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The seaward-thickening wedge of extensive, eastward-dipping strata of largely unconsolidated sediments is classified into a series of 19 hydrogeologic units, based on interpretations of geophysical logs and allied descriptions and analyses from a regional network of 403 boreholes. </p><p>Potomac aquifer sediments of Early Cretaceous age form the primary ground-water supply resource. The Potomac aquifer is designated as a single aquifer because the fine-grained interbeds, which are spatially highly variable and inherently discontinuous, are not sufficiently dense across a continuous expanse to act as regional barriers to ground-water flow. Part of the Potomac aquifer in the outer part of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater consists of megablock beds, which are relatively undeformed internally but are bounded by widely separated faults. The Potomac aquifer is entirely truncated across the inner part of the crater. The Potomac confining zone approximates a transition from the Potomac aquifer to overlying hydrogeologic units. </p><p>New or revised designations of sediments of Late Cretaceous age that are present only south of the James River include the upper Cenomanian confining unit, the Virginia Beach aquifer and confining zone, and the Peedee aquifer and confining zone. The Virginia Beach aquifer is a locally important ground-water supply resource. </p><p>Sediments of late Paleocene to early Eocene age that compose the Aquia aquifer and overlying Nanjemoy-Marlboro confining unit are truncated along the margin of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater. Sediments of late Eocene age compose three newly designated confining units within the crater, which are from bottom to top, the impact-generated Exmore clast and Exmore matrix confining units, and the Chickahominy confining unit. </p><p>Piney Point aquifer sediments of early Eocene to middle Miocene age overlie most of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater and beyond, but are a locally significant ground-water supply resource only outside of the crater across the middle reaches of the Northern Neck, Middle, and York-James Peninsulas. Sediments of middle Miocene to late Miocene age that compose the Calvert confining unit and overlying Saint Marys confining unit effectively separate the underlying Piney Point aquifer and deeper aquifers from overlying shallow aquifers. Saint Marys aquifer sediments of late Miocene age separate the Calvert and Saint Marys confining units across two limited areas only. </p><p>Sediments of the Yorktown-Eastover aquifer of late Miocene to late Pliocene age form the second most heavily used ground-water supply resource. The Yorktown confining zone approximates a transition to the overlying late Pliocene to Holocene sediments of the surficial aquifer, which extends across the entire land surface in the Virginia Coastal Plain and is a moderately used supply. The Yorktown-Eastover aquifer and the eastern part of the surficial aquifer are closely associated across complex and extensive hydraulic connections and jointly compose a shallow, generally semiconfined ground-water system that is hydraulically separated from the deeper system. </p><p>Vertical faults extend from the basement upward through most of the hydrogeologic units but may be more widespread and ubiquitous than recognized herein, because areas of sparse boreholes do not provide adequate spatial control. Hydraulic conductivity probably is decreased locally by disruption of depositional intergranular structure by fault movement in the generally incompetent sediments. Localized fluid flow in open fractures may be unique in the Chickahominy confining unit. Some hydrogeologic units are partly to wholly truncated where displacements are large relative to unit thickness, resulting in lateral flow barriers or flow conduits. </p><p>The tops of the Saint Marys confining unit, YorktownEastover aquifer, and Yorktown confining zone are widely sculpted by erosion that reflects both the present-day topography and buried paleochannels. Fault displacements across the top surfaces of these hydrogeologic units probably have been beveled by erosion. Additionally, erosion has modified the margins of many hydrogeologic units by truncation along the valleys of major rivers and their tributaries, beneath which underlying hydrogeologic units are incised. As a result, the surficial aquifer is in contact with a “patchwork” of underlying hydrogeologic units that create a complex array of hydraulic connections between the confined and unconfined ground-water systems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1731","isbn":"1411310659","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"McFarland, R.E., and Scott, B.T., 2006, The Virginia Coastal Plain Hydrogeologic Framework: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1731, Report (x, 119 p.); 25 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1731.","productDescription":"Report ix, 118 p.; 25 Plates: 21.16 x 29.87 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110720,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81146.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"81146"},{"id":192448,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9467,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/2006/1731/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Virginia Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.5,\n              38.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.5,\n              36.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.5,\n              36.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.5,\n              38.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.5,\n              38.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d60c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McFarland, E. Randolph 0000-0002-4135-6842 ermcfarl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4135-6842","contributorId":195668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarland","given":"E.","email":"ermcfarl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Randolph","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bruce, T. Scott","contributorId":197588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruce","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79783,"text":"sir20065270 - 2006 - Methods for Adjusting U.S. Geological Survey Rural Regression Peak Discharges in an Urban Setting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:56","indexId":"sir20065270","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5270","title":"Methods for Adjusting U.S. Geological Survey Rural Regression Peak Discharges in an Urban Setting","docAbstract":"A study was conducted of 78 U.S. Geological Survey gaged streams that have been subjected to varying degrees of urbanization over the last three decades. Flood-frequency analysis coupled with nonlinear regression techniques were used to generate a set of equations for converting peak discharge estimates determined from rural regression equations to a set of peak discharge estimates that represent known urbanization. Specifically, urban regression equations for the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year return periods were calibrated as a function of the corresponding rural peak discharge and the percentage of impervious area in a watershed. The results of this study indicate that two sets of equations, one set based on imperviousness and one set based on population density, performed well. Both sets of equations are dependent on rural peak discharges, a measure of development (average percentage of imperviousness or average population density), and a measure of homogeneity of development within a watershed. Average imperviousness was readily determined by using geographic information system methods and commonly available land-cover data. Similarly, average population density was easily determined from census data. Thus, a key advantage to the equations developed in this study is that they do not require field measurements of watershed characteristics as did the U.S. Geological Survey urban equations developed in an earlier investigation.\r\n\r\nDuring this study, the U.S. Geological Survey PeakFQ program was used as an integral tool in the calibration of all equations. The scarcity of historical land-use data, however, made exclusive use of flow records necessary for the 30-year period from 1970 to 2000. Such relatively short-duration streamflow time series required a nonstandard treatment of the historical data function of the PeakFQ program in comparison to published guidelines. Thus, the approach used during this investigation does not fully comply with the guidelines set forth in U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 17B, and modifications may be needed before it can be applied in practice.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20065270","usgsCitation":"Moglen, G.E., and Shivers, D.E., 2006, Methods for Adjusting U.S. Geological Survey Rural Regression Peak Discharges in an Urban Setting: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5270, vi, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065270.","productDescription":"vi, 55 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9679,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5270/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a0cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moglen, Glenn E.","contributorId":106585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moglen","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13220,"text":"The Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":290824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shivers, Dorianne E.","contributorId":106988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shivers","given":"Dorianne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79756,"text":"sir20065150 - 2006 - Organic Compounds and Trace Elements in Fish Tissue and Bed Sediment in the Delaware River Basin, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, and Delaware, 1998-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:24","indexId":"sir20065150","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5150","title":"Organic Compounds and Trace Elements in Fish Tissue and Bed Sediment in the Delaware River Basin, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, and Delaware, 1998-2000","docAbstract":"As part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program activities in the Delaware River Basin (DELR), samples of fish tissue from 21 sites and samples of bed sediment from 35 sites were analyzed for a suite of organic compounds and trace elements. The sampling sites, within subbasins ranging in size from 11 to 600 square miles, were selected to represent 5 main land-use categories in the DELR -forest, low-agricultural, agricultural, urban, and mixed use. Samples of both fish tissue and bed sediment were also collected from 4 'large-river' sites that represented drainage areas ranging from 1,300 to 6,800 square miles, areas in which the land is used for a variety of purposes.\r\n\r\nOne or more of the organochlorine compounds-DDT and chlordane metabolites, polychlorinated biphenyls (total PCBs), and dieldrin- were detected frequently in samples collected over a wide geographic area. One or more of these compounds were detected in fish-tissue samples from 92 percent of the sites and in bed-sediment samples from 82 percent of the sites. Concentrations of total DDT, total chlordanes, total PCBs, and dieldrin in whole white suckers and in bed sediment were significantly related to urban/industrial basin characteristics, such as percentage of urban land use and population density.\r\n\r\nSemi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs)-total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), total phthalates, and phenols- were detected frequently in bed-sediment samples. All three types of SVOCs were detected in samples from at least one site in each land-use category. The highest detection rates and concentrations typically were in samples from sites in the urban and mixed land-use categories, as well as from the large-river sites. Concentrations of total PAHs and total phthalates in bed-sediment samples were found to be statistically related to percentages of urban land use and to population density in the drainage areas represented by the sampling sites.\r\n\r\nThe samples of fish tissue and bed sediment collected throughout the DELR were analyzed for a large suite of trace elements, but results of the analyses for eight elements-arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, mercury, and zinc- that are considered contaminants of concern are described in this report. One or more of the eight trace elements were detected in samples from every fish tissue and bed-sediment sampling site, and all of the trace elements were detected in samples from 97 percent of the bed-sediment sites.\r\n\r\nThe concentrations of organic compounds and trace elements in the DELR samples were compared to applicable guidelines for the protection of wildlife and other biological organisms. Concentrations of total DDT, total chlordanes, total PCBs, and dieldrin in fish-tissue samples from 14 sites exceeded one or more of the Wildlife Protective Guidelines established by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Concentrations of one or more organic compounds in samples from 16 bed-sediment sites exceeded the Threshold Effects Concentrations (TEC) of the Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines, and concentrations of one or more of the eight trace elements in samples from 38 bed-sediment sites exceeded the TEC. (The TEC is the concentration below which adverse biological effects in freshwater ecosystems are expected to be rare.) Concentrations of organic compounds in samples from some bed-sediment sites exceeded the Canadian Probable Effects Concentrations (PEC), and concentrations of trace elements in samples from 18 sites exceeded the PEC. (The PEC is the concentration above which adverse effects to biological organisms are expected to occur frequently).\r\n\r\nConcentrations of organic compounds and trace elements in samples from the DELR were compared to similar data from other NAWQA study units in the northeastern United States and also data from the Mobile River (Alabama) Basin and the Northern Rockies Intermontane Basin study units. Median concentrations of to","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065150","usgsCitation":"Romanok, K., Fischer, J., Riva-Murray, K., Brightbill, R., and Bilger, M., 2006, Organic Compounds and Trace Elements in Fish Tissue and Bed Sediment in the Delaware River Basin, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, and Delaware, 1998-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5150, xii, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065150.","productDescription":"xii, 70 p.","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9431,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5150/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.5,39 ], [ -76.5,42.5 ], [ -74,42.5 ], [ -74,39 ], [ -76.5,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db691119","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Romanok, Kristin M. kromanok@usgs.gov","contributorId":3771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanok","given":"Kristin M.","email":"kromanok@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2996-9272 fischer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-9272","contributorId":573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Jeffrey M.","email":"fischer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riva-Murray, Karen","contributorId":85650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riva-Murray","given":"Karen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brightbill, Robin","contributorId":93150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brightbill","given":"Robin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bilger, Michael","contributorId":33802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bilger","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":79755,"text":"ds123 - 2006 - Organic Compounds, Trace Elements, Suspended Sediment, and Field Characteristics at the Heads-of-Tide of the Raritan, Passaic, Hackensack, Rahway, and Elizabeth Rivers, New Jersey, 2000-03","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:20","indexId":"ds123","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"123","title":"Organic Compounds, Trace Elements, Suspended Sediment, and Field Characteristics at the Heads-of-Tide of the Raritan, Passaic, Hackensack, Rahway, and Elizabeth Rivers, New Jersey, 2000-03","docAbstract":"Concentrations of suspended sediment, particulate and dissolved organic carbon, trace elements, and organic compounds were measured in samples from the heads-of-tide of the five tributaries to the Newark and Raritan Bays during June 2000 to June 2003. The samples were collected as part of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Toxics Reduction Workplan/Contaminant Assessment Reduction Program. Samples of streamwater were collected at water-quality sampling stations constructed near U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations on the Raritan, Passaic, Hackensack, Rahway, and Elizabeth Rivers. Sampling was conducted during base-flow conditions and storms. Constituent concentrations were measured to determine the water quality and to calculate the load of sediment and contaminants contributed to the bays from upstream sources.\r\n\r\nWater samples were analyzed for suspended sediment, dissolved organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, and specific conductance. Samples of suspended sediment and water were analyzed for 98 distinct polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, 7 dioxins, 10 furans, 27 pesticides, 26 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and the trace elements cadmium, lead, mercury, and methyl-mercury. Measurements of ultra-low concentrations of organic compounds in sediment and water were obtained by collecting 1 to 3 grams of suspended sediment on glass fiber filters and by passing at least 20 liters of filtered water through XAD-2 resin. The extracted sediment and XAD-2 resin were analyzed for organic compounds by high- and low-resolution gas chromatography mass-spectrometry that uses isotope dilution procedures. Trace elements in filtered and unfiltered samples were analyzed for cadmium, lead, mercury, and methyl-mercury by inductively coupled charged plasma and mass-spectrometry.\r\n\r\nAll constituent concentrations are raw data. Interpretation of the data will be completed in the second phase of the study.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ds123","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Bonin, J., and Wilson, T.P., 2006, Organic Compounds, Trace Elements, Suspended Sediment, and Field Characteristics at the Heads-of-Tide of the Raritan, Passaic, Hackensack, Rahway, and Elizabeth Rivers, New Jersey, 2000-03: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 123, vi, 33 p.; Data Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds123.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p.; Data Tables","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2000-06-01","temporalEnd":"2003-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9430,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/123/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75,40 ], [ -75,41 ], [ -73,41 ], [ -73,40 ], [ -75,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db691268","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonin, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-7631-9734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-9734","contributorId":59404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonin","given":"Jennifer L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Timothy P. 0000-0003-1914-6344 tpwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1914-6344","contributorId":3752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Timothy","email":"tpwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79752,"text":"ofr20061011 - 2006 - Bedrock map of the early Mesozoic Pomperaug basin and surrounding basement rocks, Litchfield and New Haven counties, CT","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-07T20:04:09.296076","indexId":"ofr20061011","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1011","title":"Bedrock map of the early Mesozoic Pomperaug basin and surrounding basement rocks, Litchfield and New Haven counties, CT","docAbstract":"The Bedrock map of Mesozoic Pomperaug basin and surrounding areas will show a description of minerals in pre-Mesozoic rocks in ascending order of abundance.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061011","usgsCitation":"Burton, W., 2006, Bedrock map of the early Mesozoic Pomperaug basin and surrounding basement rocks, Litchfield and New Haven counties, CT: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1011, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061011.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9427,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1011/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":388917,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81092.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","county":"Litchfield County, New Haven County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.1750,\n              41.5833\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.2583,\n              41.5833\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.2583,\n              41.4417\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.1750,\n              41.4417\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.1750,\n              41.5833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63dc92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, William","contributorId":33775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79748,"text":"ofr20071008 - 2006 - Quantifying the Components of Impervious Surfaces","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:12","indexId":"ofr20071008","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1008","title":"Quantifying the Components of Impervious Surfaces","docAbstract":"This study's objectives were to (1) determine the relative contribution of impervious surface individual components by collecting digital information from high-resolution imagery, 1-meter or better; and to (2) determine which of the more advanced techniques, such as spectral unmixing or the application of coefficients to land use or land cover data, was the most suitable method that could be used by State and local governments as well as Federal agencies to efficiently measure the imperviousness in any given watershed or area of interest.\r\n\r\nThe components of impervious surfaces, combined from all the watersheds and time periods from objective one were the following: buildings 29.2-percent, roads 28.3-percent, parking lots 24.6-percent; with the remaining three totaling 14-percent - driveways, sidewalks, and other, where other were any other features that were not contained within the first five.\r\n\r\nResults from objective two were spectral unmixing techniques will ultimately be the most efficient method of determining imperviousness, but are not yet accurate enough as it is critical to achieve accuracy better than 10-percent of the truth, of which the method is not consistently accomplishing as observed in this study. Of the three techniques in coefficient application tested, land use coefficient application was not practical, while if the last two methods, coefficients applied to land cover data, were merged, their end results could be to within 5-percent or better, of the truth. Until the spectral unmixing technique has been further refined, land cover coefficients should be used, which offer quick results, but not current as they were developed for the 1992 National Land Characteristics Data.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071008","isbn":"0607978159","collaboration":"Prepared for the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration; In collaboration with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Assessment","usgsCitation":"Tilley, J.S., and Slonecker, E.T., 2006, Quantifying the Components of Impervious Surfaces: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1008, v, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071008.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","costCenters":[{"id":246,"text":"Eastern Region Geographic Services","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9422,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1008/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cc7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilley, Janet S. jtilley@usgs.gov","contributorId":480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilley","given":"Janet","email":"jtilley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slonecker, E. Terrence 0000-0002-5793-0503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5793-0503","contributorId":67175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slonecker","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Terrence","affiliations":[{"id":36171,"text":"National Civil Applications Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70201467,"text":"70201467 - 2006 - The HRSC DTM test","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-13T16:34:21","indexId":"70201467","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-30T15:45:35","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"displayTitle":"The HRSC DTM test","title":"The HRSC DTM test","docAbstract":"<p>The High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) has been orbiting the planet Mars since January 2004 onboard the ESA Mars Express mission and delivers imagery which is being used for topographic mapping of the planet. The HRSC team is currently conducting a systematic inter-comparison of different alternatives for the production of high resolution Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) from the multilook HRSC push broom imagery. Based on carefully chosen test sites the test participants have produced DTMs which have been subsequently analysed in a quantitative and a qualitative manner. This paper reports on the results obtained in this test.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Symposium of ISPRS Commission IV","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium of ISPRS Commission IV","conferenceDate":"September 25-30, 2006","conferenceLocation":"Goa, India","language":"English","publisher":"International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Heipke, C., Oberst, J., Albertz, J., Attwenger, M., Dorninger, P., Dorrer, E., Ewe, M., Gehrke, S., Gwinner, K., Hirschmuller, H., Kim, J., Kirk, R.L., Mayer, H., Muller, J., Rengarajan, R., Rentsch, M., Schmidt, R., Scholten, F., Shan, J., Spiegel, M., Wahlisch, M., Neukum, G., and HRSC Co-Investigator Team, 2006, The HRSC DTM test, <i>in</i> Symposium of ISPRS Commission IV, Goa, India, September 25-30, 2006, 15 p.; CD-ROM.","productDescription":"15 p.; CD-ROM","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360267,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":360266,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXVI/part4/"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c137dd6e4b006c4f85148be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heipke, Christian","contributorId":211328,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heipke","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oberst, Jurgen","contributorId":147983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oberst","given":"Jurgen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Albertz, Jeorg","contributorId":211330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Albertz","given":"Jeorg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Attwenger, Maria","contributorId":211331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Attwenger","given":"Maria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dorninger, Peter","contributorId":211333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorninger","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dorrer, Egon","contributorId":211334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorrer","given":"Egon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ewe, M.","contributorId":20974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewe","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gehrke, Stephan","contributorId":211336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gehrke","given":"Stephan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gwinner, Klaus","contributorId":211338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gwinner","given":"Klaus","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hirschmuller, H.","contributorId":26881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirschmuller","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kim, J.R.","contributorId":77363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Mayer, H.","contributorId":108255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Muller, Jan-Peter","contributorId":26882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"Jan-Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Rengarajan, Rajagopalan 0000-0003-1860-7110 rrengarajan@contractor.usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1860-7110","contributorId":192376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rengarajan","given":"Rajagopalan","email":"rrengarajan@contractor.usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40546,"text":"KBR, Contractor to the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":754214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Rentsch, M.","contributorId":81312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rentsch","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Schmidt, R.","contributorId":38777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Scholten, Frank","contributorId":211346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scholten","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Shan, J.","contributorId":33532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Spiegel, Michael","contributorId":211347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spiegel","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Wahlisch, M.","contributorId":62831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahlisch","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Neukum, Gerhard","contributorId":211350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neukum","given":"Gerhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"HRSC Co-Investigator Team","contributorId":211470,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"HRSC Co-Investigator Team","id":754222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23}]}}
,{"id":79731,"text":"ofr20061220 - 2006 - Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2001 - November 30, 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-22T20:39:30.89845","indexId":"ofr20061220","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1220","title":"Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2001 - November 30, 2002","docAbstract":"A Decree of the United States Supreme Court in 1954 established the position of Delaware River Master within the U.S. Geological Survey. In addition, the Decree authorizes diversions of water from the Delaware River Basin and requires compensating releases from certain reservoirs, owned by New York City, to be made under the supervision and direction of the River Master. The Decree stipulates that the River Master will furnish reports to the Court, not less frequently than annually. This report is the 49th Annual Report of the River Master of the Delaware River. It covers the 2002 River Master report year, that is, the period from December 1, 2001, to November 30, 2002.\r\n\r\nDuring the report year, precipitation in the upper Delaware River Basin was 2.73 in. greater than the long-term average. Combined storage in Pepacton, Cannonsville, and Neversink Reservoirs was at a record low level on December 1, 2001. Reservoir storage increased steadily from mid-winter until late June. Storage declined steadily from early July to mid-October then increased through the end of the year. Delaware River operations were conducted at reduced levels from December 1, 2001, to May 25, 2002, when drought emergency conditions prevailed, and as prescribed by the Decree from May 26, 2002, to November 30, 2002.\r\n\r\nDiversions from the Delaware River Basin by New York City and New Jersey were in compliance with the terms of the Decree or with the reduced limits in effect during drought emergency conditions. Reservoir releases were made as directed by the River Master at rates designed to meet the flow objective for the Delaware River at Montague, New Jersey, on 101 days during the report year. Releases were made at experimental conservation rates-or rates designed to relieve thermal stress and protect the fishery and aquatic habitat in the tailwaters of the reservoirs-on all other days.\r\n\r\nDuring the report year, New York City and New Jersey complied fully with the terms of the Decree, and during drought emergency conditions, with the terms of the 'Interstate Water Management Recommendations of the Parties to the Decree' (DRBC Resolution 83-13), and directives and requests of the River Master.\r\n\r\nAs part of a long-term program, the quality of water in the Delaware Estuary between Trenton, New Jersey, and Reedy Island Jetty, Delaware, was monitored at various locations. Data on water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and pH were collected by electronic instruments at four sites, and data on water temperature and specific conductance were collected at one site. In addition, selected water-quality data were collected at 3 sites on a monthly basis and at 19 sites on a semimonthly basis.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061220","usgsCitation":"Krejmas, B.E., Paulachok, G.N., and Carswell, W., 2006, Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2001 - November 30, 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1220, vi, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061220.","productDescription":"vi, 80 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2001-12-01","temporalEnd":"2002-11-30","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":389614,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81065.htm"},{"id":9398,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1220/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.3667,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.40,\n              39      \n            ],\n            [\n              -74.40,\n              42.4333\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.3667,\n              42.4333\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.3667,\n              39\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699b40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krejmas, Bruce E.","contributorId":102501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krejmas","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paulachok, Gary N. gnpaulac@usgs.gov","contributorId":3500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulachok","given":"Gary","email":"gnpaulac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carswell, William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79735,"text":"sir20065306 - 2006 - Analysis of the Magnitude and Frequency of Peak Discharges for the Navajo Nation in Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:24","indexId":"sir20065306","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5306","title":"Analysis of the Magnitude and Frequency of Peak Discharges for the Navajo Nation in Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico","docAbstract":"Estimates of the magnitude and frequency of peak discharges are necessary for the reliable flood-hazard mapping in the Navajo Nation in Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico. The Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and Navajo Nation requested that the U.S. Geological Survey update estimates of peak discharge magnitude for gaging stations in the region and update regional equations for estimation of peak discharge and frequency at ungaged sites.\r\n\r\nEquations were developed for estimating the magnitude of peak discharges for recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 500 years at ungaged sites using data collected through 1999 at 146 gaging stations, an additional 13 years of peak-discharge data since a 1997 investigation, which used gaging-station data through 1986. The equations for estimation of peak discharges at ungaged sites were developed for flood regions 8, 11, high elevation, and 6 and are delineated on the basis of the hydrologic codes from the 1997 investigation.\r\n\r\nPeak discharges for selected recurrence intervals were determined at gaging stations by fitting observed data to a log-Pearson Type III distribution with adjustments for a low-discharge threshold and a zero skew coefficient. A low-discharge threshold was applied to frequency analysis of 82 of the 146 gaging stations. This application provides an improved fit of the log-Pearson Type III frequency distribution. Use of the low-discharge threshold generally eliminated the peak discharge having a recurrence interval of less than 1.4 years in the probability-density function.\r\n\r\nWithin each region, logarithms of the peak discharges for selected recurrence intervals were related to logarithms of basin and climatic characteristics using stepwise ordinary least-squares regression techniques for exploratory data analysis. Generalized least-squares regression techniques, an improved regression procedure that accounts for time and spatial sampling errors, then was applied to the same data used in the ordinary least-squares regression analyses. The average standard error of prediction for a peak discharge have a recurrence interval of 100-years for region 8 was 53 percent (average) for the 100-year flood. The average standard of prediction, which includes average sampling error and average standard error of regression, ranged from 45 to 83 percent for the 100-year flood. Estimated standard error of prediction for a hybrid method for region 11 was large in the 1997 investigation. No distinction of floods produced from a high-elevation region was presented in the 1997 investigation. Overall, the equations based on generalized least-squares regression techniques are considered to be more reliable than those in the 1997 report because of the increased length of record and improved GIS method.\r\n\r\nTechniques for transferring flood-frequency relations to ungaged sites on the same stream can be estimated at an ungaged site by a direct application of the regional regression equation or at an ungaged site on a stream that has a gaging station upstream or downstream by using the drainage-area ratio and the drainage-area exponent from the regional regression equation of the respective region.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065306","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Waltemeyer, S.D., 2006, Analysis of the Magnitude and Frequency of Peak Discharges for the Navajo Nation in Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5306, iv, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065306.","productDescription":"iv, 42 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2006_5306.jpg"},{"id":9405,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5306/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db67ffdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waltemeyer, Scott D.","contributorId":101709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waltemeyer","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79725,"text":"ofr20061341 - 2006 - Hydrogeology of the Lloyd aquifer on Long Island, New York— A brief summary of USGS investigations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-07T21:37:42.75512","indexId":"ofr20061341","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1341","title":"Hydrogeology of the Lloyd aquifer on Long Island, New York— A brief summary of USGS investigations","docAbstract":"The four counties of Long Island (fig. 1) are underlain by a wedge-shaped sequence of unconsolidated deposits of Late Cretaceous and Pleistocene age that lie unconformably on crystalline bedrock (fig. 2). A saprolitic (weathered bedrock) zone 20 to 100 ft thick overlies the bedrock in most areas. The sequence of unconsolidated deposits thickens to the south and southeast by about 65 to 100 feet per mile and contains Long Island's fresh ground water.\r\n\r\nLong Island's ground-water system consists of four main aquifers-the upper glacial, the Jameco, the Magothy, and the Lloyd. The Lloyd aquifer underlies nearly all of Long Island (fig. 3), but pumpage from the Lloyd has been limited to the northern and southern coastal areas of the island by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation since about 1955 (Garber, 1986). Coastal areas are exempt where the Lloyd is the only source of potable water. The former Jamaica Water Supply Corporation (now owned by New York City) is a noted exception withdrawing as much as 6 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) since the mid-1930s from the Lloyd in central Queens County.\r\n\r\nThis paper: (1) provides a brief history of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) studies that provided significant data on the Lloyd, (2) summarizes the hydraulic characteristics of the Lloyd as reported in those studies, and (3) describes present-day monitoring of the Lloyd by the USGS.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061341","usgsCitation":"Chu, A., 2006, Hydrogeology of the Lloyd aquifer on Long Island, New York— A brief summary of USGS investigations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1341, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061341.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":388928,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81064.htm"},{"id":9389,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1341/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.8231201171875,\n              41.062786068733026\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.25433349609375,\n              41.20758898181025\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.0316162109375,\n              41.00477542222947\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.6138916015625,\n              40.944639085793064\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.90502929687499,\n              40.77846164090355\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.04510498046875,\n              40.66813955408042\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.02862548828125,\n              40.57015381856105\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.9105224609375,\n              40.522150985623796\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.47381591796875,\n              40.576412521044425\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.11126708984375,\n              40.62646106367355\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.16644287109374,\n              40.907285514728756\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.8231201171875,\n              41.062786068733026\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db68487a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chu, Anthony 0000-0001-8623-2862 achu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8623-2862","contributorId":2517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"Anthony","email":"achu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79726,"text":"sir20065112 - 2006 - Magnitude and Frequency of Floods in New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:23","indexId":"sir20065112","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5112","title":"Magnitude and Frequency of Floods in New York","docAbstract":"Techniques are presented for estimating the magnitude and frequency of flood discharges on rural, unregulated streams in New York, excluding Long Island. Peak-discharge-frequency data and basin characteristics from 388 streamflow-gaging stations in New York and adjacent states were used to develop multiple linear regression equations for flood discharges with recurrence intervals ranging from 1.25 to 500 years. A generalized least-squares (GLS) procedure was used to develop the regression equations. Separate sets of equations were developed for each of six hydrologic regions of New York; standard errors of prediction range from 14 to 43 percent. Statistically significant explanatory variables in the regression equations include drainage area, main-channel slope, percent basin storage, mean annual precipitation, percent forested area, a basin lag factor, a ratio of main-channel slope to basin slope, mean annual runoff, maximum snow depth, and percentage of basin above 1,200 feet. Drainage areas for the 388 sites used in the analyses ranged from 0.41 to 4,773 square miles.\r\n\r\nMethods of computing flood discharges from the regression equations differ, depending on whether the estimate is for a gaged or ungaged basin, and whether the basin crosses hydrologic-region or state boundaries. Examples of computations are included. Discharge-frequency estimates for an additional 122 streamflow-gaging stations with significant regulation or urbanization (including Long Island) are also included as at-site estimates.\r\n\r\nBasin characteristics, log-Pearson Type III statistics, and regression and weighted estimates of the discharge-frequency relations are tabulated for the streamflow-gaging stations used in the regression analyses. Sensitivity analyses showed that mean-annual precipitation, drainage area, mean annual runoff, and maximum snow depth are the variables to which computed discharges are most sensitive in the regression equations.\r\n\r\nIncluded with the report is a DVD that provides computation procedures and geographic information system spatial datasets to compute basin characteristics used in the regional regression equations and flood-frequency estimates at a specified location on a stream.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20065112","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Lumia, R., Freehafer, D.A., and Smith, M.J., 2006, Magnitude and Frequency of Floods in New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5112, Available online and on DVD-ROM; Report: viii, 153, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065112.","productDescription":"Available online and on DVD-ROM; Report: viii, 153","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20065112.PNG"},{"id":9390,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5112/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a03f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lumia, Richard rlumia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumia","given":"Richard","email":"rlumia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freehafer, Douglas A. dfreehaf@usgs.gov","contributorId":5181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freehafer","given":"Douglas","email":"dfreehaf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Martyn J. 0000-0002-1107-9653 marsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-9653","contributorId":4474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Martyn","email":"marsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79724,"text":"sir20065291 - 2006 - Effects of Irrigation, Drought, and Ground-Water Withdrawals on Ground-Water Levels in the Southern Lihue Basin, Kauai, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"sir20065291","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5291","title":"Effects of Irrigation, Drought, and Ground-Water Withdrawals on Ground-Water Levels in the Southern Lihue Basin, Kauai, Hawaii","docAbstract":"A numerical ground-water-flow model was used to investigate the effects of irrigation on ground-water levels in the southern Lihue Basin, Kauai, Hawaii, and the relation between declining ground-water levels observed in the basin in the 1990s and early 2000s and concurrent drought, irrigation reduction, and changes in ground-water withdrawal. Results of steady-state model simulations indicate that changing from pre-development to 1981 irrigation and ground-water-withdrawal conditions could, given enough time for steady state to be achieved, raise ground-water levels in some areas of the southern Lihue Basin by as much as 200 feet, and that changing from 1981 to 1998 irrigation and ground-water-withdrawal conditions could lower ground-water levels in some areas by as much as 100 feet. Transient simulations combining drought, irrigation reduction, and changes in ground-water withdrawal show trends that correspond with those observed in measured water levels.\r\n\r\nResults of this study indicate that irrigation reduction was the primary cause of the observed decline in ground-water-levels. In contrast, ground-water withdrawal had a long-duration but small-magnitude effect, and drought had a widespread, high-magnitude but short-duration effect. Inasmuch as irrigation in the future is unlikely to return to the same levels as during the period of peak sugarcane agriculture, the decline in ground-water levels resulting from the reduction and ultimate end of sugarcane irrigation can be considered permanent. Assuming that irrigation does not return to the southern Lihue Basin and that, on average, normal rainfall persists and ground-water withdrawal remains at 1998 rates, model projections indicate that average ground-water levels in the Kilohana-Puhi area will continue to recover from the drought of 1998-2002 and eventually rise to within about 4 feet of the pre-drought conditions. Long-term climate trends, increases in ground-water withdrawal, or other factors not simulated in the model could also affect ground-water levels in the southern Lihue Basin in the future.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20065291","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the County of Kauai Department of Water","usgsCitation":"Izuka, S.K., 2006, Effects of Irrigation, Drought, and Ground-Water Withdrawals on Ground-Water Levels in the Southern Lihue Basin, Kauai, Hawaii (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5291, vi, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065291.","productDescription":"vi, 42 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9388,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5291/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159.5,20.5 ], [ -159.5,22.5 ], [ -159,22.5 ], [ -159,20.5 ], [ -159.5,20.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47a5e4b07f02db497afa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izuka, Scot K. 0000-0002-8758-9414 skizuka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-9414","contributorId":2645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izuka","given":"Scot","email":"skizuka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79711,"text":"b2209L - 2006 - U.S. industrial garnet","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":79711,"text":"b2209L - 2006 - U.S. industrial garnet","indexId":"b2209L","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"chapter":"L","title":"U.S. industrial garnet"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":44273,"text":"b2209 - 2003 - Contributions to Industrial-Minerals Research","indexId":"b2209","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to Industrial-Minerals Research"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":44273,"text":"b2209 - 2003 - Contributions to Industrial-Minerals Research","indexId":"b2209","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to Industrial-Minerals Research"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-03T19:54:55.138649","indexId":"b2209L","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2209","chapter":"L","title":"U.S. industrial garnet","docAbstract":"<p>The United States presently consumes about 16 percent of global production of industrial garnet for use in abrasive airblasting, abrasive coatings, filtration media, waterjet cutting, and grinding. As of 2005, domestic garnet production has decreased from a high of 74,000 t in 1998, and imports have increased to the extent that as much as 60 percent of the garnet used in the United States in 2003 was imported, mainly from India, China, and Australia; Canada joined the list of suppliers in 2005. The principal type of garnet used is almandite (almandine), because of its specific gravity and hardness; andradite is also extensively used, although it is not as hard or dense as almandite.</p><p>Most industrial-grade garnet is obtained from gneiss, amphibolite, schist, skarn, and igneous rocks and from alluvium derived from weathering and erosion of these rocks. Garnet mines and occurrences are located in 21 States, but the only presently active (2006) mines are in northern Idaho (garnet placers; one mine), southeastern Montana (garnet placers; one mine), and eastern New York (unweathered bedrock; two mines). In Idaho, garnet is mined from Tertiary and (or) Quaternary sedimentary deposits adjacent to garnetiferous metapelites that are correlated with the Wallace Formation of the Proterozoic Belt Supergroup. In New York, garnet is mined from crystalline rocks of the Adirondack Mountains that are part of the Proterozoic Grenville province, and from the southern Taconic Range that is part of the northern Appalachian Mountains. In Montana, sources of garnet in placers include amphibolite, mica schist, and gneiss of Archean age and younger granite. Two mines that were active in the recent past in southwestern Montana produced garnet from gold dredge tailings and saprolite.</p><p>In this report, we review the history of garnet mining and production and describe some garnet occurrences in most of the Eastern States along the Appalachian Mountains and in some of the Western States where industrial-grade garnet or its possible occurrence has been reported. Other natural and manmade materials compete with garnet in nearly all of the applications for which garnet can be used; garnet, however, has the advantages that it is reusable, nontoxic, and nonreactive. In addition, garnet produces much less dust than other abrasive materials, and spills are relatively benign and easy to clean up.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to industrial-minerals research (Bulletin 2209)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2209L","usgsCitation":"Evans, J.G., and Moyle, P.R., 2006, U.S. industrial garnet (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2209, v, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2209L.","productDescription":"v, 54 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192113,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":416679,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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,{"id":79719,"text":"sir20065299 - 2006 - Recent (2003-05) water quality of Barton Springs, Austin, Texas, with emphasis on factors affecting variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T14:42:25","indexId":"sir20065299","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5299","title":"Recent (2003-05) water quality of Barton Springs, Austin, Texas, with emphasis on factors affecting variability","docAbstract":"<p>From 2003 to 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, collected and analyzed water samples from the four springs (orifices) of Barton Springs in Austin, Texas (Upper, Main, Eliza, and Old Mill Springs), with the objective of characterizing water quality. Barton Springs is the major discharge point for the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards aquifer. A three-pronged sampling approach was used: physicochemical properties (including specific conductance and turbidity) were measured continuously; samples were collected from the four springs routinely every 2 weeks (during August-September 2003) to 3 weeks (during June 2004-June 2005) and analyzed for some or all major ions, nutrients, trace elements, soluble pesticides, and volatile organic compounds; and samples were collected from the four springs at more closely spaced intervals during the 2 weeks following two storms and analyzed for the same suite of constituents. Following the two storms, samples also were collected from five of the six major streams that provide recharge to Barton Springs. Spring discharge during both sample collection periods was above average (60 cubic feet per second or greater). Barton Springs was found to be affected by persistent low concentrations of atrazine (an herbicide), chloroform (a drinking-water disinfection by-product), and tetrachloroethene (a solvent). Increased recharge from the major recharging streams resulted in increased calcium, sulfate, atrazine, simazine, and tetrachloroethene concentrations and decreased concentrations of most other major ions, nitrate, and chloroform at one or more of the springs. These changes in concentration demonstrate the influence of water quality in recharging streams on water quality at the springs even during non-stormflow conditions. The geochemical compositions of the four springs indicate that Upper Spring is more contaminated and is influenced by a contributing flow path that is separate from those leading to other springs under all but stormflow conditions. Main, Eliza, and Old Mill Springs share at least one common flow path that contributes contaminants to the three springs. Old Mill Spring, however, is less affected by anthropogenic contaminants than the other springs and receives a greater component of water from a flow path whose geochemistry is influenced by water from the saline zone of the aquifer. At Main Spring, atrazine, simazine, chloroform, and tetrachloroethene concentrations increased following storms, describing breakthrough curves that peaked 2 days following rainfall; at Upper Spring, atrazine and simazine concentrations described breakthrough curves that peaked 1 day following rainfall. At both Main and Upper Springs, additional anthropogenic compounds were detected following storms. The geochemical response of the springs to recharge indicates that much of the transport occurs through conduits. When there is no flow in the recharging streams, ground water advects from the aquifer matrix into the conduits and is transported to the springs. When there is flow in the streams, recharge through the streambeds directly enters the conduit system and is transported to the springs. Following storms, surface runoff recharges through both interstream recharge features and streambeds, delivering runoff-related contaminants to Barton Springs.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065299","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., Garner, B.D., Musgrove, M., Guilfoyle, A.L., and Rao, M.V., 2006, Recent (2003-05) water quality of Barton Springs, Austin, Texas, with emphasis on factors affecting variability: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5299, Report: x, 83 p.; 5 Appendices (Appendix 1: 13 p., Appendix 2: 271 p., Appendix 3: 7 p., Appendix 4: 20 p., Appendix 5: 22 p.);, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065299.","productDescription":"Report: x, 83 p.; 5 Appendices (Appendix 1: 13 p., Appendix 2: 271 p., Appendix 3: 7 p., Appendix 4: 20 p., Appendix 5: 22 p.);","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20065299.gif"},{"id":9375,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5299/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648642","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garner, Bradley D. 0000-0002-6912-5093 bdgarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6912-5093","contributorId":2133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"Bradley","email":"bdgarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn","contributorId":34878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guilfoyle, Amber L.","contributorId":13707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guilfoyle","given":"Amber","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rao, Mohan V.","contributorId":92363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rao","given":"Mohan","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":79706,"text":"ofr20061308 - 2006 - Drainage Areas of Selected Streams in Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:21","indexId":"ofr20061308","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1308","title":"Drainage Areas of Selected Streams in Virginia","docAbstract":"Drainage areas were determined for more than 1,600 basins in the three major river basins of Virginia -- the North Atlantic Slope, South Atlantic Slope, and Ohio River Basins. Drainage areas range from 0.004 square mile to 7,866 square miles. A geographic information system was used to digitize and store data associated with the drainage basins. Drainage divides were digitized from digital U.S. Geological Survey 7.5-minute, 1:24,000-scale, topographic quadrangles using procedures recommended by the Subcommittee on Hydrology, Federal Interagency River Basin Committee. Digital drainage basins were quality assured, polygons of the closed drainage basins were generated, and drainage areas were computed.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061308","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Transportation and the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Hayes, D., and Wiegand, U., 2006, Drainage Areas of Selected Streams in Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1308, iii, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061308.","productDescription":"iii, 53 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9343,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1308/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635fcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Donald C.","contributorId":52945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Donald C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiegand, Ute","contributorId":76412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiegand","given":"Ute","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79697,"text":"ofr20061365 - 2006 - GP Workbench Manual: Technical Manual, User's Guide, and Software Guide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:14","indexId":"ofr20061365","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1365","title":"GP Workbench Manual: Technical Manual, User's Guide, and Software Guide","docAbstract":"GP Workbench is an open-source general-purpose geophysical data processing software package written primarily for ground penetrating radar (GPR) data. It also includes support for several USGS prototype electromagnetic instruments such as the VETEM and ALLTEM. The two main programs in the package are GP Workbench and GP Wave Utilities. GP Workbench has routines for filtering, gridding, and migrating GPR data; as well as an inversion routine for characterizing UXO (unexploded ordinance) using ALLTEM data. GP Workbench provides two-dimensional (section view) and three-dimensional (plan view or time slice view) processing for GPR data. GP Workbench can produce high-quality graphics for reports when Surfer 8 or higher (Golden Software) is installed. GP Wave Utilities provides a wide range of processing algorithms for single waveforms, such as filtering, correlation, deconvolution, and calculating GPR waveforms. GP Wave Utilities is used primarily for calibrating radar systems and processing individual traces. Both programs also contain research features related to the calibration of GPR systems and calculating subsurface waveforms. The software is written to run on the Windows operating systems. GP Workbench can import GPR data file formats used by major commercial instrument manufacturers including Sensors and Software, GSSI, and Mala. The GP Workbench native file format is SU (Seismic Unix), and subsequently, files generated by GP Workbench can be read by Seismic Unix as well as many other data processing packages.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061365","usgsCitation":"Oden, C.P., and Moulton, C.W., 2006, GP Workbench Manual: Technical Manual, User's Guide, and Software Guide (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1365, vi, 81 p.; GP Workbench Installer; GP Workbench Source Code, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061365.","productDescription":"vi, 81 p.; GP Workbench Installer; GP Workbench Source Code","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190519,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9333,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1365/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1573","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oden, Charles P.","contributorId":91184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oden","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moulton, Craig W. cmoulton@usgs.gov","contributorId":2198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moulton","given":"Craig","email":"cmoulton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79696,"text":"sim2916 - 2006 - Stratigraphic framework and depositional sequences in the Lower Silurian regional oil and gas accumulation, Appalachian Basin: From Licking County, Ohio, to Fayette County, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-30T20:32:18.839057","indexId":"sim2916","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2916","title":"Stratigraphic framework and depositional sequences in the Lower Silurian regional oil and gas accumulation, Appalachian Basin: From Licking County, Ohio, to Fayette County, West Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>The Lower Silurian regional oil and gas accumulation was named by Ryder and Zagorski (2003) for a 400-mile (mi)-long by 200-mi-wide hydrocarbon accumulation in the central Appalachian basin of the Eastern United States and Ontario, Canada. From the early 1880s to 2000, approximately 300 to 400 million barrels of oil and eight to nine trillion cubic feet of gas have been produced from the Lower Silurian regional oil and gas accumulation (Miller, 1975; McCormac and others, 1996; Harper and others, 1999). Dominant reservoirs in the regional accumulation are the Lower Silurian \"Clinton\" and Medina sandstones in Ohio and westernmost West Virginia and coeval rocks in the Lower Silurian Medina Group (Grimsby Sandstone (Formation) and Whirlpool Sandstone) in northwestern Pennsylvania and western New York. A secondary reservoir is the Upper Ordovician(?) and Lower Silurian Tuscarora Sandstone in central Pennsylvania and central West Virginia, a more proximal eastern facies of the \"Clinton\" sandstone and Medina Group (Yeakel, 1962; Cotter, 1982, 1983; Castle, 1998).</p><p>The Lower Silurian regional oil and gas accumulation is subdivided by Ryder and Zagorski (2003) into the following three parts: (1) an easternmost part consisting of local gas-bearing sandstone units in the Tuscarora Sandstone that is included with the basin-center accumulation; (2) an eastern part consisting predominantly of gas-bearing \"Clinton\" sandstone-Medina Group sandstones that have many characteristics of a basin-center accumulation (Davis, 1984; Zagorski, 1988, 1991; Law and Spencer, 1993); and (3) a western part consisting of oil- and gas-bearing \"Clinton\" sandstone-Medina Group sandstones that is a conventional accumulation with hybrid features of a basin-center accumulation (Zagorski, 1999). With the notable exception of the offshore part of Lake Erie (de Witt, 1993), the supply of oil and (or) gas in the hybrid-conventional part of the regional accumulation continues to decline because of the many wells drilled there since the late 1880s. However, new gas and local oil continues to be discovered in the deeper basin-center part (Zagorski, 1991; Pees, 1994; Petroleum Information Corporation, 1994). In general, only small quantities of gas have been produced from the Tuscarora Sandstone fields because of their generally poor reservoir quality and because of the low energy (Btu) content of the gas (Avary, 1996). Although fracture porosity is the dominant porosity type in the Tuscarora Sandstone gas reservoirs (Avary, 1996), there are several fields, such as Indian Creek, where intergranular porosity seems to be important (Bruner, 1983; Castle and Byrnes, 2005).</p><p>In order to better understand the character and origin of the Lower Silurian regional oil and gas accumulation and its component parts, six cross sections were drawn through the Lower Silurian strata in parts of New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. The locations of all six cross sections are shown on sheet 2 (figs. 1 and 2) of this report. Each cross section shows the stratigraphic framework, depositional setting, sequence stratigraphy, and hydrocarbon-producing intervals of the Lower Silurian sandstone reservoirs and adjoining strata. Cross section F–F′ presented here is about 215 mi long and trends northwestward, approximately normal to the depositional strike of the Lower Silurian sandstone system, and extends through large stretches of the basin-center and hybrid-conventional parts of the Lower Silurian regional oil and gas accumulation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim2916","isbn":"1411309677","usgsCitation":"Ryder, R., 2006, Stratigraphic framework and depositional sequences in the Lower Silurian regional oil and gas accumulation, Appalachian Basin: From Licking County, Ohio, to Fayette County, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2916, Report: iii, 12 p.; 2 Sheets:52.00 x 26.00 inches and 48.00 x 30.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2916.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 12 p.; 2 Sheets:52.00 x 26.00 inches and 48.00 x 30.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":194486,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9332,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2006/2916/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110714,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_80828.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"80828"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.6667,\n              40.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.6667,\n              37.8333\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.9167,\n              37.8333\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.9167,\n              40.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.6667,\n              40.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0d46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryder, Robert T.","contributorId":77918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Robert T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79689,"text":"tm6E1 - 2006 - JUPITER: Joint Universal Parameter IdenTification and Evaluation of Reliability - An Application Programming Interface (API) for Model Analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-26T17:13:18","indexId":"tm6E1","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-E1","title":"JUPITER: Joint Universal Parameter IdenTification and Evaluation of Reliability - An Application Programming Interface (API) for Model Analysis","docAbstract":"<p>he Joint Universal Parameter IdenTification and Evaluation of Reliability Application Programming Interface (JUPITER API) improves the computer programming resources available to those developing applications (computer programs) for model analysis.</p><p>The JUPITER API consists of eleven Fortran-90 modules that provide for encapsulation of data and operations on that data. Each module contains one or more entities: data, data types, subroutines, functions, and generic interfaces. The modules do not constitute computer programs themselves; instead, they are used to construct computer programs. Such computer programs are called applications of the API. The API provides common modeling operations for use by a variety of computer applications.</p><p>The models being analyzed are referred to here as process models, and may, for example, represent the physics, chemistry, and(or) biology of a field or laboratory system. Process models commonly are constructed using published models such as MODFLOW (Harbaugh et al., 2000; Harbaugh, 2005), MT3DMS (Zheng and Wang, 1996), HSPF (Bicknell et al., 1997), PRMS (Leavesley and Stannard, 1995), and many others. The process model may be accessed by a JUPITER API application as an external program, or it may be implemented as a subroutine within a JUPITER API application . In either case, execution of the model takes place in a framework designed by the application programmer. This framework can be designed to take advantage of any parallel processing capabilities possessed by the process model, as well as the parallel-processing capabilities of the JUPITER API.</p><p>Model analyses for which the JUPITER API could be useful include, for example:</p><ol><li><p>&nbsp;</p>Compare model results to observed values to determine how well the model reproduces system processes and characteristics.</li><li>Use sensitivity analysis to determine the information provided by observations to parameters and predictions of interest.</li><li>Determine the additional data needed to improve selected model predictions.</li><li>Use calibration methods to modify parameter values and other aspects of the model.</li><li>Compare predictions to regulatory limits.</li><li>Quantify the uncertainty of predictions based on the results of one or many simulations using inferential or Monte Carlo methods.</li><li>Determine how to manage the system to achieve stated objectives.</li></ol><p>The capabilities provided by the JUPITER API include, for example, communication with process models, parallel computations, compressed storage of matrices, and flexible input capabilities. The input capabilities use input blocks suitable for lists or arrays of data. The input blocks needed for one application can be included within one data file or distributed among many files. Data exchange between different JUPITER API applications or between applications and other programs is supported by data-exchange files.</p><p>The JUPITER API has already been used to construct a number of applications. Three simple example applications are presented in this report. More complicated applications include the universal inverse code UCODE_2005 (Poeter et al., 2005), the multi-model analysis MMA (Eileen P. Poeter, Mary C. Hill, E.R. Banta, S.W. Mehl, and Steen Christensen, written commun., 2006), and a code named OPR_PPR (Matthew J. Tonkin, Claire R. Tiedeman, Mary C. Hill, and D. Matthew Ely, written communication, 2006).</p><p>This report describes a set of underlying organizational concepts and complete specifics about the JUPITER API. While understanding the organizational concept presented is useful to understanding the modules, other organizational concepts can be used in applications constructed using the JUPITER API.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tm6E1","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"2006, JUPITER: Joint Universal Parameter IdenTification and Evaluation of Reliability - An Application Programming Interface (API) for Model Analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-E1, xiv, 268 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6E1.","productDescription":"xiv, 268 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":190585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9322,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2006/tm6e1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db666fd3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Banta, Edward R. 0000-0001-8132-9315 erbanta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8132-9315","contributorId":2202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"Edward","email":"erbanta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726035,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poeter, Eileen P.","contributorId":78805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poeter","given":"Eileen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726036,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doherty, John E.","contributorId":8817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doherty","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7046,"text":"Watermark Numerical Computing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726037,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726038,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":79686,"text":"cir1301 - 2006 - The Response of Suspended Sediment, Turbidity, and Velocity to Historical Alterations of the Missouri River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:15","indexId":"cir1301","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1301","title":"The Response of Suspended Sediment, Turbidity, and Velocity to Historical Alterations of the Missouri River","docAbstract":"The heavy sediment load and large amounts of floating debris generated by the constantly caving banks of the Missouri River was documented in the first written description of the river by Father Jacques Marquette in 1673 as he approached the mouth of the Missouri River from the upper Mississippi River: \r\n\r\n'[We]' heard the noise of a rapid, into which we were about to run. I have seen nothing more dreadful. An accumulation of large and entire trees, branches, and floating islands, was issuing from the mouth of the river Pekitanoui (Missouri River), with such impetuosity that we could not without great danger risk passing through it. So great was its agitation that the water was so very muddy, and could not become clear.' \r\n\r\nHowever, large changes in suspended sediment and turbidity in the lower Missouri River below Gavins Point Dam have occurred in response to extensive structural changes that have been imposed on the Missouri River and its watershed during the last two centuries. Efforts to shape the channel, remove snags and sawyers, dredge shallows, and stabilize banks for navigation began as early as 1838 ( http://www.lewis-clark.org/ri_mo-snagboats.htm , Chittenden, 1903). However, bank stabilization efforts were sporadic and scattered in comparison to large scale changes that occurred after 1929. In the early 1930s the numerous small channels were combined into a single-fixed channel with 4,745 stone and wood-pile dikes, 3,371 dike extensions, streambank protection works on concave banks, man-made cutoffs, the closing of chutes with dikes, the removal of snags, and dredging (Keown and others, 1981). The resulting navigation channel was 6-ft (feet) deep by 200-ft wide and was expanded to 9 by 300 ft in the 1950s and early 1960s. Construction of six dams was started in 1933 and their reservoirs were filled by 1967. Three of these reservoirs are among the five largest in the United States. Nearly one-third of the Missouri River is now submerged below these massive reservoirs. Since 1967, hydrologic changes have been relatively minor. \r\n\r\nIn the early 1970s, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began the long-term, systematic collection of suspended-sediment and water-quality data that continues to the present (2006). Because changes in the channel configuration and hydrologic character of the river have been small compared to the changes before 1973, all samples collected after that time are referred to in this report as modern samples. These modern samples compose a large data set that are compared to samples collected before the pervasive hydrologic and channel-stabilizing changes that began in the early 1930s and to the qualitative and semiquantitative observations of the explorers in the early nineteenth century. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/cir1301","isbn":"1411312562","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Blevins, D.W., 2006, The Response of Suspended Sediment, Turbidity, and Velocity to Historical Alterations of the Missouri River: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1301, vi, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1301.","productDescription":"vi, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":190749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9321,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2006/1301/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ac99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blevins, Dale W. dblevins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blevins","given":"Dale","email":"dblevins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79682,"text":"fs20063139 - 2006 - U.S. Geological Survey's alert notification system for volcanic activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-24T13:56:34.677532","indexId":"fs20063139","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3139","displayTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey's Alert Notification System for Volcanic Activity","title":"U.S. Geological Survey's alert notification system for volcanic activity","docAbstract":"The United States and its territories have about 170 volcanoes that have been active during the past 10,000 years, and most could erupt again in the future. In the past 500 years, 80 U.S. volcanoes have erupted one or more times. About 50 of these recently active volcanoes are monitored, although not all to the same degree. Through its five volcano observatories, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) issues information and warnings to the public about volcanic activity. For clarity of warnings during volcanic crises, the USGS has now standardized the alert-notification system used at its observatories.","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/fs20063139","usgsCitation":"Gardner, C.A., and Guffanti, M.C., 2006, U.S. Geological Survey's alert-notification system for volcanic activity (ver. 2.0, April 2025): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006–3139, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063139.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":484865,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3139/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":484866,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3139/fs20063139.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2006-3139 PDF"},{"id":484867,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3139/versionHist.txt","description":"Version History"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: March 2, 2007; Version 2.0: April 23, 2025","contact":"<p><a href=\"http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/\">David A. Johnston Cascades Volcano Observatory</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>1300 SE Cardinal Court<br>Building 10, Suite 100<br>Vancouver, WA 98683</p>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2007-03-02","revisedDate":"2025-04-23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-03-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611c68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, Cynthia A. 0000-0002-6214-6182 cgardner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6214-6182","contributorId":1959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Cynthia","email":"cgardner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guffanti, Marianne C. guffanti@usgs.gov","contributorId":641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guffanti","given":"Marianne","email":"guffanti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79673,"text":"pp1720 - 2006 - The Cerrillos Uplift, the La Bajada Constriction, and Hydrogeologic Framework of the Santo Domingo Basin, Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T22:52:15.238211","indexId":"pp1720","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1720","title":"The Cerrillos Uplift, the La Bajada Constriction, and Hydrogeologic Framework of the Santo Domingo Basin, Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p class=\"abstract\">The geologic, geophysical, and hydrogeologic properties of the La Bajada constriction and Santo Domingo Basin, northern New Mexico, result from tectonic and volcanic processes of the late Tertiary and Quaternary Rio Grande rift. An integrated geologic and geophysical assessment in the La Bajada constriction allows development of a geologic framework that can provide input for regional ground-water flow models. These models then can provide better estimates of future water supplies in a region that largely subsists on aquifers in Rio Grande rift basins. The combination of surface geologic investigations (stratigraphic and structural studies; chapters A, B, C, and E), airborne geophysics (aeromagnetic and time-domain electromagnetic surveys; chapters D and F), ground geophysical measurements (gravity and magnetotelluric surveys; chapters D and F), and data from the few wells in the area (chapter G) provides new constraints on the hydrogeologic framework of this area.</p><p class=\"abstract\">Summary results of our investigations are synthesized in chapter G. Through-going aquifers consisting of ancestral Rio Grande axial-river sand and gravel and of coarse western-piedmont gravel form the predominant ground-water pathways through the partly buried structural trough defining the La Bajada constriction between Española and Santo Domingo Basins. Thick, clay-rich Cretaceous marine shales of low hydraulic conductivity form a pervasive regional confining unit within the Cerrillos uplift on the southeast flank of the constriction. Numerous, dominantly north-northwest-striking, intrabasin faults that project part way across the La Bajada constriction create a matrix of laterally and vertically variable hydrogeologic compartments that locally partition and deflect ground-water flow parallel to faults.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1720","usgsCitation":"2006, The Cerrillos Uplift, the La Bajada Constriction, and Hydrogeologic Framework of the Santo Domingo Basin, Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1720, iv, 189 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1720.","productDescription":"iv, 189 p.","numberOfPages":"193","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422859,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_98424.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9312,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1720/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192953,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.32999424944471,\n              36.589053798455666\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.32999424944471,\n              31.988065010408633\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.76611199941401,\n              31.988065010408633\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.76611199941401,\n              36.589053798455666\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.32999424944471,\n              36.589053798455666\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c4fb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Minor, Scott A. 0000-0002-6976-9235 sminor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-9235","contributorId":765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"Scott","email":"sminor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":888596,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79670,"text":"sir20065292 - 2006 - Water quality in the Bear River Basin of Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming prior to and following snowmelt runoff in 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T12:27:35","indexId":"sir20065292","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5292","title":"Water quality in the Bear River Basin of Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming prior to and following snowmelt runoff in 2001","docAbstract":"<p>Water-quality samples were collected from the Bear River during two base-flow periods in 2001: March 11 to 21, prior to snowmelt runoff, and July 30 to August 9, following snowmelt runoff. The samples were collected from 65 sites along the Bear River and selected tributaries and analyzed for dissolved solids and major ions, suspended sediment, nutrients, pesticides, and periphyton chlorophyll <i>a</i>.</p><p>On the main stem of the Bear River during March, dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 116 milligrams per liter (mg/L) near the Utah-Wyoming Stateline to 672 mg/L near Corinne, Utah. During July-August, dissolved-solid concentrations ranged from 117 mg/L near the Utah-Wyoming Stateline to 2,540 mg/L near Corinne and were heavily influenced by outflow from irrigation diversions. High concentrations of dissolved solids near Corinne result largely from inflow of mineralized spring water.</p><p>Suspended-sediment concentrations in the Bear River in March ranged from 2 to 98 mg/L and generally decreased below reservoirs. Tributary concentrations were much higher, as high as 861 mg/L in water from Battle Creek. Streams with high sediment concentrations in March included Whiskey Creek, Otter Creek, and the Malad River. Sediment concentrations in tributaries in July-August generally were lower than in March.</p><p>The concentrations of most dissolved and suspended forms of nitrogen generally were higher in March than in July-August. Dissolved ammonia concentrations in the Bear River and its tributaries in March ranged from less than 0.021 mg/L to as much as 1.43 mg/L, and dissolved ammonia plus organic nitrogen concentrations ranged from less than 0.1 mg/L to 2.4 mg/L. Spring Creek is the only site where the concentrations of all ammonia species exceeded 1.0 mg/L. In samples collected during March, tributary concentrations of dissolved nitrite plus nitrate ranged from 0.042 mg/L to 5.28 mg/L. In samples collected from tributaries during July-August, concentrations ranged from less than 0.23 mg/L to 3.06 mg/L. Concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate were highest in samples collected from the Whiskey Creek and Spring Creek drainage basins and from main-stem sites below Cutler Reservoir near Collinston (March) and Corinne (July-August).</p><p>Concentrations of total phosphorus at main-stem sites were fairly similar during both base-flow periods, ranging from less than 0.02 to 0.49 mg/L during March and less than 0.02 to 0.287 mg/L during July-August. In March, concentrations of total phosphorus in the Bear River generally increased from upstream to downstream. Total phosphorus concentrations in tributaries generally were higher in March than in July-August.</p><p>Concentrations of selected pesticides in samples collected from 20 sites in the Bear River basin in either March or July-August were less than 0.1 microgram per liter. Of the 12 pesticides detected, the most frequently detected insecticide was malathion, and prometon and atrazine were the most frequently detected herbicides.</p><p>Periphyton samples were collected at 14 sites on the Bear River during August. Chlorophyll <i>a</i> concentrations ranged from 21 milligrams per square meter to 416 milligrams per square meter, with highest concentrations occurring below reservoirs. Samples from 8 of the 14 sites had concentrations of chlorophyll a that exceeded 100 milligrams per square meter, indicating that algal abundance at these sites may represent a nuisance condition.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065292","usgsCitation":"Gerner, S.J., and Spangler, L.E., 2006, Water quality in the Bear River Basin of Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming prior to and following snowmelt runoff in 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5292, viii, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065292.","productDescription":"viii, 66 p.","numberOfPages":"77","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2001-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9308,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5292/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Bear River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.04931640625,\n              39.18117526158749\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.04931640625,\n              43.13306116240612\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.5224609375,\n              43.13306116240612\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.5224609375,\n              39.18117526158749\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.04931640625,\n              39.18117526158749\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697fd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerner, Steven J. 0000-0002-5701-1304 sjgerner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5701-1304","contributorId":972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerner","given":"Steven","email":"sjgerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spangler, Lawrence E. 0000-0003-3928-8809 spangler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3928-8809","contributorId":973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spangler","given":"Lawrence","email":"spangler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79672,"text":"ofr20061297 - 2006 - Occurrence of Pharmaceuticals in Shallow Ground-Water of Suffolk County, New York, 2002-05","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:21","indexId":"ofr20061297","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1297","title":"Occurrence of Pharmaceuticals in Shallow Ground-Water of Suffolk County, New York, 2002-05","docAbstract":"Seventy (70) water samples were collected from 61 wells in the upper glacial and Magothy aquifers (9 wells were sampled twice) during 2002-05 and analyzed for 24 pharmaceuticals. Wells were selected for their proximity to known wastewater-treatment facilities that discharge to the shallow upper glacial aquifer. Pharmaceuticals were detected in 28 of the 70 samples, 19 of which contained one compound, and 9 of which contained two or more compounds. Concentrations of detected compounds were extremely low; most ranged from 0.001 to 0.1 microgram per liter (part per billion). The two most commonly detected compounds were carbamazepine (an antiepileptic drug) and sulfamethoxazole (an antibiotic). Occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds in Suffolk County ground-water is less prevalent than in susceptible streams of the United States that were tested in 1998-2000, but the similarity of median concentrations of the detected compounds of the two data sets indicates that current wastewater practices can serve to introduce pharmaceuticals to this shallow aquifer.\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061297","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Suffolk County Water Authority","usgsCitation":"Benotti, M.J., Fisher, S., and Terracciano, S., 2006, Occurrence of Pharmaceuticals in Shallow Ground-Water of Suffolk County, New York, 2002-05: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1297, iv, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061297.","productDescription":"iv, 5 p.","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9310,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1297/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af7e4b07f02db693b2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benotti, Mark J.","contributorId":56315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benotti","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Shawn","contributorId":54679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Shawn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Terracciano, Stephen","contributorId":18858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terracciano","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79661,"text":"sim2934 - 2006 - Geologic Map of the MTM-20272 and-25272 Quadrangles, Tyrrhena Terra Region of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-28T14:18:59","indexId":"sim2934","displayToPublicDate":"2007-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2934","title":"Geologic Map of the MTM-20272 and-25272 Quadrangles, Tyrrhena Terra Region of Mars","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nMars Transverse Mercator (MTM) -20272 and -25272 quadrangles (lat 17.5?-27.5? S., long 270?-275? W.) cover part of the highlands of Tyrrhena Terra north of Hellas Planitia. The surface of the Tyrrhena Terra region records a complex history of impact cratering and modification by fluvial and eolian activity. The map area consists primarily of intercrater plains, impact crater material, and crater floor material. An extensive valley network, Vichada Valles, as well as several smaller networks, dissects the northern part of the map area. The abundance and widespread nature of fluvial features within the map area have significant implications for past Martian environmental conditions. The degraded terrains surrounding Hellas Planitia provide constraints on the role and timing of volatile-driven activity in the evolution of the highlands. The geologic history of this area may have been influenced not only by the presence of Hellas Planitia but also by other buried impact basins.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sim2934","isbn":"1411310624","collaboration":"Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Mest, S.C., and Crown, D., 2006, Geologic Map of the MTM-20272 and-25272 Quadrangles, Tyrrhena Terra Region of Mars (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2934, map (41x37 in); pamphlet 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2934.","productDescription":"map (41x37 in); pamphlet 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9403,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2006/2934/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1004000","projection":"Mars Transverse Mercator","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a84c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mest, Scott C.","contributorId":96375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mest","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crown, David A.","contributorId":102582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crown","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":69874,"text":"i2799 - 2006 - Geologic map of the central San Juan caldera cluster, southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-16T16:34:17","indexId":"i2799","displayToPublicDate":"2007-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"I-2799","title":"Geologic map of the central San Juan caldera cluster, southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>The San Juan Mountains are the largest erosional remnant of a composite volcanic field that covered much of the southern Rocky Mountains in middle Tertiary time. The San Juan field consists mainly of intermediate-composition lavas and breccias, erupted about 35-30 Ma from scattered central volcanoes (Conejos Formation) and overlain by voluminous ash-flow sheets erupted from caldera sources. In the central San Juan Mountains, eruption of at least 8,800 km<sup>3</sup> of dacitic-rhyolitic magma as nine major ash flow sheets (individually 150-5,000 km<sup>3</sup>) was accompanied by recurrent caldera subsidence between 28.3 Ma and about 26.5 Ma. Voluminous andesitic-dacitic lavas and breccias erupted from central volcanoes prior to the ash-flow eruptions, and similar lava eruptions continued within and adjacent to the calderas during the period of more silicic explosive volcanism. Exposed calderas vary in size from 10 to 75 km in maximum dimension; the largest calderas are associated with the most voluminous eruptions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2799","usgsCitation":"Lipman, P.W., 2006, Geologic map of the central San Juan caldera cluster, southwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP I-2799, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2799.","productDescription":"37 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":673,"text":"Western Volcano Hazards Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438859,"rank":701,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96QT04Y","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Database for the geologic map of the central San Juan caldera cluster, southwestern Colorado"},{"id":191543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/i2799.JPG"},{"id":110710,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_80744.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"80744"},{"id":9303,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2799/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Nevada, Utah","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.5,37 ], [ -107.5,38.5 ], [ -118,38.5 ], [ -118,37 ], [ -107.5,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a853b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}