Introduction: Rangeland ponds are vital to the livelihoods of pastoral and agropastoral communities in Africa, providing an important source of water for livestock. However, sparse instrumentation across much of Africa makes it extremely challenging to monitor surface water availability in these areas. Model estimates of surface water, for example, as used by the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) Water Point Viewer, are one of the few operational tools available to monitor surface water stress across pastoral areas of the Sahel and East Africa.
Methods: Water availability data from these models are difficult to validate. New methods using satellite data to classify surface water provide an opportunity to assess the performance of these tools. This study compares water availability estimates derived from Landsat and Sentinel 1 satellite imagery to in situ observations and model simulations of water availability in 22 ephemeral ponds located in the Ferlo region of Senegal.
Results and discussion: The Active-Passive Water Classification (APWC) algorithm detected surface water at each location. Over 2022 and 2023, water was detected in pond locations annually at a frequency of 68.2% for all ponds and at a frequency of 43.8% for ponds with a surface area <10,000 square meters (m2). The APWC results outperform global and continental surface water datasets in the Ferlo region. Seasonal water availability was captured in 12 ponds over the 2022 and 2023 seasons. The 12 locations can function as sentinel ponds to monitor local water availability. Study results demonstrate the viability of satellite methods to assess water availability in the region, as well as the challenges to using satellite-based methods to estimate water availability in small ponds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2025.1320010","usgsCitation":"Slinski, K., Senay, G.B., Adoum, A., Shukla, S., McNally, A., Rowland, J., Fillol, E., Yatheendradas, S., Funk, C., Hoell, A., and Jasinski, M., 2025, In situ, modeled, and earth observation monitoring of surface water availability in West African rangelands: Frontiers in Water, v. 7, 1320010, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2025.1320010.","productDescription":"1320010, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-162900","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2025.1320010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":491802,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Senegal","otherGeospatial":"Ferlo Region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -16.125,\n 16.5\n ],\n [\n -16.125,\n 14.6667\n ],\n [\n -14,\n 14.6667\n ],\n [\n -14,\n 16.5\n ],\n [\n -16.125,\n 16.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slinski, Kimberly","contributorId":337030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slinski","given":"Kimberly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38788,"text":"NASA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adoum, Alkhalil","contributorId":357639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adoum","given":"Alkhalil","affiliations":[{"id":85483,"text":"University of California, Climate Hazards Center, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shukla, Shraddhanand","contributorId":224784,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shukla","given":"Shraddhanand","affiliations":[{"id":13549,"text":"UC Santa Barbara Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McNally, Amy","contributorId":331306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNally","given":"Amy","affiliations":[{"id":79185,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/SAIC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rowland, James 0000-0003-4837-3511 rowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":145846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"James","email":"rowland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fillol, Erwan","contributorId":357640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fillol","given":"Erwan","affiliations":[{"id":85484,"text":"Action Contre la Faim, Regional Office for West & Central Africa, Dakar, Senegal","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Yatheendradas, Soni","contributorId":217737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yatheendradas","given":"Soni","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39690,"text":"University of Maryland; NASA GSFC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Funk, Chris","contributorId":302160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Funk","given":"Chris","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hoell, Andrew","contributorId":331301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoell","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":79182,"text":"NOAA ESRL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Jasinski, Michael","contributorId":357641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jasinski","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":85485,"text":"NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center Department, Greenbelt, MD, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70268443,"text":"sir20255037 - 2025 - Using public participatory geographic information systems (PPGIS) to explore uses and values for Mojave Trails National Monument, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-26T17:02:22.739283","indexId":"sir20255037","displayToPublicDate":"2025-06-26T09:50:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-5037","displayTitle":"Using Public Participatory Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS) to Explore Uses and Values for Mojave Trails National Monument, California","title":"Using public participatory geographic information systems (PPGIS) to explore uses and values for Mojave Trails National Monument, California","docAbstract":"Many people ascribe a variety of values to public lands and waters, but some values are more difficult to assess and quantify than others. Public participatory geographic information systems (PPGIS) are tools that have been used to help quantify and map the public’s diverse values for a landscape. This work describes the first known Office of Management and Budget–approved use of PPGIS by a Department of the Interior bureau. The U.S. Geological Survey developed an internet-based application to aid in gathering PPGIS data, called Values Mapping for Planning in Regional Ecosystems (VaMPIRE). Further, this work describes the first pilot of the VaMPIRE application in coordination with the Bureau of Land Management to collect spatial data and other survey data regarding the public’s uses of and values for locations within Mojave Trails National Monument. We emailed the link to the VaMPIRE application to an interested party email list in 2024 with 207 valid emails and received 74 responses; we also received 47 responses from members of an off-roading social media group. Of the list of 16 value options, recreation was the most popular value for the monument, followed by wilderness and inspirational. Over 1,000 points were placed throughout the monument, indicating locations people use or value, with the locations spread throughout the entire monument. Additionally, most survey respondents stated their ability to receive benefits in locations they mapped would not change in response to a hypothetical scenario related to recreational facility development. This report describes exploratory results from the first use of the VaMPIRE tool in Mojave Trails National Monument and includes reflections on how the process went and considerations for future use of VaMPIRE.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255037","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","programNote":"Land Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Wilkins, E.J., Lindley, S.M., Rogers, K., Schuster, R., Hannon, M.T., Rowland, P.T., and Runnels, M.J., 2025, Using public participatory geographic information systems (PPGIS) to explore uses and values for Mojave Trails National Monument, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5037, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255037.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 27 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-168071","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491391,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5037/sir20255037.xml"},{"id":491390,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5037/images"},{"id":491394,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20255037/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2025-5037"},{"id":491306,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1423FLS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Values Mapping for Planning in Regional Ecosystems: Mojave Trails National Monument, California, 2024"},{"id":491303,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5037/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":491304,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5037/sir20255037.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.09 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2025-5037"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Trails National Monument","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.37203217608662,\n 35.235920982774275\n ],\n [\n -116.63385757611397,\n 35.235920982774275\n ],\n [\n -116.63385757611397,\n 34.05652997012804\n ],\n [\n -114.37203217608662,\n 34.05652997012804\n ],\n [\n -114.37203217608662,\n 35.235920982774275\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Fort Collins Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2150 Centre Ave., Bldg. C
Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118
The Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site (hereinafter referred to as “the site”) was formerly an oil refinery northeast of Bristow in Creek County, Oklahoma. Historical refinery operations contaminated the soil, surface water, streambed sediments, alluvium, and groundwater with refined and stored products at the site. The Wilcox and Lorraine process areas are where the highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace elements (including metals) (collectively hereinafter referred to as “contaminants”) were measured in a local shallow perched groundwater system within the alluvium (hereinafter referred to as the “alluvial aquifer”) at the site during previous site assessments. In order to understand the potential migration of contaminants through the soil and groundwater in these areas, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, investigated aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the site to (1) document hydraulic conductivity and other aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer that govern contaminant fate and transport, (2) describe the geospatial extent and concentration of the contaminants in the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas, and (3) describe the geochemical controls pertaining to oxidation and reduction governing the fate and transport and the degradation potential of contaminants in the groundwater. Various data were compiled and collected to evaluate the aquifer characteristics at the site including the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and hydraulic properties of the aquifer. A total of 20 new (2022) groundwater monitoring wells were installed at the site to collect data used to supplement groundwater-level altitude and groundwater-quality data collected from older, existing groundwater monitoring wells and piezometers. Data compiled and collected for the study were used to evaluate the characteristics of the alluvial aquifer at the site. These aquifer characteristics are defined by the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and hydraulic properties of the aquifer.
Director, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, TX 78754–4501
Contact Us- USGS Publications Warehouse
","tableOfContents":"Increasing fragmentation from constructed barriers, increased water use, and climate change limits the resiliency of stream fish metapopulations by reducing colonization. Management actions such as stocking or translocating fish may help contribute to the resilience of isolated habitats and increase redundancy of populations in intermittent stream networks. Our objective was to determine whether translocating fish into prairie headwater refuges could reestablish or supplement isolated populations.
We examined apparent survival and probability of detection of four native, small-bodied fishes that were translocated in 2022 and 2023 to prairie headwater refuges that were affected by a severe drought and experienced slow recovery of their fish assemblages. All the fish were marked with passive integrated transponder tags, allowing us to use a mark–recapture framework to track the fate of these fish.
Apparent survival was predicted by an interaction between time and translocation site, indicating an important consideration of environmental factors. Approximately one-quarter of the fish remained at site A through the summer of both years, whereas estimates were near zero at site B in both years and mixed across years at site C. The decreases in apparent survival probabilities following flow events suggest that fish may be emigrating during these periods of reconnection. During the lower flow year, more fish remained at the headwater sites and young-of-year fish were captured during long-term sampling, suggesting that the translocated fish reproduced.
The success of translocation projects will depend on a variety of factors, including management goals, habitat, and hydrology, but the initially high survival reported in this study is encouraging. Difficulties with examining the movement of small fish during hydrologic events limited our conclusions about the relative contributions of mortality and emigration to apparent survival estimates. Despite low yearly apparent survival, we found evidence of reproduction from translocated fish, suggesting that the reestablishment of a viable population is possible.
There are few studies on the extent to which waterfowl select plant food compared with what is available in wetland ecosystems. We used a new dataset on the presence of seeds in the alimentary canal or feces to identify flowering plant species whose seeds are ingested by North American ducks or geese. These data are a proxy for dispersal interactions because an important fraction of ingested seeds survives gut passage and is dispersed by endozoochory. We compared the plant traits of species whose seeds were ingested with those of species on the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Wetland Plants List (NWPL). Using a global dataset on plant form and function and chi-squared tests, we compared four categorical traits (moisture requirements, growth form, plant height, and seed mass) between species whose seeds are ingested by North American ducks and geese with the NWPL. Our analyses identified significant differences between the trait distributions of plants whose seeds were ingested by waterfowl guilds and those of the NWPL. Geese and ducks (except whistling ducks) ingested more aquatic and semiaquatic plant species than expected from the NWPL. All guilds except sea ducks ingested more herbaceous graminoids and fewer shrubs or trees than expected. Diving ducks interacted with fewer of the taller plants (>5 m) than expected, but otherwise plant height distributions did not differ from those expected. All waterfowl guilds ingested more species of intermediate seed size (1–10 mg) and fewer species of the smallest (<0.1 mg) or largest (>100 mg) size categories than expected. These results help to explain the role of the long-distance dispersal of seeds by migratory waterfowl in plant biogeography and how plant distributions are likely to respond to global change.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/plants14131964","usgsCitation":"Almeida, B.A., Costea, M., Silva, G.G., Maltchik, L., De La Cruz, S.E., Takekawa, J.Y., and Green, A.J., 2025, Trait-based selection of seeds ingested and dispersed by North American waterfowl: Plants, v. 14, no. 13, 1964, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14131964.","productDescription":"1964, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-180162","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14131964","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":494211,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"North America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.98935564630023,\n 66.79316322863721\n ],\n [\n -104.80966943364379,\n 10.699740032054962\n ],\n [\n -77.12368693753503,\n 23.768509613408824\n ],\n [\n -33.98703454355167,\n 66.79316322863721\n ],\n [\n -148.98935564630023,\n 66.79316322863721\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Almeida, Bia A.","contributorId":359722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Almeida","given":"Bia","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":85907,"text":"Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientifícas (CSIC)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Costea, Mihai","contributorId":169521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Costea","given":"Mihai","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25551,"text":"Dep't of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier U, Waterloo, Ontario","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Silva, Giliandro G.","contributorId":359723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silva","given":"Giliandro","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":85908,"text":"Federal University of Rio Grande","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maltchik, Leonardo","contributorId":347171,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maltchik","given":"Leonardo","affiliations":[{"id":83092,"text":"Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"De La Cruz, Susan E.W. 0000-0001-6315-0864","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6315-0864","contributorId":202774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De La Cruz","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.W.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":946149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y.","contributorId":359724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":36688,"text":"Suisun Resource Conservation District","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Green, Andy J.","contributorId":359725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Green","given":"Andy","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":85907,"text":"Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientifícas (CSIC)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70268271,"text":"sir20255043 - 2025 - Hydrogeology, water budget, and simulated groundwater availability in the Salt Fork Arkansas River and Chikaskia River alluvial aquifers, northern Oklahoma, 1980–2020","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-26T19:24:17.680372","indexId":"sir20255043","displayToPublicDate":"2025-06-25T12:32:42","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-5043","displayTitle":"Hydrogeology, Water Budget, and Simulated Groundwater Availability in the Salt Fork Arkansas River and Chikaskia River Alluvial Aquifers, Northern Oklahoma, 1980–2020","title":"Hydrogeology, water budget, and simulated groundwater availability in the Salt Fork Arkansas River and Chikaskia River alluvial aquifers, northern Oklahoma, 1980–2020","docAbstract":"The 1973 Oklahoma Groundwater Law (Oklahoma Statute §82–1020.5) requires that the Oklahoma Water Resources Board conduct hydrologic investigations of the State’s aquifers to determine the maximum annual yield for each groundwater basin. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board, conducted an updated hydrologic investigation of the Salt Fork Arkansas River and Chikaskia River alluvial aquifers in northern Oklahoma for the study period spanning 1980–2020 and evaluated the simulated effects of potential groundwater withdrawals on groundwater flow and availability in the Salt Fork Arkansas River alluvial aquifer. A hydrogeologic framework and conceptual model were developed to guide the development of a numerical model.
Three groundwater-availability scenarios were evaluated by using the calibrated numerical model, which was focused on the Salt Fork Arkansas River alluvial aquifer. These scenarios were used to (1) estimate equal-proportionate-share groundwater withdrawal rates, (2) quantify the potential effects of projected well withdrawals on groundwater storage over a 50-year period, and (3) simulate the potential effects of a hypothetical 10-year drought. The 20-, 40-, and 50-year equal-proportionate-share groundwater withdrawal rates for the Salt Fork Arkansas River alluvial aquifer under normal recharge conditions were about 0.63, 0.58, and 0.57 acre-foot per acre per year, respectively. Projected 50-year groundwater withdrawal scenarios were used to simulate the effects of modified well withdrawal rates. Because well withdrawals were less than 2 percent of the calibrated numerical-model water budget, changes to the well groundwater withdrawal rates had little effect on simulated Salt Fork Arkansas River base flows and groundwater storage in the Salt Fork Arkansas River alluvial aquifer. A hypothetical 10-year drought scenario was used to simulate the potential effects of a prolonged period of reduced recharge on groundwater storage. Groundwater storage at the end of the hypothetical drought period was 14.5 percent less than the groundwater storage of the calibrated numerical model without the simulated drought.
Director, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, TX 78754–4501
Contact Us- USGS Publications Warehouse
","tableOfContents":"To better understand changes in groundwater storage and groundwater elevations, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Rio Rancho, New Mexico, carried out a multiyear groundwater monitoring project. Groundwater-level data were collected at 27 locations, including sites having multiple wells screened at different depths and those having long-term records. A repeat microgravity network of 20 stations was established, and surveys were carried out three times per year. The microgravity method provides a direct, quantitative measurement of mass change caused by aquifer filling or draining. Data collected during the 2019–23 study period indicate generally stable groundwater conditions, with small fluctuations in groundwater levels (increasing at some wells, declining at others), and small declines in groundwater storage over the period of record at most gravity locations (average = −0.33 foot of water per year). The discrepancy between the water-level and microgravity data may have been caused by a loss of soil moisture in the unsaturated zone, which is as much as 1,000 feet thick in some areas. At the Rio Rancho Advanced Water Treatment Facility, where the city recharges water through direct injection, there may be seasonal correlations in storage related to injection but no longer-term accumulation of recharged water in the immediate vicinity of the facility, indicating water is moving efficiently into the aquifer.
Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd. NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113
Contact Us- USGS Publications Warehouse
","tableOfContents":"Environmental observation networks, such as AmeriFlux, are foundational for monitoring ecosystem response to climate change, management practices, and natural disturbances; however, their effectiveness depends on their representativeness for the regions or continents. We proposed an empirical, time series approach to quantify the similarity of ecosystem fluxes across AmeriFlux sites. We extracted the diel and seasonal characteristics (i.e., amplitudes, phases) from carbon dioxide, water vapor, energy, and momentum fluxes, which reflect the effects of climate, plant phenology, and ecophysiology on the observations, and explored the potential aggregations of AmeriFlux sites through hierarchical clustering. While net radiation and temperature showed latitudinal clustering as expected, flux variables revealed a more uneven clustering with many small (number of sites < 5), unique groups and a few large (> 100) to intermediate (15–70) groups, highlighting the significant ecological regulations of ecosystem fluxes. Many identified unique groups were from under-sampled ecoregions and biome types of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), with distinct flux dynamics compared to the rest of the network. At the finer spatial scale, local topography, disturbance, management, edaphic, and hydrological regimes further enlarge the difference in flux dynamics within the groups. Nonetheless, our clustering approach is a data-driven method to interpret the AmeriFlux network, informing future cross-site syntheses, upscaling, and model-data benchmarking research. Finally, we highlighted the unique and underrepresented sites in the AmeriFlux network, which were found mainly in Hawaii and Latin America, mountains, and at under-sampled IGBP types (e.g., urban, open water), motivating the incorporation of new/unregistered sites from these groups.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier B.V.","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110686","usgsCitation":"Reed, D., Chu, H., Peter, B.G., Chen, J., Abraha, M., Amiro, B., Anderson, R.G., Arain, M., Arruda, P., Barron-Gafford, G.A., Bernacchi, C., Beverly, D., Biraud, S., Black, T.A., Blanken, P.D., Bohrer, G., Bowler, R., Bowling, D., Bret-Harte, M., Bretfeld, M., Brunsell, N., Bullock, S., Celis, G., Chen, X., Classen, A., Cook, D., Cueva, A., Dalmagro, H.J., Davis, K.J., Desai, A., Duff, A., Dunn, A., Durden, D., Edgar, C.W., Euskirchen, E., Bracho, R., Ewers, B.E., Flanagan, L.B., Florian, C.R., Foord, V., Forbrich, I., Forsythe, B., Frank, J., Garatuza-Payan, J., Goslee, S., Gough, C.M., Green, M.B., Griffis, T., Helbig, M., Hill, A., Hinkle, R., Horne, J., Humphreys, E., Ikawa, H., Iwahana, G., Jassal, R., Johnson, B.K., Johnson, M.S., Kannenberg, S., Kelsey, E., King, J., Knowles, J.F., Knox, S., Kobayashi, H., Kolb, T., Kolka, R., Krauss, K., Kutzbach, L., Lamb, B.T., Law, B.E., Lee, S., Lee, X., Liu, H., Loescher, H.W., Malone, S.L., Matamala, R., Mauritz, M., Metzger, S., Meyer, G., Mitra, B., Munger, J., Nesic, Z., Noormets, A., O'Halloran, T., O'Keeffe, P., Oberbauer, S.F., Oechel, W., Oikawa, P., Olivas, P., Ouimette, A., Pastorello, G., Perez-Quezada, J., Phillips, C., Posse, G., Qu, B., Quinton, W.L., Reba, M.L., Richardson, A.D., Picasso, V., Rocha, A., Rodriguez, J., Ruzol, R., Saleska, S., Scott, R.L., Schreiner-McGraw, A.P., Schuur, E., Silveira, M., Sonnentag, O., Spittlehouse, D., Staebler, R., Starr, G., Staudhammer, C., Still, C., Sturtevant, C., Sullivan, R., Suyker, A., Trejo, D., Ueyama, M., Vargas, R., Viner, B., Vivoni, E.R., Wang, D., Ward, E.J., Wiesner, S., Windham-Myers, L., Yannick, D., Yepez, E., Zenone, T., Zhao, J., and Zona, D., 2025, Network of networks: Time series clustering of AmeriFlux sites: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 372, 110686, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110686.","productDescription":"110686, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-167572","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110686","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":491777,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"372","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, David E.","contributorId":349160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reed","given":"David E.","affiliations":[{"id":83451,"text":"School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chu, Housen","contributorId":330059,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chu","given":"Housen","affiliations":[{"id":78784,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA 94702, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peter, Brad G.","contributorId":192813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peter","given":"Brad","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chen, Jiquan","contributorId":330058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Jiquan","affiliations":[{"id":78783,"text":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Abraha, Michael","contributorId":357644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abraha","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":85486,"text":"Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Amiro, Brian","contributorId":357645,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amiro","given":"Brian","affiliations":[{"id":85487,"text":"Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T2N2, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anderson, Ray G.","contributorId":269952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Arain, M. Altaf","contributorId":357646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arain","given":"M. Altaf","affiliations":[{"id":85488,"text":"School of Earth, Environment and Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Arruda, Paulo","contributorId":357647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arruda","given":"Paulo","affiliations":[{"id":85489,"text":"Programa de Pós-Graduaçao em Física Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Barron-Gafford, Greg A.","contributorId":19058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barron-Gafford","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bernacchi, Carl","contributorId":266085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernacchi","given":"Carl","affiliations":[{"id":54883,"text":"USDA ARS GCPRU, 1201 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Beverly, Daniel P.","contributorId":357648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beverly","given":"Daniel P.","affiliations":[{"id":85490,"text":"Paul O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, University of Indiana, Bloomington, IN, USA 47405","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Biraud, Sebastien C.","contributorId":357649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Biraud","given":"Sebastien C.","affiliations":[{"id":85491,"text":"Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, 94702, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Black, T. Andrew","contributorId":192437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Black","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Blanken, Peter D.","contributorId":189305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blanken","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Bohrer, Gil 0000-0002-9209-9540","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9209-9540","contributorId":217401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohrer","given":"Gil","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18155,"text":"The Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Bowler, Rebecca","contributorId":357650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowler","given":"Rebecca","affiliations":[{"id":85492,"text":"British Columbia Ministry of Forests. 499 George St. Prince George, BC, Canada. V2L 1R5","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Bowling, David R.","contributorId":357651,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowling","given":"David R.","affiliations":[{"id":85493,"text":"School Of Biological Sciences, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia","contributorId":201219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bret-Harte","given":"M. Syndonia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Bretfeld, Mario","contributorId":357652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bretfeld","given":"Mario","affiliations":[{"id":85494,"text":"Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Brunsell, Nathaniel A.","contributorId":357653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brunsell","given":"Nathaniel A.","affiliations":[{"id":85495,"text":"Dept of Geography and Atmospheric Science, University of Kansas, 1475 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS, 66044, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Bullock, Stephen H.","contributorId":357654,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bullock","given":"Stephen H.","affiliations":[{"id":85496,"text":"Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y de Educacion Superior de Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Celis, Gerardo","contributorId":200152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Celis","given":"Gerardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Chen, Xingyuan","contributorId":300626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Xingyuan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27560,"text":"PNNL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Classen, Aimee T.","contributorId":357655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Classen","given":"Aimee T.","affiliations":[{"id":85497,"text":"The University of Michigan Biological Station, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Cook, David R.","contributorId":357656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"David R.","affiliations":[{"id":85498,"text":"Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, IL-60439","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Cueva, Alejandro","contributorId":355127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cueva","given":"Alejandro","affiliations":[{"id":84714,"text":"El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Departemento de Ecosistema Ecologico, San Cristobal, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Dalmagro, Higo J.","contributorId":299783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dalmagro","given":"Higo","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":54810,"text":"Universidade de Cuiaba","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Davis, Kenneth J.","contributorId":192617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Desai, Ankur","contributorId":330060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Desai","given":"Ankur","affiliations":[{"id":78785,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Duff, Alison J.","contributorId":357657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duff","given":"Alison J.","affiliations":[{"id":85499,"text":"US Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI 53706","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Dunn, Allison L.","contributorId":357658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunn","given":"Allison L.","affiliations":[{"id":85500,"text":"Department of Earth, Environment, and Physics, Worcester State University, Worcester, MA, 01602, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Durden, David","contributorId":357659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Durden","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":85501,"text":"NEON Program, Battelle, 1685 38th Street, Boulder, CO 80301, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Edgar, Colin W. 0000-0002-7026-8358","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7026-8358","contributorId":260621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edgar","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Euskirchen, Eugenie","contributorId":330061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Euskirchen","given":"Eugenie","affiliations":[{"id":78786,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA 99775","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35},{"text":"Bracho, Rosvel","contributorId":178289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bracho","given":"Rosvel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":36},{"text":"Ewers, Brent E.","contributorId":199443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ewers","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":37},{"text":"Flanagan, Lawrence B.","contributorId":146690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flanagan","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":38},{"text":"Florian, Christopher R.","contributorId":288289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Florian","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36621,"text":"University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":39},{"text":"Foord, Vanessa","contributorId":357660,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foord","given":"Vanessa","affiliations":[{"id":85492,"text":"British Columbia Ministry of Forests. 499 George St. Prince George, BC, Canada. V2L 1R5","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":40},{"text":"Forbrich, Inke","contributorId":332217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forbrich","given":"Inke","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79417,"text":"Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":41},{"text":"Forsythe, Brandon R.","contributorId":357661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forsythe","given":"Brandon R.","affiliations":[{"id":85502,"text":"Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":42},{"text":"Frank, John","contributorId":357662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frank","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":85503,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":43},{"text":"Garatuza-Payan, Jaime","contributorId":357663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garatuza-Payan","given":"Jaime","affiliations":[{"id":85504,"text":"Ciencias de Agua y Medio Ambiente, 818 Sur, Col. Centro Cd. Obregon, Sonora, Mexico 85000","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":44},{"text":"Goslee, Sarah","contributorId":357664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goslee","given":"Sarah","affiliations":[{"id":85505,"text":"USDA Agricultural Research Service Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, University Park, PA 16802","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":45},{"text":"Gough, Christopher M.","contributorId":222555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gough","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":46},{"text":"Green, Mark B.","contributorId":210122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Green","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":38071,"text":"Associate Professor, Center for the Environment, Plymouth State University, Plymouth NH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":47},{"text":"Griffis, Timothy","contributorId":330063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Griffis","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[{"id":78787,"text":"University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":48},{"text":"Helbig, Manuel","contributorId":330064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helbig","given":"Manuel","affiliations":[{"id":78788,"text":"Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":49},{"text":"Hill, Andrew C.","contributorId":166746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hill","given":"Andrew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":50},{"text":"Hinkle, Ross","contributorId":201326,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinkle","given":"Ross","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":51},{"text":"Horne, Jason","contributorId":357665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horne","given":"Jason","affiliations":[{"id":85502,"text":"Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":52},{"text":"Humphreys, Elyn","contributorId":357666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Humphreys","given":"Elyn","affiliations":[{"id":85506,"text":"Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":53},{"text":"Ikawa, Hiroki","contributorId":357667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ikawa","given":"Hiroki","affiliations":[{"id":85507,"text":"Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Sapporo, 0628555, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":54},{"text":"Iwahana, Go 0000-0003-4628-1074","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4628-1074","contributorId":208638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iwahana","given":"Go","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37850,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, UNITED STATES","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":55},{"text":"Jassal, Rachhpal","contributorId":357668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jassal","given":"Rachhpal","affiliations":[{"id":85508,"text":"Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":56},{"text":"Johnson, Bruce K.","contributorId":204502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":57},{"text":"Johnson, Mark S.","contributorId":246035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Mark","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":39312,"text":"U.S. EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":58},{"text":"Kannenberg, Steven A.","contributorId":349157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kannenberg","given":"Steven A.","affiliations":[{"id":83448,"text":"Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":59},{"text":"Kelsey, Eric","contributorId":357669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelsey","given":"Eric","affiliations":[{"id":85509,"text":"Judd Gregg Meteorology Institute, Plymouth State University, Plymouth, NH 03264","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":60},{"text":"King, John","contributorId":330068,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":78791,"text":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":61},{"text":"Knowles, John F.","contributorId":203853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knowles","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13693,"text":"University of Colorado Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":62},{"text":"Knox, Sara","contributorId":329966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knox","given":"Sara","affiliations":[{"id":36972,"text":"University of British Columbia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":63},{"text":"Kobayashi, Hideki","contributorId":167247,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kobayashi","given":"Hideki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24659,"text":"JAMSTEC, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":64},{"text":"Kolb, Thomas","contributorId":174381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kolb","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":65},{"text":"Kolka, Randy","contributorId":346726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kolka","given":"Randy","affiliations":[{"id":36493,"text":"USDA Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":66},{"text":"Krauss, Ken 0000-0003-2195-0729","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":222378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":67},{"text":"Kutzbach, Lars","contributorId":217417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kutzbach","given":"Lars","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39625,"text":"Universität Hamburg","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":68},{"text":"Lamb, Brian T.","contributorId":211092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lamb","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":38178,"text":"City College of New York","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":69},{"text":"Law, Beverly E.","contributorId":222527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Law","given":"Beverly","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":70},{"text":"Lee, Sung-Ching","contributorId":357670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Sung-Ching","affiliations":[{"id":85510,"text":"Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":71},{"text":"Lee, Xuhui","contributorId":357671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Xuhui","affiliations":[{"id":85511,"text":"Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":72},{"text":"Liu, Heping","contributorId":192024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Heping","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":73},{"text":"Loescher, Henry W.","contributorId":146136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loescher","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16596,"text":"National Ecological Observatory Network Inc and Institute of Alpine and Arctic Research, University of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":74},{"text":"Malone, Sparkle L.","contributorId":332215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malone","given":"Sparkle","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37550,"text":"Yale University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":75},{"text":"Matamala, Roser","contributorId":357672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matamala","given":"Roser","affiliations":[{"id":85512,"text":"Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, IL 60439","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":76},{"text":"Mauritz, Marguerite 0000-0001-8733-9119","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8733-9119","contributorId":260925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mauritz","given":"Marguerite","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52721,"text":"University of Texas, at El Paso. Biological Sciences, 500 W University, El Paso TX 79902","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":77},{"text":"Metzger, Stefan","contributorId":357673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Metzger","given":"Stefan","affiliations":[{"id":85513,"text":"AtmoFacts, Longmont, CO 80503, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":78},{"text":"Meyer, Gesa","contributorId":357674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer","given":"Gesa","affiliations":[{"id":85514,"text":"Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, BC, V8N 1V8, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":79},{"text":"Mitra, Bhaskar 0000-0002-6617-0884","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6617-0884","contributorId":217419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitra","given":"Bhaskar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6747,"text":"Texas A&M University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":80},{"text":"Munger, J. William","contributorId":357675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munger","given":"J. William","affiliations":[{"id":85515,"text":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":81},{"text":"Nesic, Zoran","contributorId":357676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nesic","given":"Zoran","affiliations":[{"id":85508,"text":"Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":82},{"text":"Noormets, Asko","contributorId":330074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Noormets","given":"Asko","affiliations":[{"id":78796,"text":"Texas A&M University, TX, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":83},{"text":"O'Halloran, Thomas L.","contributorId":357677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O'Halloran","given":"Thomas L.","affiliations":[{"id":85516,"text":"Department of Forestry & Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":84},{"text":"O'Keeffe, Patrick T.","contributorId":357678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O'Keeffe","given":"Patrick T.","affiliations":[{"id":85517,"text":"Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":85},{"text":"Oberbauer, Steven F.","contributorId":288864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oberbauer","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":61858,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Environment, Florida International University, MIami FL 33199, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":86},{"text":"Oechel, Walter","contributorId":330075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oechel","given":"Walter","affiliations":[{"id":78797,"text":"San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":87},{"text":"Oikawa, Patty","contributorId":329964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oikawa","given":"Patty","affiliations":[{"id":64648,"text":"California State University, East Bay","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":88},{"text":"Olivas, Paulo C.","contributorId":357679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olivas","given":"Paulo C.","affiliations":[{"id":85518,"text":"Institute of Environment and Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":89},{"text":"Ouimette, Andrew","contributorId":357680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ouimette","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":85519,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Durham, NH 03824","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":90},{"text":"Pastorello, Gilberto","contributorId":357681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pastorello","given":"Gilberto","affiliations":[{"id":85520,"text":"Scientific Data Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":91},{"text":"Perez-Quezada, Jorge F.","contributorId":357682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perez-Quezada","given":"Jorge F.","affiliations":[{"id":85521,"text":"Department of Environmental Sciences and Renewable Natural Resources, University of 169 Chile, Santiago, Chile","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":92},{"text":"Phillips, Claire","contributorId":197912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phillips","given":"Claire","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35067,"text":"USDA-ARS Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit, Corvallis, Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":93},{"text":"Posse, Gabriela","contributorId":357683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Posse","given":"Gabriela","affiliations":[{"id":85522,"text":"Instituto de Clima y Agua. INTA. Hurlingham (1686), Buenos Aires. Argentina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":94},{"text":"Qu, Bo","contributorId":357684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qu","given":"Bo","affiliations":[{"id":85523,"text":"Département de géographie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":95},{"text":"Quinton, William L.","contributorId":176298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quinton","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":96},{"text":"Reba, Michele L.","contributorId":196375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reba","given":"Michele","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":97},{"text":"Richardson, Andrew D.","contributorId":178336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richardson","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":98},{"text":"Picasso, Valentin","contributorId":357685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Picasso","given":"Valentin","affiliations":[{"id":85524,"text":"Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":99},{"text":"Rocha, Adrian V.","contributorId":357489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rocha","given":"Adrian V.","affiliations":[{"id":39516,"text":"University of Notre Dame","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":100},{"text":"Rodriguez, Julio C.","contributorId":357686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Julio C.","affiliations":[{"id":85525,"text":"Departamento de Agricultura y Ganadería, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, 83000, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":101},{"text":"Ruzol, Roel","contributorId":357687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruzol","given":"Roel","affiliations":[{"id":85526,"text":"Center for Research on Sustainable Forests, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Rm 263, Orono, ME 04469-5755","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":102},{"text":"Saleska, Scott","contributorId":139485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saleska","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":103},{"text":"Scott, Russell L.","contributorId":39875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":104},{"text":"Schreiner-McGraw, Adam P.","contributorId":201946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schreiner-McGraw","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":105},{"text":"Schuur, Edward A.G.","contributorId":357688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuur","given":"Edward A.G.","affiliations":[{"id":85527,"text":"Center for Ecosystem Science and Society; Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":106},{"text":"Silveira, Maria","contributorId":357689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silveira","given":"Maria","affiliations":[{"id":85528,"text":"Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Science, University of Florida, Ona, FL, 33865 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":107},{"text":"Sonnentag, Oliver","contributorId":330080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sonnentag","given":"Oliver","affiliations":[{"id":78801,"text":"Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":108},{"text":"Spittlehouse, David L.","contributorId":357690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spittlehouse","given":"David L.","affiliations":[{"id":85529,"text":"British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Victoria, BC, V8V 1T7, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":109},{"text":"Staebler, Ralf","contributorId":357691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Staebler","given":"Ralf","affiliations":[{"id":85530,"text":"Environment and Climate Change Canada, Downsview, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":110},{"text":"Starr, Gregory","contributorId":243131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Starr","given":"Gregory","affiliations":[{"id":36730,"text":"University of Alabama","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":111},{"text":"Staudhammer, Christina","contributorId":204160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Staudhammer","given":"Christina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36730,"text":"University of Alabama","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":112},{"text":"Still, Chris","contributorId":222677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Still","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":113},{"text":"Sturtevant, Cove","contributorId":298674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sturtevant","given":"Cove","affiliations":[{"id":24611,"text":"NEON","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":114},{"text":"Sullivan, Ryan C.","contributorId":330081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Ryan C.","affiliations":[{"id":78802,"text":"Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":115},{"text":"Suyker, Andy","contributorId":357692,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suyker","given":"Andy","affiliations":[{"id":85531,"text":"Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":116},{"text":"Trejo, David","contributorId":357693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trejo","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":85532,"text":"Department of Environmental Sciences and Renewable Natural Resources, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":117},{"text":"Ueyama, Masahito","contributorId":330083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ueyama","given":"Masahito","affiliations":[{"id":17805,"text":"Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":118},{"text":"Vargas, Rodrigo","contributorId":330050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vargas","given":"Rodrigo","affiliations":[{"id":13359,"text":"University of Delaware","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":119},{"text":"Viner, Brian","contributorId":357694,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Viner","given":"Brian","affiliations":[{"id":85533,"text":"Savannah River National Laboratory: Aiken, SC, US","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":120},{"text":"Vivoni, Enrique R.","contributorId":139052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vivoni","given":"Enrique","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12634,"text":"School of Earth and Space Exploration and School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":121},{"text":"Wang, Dong","contributorId":357711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Dong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":122},{"text":"Ward, Eric J.","contributorId":337357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":61805,"text":"Northwest Fisheries Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":123},{"text":"Wiesner, Susanne","contributorId":357695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiesner","given":"Susanne","affiliations":[{"id":85534,"text":"Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":124},{"text":"Windham-Myers, Lisamarie 0000-0003-0281-9581 lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-9581","contributorId":2449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windham-Myers","given":"Lisamarie","email":"lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":125},{"text":"Yannick, David","contributorId":357696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yannick","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":85535,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":126},{"text":"Yepez, Enrico A.","contributorId":357697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yepez","given":"Enrico A.","affiliations":[{"id":85504,"text":"Ciencias de Agua y Medio Ambiente, 818 Sur, Col. Centro Cd. Obregon, Sonora, Mexico 85000","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":127},{"text":"Zenone, Terenzio","contributorId":357698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zenone","given":"Terenzio","affiliations":[{"id":85536,"text":"Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET) National Research Council (CNR), Via Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":128},{"text":"Zhao, Junbin","contributorId":357699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhao","given":"Junbin","affiliations":[{"id":85537,"text":"Department of Biogeochemistry and Soil Quality, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, 1433, Norway","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":129},{"text":"Zona, Donatella","contributorId":330087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zona","given":"Donatella","affiliations":[{"id":78805,"text":"University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":130}]}} ,{"id":70268932,"text":"70268932 - 2025 - Spatiotemporal drivers of water quality and phytoplankton communities in a cyanobacteria-dominated reservoir provide management insights","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-11T15:21:38.977041","indexId":"70268932","displayToPublicDate":"2025-06-24T08:15:59","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatiotemporal drivers of water quality and phytoplankton communities in a cyanobacteria-dominated reservoir provide management insights","docAbstract":"Reservoirs serve critical roles providing drinking water, irrigation, flood control, hydropower, recreation, fisheries, and aquatic habitat. Yet their physical position, complex shape, and large watersheds make reservoirs especially susceptible to eutrophication and harmful algal bloom (HAB) production. Boysen Reservoir, WY, is a high priority for proactive nutrient management because it is an important source for drinking water and recreation, and has a history of toxic cyanobacterial blooms. We combined four years of comprehensive monitoring efforts by state and federal agencies to characterize the spatiotemporal patterns of nutrient inflow, internal water quality dynamics, and phytoplankton community shifts in Boysen Reservoir. We found nutrient inflow was hydrologically driven, with snowmelt runoff transporting high nutrient loads. Our findings suggest physicochemical and nutrient conditions of the reservoir were strongly different between the furthest reaches of the reservoir, but less variable among the intermediate sites. Space did not play a role in phytoplankton community dynamics, but time was an important factor. Cyanobacteria dominated phytoplankton communities by mid-summer across the reservoir and were driven mainly by temporal physicochemical conditions, like stratification and water temperature. The two most dominant phytoplankton taxa across the four years of sampling were N-fixing, toxin producing cyanobacteria. Extensive monitoring efforts and data analyses can illuminate strategies to safeguard water resources via understanding the drivers of water quality changes and HAB production.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14258-1","usgsCitation":"Rock, L., Fetzer, W., Patterson, L., Sillen, S., Steg, R., Walters, A.W., and Collins, S.M., 2025, Spatiotemporal drivers of water quality and phytoplankton communities in a cyanobacteria-dominated reservoir provide management insights: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 197, 795, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-025-14258-1.","productDescription":"795, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-173265","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-025-14258-1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":492137,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Boysen Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.28940875950443,\n 43.45008748233806\n ],\n [\n -108.28940875950443,\n 43.149830823543425\n ],\n [\n -108.11100943189061,\n 43.149830823543425\n ],\n [\n -108.11100943189061,\n 43.45008748233806\n ],\n [\n -108.28940875950443,\n 43.45008748233806\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"197","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rock, Linnea A.","contributorId":357815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rock","given":"Linnea A.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fetzer, William W.","contributorId":357816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fetzer","given":"William W.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patterson, Lindsay","contributorId":356033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patterson","given":"Lindsay","affiliations":[{"id":84900,"text":"Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sillen, Samuel J.","contributorId":357817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sillen","given":"Samuel J.","affiliations":[{"id":12465,"text":"University of Pittsburgh","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steg, Ron","contributorId":357818,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steg","given":"Ron","affiliations":[{"id":84900,"text":"Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Walters, Annika W. 0000-0002-8638-6682 awalters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6682","contributorId":4190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Annika","email":"awalters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Collins, Sarah M.","contributorId":204070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36821,"text":"Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70268358,"text":"ofr20251033 - 2025 - Select elements of concern in surface water of three hydrologic basins (Delaware River, Illinois River, and Upper Colorado River)—Data screening for the development of spatial and temporal models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-24T13:43:22.987262","indexId":"ofr20251033","displayToPublicDate":"2025-06-23T14:10:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-1033","displayTitle":"Select Elements of Concern in Surface Water of Three Hydrologic Basins (Delaware River, Illinois River, and Upper Colorado River)—Data Screening for the Development of Spatial and Temporal Models","title":"Select elements of concern in surface water of three hydrologic basins (Delaware River, Illinois River, and Upper Colorado River)—Data screening for the development of spatial and temporal models","docAbstract":"The report focuses on the screening of previously published concentration data associated with 12 elements of concern (aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, lead, selenium, uranium, and zinc) measured in stream surface waters of three hydrologic basins (Delaware River Basin, Illinois River Basin, and the Upper Colorado River Basin). The purpose of this analysis is to determine what subsets of the original dataset (containing more than 1,500,000 observations) may be most suitable for each of two types of modeling efforts. The first type of modeling envisions a machine learning approach to determine which geospatial attributes are most significant in describing the spatial distribution of elemental concentrations within a basin. The second type of modeling envisions a stepwise regression approach to develop multivariable models that can be used to determine high resolution time-series estimates of elemental concentrations or loads at discrete U.S. Geological Survey real-time stream surface water sites. These site-specific temporal models are based on continuous measurements of available discharge and (or) in situ sensor data (temperature, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, and (or) fluorescent dissolved organic matter) as the explanatory variables. The data screening for both model types considered historical trends in analytical methods and detection quantitation limits, the extent of censored data, data density, and environmental relevance with respect to three U.S. Environmental Protection Agency water quality thresholds (drinking water guidelines, human health criteria, and aquatic life criteria). The result of this analysis was the production of a final list of potential models deemed suitable for further development based upon the data exclusion (or inclusion) scheme developed herein for each model type. In both cases, the final models included mostly the three crustal elements (iron, manganese, and aluminum) that are found at comparatively high concentrations in surface water, whereas most of the more pernicious elements were excluded from the final model lists owing to various data limitations. The one exception to this was arsenic, for which the existing data were sufficient at three U.S. Geological Survey real-time sites for potential further development of time-series models.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20251033","programNote":"Water Quality Program","usgsCitation":"Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., McCleskey, R.B., Sullivan, S.L., Root, J.C., Seawolf, S.M., Ransom, K.M., Wherry, S.A., Kakouros, E., and Baesman, S., 2025, Select elements of concern in surface water of three hydrologic basins (Delaware River, Illinois River, and Upper Colorado River)—Data screening for the development of spatial and temporal models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2025–1033, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20251033.","productDescription":"Report: v, 25 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-151463","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491085,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1033/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":491089,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1033/images/"},{"id":491090,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9L06M3G","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Concentration data for 12 elements of concern used in the development of surrogate models for estimating elemental concentrations in surface water of three hydrologic basins (Delaware River, Illinois River and Upper Colorado River)"},{"id":491088,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1033/ofr20251033.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2025-1033 XML"},{"id":491087,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20251033/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2025-1033 HTML"},{"id":491091,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M11AQX","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Select elements of concern in surface water of three hydrologic basins (Delaware River, Illinois River and Upper Colorado River)—Data screening for the development of spatial and temporal models"},{"id":491086,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1033/ofr20251033.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2025-1033 PDF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Dellaware River basin, Illinois River basin, Upper Colorado River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.01394213262869,\n 38.92294967500803\n ],\n [\n -108.11331000789238,\n 37.96261643537598\n ],\n [\n -107.25609607846874,\n 37.87702017756682\n ],\n [\n -106.42057903672809,\n 37.90270776189081\n ],\n [\n -105.6827182519238,\n 39.995255510900506\n ],\n [\n -106.11675282418058,\n 40.47569501268029\n ],\n [\n -107.6033195423279,\n 40.35178290538221\n ],\n [\n -109.00309727963071,\n 39.41927893923872\n ],\n [\n -109.01394213262869,\n 38.92294967500803\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.65878773343856,\n 42.4066526456308\n ],\n [\n -87.9192086726529,\n 43.06812481882113\n ],\n [\n -88.5051544359371,\n 43.00467364686759\n ],\n [\n -88.50515333563956,\n 42.48671883940091\n ],\n [\n -88.70047024751271,\n 41.94830319886668\n ],\n [\n -89.73130523290423,\n 41.57598881681736\n ],\n [\n -91.13106941119602,\n 40.031953813513724\n ],\n [\n -90.72958972445828,\n 38.86733714195233\n ],\n [\n -90.13279007957613,\n 38.630385810411724\n ],\n [\n -89.62280042660225,\n 38.54556858288058\n ],\n [\n -85.20648898908313,\n 40.87413332994467\n ],\n [\n -84.9786214252908,\n 41.62467277345647\n ],\n [\n -86.42178686128798,\n 41.689530469093995\n ],\n [\n -87.45262071577667,\n 41.55163259842337\n ],\n [\n -87.65878773343856,\n 42.4066526456308\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.14588299452005,\n 38.436072872447994\n ],\n [\n -75.51481227966242,\n 39.3481693755094\n ],\n [\n -74.86376063646837,\n 39.12124394529849\n ],\n [\n -74.92886579691672,\n 38.99485723716762\n ],\n [\n -74.79865546371555,\n 39.00329006717385\n ],\n [\n -74.51653309622185,\n 39.39849755386402\n ],\n [\n -74.01739350414802,\n 40.31473786254517\n ],\n [\n -74.57078763049776,\n 40.29818809866313\n ],\n [\n -74.92886586014689,\n 40.5130164231756\n ],\n [\n -74.84206013858788,\n 42.15862481155361\n ],\n [\n -75.23268798995824,\n 42.343360684190884\n ],\n [\n -75.79692940846797,\n 42.11035120298169\n ],\n [\n -76.16418064884678,\n 40.780289138030724\n ],\n [\n -75.89291403348882,\n 39.62004444595479\n ],\n [\n -75.54568706697395,\n 38.584353736876636\n ],\n [\n -75.14588299452005,\n 38.436072872447994\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Water Quality Processes Program Manager,
Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
601 SW 2nd Ave, Suite 1950
Portland, OR 97204
Northern deltas receive chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) from their watersheds, which can be oxidized to carbon dioxide upon absorption of sunlight (i.e., photomineralized). These deltas also receive total suspended solids (TSS), which may shade sunlight absorption by CDOM, thus limiting photomineralization. To quantify this interaction for the first time, we measured photomineralization rates at 11sites in the Peace‐Athabasca Delta (PAD), Canada. We sampled waters during a July 2022 field campaign for TSS concentration, CDOM concentration (αCDOM,λ), total downwelling sunlight attenuation coefficients (Kd,tot,λ), and light attenuation coefficients due to CDOM (Kd,CDOM,λ). TSS ranged from <1 to 112 mg/L with an average of 19 ± 34 mg/L (mean ± one standard deviation), an order of magnitude lower than TSS reported in rivers entering the PAD earlier in the open water season. αCDOM,λ at 305 nm (αCDOM,305) ranged from 23.3 to 65.2 m-1, Kd,CDOM,305 ranged from 26.3 to 74.1 m−1, and Kd,tot,305 ranged from 19.0 to 63.7 m−1. The ratio of sunlight absorbed by CDOM relative to total sunlight attenuation Kd,CDOM,λ/Kd,tot,λ was inversely correlated with TSS concentration across all wavelengths measured (305–412 nm). TSS thus limited photomineralization rates by shading CDOM from ultraviolet A and visible wavelengths of sunlight, reducing photomineralization rates by up to 56% compared to rates in the absence of TSS or other non-CDOM particles that attenuate sunlight. Results suggest that shifts in delta hydrology that affect TSS concentration likely influence photomineralization rates within TSS-rich northern deltas.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2024JG008620","usgsCitation":"Dolan, W., Pavelsky, T.M., Davis, J., LaFramboise, N., Polik, C., and Cory, R., 2025, Effects of total suspended solids on photomineralization of dissolved organic matter in the Peace-Athabasca Delta, Canada: JGR Biogeosciences, v. 130, no. 6, e2024JG008620, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JG008620.","productDescription":"e2024JG008620, 23 p.","ipdsId":"IP-172665","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491877,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Peace‐Athabasca Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.23884840686532,\n 59.99203702983766\n ],\n [\n -113.23884840686532,\n 58.3291665449174\n ],\n [\n -110.01835852259443,\n 58.3291665449174\n ],\n [\n -110.01835852259443,\n 59.99203702983766\n ],\n [\n -113.23884840686532,\n 59.99203702983766\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"130","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dolan, Wayana 0000-0001-8405-4302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8405-4302","contributorId":354442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolan","given":"Wayana","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":941615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavelsky, Tamlin M.","contributorId":258838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pavelsky","given":"Tamlin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":52312,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":941616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, Julianne","contributorId":357497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Julianne","affiliations":[{"id":27051,"text":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":941617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LaFramboise, Nathan","contributorId":357499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaFramboise","given":"Nathan","affiliations":[{"id":85432,"text":"University of Michigan at Ann Arbor","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":941618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Polik, Catherine","contributorId":357500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Polik","given":"Catherine","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":941619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cory, Rose","contributorId":357501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cory","given":"Rose","affiliations":[{"id":85432,"text":"University of Michigan at Ann Arbor","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":941620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70269325,"text":"70269325 - 2025 - Urban trees and cooling: A review of the recent literature (2018 to 2024)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-18T15:35:34.058235","indexId":"70269325","displayToPublicDate":"2025-06-23T10:32:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":876,"text":"Arboriculture and Urban Forestry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Urban trees and cooling: A review of the recent literature (2018 to 2024)","docAbstract":"Urban trees mitigate extreme heat through shading and evapotranspiration, but cooling effectiveness varies with tree traits, spatial configurations, and climate. This systematic mapping review synthesizes findings from 115 studies (2018 to 2024) using RepOrting standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses (ROSES) protocols. Studies were categorized based on geographic location, climate zone, and heat metric (e.g., land surface temperature or air temperature), highlighting a geographic skew toward North America and Asia and underrepresentation of arid and tropical zones. Findings show that urban trees consistently outperform other vegetation types in cooling, particularly in hotter, drier climates when water is available. Dense, tall canopies provide broad-scale cooling, while mixed plantings with shrubs or grass enhance local effects. However, conflicting conclusions arise from using land surface versus air temperature, as these metrics respond differently to tree canopy. Key knowledge gaps include the role of native versus non-native species in arid climates, the effect of urban morphology on cooling, and tree performance during extreme heat. Most studies remain small-scale and limited in generalizability, emphasizing the continued need for city-specific knowledge. This review highlights urban trees as vital for heat mitigation and the importance of harmonizing research objectives and methods to inform planning and practice effectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Society of Arboriculture","doi":"10.48044/jauf.2025.023","usgsCitation":"Alonzo, M., Ibsen, P.C., and Locke, D., 2025, Urban trees and cooling: A review of the recent literature (2018 to 2024): Arboriculture and Urban Forestry, v. 51, no. 4, jauf.2025.023, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2025.023.","productDescription":"jauf.2025.023, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-174322","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2025.023","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":492547,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alonzo, Michael","contributorId":358300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alonzo","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":48453,"text":"American University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ibsen, Peter Christian 0000-0002-3436-9100","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-9100","contributorId":260735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ibsen","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"Christian","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Locke, Dexter","contributorId":358304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Locke","given":"Dexter","affiliations":[{"id":40027,"text":"United States Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70274598,"text":"70274598 - 2025 - Near-surface geophysics: Environmental applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-01T13:53:22.33473","indexId":"70274598","displayToPublicDate":"2025-06-20T08:47:58","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Near-surface geophysics: Environmental applications","docAbstract":"The field of geophysics encompasses a broad and diverse compilation of methodologies that employs principles of physics to characterize properties of earth materials within the subsurface. While geophysical methods have a long history in resource exploration and studies of Earth’s interior, the subdiscipline of “near-surface geophysics” has evolved in recent decades for examination of the shallow, near-surface environment for a range of purposes ranging from archaeological or forensic investigations to assessment of geologic, hydrologic, biologic, and geochemical properties and processes. “Environmental geophysics” are near-surface geophysical studies and methods that focus on understanding natural systems (e.g., watershed hydrology, groundwater–surface water connections, biophysical processes) as well as research pertaining to anthropogenic impacts and land management, (e.g., contamination and remediation, saltwater intrusion, agricultural practices). This field can be further subdivided into subdisciplines focused on specific topics and applications, such as water resources and hydrology (hydrogeophysics) or biologic and microbial processes (biogeophysics). Studies in environmental geophysics span a range of scales, from pore-scale laboratory tests to watershed-scale or regional field experiments. Methods vary by the nature of physics employed, the specific measurement acquired, and how that data is ultimately processed and analyzed to produce interpretable results. There exists further diversity in the acquisition logistics, geometry, and timing of data collection. Geophysical data can be collected in boreholes (one-dimensional, 1-D, vertical profiles), along survey lines (two-dimensional, 2-D, cross-sections), or in dense sensor arrays or gridded profiles (three-dimensional, 3-D, models). Regarding the temporal aspect, studies can conduct one-time geophysical surveys to obtain detailed imaging of subsurface structure or use timelapse and continuous monitoring to investigate variations in subsurface properties over time. The cumulation of all possible permutations of these factors (method, acquisition geometry, survey design, and target application) results in an immense diversity among environmental geophysical studies. Nevertheless, this field remains unified in the pursuit of understanding natural and human-impacted near-surface environments through geophysical investigations. Here we highlight some key references within environmental geophysics. Resources on geophysical theory, acquisition logistics, processing and inversion workflows, and example case studies are categorized into the most common geophysical classes within Geophysical Methods. Lastly, example references for the dominant types of applications in environmental geophysical studies are catalogued in Environmental Applications.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oxford Bibliographies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":11,"text":"Bibliography"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/obo/9780199363445-0146","usgsCitation":"James, S.R., Glaser, D.R., and Garcia, A., 2025, Near-surface geophysics: Environmental applications, chap. of Oxford Bibliographies, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780199363445-0146.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-172909","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501916,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, Stephanie R. 0000-0001-5715-253X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5715-253X","contributorId":260620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glaser, Dan R.","contributorId":292710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glaser","given":"Dan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":958467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garcia, Alejandro","contributorId":369112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"Alejandro","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70268680,"text":"70268680 - 2025 - Effects of nest exclosure on nest and adult survival of piping plover (Charadrius melodus) in the lower Platte River System, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-08T17:41:23.644381","indexId":"70268680","displayToPublicDate":"2025-06-19T10:36:54","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of nest exclosure on nest and adult survival of piping plover (Charadrius melodus) in the lower Platte River System, Nebraska","docAbstract":"Conservation of imperiled species often includes management strategies intended to improve specific vital rates. However, some management practices can have unforeseen consequences that negate the intended benefit. For example, nest exclosures are often used for ground-nesting avian species to reduce nest predation but may increase depredation of adults. Tradeoffs between nest survival and adult mortality of nest exclosures likely depend on local predator community dynamics. Therefore, investigations are most informative when assessed in specific settings. Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus, hereafter plovers) in the lower Platte River system, Nebraska, nest at off-river sandpit sites, which provide an additional study system and habitat to assess the context-dependent effects of nest exclosures. The Tern and Plover Conservation Partnership monitors plovers at off-river sites by monitoring nests, installing nest exclosures, and banding and resighting. Effects of nest exclosures were tested on both nest survival, from 340 plover nests from 2008–2024, and weekly within-season apparent survival, from 71 breeding adults from 2011–2024. There was weak evidence that nest exclosures marginally improved nest survival but no evidence of an effect for within-season survival of breeding adults. Daily nest survival was slightly higher for exclosed nests (0.99, [85% CI = 0.98–0.99]) than unexclosed nests (0.98, [0.98–0.99]). Within-season apparent weekly survival for breeding plovers was 0.90 (95% CI = 0.83–0.93); cumulative survival over the breeding period was 0.51 (0.33–0.69). Nest exclosures may be used to increase nest survival at off-river sites with minimal threat to adult survival unless considerable concerns arise.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1675/063.048.0104","usgsCitation":"Forsberg, E., Jorgensen, J., Swift, R.J., Powell, L., and Vrtiska, M., 2025, Effects of nest exclosure on nest and adult survival of piping plover (Charadrius melodus) in the lower Platte River System, Nebraska: Waterbirds, v. 48, no. 1, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.048.0104.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-172280","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491843,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"lower Platte River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.33459195909862,\n 41.998911775825974\n ],\n [\n -97.33459195909862,\n 40.042135850408954\n ],\n [\n -95.48004775335434,\n 40.042135850408954\n ],\n [\n -95.48004775335434,\n 41.998911775825974\n ],\n [\n -97.33459195909862,\n 41.998911775825974\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forsberg, Elsa M.","contributorId":357514,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forsberg","given":"Elsa M.","affiliations":[{"id":16602,"text":"University of Nebraska, Lincoln","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":941630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jorgensen, Joel G.","contributorId":169604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"Joel G.","affiliations":[{"id":25564,"text":"Nongame Bird Program, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Lincoln, NE 68503","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":941631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swift, Rose J. 0000-0001-7044-6196","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7044-6196","contributorId":212082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swift","given":"Rose","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":941632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powell, Larkin A.","contributorId":352292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powell","given":"Larkin A.","affiliations":[{"id":84162,"text":"School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":941633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vrtiska, Mark P.","contributorId":342638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vrtiska","given":"Mark P.","affiliations":[{"id":81901,"text":"Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":941634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70268334,"text":"70268334 - 2025 - Disparate groundwater responses to wildfire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-23T14:34:47.223906","indexId":"70268334","displayToPublicDate":"2025-06-19T09:32:25","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5067,"text":"WIREs Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disparate groundwater responses to wildfire","docAbstract":"Post-wildfire investigations of groundwater response reveal a range of outcomes, varying from substantial increases to notable decreases in recharge and baseflow, with some studies indicating negligible or short-lived effects. This review assesses these varied responses within five critical categories: climate, vegetation, hydrogeology, fire characteristics, and the cryosphere, examining both short-term (within 2 years) and intermediate (2–10 years post-fire) effects. Despite considerable variability, some consistent patterns emerge. For instance, in hydroclimatic settings where water input and evaporative demand cycles are out of sync, post-wildfire groundwater responses tend to be positive (i.e., increased flux or storage), whereas under low fire severity conditions or in vegetation types that quickly recover, groundwater responses tend to be negative (i.e., decreased flux or storage). We synthesize relevant findings into a compendium of testable hypotheses aimed at explaining the spatiotemporal variability in observed post-wildfire groundwater responses. A recurring theme is the critical influence of the pre-wildfire groundwater regime on expected response and recovery. We identify opportunities for specific improvements in post-wildfire monitoring and modeling that would further advance capabilities to predict groundwater response. A key area for further research is understanding how wildfire effects on snow dynamics and other cryospheric processes translate to changes in groundwater.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews","doi":"10.1002/wat2.70029","usgsCitation":"Walvoord, M.A., Ebel, B., Partridge, T.F., Rey, D., and Rosenberry, D., 2025, Disparate groundwater responses to wildfire: WIREs Water, v. 12, no. 3, e70029, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.70029.","productDescription":"e70029, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-178452","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.70029","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":491099,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle A. 0000-0003-4269-8366","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":211843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":940839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ebel, Brian A. 0000-0002-5413-3963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-3963","contributorId":211845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":940840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Partridge, Trevor Fuess 0000-0003-1589-4783","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1589-4783","contributorId":302668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Partridge","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"Fuess","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":940841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rey, David M. 0000-0003-2629-365X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2629-365X","contributorId":211848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rey","given":"David M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":940842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":940843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70268363,"text":"70268363 - 2025 - Public supply water delivery analysis and estimation for the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-25T13:12:44.133817","indexId":"70268363","displayToPublicDate":"2025-06-19T09:29:44","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Public supply water delivery analysis and estimation for the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Public supply water withdrawals represent 14% of all withdrawals in the conterminous United States (CONUS), supplying approximately 87% of the population with fresh water. Deliveries for public water supply are crucial for associating water use amounts with populations because they often differ from total withdrawals due to wholesales, transfers, losses, and other factors. Understanding these differences helps identify the drivers for each type of delivery. The goal of this study was to compile all available public water supply delivery data for the CONUS and develop a data-driven model to estimate deliveries for all water service areas within the CONUS. Annual deliveries were estimated between 2010 and 2020, encompassing total water deliveries; combined commercial, industrial, and institutional deliveries (CII); and domestic deliveries. Data were compiled for 2,744 water service areas to produce the most comprehensive public water supply delivery data set for the CONUS to date. Three ensemble modeling approaches were developed to estimate total, CII, and domestic per capita (DPC) deliveries using a gradient boosted regression tree modeling approach. Estimates of daily domestic and CII per capita deliveries were generated from these models for approximately 18,800 water service areas, covering most public water systems in the CONUS. Domestic delivery was found to be lowest in the midwestern region and higher in the southern and southwest regions of the United States. Results indicate that climate and land use can be associated with regional differences in DPC delivery. Population metrics and land use were identified as significant contributors to CII delivery estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2024WR039271","usgsCitation":"Larsen, J., Alzraiee, A.H., Niswonger, R., Martin, D., Buchwald, C.A., Dieter, C., Luukkonen, C.L., Stewart, J.S., Paulinski, S., Miller, L.D., and Houston, N., 2025, Public supply water delivery analysis and estimation for the conterminous United States: Water Resources Research, v. 61, no. 6, e2024WR039271, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2024WR039271.","productDescription":"e2024WR039271, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-156956","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491500,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr039271","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":491183,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"conterminous United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ],\n [\n -94.64,\n 48.84\n ],\n [\n -94.32914,\n 48.67074\n ],\n [\n -93.63087,\n 48.60926\n ],\n [\n -92.61,\n 48.45\n ],\n [\n -91.64,\n 48.14\n ],\n [\n -90.83,\n 48.27\n ],\n [\n -89.6,\n 48.01\n ],\n [\n -89.27292,\n 48.01981\n ],\n [\n -88.37811,\n 48.30292\n ],\n [\n -87.43979,\n 47.94\n ],\n [\n -86.46199,\n 47.55334\n ],\n [\n -85.65236,\n 47.22022\n ],\n [\n -84.87608,\n 46.90008\n ],\n [\n -84.77924,\n 46.6371\n ],\n [\n -84.54375,\n 46.53868\n ],\n [\n -84.6049,\n 46.4396\n ],\n [\n -84.3367,\n 46.40877\n ],\n [\n -84.14212,\n 46.51223\n ],\n [\n -84.09185,\n 46.27542\n ],\n [\n -83.89077,\n 46.11693\n ],\n [\n -83.61613,\n 46.11693\n ],\n [\n -83.46955,\n 45.99469\n ],\n [\n -83.59285,\n 45.81689\n ],\n [\n -82.55092,\n 45.34752\n ],\n [\n -82.33776,\n 44.44\n ],\n [\n -82.13764,\n 43.57109\n ],\n [\n -82.43,\n 42.98\n ],\n [\n -82.9,\n 42.43\n ],\n [\n -83.12,\n 42.08\n ],\n [\n -83.142,\n 41.97568\n ],\n [\n -83.02981,\n 41.8328\n ],\n [\n -82.69009,\n 41.67511\n ],\n [\n -82.43928,\n 41.67511\n ],\n [\n -81.27775,\n 42.20903\n ],\n [\n -80.24745,\n 42.3662\n ],\n [\n -78.93936,\n 42.86361\n ],\n [\n -78.92,\n 42.965\n ],\n [\n -79.01,\n 43.27\n ],\n [\n -79.17167,\n 43.46634\n ],\n [\n -78.72028,\n 43.62509\n ],\n [\n -77.73789,\n 43.62906\n ],\n [\n -76.82003,\n 43.62878\n ],\n [\n -76.5,\n 44.01846\n ],\n [\n -76.375,\n 44.09631\n ],\n [\n -75.31821,\n 44.81645\n ],\n [\n -74.867,\n 45.00048\n ],\n [\n -73.34783,\n 45.00738\n ],\n [\n -71.50506,\n 45.0082\n ],\n [\n -71.405,\n 45.255\n ],\n [\n -71.08482,\n 45.30524\n ],\n [\n -70.66,\n 45.46\n ],\n [\n -70.305,\n 45.915\n ],\n [\n -69.99997,\n 46.69307\n ],\n [\n -69.23722,\n 47.44778\n ],\n [\n -68.905,\n 47.185\n ],\n [\n -68.23444,\n 47.35486\n ],\n [\n -67.79046,\n 47.06636\n ],\n [\n -67.79134,\n 45.70281\n ],\n [\n -67.13741,\n 45.13753\n ],\n [\n -66.96466,\n 44.8097\n ],\n [\n -68.03252,\n 44.3252\n ],\n [\n -69.06,\n 43.98\n ],\n [\n -70.11617,\n 43.68405\n ],\n [\n -70.64548,\n 43.09024\n ],\n [\n -70.81489,\n 42.8653\n ],\n [\n -70.825,\n 42.335\n ],\n [\n -70.495,\n 41.805\n ],\n [\n -70.08,\n 41.78\n ],\n [\n -70.185,\n 42.145\n ],\n [\n -69.88497,\n 41.92283\n ],\n [\n -69.96503,\n 41.63717\n ],\n [\n -70.64,\n 41.475\n ],\n [\n -71.12039,\n 41.49445\n ],\n [\n -71.86,\n 41.32\n ],\n [\n -72.295,\n 41.27\n ],\n [\n -72.87643,\n 41.22065\n ],\n [\n -73.71,\n 40.9311\n ],\n [\n -72.24126,\n 41.11948\n ],\n [\n -71.945,\n 40.93\n ],\n [\n -73.345,\n 40.63\n ],\n [\n -73.982,\n 40.628\n ],\n [\n -73.95232,\n 40.75075\n ],\n [\n -74.25671,\n 40.47351\n ],\n [\n -73.96244,\n 40.42763\n ],\n [\n -74.17838,\n 39.70926\n ],\n [\n -74.90604,\n 38.93954\n ],\n [\n -74.98041,\n 39.1964\n ],\n [\n -75.20002,\n 39.24845\n ],\n [\n -75.52805,\n 39.4985\n ],\n [\n -75.32,\n 38.96\n ],\n [\n -75.07183,\n 38.78203\n ],\n [\n -75.05673,\n 38.40412\n ],\n [\n -75.37747,\n 38.01551\n ],\n [\n -75.94023,\n 37.21689\n ],\n [\n -76.03127,\n 37.2566\n ],\n [\n -75.72205,\n 37.93705\n ],\n [\n -76.23287,\n 38.31921\n ],\n [\n -76.35,\n 39.15\n ],\n [\n -76.54272,\n 38.71762\n ],\n [\n -76.32933,\n 38.08326\n ],\n [\n -76.99,\n 38.23999\n ],\n [\n -76.30162,\n 37.91794\n ],\n [\n -76.25874,\n 36.9664\n ],\n [\n -75.9718,\n 36.89726\n ],\n [\n -75.86804,\n 36.55125\n ],\n [\n -75.72749,\n 35.55074\n ],\n [\n -76.36318,\n 34.80854\n ],\n [\n -77.39763,\n 34.51201\n ],\n [\n -78.05496,\n 33.92547\n ],\n [\n -78.55435,\n 33.86133\n ],\n [\n -79.06067,\n 33.49395\n ],\n [\n -79.20357,\n 33.15839\n ],\n [\n -80.30132,\n 32.50935\n ],\n [\n -80.86498,\n 32.0333\n ],\n [\n -81.33629,\n 31.44049\n ],\n [\n -81.49042,\n 30.72999\n ],\n [\n -81.31371,\n 30.03552\n ],\n [\n -80.98,\n 29.18\n ],\n [\n -80.53558,\n 28.47213\n ],\n [\n -80.53,\n 28.04\n ],\n [\n -80.05654,\n 26.88\n ],\n [\n -80.08801,\n 26.20576\n ],\n [\n -80.13156,\n 25.81677\n ],\n [\n -80.38103,\n 25.20616\n ],\n [\n -80.68,\n 25.08\n ],\n [\n -81.17213,\n 25.20126\n ],\n [\n -81.33,\n 25.64\n ],\n [\n -81.71,\n 25.87\n ],\n [\n -82.24,\n 26.73\n ],\n [\n -82.70515,\n 27.49504\n ],\n [\n -82.85526,\n 27.88624\n ],\n [\n -82.65,\n 28.55\n ],\n [\n -82.93,\n 29.1\n ],\n [\n -83.70959,\n 29.93656\n ],\n [\n -84.1,\n 30.09\n ],\n [\n -85.10882,\n 29.63615\n ],\n [\n -85.28784,\n 29.68612\n ],\n [\n -85.7731,\n 30.15261\n ],\n [\n -86.4,\n 30.4\n ],\n [\n -87.53036,\n 30.27433\n ],\n [\n -88.41782,\n 30.3849\n ],\n [\n -89.18049,\n 30.31598\n ],\n [\n -89.59383,\n 30.15999\n ],\n [\n -89.41373,\n 29.89419\n ],\n [\n -89.43,\n 29.48864\n ],\n [\n -89.21767,\n 29.29108\n ],\n [\n -89.40823,\n 29.15961\n ],\n [\n -89.77928,\n 29.30714\n ],\n [\n -90.15463,\n 29.11743\n ],\n [\n -90.88022,\n 29.14854\n ],\n [\n -91.62678,\n 29.677\n ],\n [\n -92.49906,\n 29.5523\n ],\n [\n -93.22637,\n 29.78375\n ],\n [\n -93.84842,\n 29.71363\n ],\n [\n -94.69,\n 29.48\n ],\n [\n -95.60026,\n 28.73863\n ],\n [\n -96.59404,\n 28.30748\n ],\n [\n -97.14,\n 27.83\n ],\n [\n -97.37,\n 27.38\n ],\n [\n -97.38,\n 26.69\n ],\n [\n -97.33,\n 26.21\n ],\n [\n -97.14,\n 25.87\n ],\n [\n -97.53,\n 25.84\n ],\n [\n -98.24,\n 26.06\n ],\n [\n -99.02,\n 26.37\n ],\n [\n -99.3,\n 26.84\n ],\n [\n -99.52,\n 27.54\n ],\n [\n -100.11,\n 28.11\n ],\n [\n -100.45584,\n 28.69612\n ],\n [\n -100.9576,\n 29.38071\n ],\n [\n -101.6624,\n 29.7793\n ],\n [\n -102.48,\n 29.76\n ],\n [\n -103.11,\n 28.97\n ],\n [\n -103.94,\n 29.27\n ],\n [\n -104.45697,\n 29.57196\n ],\n [\n -104.70575,\n 30.12173\n ],\n [\n -105.03737,\n 30.64402\n ],\n [\n -105.63159,\n 31.08383\n ],\n [\n -106.1429,\n 31.39995\n ],\n [\n -106.50759,\n 31.75452\n ],\n [\n -108.24,\n 31.75485\n ],\n [\n -108.24194,\n 31.34222\n ],\n [\n -109.035,\n 31.34194\n ],\n [\n -111.02361,\n 31.33472\n ],\n [\n -113.30498,\n 32.03914\n ],\n [\n -114.815,\n 32.52528\n ],\n [\n -114.72139,\n 32.72083\n ],\n [\n -115.99135,\n 32.61239\n ],\n [\n -117.12776,\n 32.53534\n ],\n [\n -117.29594,\n 33.04622\n ],\n [\n -117.944,\n 33.62124\n ],\n [\n -118.4106,\n 33.74091\n ],\n [\n -118.51989,\n 34.02778\n ],\n [\n -119.081,\n 34.078\n ],\n [\n -119.43884,\n 34.34848\n ],\n [\n -120.36778,\n 34.44711\n ],\n [\n -120.62286,\n 34.60855\n ],\n [\n -120.74433,\n 35.15686\n ],\n [\n -121.71457,\n 36.16153\n ],\n [\n -122.54747,\n 37.55176\n ],\n [\n -122.51201,\n 37.78339\n ],\n [\n -122.95319,\n 38.11371\n ],\n [\n -123.7272,\n 38.95166\n ],\n [\n -123.86517,\n 39.76699\n ],\n [\n -124.39807,\n 40.3132\n ],\n [\n -124.17886,\n 41.14202\n ],\n [\n -124.2137,\n 41.99964\n ],\n [\n -124.53284,\n 42.76599\n ],\n [\n -124.14214,\n 43.70838\n ],\n [\n -124.02053,\n 44.6159\n ],\n [\n -123.89893,\n 45.52341\n ],\n [\n -124.07963,\n 46.86475\n ],\n [\n -124.39567,\n 47.72017\n ],\n [\n -124.68721,\n 48.18443\n ],\n [\n -124.5661,\n 48.37971\n ],\n [\n -123.12,\n 48.04\n ],\n [\n -122.58736,\n 47.096\n ],\n [\n -122.34,\n 47.36\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 48.18\n ],\n [\n -122.84,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -117.03121,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -116.04818,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -110.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -107.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -104.04826,\n 48.99986\n ],\n [\n -100.65,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -97.22872,\n 49.0007\n ],\n [\n -95.15907,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -95.15609,\n 49.38425\n ],\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n ]\n },\n \"properties\": {\n \"name\": \"United States\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Joshua 0000-0002-1218-800X jlarsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1218-800X","contributorId":272403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Joshua","email":"jlarsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":941107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alzraiee, Ayman H. 0000-0001-7576-3449","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7576-3449","contributorId":272120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alzraiee","given":"Ayman","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":941108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G. rniswon@usgs.gov","contributorId":146547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard G.","email":"rniswon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":941109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Donald 0000-0001-5913-2372 domartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5913-2372","contributorId":4450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Donald","email":"domartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":941110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buchwald, Cheryl A. 0000-0001-8968-5023 cabuchwa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8968-5023","contributorId":1943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchwald","given":"Cheryl","email":"cabuchwa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":941111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dieter, Cheryl A. 0000-0002-5786-4091","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5786-4091","contributorId":220502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieter","given":"Cheryl A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":941112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Luukkonen, Carol L. 0000-0001-7056-8599","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7056-8599","contributorId":208181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luukkonen","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":941113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stewart, Jana S. 0000-0002-8121-1373","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8121-1373","contributorId":211037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Jana","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":941114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Paulinski, Scott 0000-0001-6548-8164","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6548-8164","contributorId":357291,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paulinski","given":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":28165,"text":"No affiliation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":941115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Miller, Lisa D. 0000-0002-3523-0768 ldmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-0768","contributorId":1125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Lisa","email":"ldmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":941116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Houston, Natalie 0000-0002-6071-4545","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-4545","contributorId":206533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"Natalie","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":941117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70268349,"text":"70268349 - 2025 - Expression of corticoid-regulatory genes in the gills of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr and smolt and during salinity acclimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-23T14:13:14.985143","indexId":"70268349","displayToPublicDate":"2025-06-19T09:10:15","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Expression of corticoid-regulatory genes in the gills of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr and smolt and during salinity acclimation","docAbstract":"In teleost fishes, cortisol is the major corticoid and has both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid actions. However, how fish tissues discriminate between these distinct corticosteroid actions is unclear. In mammals, the major factors responsible for intracellular corticosteroid regulation are glucocorticoid receptors (grs) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (mr), but their role in osmoregulation of fish is unclear. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (hsd11bs) control the levels of intracellular corticosteroids by converting from bioactive forms to inert forms. To investigate how Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) respond to cortisol in different physiological or environmental conditions, we performed comparisons of parr and smolt, and osmotic challenge experiments to examine the physiological responses and gill transcript levels of genes underlying cortisol-signalling, including gr1, gr2, mr, hsd11b2 and hsd11b3. Because cortisol may interact with growth hormone and prolactin during salinity changes, transcript levels encoding growth hormone receptors (ghr1, ghr2) and the prolactin receptor (prlr) were also examined. Hsd11b2 transcript levels in seawater-acclimated fish were consistently lower compared to fish acclimated to fresh water. After transfer to seawater, prlr transcript levels in fish significantly decreased and transcript levels of ghr1, ghr2 and hsd11b3 showed no change or were slightly higher than those of freshwater control groups. Gr1, gr2 and mr transcript levels were slightly but consistently higher in fish acclimated to fresh water relative to seawater. Our results indicate that changes in corticosteroid receptor and hsd11b2 transcript levels in the gills may be important mechanisms that regulate corticoid signals to achieve ion homeostasis in Atlantic salmon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jfb.70119","usgsCitation":"Kusakabe, M., Yada, T., Young, G., Regish, A.M., and McCormick, S.D., 2025, Expression of corticoid-regulatory genes in the gills of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr and smolt and during salinity acclimation: Journal of Fish Biology, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.70119.","ipdsId":"IP-170507","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.70119","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":491096,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Online First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kusakabe, Makoto","contributorId":357249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kusakabe","given":"Makoto","affiliations":[{"id":85369,"text":"Shizuoka University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":940905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yada, Takashi","contributorId":357250,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yada","given":"Takashi","affiliations":[{"id":85372,"text":"National Research Institute of Fisheries Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":940906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, Graham","contributorId":357251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Graham","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":940907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Regish, Amy M. 0000-0003-4747-4265","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4747-4265","contributorId":265360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regish","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":940908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":940909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70268278,"text":"70268278 - 2025 - Discovery of an intact Quaternary paleosol, Georgia Bight, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-20T14:16:38.069571","indexId":"70268278","displayToPublicDate":"2025-06-18T09:08:35","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5841,"text":"Applied Sciences","onlineIssn":"2076-3417","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discovery of an intact Quaternary paleosol, Georgia Bight, USA","docAbstract":"A previously buried paleosol was found on the continental shelf during a study of sea floor scour, nucleated by large artificial reef structures such as vessel hulks, barges, train cars, military vehicles, etc., called “scour nuclei”. It is a relic paleo-land surface of sapling-sized tree stumps, root systems, and fossil animal bone exhumed by scour processes active adjacent to the artificial reef structure. Over the span of five research cruises to the site in 2022–2024, soil samples were taken using hand excavation, PONAR grab samplers, split spoon, hollow tube auger, and a modified Shelby-style push box. High-definition (HD) video was taken using a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) and diver-held cameras. Radiocarbon dating of wood samples returned ages of 42,015–43,417 calibrated years before present (cal yrBP). Pollen studies, together with the recovered macrobotanical remains, support our interpretation of the site as a freshwater forested wetland whose keystone tree species was Taxodium distichum—bald cypress. The paleosol was identified as an Aquult, a sub-order of Ultisols where water tables are at or near the surface year-round. A deep (0.25 m+) argillic horizon comprised the bulk of the preserved soil. Comparable Ultisols found in Georgia wetlands include Typic Paleaquult (Grady and Bayboro series) soils.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/app15126859","usgsCitation":"Garrison, E., Newton, M., Prueitt, B., Jones, E., and Willard, D., 2025, Discovery of an intact Quaternary paleosol, Georgia Bight, USA: Applied Sciences, v. 15, 6859, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/app15126859.","productDescription":"6859, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-177145","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app15126859","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":491020,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Georgia Bight","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.6037065174064,\n 32.05700383452627\n ],\n [\n -80.87744613056587,\n 32.073340398276045\n ],\n [\n -81.16853543751718,\n 31.739498148416956\n ],\n [\n -81.50026399128812,\n 31.09261341173041\n ],\n [\n -81.51308221190993,\n 30.689275547735463\n ],\n [\n -81.13422317222164,\n 30.688050731677237\n ],\n [\n -80.6037065174064,\n 32.05700383452627\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrison, Ervan G.","contributorId":357067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garrison","given":"Ervan G.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":940686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newton, Matthew","contributorId":357068,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newton","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":940687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prueitt, Benjamin","contributorId":357071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prueitt","given":"Benjamin","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":940689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Emily C.","contributorId":357073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Emily C.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":940690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Willard, Debra A. 0000-0003-4878-0942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":269840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":940693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70270396,"text":"70270396 - 2025 - Biological implications for contaminants of emerging concern in the Great Lakes–Upper St Lawrence River drainage: An effect-based ecological hazard assessment in fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-20T16:51:50.588392","indexId":"70270396","displayToPublicDate":"2025-06-18T08:43:56","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biological implications for contaminants of emerging concern in the Great Lakes–Upper St Lawrence River drainage: An effect-based ecological hazard assessment in fish","docAbstract":"Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are released widely and continuously into the Great Lakes Basin–Upper St Lawrence River study area, with many detected in surface water at concentrations known to adversely affect fish. We applied a recent ecological hazard assessment methodology to identify the biological significance of a database of 21,441 surface water CEC concentrations compiled from 7,162 surface water samples collected at 1,021 sampling sites in 387 individual waterbodies throughout the Great Lakes Basin. We assessed hazard to fish in 12 effect categories (e.g., mortality, developmental, reproductive) from aqueous exposure to 16 emerging contaminants. Our hazard assessment used pairs of screening values to generate contaminant- and effect-specific ordinal hazard scores. Using this novel methodology, we generated a database of 93,864 hazard scores. We found the highest level of hazard to fish, indicating probable adverse impacts, was broadly distributed and often associated with municipalities. Mortality, reproductive, and developmental effect categories combined accounted for 17.5% of high hazard observations. Low hazard, indicating possible adverse effects, was prevalent for numerous effect categories and occurred throughout the period 1991–2021. For mortality, reproductive, and developmental effect categories, the incidence of elevated hazard (low or high hazard) among assessed water samples was 20.4%, 39.5%, and 20.3%, respectively. On a local scale, effect-based assessment is an efficient and conceptually simple tool for natural resource managers to obtain effect- and site-specific hazard information concerning CEC effects in fish that can be used in project planning and results interpretation for natural resource monitoring, restoration, and protection.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf147","usgsCitation":"Gefell, D.J., Bellamy, A.R., Kiesling, R.L., Elliott, S.M., and Hummel, S.L., 2025, Biological implications for contaminants of emerging concern in the Great Lakes–Upper St Lawrence River drainage: An effect-based ecological hazard assessment in fish: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 44, no. 10, p. 3004-3023, https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf147.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"3004","endPage":"3023","ipdsId":"IP-147082","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494969,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93MA2EU","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Compilation of contaminant of emerging concern concentrations (1991 - 2021) and associated hazard scores for assessment of potential hazard to fish in the Great Lakes Basin"},{"id":494295,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes–Upper St Lawrence River study area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.12093747053447,\n 50.24282738097176\n ],\n [\n -93.18555897072864,\n 46.549737302479485\n ],\n [\n -89.35016735282879,\n 41.120841480697436\n ],\n [\n -81.2766505886645,\n 40.818536101438454\n ],\n [\n -73.52805108109916,\n 43.298089640713215\n ],\n [\n -68.77067561630659,\n 48.516842742090205\n ],\n [\n -77.03461005100947,\n 47.16888316144038\n ],\n [\n -86.53622259614193,\n 49.82835744099062\n ],\n [\n -90.12093747053447,\n 50.24282738097176\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gefell, Daniel J.","contributorId":138671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gefell","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bellamy, Amber R","contributorId":265773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bellamy","given":"Amber","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":36630,"text":"Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kiesling, Richard L. 0000-0002-3017-1826 kiesling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3017-1826","contributorId":1837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiesling","given":"Richard","email":"kiesling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":946303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elliott, Sarah M. 0000-0002-1414-3024 selliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1414-3024","contributorId":1472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Sarah","email":"selliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":946305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hummel, Stephanie L.","contributorId":359795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hummel","given":"Stephanie","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70268250,"text":"70268250 - 2025 - Mixed natal origins present management challenges for a non-native fish established throughout a modified river network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-10T14:56:29.491021","indexId":"70268250","displayToPublicDate":"2025-06-18T08:25:04","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mixed natal origins present management challenges for a non-native fish established throughout a modified river network","docAbstract":"Expansion of non-native brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam motivated reevaluation of suppression strategies to minimize potential impacts to native fishes in the Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA. Brown trout are one of several non-native fish species of management concern in this river reach, and understanding their natal sources and movement patterns may assist managers in planning suppression strategies. We identified trace elements in brown trout otoliths, which, when coupled with location-specific water chemistry data, identified brown trout natal origins over 19 years. Strontium and manganese concentrations revealed distinct emigration patterns from natal tributary streams and the mainstem Colorado River over two periods. Adult brown trout collected from throughout our study area showed mixed tributary and mainstem natal origins, which persisted during suppression efforts in a known spawning tributary. Unexpectedly, we found evidence of brown trout reproduction in the Colorado River for at least a decade before documentation through field monitoring. Our findings may inform but complicate the development of management strategies for system-wide brown trout suppression.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2024-0267","usgsCitation":"Akland, M., Limburg, K., Healy, B.D., and Pine, W.E., 2025, Mixed natal origins present management challenges for a non-native fish established throughout a modified river network: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 82, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2024-0267.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","ipdsId":"IP-168922","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490920,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.63077077053144,\n 36.80786020404963\n ],\n [\n -111.65750425155792,\n 36.81141589124036\n ],\n [\n -111.76698028633918,\n 36.68345426369245\n ],\n [\n -111.88230163058687,\n 36.503023995019646\n ],\n [\n -111.84019781092644,\n 36.499299737249814\n ],\n [\n -111.68048884893217,\n 36.68934775789845\n ],\n [\n -111.63077077053144,\n 36.80786020404963\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Akland, Michael K.","contributorId":357023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Akland","given":"Michael K.","affiliations":[{"id":85311,"text":"Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":940600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Limburg, Karin E.","contributorId":356369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Limburg","given":"Karin E.","affiliations":[{"id":33387,"text":"SUNY-ESF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":940601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Healy, Brian D. 0000-0002-4402-638X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4402-638X","contributorId":304257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"Brian","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":940602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pine, William E. III","contributorId":139959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pine","given":"William","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13332,"text":"Uni. of Florida Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":940603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70268377,"text":"70268377 - 2025 - Borehole geophysical time-series logging to monitor passive ISCO treatment of residual chlorinated-ethenes in a confining bed, NAS Pensacola, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-24T14:49:19.213209","indexId":"70268377","displayToPublicDate":"2025-06-18T07:43:09","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":21827,"text":"Hydrology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Borehole geophysical time-series logging to monitor passive ISCO treatment of residual chlorinated-ethenes in a confining bed, NAS Pensacola, Florida","docAbstract":"In-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) is a common method to remediate chlorinated ethene contaminants in groundwater. Monitoring the effectiveness of ISCO can be hindered because of insufficient observations to assess oxidant delivery. Advantageously, potassium permanganate, one type of oxidant, provides the opportunity to use its strong electrical signal as a surrogate to track oxidant delivery using time-series borehole geophysical methods, like electromagnetic (EM) induction logging. Here we report a passive ISCO (P-ISCO) experiment, using potassium permanganate cylinders emplaced in boreholes, at a chlorinated ethene contamination site, Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida. The contaminants are found primarily at the base of a shallow sandy aquifer in contact with an underlying silty-clay confining bed. We used results of the time-series borehole logging collected between 2017 and 2022 in 4 monitoring wells to track oxidant delivery. The EM-induction logs from the monitoring wells showed an increase in EM response primarily along the contact, likely from pooling of the oxidant, during P-ISCO treatment in 2021. Interestingly, concurrent natural gamma-ray (NGR) logging showed a decrease in NGR response at 3 of the 4 wells possibly from the formation of manganese precipitates coating sediments. The coupling of time-series logging and well-chemistry data allowed for an improved assessment of passive ISCO treatment effectiveness.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/hydrology12060155","usgsCitation":"Harte, P., Singletary, M., and Landmeyer, J., 2025, Borehole geophysical time-series logging to monitor passive ISCO treatment of residual chlorinated-ethenes in a confining bed, NAS Pensacola, Florida: Hydrology Journal, v. 12, no. 6, 155, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology12060155.","productDescription":"155, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-172305","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology12060155","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":491184,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Pensacola","otherGeospatial":"NAS Pensacola","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.35238712915951,\n 30.378828812173666\n ],\n [\n -87.35238712915951,\n 30.32983549008638\n ],\n [\n -87.23991634365869,\n 30.32983549008638\n ],\n [\n -87.23991634365869,\n 30.378828812173666\n ],\n [\n -87.35238712915951,\n 30.378828812173666\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harte, Philip 0000-0002-7718-1204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":217273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"Philip","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":941145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singletary, Michael A.","contributorId":357307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singletary","given":"Michael A.","affiliations":[{"id":85401,"text":"U.S. Navy Facilities Command, Southeast","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":941146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landmeyer, James E. 0000-0002-5640-3816","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":346430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James E.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":941147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70268060,"text":"sir20255051 - 2025 - Estimated hydrogeologic, spatial, and temporal distribution of self-supplied domestic groundwater withdrawals for aquifers of the Virginia Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-14T19:36:34.867035","indexId":"sir20255051","displayToPublicDate":"2025-06-17T10:40:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-5051","displayTitle":"Estimated Hydrogeologic, Spatial, and Temporal Distribution of Self-Supplied Domestic Groundwater Withdrawals for Aquifers of the Virginia Coastal Plain","title":"Estimated hydrogeologic, spatial, and temporal distribution of self-supplied domestic groundwater withdrawals for aquifers of the Virginia Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"Water use from private-domestic wells accounts for nearly 40 percent of total groundwater withdrawals in the Virginia Coastal Plain Physiographic Province (henceforth called the Virginia Coastal Plain). However, because self-supplied domestic water use generally falls below the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VDEQ) reporting and management threshold of 300,000 gallons per month, quantifying these withdrawals is challenging. This report builds upon the foundation of previous U.S. Geological Survey investigations by providing revised techniques to improve estimates of the aquifer source, spatial distribution, and monthly magnitude of these groundwater withdrawals.
The aquifer sources of private-domestic wells in the Virginia Coastal Plain were estimated by cross-referencing 8,264 well records from the VDEQ and the Virginia Department of Health to a digital model of the Virginia Coastal Plain hydrogeologic framework. This analysis highlights the regional importance of the Yorktown-Eastover, Potomac, and surficial aquifers. Collectively, these three aquifers account for 80 percent of self-supplied domestic groundwater withdrawals.
The population using self-supplied domestic water was estimated using census blocks, well-use ratios, building footprints, and land-use and land-cover data to produce a high-resolution, disaggregated, raster-based dataset. This approach improves upon previous models at the census-block or road-network scale by reducing the low-density spread of the self-supplied domestic population across undeveloped areas and concentrating the population and its corresponding water use in the areas where it is most likely to occur. Results show that an estimated 475,332 people comprise the 2020 self-supplied domestic population of the Virginia Coastal Plain, an increase of 5.7 percent since 2010, and the greatest concentrations of self-supplied domestic population surround large cities. Estimates could be further refined with the addition of current and complete spatial data on public water-system service areas.
The quantity of water used by the self-supplied domestic population was estimated by modifying published state per-capita water-use coefficients with the corresponding monthly variability assessed from Virginia Coastal Plain public water-system withdrawal data. This analysis estimates an average increase of 12 percent from June through August and an average decrease of 8 percent from December through March from the baseline annual average of 80 gallons per day per capita, which generally matches similar studies in the eastern United States.
The application of these revised methodologies for the estimation of private-domestic wells and the self-supplied domestic population improves understanding of domestic groundwater use in the Virginia Coastal Plain across hydrogeologic, spatial, and temporal scales. These revisions help better inform water-resource managers and decision makers and support higher resolution groundwater modeling. Furthermore, these methods are transferrable to other areas where self-supplied domestic water withdrawals are important to the overall water budget.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255051","isbn":"978-1-4113-4609-3","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Virginia Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Kearns, M.R., and Pope, J.P., 2025, Estimated hydrogeologic, spatial, and temporal distribution of self-supplied domestic groundwater withdrawals for aquifers of the Virginia Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5051, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255051.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 45 p.; Data release","numberOfPages":"45","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-168850","costCenters":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494146,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_118651.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":490433,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1QJQ2CB","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Estimated aquifer distribution for private domestic wells; estimated spatial distribution of the self-supplied domestic population for 2020 and 2010; and estimated monthly domestic self-supplied withdrawals of groundwater for the Virginia Coastal Plain"},{"id":490432,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5051/images/"},{"id":490431,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5051/sir20255051.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2025-5051 XML"},{"id":490428,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5051/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":490429,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5051/sir20255051.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2025-5051 PDF"},{"id":490430,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20255051/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2025-5051 HTML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Virginia Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.32710341724686,\n 36.556784944765795\n ],\n [\n -75.86947557927473,\n 36.55265452745853\n ],\n [\n -75.8900431225546,\n 37.161549677245205\n ],\n [\n -75.32957756818404,\n 38.02121666772172\n ],\n [\n -76.21912381502888,\n 37.907709637048185\n ],\n [\n -76.67160976718064,\n 38.146680392024706\n ],\n [\n -77.04182554621384,\n 38.31631983320398\n ],\n [\n -77.04182554621384,\n 38.40904986490523\n ],\n [\n -77.23721720737078,\n 38.34052172806261\n ],\n [\n -77.30406172302983,\n 38.39293143681613\n ],\n [\n -77.18579834917193,\n 38.64236292442064\n ],\n [\n -77.00583234547452,\n 38.722640223692224\n ],\n [\n -77.03717799709146,\n 38.83873960192227\n ],\n [\n -77.1282913174048,\n 38.95928536652022\n ],\n [\n -77.23580503537455,\n 38.99328476178536\n ],\n [\n -77.29958450463103,\n 39.054158449342225\n ],\n [\n -77.6385260561967,\n 39.00744529354114\n ],\n [\n -77.6421696520891,\n 38.07245238381515\n ],\n [\n -77.5875012530419,\n 36.77147021603372\n ],\n [\n -77.58567879299983,\n 36.54488432804379\n ],\n [\n -76.32710341724686,\n 36.556784944765795\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, Virginia 23228
To understand the effects of burial diagenesis on the stable isotope geochemistry of soil-formed clay and carbonate minerals in paleosols, samples were collected from seven cores, spanning middle- to upper-Pennsylvanian strata of the Illinois Basin, with varied maximum burial depths of 1–3 km. Mixed-layer illite-smectite and kaolinite mixtures give δ2H and δ18O values of −83 ‰ to −36 ‰ and 11.9 ‰ to 21.1 ‰ (VSMOW), respectively. After carbonates were screened petrographically for diagenetic textures using transmitted light and cathodoluminescence, measured clumped isotope Δ47 values range from 0.504 to 0.563 ‰ (I-CDES). Resulting mineral formation temperatures for phyllosilicate mineral mixtures are 28 to 66 °C (mean = 47 °C), whereas T(Δ47) estimates for calcites are 36 to 61 °C (mean = 45 °C). Calculated δ18Owater values from which phyllosilicate minerals and calcites precipitated under isotopic equilibrium ranges from −7.1 to −1.2 ‰ and − 1.4 to +4.9 ‰, respectively. Closed and open-system phyllosilicate-fluid exchange modeling indicates that phyllosilicate alteration occurred in the presence of a low temperature brine or meteoric water and is interpreted to occur in a layer-by-layer illitization transformation. Due to the lack of diagenetic textures and positively correlated T(Δ47) and δ18Owater, calcites are interpreted to have undergone solid-state bond reordering. Despite low to moderate temperatures (<125 °C) and varying depths of shallow burial (1–3 km), solid-state transformation of phyllosilicates and calcites indicates paleosols had prolonged exposure to burial conditions which has implications for the use of paleosol minerals for paleoenvironmental reconstructions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2025.122941","usgsCitation":"McIntosh, J.A., Tabor, N., and Montañez, I., 2025, The impact of burial diagenesis on soil-formed minerals in paleosols using stable isotopes of phyllosilicates and carbonate clumped isotopes: Chemical Geology, v. 692, 122941, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2025.122941.","productDescription":"122941, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-171865","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492072,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2025.122941","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":491834,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"Illinois Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.26016848796888,\n 41.70274182675729\n ],\n [\n -90.26016848796888,\n 36.61086981521096\n ],\n [\n -86.39382164848195,\n 36.61086981521096\n ],\n [\n -86.39382164848195,\n 41.70274182675729\n ],\n [\n -90.26016848796888,\n 41.70274182675729\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"692","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McIntosh, Julia A. 0000-0003-2819-8664","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2819-8664","contributorId":331662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntosh","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tabor, Neil J. 0000-0001-8582-9886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8582-9886","contributorId":357718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tabor","given":"Neil J.","affiliations":[{"id":20300,"text":"Southern Methodist University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Montañez, Isabel P. 0000-0003-0492-3796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-3796","contributorId":357719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montañez","given":"Isabel P.","affiliations":[{"id":17619,"text":"University of California at Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70266861,"text":"sir20245061 - 2025 - Estimating daily public supply water use by drinking water service area in New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-17T13:40:29.748047","indexId":"sir20245061","displayToPublicDate":"2025-06-17T09:05:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2024-5061","displayTitle":"Estimating Daily Public Supply Water Use by Drinking Water Service Area in New Jersey","title":"Estimating daily public supply water use by drinking water service area in New Jersey","docAbstract":"This report, prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, presents a method for estimating daily public supply water use by drinking water service area systems for New Jersey. The ability to accurately estimate daily public supply water use could help water supply planners in New Jersey better understand and manage the state’s limited water resources and balance the competing needs for freshwater resources. Data sources for this work include daily public supply water-use data from 2016 through 2020 acquired from New Jersey American Water for 15 drinking water service areas and monthly data exported from the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection’s online water transfer data model database (known as NJWaTr). The two datasets were compared by aggregating the daily data to a monthly timescale. Statistical regression analysis was applied to the daily data, along with climate data, to evaluate what factors are influential in estimating daily fluctuations and trends in daily public supply water use. Fifteen regression equations were developed, one for each of the 15 drinking water service area systems for which daily data were acquired. Regression equations for systems that had seasonal patterns performed better than equations for non-seasonal systems. For the test year (2020), the average adjusted coefficient of determination for the linear regression with autoregressive errors model among systems with seasonality was 0.78; the average adjusted coefficient of determination for the linear regression with autoregressive errors model among systems with little or no seasonality was 0.25. The effects of anomalous data in the regression analysis were examined by comparing adjusted coefficient of determination values when the atypical data points were removed versus when they were retained in the analysis. Overall, including the anomalous data did not have a large effect on the results, and thus the data were retained for this study.
In addition to developing regression equations, all 589 unique drinking water service area systems in New Jersey were characterized based on socio-economic data and monthly water-use data from NJWaTr. Systems that are located near the New Jersey coast, serve populations larger than 1,970 people, or serve areas that have median property values over $256,250 tended to demonstrate seasonal water-use behaviors. Systems that have mostly urban residential land use tended to show little to no seasonal water-use behaviors. Finally, a method was developed to disaggregate monthly data to a daily timescale and was tested against systems for which daily data were not available. Two regression equation forms were developed to be applied to systems beyond the 15 systems from which the original equations were developed; one equation was developed for use when all drinking water service area systems showed little to no seasonality, and the other equation was developed for use when systems displayed seasonal behavior.
To the extent possible, uncertainty and possible sources of error were identified and examined in relation to the regression model equations developed. Additional daily data from these 15 systems (over different years) and daily data from different systems could be used to further evaluate the results of the disaggregation through a comprehensive assessment of error. Further adjustments to the regression equations could be made, ultimately enhancing their accuracy.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20245061","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","programNote":"Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Shourds, J.L., and Scott, M.H., 2025, Estimating daily public supply water use by drinking water service area in New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5061, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245061.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 90 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"90","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-151668","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":485928,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5061/sir20245061.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2024-5061 XML"},{"id":485927,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20245061/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2024-5061 HTML"},{"id":485926,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5061/sir20245061.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2024-5061 PDF"},{"id":485930,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5061/sir20245061_app1.csv","text":"Appendix 1.","size":"41.0 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"description":"SIR 2024-5061 Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"- Drinking water service area systems characteristics for all 589 unique systems in New Jersey"},{"id":485929,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5061/images/"},{"id":485925,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5061/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-75.210876,39.865709],[-75.210425,39.865913],[-75.195324,39.877013],[-75.189323,39.880713],[-75.183023,39.882013],[-75.150721,39.882713],[-75.145421,39.884213],[-75.142421,39.886413],[-75.140221,39.888213],[-75.140006,39.888465],[-75.13342,39.896213],[-75.13082,39.900213],[-75.12792,39.911813],[-75.13012,39.917013],[-75.13282,39.921612],[-75.13502,39.927312],[-75.13612,39.933912],[-75.13572,39.947112],[-75.13352,39.954412],[-75.13012,39.958712],[-75.12692,39.961112],[-75.11922,39.965412],[-75.108119,39.970312],[-75.093718,39.974412],[-75.092481,39.974606],[-75.088618,39.975212],[-75.072017,39.980612],[-75.059994,39.991618],[-75.059017,39.992512],[-75.051217,40.004512],[-75.047016,40.008912],[-75.039316,40.013012],[-75.015515,40.019511],[-75.013796,40.020214],[-75.011115,40.021311],[-75.007914,40.023111],[-74.989914,40.037311],[-74.983913,40.042711],[-74.974713,40.048711],[-74.97432,40.048899],[-74.944412,40.063211],[-74.932211,40.068411],[-74.925311,40.07071],[-74.920811,40.07111],[-74.911911,40.06991],[-74.909011,40.07021],[-74.898573,40.072967],[-74.88781,40.07581],[-74.880209,40.07881],[-74.863809,40.08221],[-74.860909,40.08371],[-74.859809,40.08491],[-74.858209,40.08881],[-74.856509,40.09131],[-74.854409,40.09311],[-74.851108,40.09491],[-74.843408,40.09771],[-74.838008,40.10091],[-74.835108,40.10391],[-74.832808,40.11171],[-74.828408,40.12031],[-74.825907,40.12391],[-74.822307,40.12671],[-74.819007,40.12751],[-74.816307,40.12761],[-74.812807,40.12691],[-74.800607,40.12281],[-74.788706,40.12041],[-74.785106,40.12031],[-74.782106,40.12081],[-74.769488,40.129145],[-74.762864,40.132541],[-74.758882,40.134036],[-74.755305,40.13471],[-74.745905,40.13421],[-74.742905,40.13441],[-74.740605,40.13521],[-74.725663,40.145495],[-74.724304,40.14701],[-74.724134,40.14731],[-74.722604,40.15001],[-74.721604,40.15381],[-74.721504,40.158409],[-74.722304,40.160609],[-74.733804,40.174509],[-74.737205,40.177609],[-74.744105,40.181009],[-74.751705,40.183309],[-74.751943,40.183483],[-74.754305,40.185209],[-74.755605,40.186709],[-74.756905,40.189409],[-74.760605,40.198909],[-74.766905,40.207709],[-74.770406,40.214508],[-74.77136,40.215399],[-74.781206,40.221508],[-74.795306,40.229408],[-74.819507,40.238508],[-74.823907,40.241508],[-74.836307,40.246208],[-74.842308,40.250508],[-74.846608,40.258808],[-74.853108,40.269707],[-74.856508,40.277407],[-74.860492,40.284584],[-74.864692,40.290684],[-74.868209,40.295207],[-74.880609,40.305607],[-74.887109,40.310307],[-74.891609,40.313007],[-74.896409,40.315107],[-74.90331,40.315607],[-74.90831,40.316907],[-74.91741,40.322406],[-74.92681,40.329406],[-74.933111,40.333106],[-74.939711,40.338006],[-74.942954,40.341643],[-74.943776,40.342564],[-74.945088,40.347332],[-74.946006,40.357306],[-74.948722,40.364768],[-74.953697,40.376081],[-74.963997,40.395246],[-74.965508,40.397337],[-74.969597,40.39977],[-74.982735,40.404432],[-74.985467,40.405935],[-74.988901,40.408773],[-74.996378,40.410528],[-74.998651,40.410093],[-75.003351,40.40785],[-75.017221,40.404638],[-75.024775,40.403455],[-75.028315,40.403883],[-75.036616,40.406796],[-75.041651,40.409894],[-75.043071,40.411603],[-75.046473,40.413792],[-75.056102,40.416066],[-75.058848,40.418065],[-75.061489,40.422848],[-75.062923,40.433407],[-75.067425,40.448323],[-75.070568,40.455165],[-75.070568,40.456348],[-75.067302,40.464954],[-75.06805,40.468578],[-75.067776,40.472827],[-75.064327,40.476795],[-75.062227,40.481391],[-75.061937,40.486362],[-75.062373,40.491689],[-75.065275,40.504682],[-75.066001,40.510716],[-75.065853,40.519495],[-75.06509,40.526148],[-75.066402,40.536532],[-75.066426,40.536619],[-75.067257,40.539584],[-75.068615,40.542223],[-75.078503,40.548296],[-75.0957,40.564401],[-75.100325,40.567811],[-75.110903,40.570671],[-75.117292,40.573211],[-75.136748,40.575731],[-75.141906,40.575273],[-75.147368,40.573152],[-75.158446,40.565286],[-75.162871,40.564096],[-75.168609,40.564111],[-75.175307,40.564996],[-75.183151,40.567354],[-75.186737,40.569406],[-75.192352,40.574257],[-75.194046,40.576256],[-75.19487,40.578591],[-75.195114,40.579689],[-75.194656,40.58194],[-75.190796,40.586838],[-75.190146,40.590359],[-75.190369,40.591642],[-75.192291,40.602676],[-75.195923,40.606788],[-75.196803,40.60858],[-75.198499,40.611492],[-75.201348,40.614628],[-75.201812,40.617188],[-75.200708,40.618356],[-75.197891,40.619332],[-75.190691,40.619956],[-75.189283,40.621492],[-75.188579,40.624628],[-75.191059,40.637971],[-75.192276,40.640803],[-75.193492,40.642275],[-75.200468,40.646899],[-75.200452,40.649219],[-75.196676,40.655123],[-75.190852,40.661939],[-75.18794,40.663811],[-75.182756,40.665971],[-75.177491,40.672595],[-75.176803,40.675715],[-75.177587,40.677731],[-75.180564,40.679363],[-75.184516,40.679971],[-75.19058,40.679379],[-75.19692,40.681299],[-75.20092,40.685498],[-75.20392,40.691498],[-75.19872,40.705298],[-75.19442,40.714018],[-75.192612,40.715874],[-75.189412,40.71797],[-75.186372,40.72397],[-75.1825,40.729922],[-75.182084,40.731522],[-75.182804,40.73365],[-75.18578,40.737266],[-75.195349,40.745473],[-75.196325,40.747137],[-75.196861,40.750097],[-75.196533,40.751631],[-75.191796,40.75583],[-75.183037,40.759344],[-75.17904,40.761897],[-75.177477,40.764225],[-75.176855,40.768721],[-75.17562,40.772923],[-75.173349,40.776129],[-75.171587,40.777745],[-75.169523,40.778473],[-75.16365,40.778386],[-75.149378,40.774786],[-75.139106,40.773606],[-75.1344,40.773765],[-75.133303,40.774124],[-75.131465,40.77595],[-75.125867,40.784026],[-75.123088,40.786746],[-75.116842,40.78935],[-75.111343,40.789896],[-75.108505,40.791094],[-75.1008,40.799797],[-75.100277,40.801176],[-75.100165,40.803],[-75.100739,40.805488],[-75.100277,40.807578],[-75.098279,40.810286],[-75.096147,40.812211],[-75.090518,40.815913],[-75.085387,40.821972],[-75.083929,40.824471],[-75.083822,40.827805],[-75.085517,40.830085],[-75.09494,40.837103],[-75.097006,40.839336],[-75.097572,40.840967],[-75.097586,40.843042],[-75.097221,40.844672],[-75.095784,40.847082],[-75.090962,40.849187],[-75.076684,40.849875],[-75.073544,40.84894],[-75.07083,40.847392],[-75.066014,40.847591],[-75.064328,40.848338],[-75.060491,40.85302],[-75.053294,40.8599],[-75.051029,40.865662],[-75.050839,40.868067],[-75.051508,40.870224],[-75.053664,40.87366],[-75.058655,40.877654],[-75.062149,40.882289],[-75.065438,40.885682],[-75.07392,40.892176],[-75.07534,40.894162],[-75.075957,40.895694],[-75.075188,40.900154],[-75.076092,40.907042],[-75.076956,40.90988],[-75.079279,40.91389],[-75.095526,40.924152],[-75.09772,40.926679],[-75.105524,40.936294],[-75.106153,40.939671],[-75.111683,40.948111],[-75.117764,40.953023],[-75.118904,40.956361],[-75.119893,40.961646],[-75.120316,40.96263],[-75.12065,40.964028],[-75.11977,40.96651],[-75.120435,40.968302],[-75.120514,40.968369],[-75.122603,40.970152],[-75.129074,40.968976],[-75.131364,40.969277],[-75.13378,40.970973],[-75.135526,40.973807],[-75.135521,40.976865],[-75.133086,40.980179],[-75.132106,40.982566],[-75.13153,40.984914],[-75.131619,40.9889],[-75.130575,40.991093],[-75.127196,40.993954],[-75.123423,40.996129],[-75.110595,41.002174],[-75.109114,41.004102],[-75.100682,41.006716],[-75.095556,41.008874],[-75.090312,41.013302],[-75.089787,41.014549],[-75.081101,41.016838],[-75.074999,41.01713],[-75.070532,41.01862],[-75.040668,41.031755],[-75.034496,41.036755],[-75.030701,41.038416],[-75.025777,41.039806],[-75.02543,41.04071],[-75.026376,41.04444],[-75.025702,41.046482],[-75.019186,41.052968],[-75.017239,41.055491],[-75.015867,41.05821],[-75.015271,41.061215],[-75.01257,41.066281],[-75.011133,41.067521],[-75.006376,41.067546],[-74.999617,41.073943],[-74.994847,41.076556],[-74.989332,41.078319],[-74.98259,41.079172],[-74.970987,41.085293],[-74.968389,41.087797],[-74.966759,41.093425],[-74.967136,41.094441],[-74.967464,41.095327],[-74.969434,41.096074],[-74.972036,41.095562],[-74.975298,41.094073],[-74.981314,41.08986],[-74.984782,41.088545],[-74.988263,41.088222],[-74.991013,41.088578],[-74.991815,41.089132],[-74.991718,41.092284],[-74.982212,41.108245],[-74.979873,41.110423],[-74.972917,41.113327],[-74.969312,41.113869],[-74.966298,41.113669],[-74.964294,41.114237],[-74.947912,41.12356],[-74.947334,41.124439],[-74.947714,41.126292],[-74.945067,41.129052],[-74.931141,41.133387],[-74.923169,41.138146],[-74.905256,41.155668],[-74.90178,41.161394],[-74.901172,41.16387],[-74.899701,41.166181],[-74.889424,41.1736],[-74.882139,41.180836],[-74.878492,41.187504],[-74.878275,41.190489],[-74.874034,41.198543],[-74.867287,41.208754],[-74.860398,41.217454],[-74.859632,41.219077],[-74.859323,41.220507],[-74.860837,41.222317],[-74.866839,41.226865],[-74.867405,41.22777],[-74.866182,41.232132],[-74.862049,41.237609],[-74.861678,41.241575],[-74.857151,41.248975],[-74.856003,41.250094],[-74.854669,41.25051],[-74.848987,41.251192],[-74.846932,41.253318],[-74.845883,41.254945],[-74.845031,41.258055],[-74.846506,41.261576],[-74.846319,41.263077],[-74.841137,41.27098],[-74.838366,41.277286],[-74.834067,41.281111],[-74.830057,41.2872],[-74.821884,41.293838],[-74.815703,41.296151],[-74.812033,41.298157],[-74.806858,41.303155],[-74.792558,41.310628],[-74.791991,41.311639],[-74.792377,41.314088],[-74.795822,41.318516],[-74.79504,41.320407],[-74.792116,41.322465],[-74.789095,41.323281],[-74.781584,41.324229],[-74.774887,41.324326],[-74.771588,41.325079],[-74.766714,41.328558],[-74.763499,41.331568],[-74.760325,41.340325],[-74.755971,41.344953],[-74.753239,41.346122],[-74.735622,41.346518],[-74.730373,41.345983],[-74.720923,41.347384],[-74.708514,41.352734],[-74.704429,41.354043],[-74.700595,41.354553],[-74.694914,41.357423],[-74.641544,41.332879],[-74.607348,41.317774],[-74.499603,41.267344],[-74.457584,41.248225],[-74.378898,41.208994],[-74.365849,41.202999],[-74.320995,41.182394],[-74.301994,41.172594],[-74.234473,41.142883],[-74.21321,41.134192],[-74.18239,41.121595],[-74.096786,41.083796],[-74.092486,41.081896],[-74.041054,41.059088],[-74.041049,41.059086],[-73.91188,41.001297],[-73.907054,40.998476],[-73.90501,40.997591],[-73.90268,40.997297],[-73.893979,40.997197],[-73.896479,40.981697],[-73.90728,40.951498],[-73.91558,40.924898],[-73.91768,40.919498],[-73.917905,40.917577],[-73.918405,40.917477],[-73.919705,40.913478],[-73.926758,40.895355],[-73.929006,40.889578],[-73.933406,40.882078],[-73.933408,40.882075],[-73.938081,40.874699],[-73.948281,40.858399],[-73.953982,40.848],[-73.963182,40.8269],[-73.968082,40.8207],[-73.984822,40.797444],[-73.991568,40.788074],[-74.000223,40.77605],[-74.009184,40.763601],[-74.013784,40.756601],[-74.021117,40.727417],[-74.024543,40.709436],[-74.038538,40.710741],[-74.051185,40.695802],[-74.069885,40.684502],[-74.082786,40.673702],[-74.089986,40.659903],[-74.087397,40.653607],[-74.094086,40.649703],[-74.143387,40.641903],[-74.161397,40.644092],[-74.181083,40.646484],[-74.186027,40.646076],[-74.189106,40.643832],[-74.202223,40.631053],[-74.206731,40.594569],[-74.208988,40.576304],[-74.214788,40.560604],[-74.218189,40.557204],[-74.231589,40.559204],[-74.248641,40.549601],[-74.251441,40.542301],[-74.246237,40.520963],[-74.26829,40.499205],[-74.269998,40.495014],[-74.27269,40.488405],[-74.26759,40.471806],[-74.261889,40.464706],[-74.236689,40.457806],[-74.225035,40.453301],[-74.224047,40.452919],[-74.222959,40.452499],[-74.209788,40.447407],[-74.206188,40.440707],[-74.206419,40.438789],[-74.208655,40.43752],[-74.207205,40.435434],[-74.202128,40.43894],[-74.193908,40.440995],[-74.191309,40.44299],[-74.187787,40.447407],[-74.174787,40.455607],[-74.174893,40.454491],[-74.175074,40.449144],[-74.176842,40.44774],[-74.175346,40.446607],[-74.169977,40.45064],[-74.167009,40.448737],[-74.166193,40.447128],[-74.164029,40.448312],[-74.163314,40.448424],[-74.157787,40.446607],[-74.153611,40.447647],[-74.152686,40.447344],[-74.151952,40.448062],[-74.142886,40.450407],[-74.139886,40.453407],[-74.138415,40.454468],[-74.135823,40.455196],[-74.133727,40.454672],[-74.131135,40.453245],[-74.127466,40.451061],[-74.124692,40.44958],[-74.122327,40.448258],[-74.116863,40.446069],[-74.088085,40.438407],[-74.076185,40.433707],[-74.058984,40.422708],[-74.047884,40.418908],[-74.006383,40.411108],[-73.998505,40.410911],[-73.995486,40.419472],[-73.991682,40.442908],[-74.006077,40.464625],[-74.017783,40.472207],[-74.017917,40.474338],[-74.014031,40.476471],[-74.0071,40.475298],[-73.995683,40.468707],[-73.978282,40.440208],[-73.976982,40.408508],[-73.971381,40.371709],[-73.971381,40.34801],[-73.977442,40.299373],[-73.981681,40.279411],[-73.993292,40.237669],[-74.016017,40.166914],[-74.030181,40.122814],[-74.03408,40.103115],[-74.031861,40.101047],[-74.031318,40.100541],[-74.033546,40.099518],[-74.039421,40.081437],[-74.058798,40.001244],[-74.064135,39.979157],[-74.077247,39.910991],[-74.090945,39.799978],[-74.097071,39.767847],[-74.096906,39.76303],[-74.09892,39.759538],[-74.101443,39.756173],[-74.113655,39.740719],[-74.141733,39.689435],[-74.190974,39.625118],[-74.240506,39.554911],[-74.249043,39.547994],[-74.27737,39.514064],[-74.291585,39.507705],[-74.311037,39.506715],[-74.312451,39.499869],[-74.313689,39.493874],[-74.308344,39.483945],[-74.304778,39.482945],[-74.302184,39.478935],[-74.304343,39.471445],[-74.334804,39.432001],[-74.36699,39.402017],[-74.406692,39.377516],[-74.406792,39.373916],[-74.408237,39.365071],[-74.412692,39.360816],[-74.459894,39.345016],[-74.521797,39.313816],[-74.541443,39.300245],[-74.551151,39.293539],[-74.553439,39.286915],[-74.560957,39.278677],[-74.581008,39.270819],[-74.597921,39.258851],[-74.614481,39.244659],[-74.636306,39.220834],[-74.646595,39.212002],[-74.651443,39.198578],[-74.67143,39.179802],[-74.714341,39.119804],[-74.71532,39.116893],[-74.714135,39.114631],[-74.704409,39.107858],[-74.705876,39.102937],[-74.738316,39.074727],[-74.778777,39.023073],[-74.786356,39.000113],[-74.792723,38.991991],[-74.807917,38.985948],[-74.819354,38.979402],[-74.850748,38.954538],[-74.864458,38.94041],[-74.865198,38.941439],[-74.870497,38.943543],[-74.882309,38.941759],[-74.90705,38.931994],[-74.920414,38.929136],[-74.933571,38.928519],[-74.963463,38.931194],[-74.967274,38.933413],[-74.971995,38.94037],[-74.955363,39.001262],[-74.94947,39.015637],[-74.93832,39.035185],[-74.903664,39.087437],[-74.897784,39.098811],[-74.892547,39.113183],[-74.885914,39.143627],[-74.887167,39.158825],[-74.905181,39.174945],[-74.914936,39.177553],[-74.962382,39.190238],[-74.976266,39.192271],[-74.998002,39.191253],[-75.026179,39.193621],[-75.028885,39.19456],[-75.027824,39.199482],[-75.023586,39.202594],[-75.023437,39.204791],[-75.026376,39.20985],[-75.035672,39.215415],[-75.041663,39.215511],[-75.047797,39.211702],[-75.052326,39.213609],[-75.062506,39.213564],[-75.086395,39.208159],[-75.101019,39.211657],[-75.107286,39.211403],[-75.114748,39.207554],[-75.12707,39.189766],[-75.136548,39.179425],[-75.139136,39.180021],[-75.165979,39.201842],[-75.164798,39.216606],[-75.170444,39.234643],[-75.177506,39.242746],[-75.205857,39.262619],[-75.21251,39.262755],[-75.241639,39.274097],[-75.244056,39.27769],[-75.242881,39.280574],[-75.244357,39.2857],[-75.251806,39.299913],[-75.271629,39.304041],[-75.28262,39.299055],[-75.285333,39.292212],[-75.288898,39.289557],[-75.30601,39.301712],[-75.315201,39.310593],[-75.326754,39.332473],[-75.327463,39.33927],[-75.333743,39.345335],[-75.341969,39.348697],[-75.355558,39.347823],[-75.365016,39.341388],[-75.39003,39.358259],[-75.394331,39.363753],[-75.395181,39.371398],[-75.399304,39.37949],[-75.407294,39.381954],[-75.422099,39.386521],[-75.431803,39.391625],[-75.442393,39.402291],[-75.465212,39.43893],[-75.476279,39.438126],[-75.483572,39.440824],[-75.505672,39.452927],[-75.508383,39.459131],[-75.536431,39.460559],[-75.542894,39.470447],[-75.544368,39.479602],[-75.542693,39.496568],[-75.528088,39.498114],[-75.527141,39.500112],[-75.529368,39.501229],[-75.53014,39.505373],[-75.529978,39.510817],[-75.526654,39.526638],[-75.526787,39.53144],[-75.527676,39.535278],[-75.531575,39.536825],[-75.534014,39.540702],[-75.532342,39.54328],[-75.526003,39.548488],[-75.519026,39.555401],[-75.514756,39.562612],[-75.511932,39.567616],[-75.512732,39.578],[-75.515228,39.580752],[-75.519628,39.583248],[-75.521596,39.583088],[-75.525677,39.584048],[-75.531133,39.587984],[-75.534477,39.590384],[-75.537213,39.592944],[-75.53954,39.594251],[-75.539949,39.594384],[-75.543965,39.596],[-75.545405,39.596784],[-75.553502,39.602],[-75.55587,39.605824],[-75.556734,39.606688],[-75.557502,39.609184],[-75.556878,39.612144],[-75.558446,39.617296],[-75.559614,39.624208],[-75.559102,39.629056],[-75.559446,39.629812],[-75.556246,39.634912],[-75.550645,39.637912],[-75.547197,39.640528],[-75.542045,39.646012],[-75.539245,39.646112],[-75.535144,39.647212],[-75.526744,39.655113],[-75.526844,39.655713],[-75.526344,39.656413],[-75.522343,39.660813],[-75.518343,39.663913],[-75.514643,39.668613],[-75.511743,39.674313],[-75.509342,39.685313],[-75.509742,39.686113],[-75.509042,39.694513],[-75.507162,39.696961],[-75.504042,39.698313],[-75.496241,39.701413],[-75.491341,39.711113],[-75.488553,39.714833],[-75.485241,39.715813],[-75.483141,39.715513],[-75.481741,39.714546],[-75.47894,39.713813],[-75.47764,39.715013],[-75.476888,39.718337],[-75.477432,39.720561],[-75.47724,39.724713],[-75.47544,39.728713],[-75.475384,39.731057],[-75.474168,39.735473],[-75.469239,39.743613],[-75.466263,39.750737],[-75.466249,39.750769],[-75.463039,39.758313],[-75.463339,39.761213],[-75.459439,39.765813],[-75.452339,39.769013],[-75.447339,39.773313],[-75.448135,39.773969],[-75.448639,39.774113],[-75.440909,39.780831],[-75.437938,39.783413],[-75.405337,39.796213],[-75.415041,39.801786],[-75.403737,39.807512],[-75.390536,39.815312],[-75.389764,39.815819],[-75.371835,39.827612],[-75.3544,39.839917],[-75.341765,39.846082],[-75.330433,39.849012],[-75.323232,39.849812],[-75.309674,39.850179],[-75.293376,39.848782],[-75.271159,39.84944],[-75.243431,39.854597],[-75.235026,39.856613],[-75.221025,39.861113],[-75.210876,39.865709]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"New Jersey\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3450 Princeton Pike
Suite 110
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648