Ringed seal (Pusa hispida) abundance in Spitsbergen, Svalbard, was estimated during the peak molting period via aerial, digital photographic surveys. A total of 9,145 images, covering 41.7%–100% of the total fast-ice cover (1,496 km2) of 18 different fjords and bays, were inspected for the presence of ringed seals. A total of 1,708 seals were counted, and when accounting for ice areas that were not covered by images, a total of 3,254 (95% CI: 3,071–3,449) ringed seals were estimated to be hauled out during the surveys. Extensive behavioral data from radio-tagged ringed seals (collected in a companion study) from one of the highest density fjords during the molting period were used to create a model that predicts the proportion of seals hauled out on any given date, time of day, and under various meteorological conditions. Applying this model to the count data from each fjord, we estimated that a total of 7,585 (95% CI: 6,332–9,085) ringed seals were present in the surveyed area during the peak molting period. Data on interannual variability in ringed seal abundance suggested higher numbers of seals in Van Keulenfjorden in 2002 compared to 2003, while other fjords with very stable ice cover showed no statistical differences. Poor ice conditions in general in 2002 probably resulted in seals from a wide area coming to Van Keulenfjorden (a large fjord with stable ice in 2002). The total estimated number of ringed seals present in the study area at the time of the survey must be regarded as a population index, or at least a minimum estimate for the area, because it does not account for individuals leaving and arriving, which might account for a considerable number of animals. The same situation is likely the case for many other studies reporting aerial census data for ringed seals. To achieve accurate estimates of population sizes from aerial surveys, more extensive knowledge of ringed seal behavior will be required.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00035.x","usgsCitation":"Krafft, B., Kovacs, K., Andersen, M., Aars, J., Lydersen, C., Ergon, T., and Haug, T., 2006, Abundance of ringed seals (Pusa hispida) in the fjords of Spitsbergen, Svalbard, during the peak molting period: Marine Mammal Science, v. 22, no. 2, p. 394-412, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00035.x.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"394","endPage":"412","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477285,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00035.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":197896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a3788","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krafft, B.A.","contributorId":38249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krafft","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kovacs, K.M.","contributorId":42319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovacs","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andersen, M.","contributorId":42320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aars, Jon","contributorId":91338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aars","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7238,"text":"Norwegian Polar Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":342216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lydersen, C.","contributorId":31494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lydersen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ergon, T.","contributorId":7801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ergon","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Haug, T.","contributorId":76429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haug","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":5224648,"text":"5224648 - 2006 - A new device to estimate abundance of moist-soil plant seeds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"5224648","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:29","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new device to estimate abundance of moist-soil plant seeds","docAbstract":"Methods to sample the abundance of moist-soil seeds efficiently and accurately are critical for evaluating management practices and determining food availability. We adapted a portable, gasoline-powered vacuum to estimate abundance of seeds on the surface of a moist-soil wetland in east-central Mississippi and evaluated the sampler by simulating conditions that researchers and managers may experience when sampling moist-soil areas for seeds. We measured the percent recovery of known masses of seeds by the vacuum sampler in relation to 4 experimentally controlled factors (i.e., seed-size class, sample mass, soil moisture class, and vacuum time) with 2-4 levels per factor. We also measured processing time of samples in the laboratory. Across all experimental factors, seed recovery averaged 88.4% and varied little (CV = 0.68%, n = 474). Overall, mean time to process a sample was 30.3 ? 2.5 min (SE, n = 417). Our estimate of seed recovery rate (88%) may be used to adjust estimates for incomplete seed recovery, or project-specific correction factors may be developed by investigators. Our device was effective for estimating surface abundance of moist-soil plant seeds after dehiscence and before habitats were flooded.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"6560_Penny.pdf","usgsCitation":"Penny, E., Kaminski, R., and Reinecke, K.J., 2006, A new device to estimate abundance of moist-soil plant seeds: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 34, no. 1, p. 186-190.","productDescription":"186-190","startPage":"186","endPage":"190","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16759,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2193%2F0091-7648%282006%2934%5B186%3AANDTEA%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abc39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Penny, E.J.","contributorId":7812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Penny","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaminski, R.M.","contributorId":53330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaminski","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reinecke, K. J.","contributorId":54537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224647,"text":"5224647 - 2006 - Waste rice for waterfowl in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:11","indexId":"5224647","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:29","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waste rice for waterfowl in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley","docAbstract":"Flooded rice fields are important foraging habitats for waterfowl in the lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV). Waste rice previously was abundant in late autumn (140?492 kg/ha), but early planting and harvest dates in recent years may have increased losses of waste rice during autumn before waterfowl arrive. Research in Mississippi rice fields revealed waste-rice abundance decreased 79?99% during autumns 1995?1996. To determine if this trend existed throughout the MAV, we used multistage sampling (MSS) to estimate waste-rice abundance during September?December 2000?2002. Averaged over years, mean abundance of waste rice decreased 71% between harvest ((x) over bar = 271.0 kg/ha, CV = 13% n = 3 years) and late autumn ( (x) over bar = 78.4 kg/ha, CV = 15% n = 3). Among 15 models formulated to explain variation in rice abundance among fields and across years, the best model indicated abundance of waste rice in late autumn differed between harvester types (i.e., conventional > stripper header) and was positively related to initial waste-rice abundance after harvest. Because abundance of waste rice in late autumn was less than previous estimates in all 3 years, we concluded that waterfowl conservationists have overestimated carrying capacity of rice fields for wintering waterfowl by 52?83% and recommend 325 duck-use days/ha (DUDs) as a revised estimate. We suggest monitoring advances in rice harvest dates to determine when new surveys are warranted and recommend increased management of moist-soil wetlands to compensate for decreased rice abundance.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6559_Stafford.pdf","usgsCitation":"Stafford, J., Kaminski, R., Reinecke, K.J., and Manley, S., 2006, Waste rice for waterfowl in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 1, p. 61-69.","productDescription":"61-69","startPage":"61","endPage":"69","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16758,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2193%2F0022-541X%282006%2970%5B61%3AWRFWIT%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"70","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fba81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stafford, J.D.","contributorId":37440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaminski, R.M.","contributorId":53330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaminski","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reinecke, K. J.","contributorId":54537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manley, S.W.","contributorId":13716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manley","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224649,"text":"5224649 - 2006 - Fish assemblage responses to water withdrawals and water supply reservoirs in Piedmont streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-14T15:11:25.174583","indexId":"5224649","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:29","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish assemblage responses to water withdrawals and water supply reservoirs in Piedmont streams","docAbstract":"Understanding effects of flow alteration on stream biota is essential to developing ecologically sustainable water supply strategies. We evaluated effects of altering flows via surface water withdrawals and instream reservoirs on stream fish assemblages, and compared effects with other hypothesized drivers of species richness and assemblage composition. We sampled fishes during three years in 28 streams used for municipal water supply in the Piedmont region of Georgia, U.S.A. Study sites had permitted average withdrawal rates that ranged from < 0.05 to > 13 times the stream’s seven-day, ten-year recurrence low flow (7Q10), and were located directly downstream either from a water supply reservoir or from a withdrawal taken from an unimpounded stream. Ordination analysis of catch data showed a shift in assemblage composition at reservoir sites corresponding to dominance by habitat generalist species. Richness of fluvial specialists averaged about 3 fewer species downstream from reservoirs, and also declined as permitted withdrawal rate increased above about 0.5 to one 7Q10-equivalent of water. Reservoir presence and withdrawal rate, along with drainage area, accounted for 70% of the among-site variance in fluvial specialist richness and were better predictor variables than percent of the catchment in urban land use or average streambed sediment size. Increasing withdrawal rate also increased the odds that a site’s Index of Biotic Integrity score fell below a regulatory threshold indicating biological impairment. Estimates of reservoir and withdrawal effects on stream biota could be used in predictive landscape models to support adaptive water supply planning intended to meet societal needs while conserving biological resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-005-0169-3","usgsCitation":"Freeman, M.C., and Marcinek, P., 2006, Fish assemblage responses to water withdrawals and water supply reservoirs in Piedmont streams: Environmental Management, v. 38, no. 3, p. 435-450, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-005-0169-3.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"435","endPage":"450","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16760,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/s00267-005-0169-3","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgiq","otherGeospatial":"northwest Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.62744140625,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -84.04541015625,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -84.04541015625,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -85.62744140625,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -85.62744140625,\n 33.578014746143985\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f22f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, Mary C. 0000-0001-7615-6923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":99659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marcinek, P.A.","contributorId":59152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marcinek","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224645,"text":"5224645 - 2006 - Addressing error in identification of Ambystoma maculatum (spotted salamanders) using spot patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:11","indexId":"5224645","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:29","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Addressing error in identification of Ambystoma maculatum (spotted salamanders) using spot patterns","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6557_Grant.pdf","usgsCitation":"Grant, E., and Nanjappa, P., 2006, Addressing error in identification of Ambystoma maculatum (spotted salamanders) using spot patterns: Herpetological Review, v. 37, no. 1, p. 57-60.","productDescription":"57-60","startPage":"57","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69965b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grant, E.H.C. 0000-0003-4401-6496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":87242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"E.H.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nanjappa, P.","contributorId":89247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nanjappa","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224683,"text":"5224683 - 2006 - Hierarchical models of animal abundance and occurrence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T13:14:18","indexId":"5224683","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2151,"text":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical models of animal abundance and occurrence","docAbstract":"Much of animal ecology is devoted to studies of abundance and occurrence of species, based on surveys of spatially referenced sample units. These surveys frequently yield sparse counts that are contaminated by imperfect detection, making direct inference about abundance or occurrence based on observational data infeasible. This article describes a flexible hierarchical modeling framework for estimation and inference about animal abundance and occurrence from survey data that are subject to imperfect detection. Within this framework, we specify models of abundance and detectability of animals at the level of the local populations defined by the sample units. Information at the level of the local population is aggregated by specifying models that describe variation in abundance and detection among sites. We describe likelihood-based and Bayesian methods for estimation and inference under the resulting hierarchical model. We provide two examples of the application of hierarchical models to animal survey data, the first based on removal counts of stream fish and the second based on avian quadrat counts. For both examples, we provide a Bayesian analysis of the models using the software WinBUGS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6616_Royle.pdf","usgsCitation":"Royle, J., and Dorazio, R., 2006, Hierarchical models of animal abundance and occurrence: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, v. 11, no. 3, p. 249-263.","productDescription":"249-263","startPage":"249","endPage":"263","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202046,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16786,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.amstat.org/doi/abs/10.1198/108571106X129153","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635b6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorazio, R.M. 0000-0003-2663-0468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":23475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224611,"text":"5224611 - 2006 - Toxicity and hazard of vanadium to mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and Canada geese (Branta canadensis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T16:46:33","indexId":"5224611","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2481,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Toxicity and hazard of vanadium to mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and Canada geese (Branta canadensis)","title":"Toxicity and hazard of vanadium to mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and Canada geese (Branta canadensis)","docAbstract":"A recent Canada goose (Branta canadensis) die-off at a petroleum refinery fly ash pond in Delaware was attributed to vanadium (V) toxicity. Because of the paucity of V toxicity data for wild birds, a series of studies was undertaken using the forms of V believed to have resulted in this incident. In 7-d single oral dose trials with mallard drakes (Anas platyrhynchos), the estimated median lethal dose (LD50) for vanadium pentoxide was 113 mg/kg body weight, while the LD50 for sodium metavanadate was 75.5 mg/kg. Sodium metavanadate was found to be even more potent (LD50 = 37.2 mg/kg) in male Canada geese. The most distinctive histopathological lesion of both forms of V was lympho-granulocytic enteritis with hemorrhage into the intestinal lumen. Vanadium accumulation in liver and kidney was proportional to the administered dose, and predictive analyses based on these data suggest that V concentrations of 10 μg/g dry weight (dw) in liver and 25 μg/g dw in kidney are associated with mortality (>90% confidence that exposure is >LD50) in mallards acutely exposed to sodium metavanadate. Chronic exposure to increasing dietary concentrations of sodium metavanadate (38.5 to 2651 ppm) over 67 d resulted in V accumulation in liver and kidney (25.2 and 13.6 μg/g dw, respectively), mild intestinal hemorrhage, blood chemistry changes, and evidence of hepatic oxidative stress in mallards, although some of these responses may have been confounded by food avoidance and weight loss. Dietary exposure of mallards to 250 ppm sodium metavanadate for 4 wk resulted in modest accumulation of V in liver and kidney (<5 μg/g dw) and mild intestinal hemorrhage. Based on these data and other observations, it is unlikely that chronic low-level dietary exposure to V poses a direct lethal hazard to wildlife. However, point sources, such as the V-laden fly ash pond encountered by geese at the petroleum refinery in Delaware, may pose a significant hazard to water birds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/15287390500398265","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B.A., McKernan, M.A., Eisenreich, K.M., Link, W., Olsen, G.H., Hoffman, D.J., Knowles, K., and McGowan, P.C., 2006, Toxicity and hazard of vanadium to mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and Canada geese (Branta canadensis): Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, v. 69, no. 4, p. 331-351, https://doi.org/10.1080/15287390500398265.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"351","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6280f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKernan, Moira A.","contributorId":33038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKernan","given":"Moira","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eisenreich, Karen M.","contributorId":52823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisenreich","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Link, William A. wlink@usgs.gov","contributorId":145491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William A.","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Knowles, K.A.","contributorId":67633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McGowan, Peter C.","contributorId":13867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGowan","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":342077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":5224678,"text":"5224678 - 2006 - Passive West Nile virus antibody transfer from maternal Eastern Screech-Owls (Megascops asio) to progeny","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T11:52:53","indexId":"5224678","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":948,"text":"Avian Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Passive West Nile virus antibody transfer from maternal Eastern Screech-Owls (Megascops asio) to progeny","docAbstract":"Transovarial antibody transfer in owls has not been demonstrated for West Nile virus (WNV). We sampled chicks from captive adult WNV-antibody-positive Eastern Screech-Owls (Megascops asio) to evaluate the prevalence of transovarial maternal antibody transfer, as well as titers and duration of maternal antibodies. Twenty-four owlets aged 1 to 27 days old circulated detectable antibodies with neutralizing antibody titers ranging from 20 to 1600 (median 1:40). Demonstrating that WNV antibodies are passively transferred transovarially is important for accurate interpretation of serologic data from young birds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Avian Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1637/7509-012606R1.1","collaboration":"6608_Hahn.pdf","usgsCitation":"Hahn, D., Nemeth, N., Edwards, E., Bright, P., and Komar, N., 2006, Passive West Nile virus antibody transfer from maternal Eastern Screech-Owls (Megascops asio) to progeny: Avian Diseases, v. 50, no. 3, p. 454-455, https://doi.org/10.1637/7509-012606R1.1.","productDescription":"454-455","startPage":"454","endPage":"455","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269156,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/prodabs/pubpdfs/6608_Hahn.pdf"},{"id":269155,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1637/7509-012606R1.1"}],"volume":"50","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688e3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hahn, D.C. 0000-0002-5242-2059","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2059","contributorId":46447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahn","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nemeth, N.M.","contributorId":72101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nemeth","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, E.","contributorId":107162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bright, P.R.","contributorId":60095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bright","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Komar, N.","contributorId":95031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Komar","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5224656,"text":"5224656 - 2006 - Phosphorus amendment reduces hepatic and renal oxidative stress in mallards ingesting lead-contaminated sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-15T20:27:34","indexId":"5224656","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2481,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phosphorus amendment reduces hepatic and renal oxidative stress in mallards ingesting lead-contaminated sediments","docAbstract":"Lead poisoning of waterfowl has been reported for decades in the Coeur d'Alene River Basin (CDARB) in Idaho as a result of the ingestion of lead-contaminated sediments. This study was conducted to determine whether the addition of phosphoric acid to CDARB sediments would reduce the bioavailability and toxicity of lead to the liver and kidney of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Mallards received diets containing 12% clean sediment (controls) or 12% sediment from three different CDARB sites containing 4520, 5390, or 6990 ug/g lead (dry weight) with or without phosphoric acid amendment. Liver and kidney lead concentrations were significantly higher in all CDARB treatment groups and ranged from geometric mean values of 18.2 (liver) and 28.7 (kidney) for the first 2 sites to 22.5 (liver) and 45.6 (kidney) ug/g (wet weight) for the third site. With amendments all liver lead concentrations were reduced 36 to 55%, and all kidney lead concentrations were lowered 54 to 73%. Unamended CDARB sediment from the third site resulted in the following hepatic effects: over 1.6-fold elevation of liver glutathione (reduced form; GSH) concentration, higher GSH S-transferase and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) reductase activities, and lower protein-bound thiols (PBSH) concentration. Renal effects included higher kidney GSH concentrations for all CDARB sites, with over 2.1-fold higher for the third site. Resulting kidney GSSG to GSH ratios were lower at two sites. At the third site, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity was elevated, and lipid peroxidation as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) was 1.7-fold greater. Amendment restored all hepatic variables as well as the renal variables TBARS and GGT so they did not differ from controls. Although amendments of phosphorus substantially reduced the bioavailability of lead and some of the adverse effects, lead concentrations in the tissues of mallards fed the amended sediments were still above those considered to be harmful to waterfowl under the present conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/00397910500360210","collaboration":"6573_Hoffman.pdf","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., Heinz, G.H., and Audet, D., 2006, Phosphorus amendment reduces hepatic and renal oxidative stress in mallards ingesting lead-contaminated sediments: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, v. 69, no. 11, p. 1039-1053, https://doi.org/10.1080/00397910500360210.","productDescription":"1039-1053","startPage":"1039","endPage":"1053","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269419,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397910500360210"}],"volume":"69","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686657","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Audet, D. J.","contributorId":38949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Audet","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224700,"text":"5224700 - 2006 - Monitoring for conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T22:40:12","indexId":"5224700","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3653,"text":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring for conservation","docAbstract":"Human-mediated environmental changes have resulted in appropriate concern for the conservation of ecological systems and have led to the development of many ecological monitoring programs worldwide. Many programs that are identified with the purpose of `surveillance? represent an inefficient use of conservation funds and effort. Here, we revisit the 1964 paper by Platt and argue that his recommendations about the conduct of science are equally relevant to the conduct of ecological monitoring programs. In particular, we argue that monitoring should not be viewed as a stand-alone activity, but instead as a component of a larger process of either conservation-oriented science or management. Corresponding changes in monitoring focus and design would lead to substantial increases in the efficiency and usefulness of monitoring results in conservation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2006.08.007","collaboration":"J.R. Platt. 1964. Strong inference. Science 146:347?353. 6633_Nichols.pdf","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., and Williams, B.K., 2006, Monitoring for conservation: Trends in Ecology and Evolution, v. 21, no. 12, p. 668-673, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2006.08.007.","productDescription":"668-673","startPage":"668","endPage":"673","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16796,"rank":200,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2006.08.007","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"21","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698c01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, B. Kenneth","contributorId":107798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98172,"text":"ofr20061260E - 2006 - Surficial Geologic Map of the Pocasset-Provincetown-Cuttyhunk-Nantucket 24-Quadrangle Area of Cape Cod and Islands, Southeast Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:05","indexId":"ofr20061260E","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1260","chapter":"E","title":"Surficial Geologic Map of the Pocasset-Provincetown-Cuttyhunk-Nantucket 24-Quadrangle Area of Cape Cod and Islands, Southeast Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The surficial geologic map layer shows the distribution of nonlithified earth materials at land surface in an area of 24 7.5-minute quadrangles (555 mi2 total) in southeast Massachusetts. Across Massachusetts, these materials range from a few feet to more than 500 ft in thickness. They overlie bedrock, which crops out in upland hills and as resistant ledges in valley areas. On Cape Cod and adjacent islands, these materials completely cover the bedrock surface. The geologic map differentiates surficial materials of Quaternary age on the basis of their lithologic characteristics (such as grain size and sedimentary structures), constructional geomorphic features, stratigraphic relations, and age. Surficial earth materials significantly affect human use of the land, and an accurate description of their distribution is particularly important for assessing water resources, construction aggregate resources, and earth-surface hazards, and for making land-use decisions. This work is part of a comprehensive study to produce a statewide digital map of the surficial geology at a 1:24,000-scale level of accuracy. This report includes explanatory text (PDF), quadrangle maps at 1:24,000 scale (PDF files), GIS data layers (ArcGIS shapefiles), metadata for the GIS layers, scanned topographic base maps (TIF), and a readme.txt file. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061260E","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Office of the State Geologist and Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs ","usgsCitation":"Stone, B.D., and DiGiacomo-Cohen, M.L., 2006, Surficial Geologic Map of the Pocasset-Provincetown-Cuttyhunk-Nantucket 24-Quadrangle Area of Cape Cod and Islands, Southeast Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1260, Report: iv, 19 p. ; Maps; GIS Files; TIFs; ReadMe, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061260E.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 19 p. ; Maps; GIS Files; TIFs; ReadMe","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13416,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1260/E/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -69.91666666666667,41.25 ], [ -69.91666666666667,42.916666666666664 ], [ -73.5,42.916666666666664 ], [ -73.5,41.25 ], [ -69.91666666666667,41.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a374","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Byron D. 0000-0001-6092-0798 bdstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6092-0798","contributorId":1702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Byron","email":"bdstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DiGiacomo-Cohen, Mary L.","contributorId":45253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiGiacomo-Cohen","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156293,"text":"70156293 - 2006 - Prediction of summer maximum and minimum temperature over the central and western United States: The roles of soil moisture and sea surface temperature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-09T12:12:12.928473","indexId":"70156293","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction of summer maximum and minimum temperature over the central and western United States: The roles of soil moisture and sea surface temperature","docAbstract":"A statistical model based on canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was used to explore climatic associations and predictability of June–August (JJA) maximum and minimum surface air temperatures (Tmax and Tmin) as well as the frequency of Tmax daily extremes (Tmax90) in the central and western United States (west of 90°W). Explanatory variables are monthly and seasonal Pacific Ocean SST (PSST) and the Climate Division Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) during 1950–2001. Although there is a positive correlation between Tmax and Tmin, the two variables exhibit somewhat different patterns and dynamics. Both exhibit their lowest levels of variability in summer, but that of Tmax is greater than Tmin. The predictability of Tmax is mainly associated with local effects related to previous soil moisture conditions at short range (one month to one season), with PSST providing a secondary influence. Predictability of Tmin is more strongly influenced by large-scale (PSST) patterns, with PDSI acting as a short-range predictive influence. For both predictand variables (Tmax and Tmin), the PDSI influence falls off markedly at time leads beyond a few months, but a PSST influence remains for at least two seasons. The maximum predictive skill for JJA Tmin, Tmax, and Tmax90 is from May PSST and PDSI. Importantly, skills evaluated for various seasons and time leads undergo a seasonal cycle that has maximum levels in summer. At the seasonal time frame, summer Tmax prediction skills are greatest in the Midwest, northern and central California, Arizona, and Utah. Similar results were found for Tmax90. In contrast, Tmin skill is spread over most of the western region, except for clusters of low skill in the northern Midwest and southern Montana, Idaho, and northern Arizona.
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","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10824000609480612","usgsCitation":"Finn, M.P., Usery, E.L., Scheidt, D.J., Jaromack, G.M., and Krupinski, T.D., 2006, An interface between the Agricultural Non-Point Source (AGNPS) pollution model and the ERDAS Imagine Geographic Information System (GIS): Geographic Information Sciences, v. 12, no. 1, p. 10-20, https://doi.org/10.1080/10824000609480612.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"20","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10824000609480612","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":399892,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, Michael P. 0000-0003-0415-2194 mfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0415-2194","contributorId":2657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Michael","email":"mfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Usery, E. 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2006 - Terrestrial vertebrates of tidal marshes: evolution, ecology, and conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:21","indexId":"5200312","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Terrestrial vertebrates of tidal marshes: evolution, ecology, and conservation","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies in Avian Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Camarillo, CA","collaboration":"Symposium held at USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland October 2002","usgsCitation":"2006, Terrestrial vertebrates of tidal marshes: evolution, ecology, and conservation: Studies in Avian Biology, no. 32, 339.","productDescription":"339","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db68509b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Greenberg, R.","contributorId":26778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenberg","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505868,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maldonado, J.E.","contributorId":81591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maldonado","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505870,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Droege, Sam 0000-0003-4393-0403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-0403","contributorId":64185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":505869,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDonald, M.V.","contributorId":105403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"M.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505871,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5200308,"text":"5200308 - 2006 - Distribution of mosquitoes in national park units of the northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5200308","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NER/NRTR-2006/050","title":"Distribution of mosquitoes in national park units of the northeastern United States","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","collaboration":" PDF on file: 6607_Lussier.pdf and 6607_Lussier.doc","usgsCitation":"Lussier, C., Ginsberg, H., and LeBrun, R., 2006, Distribution of mosquitoes in national park units of the northeastern United States: Technical Report NPS/NER/NRTR-2006/050, v, 26.","productDescription":"v, 26","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":92177,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nps.gov/nero/science/FINAL/NER_mosquitoes/NER_mosquitoes.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":202722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db6408dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lussier, C.M.","contributorId":12958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lussier","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ginsberg, H. 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Concentrations of many of these chemicals consistently exceeded thresholdor chronic-effects guidelines for the protection of aquatic life and often exceeded probable effects levels (PELs). Exceedance of PELs was dependent on the amount of total organic carbon in the sediments. Concurrent with the collection of sediment-quality data, white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) were evaluated for gross-external and internal-organ anomalies, whole-body burdens of chemical contaminants, and gut contents to determine prey. The histopathology of internal tissues of white sucker was compared to contaminant levels in fish tissue and bed sediment. Gut contents were examined to determine preferential prey and thus potential pathways for the bioaccumulation of chemicals from bed sediments. Male and female fish were tested separately. Lesions and other necroses were observed in all fish collected during both years of sample collection, indicating that fish in Rock Creek have experienced some form of environmental stress. No direct cause and effect was determined for chemical exposure and compromised fish health, but a substantial weight of evidence indicates that white sucker, which are bottom-feeding fish and low-order consumers in Rock Creek, are experiencing some reduction in vitality, possibly due to immunosuppression. Abnormalities observed in gonads of both sexes of white sucker and observations of abnormal behavior during spawning indicated some interruption in reproductive success.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey.","collaboration":" PDF on file: 6827_Miller.pdf 4.25 MB","usgsCitation":"Miller, C., Weyers, H., Blazer, V., and Freeman, M., 2006, Chemical and ecological health of white sucker (Catostomus Commersoni) in Rock Creek Park, Washington, D.C., 2003?04: Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5140., v, 37.","productDescription":"v, 37","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202878,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e489c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, C.V.","contributorId":41026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"C.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weyers, H.S.","contributorId":8592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weyers","given":"H.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, V. 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Such a motion stabilizes visual fields intermittently and could be critical for visual search; yet the time available for stabilization vs. forward thrust varies with walking speed. Whooping Cranes (Grus americana) are extremely tall birds that visually search the ground for seeds, berries, and small prey. We examined head movements in unrestrained Whooping Cranes using digital video subsequently analyzed with a computer graphical overlay. When foraging, the cranes walk at speeds that allow the head to be held still for at least 50% of the time. This behavior is thought to balance the two needs for covering as much ground as possible and for maximizing the time for visual fixation of the ground in the search for prey. Our results strongly suggest that in cranes, and probably many other bird species, visual fixation of the ground is required for object detection and identification. The thrust phase of the head-bobbing cycle is probably also important for vision. As the head moves forward, the movement generates visual flow and motion parallax, providing visual cues for distances and the relative locations of objects. The eyes commonly change their point of fixation when the head is moving too, suggesting that they remain visually competent throughout the entire cycle of thrust and stabilization.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Abstracts to XXIV International Ornithological Congress, Hamburg, 2006","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T., Kinloch, M., and Olsen, G.H., 2006, Head-bobbing behavior in foraging Whooping Cranes, chap. of Abstracts to XXIV International Ornithological Congress, Hamburg, 2006.","productDescription":"297","startPage":"59 (abs)","numberOfPages":"297","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a1c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, T.","contributorId":88061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kinloch, M.","contributorId":77270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinloch","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":331003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5211411,"text":"5211411 - 2006 - Atlantic Seaduck Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:14","indexId":"5211411","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:20","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Atlantic Seaduck Project","docAbstract":"Atlantic Seaduck Project is being conducted to learn more about the breeding and moulting areas of seaducks in northern Canada and more about their feeding ecology on wintering areas, especially Chesapeake Bay. Satellite telemetry is being used to track surf scoters wintering in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland and black scoters on migrational staging areas in New Brunswick, Canada to breeding and moulting areas in northern Canada. Various techniques used to capture the scoters included mist netting, night-lighting, and net capture guns. All captured ducks were transported to a veterinary hospital where surgery was conducted following general anaesthesia procedures. A PTT100 transmitter (39 g) manufactured by Microwave, Inc., Columbia, Maryland was implanted into the duck?s abdominal cavity with an external (percutaneous) antenna. Eight of the surf scoters from Chesapeake Bay successfully migrated to possible breeding areas in Canada and all 13 of the black scoters migrated to suspected breeding areas. Ten of the 11 black scoter males migrated to James Bay presumably for moulting. Updated information from the ARGOS Systems aboard the NOAA satellites on scoter movements was made accessible on the Patuxent Website. Habitat cover types of locations using GIS (Geographical Information Systems) and aerial photographs (in conjunction with remote sensing software) are currently being analyzed to build thematic maps with varying cosmetic layer applications. Many factors related to human population increases have been implicated in causing changes in the distribution and abundance of wintering seaducks. Analyses of the gullet (oesophagus and proventriculus) and the gizzard of seaducks are currently being conducted to determine if changes from historical data have occurred. Scoters in the Bay feed predominantly on the hooked mussel and several species of clams. The long-tailed duck appears to select the gem clam in greater amounts than other seaducks, but exhibits a diverse diet of other mollusks and crustaceans. Seaduck food habits in the Maritimes are decidedly different, where all three species of scoters feed extensively on the blue mussel. Understanding the feeding ecology of seaducks in wintering areas such as the Chesapeake Bay and the Maritimes will provide managers with a better understanding of the changes in the distribution and abundance of these ducks. Future studies will attempt to determine the effects of experimental diets varying in protein and energy levels on the physiology and behaviour of captive seaducks. An attempt will be made to determine if seaducks exhibit an endogenous rhythm in regard to body weight and condition during the winter. Foraging energetics in relation to different food sources found in the Chesapeake Bay will be measured in two large aquariums (dive tanks) with scoters and long-tailed ducks. The combined studies being conducted in the Atlantic Seaduck Project will greatly aid the conservation effort for seaducks presently being conducted throughout the world.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Waterbirds 2003. The 4th Conference of the Aquatic Birds Working Group of the Societas Internationalis Limnologiae (SIL)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":" PDF on file: 6877_Perry.pdf","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., 2006, Atlantic Seaduck Project, chap. of Limnology and Waterbirds 2003. 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