.97338867187499,\n 45.01918507438176\n ],\n [\n -108.97338867187499,\n 43.56447158721811\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 43.56447158721811\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5673eac9e4b0da412f4f826e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCullough, Dale R.","contributorId":113841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCullough","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaji, Koichi","contributorId":111440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaji","given":"Koichi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yamanaka, Masami","contributorId":111731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamanaka","given":"Masami","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70160237,"text":"70160237 - 2006 - Long-duration drought variability and impacts on ecosystem services: A case study from Glacier National Park, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T13:21:36","indexId":"70160237","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-06T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1421,"text":"Earth Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-duration drought variability and impacts on ecosystem services: A case study from Glacier National Park, Montana","docAbstract":"

Instrumental climate records suggest that summer precipitation and winter snowpack in Glacier National Park (Glacier NP), Montana, vary significantly over decadal to multidecadal time scales. Because instrumental records for the region are limited to the twentieth century, knowledge of the range of variability associated with these moisture anomalies and their impacts on ecosystems and physical processes are limited. The authors developed a reconstruction of summer (June–August) moisture variability spanning a.d. 1540–2000 from a multispecies network of tree-ring chronologies in Glacier NP. Decadal-scale drought and pluvial regimes were defined as any event lasting 10 yr or greater, and the significance of each potential regime was assessed using intervention analysis. Intervention analysis prevents single intervening years of average or opposing moisture conditions from ending what was otherwise a sustained moisture regime. The reconstruction shows numerous decadal-scale shifts between persistent drought and wet events prior to the instrumental period (before a.d. 1900). Notable wet events include a series of three long-duration, high-magnitude pluvial regimes spanning the end of the Little Ice Age (a.d. 1770–1840). Though the late-nineteenth century was marked by a series of >10 yr droughts, the single most severe dry event occurred in the early-twentieth century (a.d. 1917–41). These decadal-scale dry and wet events, in conjunction with periods of high and low snowpack, have served as a driver of ecosystem processes such as forest fires and glacial dynamics in the Glacier NP region.

\n

Using a suite of paleoproxy reconstructions and information from previous studies examining the relationship between climate variability and natural processes, the authors explore how such persistent moisture anomalies affect the delivery of vital goods and services provided by Glacier NP and surrounding areas. These analyses show that regional water resources and tourism are particularly vulnerable to persistent moisture anomalies in the Glacier NP area. Many of these same decadal-scale wet and dry events were also seen among a wider network of hydroclimatic reconstructions along a north–south transect of the Rocky Mountains. Such natural climate variability can, in turn, have enormous impacts on the sustainable provision of natural resources over wide areas. Overall, these results highlight the susceptibility of goods and services provided by protected areas like Glacier NP to natural climate variability, and show that this susceptibility will likely be compounded by the effects of future human-induced climate change.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/EI153.1","usgsCitation":"Pederson, G.T., Gray, S., Fagre, D.B., and Graumlich, L.J., 2006, Long-duration drought variability and impacts on ecosystem services: A case study from Glacier National Park, Montana: Earth Interactions, v. 10, no. 4, p. 1-28, https://doi.org/10.1175/EI153.1.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"28","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312265,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.7576904296875,\n 47.94946583788702\n ],\n [\n -114.7576904296875,\n 49.005447494058096\n ],\n [\n -112.39562988281249,\n 49.005447494058096\n ],\n [\n -112.39562988281249,\n 47.94946583788702\n ],\n [\n -114.7576904296875,\n 47.94946583788702\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566ff652e4b09cfe53ca79ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pederson, Gregory T. 0000-0002-6014-1425 gpederson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-1425","contributorId":3106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"Gregory","email":"gpederson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, Stephen T. sgray@usgs.gov","contributorId":221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Stephen T.","email":"sgray@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graumlich, Lisa J.","contributorId":64375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graumlich","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70160263,"text":"70160263 - 2006 - Effects of fire on salmonid persistence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T15:13:04","indexId":"70160263","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-06T08:15:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Effects of fire on salmonid persistence","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

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Dams disrupt the flow of both of water and sediment through a watershed. Channel morphology is a function of discharge and sediment load, and perturbations caused by dams often alter channel form, causing significant geomorphic and, potentially, ecological changes (e.g. Petts and Gurnell, 2005). At the first order, dams often produce a flow regime that is profoundly altered in the timing, magnitude, and frequency of flows (Magilligan and Nislow, 2005). Yet, the nature of channel adjustments will be specific to both the physical setting, size of the river, dam characteristics, and nature and severity of the flow regulation (Church 1995; Knighton, 1998).

","language":"English","publisher":"University of Wyoming","doi":"10.13001/uwnpsrc.2006.3639","usgsCitation":"Erwin, S.O., and Schmidt, J.C., 2006, Measurements of bed load transport on Pacific Creek, Buffalo Fork and The Snake River in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming: University of Wyoming National Park Service Research Center Annual Report, v. 30, p. 37-41, https://doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2006.3639.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"41","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2006.3639","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Grand Teton National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.03881835937499,\n 43.265206318396025\n ],\n [\n -109.8907470703125,\n 43.265206318396025\n ],\n [\n -109.8907470703125,\n 44.280604121518145\n ],\n [\n -111.03881835937499,\n 44.280604121518145\n ],\n [\n -111.03881835937499,\n 43.265206318396025\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56729944e4b01a7f82451daa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, Susannah O. 0000-0002-2799-0118 serwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2799-0118","contributorId":5183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"Susannah","email":"serwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, J. C.","contributorId":60245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70160239,"text":"70160239 - 2006 - Observer error structure in bull trout redd counts in Montana streams: Implications for inference on true redd numbers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T13:19:40","indexId":"70160239","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-12T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observer error structure in bull trout redd counts in Montana streams: Implications for inference on true redd numbers","docAbstract":"

Despite the widespread use of redd counts to monitor trends in salmonid populations, few studies have evaluated the uncertainties in observed counts. We assessed the variability in redd counts for migratory bull trout Salvelinus confluentus among experienced observers in Lion and Goat creeks, which are tributaries to the Swan River, Montana. We documented substantially lower observer variability in bull trout redd counts than did previous studies. Observer counts ranged from 78% to 107% of our best estimates of true redd numbers in Lion Creek and from 90% to 130% of our best estimates in Goat Creek. Observers made both errors of omission and errors of false identification, and we modeled this combination by use of a binomial probability of detection and a Poisson count distribution of false identifications. Redd detection probabilities were high (mean = 83%) and exhibited no significant variation among observers (SD = 8%). We applied this error structure to annual redd counts in the Swan River basin (1982–2004) to correct for observer error and thus derived more accurate estimates of redd numbers and associated confidence intervals. Our results indicate that bias in redd counts can be reduced if experienced observers are used to conduct annual redd counts. Future studies should assess both sources of observer error to increase the validity of using redd counts for inferring true redd numbers in different basins. This information will help fisheries biologists to more precisely monitor population trends, identify recovery and extinction thresholds for conservation and recovery programs, ascertain and predict how management actions influence distribution and abundance, and examine effects of recovery and restoration activities.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1577/T05-129.1","usgsCitation":"Muhlfeld, C.C., Taper, M.L., Staples, D.F., and Shepard, B.B., 2006, Observer error structure in bull trout redd counts in Montana streams: Implications for inference on true redd numbers: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 135, no. 3, p. 643-654, https://doi.org/10.1577/T05-129.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"643","endPage":"654","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312267,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Goat Creek, Lion Creek, Swan River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.114501953125,\n 47.19717795172789\n ],\n [\n -116.114501953125,\n 49.04506962208046\n ],\n [\n -112.47802734375,\n 49.04506962208046\n ],\n [\n -112.47802734375,\n 47.19717795172789\n ],\n [\n -116.114501953125,\n 47.19717795172789\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"135","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566ff654e4b09cfe53ca79b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taper, Mark L.","contributorId":105192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taper","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Staples, David F.","contributorId":150561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Staples","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shepard, Bradley B.","contributorId":57327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shepard","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70004328,"text":"70004328 - 2006 - Tree rings, drought, and the Pueblo abandonment of south-central New Mexico in the 1670s","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-16T17:40:52.142811","indexId":"70004328","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-04T05:30:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"11","title":"Tree rings, drought, and the Pueblo abandonment of south-central New Mexico in the 1670s","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

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