{"pageNumber":"240","pageRowStart":"5975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10957,"records":[{"id":70027459,"text":"70027459 - 2004 - Contaminants in molting long-tailed ducks and nesting common eiders in the Beaufort Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-13T12:35:42","indexId":"70027459","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminants in molting long-tailed ducks and nesting common eiders in the Beaufort Sea","docAbstract":"<p>In 2000, we collected blood from long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis) and blood and eggs from common eiders (Somateria mollissima) at near-shore islands in the vicinity of Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, and at a reference area east of Prudhoe Bay. Blood was analyzed for trace elements and egg contents were analyzed for trace elements, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Except for Se (mean=36.1 ??g/g dry weight (dw) in common eiders and 48.8 ??g/g dw in long-tailed ducks), concentrations of trace elements in blood were low and, although several trace elements differed between areas, they were not consistently higher at one location. In long-tailed ducks, Se in blood was positively correlated with activities of two serum enzymes, suggestive of an adverse effect of increasing Se levels on the liver. Although common eiders had high Se concentrations in their blood, Se residues in eggs were low (mean=2.28 ??g/g dw). Strontium and Ni were higher in eggs near Prudhoe Bay than at the reference area, but none of the other trace elements or organic contaminants in eggs differed between locations. Concentrations of Ca, Sr, Mg, and Ni differed among eggs having no visible development, early-stage embryos, or late-stage embryos. Residues of 4,4???-DDE, cis-nonachlor, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene, oxychlordane, and trans-nonachlor were found in 100% of the common eider eggs, but at low concentrations (means of 2.35-7.45 ??g/kg wet weight (ww)). The mean total PCB concentration in eggs was 15.12 ??g/kg ww. Of PAHs tested for, residues of 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene and naphthalene were found in 100% of the eggs, at mean concentrations of 0.36-0.89 ??g/kg ww.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2003.08.027","issn":"0025326X","usgsCitation":"Franson, J.C., Hollmén, T., Flint, P.L., Grand, J., and Lanctot, R., 2004, Contaminants in molting long-tailed ducks and nesting common eiders in the Beaufort Sea: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 48, no. 5-6, p. 504-513, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2003.08.027.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"504","endPage":"513","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210901,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2003.08.027"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Prudhoe Bay","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea, Spy to Flaxman Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -149.91943359375,\n              70.5925460348269\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.8040771484375,\n              70.49740751393682\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.7713623046875,\n              70.35201194155984\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.370361328125,\n              70.26687217723257\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.98583984375,\n              70.18510275498964\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.5244140625,\n              70.1440961784468\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.810302734375,\n              70.09365861649229\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.326904296875,\n              70.09552886456429\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.0247802734375,\n              70.09552886456429\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.8160400390625,\n              70.19627225262023\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.0028076171875,\n              70.25202914452564\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.62353515625,\n              70.29467399653527\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.3486328125,\n              70.42391918114119\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.67822265625,\n              70.48273108822765\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.0352783203125,\n              70.5505206897679\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.49670410156247,\n              70.53588268255716\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.2987060546875,\n              70.57976496276407\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.91943359375,\n              70.5925460348269\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa3fe4b0c8380cd4d9da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franson, J. C. 0000-0002-0251-4238","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":99071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hollmén, Tuula E.","contributorId":32112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hollmén","given":"Tuula E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grand, J.B.","contributorId":11150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":77879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard B.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":413771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70195447,"text":"70195447 - 2004 - Chronostratigraphic and depositional sequences of the Fort Union formation (Paleocene), Williston Basin, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T15:37:57","indexId":"70195447","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5382,"text":"AAPG Studies in Geology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"seriesNumber":"51","chapter":"6","title":"Chronostratigraphic and depositional sequences of the Fort Union formation (Paleocene), Williston Basin, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana","docAbstract":"<p>The Fort Union Formation in the Williston Basin of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana comprises chronostratigraphic and depositional sequences of Paleocene age. Individual chronostratigraphic sequences are defined by palynostratigraphic (pollen and spore) biozones and radiometric (<sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar) ages obtained from tonsteins or volcanic ash layers. Analyses of depositional sequences are based on lithofacies constrained by the radiometric ages and biozones.</p><p>The lower Paleocene (biozones P1-P3) contains three marine parasequences (landward stepping) in southwestern North Dakota that sequentially onlapped westward between 65 and 61 Ma (lower Ludlow and Cannonball Members). Maximum flooding (transgressive systems tract) occurred during an approximate 1-m.y. interval from 65 to 64 Ma, which regionally is correlated biostratigraphically to a tidally influenced, distributary-shoreface, and fluvial-channel complex in the Cave Hills, northwestern South Dakota, and to channel-dominated fluvial (low-stand incised paleovalley systems) and tidally influenced, flood-plain-deltaic transition facies in the Ekalaka area of southeastern Montana.</p><p>The progradational parasequences in the Cannonball Member consist of shore-face sandstone beds (with ravinement lag deposits) deposited by strand-plain barrier systems. Landward of the barrier systems, tidal-estuarine and mire deposits included thick but laterally discontinuous peat accumulations (e.g., Beta and Yule coal beds in the Ludlow Member, southwestern North Dakota). However, landward of the coastal deposits, the laterally equivalent T-Cross-Big Dirty coal zone (dated 64.78 Ma) in southeastern Montana formed as thick, laterally extensive peat accumulations in mires in a fluvial setting. In the flood-plain-deltaic, tidal transition zone near Ekalaka, Montana, the Ludlow Member consists of flood-plain facies, discontinuous coal beds, and rooted and burrowed horizons that contain the marine or brackish trace fossil<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Skolithos.</i><span>&nbsp;</span>The flood-plain-deltaic tidal transition zone facies are incised by a massive, agglomerated channel sandstone complex (paleovalley fill) that is exposed along the modern Snow Creek drainage south of Mill Iron, Montana. The flood-plain-tidal transition zone was reworked during the maximum sea level highstand during the early Paleocene. This event was followed by a fall of sea level and deposition of the paleovalley fill.</p><p>Sea level fall during the mid-Paleocene (biozones P3 and P4) produced a regressive shallow-marine and lower deltaic tidal system (seaward stepping) that deposited strata that thin toward the east. These strata are overlain by a widespread paleosol (Rhame bed) and, in turn, a lignite-bearing fluvial facies (Tongue River Member) containing the laterally persistent Harmon-Hanson coal zone (61.23 Ma). Upper Paleocene biozone P5 is represented by fluvial, coal-bearing strata that contain several economically minable coal beds (HT Butte, Hagel, and Beulah-Zap zones, Sentinel Butte Member).</p><p>The Fort Union Formation of the Williston Basin contains significant coal resources. These coal deposits are now being explored for their potential coal-bed gas resources. A better understanding of the depositional setting for these deposits can lead to improved exploration and exploitation practices and a better understanding of regional paleogeography and paleoclimate during the Paleocene.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sequence stratigraphy, paleoclimate, and tectonics of coal-bearing strata: AAPG Studies in Geology vol. 51","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/St51982C6","usgsCitation":"Warwick, P.D., Flores, R.M., Nichols, D.J., and Murphy, E., 2004, Chronostratigraphic and depositional sequences of the Fort Union formation (Paleocene), Williston Basin, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana, chap. 6 <i>of</i> Sequence stratigraphy, paleoclimate, and tectonics of coal-bearing strata: AAPG Studies in Geology vol. 51: AAPG Studies in Geology, v. 51, p. 121-145, https://doi.org/10.1306/St51982C6.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"145","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":351672,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351671,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/1283/chapter/107124566/chronostratigraphic-and-depositional-sequences-of"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Williston Basin","volume":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff0689e4b0da30c1bfcdb7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Pashin, Jack C.","contributorId":190847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pashin","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728660,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gastaldo, Robert A.","contributorId":13389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gastaldo","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728661,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":728656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flores, Romeo M. rflores@usgs.gov","contributorId":71984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"Romeo","email":"rflores@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":728657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, Douglas J.","contributorId":87184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murphy, Edward C.","contributorId":8826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Edward C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027281,"text":"70027281 - 2004 - Supergroup stratigraphy of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains (Middle? Jurassic through holocene, Eastern North America)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T06:49:15","indexId":"70027281","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Supergroup stratigraphy of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains (Middle? Jurassic through holocene, Eastern North America)","docAbstract":"An inclusive supergroup stratigraphic framework for the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains is proposed herein. This framework consists of five supergroups that 1) are regionally inclusive and regionally applicable, 2) meaningfully reflect the overall stratigraphic and structural history of the Coastal Plains geologic province of the southeastern United States, and 3) create stratigraphic units that are readily mappable and useful at a regional level. Only the Marquesas Supergroup (Lower Cretaceous to lowest Upper Cretaceous) has been previously established. The Trent Supergroup (middle middle Eocene to basal lower Miocene) is an existing name here raised to supergroup rank. The Minden Supergroup (Middle? through Upper Jurassic), the Ancora Supergroup (Upper Cretaceous to lower middle Eocene), and the Nomini Supergroup (lower Miocene to Recent) are new stratigraphic concepts proposed herein. In order to bring existing groups and formations into accord with the supergroups described here, the following stratigraphic revisions are made. 1) The base of the Shark River Formation (Trent Supergroup) is moved upward. 2) The Old Church Formation is removed from the Chesapeake Group (Nomini Supergroup) and moved to the Trent Supergroup without group placement. 3) The Tiger Leap and Penney Farms formations are removed from the Hawthorn Group (Nomini Supergroup) and moved to the Trent Supergroup without group placement. 4) The Piney Point and Chickahominy formations are removed from the Pamunkey Group (Ancora Supergroup) and moved to the Trent Supergroup without group placement. 5) the Tallahatta Formation is removed from the Claiborne Group (Trent Supergroup) and placed within the Ancora Supergroup without group placement.","language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"Weems, R.E., Self-Trail, J., and Edwards, L.E., 2004, Supergroup stratigraphy of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains (Middle? Jurassic through holocene, Eastern North America): Southeastern Geology, v. 42, no. 4, p. 191-216.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f59e4b08c986b31e4f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weems, Robert E. 0000-0002-1907-7804 rweems@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1907-7804","contributorId":2663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weems","given":"Robert","email":"rweems@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Self-Trail, Jean 0000-0002-3018-4985 jstrail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3018-4985","contributorId":147370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self-Trail","given":"Jean","email":"jstrail@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027276,"text":"70027276 - 2004 - Non-double-couple microearthquakes at Long Valley caldera, California, provide evidence for hydraulic fracturing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-17T10:43:55","indexId":"70027276","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Non-double-couple microearthquakes at Long Valley caldera, California, provide evidence for hydraulic fracturing","docAbstract":"<p><span>Most of 26 small (0.4≲</span><i>M</i><span>≲3.1) microearthquakes at Long Valley caldera in mid-1997, analyzed using data from a dense temporary network of 69 digital three-component seismometers, have significantly non-double-couple focal mechanisms, inconsistent with simple shear faulting. We determined their mechanisms by inverting&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>- and&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>-wave polarities and amplitude ratios using linear-programming methods, and tracing rays through a three-dimensional Earth model derived using tomography. More than 80% of the mechanisms have positive (volume increase) isotropic components and most have compensated linear-vector dipole components with outward-directed major dipoles. The simplest interpretation of these mechanisms is combined shear and extensional faulting with a volume-compensating process, such as rapid flow of water, steam, or CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;into opening tensile cracks. Source orientations of earthquakes in the south moat suggest extensional faulting on ESE-striking subvertical planes, an orientation consistent with planes defined by earthquake hypocenters. The focal mechanisms show that clearly defined hypocentral planes in different locations result from different source processes. One such plane in the eastern south moat is consistent with extensional faulting, while one near Casa Diablo Hot Springs reflects en echelon right-lateral shear faulting. Source orientations at Mammoth Mountain vary systematically with location, indicating that the volcano influences the local stress field. Events in a ‘spasmodic burst’ at Mammoth Mountain have practically identical mechanisms that indicate nearly pure compensated tensile failure and high fluid mobility. Five earthquakes had mechanisms involving small volume decreases, but these may not be significant. No mechanisms have volumetric moment fractions larger than that of a force dipole, but the reason for this fact is unknown.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00420-7","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Foulger, G., Julian, B., Hill, D., Pitt, A., Malin, P., and Shalev, E., 2004, Non-double-couple microearthquakes at Long Valley caldera, California, provide evidence for hydraulic fracturing: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 132, no. 1, p. 45-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00420-7.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209009,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00420-7"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.96545410156251,\n              37.62075814551956\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.60427856445311,\n              37.62075814551956\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.60427856445311,\n              37.79350762410675\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.96545410156251,\n              37.79350762410675\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.96545410156251,\n              37.62075814551956\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"132","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6740e4b0c8380cd73245","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foulger, G.R.","contributorId":14439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foulger","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Julian, B.R.","contributorId":101272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, D.P.","contributorId":27432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pitt, A.D.","contributorId":41440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitt","given":"A.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Malin, P.E.","contributorId":108104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malin","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shalev, E.","contributorId":95659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shalev","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026190,"text":"70026190 - 2004 - Surface rupture and slip distribution of the Denali and Totschunda faults in the 3 November 2002 M 7.9 earthquake, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-09T16:43:56.403246","indexId":"70026190","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface rupture and slip distribution of the Denali and Totschunda faults in the 3 November 2002 M 7.9 earthquake, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>The 3 November 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake resulted in 341 km of surface rupture on the Susitna Glacier, Denali, and Totschunda faults. The rupture proceeded from west to east and began with a 48-km-long break on the previously unknown Susitna Glacier thrust fault. Slip on this thrust averaged about 4 m </span><span id=\"xref-ref-6-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\">(Crone <i>et al.</i>, 2004)</span><span>. Next came the principal surface break, along 226 km of the Denali fault, with average right-lateral offsets of 4.5–5.1 m and a maximum offset of 8.8 m near its eastern end. The Denali fault trace is commonly left stepping and north side up. About 99 km of the fault ruptured through glacier ice, where the trace orientation was commonly influenced by local ice fabric. Finally, slip transferred southeastward onto the Totschunda fault and continued for another 66 km where dextral offsets average 1.6–1.8 m. The transition from the Denali fault to the Totschunda fault occurs over a complex 25-km-long transfer zone of right-slip and normal fault traces. Three methods of calculating average surface slip all yield a moment magnitude of </span><i>M</i><sub>w</sub><span> 7.8, in very good agreement with the seismologically determined magnitude of </span><strong>M</strong><span> 7.9. A comparison of strong-motion inversions for moment release with our slip distribution shows they have a similar pattern. The locations of the two largest pulses of moment release correlate with the locations of increasing steps in the average values of observed slip. This suggests that slip-distribution data can be used to infer moment release along other active fault traces.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120040626","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., Schwartz, D.P., Dawson, T.E., Stenner, H.D., Lienkaemper, J.J., Sherrod, B.L., Cinti, F.R., Montone, P., Craw, P., Crone, A.J., and Personius, S.F., 2004, Surface rupture and slip distribution of the Denali and Totschunda faults in the 3 November 2002 M 7.9 earthquake, Alaska: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 6B, p. S23-S52, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040626.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"S23","endPage":"S52","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234811,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali Fault, Totschunda Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -150,\n              58\n            ],\n            [\n              -140,\n              58\n            ],\n            [\n              -140,\n              65\n            ],\n            [\n              -150,\n              65\n            ],\n            [\n              -150,\n              58\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"6B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9fbbe4b08c986b31e7d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":408378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200 dschwartz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":1940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","email":"dschwartz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":408375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, Timothy E.","contributorId":24429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7099,"text":"Calif. Geol. Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":408381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stenner, Heidi D.","contributorId":35868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stenner","given":"Heidi","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":408377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sherrod, Brian L. 0000-0002-4492-8631 bsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4492-8631","contributorId":2834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"Brian","email":"bsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":408382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cinti, Francesca R.","contributorId":24632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cinti","given":"Francesca","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Montone, Paola","contributorId":80874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montone","given":"Paola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Craw, Patricia","contributorId":71055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craw","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Crone, Anthony J. 0000-0002-3006-406X crone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-406X","contributorId":790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"Anthony","email":"crone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":408380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Personius, Stephen F. personius@usgs.gov","contributorId":1214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personius","given":"Stephen","email":"personius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":408372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70184568,"text":"70184568 - 2004 - Comparison of 13 equations for determining evapotranspiration from a prairie wetland, Cottonwood Lake Area, North Dakota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-16T20:19:45","indexId":"70184568","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of 13 equations for determining evapotranspiration from a prairie wetland, Cottonwood Lake Area, North Dakota, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Evapotranspiration determined using the energy-budget method at a semi-permanent prairie-pothole wetland in east-central North Dakota, USA was compared with 12 other commonly used methods. The Priestley-Taylor and deBruin-Keijman methods compared best with the energy-budget values; mean differences were less than 0.1 mm d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, and standard deviations were less than 0.3 mm d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Both methods require measurement of air temperature, net radiation, and heat storage in the wetland water. The Penman, Jensen-Haise, and Brutsaert-Stricker methods provided the next-best values for evapotranspiration relative to the energy-budget method. The mass-transfer, deBruin, and Stephens-Stewart methods provided the worst comparisons; the mass-transfer and deBruin comparisons with energy-budget values indicated a large standard deviation, and the deBruin and Stephens-Stewart comparisons indicated a large bias. The Jensen-Haise method proved to be cost effective, providing relatively accurate comparisons with the energy-budget method (mean difference=0.44 mm d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, standard deviation=0.42 mm d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) and requiring only measurements of air temperature and solar radiation. The Mather (Thornthwaite) method is the simplest, requiring only measurement of air temperature, and it provided values that compared relatively well with energy-budget values (mean difference=0.47 mm d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, standard deviation=0.56 mm d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>). Modifications were made to several of the methods to make them more suitable for use in prairie wetlands. The modified Makkink, Jensen-Haise, and Stephens-Stewart methods all provided results that were nearly as close to energy-budget values as were the Priestley-Taylor and deBruin-Keijman methods, and all three of these modified methods only require measurements of air temperature and solar radiation. The modified Hamon method provided values that were within 20 percent of energy-budget values during 95 percent of the comparison periods, and it only requires measurement of air temperature. The mass-transfer coefficient, associated with the commonly used mass-transfer method, varied seasonally, with the largest values occurring during summer.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Wetland Scientists","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2004)024[0483:COEFDE]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D.O., Stannard, D.L., Winter, T.C., and Martinez, M.L., 2004, Comparison of 13 equations for determining evapotranspiration from a prairie wetland, Cottonwood Lake Area, North Dakota, USA: Wetlands, v. 24, no. 3, p. 483-497, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2004)024[0483:COEFDE]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"483","endPage":"497","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"McHenry County","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood Lake Area ","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-100.2771,48.543],[-100.2777,48.3704],[-100.2376,48.3699],[-100.2384,48.0218],[-100.1972,48.0213],[-100.1987,47.8477],[-100.5846,47.847],[-100.9685,47.8472],[-100.9705,48.0218],[-101.0144,48.023],[-101.0137,48.3715],[-101.0592,48.3713],[-101.0593,48.3727],[-101.0593,48.4595],[-101.0574,48.5463],[-101.0574,48.6312],[-100.9258,48.6321],[-100.7649,48.6321],[-100.7595,48.6321],[-100.6886,48.6313],[-100.6777,48.6313],[-100.6647,48.6313],[-100.5359,48.63],[-100.4056,48.6304],[-100.4044,48.5436],[-100.2771,48.543]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"McHenry\",\"state\":\"ND\"}}]}","volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c943e4b0f37a93ee9b41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stannard, David L.","contributorId":187991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stannard","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martinez, Margo L.","contributorId":187990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinez","given":"Margo","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70142162,"text":"70142162 - 2004 - Regional analysis of spiculite faunas in the permian phosphoria basin: Implications for paleoceanography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-19T10:32:27","indexId":"70142162","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3872,"text":"Handbook of Exploration and Environmental Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"chapter":"5","title":"Regional analysis of spiculite faunas in the permian phosphoria basin: Implications for paleoceanography","docAbstract":"<p>The sponge spiculites of the Permian Phosphoria basin, Antler high, and eastern Havallah basin were the southernmost expression of one of the largest spiculite belts in the Earth's history. This spiculite belt extended from Nevada to the Barents Sea. In Idaho and Nevada, the spicule populations of this belt are dominated by demosponge spicules and are distinctive for their abundant rhax microscleres, large monaxons, and lithistid desmas. They form an Eastern Belt of spiculites that interfingers with spicule assemblages derived from choristid demosponges and hexactinellids that lived along the eastern margin of the deeper Havallah basin. The Havallah basin assemblages are similar to those in Permian arc terranes to the west, and together the sponge populations in this domain constitute a dis- tinct Central Belt. Radiolarians are virtually absent in the siliceous microfossil populations of the Eastern Belt, abundant in the populations of the Central Belt, and dominant in the populations of a Western Belt confined to Mesozoic accretionary complexes in the Pacific Coast States. The scattered sponge spicules in the Western Belt radiolarites were derived from hexactinellids.</p>\n<p>During the Permian, the relative abundance and apparent diversity of siliceous sponges expanded over a wide range of depths in the basins from Nevada and Idaho to the open ocean. Radiolarian preservation and apparent diversity increased in the deeper Cordilleran basins as well. In the Arctic regions, significant sponge spiculites were deposited in epicratonic basins. At the same time that siliceous sponge populations expanded along the northwestern margin of Pangea, warm-water carbonate producers disappeared. Suppression of carbonate-producing organisms along the margin was critical to the accu- mulation and preservation of both the demosponge spiculites in the Eastern Belt and the spicule-rich argillites of the Central Belt. Vigorous thermohaline circulation was the major control on the paleobiogeography of the late Early, Middle, and early Late Permian along northwest Pangea. It was driven by cold, nutrient- and oxygen-rich northern waters and it produced a coastal current that swept down the margin of the supercontinent. The upwelling associated with deposition of world-class phosphorites in the Phosphoria basin was a part of this larger oceanographic system.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/S1874-2734(04)80007-X","usgsCitation":"Murchey, B.L., 2004, Regional analysis of spiculite faunas in the permian phosphoria basin: Implications for paleoceanography: Handbook of Exploration and Environmental Geochemistry, v. 8, p. 111-135, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1874-2734(04)80007-X.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":298749,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550bf335e4b02e76d759cdf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murchey, Benita L. bmurchey@usgs.gov","contributorId":504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchey","given":"Benita","email":"bmurchey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":541645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001081,"text":"1001081 - 2004 - Burrowing mayflies as indicators of ecosystem health: Status of populations in two western Lake Superior embayments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T12:49:27","indexId":"1001081","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Burrowing mayflies as indicators of ecosystem health: Status of populations in two western Lake Superior embayments","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Environment Canada are supporting the development of indicators of ecosystem health that can be used to report on progress in restoring and maintaining the Great Lakes ecosystem, as called for in the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between the United States and Canada. One indicator under development for Great Lakes mesotrophic environments is based on burrowing mayflies (<i>Hexagenia</i>: Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae). In this paper, we report the results of a benthic survey in spring 2002 to determine the status of nymphal populations of <i>Hexagenia</i> in two western Lake Superior embayments, the St. Louis River estuary, an area with significant water-use impairments, and Chequamegon Bay, an area with no known water-use impairments. Ponar grab samples collected throughout these embayments showed nymphs were generally abundant in finely particulate, cohesive substrate (clay or mixtures of clay and sand) in both embayments. However, in the St. Louis River estuary nymphs were absent in those preferred substrates at 11 stations in the eastern portion of St. Louis Bay and the adjoining northwestern portion of the Duluth-Superior Harbor, where the sediments were variously contaminated with visible amounts of taconite pellets, paint chips, oil, or combusted coal waste (clinkers). Our results suggest that human activities have rendered those portions of the St. Louis River estuary unsuitable for habitation by <i>Hexagenia</i> nymphs and we recommend that trend monitoring of the nymphal population there be conducted to permit reporting on progress in restoring and maintaining the health and integrity of this Great Lakes ecosystem embayment, consistent with the intent of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/14634980490513346","usgsCitation":"Edsall, T.A., Gorman, O.T., and Evrard, L.M., 2004, Burrowing mayflies as indicators of ecosystem health: Status of populations in two western Lake Superior embayments: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 7, no. 4, p. 507-513, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980490513346.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"507","endPage":"513","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f991c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edsall, Thomas A.","contributorId":84302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":310428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gorman, Owen T. 0000-0003-0451-110X otgorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0451-110X","contributorId":2888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman","given":"Owen","email":"otgorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evrard, Lori M. 0000-0001-8582-5818 levrard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8582-5818","contributorId":2720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evrard","given":"Lori","email":"levrard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000913,"text":"1000913 - 2004 - Great Lakes clams find refuge from zebra mussels in restored, lake-connected marsh (Ohio)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:41","indexId":"1000913","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1462,"text":"Ecological Restoration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Great Lakes clams find refuge from zebra mussels in restored, lake-connected marsh (Ohio)","docAbstract":"Since the early 1990s, more than 95 percent of the freshwater clams once found in Lake Erie have died due to the exotic zebara mussel (Dreissena polymorpha). Zebra mussels attach themselves to native clams in large numbers, impeding the ability of the clams to eat and burrow.  However, in 1996, we discovered a population of native clams in Metzger Marsh in western Lake Erie (about 50 miles [80 km] east of Toledo) that were thriving despite the longtime presence of zebra mussel in surrounding waters.  At that time, Metzger Marsh was undergoing extensive restoration, including construction of a dike to replace the eroded barrier beach and of a water-control structure to maintain hydrologic connections with the lake (Wilcox and Whillans 1999).  The restoration plan called for a drawdown of water levels to promote plant growth from the seedbank -- a process that would also destroy most of the clam population.  State and federal resource managers recommended removing as many clams as possible to a site that was isolated from zebra mussels, and then returning them to the marsh after it was restored.  We removed about 7,000 native clams in 1996 and moved them back to Metzger Marsh in 1999.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Restoration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Nichols, S.J., and Wilcox, D.A., 2004, Great Lakes clams find refuge from zebra mussels in restored, lake-connected marsh (Ohio): Ecological Restoration, v. 22, no. 1, p. 51-52.","productDescription":"p. 51-52","startPage":"51","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671f4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, S. Jerrine","contributorId":25887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jerrine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilcox, Douglas A.","contributorId":36880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015188,"text":"1015188 - 2004 - Reproduction and seasonal activity of silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) in western Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-26T16:33:30","indexId":"1015188","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Reproduction and seasonal activity of silver-haired bats (<i>Lasionycteris noctivagans</i>) in western Nebraska","title":"Reproduction and seasonal activity of silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) in western Nebraska","docAbstract":"<p>Silver-haired bats (<i>Lasionycteris noctivagans</i>) were thought only to migrate through Nebraska; however, recent surveys in eastern Nebraska report summer records of females and their young. Our study in western Nebraska also shows that silver-haired bats are summer residents. We discovered the 1st reproductively active <i>L. noctivagans</i> in this part of the state. We caught lactating females and volant young in riparian forests along the North Platte River and in forested areas of the Pine Ridge. Previously, adult males were not known from Nebraska in summer, and only 4 records of <i>L. noctivagans</i> were known from western Nebraska during migration. On 28 July we captured an adult male in a coniferous forest of the Wildcat Hills, and we have more than 100 records of migrating individuals. Lastly, an obese<i> L. noctivagans</i> captured on 4 November may represent an individual preparing to hibernate in the state.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","usgsCitation":"Geluso, K., Huebschman, J., White, J., and Bogan, M., 2004, Reproduction and seasonal activity of silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) in western Nebraska: Western North American Naturalist, v. 64, no. 3, p. 353-358.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"353","endPage":"358","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14892,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/41717384 "}],"volume":"64","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62cc74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geluso, Keith","contributorId":94637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geluso","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huebschman, J.J.","contributorId":72760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huebschman","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, J.A.","contributorId":75109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bogan, M.A.","contributorId":17939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogan","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":81600,"text":"81600 - 2004 - Sierra Nevada bioregion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-16T14:14:56.315366","indexId":"81600","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"12","title":"Sierra Nevada bioregion","docAbstract":"<p><span>This chapter addresses the immediately south of the Cascades in the Sierra Nevada bioregion, extending nearly half the length of the state of California. This bioregion is one of the most striking features of the state of California, extending from the southern Cascade Mountains in the north to the Tehachapi Mountains and Mojave Desert 700 km to the south. Moreover, the fire responses of important species and fire regime-plant community interactions in the foothill shrubland and the woodland zone, the lower-montane forest ecological zone, the upper-montane forest, the subalpine forest, the alpine meadow, and the shrubland zone and eastside forest and woodland are explained. The success of the management of the Sierra Nevada is contingent on the ability and willingness to keep fire an integral part of these ecosystems.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fire in California ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","doi":"10.1525/california/9780520246058.003.0012","usgsCitation":"van Wagtendonk, J., and Fites-Kaufman, J., 2004, Sierra Nevada bioregion, chap. 12 <i>of</i> Fire in California ecosystems, p. 264-294, https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520246058.003.0012.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"294","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.75077478068471,\n              35.80556397533633\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.57921794090035,\n              35.89411682457482\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.37984303498109,\n              38.41329749367671\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.004359489607,\n              39.316955258486985\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.43787328831121,\n              40.73735791568376\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.46558915515735,\n              41.66126022137013\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.66765355583428,\n              41.546887074082804\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.89794746845422,\n              40.294789676627516\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.29608051260618,\n              38.0448598466954\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.03608369708445,\n              36.778970145921946\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.47926328538756,\n              35.53674193340379\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.75077478068471,\n              35.80556397533633\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4425","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sugihara, N. G.","contributorId":103613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sugihara","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504366,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Wagtendonk, J. W.","contributorId":112057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504368,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fites-Kaufman, J.","contributorId":42546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fites-Kaufman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504364,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaffer, K. E.","contributorId":105254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504367,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thode, A. E.","contributorId":75870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thode","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504365,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"van Wagtendonk, J. W.","contributorId":85111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fites-Kaufman, J.","contributorId":42546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fites-Kaufman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003770,"text":"1003770 - 2004 - Modeling the population dynamics of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> (Diptera: Culcidae), along an elevational gradient in Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-29T18:55:51","indexId":"1003770","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2385,"text":"Journal of Medical Entomology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the population dynamics of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> (Diptera: Culcidae), along an elevational gradient in Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present a population model to understand the effects of temperature and rainfall on the population dynamics of the southern house mosquito,&nbsp;</span><i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i><span>&nbsp;Say, along an elevational gradient in Hawaii. We use a novel approach to model the effects of temperature on population growth by dynamically incorporating developmental rate into the transition matrix, by using physiological ages of immatures instead of chronological age or stages. We also model the effects of rainfall on survival of immatures as the cumulative number of days below a certain rain threshold. Finally, we incorporate density dependence into the model as competition between immatures within breeding sites. Our model predicts the upper altitudinal distributions of&nbsp;</span><i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i><span>&nbsp;on the Big Island of Hawaii for self-sustaining mosquito and migrating summer sink populations at 1,475 and 1,715 m above sea level, respectively. Our model predicts that mosquitoes at lower elevations can grow under a broader range of rainfall parameters than middle and high elevation populations. Density dependence in conjunction with the seasonal forcing imposed by temperature and rain creates cycles in the dynamics of the population that peak in the summer and early fall. The model provides a reasonable fit to the available data on mosquito abundance for the east side of Mauna Loa, Hawaii. The predictions of our model indicate the importance of abiotic conditions on mosquito dynamics and have important implications for the management of diseases transmitted by&nbsp;</span><i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i><span>&nbsp;in Hawaii and elsewhere.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1603/0022-2585-41.6.1157","usgsCitation":"Ahumada, J.A., LaPointe, D., and Samuel, M.D., 2004, Modeling the population dynamics of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> (Diptera: Culcidae), along an elevational gradient in Hawaii: Journal of Medical Entomology, v. 41, no. 6, p. 1157-1170, https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585-41.6.1157.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1157","endPage":"1170","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134038,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.55679321289062,\n              20.128155311797183\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.58425903320312,\n              20.117839630491634\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.64056396484375,\n              20.153941536577403\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.65841674804688,\n              20.168122145270342\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.68862915039062,\n              20.179723502765153\n            ],\n            [\n              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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":314226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Samuel, Michael D. msamuel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"Michael","email":"msamuel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":314224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1002908,"text":"1002908 - 2004 - Avian nest success in midwestern forests fragmented by agriculture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-07T15:44:25.705425","indexId":"1002908","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian nest success in midwestern forests fragmented by agriculture","docAbstract":"<p><span>We studied how forest-bird nest success varied by landscape context from 1996 to 1998 in an agricultural region of southeastern Minnesota, southwestern Wisconsin, and northeastern Iowa. Nest success was 48% for all nests, 82% for cavity-nesting species, and 42% for cup-nesting species. Mayfield-adjusted nest success for five common species ranged from 23% for the American Redstart (</span><i>Setophaga ruticilla</i><span>) to 43% for the Eastern Wood-Pewee (</span><i>Contopus virens</i><span>). Nest success was lowest for open-cup nesters, species that reject Brown-headed Cowbird (</span><i>Molothrus ater</i><span>) eggs, species that nest near forest edges, and Neotropical migrants. The proportion of forest core area in a 5-km radius around the plot had a weakly negative relationship with daily survival rate of nests for all species pooled and for medium or high canopy nesters, species associated with interior and edge habitats, open-cup nesters, and nests located between 75 and 199 m from an edge. The proportion of forest core area was positively related to daily survival rate only for ground and low nesters. Our findings are in contrast to a number of studies from the eastern United States reporting strong positive associations between forest area and nesting success. Supported models of habitat associations changed with the spatial scale of analysis and included variables not often considered in studies of forest birds, including the proportion of water, shrubs, and grasslands in the landscape. Forest area may not be a strong indicator of nest success in landscapes where all the available forests are fragmented.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/condor/106.1.116","usgsCitation":"Knutson, M.G., Niemi, G.J., Newton, W.E., and Friberg, M.A., 2004, Avian nest success in midwestern forests fragmented by agriculture: Condor, v. 106, no. 1, p. 116-130, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.1.116.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"130","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496338,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.1.116","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Driftless Area Ecoregion","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.65917968749999,\n              42.47209690919285\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.93408203124999,\n              43.02071359427862\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.17578124999999,\n              43.75522505306928\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.95556640625,\n              44.88701247981298\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.2080078125,\n              44.63739123445585\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.08740234375,\n              43.70759350405294\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.64794921875,\n              42.76314586689492\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.65917968749999,\n              42.47209690919285\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64af2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knutson, Melinda G.","contributorId":74338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knutson","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niemi, Gerald J.","contributorId":71904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niemi","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newton, Wesley E. 0000-0002-1377-043X wnewton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-043X","contributorId":3661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Wesley","email":"wnewton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friberg, M. A.","contributorId":85931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friberg","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":57985,"text":"ofr20041264 - 2004 - Annual Report for 2003 Wild Horse Research and Field Activities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T11:04:19","indexId":"ofr20041264","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1264","title":"Annual Report for 2003 Wild Horse Research and Field Activities","docAbstract":"<p>As stated in the Wild Horse Fertility Control Field Trial Plan, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has an immediate need for a safe, effective contraceptive agent to assist in the management of the large number of wild horses on western rangelands. The BLM and the U.S. Geological Survey-Biological Resources Discipline (USGS/BRD) are testing the immunocontraceptive agent Porcine Zonae Pellucida (PZP) in field trials with three free-roaming herds of western wild horses. Extensive research has already been conducted on the safety, efficacy, and duration of PZP applications in both domestic and feral horses on eastern barrier islands and in some select trials I with wild horses in Nevada managed by the BLM. However, significant questions remain concerning the effects of I PZP application at the population level in the wild, as well as effects at the individual level on behavior, social structure, and harem dynamics of free-ranging animals. These questions are best answered with field trials on wild horse herds under a tight research protocol. The ultimate goal is to provide the BLM with the protocols and information necessary to begin using fertility control to regulate population growth rates in wild horse herds on a broader scale. Fertility control is intended to assist the conventional capture, removal, and adoption process as a I means of controlling excess numbers of wild horses and burros, and to greatly reduce the adoption costs and numbers of animals handled. Fertility control is not intended to totally replace the removal and adoption process.</p>\n<p>The USGSIBRD began assisting the BLM with field trials of immunocontraceptive fertility control of wild horses in early 2001. The first PZP treatments were applied during gathers at the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range in September 2001, and the Little Book Cliffs Wild Horse Range, Colorado, in July 2002. At those gathers, 5 horses were treated in the Pryor Mountain WHR, and 23 were treated in the Little Book Cliffs WHR with PZP. These initial treatments were followed by booster injections in 2002. The second injection is required in order to raise, and I maintain, the titer levels of mares high enough to be considered contracepted. By the end of 2002, 13 horses on the Pryor Mountain WHR had received both injections, as had 11 horses in the Little Book Cliffs WHR. In 2003, intensive research efforts were carried out by the USGSIBRD at three field locations; Pryor Mountain WHR, Little I Book Cliffs WHR, and McCullough Peaks Wild Horse Management Area. The work at these sites during this I calendar year included treatment of wild horse mares with PZP in the Pryor herd and Little Book Cliffs herd, development and implementation of behavioral research to investigate potential affects of PZP treatment, continued tracking of demography and foal production in all three herds, and early phases of investigating aerial population estimation survey techniques. Detailed descriptions of these research topics can be found in the Wild Horse and Burro Management Strategic Research Plan and the Wild Horse Fertility Control Field Trial Plan. Field work in 2003 was conducted by USGSIBRD and BLM staff with the assistance of many dedicated individuals. See I Acknowledgments for more details.</p>\n<p>This report is meant to highlight the activities of the 2003 field season, as well as to provide a general overview of the data collected. More in-depth data analysis will be conducted following the conclusion of each I phase of the research project, and in many cases will not be possible until several seasons of data are collected.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041264","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Ransom, J., Singer, F., and Zeigenfuss, L., 2004, Annual Report for 2003 Wild Horse Research and Field Activities: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1264, iii, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041264.","productDescription":"iii, 22 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185203,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20041264.PNG"},{"id":320273,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1264/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bbef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ransom, Jason","contributorId":15703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ransom","given":"Jason","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, Francis J.","contributorId":65528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Francis J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zeigenfuss, Linda 0000-0002-6700-8563 linda_zeigenfuss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6700-8563","contributorId":2079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeigenfuss","given":"Linda","email":"linda_zeigenfuss@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":69719,"text":"i2530_v2 - 2004 - Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the central Appalachian Basin from Campbell County Kentucky, to Tazwell County, Virginia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":66993,"text":"i2530 - 1997 - Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the central Appalachian Basin from Campbell County Kentucky, to Tazwell County, Virginia","indexId":"i2530","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the central Appalachian Basin from Campbell County Kentucky, to Tazwell County, Virginia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":69719,"text":"i2530_v2 - 2004 - Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the central Appalachian Basin from Campbell County Kentucky, to Tazwell County, Virginia","indexId":"i2530_v2","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"title":"Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the central Appalachian Basin from Campbell County Kentucky, to Tazwell County, Virginia"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-15T13:50:10.27368","indexId":"i2530_v2","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2530","title":"Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the central Appalachian Basin from Campbell County Kentucky, to Tazwell County, Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2530_v2","usgsCitation":"Ryder, R., Repetski, J.E., Harris, A.G., and Revised and digitized by Lentz, E.E., 2004, Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the central Appalachian Basin from Campbell County Kentucky, to Tazwell County, Virginia (Version 2.0): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2530, 1 Plate: 50.00 x 36.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2530_v2.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 50.00 x 36.00 inches","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":188165,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6389,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2530/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":108303,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13023.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"13023"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.472,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.472,\n              36.783\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.14,\n              36.783\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.14,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.472,\n              39\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 2.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af360","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryder, Robert T.","contributorId":77918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Robert T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Repetski, John E. 0000-0002-2298-7120 jrepetski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-7120","contributorId":2596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"John","email":"jrepetski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, Anita G.","contributorId":50162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Revised and digitized by Lentz, Erika E.","contributorId":83611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revised and digitized by Lentz","given":"Erika","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":53999,"text":"wri034325 - 2004 - Quality and sources of ground water used for public supply in Salt Lake Valley, Salt Lake County, Utah, 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T15:57:53","indexId":"wri034325","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4325","title":"Quality and sources of ground water used for public supply in Salt Lake Valley, Salt Lake County, Utah, 2001","docAbstract":"<p>Ground water supplies about one-third of the water used by the public in Salt Lake Valley, Utah. The occurrence and distribution of natural and anthropogenic compounds in ground water used for public supply in the valley were evaluated. Water samples were collected from 31 public-supply wells in 2001 and analyzed for major ions, trace elements, radon, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, methylene blue active substances, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds. The samples also were analyzed for the stable isotopes of water (oxygen-18 and deuterium), tritium, chlorofluorocarbons, and dissolved gases to determine recharge sources and ground-water age.</p><p>Dissolved-solids concentration ranged from 157 to 1,280 milligrams per liter (mg/L) in water from the 31 public-supply wells. Comparison of dissolved-solids concentration of water sampled from the principal aquifer during 1988-92 and 1998-2002 shows a reduction in the area where water with less than 500 mg/L occurs. Nitrate concentration in water sampled from 12 of the 31 public-supply wells was higher than an estimated background level of 2 mg/L, indicating a possible human influence. At least one pesticide or pesticide degradation product was detected at a concentration much lower than drinking-water standards in water from 13 of the 31 wells sampled. Chloroform was the most frequently detected volatile organic compound (17 of 31 samples). Its widespread occurrence in deeper ground water is likely a result of the recharge of chlorinated public-supply water used to irrigate lawns and gardens in residential areas of Salt Lake Valley.</p><p>Environmental tracers were used to determine the sources of recharge to the principal aquifer used for public supply in the valley. Oxygen-18 values and recharge temperatures computed from dissolved noble gases in the ground water were used to differentiate between mountain and valley recharge. Maximum recharge temperatures in the eastern part of the valley generally are below the range of valley water-table temperatures indicating that mountain-block recharge must constitute a substantial fraction of recharge to the principal aquifer in this area. Together, the recharge temperature and stable-isotope data define two zones with apparently high proportions of valley recharge on the east side of the valley.</p><p>The possibility of water samples containing a substantial proportion of water recharged before thermonuclear testing began in the early 1950s (pre-bomb) was evaluated by comparing the initial tritium concentration of each sample (measured tritium plus measured tritiogenic helium-3) to that of local precipitation at the apparent time of recharge. Three interpreted-age categories were determined for water from the sampled wells: (1) dominantly pre-bomb; (2) dominantly modern; and (3) modern or a mixture of pre-bomb and modern. Apparent tritium/helium-3 ages range from 3 years to more than 50 years. Water generally becomes older with distance from the mountain front, with the oldest water present in the discharge area.</p><p>The presence of anthropogenic compounds at concentrations above reporting levels and elevated nitrate concentrations (affected wells) in the principal aquifer is well correlated with the distribution of interpreted-age categories. All of the wells (10 of 10) with dominantly modern water are affected. Seventy percent (7 of 10) of the wells with dominantly modern or a mixture of modern and pre-bomb waters are affected. Only 1 of the 11 wells with dominantly pre-bomb water is affected. Anthropogenic compounds were not detected in water with an apparent age of more than 50 years, except for water from one well. All of the samples that consisted mostly of modern water contained at least one anthropogenic compound.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/wri034325","usgsCitation":"Thiros, S.A., and Manning, A.H., 2004, Quality and sources of ground water used for public supply in Salt Lake Valley, Salt Lake County, Utah, 2001 (Online Only): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4325, x, 95 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034325.","productDescription":"x, 95 p.","numberOfPages":"108","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4823,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034325/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":334634,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034325/pdf/wri034325.pdf","size":"7.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Salt Lake County","otherGeospatial":"Salt Lake Valley","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-111.6432,40.7953],[-111.6438,40.7926],[-111.6396,40.7872],[-111.6439,40.7849],[-111.6403,40.7795],[-111.647,40.7749],[-111.6427,40.7731],[-111.6397,40.7704],[-111.6379,40.7695],[-111.6343,40.7677],[-111.6312,40.7658],[-111.6258,40.7626],[-111.6246,40.7604],[-111.6234,40.759],[-111.6222,40.7554],[-111.621,40.7504],[-111.6204,40.7431],[-111.6199,40.7381],[-111.6193,40.7327],[-111.6163,40.7299],[-111.612,40.7272],[-111.6078,40.724],[-111.6066,40.7204],[-111.6048,40.7172],[-111.6018,40.7145],[-111.5976,40.7122],[-111.5927,40.7072],[-111.5897,40.704],[-111.5897,40.6995],[-111.597,40.6945],[-111.5989,40.6904],[-111.5959,40.6805],[-111.5966,40.6696],[-111.5954,40.6623],[-111.593,40.6541],[-111.5798,40.6459],[-111.5755,40.6405],[-111.5738,40.6346],[-111.5689,40.6332],[-111.5653,40.6273],[-111.5593,40.6218],[-111.5557,40.6173],[-111.5503,40.6159],[-111.5497,40.6118],[-111.5533,40.61],[-111.5552,40.6087],[-111.5588,40.6064],[-111.5588,40.6032],[-111.5583,40.5969],[-111.5583,40.5937],[-111.5638,40.5855],[-111.5716,40.5842],[-111.5789,40.5833],[-111.5971,40.5784],[-111.5983,40.5789],[-111.6038,40.5657],[-111.6129,40.5667],[-111.622,40.5667],[-111.6311,40.5672],[-111.6347,40.5699],[-111.6414,40.5608],[-111.6468,40.5568],[-111.6523,40.5554],[-111.6565,40.5532],[-111.6608,40.5432],[-111.6669,40.541],[-111.6796,40.5328],[-111.6869,40.5342],[-111.6935,40.5351],[-111.7038,40.5356],[-111.7129,40.532],[-111.7202,40.5266],[-111.7335,40.5307],[-111.7371,40.5262],[-111.7474,40.5253],[-111.7619,40.5276],[-111.771,40.5235],[-111.7819,40.5149],[-111.7873,40.509],[-111.7867,40.5072],[-111.791,40.4959],[-111.7928,40.4954],[-111.8013,40.495],[-111.811,40.4905],[-111.8261,40.4846],[-111.8328,40.4814],[-111.8394,40.4742],[-111.8424,40.4755],[-111.8461,40.4765],[-111.8515,40.4692],[-111.8551,40.4669],[-111.8594,40.4688],[-111.8654,40.4715],[-111.8696,40.4765],[-111.8811,40.4715],[-111.8878,40.4683],[-111.8926,40.4656],[-111.8969,40.4638],[-111.9035,40.4588],[-111.9222,40.4525],[-111.9126,40.4416],[-111.9192,40.438],[-111.9271,40.4348],[-111.9307,40.433],[-111.9434,40.4267],[-111.9513,40.4221],[-111.9531,40.4212],[-111.9561,40.4198],[-111.9627,40.4189],[-111.9663,40.4176],[-111.97,40.4158],[-111.9748,40.4149],[-111.9772,40.4158],[-111.9923,40.4235],[-112.0038,40.4262],[-112.0141,40.4344],[-112.0213,40.4398],[-112.0261,40.4493],[-112.0286,40.4575],[-112.0322,40.4643],[-112.0425,40.4602],[-112.0443,40.4561],[-112.0527,40.4543],[-112.0582,40.4516],[-112.0636,40.4484],[-112.069,40.4457],[-112.0751,40.447],[-112.0835,40.4466],[-112.092,40.447],[-112.0998,40.4448],[-112.1034,40.442],[-112.1113,40.4389],[-112.1131,40.4429],[-112.1125,40.4457],[-112.1125,40.4515],[-112.1174,40.4534],[-112.1198,40.4543],[-112.1252,40.4606],[-112.1283,40.4633],[-112.1343,40.4665],[-112.1428,40.471],[-112.1506,40.4687],[-112.1524,40.4669],[-112.1591,40.4624],[-112.1675,40.4642],[-112.173,40.4674],[-112.17,40.4719],[-112.1754,40.4814],[-112.1724,40.4846],[-112.1864,40.4964],[-112.1797,40.5018],[-112.1864,40.514],[-112.1779,40.5204],[-112.1774,40.5299],[-112.181,40.5399],[-112.1822,40.5431],[-112.1774,40.5544],[-112.1762,40.5562],[-112.1817,40.5617],[-112.1805,40.5676],[-112.1835,40.573],[-112.1793,40.5785],[-112.1745,40.5857],[-112.1781,40.5943],[-112.1769,40.6021],[-112.1739,40.6039],[-112.18,40.6088],[-112.18,40.6129],[-112.1879,40.6152],[-112.1927,40.6233],[-112.1933,40.6242],[-112.194,40.6261],[-112.1928,40.6383],[-112.1928,40.6397],[-112.197,40.6433],[-112.1976,40.6483],[-112.2025,40.6533],[-112.2007,40.6646],[-112.1995,40.6728],[-112.2032,40.6787],[-112.1996,40.6882],[-112.196,40.6927],[-112.1978,40.6995],[-112.2002,40.7045],[-112.2009,40.7077],[-112.2033,40.7113],[-112.2258,40.7262],[-112.2611,40.7706],[-112.2029,40.8075],[-112.2011,40.8079],[-112.1375,40.8457],[-112.0567,40.892],[-112.0069,40.9201],[-111.9558,40.9192],[-111.9558,40.897],[-111.9667,40.8843],[-111.968,40.8748],[-111.9601,40.8675],[-111.9613,40.8594],[-111.9625,40.8526],[-111.9576,40.8471],[-111.951,40.8466],[-111.9437,40.8421],[-111.9437,40.8371],[-111.9412,40.8326],[-111.9352,40.8262],[-111.9328,40.8208],[-111.9103,40.8226],[-111.8896,40.823],[-111.8811,40.8235],[-111.8684,40.8235],[-111.8526,40.8266],[-111.8374,40.8325],[-111.8259,40.8334],[-111.8186,40.8343],[-111.8082,40.8383],[-111.7985,40.8388],[-111.7851,40.8447],[-111.7778,40.8442],[-111.7645,40.8505],[-111.748,40.8546],[-111.7444,40.8609],[-111.7352,40.8627],[-111.7231,40.855],[-111.7176,40.8563],[-111.7079,40.8531],[-111.7012,40.8567],[-111.6982,40.8617],[-111.6818,40.8585],[-111.6745,40.8562],[-111.6684,40.8544],[-111.6624,40.8507],[-111.6575,40.8475],[-111.6563,40.8453],[-111.6655,40.8362],[-111.6564,40.8285],[-111.6497,40.8258],[-111.6437,40.8221],[-111.6401,40.8194],[-111.6432,40.7953]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Salt Lake\",\"state\":\"UT\"}}]}","edition":"Online Only","publicComments":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","noUsgsAuthors":true,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db655350","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science 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,{"id":53621,"text":"fs07203 - 2004 - Is septic waste affecting drinking water from shallow domestic wells along the Platte River in eastern Nebraska?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-05T20:06:55","indexId":"fs07203","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"072-03","title":"Is septic waste affecting drinking water from shallow domestic wells along the Platte River in eastern Nebraska?","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs07203","usgsCitation":"Verstraeten, I.M., Fetterman, G.S., Sebree, S.K., Meyer, M.T., and Bullen, T.D., 2004, Is septic waste affecting drinking water from shallow domestic wells along the Platte River in eastern Nebraska?: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 072-03, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs07203.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_072_03.bmp"},{"id":4904,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs07203/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.052734375,\n              43.13306116240612\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.701171875,\n              41.31082388091818\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.173828125,\n              40.111688665595956\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.2734375,\n              40.04443758460856\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.185546875,\n              40.58058466412761\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.240234375,\n              41.705728515237524\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.416015625,\n              43.13306116240612\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.052734375,\n              43.13306116240612\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db6672cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verstraeten, Ingrid M. imverstr@usgs.gov","contributorId":3630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verstraeten","given":"Ingrid","email":"imverstr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5066,"text":"Office of the Director USGS","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fetterman, Greg S.","contributorId":39855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fetterman","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sebree, Sonja K.","contributorId":36622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sebree","given":"Sonja","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bullen, Thomas D. 0000-0003-2281-1691 tdbullen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-1691","contributorId":1969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"Thomas","email":"tdbullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":58274,"text":"ofr20041405 - 2004 - Environmental assessment survey of the vegetation surrounding a Lower Wilcox Group coal gas well site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-10T19:11:28.082388","indexId":"ofr20041405","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1405","title":"Environmental assessment survey of the vegetation surrounding a Lower Wilcox Group coal gas well site","docAbstract":"<p>This environmental assessment was conducted to examine the impacts on vegetation of the drilling and operation of a coal gas well located along Hwy 134 about 5 miles (8 km) east of Fairbanks, La. The drill site is 85 meters north of Hwy 134 and operations at the well were performed by EnerVest Operating LLC. The site (privately owned) was formerly a mixed hardwood/pine forest that was clear-cut in 1998 and planted with loblolly pine. Once completed, the well site, with its associated pipeline covered about 1,560 m<sup>2</sup> (11.5 percent of the survey area). This survey was conducted in coordination with Peter D. Warwick, Research Geologist, U.S. Geological Survey, and Jim York, contract geologist for EnerVest Operating, LLC.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041405","usgsCitation":"McCoy, J.W., 2004, Environmental assessment survey of the vegetation surrounding a Lower Wilcox Group coal gas well site (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1405, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041405.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400451,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70032.htm"},{"id":5858,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1405/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":181448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"lower Wilcox Group coal gas well site","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.9747,\n              32.67\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.9542,\n              32.67\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.9542,\n              32.6556\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.9747,\n              32.6556\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.9747,\n              32.67\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602506","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCoy, John W. 0000-0003-3013-730X mccoyj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3013-730X","contributorId":3082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"John","email":"mccoyj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":54156,"text":"ofr20041074 - 2004 - Flood of June 4, 2002, in the Indian Creek Basin, Linn County, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-01T13:08:01","indexId":"ofr20041074","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1074","title":"Flood of June 4, 2002, in the Indian Creek Basin, Linn County, Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>Severe flooding occurred on June 4, 2002, in the Indian Creek Basin in Linn County, Iowa, following thunderstorm activity over east-central Iowa. The rain gage at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, recorded a 24-hour rainfall of 4.76 inches at 6:00 p.m. on June 4th. Radar indications estimated as much as 6 inches of rain fell in the headwaters of the Indian Creek Basin. Peak discharges on Indian Creek of 12,500 cubic feet per second at County Home Road north of Marion, Iowa, and 24,300 cubic feet per second at East Post Road in southeast Cedar Rapids, were determined for the flood. The recurrence interval for these peak discharges both exceed the theoretical 500-year flood as computed using flood-estimation equations developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Information about the basin and flood history, the 2002 thunderstorms and associated flooding, and a profile of high-water marks are presented for selected reaches along Indian and Dry Creeks.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041074","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Transportation and the Iowa Highway Research Board (Project HR-140)","usgsCitation":"Eash, D.A., 2004, Flood of June 4, 2002, in the Indian Creek Basin, Linn County, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1074, iv, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041074.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":184051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5602,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr2004-1074/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Linn","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-91.3649,42.2964],[-91.3651,42.2082],[-91.3653,42.1215],[-91.3661,42.0343],[-91.3669,41.948],[-91.3677,41.8603],[-91.4836,41.8608],[-91.5989,41.8612],[-91.716,41.862],[-91.8318,41.8617],[-91.8329,41.9485],[-91.8338,42.0366],[-91.8342,42.1242],[-91.8328,42.2087],[-91.8319,42.2987],[-91.7153,42.2971],[-91.5969,42.2959],[-91.4809,42.296],[-91.3649,42.2964]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Linn\",\"state\":\"IA\"}}]}","tableOfContents":"<p>Abstract<br />Introduction<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Acknowledgments<br />Basin Description<br />Flood History<br />Storm Description<br />Flood Description<br />Flood Profile<br />Summary<br />References<br />Appendix: Temporary Bench Marks and Reference Points</p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e738b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eash, David A. 0000-0002-2749-8959 daeash@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-8959","contributorId":1887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eash","given":"David","email":"daeash@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":57773,"text":"wri034208 - 2004 - Characterization of aquifer heterogeneity using cyclostratigraphy and geophysical methods in the upper part of the Karstic Biscayne Aquifer, Southeastern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-01T18:21:07.949102","indexId":"wri034208","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4208","title":"Characterization of aquifer heterogeneity using cyclostratigraphy and geophysical methods in the upper part of the Karstic Biscayne Aquifer, Southeastern Florida","docAbstract":"<p>This report identifies and characterizes candidate ground-water flow zones in the upper part of the shallow, eogenetic karst limestone of the Biscayne aquifer in the Lake Belt area of north-central Miami-Dade County using cyclostratigraphy, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), borehole geophysical logs, and continuously drilled cores. About 60 miles of GPR profiles were used to calculate depths to shallow geologic contacts and hydrogeologic units, image karst features, and produce qualitative views of the porosity distribution. Descriptions of the lithology, rock fabrics, and cyclostratigraphy, and interpretation of depositional environments of 50 test coreholes were linked to the geophysical interpretations to provide an accurate hydrogeologic framework. Molluscan and benthic foraminiferal paleontologic constraints guided interpretation of depositional environments represented by rockfabric facies. Digital borehole images were used to characterize and quantify large-scale vuggy porosity. Preliminary heat-pulse flowmeter data were coupled with the digital borehole image data to identify candidate ground-water flow zones. Combined results show that the porosity and permeability of the karst limestone of the Biscayne aquifer have a highly heterogeneous and anisotropic distribution that is mostly related to secondary porosity overprinting vertical stacking of rock-fabric facies within high-frequency cycles (HFCs). This distribution of porosity produces a dual-porosity system consisting of diffuse-carbonate and conduit flow zones. The nonuniform ground-water flow in the upper part of the Biscayne aquifer is mostly localized through secondary permeability, the result of solution-enlarged carbonate grains, depositional textures, bedding planes, cracks, root molds, and paleokarst surfaces. Many of the resulting pore types are classified as touching vugs. GPR, borehole geophysical logs, and whole-core analyses show that there is an empirical relation between formation porosity, permeability, formation electrical conductivity, and GPR reflection amplitudes? as porosity and permeability increase, formation electrical conductivity increases and reflection amplitude decreases. This relation was observed throughout the entire vertical and lateral section of the upper part of the Biscayne aquifer in the study area. Further, upward-shallowing brackish- or freshwatercapped cycles of the upper part of the Fort Thompson Formation show low-amplitude reflections near their base that correspond to relatively higher porosity and permeability. This distribution is related to a systematic vertical stacking of rock-fabric facies within the cycle. Inferred flow characteristics of the porosity distribution within the upper part of the Biscayne aquifer were used to identify four ground-water flow classes, with each characterized by a discrete pore system that affects vertical and horizontal groundwater flow: (1) a low-permeability peat, muck, and marl ground-water flow class; (2) a horizontal conduit ground-water flow class; (3) a leaky, low-permeability ground-water flow class; and (4) a diffuse-carbonate ground-water flow class. At the top of the Biscayne aquifer, peat, muck, and marl can combine to form a relatively low-permeability layer of Holocene sediment that water moves through slowly. Most horizontal conduit flow is inferred to occur along touching vugs in portions of the following rock-fabric facies: (1) touchingvug pelecypod floatstone and rudstone, (2) sandy touching-vug pelecypod floatstone and rudstone, (3) vuggy wackestone and packstone, (4) laminated peloid grainstone and packstone, (5) peloid grainstone and packstone, and (6) peloid wackestone and packstone. Gastropod floatstone and rudstone, mudstone and wackestone, and pedogenic limestone rock-fabric facies are the main hosts for leaky, low-permeability units.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034208","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, K.J., Carlson, J.L., Wingard, G.L., Robinson, E., and Wacker, M.A., 2004, Characterization of aquifer heterogeneity using cyclostratigraphy and geophysical methods in the upper part of the Karstic Biscayne Aquifer, Southeastern Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4208, vi, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034208.","productDescription":"vi, 66 p.","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":5731,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034208/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":181648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"48","country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"","otherGeospatial":"Biscayne Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.57373046875,\n              25.18505888358067\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.17822265625,\n              25.18505888358067\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.17822265625,\n              26.244156283890756\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.57373046875,\n              26.244156283890756\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.57373046875,\n              25.18505888358067\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4de8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, Kevin J. 0000-0002-2179-8686 kcunning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-8686","contributorId":1689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Kevin","email":"kcunning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, Janine L.","contributorId":99632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Janine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wingard, G. Lynn 0000-0002-3833-5207 lwingard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3833-5207","contributorId":605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.","email":"lwingard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, Edward","contributorId":99633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wacker, Michael A. mwacker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wacker","given":"Michael","email":"mwacker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":69801,"text":"sim2831 - 2004 - Geologic framework and hydrogeologic characteristics of the Glen Rose limestone, Camp Stanley Storage Activity, Bexar County, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T16:04:42","indexId":"sim2831","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2831","title":"Geologic framework and hydrogeologic characteristics of the Glen Rose limestone, Camp Stanley Storage Activity, Bexar County, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The Trinity aquifer is a regional water source in the Hill Country of south-central Texas that supplies water for agriculture, commercial, domestic, and stock purposes. Rocks of the Glen Rose Limestone, which compose the upper zone and upper part of the middle zone of the Trinity aquifer, crop out at the Camp Stanley Storage Activity (CSSA), a U.S. Army weapons and munitions supply, maintenance, and storage facility in northern Bexar County (San Antonio area) (fig. 1). On its northeastern, eastern, and southern boundaries, the CSSA abuts the Camp Bullis Training Site, a U.S. Army field training site for military and Federal government agencies. </p><p>During 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Army, studied the outcropping Glen Rose Limestone at the CSSA and immediately adjacent area (Camp Stanley study area, fig. 1) to identify and map the hydrogeologic subdivisions and faults of the Glen Rose Limestone at the facility. The results of the study are intended to help resource managers improve their understanding of the distribution of porosity and permeability of the outcropping rocks, and thus the conditions for recharge and the potential for contaminants to enter the Glen Rose Limestone. This study followed a similar study done by the USGS at Camp Bullis (Clark, 2003). </p><p>The purpose of this report is to present the geologic framework and hydrogeologic characteristics of the Glen Rose Limestone in the study area. The hydrogeologic nomenclature follows that introduced by Clark (2003) for the outcropping Glen Rose Limestone at Camp Bullis in which the upper member of the Glen Rose Limestone (hereinafter, upper Glen Rose Limestone), which is coincident with the upper zone of the Trinity aquifer, is divided into five intervals on the basis of observed lithologic and hydrogeologic properties. An outcrop map, two generalized sections, related illustrations, and a table summarize the description of the framework and distribution of characteristics.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim2831","usgsCitation":"Clark, A.K., 2004, Geologic framework and hydrogeologic characteristics of the Glen Rose limestone, Camp Stanley Storage Activity, Bexar County, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2831, 36 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2831.","productDescription":"36 x 24 inches","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":188991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6159,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2831/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":338709,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2831/pdf/sim2831.pdf","text":"Map","size":"897 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Map"}],"scale":"31500","country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Bexar County","otherGeospatial":"Camp Stanley Storage Activity","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.63388888888889,29.666666666666668 ], [ -98.63388888888889,29.733611111111113 ], [ -98.58416666666666,29.733611111111113 ], [ -98.58416666666666,29.666666666666668 ], [ -98.63388888888889,29.666666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5eec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Allan K. 0000-0003-0099-1521 akclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0099-1521","contributorId":1279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Allan","email":"akclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":57812,"text":"ofr20041302 - 2004 - The Blackwater NWR inundation model. Rising sea level on a low-lying coast: land use planning for wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:18","indexId":"ofr20041302","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1302","title":"The Blackwater NWR inundation model. Rising sea level on a low-lying coast: land use planning for wetlands","docAbstract":" The Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge (BNWR), on the Eastern Shore of Chesapeake Bay (figure 1), occupies an area less than 1 meter above sea level. The Refuge has been featured prominently in studies of the impact of sea level rise on coastal wetlands. Most notably, the refuge has been sited by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as a key example of 'wetland loss' attributable to rising sea level due to global temperature increase. Comparative studies of aerial photos taken since 1938 show an expanding area of open water in the central area of the refuge. The expanding area of open water can be shown to parallel the record of sea level rise over the past 60 years.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) manages the refuge to support migratory waterfowl and to preserve endangered upland species. High marsh vegetation is critical to FWS waterfowl management strategies. A broad area once occupied by high marsh has decreased with rising sea level. The FWS needs a planning tool to help predict current and future areas of high marsh available for waterfowl.\r\n\r\n'Wetland loss' is a relative term. It is dependant on the boundaries chosen for measurement. Wetland vegetation, zoned by elevation and salinity (figure 3), respond to rising sea level. Wetlands migrate inland and upslope and may vary in areas depending on the adjacent land slopes. Refuge managers need a geospatial tool that allows them to predict future areas that will be converted to high and intertidal marsh. Shifts in location and area of coverage must be anticipated. Viability of a current marsh area is also important. When will sea level rise make short-term management strategies to maintain an area impractical?\r\n\r\n The USGS has developed an inundation model for the BNWR centered on the refuge and surrounding areas. Such models are simple in concept, but they require a detailed topographic map upon which to superimpose future sea level positions. The new system of LIDAR mapping of land and shallow water surfaces has solved this problem. Our team has developed a detailed LIDAR map of the BNWR area at a 30 centimeter (ca. 1 ft) contour interval (figure 2). The new map allows us to identify the present marsh vegetation zones and to predict the location and area of future zones on a decade-by- decade basis over the next century at increments of sea level rise on the order of 3 cm/decade (ca. 1 inch).\r\n\r\nWe have developed two scenarios for the model. The first is a steady-state model that uses the historic rate of sea level rise of 3.1 mm/yr to predict marsh areas. The second is a 'global warming' scenario utilizing a conservative IPCC model with an exponentially-increasing rate of sea level rise. Under either scenario, the BNWR is progressively inundated with an expanding core of open water. Although their positions change in the future, the areas of intertidal marsh as well as those of the critical high marsh remain fairly constant until the year 2050. Beyond that time, the low-lying land surface is overtopped by rising sea level and the area is dominated by open water.\r\n\r\nOur model suggests that wetland habitat in the Blackwater area might be maintained and sustained through a combination of public and private preservation efforts through easements in combination with judicious Federal land acquisition into the predicted areas of suitable marsh formation - but for only the next 50 years. Beyond that time much of this area will become open water.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041302","usgsCitation":"Larsen, C., Clark, I.E., Guntenspergen, G., Cahoon, D., Caruso, V., Hupp, C., and Yanosky, T., 2004, The Blackwater NWR inundation model. Rising sea level on a low-lying coast: land use planning for wetlands: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1302, online, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041302.","productDescription":"online","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5790,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1302/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad3e4b07f02db68226c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Curt","contributorId":41506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Curt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Inga E. 0000-0003-0084-0256 iclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-0256","contributorId":3256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Inga","email":"iclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn","contributorId":60714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cahoon, Don","contributorId":8337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Don","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Caruso, Vincent","contributorId":87302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caruso","given":"Vincent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hupp, Cliff 0000-0003-1853-9197","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":19030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Cliff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yanosky, Tom","contributorId":47646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yanosky","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":69821,"text":"sim2828 - 2004 - Limited anniversary edition of the historic trail maps of eastern Colorado and northeastern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-30T14:16:56.704289","indexId":"sim2828","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2828","title":"Limited anniversary edition of the historic trail maps of eastern Colorado and northeastern New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim2828","usgsCitation":"Scott, G., 2004, Limited anniversary edition of the historic trail maps of eastern Colorado and northeastern New Mexico (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2828, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2828.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6176,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2004/2828/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.4794921875,\n              40.97989806962013\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.6220703125,\n              40.97989806962013\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.4462890625,\n              36.914764288955936\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.962890625,\n              36.914764288955936\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.09472656249999,\n              35.99578538642032\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.4580078125,\n              35.782170703266075\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.23828125,\n              36.914764288955936\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.1728515625,\n              36.98500309285596\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.12890625,\n              41.11246878918088\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.4794921875,\n              40.97989806962013\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5262","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Glenn R.","contributorId":33324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Glenn R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70179683,"text":"70179683 - 2003 - Water resources management plan, Richmond National Battlefield Park, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T14:50:47","indexId":"70179683","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Water resources management plan, Richmond National Battlefield Park, Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>Richmond National Battlefield Park (Richmond NBP) consists of 1,366 acres in 11 geographically separate units that are located primarily east, northeast, and southeast of the city of Richmond, Virginia. This Water Resources Management Plan addresses nine of the units: Beaver Dam Creek, Chickahominy Bluff, Cold Harbor (including the Garthright House), Drewry’s Bluff, Fort Harrison, Gaines’ Mill, and Glendale and Malvern Hill. The units are in the Atlantic Coastal Plain Physiographic Province between the James and York rivers. The small streams that drain each of the units are tributaries of either the Chickahominy River or James River and ultimately contribute to the Chesapeake Bay. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.C., Moberg, R.M., Allen, K.G., and Vana-Miller, D., 2003, Water resources management plan, Richmond National Battlefield Park, Virginia, xvi, 209 p.","productDescription":"xvi, 209 p.","numberOfPages":"226","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333074,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333073,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nature.nps.gov/water/planning/management_plans/RICH_final_press.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Richmond National Battlefield Park","publicComments":"NPS D-40","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5878a493e4b04df303d9582e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moberg, Roger M. rmmoberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":3655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moberg","given":"Roger","email":"rmmoberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":658212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Kristen G.","contributorId":178242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Kristen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":658213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vana-Miller, David","contributorId":53291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vana-Miller","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70179117,"text":"70179117 - 2003 - Hydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in Kamas Valley, Summit County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-16T13:20:58","indexId":"70179117","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"117","title":"Hydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in Kamas Valley, Summit County, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Kamas Valley, Utah, is located about 50 miles east of Salt Lake City and is undergoing residential development. The increasing number of wells and septic systems raised concerns of water managers and prompted this hydrologic study. About 350,000 acre-feet per year of surface water flows through Kamas Valley in the Weber River, Beaver Creek, and Provo River, which originate in the Uinta Mountains east of the study area. The ground-water system in this area consists of water in unconsolidated deposits and consolidated rock; water budgets indicate very little interaction between consolidated rock and unconsolidated deposits. Most recharge to consolidated rock occurs at higher altitudes in the mountains and discharges to streams and springs upgradient of Kamas Valley. About 38,000 acre-feet per year of water flows through the unconsolidated deposits in Kamas Valley. Most recharge is from irrigation and seepage from major streams; most discharge is to Beaver Creek in the middle part of the valley. Long-term water-level fluctuations range from about 3 to 17 feet. Seasonal fluctuations exceed 50 feet. Transmissivity varies over four orders of magnitude in both the unconsolidated deposits and consolidated rock and is typically 1,000 to 10,000 feet squared per day in unconsolidated deposits and 100 feet squared per day in consolidated rock as determined from specific capacity. Water samples collected from wells, streams, and springs had nitrate plus nitrite concentrations (as N) substantially less than 10 mg/L. Total and fecal coliform bacteria were detected in some surface-water samples and probably originate from livestock. Septic systems do not appear to be degrading water quality. A numerical ground-water flow model developed to test the conceptual understanding of the ground-water system adequately simulates water levels and flow in the unconsolidated deposits. Analyses of model fit and sensitivity were used to refine the conceptual and numerical models.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared by the  United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights; Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality; Weber Basin Water Conservancy District; Davis and Weber Counties Canal Company; and Weber River Water Users Association","usgsCitation":"Brooks, L., Stolp, B., and Spangler, L., 2003, Hydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in Kamas Valley, Summit County, Utah: Technical Publication 117, x, 74 p.","productDescription":"x, 74 p.","numberOfPages":"101","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332243,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332240,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=50-1-311"},{"id":332241,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/techinfo/wwwpub/tp_117.pdf"},{"id":332242,"rank":3,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/groundwater/gwmodelsview.asp#Kamas","text":"MODFLOW 2000 Model Data"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Summit County","otherGeospatial":"Kamas Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.38214111328124,\n              40.753499070431374\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.36566162109375,\n              40.75245875985305\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.34437561035156,\n              40.730608477796636\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.28875732421874,\n              40.742574997542924\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.25373840332031,\n              40.73216945026674\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.23588562011719,\n              40.67126439151552\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.24893188476561,\n              40.65355504328839\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.25373840332031,\n              40.632714496550626\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.22558593749999,\n              40.605090749765786\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.20429992675781,\n              40.57954165275019\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.15211486816406,\n              40.551895925961105\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.192626953125,\n              40.54876550151149\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.27433776855469,\n              40.56963223359563\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.33476257324217,\n              40.61343119773193\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.32514953613281,\n              40.660326819865354\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.3581085205078,\n              40.701984159668676\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.35879516601561,\n              40.72176227543699\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.37321472167969,\n              40.737892702684064\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.38214111328124,\n              40.753499070431374\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58550b89e4b02bdf681568c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, L.E.","contributorId":41852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stolp, Bernard J. 0000-0003-3803-1497","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-1497","contributorId":71942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolp","given":"Bernard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spangler, L.E.","contributorId":54230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spangler","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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