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1 km. This is therefore the most likely depth of the slow-slip events. We thank Cecily J. Wolfe for pointing out the error in the original Fig. 1.Findings are presented from investigations during 1996-1998 by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Ground-water quality in 58 wells downgradient of reclaimed surface coal mines is compared to ground-water quality from 25 wells in unmined areas (background concentrations) in the bituminous coal fields of the northern Appalachian coal region (high-sulfur coal region) in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and West Virginia and the central Appalachian coal region (low-sulfur coal region) in West Virginia. Ground water in the mined high-sulfur coal region has significantly greater median concentrations of sulfate, hardness, calcium, and specific conductance compared to the unmined high-sulfur coal region and to both mined and unmined areas in the low-sulfur coal region. Ground water in mined areas had median values of mine-drainage constituents (sulfate, iron, manganese, aluminum, hardness, calcium, magnesium, turbidity, and specific conductance) that were significantly greater than medians for wells in unmined areas. Mine-drainage constituents include cations such as calcium and magnesium that become elevated compared to levels in unmined areas because of exposure of acidic mine drainage to calcareous materials. The transport of pyrite-oxidation products from the mined site and subsequent neutralization reactions by calcareous materials at the mine site or along the flow path are likely processes that result in greater concentrations of mine-drainage constituents in mined areas compared to unmined areas. Mine-drainage constituents generally exceeded unmined-area background concentrations within about 500 feet of mined sites but were at or below background levels in wells more than 1,000 feet downgradient of mined sites. Concentrations of sulfate, hardness, and total dissolved solids were greatest at well depths of 50 to 150 feet but generally were less than background concentrations in wells deeper than 150 feet. Concentrations of iron, manganese, and aluminum exceeded background concentrations in many wells less than 150 feet deep.
In mined areas, median ground-water ages are nearly as old in hill locations as in valley locations. Older ground-water age correlates with increased distance from mined areas. The lack of significant correlation among mine-drainage-constituent concentrations, ground-water age, distance from mined areas, and topographic locations may be the result of factors such as (1) mixing of ground-water ages in wells open to fractures with variable depths, lengths, and interconnections; (2) disturbance of rock from blasting; and (3) variations in slope and terrain relief in the study area.
Leary Weber Ditch Basin, Hancock County, Indiana, is part of an Agricultural Chemicals: Source, Transport, and Fate study conducted by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Water-quality samples were collected in Leary Weber Ditch and in the major hydrologic compartments of the Leary Weber Ditch Basin during 2003 and 2004. Hydrologic compartments that contribute water and agricultural chemicals to Leary Weber Ditch are rain water, overland-flow water, soil water, tile-drain water, and ground water. Samples were analyzed for selected pesticides, nutrients, and major ions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds214","usgsCitation":"Baker, N.T., and Lathrop, T., 2006, Agricultural Chemicals in Leary Weber Ditch Basin, Hancock County, Indiana, 2003-04: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 214, 3 tables; 2 p. accompanying text, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds214.","productDescription":"3 tables; 2 p. accompanying text","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321220,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds214.GIF"},{"id":8814,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/214/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Hancock","otherGeospatial":"Leary Weber Ditch Basin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"724\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Hancock\",\"state\":\"IN\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.5774,39.9459],[-85.5759,39.8738],[-85.5969,39.8735],[-85.5968,39.786],[-85.6333,39.7862],[-85.6338,39.6987],[-85.6876,39.6987],[-85.7993,39.6993],[-85.913,39.6976],[-85.9518,39.6969],[-85.9541,39.8696],[-85.9379,39.87],[-85.9369,39.9272],[-85.8625,39.9286],[-85.8624,39.9436],[-85.5774,39.9459]]]}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6890c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, Nancy T. 0000-0002-7979-5744 ntbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7979-5744","contributorId":1955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Nancy","email":"ntbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lathrop, Timothy R. trlathro@usgs.gov","contributorId":4065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lathrop","given":"Timothy R.","email":"trlathro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79327,"text":"ds196 - 2006 - California GAMA program: Ground-water quality data in the northern San Joaquin Basin Study Unit, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T20:41:39.645215","indexId":"ds196","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"196","title":"California GAMA program: Ground-water quality data in the northern San Joaquin Basin Study Unit, 2005","docAbstract":"Growing concern over the closure of public-supply wells because of ground-water contamination has led the State Water Board to establish the Ground-Water Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. With the aid of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the program goals are to enhance understanding and provide a current assessment of ground-water quality in areas where ground water is an important source of drinking water. The Northern San Joaquin Basin GAMA study unit covers an area of approximately 2,079 square miles (mi2) across four hydrologic study areas in the San Joaquin Valley. The four study areas are the California Department of Water Resources (CADWR) defined Tracy subbasin, the CADWR-defined Eastern San Joaquin subbasin, the CADWR-defined Cosumnes subbasin, and the sedimentologically distinct USGS-defined Uplands study area, which includes portions of both the Cosumnes and Eastern San Joaquin subbasins.\r\n\r\nSeventy ground-water samples were collected from 64 public-supply, irrigation, domestic, and monitoring wells within the Northern San Joaquin Basin GAMA study unit. Thirty-two of these samples were collected in the Eastern San Joaquin Basin study area, 17 in the Tracy Basin study area, 10 in the Cosumnes Basin study area, and 11 in the Uplands Basin study area. Of the 32 samples collected in the Eastern San Joaquin Basin, 6 were collected using a depth-dependent sampling pump. This pump allows for the collection of samples from discrete depths within the pumping well. Two wells were chosen for depth-dependent sampling and three samples were collected at varying depths within each well. Over 350 water-quality field parameters, chemical constituents, and microbial constituents were analyzed and are reported as concentrations and as detection frequencies, by compound classification as well as for individual constituents, for the Northern San Joaquin Basin study unit as a whole and for each individual study area. Results are presented in a descending order based on detection frequencies (most frequently detected compound listed first), or alphabetically when a detection frequency could not be calculated. Only certain wells were measured for all constituents and water-quality parameters.\r\n\r\nThe results of all of the analyses were compared with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and California Department of Health Services (CADHS) Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs), Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels (SMCLs), USEPA lifetime health advisories (HA-Ls), the risk-specific dose at a cancer risk level equal to 1 in 100,000 or 10E-5 (RSD5), and CADHS notification levels (NLs). When USEPA and CADHS MCLs are the same, detection levels were compared with the USEPA standard; however, in some cases, the CADHS MCL may be lower. In those cases, the data were compared with the CADHS MCL.\r\n\r\nConstituents listed by CADHS as 'unregulated chemicals for which monitoring is required' were compared with the CADHS 'detection level for the purposes of reporting' (DLR). DLRs unlike MCLs are not health based standards. Instead, they are levels at which current laboratory detection capabilities allow eighty percent of qualified laboratories to achieve measurements within thirty percent of the true concentration. \r\n\r\nTwenty-three volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and seven gasoline oxygenates were detected in ground-water samples collected in the Northern San Joaquin Basin GAMA study unit. Additionally, 13 tentatively identified compounds were detected. VOCs were most frequently detected in the Eastern San Joaquin Basin study area and least frequently detected in samples collected in the Cosumnes Basin study area. Dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), a CADHS 'unregulated chemical for which monitoring is required,' was detected in two wells at concentrations greater than the DLR. Trihalomethanes\r\nwere the most frequently detected class of VOC constituents. Chloroform (trichloromethane) was the m","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds196","usgsCitation":"Bennett, G.L., Belitz, K., and Milby Dawson, B.J., 2006, California GAMA program: Ground-water quality data in the northern San Joaquin Basin Study Unit, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 196, xiv, 122 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds196.","productDescription":"xiv, 122 p.","numberOfPages":"136","temporalStart":"2004-10-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403320,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78292.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8815,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/196/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Basin Study Unit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.6845703125,\n 37.52715361723378\n ],\n [\n -120.421142578125,\n 37.52715361723378\n ],\n [\n -120.421142578125,\n 38.62545397209084\n ],\n [\n -121.6845703125,\n 38.62545397209084\n ],\n [\n -121.6845703125,\n 37.52715361723378\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9591","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, George L. V V 0000-0002-6239-1604 georbenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-1604","contributorId":1373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"George","suffix":"V","email":"georbenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L. V","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milby Dawson, Barbara J.","contributorId":57133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milby Dawson","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79328,"text":"fs20063092 - 2006 - Toxicity of Sodium Bicarbonate to Fish from Coal-Bed Natural Gas Production in the Tongue and Powder River Drainages, Montana and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:21","indexId":"fs20063092","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3092","title":"Toxicity of Sodium Bicarbonate to Fish from Coal-Bed Natural Gas Production in the Tongue and Powder River Drainages, Montana and Wyoming","docAbstract":"This study evaluates the sensitivity of aquatic life to sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), a major constituent of coal-bed natural gas-produced water. Excessive amounts of sodium bicarbonate in the wastewater from coal-bed methane natural gas production released to freshwater streams and rivers may adversely affect the ability of fish to regulate their ion uptake. The collaborative study focuses on the acute and chronic toxicity of sodium bicarbonate on select fish species in the Tongue and Powder River drainages in southeastern Montana and northeastern Wyoming.\r\n\r\nSodium bicarbonate is not naturally present in appreciable concentrations within the surface waters of the Tongue and Powder River drainages; however, the coal-bed natural gas wastewater can reach levels over 1,000 milligrams per liter. Large concentrations have been shown to be acutely toxic to native fish (Mount and others, 1997). In 2003, with funding and guidance provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks and the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a collaborative study on the potential effects of coal-bed natural gas wastewater on aquatic life. A major goal of the study is to provide information to the State of Montana Water Quality Program needed to develop an aquatic life standard for sodium bicarbonate. The standard would allow the State, if necessary, to establish targets for sodium bicarbonate load reductions.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20063092","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, Toxicity of Sodium Bicarbonate to Fish from Coal-Bed Natural Gas Production in the Tongue and Powder River Drainages, Montana and Wyoming (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3092, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063092.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3092.jpg"},{"id":8816,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3092/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db628048","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79329,"text":"sim2935 - 2006 - Surficial Geologic Map of the Tanacross B-4 Quadrangle, East-Central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:37","indexId":"sim2935","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2935","title":"Surficial Geologic Map of the Tanacross B-4 Quadrangle, East-Central Alaska","docAbstract":"The Tanacross B-4 1:63,360-scale quadrangle, through which the Alaska Highway runs, is in east-central Alaska about 100 mi west of the Yukon border. The surficial geologic mapping in the quadrangle is in support of the 'Geologic Mapping in support of land, resources, and hazards issues in Alaska' Project of the USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program. The Tanacross B-4 quadrangle contains parts of two physiographic provinces, the Yukon-Tanana Upland and the Northway-Tanana Lowland. The gently rolling hills of the Yukon-Tanana Upland, in the northern and eastern map area, rise to about 3,100 ft. The Northway-Tanana Lowland, in the western and southern map area, contains the westerly flowing Tanana River. Elevations along the floor of the lowland generally range between 1,540 and 1,700 ft. The dominant feature within the map is the Tok fan, which occupies about 20 percent of the map area. This large, nearly featureless fan contains a high percentage of volcanic clasts derived from outside the present-day drainage of the Tok River.\r\n\r\nThe map provides interpretations of the Quaternary surficial deposits and associated geologic hazards in this area of the upper Tanana valley. Because the map area is dominated by various surficial deposits, the map depicts 13 different Quaternary surficial units consisting of man-made, alluvial, colluvial, organic, lacustrine, and eolian deposits. Deposits shown on this map are generally greater than 1 m thick. The map is accompanied by a text containing unit descriptions incorporating information pertaining to material type, location, associated hazards, resource use (if any), and thickness.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sim2935","usgsCitation":"Carrara, P.E., 2006, Surficial Geologic Map of the Tanacross B-4 Quadrangle, East-Central Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2935, map, 41 by 26 inches; metadata file; data files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2935.","productDescription":"map, 41 by 26 inches; metadata file; data files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110686,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78351.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"78351"},{"id":192545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8817,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2006/2935/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"63360","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -143,63.25 ], [ -143,63.5 ], [ -142.5,63.5 ], [ -142.5,63.25 ], [ -143,63.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6855cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carrara, Paul E. pcarrara@usgs.gov","contributorId":1342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrara","given":"Paul","email":"pcarrara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79330,"text":"ofr20061121 - 2006 - Surface-Water Quantity and Quality of the Upper Milwaukee River, Cedar Creek, and Root River Basins, Wisconsin, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:20","indexId":"ofr20061121","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1121","title":"Surface-Water Quantity and Quality of the Upper Milwaukee River, Cedar Creek, and Root River Basins, Wisconsin, 2004","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission (SEWRPC), collected discharge and water-quality data at nine sites in previously monitored areas of the upper Milwaukee River, Cedar Creek, and Root River Basins, in Wisconsin from May 1 through November 15, 2004. The data were collected for calibration of hydrological models that will be used to simulate how various management strategies will affect the water quality of streams. The data also will support SEWRPC and Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District (MMSD) managers in development of the SEWRPC Regional Water Quality Management Plan and the MMSD 2020 Facilities Plan. These management plans will provide a scientific basis for future management decisions regarding development and maintenance of public and private waste-disposal systems.\r\n\r\nIn May 2004, parts of the study area received over 13 inches of precipitation (3.06 inches is normal). In June 2004, most of the study area received between 7 and 11 inches of rainfall (3.56 inches is normal). This excessive rainfall caused flooding throughout the study area and resultant high discharges were measured at all nine monitoring sites. For example, the mean daily discharge recorded at the Cedar Creek site on May 27, 2004, was 2,120 cubic feet per second. This discharge ranked ninth of the largest 10 mean daily discharges in the 75-year record, and was the highest discharge recorded since March 30, 1960. Discharge records from continuous monitoring on the Root River Canal near Franklin since October 1, 1963, indicated that the discharge recorded on May 23, 2004, ranked second highest on record, and was the highest discharge recorded since March 4, 1974.\r\n\r\nWater-quality samples were taken during two base-flow events and six storm events at each of the nine sites. Analysis of water-quality data indicated that most concentrations of dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, fecal coliform bacteria, chloride, suspended solids, nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved orthophosphorus, total copper, particulate mercury, dissolved mercury, particulate methylmercury, dissolved methylmercury, and total zinc were below U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and State of Wisconsin water-quality standards at all sites, with the exception of dissolved oxygen at the Kewaskum, Farmington, Root River Canal, Root River Racine, and Root River Mouth sites. Each of these sites had from several days to several weeks of daily average dissolved oxygen concentrations below the 5 milligrams per liter State of Wisconsin standard for aquatic life. The lowest dissolved oxygen concentrations were measured at the heavily urbanized Root River Mouth site in downtown Racine, Wisconsin, where elevated concentrations of ammonia may have contributed to oxygen consumption during oxidation of ammonia to nitrate. Additionally, the maximum concentrations of copper in several Root River samples exceeded draft USEPA Ambient Water-Quality Criteria (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2003) for acute toxicity to several species of aquatic organisms.\r\n\r\nSubstantial water-quality changes were not correlated with hydrologic changes at any of the nine sites. Base-flow water-quality was generally indistinguishable from that sampled during storm events. The sparsely developed upper Milwaukee River and Cedar Creek Basins had relatively low ranges of contamination for all laboratory-reported parameters. For all nine sites, the highest reported concentrations of chloride (216 mg/L), total phosphorus (0.627 mg/L), ortho-phosphorus (0.136 mg/L), nitrate plus nitrate (9.32 mg/L), and copper (38 ?g/L) were reported for samples collected at the Root River Canal site. The highest concentrations of fecal coliforms (3,600 colonies per 100 mL) and Escherichia coli (2,300 colonies per 100 mL) were reported in samples collected at Kewaskum. The highest concentrations of s","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061121","usgsCitation":"Hall, D.W., 2006, Surface-Water Quantity and Quality of the Upper Milwaukee River, Cedar Creek, and Root River Basins, Wisconsin, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1121, viii, 52 p.; 28 figs.; 14 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061121.","productDescription":"viii, 52 p.; 28 figs.; 14 tables","numberOfPages":"60","temporalStart":"2004-05-01","temporalEnd":"2004-11-15","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8819,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1121/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68acf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, David W.","contributorId":39362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79334,"text":"pp1729 - 2006 - Questa baseline and premining ground-water quality investigation 18. Characterization of brittle structures in the Questa Caldera and their potential influence on bedrock ground-water flow, Red River Valley, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-18T18:53:22.478344","indexId":"pp1729","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1729","title":"Questa baseline and premining ground-water quality investigation 18. Characterization of brittle structures in the Questa Caldera and their potential influence on bedrock ground-water flow, Red River Valley, New Mexico","docAbstract":"This report presents a field-based characterization of fractured and faulted crystalline bedrock in the southern portion of the Questa caldera and its margin. The focus is (1) the identification and description of brittle geological structures and (2) speculation on the potential effects and controls that these structures might have on the potential fluxes of paleo to present-day ground water in relation to natural or mining-related metal and acid loads to surface and ground water. The entire study area is pervasively jointed with a few distinctive patterns such as orthogonal, oblique orthogonal, and conjugate joint sets. Joint intensity, the number of joints measured per unit line length, is high to extreme. Three types of fault zones are present that include partially silicified, low- and high-angle faults with well-developed damage zones and clay-rich cores and high-angle, unsilicified open faults. Conceptually, the joint networks can be thought of as providing the background porosity and permeability structure of the bedrock aquifer system. This background is cut by discrete entities such as the faults with clay-rich cores and open faults that may act as important hydrologic heterogeneities. The southern caldera margin runs parallel to the course of the Red River Valley, whose incision has left an extreme topographic gradient at high angles to the river. Many of the faults and fault intersections run parallel to this assumed hydraulic gradient; thus, these structures have great potential to provide paleo and present-day, discrete and anisotropic pathways for solute transport within the otherwise relatively low porosity and permeability bedrock background aquifer system. Although brittle fracture networks and faults are pervasive and complex, simple Darcy calculations are used to estimate the hydraulic conductivity and potential ground-water discharges of the bedrock aquifer, caldera margin, and other faults in order to gain insight into the potential contributions of these features to the ground-water and surface-water flow systems. These calculations show that, because all of these features are found along the Red River in the Cabin Springs-Columbine Park-Goat Hill fan area, their combined effect increases the probability that the bedrock aquifer ground-water flow system provides discharge to the Red River along this reach.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1729","usgsCitation":"Caine, J.S., 2006, Questa baseline and premining ground-water quality investigation 18. Characterization of brittle structures in the Questa Caldera and their potential influence on bedrock ground-water flow, Red River Valley, New Mexico (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1729, v, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1729.","productDescription":"v, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192350,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415931,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78352.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8823,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/2006/1729/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Questa caldera, Red River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.6069,\n 36.75\n ],\n [\n -106.6069,\n 36.667\n ],\n [\n -106.35,\n 36.6667\n ],\n [\n -106.35,\n 36.75\n ],\n [\n -106.6069,\n 36.75\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a138","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caine, Jonathan S. 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":1272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79316,"text":"ofr20061215 - 2006 - Magnetotelluric Data, Rainier Mesa/Shoshone Mountain, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:20","indexId":"ofr20061215","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1215","title":"Magnetotelluric Data, Rainier Mesa/Shoshone Mountain, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","docAbstract":"Introduction: \r\nThe United States Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) at their Nevada Site Office (NSO) are addressing ground-water contamination resulting from historical underground nuclear testing through the Environmental Management (EM) program and, in particular, the Underground Test Area (UGTA) project.\r\n\r\nDuring 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the DOE and NNSA-NSO, collected and processed data from twenty-six magnetotelluric (MT) and audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) sites at the Nevada Test Site. The 2005 data stations were located on and near Rainier Mesa and Shoshone Mountain to assist in characterizing the pre-Tertiary geology in those areas. These new stations extend the area of the hydrogeologic study previously conducted in Yucca Flat. The MT data presented in this report will help refine what is known about the character, thickness, and lateral extent of pre Tertiary confining units. Subsequent interpretation will include a three dimensional (3 D) character analysis and a two-dimensional (2 D) resistivity model. The purpose of this report is to release the MT sounding data. No interpretation of the data is included here. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061215","usgsCitation":"Williams, J.M., Sampson, J.A., Rodriguez, B.D., and Asch, T., 2006, Magnetotelluric Data, Rainier Mesa/Shoshone Mountain, Nevada Test Site, Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1215, iii, 243 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061215.","productDescription":"iii, 243 p.","numberOfPages":"246","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":194890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8799,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1215/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6493bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Jackie M.","contributorId":11217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Jackie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sampson, Jay A.","contributorId":13939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sampson","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Asch, Theodore H.","contributorId":83617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asch","given":"Theodore H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79315,"text":"ofr20061250 - 2006 - A USGS Zonal Table for the Upper Cretaceous Middle Cenomanian--Maastrichtian of the Western Interior of the United States Based on Ammonites, Inoceramids, and Radiometric Ages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:15","indexId":"ofr20061250","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1250","title":"A USGS Zonal Table for the Upper Cretaceous Middle Cenomanian--Maastrichtian of the Western Interior of the United States Based on Ammonites, Inoceramids, and Radiometric Ages","docAbstract":"From the Introduction: \r\nThis provisional table is based mainly on the molluscan fossil record of the central and northern parts of the Western Interior of the United States. Some of the ammonite zones are known in Europe, such as Watinoceras devonense, Collignoniceras woollgari, Prionocyclus germari, Scaphites hippocrepis, Didymoceras stevensoni, and Didymoceras cheyennense, whereas more than one-half of the inoceramid zones are known also in Europe. A few of the ammonite zones are known from only a few localities, but the diagnostic species may occur in abundance. Among these are the zones of Acanthoceras granerosense, A. bellense, Dunveganoceras problematicum, Burroceras clydense, Watinoceras devonense, Collignoniceras praecox, and Scaphites mariasensis. All fossils listed in the table are in the national collection housed in Building 810 at the Federal Center, Denver, Colorado\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061250","usgsCitation":"Cobban, W., Walaszczyk, I., Obradovich, J.D., and McKinney, K.C., 2006, A USGS Zonal Table for the Upper Cretaceous Middle Cenomanian--Maastrichtian of the Western Interior of the United States Based on Ammonites, Inoceramids, and Radiometric Ages (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1250, ii, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061250.","productDescription":"ii, 45 p.","numberOfPages":"47","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":190631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8798,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1250/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd496de4b0b290850ef292","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cobban, William A.","contributorId":99529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobban","given":"William A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walaszczyk, Ireneusz","contributorId":49055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walaszczyk","given":"Ireneusz","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Obradovich, John D.","contributorId":84361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obradovich","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKinney, Kevin C. kcmckinney@usgs.gov","contributorId":3406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKinney","given":"Kevin","email":"kcmckinney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79318,"text":"sir20065268 - 2006 - Estimated Effects of Ground-Water Withdrawals on Streamwater Levels of the Pleasant River near Crebo Flats, Maine, July 1 to September 30, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:20","indexId":"sir20065268","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5268","title":"Estimated Effects of Ground-Water Withdrawals on Streamwater Levels of the Pleasant River near Crebo Flats, Maine, July 1 to September 30, 2005","docAbstract":"Surface-water data collected at two streamflow-gaging stations on the Pleasant River were analyzed to determine whether ground-water withdrawals from an irrigation well near the Pleasant River have affected streamflows. The relation between the stream-stage data from the two stations shows that stream stage on days when the well was pumped differs from stream stage on days with no pumping, indicating that short-term streamflow depletion occurred. The linear relation defining the relation of stage at the two gaging stations during periods of pumping is significantly different from the linear relation defining the relation of stage at the same two stations during periods of no pumping. The difference between the two linear relations was used to estimate how much short-term streamflow depletion is coincident with ground-water withdrawals. Estimated short-term streamflow depletion varies with stage and ranges from approximately 0.3 to 0.8 cubic feet per second; the relative short-term streamflow depletion ranges from approximately 1.7 to 10 percent.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065268","usgsCitation":"Dudley, R.W., and Stewart, G.J., 2006, Estimated Effects of Ground-Water Withdrawals on Streamwater Levels of the Pleasant River near Crebo Flats, Maine, July 1 to September 30, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5268, vi, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065268.","productDescription":"vi, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-07-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8803,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5268/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdcfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Gregory J. gstewart@usgs.gov","contributorId":870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Gregory","email":"gstewart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79317,"text":"ofr20061328 - 2006 - Reserve Growth in Oil Fields of West Siberian Basin, Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-28T16:20:39","indexId":"ofr20061328","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1328","title":"Reserve Growth in Oil Fields of West Siberian Basin, Russia","docAbstract":"Although reserve (or field) growth has proven to be an important factor contributing to new reserves in mature petroleum basins, it is still a poorly understood phenomenon. Limited studies show that the magnitude of reserve growth is controlled by several major factors, including (1) the reserve booking and reporting requirements in each country, (2) improvements in reservoir characterization and simulation, (3) application of enhanced oil recovery techniques, and (4) the discovery of new and extensions of known pools in discovered fields. Various combinations of these factors can affect the estimates of proven reserves in particular fields and may dictate repeated estimations of reserves during a field's life. This study explores the reserve growth in the 42 largest oil fields in the West Siberian Basin, which contain about 55 percent of the basin's total oil reserves.\r\n\r\nThe West Siberian Basin occupies a vast swampy plain between the Ural Mountains and the Yenisey River, and extends offshore into the Kara Sea; it is the richest petroleum province in Russia. About 600 oil and gas fields with original reserves of 144 billion barrels of oil (BBO) and more than 1,200 trillion cubic feet of gas (TCFG) have been discovered. The principal oil reserves and most of the oil fields are in the southern half of the basin, whereas the northern half contains mainly gas reserves.\r\n\r\nSedimentary strata in the basin consist of Upper Triassic through Tertiary clastic rocks. Most oil is produced from Neocomian (Lower Cretaceous) marine to deltaic sandstone reservoirs, although substantial oil reserves are also in the marine Upper Jurassic and continental to paralic Lower to Middle Jurassic sequences. The majority of oil fields are in structural traps, which are gentle, platform-type anticlines with closures ranging from several tens of meters to as much as 150 meters (490 feet). Fields producing from stratigraphic traps are generally smaller except for the giant Talin field which contains oil in Jurassic river-valley sandstones. Principal source rocks are organic-rich marine shales of the Volgian (uppermost Jurassic) Bazhenov Formation, which is 30-50 m (98- 164 feet) thick. Bazhenov-derived oils are mostly of medium gravity, and contain 0.8-1.3 percent sulfur and 2-5 percent paraffin. Oils in the Lower to Middle Jurassic clastics were sourced from lacustrine and estuarine shales of the Toarcian Togur Bed. These oils are medium to low gravity, with low sulfur (less than 0.25 percent) and high paraffin (commonly to 10 percent) contents.\r\n\r\nAmong the 42 fields analyzed for reserve growth, 30 fields are located in the Middle Ob region, which includes the Samotlor field with reserves of more than 25 BBO and the Fedorov field with reserves of about 5 BBO. Data used in the study include year of discovery, year of first production, annual and cumulative production, and remaining reserves reported by Russian reserve categories (A+B+C1 and C2) in January of each year. Correlation of these Russian resource categories to U.S. categories of the Society of Petroleum Engineers classification is complex and somewhat uncertain.\r\n\r\nReserve growth in oil fields of West Siberia was calculated using a newly developed Group Growth method, which requires that the total reserve (proven reserve plus cumulative production) of individual fields with an equal length of reserve record be added together starting with discovery year or the first production year. Then the annual growth factor (AGF), which is the ratio of total reserves of two consecutive years, is calculated for all years. Once AGFs have been calculated, the cumulative growth factor (CGF) is calculated by multiplying the AGFs of all the previous years. The CGF data are used to develop reserve growth models.\r\n\r\nThe West Siberian oil fields show a 13-fold reserve growth 20 years after the discovery year and only about a 2-fold growth after the first production year. This difference is attributed to extensive exploration and field delineation activities between the discovery and the first production years. Because of uncertainty in the length of evaluation time and in reported reserves during this initial period, reserve growth based on the first production year is more reliable for model development. However, reserve growth models based both on discovery year and first production year show rapid growth in the first few years and slower growth in the following years. In contrast, the reserve growth patterns for the conterminous United States and offshore Gulf of Mexico show a steady reserve increase throughout the productive lives of the fields. The different reserve booking requirements and the lack of capital investment for improved reservoir management and production technologies in West Siberian fields relative to U.S. fields are the probable causes for the difference in growth patterns.\r\n\r\nReserve growth models based on the first production year predict that the reserve growth potential in the 42 largest oil fields of West Siberia over a five-year period (1998-2003) ranges from 270-330 million barrels or 0.34-0.42 percent per year. For a similar five-year period (1996-2001), models for the conterminous United States predict a growth of 0.54-0.75 percent per year.\r\n\r\nThis abstract presents the contents of a poster prepared for the AAPG Hedberg Research Conference on Understanding World Oil Resources, November 12-17, 2006 - Colorado Springs, Colorado. A paper 'Reserve Growth in Oil Fields of West Siberian Basin, Russia' was published in Natural Resources Research, v. 12, no. 2, June, 2003.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061328","usgsCitation":"Verma, M., and Ulmishek, G.F., 2006, Reserve Growth in Oil Fields of West Siberian Basin, Russia (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1328, 96.0 x 42.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061328.","productDescription":"96.0 x 42.0 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8800,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1328/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":356881,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1328/pdf/of06-1328poster.pdf","text":"Poster","size":"11 MB"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db61126f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verma, Mahendra K. mverma@usgs.gov","contributorId":1027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verma","given":"Mahendra K.","email":"mverma@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ulmishek, Gregory F.","contributorId":48971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulmishek","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79319,"text":"ofr20061309 - 2006 - Sources of High-Chloride Water to Wells, Eastern San Joaquin Ground-Water Subbasin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:41","indexId":"ofr20061309","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1309","title":"Sources of High-Chloride Water to Wells, Eastern San Joaquin Ground-Water Subbasin, California","docAbstract":"As a result of pumping and subsequent declines in water levels, chloride concentrations have increased in water from wells in the Eastern San Joaquin Ground-Water Subbasin, about 80 miles east of San Francisco (Montgomery Watson, Inc., 2000). Water from a number of public-supply, agricultural, and domestic wells in the western part of the subbasin adjacent to the San Joaquin Delta exceeds the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level (SMCL) for chloride of 250 milligrams per liter (mg/L) (fig. 1) (link to animation showing chloride concentrations in water from wells, 1984 to 2004). Some of these wells have been removed from service. High-chloride water from delta surface water, delta sediments, saline aquifers that underlie freshwater aquifers, and irrigation return are possible sources of high-chloride water to wells (fig. 2). It is possible that different sources contribute high-chloride water to wells in different parts of the subbasin or even to different depths within the same well.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061309","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., Metzger, L.F., McPherson, K.R., Everett, R., and Bennett, G.L., 2006, Sources of High-Chloride Water to Wells, Eastern San Joaquin Ground-Water Subbasin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1309, 8 p., animation files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061309.","productDescription":"8 p., animation files","numberOfPages":"8","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":8804,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1309/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":190659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121,37 ], [ -121,38 ], [ -121,38 ], [ -121,37 ], [ -121,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7697","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Metzger, Loren F. 0000-0003-2454-2966 lmetzger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2454-2966","contributorId":1378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metzger","given":"Loren","email":"lmetzger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McPherson, Kelly R. 0000-0002-2340-4142 krmcpher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2340-4142","contributorId":1376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"Kelly","email":"krmcpher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Everett, Rhett R. 0000-0001-7983-6270 reverett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7983-6270","contributorId":843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Everett","given":"Rhett R.","email":"reverett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bennett, George L. V V 0000-0002-6239-1604 georbenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-1604","contributorId":1373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"George","suffix":"V","email":"georbenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L. V","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70176917,"text":"70176917 - 2006 - Corrigendum: Earthquakes triggered by silent slip events on Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-12T17:01:18","indexId":"70176917","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Corrigendum: Earthquakes triggered by silent slip events on Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"There was a plotting error in Fig. 1 that inadvertently displays earthquakes for the incorrect time interval. The location of earthquakes during the two-day-long slow-slip event of January 2005 are shown here in the corrected Fig. 1. Because the incorrect locations were also used in the Coulomb stress-change (CSC) calculation, the error could potentially have biased our interpretation of the depth of the slow-slip event, although in fact it did not. Because nearly all of the earthquakes, both background and triggered, are landward of the slow-slip event and at similar depths (6.5–8.5 km), the impact on the CSC calculations is negligible (Fig. 2; compare with Fig. 4 in original paper). The error does not alter our conclusion that the triggered events during the January 2005 slow-slip event were located on a subhorizontal plane at a depth of 7.5 1 km. This is therefore the most likely depth of the slow-slip events. We thank Cecily J. Wolfe for pointing out the error in the original Fig. 1.
In clay-rich sediment, microstructures and macrostructures influence how sediments deform when under stress. When lithology is fairly constant, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) can be a simple technique for measuring the relative consolidation state of sediment, which reflects the sediment burial history. AMS can reveal areas of high water content and apparent overconsolidation associated with unconformities where sediment overburden has been removed. Many other methods for testing consolidation and water content are destructive and invasive, whereas AMS provides a nondestructive means to focus on areas for additional geotechnical study. In zones where the magnetic minerals are undergoing diagenesis, AMS should not be used for detecting compaction state. By utilizing AMS in the Santa Barbara Basin, we were able to identify one clear unconformity and eight zones of high water content in three cores. With the addition of susceptibility, anhysteretic remanent magnetization, and isothermal remanent magnetization rock magnetic techniques, we excluded 3 out of 11 zones from being compaction disequilibria. The AMS signals for these three zones are the result of diagenesis, coring deformation, and burrows. In addition, using AMS eigenvectors, we are able to accurately show the direction of maximum compression for the accumulation zone of the Gaviota Slide.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006GC001378","usgsCitation":"Schwehr, K., Tauxe, L., Driscoll, N., and Lee, H., 2006, Detecting compaction disequilibrium with anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, v. 7, no. 11, Q11002, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GC001378.","productDescription":"Q11002, 18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gc001378","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":415177,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwehr, Kurt","contributorId":303912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwehr","given":"Kurt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tauxe, Lisa","contributorId":210311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tauxe","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Driscoll, Neal","contributorId":295723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Neal","affiliations":[{"id":38264,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Homa J. hjlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":1021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Homa J.","email":"hjlee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":868593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79313,"text":"sir20065080 - 2006 - Estimates of the loads of nitrite + nitrate in the flow of Bassett Creek to the Maryland Coastal Bays adjacent to Assateague Island National Seashore, water years 2003-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:39:00","indexId":"sir20065080","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5080","title":"Estimates of the loads of nitrite + nitrate in the flow of Bassett Creek to the Maryland Coastal Bays adjacent to Assateague Island National Seashore, water years 2003-2004","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065080","usgsCitation":"Dillow, J., and Raffensperger, J.P., 2006, Estimates of the loads of nitrite + nitrate in the flow of Bassett Creek to the Maryland Coastal Bays adjacent to Assateague Island National Seashore, water years 2003-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5080, iii, 10 p. : ill. (some col.), col. map ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065080.","productDescription":"iii, 10 p. : ill. (some col.), col. map ; 28 cm.","numberOfPages":"13","temporalStart":"2002-10-01","temporalEnd":"2004-09-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8826,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5080/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fca62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dillow, Jonathan J.A.","contributorId":18412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillow","given":"Jonathan J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raffensperger, Jeff P. 0000-0001-9275-6646 jpraffen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9275-6646","contributorId":199119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raffensperger","given":"Jeff","email":"jpraffen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79314,"text":"sir20065245 - 2006 - Cadmium risks to freshwater life: derivation and validation of low-effect criteria values using laboratory and field studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:21","indexId":"sir20065245","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5245","title":"Cadmium risks to freshwater life: derivation and validation of low-effect criteria values using laboratory and field studies","docAbstract":"In 2001, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released updated aquatic life criteria for cadmium. Since then, additional data on the effects of cadmium to aquatic life have become available from studies supported by the EPA, Idaho Department of Environmental Quality (IDEQ), and the U.S. Geological Survey, among other sources. Updated data on the effects of cadmium to aquatic life were compiled and reviewed and low-effect concentrations were estimated. Low-effect values were calculated using EPA's guidelines for deriving numerical national water-quality criteria for the protection of aquatic organisms and their uses. Data on the short-term (acute) effects of cadmium on North American freshwater species that were suitable for criteria derivation were located for 69 species representing 57 genera and 33 families. For longer-term (chronic) effects of cadmium on North American freshwater species, suitable data were located for 28 species representing 21 genera and 17 families. Both the acute and chronic toxicity of cadmium were dependent on the hardness of the test water. Hardness-toxicity regressions were developed for both acute and chronic datasets so that effects data from different tests could be adjusted to a common water hardness. Hardness-adjusted effects values were pooled to obtain species and genus mean acute and chronic values, which then were ranked by their sensitivity to cadmium. The four most sensitive genera to acute exposures were, in order of increasing cadmium resistance, Oncorhynchus (Pacific trout and salmon), Salvelinus ('char' trout), Salmo (Atlantic trout and salmon), and Cottus (sculpin). The four most sensitive genera to chronic exposures were Hyalella (amphipod), Cottus, Gammarus (amphipod), and Salvelinus. Using the updated datasets, hardness dependent criteria equations were calculated for acute and chronic exposures to cadmium. At a hardness of 50 mg/L as calcium carbonate, the criterion maximum concentration (CMC, or 'acute' criterion) was calculated as 0.75 mug/L cadmium using the hardness-dependent equation CMC = e(0.8403 ? ln(hardness)-3.572) where the 'ln hardness' is the natural logarithm of the water hardness. Likewise, the criterion continuous concentration (CCC, or 'chronic' criterion) was calculated as 0.37 mug/L cadmium using the hardness-dependent equation CCC = (e(0.6247 ? ln(hardness)-3.384)) ? (1.101672 - ((ln hardness) ? 0.041838))).\r\n\r\nUsing data that were independent of those used to derive the criteria, the criteria concentrations were evaluated to estimate whether adverse effects were expected to the biological integrity of natural waters or to selected species listed as threatened or endangered. One species was identified that would not be fully protected by the derived CCC, the amphipod Hyalella azteca. Exposure to CCC conditions likely would lead to population decreases in Hyalella azteca, the food web consequences of which probably would be slight if macroinvertebrate communities were otherwise diverse. Some data also suggested adverse behavioral changes are possible in fish following long-term exposures to low levels of cadmium, particularly in char (genus Salvelinus). Although ambiguous, these data indicate a need to periodically review the literature on behavioral changes in fish following metals exposure as more information becomes available. Most data reviewed indicated that criteria conditions were unlikely to contribute to overt adverse effects to either biological integrity or listed species. If elevated cadmium concentrations that approach the chronic criterion values occur in ambient waters, careful biological monitoring of invertebrate and fish assemblages would be prudent to validate the prediction that the assemblages would not be adversely affected by cadmium at criterion concentrations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065245","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Mebane, C.A., 2006, Cadmium risks to freshwater life: derivation and validation of low-effect criteria values using laboratory and field studies: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5245, viii, 130 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065245.","productDescription":"viii, 130 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"138","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2006_5245.jpg"},{"id":8796,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5245/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f97a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mebane, Christopher A. 0000-0002-9089-0267 cmebane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9089-0267","contributorId":110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mebane","given":"Christopher","email":"cmebane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79304,"text":"sir20065146 - 2006 - Magnitude and Frequency of Floods on Nontidal Streams in Delaware","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:07","indexId":"sir20065146","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5146","title":"Magnitude and Frequency of Floods on Nontidal Streams in Delaware","docAbstract":"Reliable estimates of the magnitude and frequency of annual peak flows are required for the economical and safe design of transportation and water-conveyance structures. This report, done in cooperation with the Delaware Department of Transportation (DelDOT) and the Delaware Geological Survey (DGS), presents methods for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods on nontidal streams in Delaware at locations where streamgaging stations monitor streamflow continuously and at ungaged sites. Methods are presented for estimating the magnitude of floods for return frequencies ranging from 2 through 500 years. These methods are applicable to watersheds exhibiting a full range of urban development conditions. The report also describes StreamStats, a web application that makes it easy to obtain flood-frequency estimates for user-selected locations on Delaware streams.\r\n Flood-frequency estimates for ungaged sites are obtained through a process known as regionalization, using statistical regression analysis, where information determined for a group of streamgaging stations within a region forms the basis for estimates for ungaged sites within the region. One hundred and sixteen streamgaging stations in and near Delaware with at least 10 years of non-regulated annual peak-flow data available were used in the regional analysis. Estimates for gaged sites are obtained by combining the station peak-flow statistics (mean, standard deviation, and skew) and peak-flow estimates with regional estimates of skew and flood-frequency magnitudes. Example flood-frequency estimate calculations using the methods presented in the report are given for: (1) ungaged sites, (2) gaged locations, (3) sites upstream or downstream from a gaged location, and (4) sites between gaged locations.\r\n Regional regression equations applicable to ungaged sites in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain Physiographic Provinces of Delaware are presented. The equations incorporate drainage area, forest cover, impervious area, basin storage, housing density, soil type A, and mean basin slope as explanatory variables, and have average standard errors of prediction ranging from 28 to 72 percent. Additional regression equations that incorporate drainage area and housing density as explanatory variables are presented for use in defining the effects of urbanization on peak-flow estimates throughout Delaware for the 2-year through 500-year recurrence intervals, along with suggestions for their appropriate use in predicting development-affected peak flows.\r\n Additional topics associated with the analyses performed during the study are also discussed, including: (1) the availability and description of more than 30 basin and climatic characteristics considered during the development of the regional regression equations; (2) the treatment of increasing trends in the annual peak-flow series identified at 18 gaged sites, with respect to their relations with maximum 24-hour precipitation and housing density, and their use in the regional analysis; (3) calculation of the 90-percent confidence interval associated with peak-flow estimates from the regional regression equations; and (4) a comparison of flood-frequency estimates at gages used in a previous study, highlighting the effects of various improved analytical techniques.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065146","usgsCitation":"Ries, K., and Dillow, J., 2006, Magnitude and Frequency of Floods on Nontidal Streams in Delaware: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5146, v, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065146.","productDescription":"v, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"62","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8792,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5146/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6494be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ries, Kernell G. III kries@usgs.gov","contributorId":1913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ries","given":"Kernell G.","suffix":"III","email":"kries@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dillow, Jonathan J.A.","contributorId":18412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillow","given":"Jonathan J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79303,"text":"sir20065140 - 2006 - Chemical and Ecological Health of White Sucker (Catostomus Commersoni) in Rock Creek Park, Washington, D.C., 2003-04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:21","indexId":"sir20065140","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5140","title":"Chemical and Ecological Health of White Sucker (Catostomus Commersoni) in Rock Creek Park, Washington, D.C., 2003-04","docAbstract":"Several classes of chemicals that are known or suspected contaminants were found in bed sediment in Rock Creek, including polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalate esters, organochlorine pesticides, dioxins and furans, trace metals and metalloids (mercury, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, silver, and zinc), and polychlorinated biphenyls (total PCBs and selected aroclors). Concentrations of many of these chemicals consistently exceeded threshold or chronic-effects guidelines for the protection of aquatic life and often exceeded probable effects levels (PELs).\r\n\r\nExceedance of PELs was dependent on the amount of total organic carbon in the sediments. Concurrent with the collection of sediment-quality data, white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) were evaluated for gross-external and internal-organ anomalies, whole-body burdens of chemical contaminants, and gut contents to determine prey. The histopathology of internal tissues of white sucker was compared to contaminant levels in fish tissue and bed sediment. Gut contents were examined to determine preferential prey and thus potential pathways for the bioaccumulation of chemicals from bed sediments. Male and female fish were tested separately. Lesions and other necroses were observed in all fish collected during both years of sample collection, indicating that fish in Rock Creek have experienced some form of environmental stress. No direct cause and effect was determined for chemical exposure and compromised fish health, but a substantial weight of evidence indicates that white sucker, which are bottom-feeding fish and low-order consumers in Rock Creek, are experiencing some reduction in vitality, possibly due to immunosuppression. Abnormalities observed in gonads of both sexes of white sucker and observations of abnormal behavior during spawning indicated some interruption in reproductive success.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065140","usgsCitation":"Miller, C.V., Weyers, H., Blazer, V., and Freeman, M.E., 2006, Chemical and Ecological Health of White Sucker (Catostomus Commersoni) in Rock Creek Park, Washington, D.C., 2003-04: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5140, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065140.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"43","temporalStart":"2002-10-01","temporalEnd":"2004-09-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2006_5140.jpg"},{"id":8818,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5140/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e4918","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Cherie V. 0000-0001-7765-5919 cvmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7765-5919","contributorId":863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Cherie","email":"cvmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weyers, Holly S. hsweyers@usgs.gov","contributorId":1457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weyers","given":"Holly S.","email":"hsweyers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freeman, Mary E.","contributorId":52290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79311,"text":"ofr20061233 - 2006 - Inventory of amphibians and reptiles at Death Valley National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:57","indexId":"ofr20061233","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1233","title":"Inventory of amphibians and reptiles at Death Valley National Park","docAbstract":"As part of the National Park Service Inventory and\r\nMonitoring Program in the Mojave Network, we conducted an\r\ninventory of amphibians and reptiles at Death Valley National\r\nPark in 2002-04. Objectives for this inventory were to: 1)\r\nInventory and document the occurrence of reptile and amphibian\r\nspecies occurring at DEVA, primarily within priority\r\nsampling areas, with the goal of documenting at least 90%\r\nof the species present; 2) document (through collection or\r\nmuseum specimen and literature review) one voucher specimen\r\nfor each species identified; 3) provide a GIS-referenced\r\nlist of sensitive species that are federally or state listed, rare,\r\nor worthy of special consideration that occur within priority\r\nsampling locations; 4) describe park-wide distribution of\r\nfederally- or state-listed, rare, or special concern species; 5)\r\nenter all species data into the National Park Service NPSpecies\r\ndatabase; and 6) provide all deliverables as outlined in the\r\nMojave Network Biological Inventory Study Plan. Methods\r\nincluded daytime and nighttime visual encounter surveys, road\r\ndriving, and pitfall trapping. Survey effort was concentrated\r\nin predetermined priority sampling areas, as well as in areas\r\nwith a high potential for detecting undocumented species. We\r\nrecorded 37 species during our surveys, including two species\r\nnew to the park. During literature review and museum specimen\r\ndatabase searches, we recorded three additional species\r\nfrom DEVA, elevating the documented species list to 40 (four\r\namphibians and 36 reptiles). Based on our surveys, as well\r\nas literature and museum specimen review, we estimate an\r\noverall inventory completeness of 92% for Death Valley and\r\nan inventory completeness of 73% for amphibians and 95%\r\nfor reptiles.\r\nKey Words: Amphibians, reptiles, Death Valley National\r\nPark, Inyo County, San Bernardino County, Esmeralda\r\nCounty, Nye County, California, Nevada, Mojave Desert,\r\nGreat Basin Desert, inventory, NPSpecies.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061233","usgsCitation":"Persons, T.B., and Nowak, E., 2006, Inventory of amphibians and reptiles at Death Valley National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1233, iv, 32 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061233.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":8795,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://sbsc.wr.usgs.gov/files/pdfs/ofr_2006-1233.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":191619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48ece4b07f02db55633e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Persons, Trevor B.","contributorId":96354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Persons","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nowak, Erika M.","contributorId":14062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"Erika M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79312,"text":"ofr20051298 - 2006 - Spatial and Temporal Migration Patterns of Neotropical Migrants in the Southwest Revealed by Stable Isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T13:43:47","indexId":"ofr20051298","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1298","title":"Spatial and Temporal Migration Patterns of Neotropical Migrants in the Southwest Revealed by Stable Isotopes","docAbstract":"Executive Summary\r\n\r\nWe used stable hydrogen isotopes (?D) to investigate both temporal and spatial patterns during spring migration for three warbler species, Wilson's Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla), MacGillivray's Warbler (Oporornis tolmiei), and Nashville Warbler (Vermivora ruficapilla), across multiple migration routes in southwest North America. A strong correlation between stable hydrogen isotope values of feathers and the local precipitation at sites where feathers where collected across the breeding range for all three species reaffirmed that stable hydrogen isotopes were a good predictor of breeding locations. For the Wilson's Warbler, we found a significant negative relationship between the date when warblers passed through the sampling station and ?D values of their feathers, indicating that warblers who bred the previous season at southern latitudes migrated through the migration stations earlier than did warblers that had previously bred at more northern latitudes. This pattern was consistent across their southwestern migration route (5 sites sampled) and was consistent between years. Comparing ?D values between migration stations also showed a shift towards more negative ?D values from the western to the eastern migration stations sampled in this study, which corresponded to different geographical regions of the Wilson's Warblers' western breeding range. For MacGillivray's Warbler we found the same temporal pattern as Wilson's Warbler, with warblers that bred the previous season at southern latitudes migrating through the migration stations earlier than warblers that had previously bred at more northern latitudes. This pattern was consistent at the Lower Colorado River and Arivaca Creek, the two sites where sample sizes were adequate to test these hypotheses. Comparison of the ?D between the two sites indicated that the majority of warblers migrating through these stations were breeding within a geographically limited area of MacGillivray's Warblers' overall breeding range. This is in contrast to the larger range of ?D values for Wilson's Warblers at these two sites, which corresponded to a broader area across their breeding range. Feathers were also collected across MacGillivray's Warblers' wintering range, and stable hydrogen isotope analysis indicated a significant positive relationship with wintering latitude. Because the ?D value of MacGillivray's Warblers' feathers reflects the ?D value of their breeding locations, with more negative values representing more northerly breeding latitudes, this positive relationship between feather ?D and wintering latitude indicated that warblers wintering at more southern latitudes bred at more northern latitudes. This supports a leapfrog migration system for MacGillivray's Warblers and is the first documentation of such a pattern. We did not find a temporal pattern to the spring migration of Nashville Warblers. This lack of temporal pattern could be due to the reduced size of the breeding and wintering ranges of Nashville Warblers, both of which could decrease the advantages of a temporal migration pattern. A small population of Nashville Warblers also breeds on the California coast and the sporadic nature of migration for Nashville Warblers in the southwest suggests that in some years more Nashville Warblers may winter along the California coast. The information in this study has increased our understanding of both spatial and temporal patterns of migration for three neotropical migrant birds and has important implications for understanding the ecology and evolution of migrants and factors influencing overall population dynamics.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051298","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Paxton, K.L., and van Riper, C., 2006, Spatial and Temporal Migration Patterns of Neotropical Migrants in the Southwest Revealed by Stable Isotopes (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1298, x, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051298.","productDescription":"x, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10313,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1298/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698691","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paxton, Kristina L. 0000-0003-2321-5090","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2321-5090","contributorId":41917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paxton","given":"Kristina","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":12981,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":289629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79310,"text":"ofr20061183 - 2006 - Using packrat middens to assess how grazing influences vegetation change in Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-17T14:20:32.324373","indexId":"ofr20061183","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1183","title":"Using packrat middens to assess how grazing influences vegetation change in Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Utah","docAbstract":"The fossil and sub-fossil plant macrofossils and pollen\r\ngrains found in packrat middens can serve as important proxies\r\nfor climate and vegetation change in the arid Southwestern\r\nUnited States. A new application for packrat midden research\r\nis in understanding post-settlement vegetation changes caused\r\nby the grazing of domesticated animals. This work examines\r\na series of 27 middens from Glen Canyon National Recreation\r\nArea (GLCA), spanning from 995 yr BP to the present, which\r\ndetail vegetation during the periods just prior to, and following,\r\nthe introduction of domesticated grazers. By comparing\r\nmiddens deposited before and after the start of grazing by\r\ndomesticated sheep and cattle, the effect on the native plant\r\ncommunities through time can be determined. This analysis of\r\nchange through time is augmented by measurements of change\r\nthrough space by contrasting contemporaneous middens from\r\nnearby similar grazed and ungrazed sites. These comparisons\r\nare only made possible by the presence of inaccessible\r\nungrazed areas surrounded by steep cliffs.\r\nMultivariate ordinations of the plant assemblages from\r\npackrat middens demonstrated that even though all middens\r\nwere selected from similar geologic substrates, soils, and\r\nvegetation type, their primary variability was site-to-site. This\r\nsuggests that selecting comparable grazed versus ungrazed\r\nstudy treatments would be difficult, and that two similar sites\r\nseveral kilometers apart should not be assumed to have been\r\nthe same prior to grazing without pre-grazing data. But, the\r\nchanges through time on grazed areas, as well as the differences\r\nbetween grazed and ungrazed areas in the diversity of\r\ncertain taxonomic groups, both suggest that grazing by domesticated\r\nungulates has had a noticeable effect on the vegetation.\r\nThe changes seen through time suggested that grazing lowered\r\nthe number of taxa recorded and lessened the pre-existing\r\ndifferences within sites, homogenizing the resultant plant\r\nassociations.\r\nLate Holocene pre-settlement middens, and modern\r\nmiddens from ungrazed areas, contained more native grasses, skunkbush sumac (Rhus trilobata), blackbrush (Coleogyne\r\nramosissima), winterfat (Krascheninnikovia lanata), Utah serviceberry\r\n(Amelanchier utahensis), and roundleaf buffaloberry\r\n(Shepherdia rotundifolia) than modern middens from grazed\r\nareas. Pollen data supported the macrofossil data, recording\r\ndecreases in pollen of the goosefoot family (Chenopodiaceae),\r\ngrass family (Poaceae), and globemallow (Sphaeralcea spp.)\r\nfrom pre- to post-settlement.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061183","usgsCitation":"Fisher, J.F., Cole, K.L., and Anderson, R.S., 2006, Using packrat middens to assess how grazing influences vegetation change in Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1183, vi, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061183.","productDescription":"vi, 55 p.","numberOfPages":"61","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194750,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8794,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1183/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Glen Canyon National Recreation Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.31204963537535,\n 37.7008801723826\n ],\n [\n -111.31204963537535,\n 37.12695480528001\n ],\n [\n -110.52613833423678,\n 37.12695480528001\n ],\n [\n -110.52613833423678,\n 37.7008801723826\n ],\n [\n -111.31204963537535,\n 37.7008801723826\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602e8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, Jessica F.","contributorId":84464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, Kenneth L.","contributorId":48533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, R. Scott","contributorId":47041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224706,"text":"5224706 - 2006 - Prevalence of Ehrlichia, Borrelia, and Rickettsial agents in Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from nine states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-04T21:03:57.207149","indexId":"5224706","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-01T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2385,"text":"Journal of Medical Entomology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Prevalence of Ehrlichia, Borrelia, and Rickettsial agents in Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from nine states","title":"Prevalence of Ehrlichia, Borrelia, and Rickettsial agents in Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from nine states","docAbstract":"Ambyomma antericanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae) is an aggressive tick that feeds on humans during all postembryonic life stages. In many regions of the United States, it is the tick most commonly found attached to humans. Public health interest has grown recently, due to the recognition of new human pathogens transmitted by A. antericanum and the expanding distribution of the tick. A. americanum is a vector of several bacteria pathogenic to humans. Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii cause moderate-to-severe febrile illness. 'Rickettsia amblyommii,' a member of the spotted fever group Rickettsia, also has recently been implicated as a possible human pathogen based on serologic evidence from persons recovering from illness after a tick bite. We have determined the prevalence of infection of Ehrlichia chaffeensis, E. ewingii, 'Borrelia lonestari,' and R. amblyommii within A. americanum ticks from 29 sites in nine states. Overall infection prevalences were 4.7% for E. chaffeensis (range, 0-27%), 3.5% for E. ewingii (range, 0-18.6%), 2.5% for B. lonestari (range, 0-12.2%), and 41.2% for R. amblyommii (range, 0-84.0%). In addition, 87 ticks (4.3%) were infected with two or more bacteria. This report documents new distribution records for E. ewingii, B. lonestari, and R. amblyommii and underscores the nonhomogeneous distribution of pathogen foci of infection. Additional surveillance throughout the range of A. antericanum is warranted to increase physician and public awareness of the risk of disease to humans from exposure to the agents transmitted by this tick.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jmedent/43.6.1261","usgsCitation":"Mixson, T., Campbell, S., Gill, J., Ginsberg, H.S., Reichard, M., Schultz, T., and Dasch, G., 2006, Prevalence of Ehrlichia, Borrelia, and Rickettsial agents in Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from nine states: Journal of Medical Entomology, v. 43, no. 6, p. 1261-1268, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/43.6.1261.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1261","endPage":"1268","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489991,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/pls_facpubs/162","text":"External Repository"},{"id":201867,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668fb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mixson, T.R.","contributorId":49489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mixson","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, S.R.","contributorId":15721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gill, J.S.","contributorId":76046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ginsberg, Howard S. 0000-0002-4933-2466 hginsberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":3204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"Howard","email":"hginsberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reichard, M.V.","contributorId":48286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichard","given":"M.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schultz, T.L.","contributorId":100505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dasch, G.A.","contributorId":33027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dasch","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70176671,"text":"70176671 - 2006 - Aerobiology and the global transport of desert dust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-26T09:09:23","indexId":"70176671","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3653,"text":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aerobiology and the global transport of desert dust","docAbstract":"Desert winds aerosolize several billion tons of soil-derived dust each year, including concentrated seasonal pulses from Africa and Asia. These transoceanic and transcontinental dust events inject a large pulse of microorganisms and pollen into the atmosphere and could therefore have a role in transporting pathogens or expanding the biogeographical range of some organisms by facilitating long-distance dispersal events. As we discuss here, whether such dispersal events are occurring is only now beginning to be investigated. Huge dust events create an atmospheric bridge over land and sea, and the microbiota contained within them could impact downwind ecosystems. Such dispersal is of interest because of the possible health effects of allergens and pathogens that might be carried with the dust.
The purpose of this research plan is to identify high-priority research goals and objectives and delineate the critical questions and information gaps that need to be addressed to provide natural-resource managers and policy- and decisionmakers with tools to effectively undertake restoration planning and adaptive management of the nearshore ecosystems of Puget Sound.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70179453","usgsCitation":"Gelfenbaum, G., Mumford, T., Brennan, J., Case, H., Dethier, M., Fresh, K., Goetz, F., van Heeswijk, M., Leschine, T.M., Logsdon, M., Myers, D., Newton, J., Shipman, H., Simenstad, C.A., Tanner, C., and Woodson, D., 2006, Coastal habitats in Puget Sound: A research plan in support of the Puget Sound Nearshore Partnership, IV., 44 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/70179453.","productDescription":"IV., 44 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332743,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound watershed ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 48.494767515307295\n ],\n [\n -123.55224609375,\n 48.228332127214934\n ],\n [\n -123.2391357421875,\n 48.29050321714062\n ],\n [\n -123.12377929687499,\n 48.436489955944154\n ],\n [\n -123.17321777343749,\n 48.46199462233164\n ],\n [\n -123.26660156249999,\n 48.69458640884518\n ],\n [\n -123.0084228515625,\n 48.777912755501845\n ],\n [\n -123.01391601562499,\n 48.84302835299516\n ],\n [\n -123.321533203125,\n 49.005447494058096\n ],\n [\n 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Guy","contributorId":79844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mumford, Tom","contributorId":177854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mumford","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brennan, Jim","contributorId":177855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brennan","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Case, Harvey","contributorId":177856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Case","given":"Harvey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dethier, Megan","contributorId":177857,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dethier","given":"Megan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fresh, Kurt","contributorId":177858,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fresh","given":"Kurt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Goetz, Fred","contributorId":177859,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goetz","given":"Fred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"van Heeswijk, Marijke heeswijk@usgs.gov","contributorId":1537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Heeswijk","given":"Marijke","email":"heeswijk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":657300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Leschine, Thomas M.","contributorId":177860,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leschine","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Logsdon, Miles","contributorId":177861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Logsdon","given":"Miles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Myers, Doug","contributorId":177862,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Myers","given":"Doug","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Newton, Jan","contributorId":19082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Jan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Shipman, 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