{"pageNumber":"2394","pageRowStart":"59825","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185058,"records":[{"id":5224707,"text":"5224707 - 2006 - Assessing peridomestic entomological factors as predictors for Lyme disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-16T17:27:39.44876","indexId":"5224707","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2489,"text":"Journal of Vector Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing peridomestic entomological factors as predictors for Lyme disease","docAbstract":"<p><span>The roles of entomologic risk factors, including density of nymphal blacklegged ticks (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Ixodes scapularis</span><span>), prevalence of nymphal infection with the etiologic agent (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Borrelia burgdorferi)</span><span>, and density of infected nymphs, in determining the risk of human Lyme disease were assessed at residences in the endemic community of South Kingstown, RI. Nymphs were sampled between May and July from the wooded edge around 51 and 47 residential properties in 2002 and 2003, respectively. Nymphs were collected from all residences sampled. Tick densities, infection rates, and densities of infected nymphs were all significantly higher around homes reporting Lyme disease histories in 2003, while only infection rates were significantly higher in 2002. However, densities of infected nymphs did not significantly predict the probability of Lyme disease at a residence (by logistic regression) in either year. There were no significant differences in entomologic risk factors between homes with state-confirmed Lyme disease histories and homes with self-reported cases (not reported to the state health department). Therefore, although entomologic risk factors tended to be higher at residences with cases of Lyme disease, entomological indices, in the absence of human behavior measures, were not useful predictors of Lyme disease at the scale of individual residences in a tick-endemic community.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.3376/1081-1710(2006)31[364:APEFAP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Connally, N., Ginsberg, H., and Mather, T., 2006, Assessing peridomestic entomological factors as predictors for Lyme disease: Journal of Vector Ecology, v. 31, no. 2, p. 364-370, https://doi.org/10.3376/1081-1710(2006)31[364:APEFAP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"364","endPage":"370","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/pls_facpubs/160","text":"External Repository"},{"id":385664,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Rhode Island","city":"South Kingston","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.63360595703125,\n              41.343824581185686\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.4056396484375,\n              41.343824581185686\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.4056396484375,\n              41.54764462357737\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63360595703125,\n              41.54764462357737\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63360595703125,\n              41.343824581185686\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6978c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connally, N.P.","contributorId":21667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connally","given":"N.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ginsberg, H. S. 0000-0002-4933-2466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":27576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"H. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mather, T.N.","contributorId":43074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mather","given":"T.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224728,"text":"5224728 - 2006 - Assessing recreation impacts to cliffs in Shenandoah National Park:  Integrating visitor observation with trail and recreation site measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T15:51:12","indexId":"5224728","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2416,"text":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing recreation impacts to cliffs in Shenandoah National Park:  Integrating visitor observation with trail and recreation site measurements","docAbstract":"The rock outcrops and cliffs of Shenandoah National Park provide habitat for several rare and endangered plant and animal species, including the federally endangered Shenandoah Salamander (Plethodon shenandoah; Ludwig et al., 1993).  The location of the well-known park tour road, Skyline Drive, along the ridgeline provides exceptional access to many outcrops and cliffs throughout the park for a large number of the park?s 1.2 million annual visitors.  Consequently, visitor use of cliff areas has led to natural resource impacts, including marked decreases in size and vigor of known rare plant populations.  Despite the clear ecological value and potential threats to the natural resources at cliff areas, managers possess little information on visitor use of cliff sites and presently have no formal planning document to guide management.  Thus, a park wide study of cliff sites was initiated during the 2005 visitor use season.  As part of this research effort, our study used an integrative approach to study recreational use and visitor-caused resource impacts at one of the more heavily visited cliff sites in the park: Little Stony Man Cliffs (LSMC).  In particular, this study integrated data from resource impact measurements and visitor use observation to help assess the effects of recreational use on the natural resources of LSMC.  Procedures derived from campsite and trail impact studies were used to measure and characterize the amount of visitor-caused resource impacts on LSMC (Marion & Leung, 2001; Marion, 1995).  Visitor use observations were conducted on top of LSMC to document and characterize the type and amount of recreational use the cliffs receive and the behaviors of recreationists that may contribute to cliff-top resource impacts.  Resource impact measurement data show trampling disturbance present at LSMC, characterized by vegetation loss, exposed soil, and root exposure.  Documentation of informal trails, soil erosion, tree damage, and tree stumps provide further indicators of resource damage at LSMC.  Results of visitor use observation offer several insights into contributory factors of cliff-top resource damage by showing differences in use and behavior between visitor types.  The findings from this study suggest that a management approach characterized by visitor education, some site hardening, and concentration of visitor use on durable surfaces, along with the installation of fixed anchors at the top of popular climbing routes is likely to have the greatest success at balancing visitor enjoyment with resource protection at LSMC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6680_Wood.pdf","usgsCitation":"Wood, K., Lawson, S., and Marion, J., 2006, Assessing recreation impacts to cliffs in Shenandoah National Park:  Integrating visitor observation with trail and recreation site measurements: Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, v. 24, no. 4, p. 86-110.","productDescription":"86-110","startPage":"86","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269473,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://js.sagamorepub.com/jpra/article/view/1396"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, K.T.","contributorId":87658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawson, S.R.","contributorId":14083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawson","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marion, J. L. 0000-0003-2226-689X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-689X","contributorId":10888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5220754,"text":"5220754 - 2006 - Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) in Yakutia: Distribution, nesting areas, and features of nutrition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:10","indexId":"5220754","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3812,"text":"Zoologicheskii Zhurnal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) in Yakutia: Distribution, nesting areas, and features of nutrition","docAbstract":"In Yakutia, gyrfalcon nests in tundra, forest-tundra, and taiga and may occur in the northeastern and, sometimes, in the northwestern parts, being almost absent or occasional over the large area separating these regions.  The southern boundary of the nesting site is nowhere below 64 degrees N.  In central Yakutia, gyrfalcon was suggested to be met as a visitant or migratory species.  The long-term studies showed that this species occurred there in all the seasons, including winter periods.  This fact became a reason to consider the bird as a migratory and wintering (not always) species, despite its repeated comings to inhabited localities that indicated difficulties in birds during winter periods.  There are about 30 and 6 species of birds and mammals, respectively, in the gyrfalcon diet in Yakutia.  The prevalence of birds is evident (65.4 to 91.3%). In the composition of food species, the share of willow and rock ptamigans is high everywhere, although in the Lower Kolyma tundra, they give way to ducks (19.2 and 30.7%, respectively).  Ptamigans as an diet item seems to be of particular importance for the survival of the species. Gyrfalcons prey birds of medium size, such as ptamigans, ducks, and sandpipers.  Large (geese. caterpillars) and small (small passerines) birds become gyrfalcon's prey less often.  Species of open and semi-open habitats are mostly preferable among mammals.  Drastic changes in the forage reserves of gyrfalcon are one of the most serious causes leading to the changes in its number and participation in the reproductive cycles. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Zoologicheskii Zhurnal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6897_Labutin.pdf","usgsCitation":"Labutin, Y.V., and Ellis, D.H., 2006, Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) in Yakutia: Distribution, nesting areas, and features of nutrition: Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, v. 85, no. 11, p. 1354-1361.","productDescription":"1354-1361","startPage":"1354","endPage":"1361","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a0e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Labutin, Yu. V.","contributorId":65194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labutin","given":"Yu.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, D. H.","contributorId":79830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224758,"text":"5224758 - 2006 - An efficient method of capturing Painted Buntings and other small granivorous passerines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:03","indexId":"5224758","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2881,"text":"North American Bird Bander","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An efficient method of capturing Painted Buntings and other small granivorous passerines","docAbstract":"To study survival in the eastern breeding population of the Painted Bunting (Passerina ciris), I developed a technique to capture a large sample of buntings for color marking with leg-bands.  This involved the use of bird feeders and an array of three short mist nets located at 40 sites in four states, each site meeting five specific criteria.  In five years of mist netting (1999-2003), 4174 captures (including recaptures) of Painted Buntings were made in 3393 net-hours or 123 captures per 100 net-hours.  The technique proved to be effective and efficient, and may have broad application for capturing large numbers of small granivorous passerines.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Bird Bander","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6730_Sykes.pdf","usgsCitation":"Sykes, P., 2006, An efficient method of capturing Painted Buntings and other small granivorous passerines: North American Bird Bander, v. 31, no. 3, p. 110-115.","productDescription":"110-115","startPage":"110","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684b12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sykes, P.W. Jr.","contributorId":107385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sykes","given":"P.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224730,"text":"5224730 - 2006 - Characters and phylogenetic relationships of nectar-feeding bats, with descriptions of new Lonchophylla from western South America (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Lonchophyllini)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:09","indexId":"5224730","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3147,"text":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characters and phylogenetic relationships of nectar-feeding bats, with descriptions of new Lonchophylla from western South America (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Lonchophyllini)","docAbstract":"The Neotropical Lonchophyllini (Chiropter: Phyllostomidae) currently comprise four genera and thirteen species of nectar-feeding bats.  These species often are separated into larger-bodied (eight species) and smaller-bodied (five species) forms to aid in identification.  Our morphological and morphometrical analyses of the smaller Lonchophyllini revealed the existence of two distinctive, previously undescribed species of bats of the genus Lonchophylla from western South America.  We describe a new form from Amazonian Peru as Lonchophylla pattoni and one from western Colombia as Lonchophylla cadenai.  Phyllogenetic analysis of the Lonchophyllini based primarily on morphological characters indicates that these two new species are closely related to Lonchophylla thomasi.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6682_Woodman.pdf","usgsCitation":"Woodman, N., and Timm, R.M., 2006, Characters and phylogenetic relationships of nectar-feeding bats, with descriptions of new Lonchophylla from western South America (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Lonchophyllini): Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, v. 119, no. 4, p. 437-476.","productDescription":"437-476","startPage":"437","endPage":"476","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16811,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2988%2F0006-324X%282006%29119%5B437%3ACAPRON%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"119","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4cb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodman, N. 0000-0003-2689-7373","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":104176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Timm, R. M.","contributorId":92376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Timm","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224827,"text":"5224827 - 2006 - Coherence between harvest and habitat management -- Joint venture perspectives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5224827","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3638,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coherence between harvest and habitat management -- Joint venture perspectives","docAbstract":"Introduction:  In recent months, an ad hoc group of waterfowl scientists, representing the International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (IAFWA) Adaptive Harvest Management (ARM) Task Force and the North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP) Committee, have collaborated as a Joint Task Group (JTG) to assess options for unifying the population goals guiding waterfowl harvest management and habitat management.  The JTG has been charged with bringing coherence to the population goals of the two programs.  Characterizing the problem as one of coherence indicates value judgments exist regarding its significance or perhaps existence. For purposes of this paper, we characterize the lack of coherence as the absence of consistent population goals in the two related components of waterfowl conservation habitat and harvest management.  Our purpose is to support continued dialogue on the respective goals of these programs and the possible implications of discordant goals to habitat joint ventures.  Our objectives are two-fold: (1) illustrate how NAWMP habitat management goals and strategies have been interpreted and pursued in both breeding and wintering areas, and (2) provide perspectives on the linkages between regional habitat management programs and harvest management.  The Lower Mississippi Valley and the Prairie Pothole joint ventures (LMVJV and PPJV, respectively) will be used as examples.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6835_Baxter.pdf","usgsCitation":"Baxter, C., Nelson, J., Reinecke, K.J., and Stephens, S.E., 2006, Coherence between harvest and habitat management -- Joint venture perspectives: Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 71, p. 214-232.","productDescription":"214-232","startPage":"214","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae99d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baxter, C.K.","contributorId":91964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baxter","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, J.W.","contributorId":9995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reinecke, K. J.","contributorId":54537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stephens, S. E.","contributorId":40706,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stephens","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224727,"text":"5224727 - 2006 - Multistate survival models and their extensions in Program MARK","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:30","indexId":"5224727","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multistate survival models and their extensions in Program MARK","docAbstract":"Program MARK provides .100 models for the estimation of population parameters from mark?encounter data. The multistate model of Brownie et al. (1993) and Hestbeck et al. (1991) allows animals to move between states with a probability of transition.  The simplest multistate model is an extension of the Cormack?Jolly?Seber (CJS) live recapture model.  arameters estimated are state-specific survival rates and encounter probabilities and transition probabilities between states.  The multistate model provides a valuable framework to evaluate important ecological questions.  For example, estimation of state-specific survival and transition probabilities between the biological states of breeders and nonbreeders allows estimation of the cost of reproduction.  Transitions between physical states, such as spatial areas, provide estimates needed for meta-population models.  The basic multistate model uses only live recaptures, but 3 extensions are included in MARK.  A multistate model with live and dead encounters is available, although the dead encounters are not state specific. Robust-design multistate models are also included in MARK, with both open and closed robust designs.  These models assume that animals move between states only between primary sessions of the robust design.  For the closed robust design, we can specify 12 different data types for the modeling of encounter probabilities during the primary session, including 6 versions of the closed model likelihood incorporating population size (N) directly in the likelihood, and 6 versions of the Huggins model in which N is estimated as a derived parameter outside the likelihood.  One assumption that is generally necessary to estimate state-specific survival rates in the multistate model is that transitions take place immediately before encounter occasions.   Otherwise, survival rates over the interval between encounter occasions are a mix of survival rates over multiple states.  Advantages of using MARK to estimate the parameters of the various multistate models include flexibility of model specification to include group, time, and individual covariates, estimation of variance components, model averaging of parameter estimates, and Bayesian parameter estimation using Markov chain Monte Carlo procedures on the logit scale.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6679_White.pdf","usgsCitation":"White, G.C., Kendall, W., and Barker, R.J., 2006, Multistate survival models and their extensions in Program MARK: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 6, p. 1521-1529.","productDescription":"1521-1529","startPage":"1521","endPage":"1529","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16810,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2193%2F0022-541X%282006%2970%5B1521%3AMSMATE%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"70","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4805e4b07f02db4cf208","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barker, R. J.","contributorId":34222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224708,"text":"5224708 - 2006 - A lifetime of CBC adventures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:04","indexId":"5224708","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A lifetime of CBC adventures","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6653_Robbins.pdf","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 2006, A lifetime of CBC adventures: American Birds, v. 60, no. 106th Christmas Bird, p. 10-13.","productDescription":"10-13","startPage":"10","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16805,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.audubon.org/bird/cbc/pdf/AB_106_01-featureFINAL.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"60","issue":"106th Christmas Bird","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae2fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224936,"text":"5224936 - 2006 - Hemidactylium scutatum (Four-toed salamander). Morphology/phenology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:08","indexId":"5224936","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hemidactylium scutatum (Four-toed salamander). Morphology/phenology","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"7023_Chalmers.pdf","usgsCitation":"Chalmers, R., and Loftin, C., 2006, Hemidactylium scutatum (Four-toed salamander). Morphology/phenology: Herpetological Review, v. 37, no. 1, p. 69-71.","productDescription":"69-71","startPage":"69","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635c98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chalmers, R.J.","contributorId":10894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalmers","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftin, C.S.","contributorId":92771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224825,"text":"5224825 - 2006 - Harvest potential and habitat are inextricably linked","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:04","indexId":"5224825","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3638,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Harvest potential and habitat are inextricably linked","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6832_Anderson.pdf","usgsCitation":"Anderson, M., Eadie, J., Huang, M., Johnson, R., Koneff, M., Ringelman, J., Runge, M., and Wilson, H., 2006, Harvest potential and habitat are inextricably linked: Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 71, p. 275-289.","productDescription":"275-289","startPage":"275","endPage":"289","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640f0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, M.G.","contributorId":7230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"M.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eadie, J.M.","contributorId":8034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eadie","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huang, M.T.","contributorId":49895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, R.","contributorId":24054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koneff, M.D.","contributorId":37031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koneff","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ringelman, J.K.","contributorId":65418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringelman","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Runge, M.C. 0000-0002-8081-536X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":49312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wilson, H.C.","contributorId":66376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":5224715,"text":"5224715 - 2006 - Structure creep: managing the A.T. camping experience","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:05","indexId":"5224715","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":824,"text":"Appalachian Trail Journeys","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure creep: managing the A.T. camping experience","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Appalachian Trail Journeys","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6663_Marion.pdf","usgsCitation":"Marion, J., 2006, Structure creep: managing the A.T. camping experience: Appalachian Trail Journeys, v. 2, no. 6, p. 10-11.","productDescription":"10-11","startPage":"10","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a346","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marion, J. L. 0000-0003-2226-689X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-689X","contributorId":10888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224716,"text":"5224716 - 2006 - Visitor evaluations of management actions at a highly impacted Appalachian Trail camping area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5224716","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Visitor evaluations of management actions at a highly impacted Appalachian Trail camping area","docAbstract":"Protected area management involves balancing environmental and social objectives.  This is particularly difficult at high-use/high-impact recreation sites, because resource protection objectives may require substantial site management or visitor regulation.  This study examined visitors? reactions to both of these types of actions at Annapolis Rocks, Maryland, a popular Appalachian Trail camping area. We surveyed visitors before and after implementation of camping policies that included shifting camping to designated newly constructed campsites and prohibiting campfires.  Survey results reveal that visitors were more satisfied with all social and environmental indicators after the changes were enacted. An Importance-Performance analysis also determined that management actions improved conditions for factors of greatest concern to campers prior to the changes. Posttreatment visitors were least satisfied with factors related to reduced freedom and to some characteristics of the constructed campsites. Although there was evidence of visitor displacement, the camping changes met management goals by protecting the camping area?s natural resources and improving social conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6664_Daniels.pdf  3.6 MB","usgsCitation":"Daniels, M., and Marion, J., 2006, Visitor evaluations of management actions at a highly impacted Appalachian Trail camping area: Environmental Management, v. 38, no. 6, p. 1006-1019.","productDescription":"1006-1019","startPage":"1006","endPage":"1019","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16809,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.springerlink.com/content/e417416375768654/?p=535fb9c36ad745029d3289f83a13c073&pi=10","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"38","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5756","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daniels, M.L.","contributorId":52689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marion, J. L. 0000-0003-2226-689X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-689X","contributorId":10888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224757,"text":"5224757 - 2006 - A brief report on the illegal cage-bird trade in southern Florida: a potentially serious negative impact on the eastern population of Painted Bunting (Passerina ciris)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5224757","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2882,"text":"North American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A brief report on the illegal cage-bird trade in southern Florida: a potentially serious negative impact on the eastern population of Painted Bunting (Passerina ciris)","docAbstract":"Populations of Painted Bunting (Passerina ciris) have been declining annually over the past 35 years.  A cursory survey indicates that illegal trapping of Painted Buntings for a black market cage-bird trade is widespread in southeastern Florida.  Coupled with other negative factors confronting the eastern population, the trapping of buntings for the cagebird trade may, in time, produce dire results for this native songbird.  Law enforcement personnel need to continue to monitor the illegal activity of trapping native passerines for the local songbird market and to continue to arrest those who support it.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6729_Sykes.pdf","usgsCitation":"Sykes, P., Manfredi, L., and Padura, M., 2006, A brief report on the illegal cage-bird trade in southern Florida: a potentially serious negative impact on the eastern population of Painted Bunting (Passerina ciris): North American Birds, v. 60, no. 2, p. 310-313.","productDescription":"310-313","startPage":"310","endPage":"313","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1186","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sykes, P.W. Jr.","contributorId":107385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sykes","given":"P.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manfredi, L.","contributorId":65966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manfredi","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Padura, M.","contributorId":43476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Padura","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224805,"text":"5224805 - 2006 - Salt tolerance and osmotic adjustment of Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae) and the invasive M haplotype of Phragmites australis (Poaceae) along a salinity gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-27T11:09:18","indexId":"5224805","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":724,"text":"American Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salt tolerance and osmotic adjustment of Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae) and the invasive M haplotype of Phragmites australis (Poaceae) along a salinity gradient","docAbstract":"<p><span>An invasive variety of </span><i>Phragmites australis</i><span> (Poaceae, common reed), the M haplotype, has been implicated in the spread of this species into North American salt marshes that are normally dominated by the salt marsh grass </span><i>Spartina alterniflora</i><span> (Poaceae, smooth cordgrass). In some European marshes, on the other hand, </span><i>Spartina</i><span> spp. derived from </span><i>S. alterniflora</i><span> have spread into brackish </span><i>P. australis</i><span> marshes. In both cases, the non-native grass is thought to degrade the habitat value of the marsh for wildlife, and it is important to understand the physiological processes that lead to these species replacements. We compared the growth, salt tolerance, and osmotic adjustment of M haplotype </span><i>P. australis</i><span> and </span><i>S. alterniflora</i><span> along a salinity gradient in greenhouse experiments. </span><i>Spartina alterniflora</i><span> produced new biomass up to 0.6 M NaCl, whereas </span><i>P. australis</i><span> did not grow well above 0.2 M NaCl. The greater salt tolerance of </span><i>S. alterniflora</i><span> compared with </span><i>P. australis</i><span> was due to its ability to use Na</span><sup>+</sup><span> for osmotic adjustment in the shoots. On the other hand, at low salinities </span><i>P. australis</i><span> produced more shoots per gram of rhizome tissue than did </span><i>S. alterniflora</i><span>. This study illustrates how ecophysiological differences can shift the competitive advantage from one species to another along a stress gradient. </span><i>Phragmites australis</i><span> is spreading into North American coastal marshes that are experiencing reduced salinities, while </span><i>Spartina</i><span> spp. are spreading into northern European brackish marshes that are experiencing increased salinities as land use patterns change on the two continents.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Botanical Society of America","doi":"10.3732/ajb.93.12.1784","usgsCitation":"Vasquez, E.A., Glenn, E., Guntenspergen, G.R., Brown, J.J., and Nelson, S.G., 2006, Salt tolerance and osmotic adjustment of Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae) and the invasive M haplotype of Phragmites australis (Poaceae) along a salinity gradient: American Journal of Botany, v. 93, no. 12, p. 1784-1790, https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.93.12.1784.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1784","endPage":"1790","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477282,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.93.12.1784","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c8b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vasquez, Edward A.","contributorId":174717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vasquez","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":56542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward P.","affiliations":[{"id":13060,"text":"Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":342731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, J. Jed","contributorId":174718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, Stephen G.","contributorId":174719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5224734,"text":"5224734 - 2006 - Lead poisoning in captive Andean condors (Vultur gryphus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5224734","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lead poisoning in captive Andean condors (Vultur gryphus)","docAbstract":"Elevated lead in the tissues of raptors, especially those that scavenge, is a common occurrence, and lead poisoning appears to be a significant problem in the ongoing recovery effort for California condors (Gymnogyps californianus).  Elevated blood lead levels have been found in released birds, and a number of birds have died of lead poisoning.  In earlier work, we dosed turkey vultures (Cathartes aura) with lead shot but found them to be a poor model for lead poisoning.  In this study, we dosed four Andean condors (Vultur gryphus) with lead shot and found them to be quite sensitive, as two of the birds died and the other two exhibit signs of lead poisoning within 50 days.  All lead-responsive parameters were affected, and regurgitation of dosed shot occurred only once.  The response of the Andean condors appeared to mimic California condors, suggesting that once exposed to lead, the possibility of survival is poor.  This is consistent with observations in the wild, where otherwise healthy birds exposed to metallic lead quickly succumb.  At the very least, the release program has to maintain constant surveillance and an active lead monitoring program.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6694_Pattee.pdf","usgsCitation":"Pattee, O.H., Carpenter, J.W., Fritts, S.H., Rattner, B., Wiemeyer, S.N., Royle, J., and Smith, M.R., 2006, Lead poisoning in captive Andean condors (Vultur gryphus): Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 42, no. 4, p. 772-779.","productDescription":"772-779","startPage":"772","endPage":"779","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16813,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jwildlifedis.org/cgi/content/abstract/42/4/772","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8535","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pattee, O. H.","contributorId":46459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pattee","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, J. W.","contributorId":81854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fritts, S. H.","contributorId":50233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, M. R.","contributorId":40551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":5224742,"text":"5224742 - 2006 - The vertebrate fauna of Ichauway, Baker County, GA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:30","indexId":"5224742","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The vertebrate fauna of Ichauway, Baker County, GA","docAbstract":"Less than 4% of the once extensive Pinus palustris (longleaf pine) ecosystem remains today.  Although longleaf pine habitats are recognized for their high species diversity, few published accounts document the vertebrate faunas of remaining tracts.  Here we report on the vertebrate species richness of lchauway, an 11,300-ha property in Baker County, GA.  The property includes ca. 7300 ha of longleaf pine with native ground cover, along with more than 30 seasonal wetlands and ca. 45 km of riparian habitat associated with Ichawaynochaway Creek, Big Cypress Creek, and the Flint River.  The fauna includes 61 species of fish, 31 amphibians, 53 reptiles, 191 birds, and 41 mammals.  Despite the relative isolation of the property from other natural ecosystems, the vertebrate fauna of lchauway is remarkably diverse and may offer an example of reference conditions to guide restoration of longleaf pine forests, associated seasonal wetlands, and riparian areas elsewhere in the southeastern U S.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6704_Smith.pdf","usgsCitation":"Smith, L.L., Steen, D., Stober, J., Freeman, M.C., Golladay, S., Conner, L., and Cochrane, J., 2006, The vertebrate fauna of Ichauway, Baker County, GA: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 5, no. 4, p. 599-620.","productDescription":"599-620","startPage":"599","endPage":"620","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16816,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1656%2F1528-7092%282006%295%5B599%3ATVFOIB%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":202035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f071","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, L. L.","contributorId":6791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steen, D.A.","contributorId":68255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steen","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stober, J.M.","contributorId":97219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stober","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freeman, Mary C. 0000-0001-7615-6923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":99659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Golladay, S.W.","contributorId":11300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golladay","given":"S.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Conner, L.M.","contributorId":75254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conner","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cochrane, J.","contributorId":82428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":5224704,"text":"5224704 - 2006 - Descriptions and biological notes on three unusual mantellid tadpoles (Amphibia: Anura: Mantellidae) from southeastern Madagascar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:33","indexId":"5224704","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3147,"text":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Descriptions and biological notes on three unusual mantellid tadpoles (Amphibia: Anura: Mantellidae) from southeastern Madagascar","docAbstract":"The morphologies of three unusual tadpoles from slow-flowing, sandy-bottomed, rain forest streams in southeastern Madagascar are described.  The large oral apparatus of the tadpole of Boophis picturatus Glaw, Vences, Andreone, and Vallan, 2001 lacks all keratinized structures and has an elaborately-folded lower labium with five, radially oriented, flattopped ridges.  The tadpole of Mantidactylus guttulatus (Boulenger, 1881) lacks all keratinized mouthparts and has three immense papillae where the upper jaw normally occurs.  The tadpole of Mantidactylus lugubris (Dumeril, 1853) has an ornate oral apparatus involving greatly hypertrophied derivatives of jaw serrations and unique structures on the lower labium that resemble labial teeth.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6642_Altig.pdf","usgsCitation":"Altig, R., and McDiarmid, R., 2006, Descriptions and biological notes on three unusual mantellid tadpoles (Amphibia: Anura: Mantellidae) from southeastern Madagascar: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, v. 119, no. 3, p. 418-425.","productDescription":"418-425","startPage":"418","endPage":"425","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16801,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2988%2F0006-324X%282006%29119%5B418%3ADABNOT%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db66909b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Altig, R.","contributorId":44259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Altig","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDiarmid, R.W.","contributorId":15130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDiarmid","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224791,"text":"5224791 - 2006 - Birds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:30","indexId":"5224791","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":950,"text":"Avian and Poultry Biology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Birds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","docAbstract":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are present throughout the global environment and are produced naturally and by activities of humans.  Effects of PAH on birds have been determined by studies employing egg injection, egg immersion, egg shell application, single and multiple oral doses, subcutaneous injection, and chemical analysis of field-collected eggs and tissue.  The four-to six-ring aromatic compounds are the most toxic to embryos, young birds, and adult birds.  For embryos, effects include death, developmental abnormalities, and a variety of cellular and biochemical responses.  For adult and young birds, effects include reduced egg production and hatching, increased clutch or brood abandonment, reduced growth, increased organweights, and a variety of biochemical responses.  Trophic level accumulation is unlikely.  Environmental exposure to PAH in areas of high human population or habitats affected by recent petroleum spills might be sufficient to adversely affect reproduction.  Evidence of long-term effects of elevated concentrations of environmental PAH on bird populations is very limited and the mechanisms of effect are unclear.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Avian and Poultry Biology Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6771_Albers.pdf","usgsCitation":"Albers, P., 2006, Birds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Avian and Poultry Biology Reviews, v. 17, no. 4, p. 125-140.","productDescription":"125-140","startPage":"125","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db612035","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albers, P.H.","contributorId":26646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224710,"text":"5224710 - 2006 - The role of the Wetland Reserve Program in conservation efforts in the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T15:35:45","indexId":"5224710","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of the Wetland Reserve Program in conservation efforts in the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Mississippi River Alluvial Valley includes the floodplain of the Mississippi River from Cairo, Illinois, USA, to the Gulf of Mexico. Originally this region supported about 10 million ha of bottomland hardwood forests, but only about 2.8 million ha remain today. Furthermore, most of the remaining bottomland forest is highly fragmented with altered hydrologic processes. During the 1990s landscape-scale conservation planning efforts were initiated for migratory birds and the threatened Louisiana black bear (</span><i>Ursus americanus luteolus</i><span>). These plans call for large-scale reforestation and restoration efforts in the region, particularly on private lands. In 1990 the Food, Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Act authorized the Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP). The WRP is a voluntary program administered by the United States Department of Agriculture that provides eligible landowners with financial incentives to restore wetlands and retire marginal farmlands from agricultural production. As of 30 September 2005, over 275,700 ha have been enrolled in the program in the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley, with the greatest concentration in Louisiana, Arkansas, and Mississippi, USA. Hydrologic restoration is common on most sites, with open-water wetlands, such as moist-soil units and sloughs, constituting up to 30% of a given tract. Over 33,200 ha of open-water wetlands have been created, potentially providing over 115,000,000 duck-use days. Twenty-three of 87 forest-bird conservation areas have met or exceed core habitat goals for migratory songbirds and another 24 have met minimum area requirements. The WRP played an integral role in the fulfillment of these goals. Although some landscape goals have been attained, the young age of the program and forest stands, and the lack of monitoring, has limited evaluations of the program's impact on wildlife populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[914:TROTWR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"King, S.L., Twedt, D.J., and Wilson, R.R., 2006, The role of the Wetland Reserve Program in conservation efforts in the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 34, no. 4, p. 914-920, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[914:TROTWR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"914","endPage":"920","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198197,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Alluvial Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.71435546875,\n              37.38761749978395\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.23095703125,\n              37.38761749978395\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.72558593749999,\n              37.26530995561875\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.505859375,\n              36.949891786813296\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.48388671874999,\n              36.33282808737919\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.20898437499999,\n              35.191766965947394\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.80224609374999,\n              34.52466147177172\n            ],\n            [\n 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dtwedt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"Daniel","email":"dtwedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, R. Randy","contributorId":100287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Randy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224739,"text":"5224739 - 2006 - Population trajectory of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) in eastern Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:09","indexId":"5224739","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population trajectory of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) in eastern Washington","docAbstract":"Anecdotal evidence suggests that burrowing owls have declined in Washington.  The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife is currently conducting a status review for burrowing owls which will help determine whether they should be listed as threatened or endangered in the state.  To provide insights into the current status of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia), we analyzed data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey using two analytical approaches to determine their current population trajectory in eastern Washington.  We used a one-sample t-test to examine whether trend estimates across all BBS routes in Washington differed from zero.  We also used a mixed model analysis to estimate the rate of decline in number of burrowing owls detected between 1968 and 2005.  The slope in number of burrowing owls detected was negative for 12 of the 16 BBS routes in Washington that have detected burrowing owls.  Numbers of breeding burrowing owls detected in eastern Washington declined at a rate of 1.5% annually.  We suggest that all BBS routes that have detected burrowing owls in past years in eastern Washington be surveyed annually and additional surveys conducted to track population trends of burrowing owls at finer spatial scales in eastern Washington.  In the meantime, land management and regulatory agencies should ensure that publicly managed areas with breeding burrowing owls are not degraded and should implement education and outreach programs to promote protection of privately owned areas with breeding owls.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6701_Conway.pdf","usgsCitation":"Conway, C., and Pardieck, K., 2006, Population trajectory of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) in eastern Washington: Northwest Science, v. 80, no. 4, p. 292-297.","productDescription":"292-297","startPage":"292","endPage":"297","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16814,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.ag.arizona.edu/srnr/research/coop/azfwru/cjc/publications/Journal_Articles/Conway_and_Pardieck-2006-NW_Science_80_292-297.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"80","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67ca19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conway, C.J.","contributorId":33417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pardieck, K.L.","contributorId":41929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pardieck","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224740,"text":"5224740 - 2006 - A review of major storm impacts on coastal wetland elevations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:30","indexId":"5224740","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of major storm impacts on coastal wetland elevations","docAbstract":"Storms have long been recognized as agents of geomorphic change to coastal wetlands.  A review of recent data on soil elevation dynamics before and after storms revealed that storms affected wetland elevations by storm surge, high winds, and freshwater flushing of the estuary (inferred).  The data also indicate that measures of sediment deposition and erosion can often misrepresent the amount and even direction of elevation change because of storm influences on subsurface processes.  Simultaneous influence on both surface and subsurface processes by storms means that soil elevation cannot always be accurately estimated from surface process data alone.  Eight processes are identified as potentiatly influencing soil elevation: sediment deposition, sediment erosion, sediment compaction, soil shrinkage, root decomposition (following tree mortality from high winds), root growth (following flushing with freshwater, inferred), soil swelling, and lateral folding of the marsh root mat.  Local wetland conditions (e.g., marsh health, tide height, groundwater level) and the physical characteristics of the storm (e.g., angle of approach, proximity, amount of rain, wind speed, and storm surge height) were apparently important factors determining the storm's effect on soil elevation.  Storm effects on elevation were both permanent (on an ecological time scale) and short-lived, but even short-term changes have potentially important ecological consequences.  Shallow soil subsidence or expansion caused by a storm must be considered when calculating local rates of relative sea level rise and evaluating storm effects on wetland stability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries and Coasts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6702_Cahoon.pdf","usgsCitation":"Cahoon, D.R., 2006, A review of major storm impacts on coastal wetland elevations: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 29, no. 6, p. 889-898.","productDescription":"889-898","startPage":"889","endPage":"898","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16815,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.springerlink.com/content/u655147873785482/?p=642cc8737d1e4f59abac21de33b46397&pi=2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":202033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0fa8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":65424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224705,"text":"5224705 - 2006 - Comment on 'Are survival rates for northern spotted owls biased?'","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:33","indexId":"5224705","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on 'Are survival rates for northern spotted owls biased?'","docAbstract":"Loehle et al. recently estimated survival rates from radio-telemetered northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina (Merriam, 1898)) and suggested that survival rates estimated for this species from capture-recapture studies were negatively biased, which subsequently resulted in the negatively biased estimates of rates of population change (lambda) reported by Anthony et al.  (Wildl. Monogr. No. 163, pp. 1-47 (2006)).  We argue that their survival estimates were inappropriate for comparison with capture-recapture estimates because (i) the manner in which they censored radio-telemetered individuals had the potential to positively bias their survival estimates, (ii) their estimates of survival were not valid for evaluating bias, and (iii) the size and distribution of their radiotelemetry study areas were sufficiently different from capture-recapture study areas to preclude comparisons. In addition, their inferences of negative bias in rates of population change estimated by Anthony et al. were incorrect and reflected a misunderstanding about those estimators.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Reply by Loehle and Irwin see Canadian Journal of Zoology 84(9): 1380?1382 (2006)   6644_Franklin.pdf","usgsCitation":"Franklin, A., Nichols, J., Anthony, R., Burnham, K., White, G.C., Forsman, E., and Anderson, D., 2006, Comment on 'Are survival rates for northern spotted owls biased?': Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 84, no. 9, p. 1375-1379.","productDescription":"1375-1379","startPage":"1375","endPage":"1379","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16802,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://rparticle.web-p.cisti.nrc.ca/rparticle/AbstractTemplateServlet?journal=cjz&volume=84&year=2006&issue=9&msno=z06-129&calyLang=eng","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"84","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae6cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franklin, A.B.","contributorId":105667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anthony, R.G.","contributorId":107641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burnham, K.P.","contributorId":63760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Forsman, E.D.","contributorId":88324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forsman","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":8413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":5224701,"text":"5224701 - 2006 - Population trends and flight behavior of the American burying beetle, Nicrophorus americanus (Coleoptera: Silphidae), on Block Island, RI","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-15T17:04:17.629692","indexId":"5224701","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2356,"text":"Journal of Insect Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population trends and flight behavior of the American burying beetle, Nicrophorus americanus (Coleoptera: Silphidae), on Block Island, RI","docAbstract":"<p><span>The endangered American burying beetle,&nbsp;</span><i>Nicrophorus americanus</i><span>, was monitored on Block Island, RI, USA, from 1991–2003 using mark-recapture population estimates of adults collected in pitfall traps. Populations increased through time, especially after 1994 when a program was initiated that provided carrion for beetle production. Beetle captures increased with increasing temperature and dew point, and decreased with increasing wind speed. Short distance movement was not related to wind direction, while longer distance flights tended to be downwind. Although many individuals flew considerable distances along transects, most recaptures were in traps near the point of release. These behaviors probably have counterbalancing effects on population estimates.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10841-006-9001-5","usgsCitation":"Raithel, C., Ginsberg, H., and Prospero, M., 2006, Population trends and flight behavior of the American burying beetle, Nicrophorus americanus (Coleoptera: Silphidae), on Block Island, RI: Journal of Insect Conservation, v. 10, no. 4, p. 317-322, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-006-9001-5.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"322","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/pls_facpubs/161","text":"External Repository"},{"id":385657,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Block Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.63085937499999,\n              41.1290213474951\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.488037109375,\n              41.1290213474951\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.488037109375,\n              41.253032440653186\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63085937499999,\n              41.253032440653186\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63085937499999,\n              41.1290213474951\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682e83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raithel, C.J.","contributorId":96795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raithel","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ginsberg, H. S. 0000-0002-4933-2466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":27576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"H. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prospero, M.L.","contributorId":102597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prospero","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224661,"text":"5224661 - 2006 - Connectivity in an agricultural landscape as reflected by interpond movements of a freshwater turtle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:30","indexId":"5224661","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Connectivity in an agricultural landscape as reflected by interpond movements of a freshwater turtle","docAbstract":"Connectivity is a measure of how landscape features facilitate movement and thus is an important factor in species persistence in a fragmented landscape.  The scarcity of empirical studies that directly quantify species movement and determine subsequent effects on population density have, however, limited the utility of connectivity measures in conservation planning.  We undertook a 4-year study to calculate connectivity based on observed movement rates and movement probabilities for five age-sex classes of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) inhabiting a pond complex in an agricultural landscape in northern Virginia (U.S.A.).  We determined which variables influenced connectivity and the relationship between connectivity and subpopulation density.  Interpatch distance and quality of habitat patches influenced connectivity but characteristics of the intervening matrix did not.  Adult female turtles were more influenced by the habitat quality of recipient ponds than other age-sex classes.  The importance of connectivity on spatial population dynamics was most apparent during a drought.  Population density and connectivity were low for one pond in a wet year but dramatically increased as other ponds dried.  Connectivity is an important component of species persistence in a heterogeneous landscape and is strongly dependent on the movement behavior of the species.  Connectivity may reflect active selection or avoidance of particular habitat patches.  The influence of habitat quality on connectivity has often been ignored, but our findings highlight its importance.  Conservation planners seeking to incorporate connectivity measures into reserve design should not ignore behavior in favor of purely structural estimates of connectivity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"doi:  10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00355.x  6579_Bowne.pdf","usgsCitation":"Bowne, D., Bowers, M., and Hines, J., 2006, Connectivity in an agricultural landscape as reflected by interpond movements of a freshwater turtle: Conservation Biology, v. 20, no. 3, p. 780-791.","productDescription":"780-791","startPage":"780","endPage":"791","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16770,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118564161/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":202286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6998af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowne, D.R.","contributorId":59156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowne","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowers, M.A.","contributorId":78056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowers","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224654,"text":"5224654 - 2006 - Detrimental impacts of radiotransmitters on juvenile Louisiana Waterthrushes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5224654","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detrimental impacts of radiotransmitters on juvenile Louisiana Waterthrushes","docAbstract":"The Louisiana Waterthrush (waterthrush: Seiurus motacilla) is a forest-dwelling, Nearctic-Neotropical migratory passerine that nests along streams.  We attached radiotransmitters (0.6-0.8 g) to 12 nestling waterthrushes using snug, elastic loops.  At three nests, adult waterthrushes were videotaped removing radio-tagged young from the nest. In addition, we recovered nine radio-backpacks (with two still attached to the carcasses of nestlings) near nests within a few days after attaching transmitters.  Only one of 12 radio-tagged young was relocated more than 24 h after attaching the transmitter.  Thus, the method of transmitter attachment we used was not effective.  Using snug, nonelastic loops (e.g., nylon) for the harness may reduce the loss of transmitters, but may injure the skin as fledglings grow.  Other possible alternatives include (1) gluing the transmitter to skin on the back of nestlings, (2) capturing fledglings in mist nets and attaching transmitters a week or more after fledging by which time contour feathers have grown and the likelihood of a parent removing the transmitter may be reduced, or (3) attempting to monitor fledglings without attaching transmitters.  The success of the latter two alternatives would likely be enhanced by attaching transmitters to adults and then tracking them to locate their still-dependent fledglings.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6570_Mattsson.pdf","usgsCitation":"Mattsson, B., Meyers, J., and Cooper, R., 2006, Detrimental impacts of radiotransmitters on juvenile Louisiana Waterthrushes: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 77, no. 2, p. 173-177.","productDescription":"173-177","startPage":"173","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16765,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118728488/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"77","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66734a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattsson, B.J.","contributorId":82029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattsson","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyers, J.M.","contributorId":54307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, R.J.","contributorId":89077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}