{"pageNumber":"2401","pageRowStart":"60000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":79204,"text":"ofr20061304 - 2006 - Preliminary integrated geologic map databases for the United States: Digital data for the generalized bedrock geologic map, Yukon Flats region, east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T20:54:57.216072","indexId":"ofr20061304","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1304","title":"Preliminary integrated geologic map databases for the United States: Digital data for the generalized bedrock geologic map, Yukon Flats region, east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The growth in the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has highlighted the need for digital geologic maps that have been attributed with information about age and lithology. Such maps can be conveniently used to generate derivative maps for manifold special purposes such as mineral-resource assessment, metallogenic studies, tectonic studies, and environmental research. This report is part of a series of integrated geologic map databases that cover the entire United States. Three national-scale geologic maps that portray most or all of the United States already exist; for the conterminous U.S., King and Beikman (1974a,b) compiled a map at a scale of 1:2,500,000, Beikman (1980) compiled a map for Alaska at 1:2,500,000 scale, and for the entire U.S., Reed and others (2005a,b) compiled a map at a scale of 1:5,000,000. A digital version of the King and Beikman map was published by Schruben and others (1994). Reed and Bush (2004) produced a digital version of the Reed and others (2005a) map for the conterminous U.S. The present series of maps is intended to provide the next step in increased detail. State geologic maps that range in scale from 1:100,000 to 1:1,000,000 are available for most of the country, and digital versions of these state maps are the basis of this product. The digital geologic maps presented here are in a standardized format as ARC/INFO export files and as ArcView shape files. Data tables that relate the map units to detailed lithologic and age information accompany these GIS files. The map is delivered as a set 1:250,000-scale quadrangle files. To the best of our ability, these quadrangle files are edge-matched with respect to geology. When the maps are merged, the combined attribute tables can be used directly with the merged maps to make derivative maps.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061304","usgsCitation":"Till, A.B., Dumoulin, J.A., Phillips, J.D., Stanley, R.G., and Crews, J., 2006, Preliminary integrated geologic map databases for the United States: Digital data for the generalized bedrock geologic map, Yukon Flats region, east-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1304, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061304.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":398766,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_77848.htm"},{"id":8657,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1304/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Flats region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -153,\n              65\n            ],\n            [\n              -141,\n              65\n            ],\n            [\n              -141,\n              68\n            ],\n            [\n              -153,\n              68\n            ],\n            [\n              -153,\n              65\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db672cf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Till, Alison B. atill@usgs.gov","contributorId":2482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Till","given":"Alison","email":"atill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phillips, Jeffrey D. 0000-0002-6459-2821 jeff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":1572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crews, Jessie","contributorId":89996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crews","given":"Jessie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":79205,"text":"sir20065153 - 2006 - Effects of Surface-Water Diversion and Ground-Water Withdrawal on Streamflow and Habitat, Punaluu Stream, Oahu, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:17","indexId":"sir20065153","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5153","title":"Effects of Surface-Water Diversion and Ground-Water Withdrawal on Streamflow and Habitat, Punaluu Stream, Oahu, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The surface- and ground-water resources of the Punaluu area of northeast Oahu, Hawaii, have been and continue to be important for cultural, domestic, agricultural, recreational, and aesthetic purposes. Punaluu Stream flows perennially because rain falls frequently in the area and ground water discharges to the stream. Flow in Punaluu Stream is reduced by the direct diversion of water for off-stream uses and possibly from the withdrawal of ground water near the stream. Punaluu Ditch diverts water from Punaluu Stream near an altitude of 210 feet.\r\n\r\nDuring the recent period 1995-2004, discharge in Punaluu Stream that was equaled or exceeded 50 percent of the time (median or Q50 discharge) and discharge that was equaled or exceeded 95 percent of the time (Q95 discharge) measured immediately upstream from the Punaluu Ditch diversion intake, respectively, were 18 and 13 cubic feet per second, whereas the Q50 and Q95 discharges measured immediately downstream from the diversion intake, respectively, were 7.0 and 1.3 cubic feet per second. Thus, near an altitude of 210 feet, diversion of surface water by the Punaluu Ditch caused the Q50 discharge in Punaluu Stream to be reduced to 39 percent of the natural Q50 discharge, and the Q95 discharge was reduced to 10 percent of the natural value. The relative effects of the Punaluu Ditch diversion on flow in Punaluu Stream decreased in a downstream direction, mainly because of the compensating effects of tributary inflows and ditch return flows. At an altitude of 10 feet, the Q50 discharge in Punaluu Stream was 82 percent of the natural Q50 discharge, and the Q95 discharge was 69 percent of the natural value.\r\n\r\nChanges in streamflow affect the quantity and quality of physical habitat used by native stream fauna. The Physical Habitat Simulation System (PHABSIM) approach was used to evaluate the effects of different diversion scenarios on physical habitat for selected native species in Punaluu Stream. Habitat-suitability criteria developed for streams in northeast Maui, Hawaii, were used to determine the effects of incremental changes in streamflow on physical habitat, in terms of weighted usable area (WUA) in Punaluu Stream.\r\n\r\nThe effects of different diversion conditions on WUA for Neritina granosa and Awaous guamensis were evaluated by determining the average number of days per year for which WUA values are less than a specified reference value (during periods when discharge is less than or equal to the median natural discharge). For recent diverted conditions (1995-2004), the average number of days per year that WUA values are less than 50 or 75 percent of the WUA value at median natural discharge generally (1) decreases in a downstream direction, reflecting the effects of tributary inflows and ditch return flows, (2) is less than the corresponding number of days for constant diversion rates greater than about 4-5 cubic feet per second at a stream altitude of 10 feet, and (3) is greater than the corresponding number of days for a constant diversion rate of 10 cubic feet per second at stream altitudes of 40, 100, and 140 feet. The number of days that WUA values are less than 75 percent of the WUA value at median natural discharge generally increases substantially for constant diversion rates exceeding about 4-5 cubic feet per second. At stream altitudes of 10, 40, 100, and 200 feet and for constant diversion rates of up to 4 cubic feet per second, WUA values are less than 75 percent of the WUA value at median natural discharge for fewer than 13 days per year. At stream altitudes above 40 feet and for a constant diversion rate of 10 cubic feet per second, WUA values are less than 75 percent of the WUA value at median natural discharge for 131 to 183 days per year.\r\n\r\nStream temperature is a factor that potentially could affect the abundance and distribution of native aquatic species. Measured stream temperatures immediately upstream and downstream from the diversion intake did not indicat","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20065153","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the Honolulu Board of Water Supply","usgsCitation":"Oki, D.S., Wolff, R.H., and Perreault, J., 2006, Effects of Surface-Water Diversion and Ground-Water Withdrawal on Streamflow and Habitat, Punaluu Stream, Oahu, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5153, 114 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065153.","productDescription":"114 p.","numberOfPages":"114","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8658,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5153/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -157.93333333333334,21.516666666666666 ], [ -157.93333333333334,21.6 ], [ -157.86666666666667,21.6 ], [ -157.86666666666667,21.516666666666666 ], [ -157.93333333333334,21.516666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6880fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oki, Delwyn S. 0000-0002-6913-8804 dsoki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6913-8804","contributorId":1901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oki","given":"Delwyn","email":"dsoki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolff, Reuben H.","contributorId":35020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolff","given":"Reuben","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perreault, John M.","contributorId":50608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perreault","given":"John M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79207,"text":"ofr20061049 - 2006 - Water-quality reconnaissance of Laguna Tortuguero, Vega Baja, Puerto Rico, March 1999-May 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:19","indexId":"ofr20061049","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1049","title":"Water-quality reconnaissance of Laguna Tortuguero, Vega Baja, Puerto Rico, March 1999-May 2000","docAbstract":"The Laguna Tortuguero, a slightly saline to freshwater lagoon in north-central Puerto Rico, has a surface area of about 220 hectares and a mean depth of about 1.2 meters. As part of a water-quality reconnaissance, water samples were collected at about monthly and near bi-monthly intervals from March 1999 to May 2000 at four sites: three stations inside the lagoon and one station at the artificial outlet channel dredged in 1940, which connects the lagoon with the Atlantic Ocean. Physical characteristics that were determined from these water samples were pH, temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, dissolved oxygen saturation, and discharge at the outlet canal. Other water-quality constituents also were determined, including nitrogen and phosphorus species, organic carbon, chlorophyll a and b, plankton biomass, hardness, alkalinity as calcium carbonate, and major ions. Additionally, a diel study was conducted at three stations in the lagoon to obtain data on the diurnal variation of temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and dissolved oxygen saturation. The data analysis indicates the water quality of Laguna Tortuguero complies with the Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board standards and regulations.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061049","usgsCitation":"Soler-Lopez, L., Guzman-Rios, S., and Conde-Costas, C., 2006, Water-quality reconnaissance of Laguna Tortuguero, Vega Baja, Puerto Rico, March 1999-May 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1049, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061049.","productDescription":"26 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1999-03-01","temporalEnd":"2000-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":538,"text":"Puerto Rico Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8660,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1049/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -66.76666666666667,17.75 ], [ -66.76666666666667,17.8 ], [ -66.71666666666667,17.8 ], [ -66.71666666666667,17.75 ], [ -66.76666666666667,17.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5544","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soler-Lopez, Luis","contributorId":95158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soler-Lopez","given":"Luis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guzman-Rios, Senen sgguzman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guzman-Rios","given":"Senen","email":"sgguzman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conde-Costas, Carlos","contributorId":10768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conde-Costas","given":"Carlos","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79208,"text":"sir20065204 - 2006 - Concentrations, and estimated loads and yields of nutrients and suspended sediment in the Little River basin, Kentucky, 2003-04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:17","indexId":"sir20065204","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5204","title":"Concentrations, and estimated loads and yields of nutrients and suspended sediment in the Little River basin, Kentucky, 2003-04","docAbstract":"Nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, naturally occur but also are applied to land in the form of commercial fertilizers and livestock waste to enhance plant growth. Concentrations, estimated loads and yields, and sources of nitrite plus nitrate, total phosphorus, and orthophosphate were evaluated in streams of the Little River Basin to assist the Commonwealth of Kentucky in developing 'total maximum daily loads' (TMDLs) for streams in the basin. The Little River Basin encompasses about 600 square miles in Christian and Trigg Counties, and a portion of Caldwell County in western Kentucky. Water samples were collected in streams in the Little River Basin during 2003-04 as part of a study conducted in cooperation with the Kentucky Department of Agriculture. A total of 92 water samples were collected at four fixed-network sites from March through November 2003 and from February through November 2004. An additional 20 samples were collected at five synoptic-network sites during the same period.\r\n\r\nMedian concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended sediment varied spatially and seasonally. Concentrations of nitrogen were higher in the spring (March-May) after fertilizer application and runoff. The highest concentration of nitrite plus nitrate-5.7 milligrams per liter (mg/L)-was detected at the South Fork Little River site. The Sinking Fork near Cadiz site had the highest median concentration of nitrite plus nitrate (4.6 mg/L).\r\n\r\nThe North Fork Little River site and the Little River near Cadiz site had higher concentrations of orthophosphate in the fall and lower concentrations in the spring. Concentrations of orthophosphate remained high during the summer (June-August) at the North Fork Little River site possibly because of the contribution of wastewater effluent to streamflow. Fifty-eight percent of the concentrations of total phosphorus at the nine sites exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended maximum concentration limit of 0.1 mg/L.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of suspended sediment were highest in the spring during runoff and lowest in the fall. The highest concentration of suspended sediment (1,020 mg/L) was observed at the Sinking Fork near Cadiz site. The median concentration of suspended sediment for all sites sampled was 12 mg/L. A nonparameteric statistical test (Wilcoxson rank-sum) showed that the median concentrations of suspended sediment were not different among any of the fixed-network sites.\r\n\r\nThe Little River near Cadiz site contributed larger estimated mean annual loads of nitrite plus nitrate (2,500,000 pounds per year (lb/yr)) and total phosphorus (160,000 lb/yr) than the other three fixed-network sites. Of the two main upstream tributaries from the Little River near Cadiz site, the North Fork Little River was the greatest contributor of total phosphorus to the study area with an estimated mean annual load of 107,000 lb/yr or about 64 percent of the total estimated mean annual load at the Little River near Cadiz site. The other main upstream tributary, South Fork Little River, had an estimated mean annual load of total phosphorus that was about 20 percent of the mean annual load at the Little River near Cadiz site. Estimated loads of suspended sediment were largest at the Little River near Cadiz site, where the estimated mean annual load for 2003-04 was about 84,000,000 lb/yr. The North Fork Little River contributed an estimated 36 percent of the mean annual load of suspended sediment at the Little River near Cadiz site, while the South Fork Little River contributed an estimated 18 percent of the mean annual load at the Little River near Cadiz site.\r\n\r\nThe North Fork Little River site had the largest estimated mean annual yield of total phosphorus (1,600 pounds per year per square mile (lb/yr/mi2)) and orthophosphate (1,100 lb/yr/mi2). A principal source of phosphorus for the North Fork Little River is discharge from wastewater-treatment facilities. The largest estimated mean annual yield of nitrite plus nitrate was observed at the South Fork Little River site. The North Fork Little River site had the largest estimated mean annual yield of suspended sediment (450,000 lb/yr/mi2).\r\n\r\nInputs of nitrogen and phosphorus to streams from point and nonpoint sources were estimated for the Little River Basin. Commercial fertilizer and livestock-waste applications on row crops are a principal source of nutrients for most of the Little River Basin. Sources of nutrients in the urban areas of the basin mainly are from effluent discharge from wastewater-treatment facilities and fertilizer applications to lawns and golf courses.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065204","collaboration":"Who is contact for reprints if IS runs out:\tBonnie Stich Fink, USGS Kentucky Water Science Center, 9818 Bluegrass Parkway, Louisville, KY 40299, 502-493-1946, bsfink@usgs.gov","usgsCitation":"Crain, A.S., 2006, Concentrations, and estimated loads and yields of nutrients and suspended sediment in the Little River basin, Kentucky, 2003-04: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5204, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065204.","productDescription":"31 p.","numberOfPages":"31","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8661,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5204/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a48ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crain, Angela S. 0000-0003-0969-6238 ascrain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0969-6238","contributorId":3090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crain","given":"Angela","email":"ascrain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79210,"text":"sir20065230 - 2006 - Instream flow characterization of Upper Salmon River basin streams, central Idaho, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-05T14:48:55","indexId":"sir20065230","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5230","title":"Instream flow characterization of Upper Salmon River basin streams, central Idaho, 2005","docAbstract":"<p>Anadromous fish populations in the Columbia River Basin have plummeted in the last 100 years. This severe decline led to Federal listing of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) stocks as endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in the 1990s. Historically, the upper Salmon River Basin (upstream of the confluence with the Pahsimeroi River) in Idaho provided migration corridors and significant habitat for these ESA-listed species, in addition to the ESA-listed bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). Human development has modified the original streamflow conditions in many streams in the upper Salmon River Basin. Summer streamflow modifications resulting from irrigation practices, have directly affected quantity and quality of fish habitat and also have affected migration and (or) access to suitable spawning and rearing habitat for these fish.</p>\n<br>\n<p>As a result of these ESA listings and Action 149 of the Federal Columbia River Power System Biological Opinion of 2000, the Bureau of Reclamation was tasked to conduct streamflow characterization studies in the upper Salmon River Basin to clearly define habitat requirements for effective species management and habitat restoration. These studies include collection of habitat and streamflow information for the Physical Habitat Simulation System (PHABSIM) model, a widely applied method to determine relations between habitat and discharge requirements for various fish species and life stages. Model simulation results can be used by resource managers to guide habitat restoration efforts by evaluating potential fish habitat and passage improvements by increasing or decreasing streamflow.</p>\n<br>\n<p>In 2005, instream flow characterization studies were completed on Big Boulder, Challis, Bear, Mill, and Morgan Creeks. Continuous streamflow data were recorded upstream of all diversions on Big Boulder. Instantaneous measurements of discharge were also made at selected sites. In addition, natural summer streamflows were estimated for each study site using regional regression equations.</p>\n<br>\n<p>This report describes PHABSIM modeling results for bull trout, Chinook salmon, and steelhead trout during summer streamflows. Habitat/discharge relations were summarized for adult and spawning life stages at each study site. In addition, streamflow needs for riffle dwelling invertebrate taxa (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) are presented. Adult fish passage and discharge relations were evaluated at specific transects that were identified as potential low-streamflow passage barriers at each study site.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Continuous summer water temperature data for selected study sites were summarized and compared with Idaho Water Quality Standards and various water temperature requirements of targeted fish species.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Results of these habitat studies can be used to prioritize and direct cost-effective actions to improve fish habitat for ESA-listed anadromous and native fish species in the basin. These actions may include acquiring water during critical low-flow periods by leasing or modifying irrigation delivery systems to minimize out-of-stream diversions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065230","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Maret, T.R., Hortness, J., and Ott, D.S., 2006, Instream flow characterization of Upper Salmon River basin streams, central Idaho, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5230, Report: vi, 110 p.; Appendices; Data files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065230.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 110 p.; Appendices; Data files","numberOfPages":"120","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20065230.PNG"},{"id":8663,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5230/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":286898,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5230/pdf/sir20065230.pdf"},{"id":286899,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5230/pdf/appendixes.zip"},{"id":286900,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5230/data/"}],"scale":"40000","projection":"Transverse Mercator Projection","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Salmon River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.0,44.0 ], [ -115.0,44.75 ], [ -114.0,44.75 ], [ -114.0,44.0 ], [ -115.0,44.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d76b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maret, Terry R. trmaret@usgs.gov","contributorId":953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maret","given":"Terry","email":"trmaret@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hortness, Jon 0000-0002-9809-2876 hortness@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-2876","contributorId":3601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hortness","given":"Jon","email":"hortness@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ott, Douglas S. dott@usgs.gov","contributorId":3552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ott","given":"Douglas","email":"dott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79212,"text":"sir20065218 - 2006 - Interferograms showing land subsidence and uplift in Las Vegas Valley, Nevada, 1992-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:55","indexId":"sir20065218","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5218","title":"Interferograms showing land subsidence and uplift in Las Vegas Valley, Nevada, 1992-99","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Nevada Department of Conservation and Natural Resources-Division of Water Resources and the Las Vegas Valley Water District, compiled 44 individual interferograms and 1 stacked interferogram comprising 29 satellite synthetic aperture radar acquisitions of Las Vegas Valley, Nevada, from 1992 to 1999. The interferograms, which depict short-term, seasonal, and long-term trends in land subsidence and uplift, are viewable with an interactive map. The interferograms show that land subsidence and uplift generally occur in localized areas, are responsive to ground-water pumpage and artificial recharge, and, in part, are fault controlled. Information from these interferograms can be used by water and land managers to mitigate land subsidence and associated damage.\r\n\r\nLand subsidence attributed to ground-water pumpage has been documented in Las Vegas Valley since the 1940s. Damage to roads, buildings, and other engineered structures has been associated with this land subsidence. Land uplift attributed to artificial recharge and reduced pumping has been documented since the 1990s. Measuring these land-surface changes with traditional benchmark and Global Positioning System surveys can be costly and time consuming, and results typically are spatially and temporally sparse. Interferograms are relatively inexpensive and provide temporal and spatial resolutions previously not achievable.\r\n\r\nThe interferograms are viewable with an interactive map. Landsat images from 1993 and 2000 are viewable for frames of reference to locate areas of interest and help determine land use. A stacked interferogram for 1992-99 is viewable to visualize the cumulative vertical displacement for the period represented by the individual interferograms. The interactive map enables users to identify and estimate the magnitude of vertical displacement, visually analyze deformation trends, and view interferograms and Landsat images side by side. The interferograms and Landsat images are available for download, in formats for use with Geographic Information System software.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065218","usgsCitation":"Pavelko, M.T., Hoffmann, J., and Damar, N.A., 2006, Interferograms showing land subsidence and uplift in Las Vegas Valley, Nevada, 1992-99: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5218, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065218.","productDescription":"25 p.","numberOfPages":"25","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1992-01-01","temporalEnd":"1999-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8665,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5218/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8666,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5218/Data/insar_metadata.xml"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d4a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pavelko, Michael T. 0000-0002-8323-3998 mpavelko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8323-3998","contributorId":2321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavelko","given":"Michael","email":"mpavelko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffmann, Jorn","contributorId":15693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"Jorn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Damar, Nancy A. 0000-0002-7520-7386 nadamar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7520-7386","contributorId":4154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damar","given":"Nancy","email":"nadamar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79213,"text":"wdrFL052B - 2006 - Water resources data, Florida, water year 2005Volume 2B: South Florida ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"wdrFL052B","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"FL-05-2B","title":"Water resources data, Florida, water year 2005Volume 2B: South Florida ground water","docAbstract":"Water resources data for 2005 water year in Florida consists of continuous or daily discharge for 429 streams, periodic discharge for 9 streams, continuous or daily stage for 218 streams, periodic stage for 5 stream, peak discharge for 28 streams, and peak stage for 28 streams, continuous or daily elevations for 15 lakes, periodic elevations for 23 lakes, continuous ground-water levels for 401 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 1,098 wells, quality of water data for 211 surface-water sites, and 208 wells.\r\n\r\nThe data for South Florida included continuous or daily discharge for 91 streams, continuous or daily stage for 62 streams, no peak stage discharge for streams, 1 continuous elevation for lake, continuous ground-water levels for 248 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 187 wells, water quality for 54 surface-water sites, and 121 wells.\r\n\r\nThese data represent the National Water Data System records collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies in Florida. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrFL052B","usgsCitation":"Prinos, S., Irvin, R., and Byrne, M., 2006, Water resources data, Florida, water year 2005Volume 2B: South Florida ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report FL-05-2B, 566 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrFL052B.","productDescription":"566 p.","numberOfPages":"566","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8667,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2005/wdr-fl-05-2b/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f124c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prinos, S.","contributorId":61089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prinos","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irvin, R.","contributorId":103731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvin","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byrne, M.","contributorId":50210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrne","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79214,"text":"sir20065232 - 2006 - Evaluation of well-purging effects on water-quality results for samples collected from the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer underlying the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:25","indexId":"sir20065232","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5232","title":"Evaluation of well-purging effects on water-quality results for samples collected from the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer underlying the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","docAbstract":"This report presents qualitative and quantitative comparisons of water-quality data from the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, to determine if the change from purging three wellbore volumes to one wellbore volume has a discernible effect on the comparability of the data. Historical water-quality data for 30 wells were visually compared to water-quality data collected after purging only 1 wellbore volume from the same wells. Of the 322 qualitatively examined constituent plots, 97.5 percent met 1 or more of the criteria established for determining data comparability. A simple statistical equation to determine if water-quality data collected from 28 wells at the INL with long purge times (after pumping 1 and 3 wellbore volumes of water) were statistically the same at the 95-percent confidence level indicated that 97.9 percent of 379 constituent pairs were equivalent.\r\n\r\nComparability of water-quality data determined from both the qualitative (97.5 percent comparable) and quantitative (97.9 percent comparable) evaluations after purging 1 and 3 wellbore volumes of water indicates that the change from purging 3 to 1 wellbore volumes had no discernible effect on comparability of water-quality data at the INL. However, the qualitative evaluation was limited because only October-November 2003 data were available for comparison to historical data. This report was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065232","collaboration":"DOE/ID-22200","usgsCitation":"Knobel, L.L., 2006, Evaluation of well-purging effects on water-quality results for samples collected from the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer underlying the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5232, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065232.","productDescription":"62 p.","numberOfPages":"62","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8668,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5232/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7393","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knobel, LeRoy L.","contributorId":76285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knobel","given":"LeRoy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79217,"text":"ofr20061207 - 2006 - Results of analyses of the fungicide Chlorothalonil, its degradation products, and other selected pesticides at 22 surface-water sites in five Southern states, 2003-04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T14:44:08.300704","indexId":"ofr20061207","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1207","title":"Results of analyses of the fungicide Chlorothalonil, its degradation products, and other selected pesticides at 22 surface-water sites in five Southern states, 2003-04","docAbstract":"<p>In accordance with the mission of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, a pesticide study was conducted during 2003–04 to determine the occurrence of the fungicide chlorothalonil and its degradation products at 22 surface-water sites in five Southern States. Water-quality samples were collected during the peanut-growing season (June–September) in 2003. During the peanut-growing season in 2004, samples were collected after large storms.</p><p>An analytical method was developed at the USGS Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory in Lawrence, Kansas, to measure chlorothalonil and its degradation products by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Chlorothalonil was detected in 4 of the 113 surface-water samples. The primary degradation product of chlorothalonil, 4-hydroxy-chlorothalonil, was detected in 26 of the 113 samples with concentrations ranging from 0.002 to 0.930 microgram per liter. The chlorothalonil degradation products, 1-amide-4-hydroxy-chorothalonil and 1,3-diamide-chlorothalonil, were detected in one water sample each at 0.020 and 0.161 microgram per liter, respectively.</p><p>The USGS Methods and Research Development Group, Lakewood, Colorado, developed a custom method for chlorothalonil using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in an effort to achieve a lower laboratory reporting level (LRL) than the USGS National Water-Quality Laboratory (NWQL) schedule 2060, which analyzes the compound chlorothalonil at a LRL of 0.035 µg/L. The group succeeded in achieving a lower GC/MS reporting level of 0.01 µg/L. Chlorothalonil was detected in 5 of 68 water samples analyzed using the custom GC/MS method, whereas chlorothalonil was detected in 2 of 21 water samples analyzed using NWQL schedule 2060.</p><p>In addition to analysis of chlorothalonil and its degradation products, samples were analyzed using the USGS NWQL schedules 2001 and 2060 for about 114 pesticides and their degradation products. Samples also were analyzed for dissolved organic carbon, suspended sediment, and percentage of silt- and clay-sized particles.</p><p>Overall, it was found that chlorothalonil was detected only infrequently and at relatively low concentrations. Chlorothalonil’s major degradation product, 4-hydroxy-chlorothalonil, was detected most frequently, occurred generally at higher concentrations in water samples than did the parent fungicide, and the data from this study reaffirmed that it is the dominant degradation product of chlorothalonil in the peanut-growing environment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061207","usgsCitation":"Scribner, E.A., Orlando, J., Battaglin, W.A., Sandstrom, M.W., Kuivila, K., and Meyer, M.T., 2006, Results of analyses of the fungicide Chlorothalonil, its degradation products, and other selected pesticides at 22 surface-water sites in five Southern states, 2003-04: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1207, vi, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061207.","productDescription":"vi, 59 p.","numberOfPages":"69","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":519,"text":"Organic Geochemistry Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8671,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1207/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102,27 ], [ -102,39 ], [ -81,39 ], [ -81,27 ], [ -102,27 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604778","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, Elisabeth A.","contributorId":80265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scribner","given":"Elisabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orlando, James L. 0000-0002-0099-7221","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-7221","contributorId":95954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orlando","given":"James L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn  0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":79219,"text":"ofr20061177 - 2006 - Benthic habitat and geologic mapping of the outer continental shelf of north-central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T11:39:40","indexId":"ofr20061177","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1177","title":"Benthic habitat and geologic mapping of the outer continental shelf of north-central California","docAbstract":"The Fanny Shoal area is located between North Farallon Island and Cordell Bank approximately 40 miles west of San Francisco, California. The area lies within the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary (GFNMS) which is located just a few miles from San Francisco. The waters within the GFNMS are part of a nationally significant marine ecosystem encompassing a diversity of highly productive marine habitats. Protection of the living and cultural resources at the sites are administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Golden Gate National Recreation Area (GGNRA) and NOAA, including the GFNMS, and Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS), collected side-scanning sonar, and underwater video data over three cruises in July of 2003, and April of 2004. The data are consolidated into a geographic information system (GIS) to produce benthic habitat and geologic maps that provide researchers and those involved in decision making with crucial, georeferenced geologic information that will aid in preserving the area's environment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061177","usgsCitation":"Anima, R.J., Chin, J., Conrad, J.E., and Golden, N., 2006, Benthic habitat and geologic mapping of the outer continental shelf of north-central California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1177, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061177.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":8674,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1177/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":190657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061177.PNG"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.5,32.5 ], [ -124.5,42 ], [ -117,42 ], [ -117,32.5 ], [ -124.5,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b54d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anima, Roberto J.","contributorId":32499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anima","given":"Roberto","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chin, John L.","contributorId":98291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chin","given":"John L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conrad, James E. 0000-0001-6655-694X jconrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-694X","contributorId":2316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"James","email":"jconrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Golden, Nadine E.","contributorId":58356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"Nadine E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":79220,"text":"ofr20061164 - 2006 - Audiomagnetotelluric data from Spring, Cave, and Coyote Spring Valleys, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:36","indexId":"ofr20061164","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1164","title":"Audiomagnetotelluric data from Spring, Cave, and Coyote Spring Valleys, Nevada","docAbstract":"Audiomagnetotelluric (AMT) data along four profiles in Spring, Cave, and Coyote Spring Valleys are presented here. The AMT method is used to estimate the electrical resistivity of the earth over depth ranges of a few meters to greater than one kilometer. This method is a valuable tool for revealing subsurface structure and stratigraphy within the Basin and Range of eastern Nevada, therefore helping to define the geohydrologic framework in this region. We collected AMT data using the Geometrics StrataGem EH4 system, a four-channel, natural and controlled- source tensor system recording in the range of 10 to 92,000 Hz. To augment the low signal in the natural field, an unpolarized transmitter comprised of two horizontal-magnetic dipoles was used from 1,000 to 70,000 Hz. Profiles were 1.4 - 12.6 km in length with station spacing of 100-400 m. Data were recorded with the electrical (E) field parallel to and perpendicular to the regional geologic strike direction. Station locations and sounding curves, showing apparent resistivity, phase data, and coherency data, are presented here.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061164","usgsCitation":"McPhee, D., Chuchel, B.A., and Pellerin, L., 2006, Audiomagnetotelluric data from Spring, Cave, and Coyote Spring Valleys, Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1164, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061164.","productDescription":"43 p.","numberOfPages":"43","costCenters":[{"id":314,"text":"Geophysics Unit of Menlo Park, CA (GUMP)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8675,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1164/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115,36 ], [ -115,39 ], [ -114,39 ], [ -114,36 ], [ -115,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db668118","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McPhee, Darcy 0000-0002-5177-3068 dmcphee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5177-3068","contributorId":2621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhee","given":"Darcy","email":"dmcphee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":412,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chuchel, Bruce A. chuchel@usgs.gov","contributorId":2415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chuchel","given":"Bruce","email":"chuchel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pellerin, Louise","contributorId":20824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Louise","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79226,"text":"ofr20061287 - 2006 - Sediment deposition and erosion in south San Francisco Bay, California from 1956 to 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T12:33:56","indexId":"ofr20061287","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1287","title":"Sediment deposition and erosion in south San Francisco Bay, California from 1956 to 2005","docAbstract":"<p>Sediment deposition and erosion in South San Francisco Bay from 1956 to 2005 was studied by comparing bathymetric surveys made in 1956, 1983, and 2005. From 1956 to 1983, the region was erosional. In contrast, from 1983 to 2005, the region was depositional. Analysis of subregions defined by depth, morphology and location revealed similarities in behavior during both the erosional and depositional periods. During the entire period of the study, there was net erosion in the shallows (&lt;1 m depth) on the eastern shore of the bay north of the Dumbarton Bridge and net deposition in the region south of Dumbarton Bridge. The rates, however, reflected the sediment regime of each time period. Erosional areas were less erosional during the period with net deposition and depositional zones were more depositional. The cause for the increase in deposition from 1983 to 2005 is unknown, but could be related to an increase in sediment supply from Central Bay. The patterns of deposition and erosion and the change in rates are consistent with an increase in sediment supply from the north, as would occur if the supply from Central Bay increased from 1956-1983 to 1983-2005. Additional research is needed to fully understand why South San Francisco Bay became depositional from 1983 to 2005 and to determine the implications of this change to the planned salt pond restoration in the region.</p>","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061287","usgsCitation":"Jaffe, B., and Foxgrover, A.C., 2006, Sediment deposition and erosion in south San Francisco Bay, California from 1956 to 2005 (Version 1.0, Revised and reprinted 2006): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1287, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061287.","productDescription":"24 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1956-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8682,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1287/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0, Revised and reprinted 2006","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc11c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce","contributorId":9219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foxgrover, Amy C. 0000-0003-0638-5776 afoxgrover@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0638-5776","contributorId":3261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foxgrover","given":"Amy","email":"afoxgrover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79227,"text":"ofr20051278 - 2006 - Hydrology, description of computer models, and evaluation of selected water-management alternatives in the San Bernardino area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:20","indexId":"ofr20051278","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1278","title":"Hydrology, description of computer models, and evaluation of selected water-management alternatives in the San Bernardino area, California","docAbstract":"The San Bernardino area of southern California has complex water-management issues. As an aid to local water managers, this report provides an integrated analysis of the surface-water and ground-water systems, documents ground-water flow and constrained optimization models, and provides seven examples using the models to better understand and manage water resources of the area. As an aid to investigators and water managers in other areas, this report provides an expanded description of constrained optimization techniques and how to use them to better understand the local hydrogeology and to evaluate inter-related water-management problems.\r\n\r\nIn this report, the hydrology of the San Bernardino area, defined as the Bunker Hill and Lytle Creek basins, is described and quantified for calendar years 1945-98. The major components of the surface-water system are identified, and a routing diagram of flow through these components is provided. Annual surface-water inflow and outflow for the area are tabulated using gaged measurements and estimated values derived from linear-regression equations. Average inflow for the 54-year period (1945-98) was 146,452 acre-feet per year; average outflow was 67,931 acre-feet per year. The probability of exceedance for annual surface-water inflow is calculated using a Log Pearson Type III analysis. Cumulative surface-water inflow and outflow and ground-water-level measurements indicate that the relation between the surface-water system and the ground-water system changed in about 1951, in about 1979, and again in about 1992. Higher ground-water levels prior to 1951 and between 1979 and 1992 induced ground-water discharge to Warm Creek. This discharge was quantified using streamflow measurements and can be estimated for other time periods using ground-water levels from a monitoring well (1S/4W-3Q1) and a logarithmic-regression equation. Annual wastewater discharge from the area is tabulated for the major sewage and power-plant facilities. \r\n\r\nMore...","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051278","collaboration":"released Oct 2006 as OFR pending release as PP 1734","usgsCitation":"Danskin, W.R., McPherson, K.R., and Woolfenden, L.R., 2006, Hydrology, description of computer models, and evaluation of selected water-management alternatives in the San Bernardino area, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1278, 194 p.; 2 plates, each 38 x 32 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051278.","productDescription":"194 p.; 2 plates, each 38 x 32 in.","numberOfPages":"194","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8683,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1278/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fab97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Danskin, Wesley R. 0000-0001-8672-5501 wdanskin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8672-5501","contributorId":1034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danskin","given":"Wesley","email":"wdanskin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McPherson, Kelly R. 0000-0002-2340-4142 krmcpher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2340-4142","contributorId":1376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"Kelly","email":"krmcpher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woolfenden, Linda R. 0000-0003-3500-4709 lrwoolfe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3500-4709","contributorId":1476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woolfenden","given":"Linda","email":"lrwoolfe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79228,"text":"ofr20061274 - 2006 - Land Area Changes in Coastal Louisiana After the 2005 Hurricanes: A Series of Three Maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-25T14:06:16","indexId":"ofr20061274","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1274","title":"Land Area Changes in Coastal Louisiana After the 2005 Hurricanes: A Series of Three Maps","docAbstract":"This report includes three posters with analyses of net land area changes in coastal Louisiana after the 2005 hurricanes (Katrina and Rita). The first poster presents a basic analysis of net changes from 2004 to 2005; the second presents net changes within marsh communities from 2004 to 2005; and the third presents net changes from 2004 to 2005 within the historical perspective of change in coastal Louisiana from 1956 to 2004. The purpose of this analysis was to provide preliminary information on land area changes shortly after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita and to serve as a regional baseline for monitoring wetland recovery following the 2005 hurricane season. Estimation of permanent losses cannot be made until several growing seasons have passed and the transitory impacts of the hurricanes are minimized, but this preliminary analysis indicates an approximate 217-mi2 (562.03-km2) decrease in land/increase in water across coastal Louisiana. These posters are presented in high-resolution PDF format that is not Section 508 compliant. For ease in accessibility, viewing, and printing, each poster is accompanied by PDF files that contain the corresponding methodology, tables, and figures.\n\nFunding for this project was provided by the Louisiana Coastal Area (LCA) Science & Technology Office.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061274","usgsCitation":"Barras, J., 2006, Land Area Changes in Coastal Louisiana After the 2005 Hurricanes: A Series of Three Maps (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1274, 3 Sheets (each 80 x 41 inches), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061274.","productDescription":"3 Sheets (each 80 x 41 inches)","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-08-20","temporalEnd":"2006-10-01","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8684,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1274/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":266490,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/cir13065B"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b26e4b07f02db6afbd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barras, John A. jbarras@usgs.gov","contributorId":2425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barras","given":"John A.","email":"jbarras@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79198,"text":"ofr20061044 - 2006 - Hydrogeologic framework of the shallow ground-water system in the Cox Hall Creek basin, Cape May County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:24","indexId":"ofr20061044","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1044","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the shallow ground-water system in the Cox Hall Creek basin, Cape May County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Cape May County is investigating the feasibility of restoring the lowermost reach of Cox Hall Creek to its former state as a tidal saltwater wetland; however, the potential for contamination of the shallow ground-water system, which provides water to hundreds of nearby privately owned domestic wells, with saltwater from the restored wetland is of particular concern. To evaluate the potential effectiveness and risks of restoring the saltwater wetlands, the County needs information about the hydrogeologic framework in the area, and about the potential vulnerability of the domestic wells to contamination.\r\n\r\nThe shallow ground-water system in the Cox Hall Creek area consists of unconsolidated Holocene and Pleistocene deposits. The Holly Beach water-bearing zone, the unconfined (water-table) aquifer, is about 35 feet thick and contains a 2- to 4-foot-thick clay lens about 10 feet below land surface; a lower, more discontinuous clay lens about 30 to 35 feet below land surface ranges up to 5 feet in thickness. A 75-foot-thick confining unit separates the Holly Beach water-bearing zone from the underlying estuarine sand aquifer. The clay lenses in the Holly Beach water-bearing zone likely retard the movement of contaminants from septic tanks, lawns, and other surficial sources, protecting wells that tap the lower, sandy part of the aquifer.\r\n\r\nThe clay lenses also may protect these wells from salty surface water if withdrawals from the Holly Beach water-bearing zone are not increased substantially. Deeper wells that tap the estuarine sand aquifer are more effectively protected from saltwater from surface sources because of the presence of the overlying confining unit.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061044","usgsCitation":"Lacombe, P., and Zapecza, O.S., 2006, Hydrogeologic framework of the shallow ground-water system in the Cox Hall Creek basin, Cape May County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1044, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061044.","productDescription":"14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8650,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1044/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.03388888888888,39.00111111111111 ], [ -74.03388888888888,39.966944444444444 ], [ -73.08444444444444,39.966944444444444 ], [ -73.08444444444444,39.00111111111111 ], [ -74.03388888888888,39.00111111111111 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627a3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lacombe, Pierre J. placombe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"Pierre J.","email":"placombe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zapecza, Otto S. ozapecza@usgs.gov","contributorId":3687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zapecza","given":"Otto","email":"ozapecza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79209,"text":"sir20065181 - 2006 - Simulation of daily pesticide concentrations from watershed characteristics and monthly climatic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-15T11:24:00","indexId":"sir20065181","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5181","title":"Simulation of daily pesticide concentrations from watershed characteristics and monthly climatic data","docAbstract":"A time-series model was developed to simulate daily pesticide concentrations for streams in the coterminous United States. The model was based on readily available information on pesticide use, climatic variability, and watershed charac-teristics and was used to simulate concentrations for four herbicides [atrazine, ethyldipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC), metolachlor, and trifluralin] and three insecticides (carbofuran, ethoprop, and fonofos) that represent a range of physical and chemical properties, application methods, national application amounts, and areas of use in the United States. The time-series model approximates the probability distributions, seasonal variability, and serial correlation characteristics in daily pesticide concentration data from a national network of monitoring stations.\r\n\r\nThe probability distribution of concentrations for a particular pesticide and station was estimated using the Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) model. The WARP model, which was developed in previous studies to estimate the probability distribution, was based on selected nationally available watershed-characteristics data, such as pesticide use and soil characteristics. Normality transformations were used to ensure that the annual percentiles for the simulated concentrations agree closely with the percentiles estimated from the WARP model.\r\n\r\nSeasonal variability in the transformed concentrations was maintained by relating the transformed concentration to precipitation and temperature data from the United States Historical Climatology Network. The monthly precipitation and temperature values were estimated for the centroids of each watershed. Highly significant relations existed between the transformed concentrations, concurrent monthly precipitation, and concurrent and lagged monthly temperature. The relations were consistent among the different pesticides and indicated the transformed concentrations generally increased as precipitation increased but the rate of increase depended on a temperature-dependent growing-season effect.\r\n\r\nResidual variability of the transformed concentrations, after removal of the effects of precipitation and temperature, was partitioned into a signal (systematic variability that is related from one day to the next) and noise (random variability that is not related from one day to the next). Variograms were used to evaluate measurement error, seasonal variability, and serial correlation of the historical data. The variogram analysis indicated substantial noise resulted, at least in part, from measurement errors (the differences between the actual concen-trations and the laboratory concentrations). The variogram analysis also indicated the presence of a strongly correlated signal, with an exponentially decaying serial correlation function and a correlation time scale (the time required for the correlation to decay to e-1 equals 0.37) that ranged from about 18 to 66 days, depending on the pesticide type.\r\n\r\nSimulated daily pesticide concentrations from the time-series model indicated the simulated concentrations for the stations located in the northeastern quadrant of the United States where most of the monitoring stations are located generally were in good agreement with the data. The model neither consistently overestimated or underestimated concentrations for streams that are located in this quadrant and the magnitude and timing of high or low concentrations generally coincided reasonably well with the data. However, further data collection and model development may be necessary to determine whether the model should be used for areas for which few historical data are available.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065181","usgsCitation":"Vecchia, A.V., and Crawford, C.G., 2006, Simulation of daily pesticide concentrations from watershed characteristics and monthly climatic data: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5181, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065181.","productDescription":"70 p.","numberOfPages":"70","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2006_5181.jpg"},{"id":8662,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5181/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,24 ], [ -125,48 ], [ -65,48 ], [ -65,24 ], [ -125,24 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a0e4b07f02db5bdf9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79225,"text":"ds216 - 2006 - Base-flow yields of watersheds in the Berkeley County area, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-05T17:32:29.87068","indexId":"ds216","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"216","title":"Base-flow yields of watersheds in the Berkeley County area, West Virginia","docAbstract":"Base-flow yields at approximately 50 percent of the annual mean ground-water recharge rate were estimated for watersheds in the Berkeley County area, W.Va. These base-flow yields were determined from two sets of discharge measurements made July 25-28, 2005, and May 4, 2006. Two sections of channel along Opequon Creek had net flow losses that are expressed as negative base-flow watershed yields; these and other base-flow watershed yields in the eastern half of the study area ranged from -940 to 2,280 gallons per day per acre ((gal/d)/acre) and averaged 395 (gal/d)/acre. The base-flow yields for watersheds in the western half of the study area ranged from 275 to 482 (gal/d)/acre and averaged 376 (gal/d)/acre.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds216","usgsCitation":"Evaldi, R.D., and Paybins, K.S., 2006, Base-flow yields of watersheds in the Berkeley County area, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 216, Report: 4 p.; 1 Figure: 22.00 x 34.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds216.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; 1 Figure: 22.00 x 34.00 inches","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191569,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8681,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/216/index.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","county":"Berkeley County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.25,39.166666666666664 ], [ -78.25,39.666666666666664 ], [ -77.75,39.666666666666664 ], [ -77.75,39.166666666666664 ], [ -78.25,39.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db64884c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evaldi, Ronald D.","contributorId":103329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evaldi","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paybins, Katherine S. 0000-0002-3967-5043 kpaybins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3967-5043","contributorId":2805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paybins","given":"Katherine","email":"kpaybins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79221,"text":"ds185 - 2006 - Thematic mapper-derived mineral distribution maps of Idaho, Nevada, and western Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:43","indexId":"ds185","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"185","title":"Thematic mapper-derived mineral distribution maps of Idaho, Nevada, and western Montana","docAbstract":"This report provides mineral distribution maps based on TM spectral information of minerals commonly associated with hydrothermal alteration in Nevada, Idaho, and western Montana. The product of the processing is provided as four ESRI GRID files with 30 m resolution by state. UTM Zone 11 projection is used for Nevada (grid clsnv) and western Idaho (grid clsid), UTM Zone 12 is used for eastern Idaho and western Montana (grid clsid_mt). A fourth grid with a special Albers projection is used for the Headwaters project covering Idaho and western Montana (grid crccls_hs). Symbolization for all four grids is stored in the ESRI layer or LYR files and color or CLR files. Objectives of the analyses were to cover a large area very quickly and to provide data that could be used at a scale of 1:100,000 or smaller. Thus, the image processing was standardized for speed while still achieving the desired 1:100,000-scale level of detail. Consequently, some subtle features of mineralogy may be missed.\r\n\r\nThe hydrothermal alteration data were not field checked to separate mineral occurrences due to hydrothermal alteration from those due to other natural occurrences. The data were evaluated by overlaying the results with 1:100,000 scale topographic maps to confirm correlation with known mineralized areas. The data were also tested in the Battle Mountain area of north-central Nevada by a weights-of-evidence correlation analysis with metallic mineral sites from the USGS Mineral Resources Data System and were found to have significant spatial correlation. On the basis of on these analyses, the data are considered useful for regional studies at scales of 1:100,000. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ds185","usgsCitation":"Raines, G.L., 2006, Thematic mapper-derived mineral distribution maps of Idaho, Nevada, and western Montana (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 185, 14 p. pamphlet; online spatial data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds185.","productDescription":"14 p. pamphlet; online spatial data","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8676,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/185/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8677,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/185/version_history.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122,33 ], [ -122,50 ], [ -104,50 ], [ -104,33 ], [ -122,33 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fadab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raines, Gary L.","contributorId":48162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79211,"text":"sir20065236 - 2006 - An update of the distribution of selected radiochemical and chemical constituents in perched ground water, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, Emphasis 1999-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:24","indexId":"sir20065236","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5236","title":"An update of the distribution of selected radiochemical and chemical constituents in perched ground water, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, Emphasis 1999-2001","docAbstract":"Radiochemical and chemical wastes generated at facilities at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) were discharged since 1952 to infiltration ponds at the Reactor Technology Complex (RTC) (known as the Test Reactor Area [TRA] until 2005), and the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC) and buried at the Radioactive Waste Management Complex (RWMC). Disposal of wastewater to infiltration ponds and infiltration of surface water at waste burial sites resulted in formation of perched ground water in basalts and in sedimentary interbeds above the Snake River Plain aquifer. Perched ground water is an integral part of the pathway for waste-constituent migration to the aquifer.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, maintains ground-water monitoring networks at the INL to determine hydrologic trends, and to monitor the movement of radiochemical and chemical constituents in wastewater discharged from facilities to both perched ground water and the aquifer. This report presents an analysis of water-quality and water-level data collected from wells completed in perched ground water at the INL during 1999-2001, and summarizes historical disposal data and water-level-and water-quality trends.\r\n\r\nAt the RTC, tritium, strontium-90, cesium-137, dissolved chromium, chloride, sodium, and sulfate were monitored in shallow and deep perched ground water. In shallow perched ground water, no tritium was detected above the reporting level. In deep perched ground water, tritium concentrations generally decreased or varied randomly during 1999-2001. During October 2001, tritium concentrations ranged from less than the reporting level to 39.4?1.4 picocuries per milliliter (pCi/mL). Reportable concentrations of tritium during July-October 2001 were smaller than the reported concentrations measured during July-December 1998. Tritium concentrations in water from wells at the RTC were likely affected by: well's distance from the radioactive-waste infiltration ponds (commonly referred to as the warm-waste ponds); water depth below the ponds; the amount of tritium discharged to radioactive-waste infiltration ponds in the past; discontinued use of radioactive-waste infiltration ponds; radioactive decay; and dilution from disposal of nonradioactive water.\r\n\r\nDuring 1999-2001, the strontium-90 concentrations in two wells completed in shallow perched water near the RTC exceeded the reporting level. Strontium-90 concentrations in water from wells completed in deep perched ground water at the RTC varied randomly with time. During October 2001, concentrations in water from five wells exceeded the reporting level and ranged from 2.8?0.7 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) in well USGS 63 to 83.8?2.1 pCi/L in well USGS 54. No reportable concentrations of cesium-137, chromium-51, or cobalt-60 were present in water samples from any of the shallow or deep wells at the RTC during 1999-2001.\r\n\r\nDissolved chromium was not detected in shallow perched ground water at the RTC during 1999-2001. Concentrations of dissolved chromium during July-October 2001 in deep perched ground water near the RTC ranged from 10 micrograms per liter (?g/L) in well USGS 61 to 82 ?g/L in well USGS 55. The largest concentrations were in water from wells north and west of the radioactive-waste infiltration ponds. During July-October 2001, dissolved sodium concentrations ranged from 7 milligrams per liter (mg/L) in well USGS 78 to 20 mg/L in all wells except well USGS 68 (413 mg/L). Dissolved chloride concentrations in shallow perched ground water ranged from 10 mg/L in wells CWP 1, 3, and 4 to 53 mg/L in well TRA A 13 during 1999-2001. Dissolved chloride concentrations in deep perched ground water ranged from 5 mg/L in well USGS 78 to 91 mg/L in well USGS 73. The maximum dissolved sulfate concentration in shallow perched ground water was 419 mg/L in well CWP 1 during July 2000. Concentrations of dissolved sulfate in water from wells USGS 54, 60","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065236","usgsCitation":"Davis, L.C., 2006, An update of the distribution of selected radiochemical and chemical constituents in perched ground water, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, Emphasis 1999-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5236, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065236.","productDescription":"58 p.","numberOfPages":"58","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","temporalEnd":"2001-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8664,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5236/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a858d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Linda C. lcdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":2539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Linda","email":"lcdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79218,"text":"sir20065248 - 2006 - Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for the Emmons Lake volcanic center, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-07T21:00:34.320534","indexId":"sir20065248","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5248","title":"Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for the Emmons Lake volcanic center, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The Emmons Lake volcanic center is a large stratovolcano complex on the Alaska Peninsula near Cold Bay, Alaska. The volcanic center includes several ice- and snow-clad volcanoes within a nested caldera structure that hosts Emmons Lake and truncates a shield-like ancestral Mount Emmons edifice. From northeast to southwest, the main stratovolcanoes of the center are: Pavlof Sister, Pavlof, Little Pavlof, Double Crater, Mount Hague, and Mount Emmons. Several small cinder cones and vents are located on the floor of the caldera and on the south flank of Pavlof Volcano. Pavlof Volcano, in the northeastern part of the center, is the most historically active volcano in Alaska (Miller and others, 1998) and eruptions of Pavlof pose the greatest hazards to the region. </p><p>Historical eruptions of Pavlof Volcano have been small to moderate Strombolian eruptions that produced moderate amounts of near vent lapilli tephra fallout, and diffuse ash plumes that drifted several hundreds of kilometers from the vent. Cold Bay, King Cove, Nelson Lagoon, and Sand Point have reported ash fallout from Pavlof eruptions. Drifting clouds of volcanic ash produced by eruptions of Pavlof would be a major hazard to local aircraft and could interfere with trans-Pacific air travel if the ash plume achieved flight levels. During most historical eruptions of Pavlof, pyroclastic material erupted from the volcano has interacted with the snow and ice on the volcano producing volcanic mudflows or lahars. Lahars have inundated most of the drainages heading on the volcano and filled stream valleys with variable amounts of coarse sand, gravel, and boulders. The lahars are often hot and would alter or destroy stream habitat for many years following the eruption. </p><p>Other stratocones and vents within the Emmons Lake volcanic center are not known to have erupted in the past 300 years. However, young appearing deposits and lava flows suggest there may have been small explosions and minor effusive eruptive activity within the caldera during this time interval. Mount Hague may have experienced minor steam eruptions. The greatest hazards in order of importance are described below and summarized on plate 1. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065248","usgsCitation":"Waythomas, C., Miller, T.P., and Mangan, M.T., 2006, Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for the Emmons Lake volcanic center, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5248, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065248.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20065248.PNG"},{"id":8672,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5248/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":395568,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_77827.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Emmons Lake volcanic center","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -162.586669921875,\n              55.20081842243303\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.5924072265625,\n              55.20081842243303\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.5924072265625,\n              55.68377855290114\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.586669921875,\n              55.68377855290114\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.586669921875,\n              55.20081842243303\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db6569c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waythomas, Christopher","contributorId":37839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Thomas P. tmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":4183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Thomas","email":"tmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mangan, Margaret T. 0000-0002-5273-8053 mmangan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5273-8053","contributorId":3343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"Margaret","email":"mmangan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79199,"text":"sir20065207 - 2006 - Evaluation of baseline ground-water conditions in the Mosteiros, Ribeira Paul, and Ribeira Fajã Basins, Republic of Cape Verde, West Africa, 2005-06","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T19:56:39","indexId":"sir20065207","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5207","title":"Evaluation of baseline ground-water conditions in the Mosteiros, Ribeira Paul, and Ribeira Fajã Basins, Republic of Cape Verde, West Africa, 2005-06","docAbstract":"<p>This report documents current (2005-06) baseline ground-water conditions in three basins within the West African Republic of Cape Verde (Mosteiros on Fogo, Ribeira Paul on Santo Antão, and Ribeira Fajã on São Nicolau) based on existing data and additional data collected during this study. Ground-water conditions (indicators) include ground-water levels, ground-water recharge altitude, ground-water discharge amounts, ground-water age (residence time), and ground-water quality. These indicators are needed to evaluate (1) long-term changes in ground-water resources or water quality caused by planned ground-water development associated with agricultural projects in these basins, and (2) the feasibility of artificial recharge as a mitigation strategy to offset the potentially declining water levels associated with increased ground-water development.</p><p>Ground-water levels in all three basins vary from less than a few meters to more than 170 meters below land surface. Continuous recorder and electric tape measurements at three monitoring wells (one per basin) showed variations between August 2005 and June 2006 of as much as 1.8 meters. Few historical water-level data were available for the Mosteiros or Ribeira Paul Basins. Historical records from Ribeira Fajã indicate very large ground-water declines during the 1980s and early 1990s, associated with dewatering of the Galleria Fajã tunnel. More-recent data indicate that ground-water levels in Ribeira Fajã have reached a new equilibrium, remaining fairly constant since the late 1990s.</p><p>Because of the scarcity of observation wells within each basin, water-level data were combined with other techniques to evaluate ground-water conditions. These techniques include the quantification of ground-water discharge (well withdrawals, spring discharge, seepage to springs, and gallery drainage), field water-quality measurements, and the use of environmental tracers to evaluate sources of aquifer recharge, flow paths, and ground-water residence times.</p><p>In the Mosteiros Basin, measured well and spring discharge is about 220,000 cubic meters per year. For the Ribeira Paul Basin, measured well discharge, spring discharge, and ground-water seepage to springs is about 1,600,000 cubic meters per year. Ribeira Fajã Basin is the driest of the three basins with a precipitation rate of about half that of the other two basins. The only measurable ground-water discharge from this basin is from Galleria Fajã, estimated to be about 150,000 cubic meters per year. Measured discharge for all three basins does not include submarine outflow or agricultural/phreatophyte consumptive use (Paul Basin, only) and is assumed to be less than total ground-water discharge.</p><p>Ground-water ages indicate that recharge to wells and springs occurred from more than 50 years ago at some locations to within the past decade at other sites. Ground water in Paul is younger than that in the other two basins, indicating that recharge generally occurred within the past 50 years. Ground water at all the dateable sites using tritium/helium in both the Mosteiros and Ribeira Fajã Basins show that recharge occurred more than 50 years before the sampling dates. Ground-water tritium/helium age dating was not possible at some sites in Mosteiros and Ribeira Fajã Basins because of the presence of helium in the aquifer derived from the mantle or aquifer matrix. However, this helium was useful for accurate age dating of the unaffected ground-water sites.</p><p>Dissolved gases indicate that most ground-water recharge occurs at mid and high altitudes within all three basins; calculated recharge altitudes ranged from 700 to more than 2,000 meters. In the Mosteiros and Ribeira Fajã Basins, recharge altitudes are much higher than the wells and springs. This suggests that it may take many years for artificial recharge to result in a beneficial impact on the aquifer in areas where the agricultural projects are implemented. Recharge altitudes in Paul Basin also were generally higher than their respective ground-water discharge sampling sites except for one spring, Seladinha. This spring, in combination with generally younger ground-water ages in Paul, indicates the existence of some short flow paths where artificial recharge may possibly enhance available water resources within a few years.</p><p>The salinity of wells and springs is generally low in the Ribeira Paul and Ribeira Fajã Basins, but somewhat higher in Mosteiros Basin. Specific-conductance measurements of wells and springs in Ribeira Paul and Ribeira Fajã ranged from about 200 to 700 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Although the Monte Vermelho spring in Mosteiros Basin also has very low salinity (200 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius), water from the wells along the coastal plain has specific-conductance measurements of as much as 16,000 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. These higher values indicate some brackish water intrusion. Additional ground-water development of the Mosteiros coastal plain may exacerbate this situation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065207","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Millenium Challenge Corporation, Millenium Challenge Account, and Instituto Nacional de Gestão dos Recursos Hídricos","usgsCitation":"Heilweil, V.M., Earle, J.D., Cederberg, J.R., Messer, M.M., Jorgensen, B.E., Verstraeten, I.M., Moura, M.A., Querido, A., , S., and Osorio, T., 2006, Evaluation of baseline ground-water conditions in the Mosteiros, Ribeira Paul, and Ribeira Fajã Basins, Republic of Cape Verde, West Africa, 2005-06: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5207, viii, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065207.","productDescription":"viii, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"53","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334775,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5207/PDF/SIR2006_5207.pdf"},{"id":8651,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5207/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Cape Verde","otherGeospatial":"Mosteiros basin, Ribeira Fajã basin, Ribeira Paul basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -26.323242187499996,\n              14.061988097202269\n            ],\n            [\n              -26.323242187499996,\n              17.936928637549443\n            ],\n            [\n              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D.","contributorId":34537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earle","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cederberg, Jay R. 0000-0001-6649-7353 cederber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6649-7353","contributorId":964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cederberg","given":"Jay","email":"cederber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Messer, Mickey M.","contributorId":8956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Messer","given":"Mickey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jorgensen, Brent 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,{"id":79203,"text":"ofr20061303 - 2006 - Preliminary integrated geologic map databases for the United States: Digital data for the reconnaissance bedrock geologic map for the northern Alaska peninsula area, southwest Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-23T19:40:28.44416","indexId":"ofr20061303","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1303","title":"Preliminary integrated geologic map databases for the United States: Digital data for the reconnaissance bedrock geologic map for the northern Alaska peninsula area, southwest Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>he growth in the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has highlighted the need for digital geologic maps that have been attributed with information about age and lithology. Such maps can be conveniently used to generate derivative maps for manifold special purposes such as mineral-resource assessment, metallogenic studies, tectonic studies, and environmental research. This report is part of a series of integrated geologic map databases that cover the entire United States. Three national-scale geologic maps that portray most or all of the United States already exist; for the conterminous U.S., King and Beikman (1974a,b) compiled a map at a scale of 1:2,500,000, Beikman (1980) compiled a map for Alaska at 1:2,500,000 scale, and for the entire U.S., Reed and others (2005a,b) compiled a map at a scale of 1:5,000,000. A digital version of the King and Beikman map was published by Schruben and others (1994). Reed and Bush (2004) produced a digital version of the Reed and others (2005a) map for the conterminous U.S. The present series of maps is intended to provide the next step in increased detail. State geologic maps that range in scale from 1:100,000 to 1:1,000,000 are available for most of the country, and digital versions of these state maps are the basis of this product. The digital geologic maps presented here are in a standardized format as ARC/INFO export files and as ArcView shape files. Data tables that relate the map units to detailed lithologic and age information accompany these GIS files. The map is delivered as a set 1:250,000-scale quadrangle files. To the best of our ability, these quadrangle files are edge-matched with respect to geology. When the maps are merged, the combined attribute tables can be used directly with the merged maps to make derivative maps.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061303","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, Preliminary integrated geologic map databases for the United States: Digital data for the reconnaissance bedrock geologic map for the northern Alaska peninsula area, southwest Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1303, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061303.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398760,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_77847.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8656,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1303/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"350000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"northern Alaska Peninsula area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -159,\n              59\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.3333,\n              59\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.3333,\n              61\n            ],\n            [\n              -159,\n              61\n            ],\n            [\n              -159,\n              59\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db69720c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70176134,"text":"70176134 - 2006 - Tephra deposits for the past 2600 years from Irazú Volcano, Costa Rica: Chapter 12 in <i>Volcanic hazards in Central America</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T11:08:36","indexId":"70176134","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-06T07:45:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"title":"Tephra deposits for the past 2600 years from Irazú Volcano, Costa Rica: Chapter 12 in <i>Volcanic hazards in Central America</i>","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Volcanic hazards in Central America: Geological Society of America Special Paper 412","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","isbn":"0813724120","usgsCitation":"Clark, S., Reagan, M.K., and Trimble, D., 2006, Tephra deposits for the past 2600 years from Irazú Volcano, Costa Rica: Chapter 12 in <i>Volcanic hazards in Central America</i>, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"234","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328003,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328002,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://rock.geosociety.org/Store/detail.aspx?id=SPE412"}],"country":"Costa Rica","otherGeospatial":"Irazú Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.85744094848631,\n              9.952112285122539\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.85744094848631,\n              10.001986571025787\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.82070541381836,\n              10.001986571025787\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.82070541381836,\n              9.952112285122539\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.85744094848631,\n              9.952112285122539\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c55cc3e4b0f2f0cebcf318","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rose, William I.","contributorId":174117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rose","given":"William I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647411,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bluth, Gregg J.S.","contributorId":174118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bluth","given":"Gregg","email":"","middleInitial":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647412,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carr, Michael J.","contributorId":45924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647413,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ewert, John W. 0000-0003-2819-4057 jwewert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2819-4057","contributorId":642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewert","given":"John","email":"jwewert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647414,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Patino, Lina C.","contributorId":174119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patino","given":"Lina","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647415,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vallance, James W. 0000-0002-3083-5469 jvallance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5469","contributorId":547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"James","email":"jvallance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647416,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6}],"authors":[{"text":"Clark, S.K.","contributorId":174116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reagan, M. K.","contributorId":15355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reagan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trimble, D.A.","contributorId":9664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trimble","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70179218,"text":"70179218 - 2006 - Volcanic hazards in Central America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-21T22:13:38","indexId":"70179218","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Volcanic hazards in Central America","docAbstract":"<div id=\"ctl00_store_ucDetail_divProductOtherDescription\" class=\"OtherDescription\"><span id=\"ctl00_store_ucDetail_lblProductOtherDescription\">This volume is a sampling of current scientific work about volcanoes in Central America with specific application to hazards. The papers reflect a variety of international and interdisciplinary collaborations and employ new methods. The book will be of interest to a broad cross section of scientists, especially volcanologists. The volume also will interest students who aspire to work in the field of volcano hazards mitigation or who may want to work in one of Earth’s most volcanically active areas.</span></div>","largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Special Paper 412","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","usgsCitation":"2006, Volcanic hazards in Central America, 276 p.","productDescription":"276 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332454,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332453,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://rock.geosociety.org/Store/detail.aspx?id=SPE412"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585ba2ede4b01224f329b974","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rose, William I.","contributorId":174117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rose","given":"William I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656425,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bluth, Gregg J.S.","contributorId":174118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bluth","given":"Gregg","email":"","middleInitial":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656426,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carr, Michael J.","contributorId":45924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656427,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ewert, John W. 0000-0003-2819-4057 jwewert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2819-4057","contributorId":642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewert","given":"John","email":"jwewert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656428,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Patino, Lina C.","contributorId":174119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patino","given":"Lina","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656429,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vallance, James W. 0000-0002-3083-5469 jvallance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5469","contributorId":547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"James","email":"jvallance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656430,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":79195,"text":"tm4C1 - 2006 - User's manual for the Graphical Constituent Loading Analysis System (GCLAS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:21","indexId":"tm4C1","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"4-C1","title":"User's manual for the Graphical Constituent Loading Analysis System (GCLAS)","docAbstract":"This manual describes the Graphical Constituent Loading Analysis System (GCLAS), an interactive cross-platform program for computing the mass (load) and average concentration of a constituent that is transported in stream water over a period of time. GCLAS computes loads as a function of an equal-interval streamflow time series and an equal- or unequal-interval time series of constituent concentrations. The constituent-concentration time series may be composed of measured concentrations or a combination of measured and estimated concentrations. GCLAS is not intended for use in situations where concentration data (or an appropriate surrogate) are collected infrequently or where an appreciable amount of the concentration values are censored.\r\n\r\nIt is assumed that the constituent-concentration time series used by GCLAS adequately represents the true time-varying concentration. Commonly, measured constituent concentrations are collected at a frequency that is less than ideal (from a load-computation standpoint), so estimated concentrations must be inserted in the time series to better approximate the expected chemograph. GCLAS provides tools to facilitate estimation and entry of instantaneous concentrations for that purpose.\r\n\r\nWater-quality samples collected for load computation frequently are collected in a single vertical or at single point in a stream cross section. Several factors, some of which may vary as a function of time and (or) streamflow, can affect whether the sample concentrations are representative of the mean concentration in the cross section. GCLAS provides tools to aid the analyst in assessing whether concentrations in samples collected in a single vertical or at single point in a stream cross section exhibit systematic bias with respect to the mean concentrations. In cases where bias is evident, the analyst can construct coefficient relations in GCLAS to reduce or eliminate the observed bias.\r\n\r\nGCLAS can export load and concentration data in formats suitable for entry into the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Information System. GCLAS can also import and export data in formats that are compatible with various commonly used spreadsheet and statistics programs. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/tm4C1","usgsCitation":"Koltun, G., Eberle, M., Gray, J.R., and Glysson, G., 2006, User's manual for the Graphical Constituent Loading Analysis System (GCLAS): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 4-C1, vi, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm4C1.","productDescription":"vi, 51 p.","numberOfPages":"57","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":8647,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2006/tm4C1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm4C1.GIF"},{"id":8648,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2006/tm4C1/pdf/tm4C1.pdf","size":"918","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4791e4b07f02db48b355","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koltun, G. F. 0000-0003-0255-2960","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-2960","contributorId":49817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koltun","given":"G. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eberle, Michael","contributorId":39770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberle","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, J. R.","contributorId":63372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glysson, G.D.","contributorId":16430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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