{"pageNumber":"2401","pageRowStart":"60000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68827,"records":[{"id":70156514,"text":"70156514 - 1974 - Buddingtonite, ammonium feldspar, in the Phosphoria Formation, southeastern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-24T10:55:42","indexId":"70156514","displayToPublicDate":"1974-12-31T17:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Buddingtonite, ammonium feldspar, in the Phosphoria Formation, southeastern Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>Buddingtonite is distributed widely in the rocks of the Meade Peak Member of the Phosphoria Formation in southeastern Idaho and occurs in amounts up to about 50 percent. Most of the buddingtonite is in the middle mudstone interval of the member between two phosphate-rich intervals. The composition of the buddingtonite, in terms of a buddingtonite K-feldspar series, shows an apparent range of Bd<sub>82</sub>KF<sub>18</sub> to Bd<sub>13</sub>KF<sub>87</sub>, and compositions of Bd<sub>72</sub>KF<sub>28</sub> to Bd<sub>50</sub>KF<sub>50</sub> may be the most common. The predominant silicate mineral suite consists of buddingtonite-albite-illite. Albite is present in amounts up to about 20 percent. Buddingtonite may have developed directly from volcanic glass in the presence of abundant ammonium, derived from the decomposition of organic matter, in interstitial waters, or it may have formed at some later diagenetic stage from other products of volcanic glass alteration, such as montmorillonite or zeolites.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Gulbrandsen, R.A., 1974, Buddingtonite, ammonium feldspar, in the Phosphoria Formation, southeastern Idaho: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 6, p. 693-696.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"693","endPage":"696","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307213,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307211,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue6/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.19 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Meade Peak","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.5,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.5,\n              43.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -111,\n              43.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -111,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.5,\n              42\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dc402ce4b0518e354d10e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gulbrandsen, R. A.","contributorId":48543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gulbrandsen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70156515,"text":"70156515 - 1974 - Spectrophotometric determination of vanadium in rutile and in mafic igneous rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-24T11:16:50","indexId":"70156515","displayToPublicDate":"1974-12-31T17:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectrophotometric determination of vanadium in rutile and in mafic igneous rocks","docAbstract":"<p>Minor and major levels of vanadium in rutile are separated from titanium and iron by sample fusion with sodium carbonate followed by water leach and filtration. The filtrate is then acidified with hydrochloric acid. Silicates are decomposed with a mixture of hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acids, and iron is separated by extraction of its chloride with diethyl ether. Sample vanadium in hydrochloric acid is then quantitatively reduced to vanadium(IV) with sulfurous acid. The remaining sulfur dioxide is expelled by heating. Vanadium (IV) then is reacted with excess of iron(III) at reduced acidity (pH 5) in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline to yield the orange-red iron(II) 1,10-phenanthroline complex. Iron(II) generated by vanadium(IV) is a measure of total vanadium in the sample. The proposed method is free from elemental interferences because the color development cannot take place without the two redox reactions described above, and these are, under the outlined experimental conditions, quantitative only for vanadium.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Marinenko, J., and Mei, L., 1974, Spectrophotometric determination of vanadium in rutile and in mafic igneous rocks: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 6, p. 701-703.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"701","endPage":"703","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307221,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307220,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue6/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.19 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"volume":"2","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dc4032e4b0518e354d1128","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marinenko, John","contributorId":102861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marinenko","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mei, Leung","contributorId":40204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mei","given":"Leung","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70206972,"text":"70206972 - 1974 - Chemical weathering of serpentinite in the eastern Piedmont of Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-02T12:05:53","indexId":"70206972","displayToPublicDate":"1974-12-31T12:02:31","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical weathering of serpentinite in the eastern Piedmont of Maryland","docAbstract":"<p><span>Weathering processes in a small watershed (Soldiers Delight) underlain by Serpentinite in the Piedmont of Maryland were studied by means of a mass balance technique and were compared with the processes operative in a watershed uncertain by schist. The two terranes are downwasting at a rate of 2.4 m per m.y., but chemical weathering much more strongly affects the Serpentinite (2.2 m per m.y.) than the schist (1.2 m per m.y.). The serpentinite lacks a saprolite cover because resistate minerals are absent and alumina in the bedrock is scarce. In contrast, the schist contains both quartz and a source of alumina in the alumino-silicate minerals and, as a result, has a thick saprolite mantle. Relatively small amounts of secondary quartz, chalcedony, and 14Å clay minerals are synthesized in the serpentinite watershed, but relatively large amounts of gibbsite and clay minerals (kaolinite and vermiculite) are formed during the weathering of the schist. The hydrologic consequences in the serpentinite terrane compared with the schist watershed are increased flood-flow discharge, greater fluctuation in seasonal, instantaneous base-flow discharge, and pronounced seasonal fluctuations in total discharge. The serpentinite stream water averaged 205 ppm of total dissolved solids in the base flow compared to 25 ppm in the schist. Stream water from the serpentinite is of the magnesium bicarbonate type; that from the schist is sodium-calcium bicarbonate type. On the serpentinite, substantial land-surface reduction (denudation) is effected by chemical weathering; mechanical weathering is secondary. On the schist terrane, mechanical weathering is the primary agent that lowers the land surface, even though chemical weathering has reduced the rock mass ay almost one-half. © 1974 Geological Society of America.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85<437:CWOSIT>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Cleaves, E., Fisher, D.W., and Bricker, O., 1974, Chemical weathering of serpentinite in the eastern Piedmont of Maryland: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 85, no. 3, p. 437-444, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85<437:CWOSIT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"437","endPage":"444","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369804,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cleaves, E.T.","contributorId":41148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleaves","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, D. W.","contributorId":127082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bricker, O.P.","contributorId":33717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bricker","given":"O.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70206969,"text":"70206969 - 1974 - Oxidation effect on the analysis of iron in the interstitial water of recent anoxic sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-03T08:06:35","indexId":"70206969","displayToPublicDate":"1974-12-31T11:28:33","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxidation effect on the analysis of iron in the interstitial water of recent anoxic sediments","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recent studies on the changes in composition of interstitial water during its separation from sediments</span><sup>1-3</sup><span>&nbsp;prompted us to evaluate the effect of squeezing on the concentration of ferrous iron within the interstitial water. Sediment samples were taken in northern Chesapeake Bay (38°56′ N and 76°25′ W) with a Benthos gravity corer. Layers of sediment were immediately extruded from the plastic coring tube and loaded into nylon squeezer barrels. The interstitial water was squeezed from the sediment through a 0.22 μm Millipore filter by the pressure of nitrogen acting against a rubber diaphragm</span><sup>4</sup><span>. The water drained directly into a calibrated test tube containing a solution of o-phenanthroline, buffered at pH 3.6, and the iron content was determined colorimetrically</span><sup>5</sup><span>. © 1974 Nature Publishing Group.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/249237a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Troup, B., Bricker, O., and Bray, J., 1974, Oxidation effect on the analysis of iron in the interstitial water of recent anoxic sediments: Nature, v. 249, no. 5454, p. 237-239, https://doi.org/10.1038/249237a0.","productDescription":"3 p. ","startPage":"237","endPage":"239","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369800,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.78369140625,\n              39.487084981687495\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.78369140625,\n              39.639537564366684\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.992431640625,\n              39.69873414348139\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.32202148437499,\n              39.614152077002664\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.728515625,\n              39.39375459224348\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.92626953125,\n              38.87392853923629\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.01416015625,\n              38.151837403006766\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.607666015625,\n              37.61423141542417\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.56372070312499,\n              37.046408899699564\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.87158203125,\n              37.21283151445594\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.552978515625,\n              37.735969208590504\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.82763671875,\n              38.22091976683121\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.09130859375,\n              38.7283759182398\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.78369140625,\n              39.487084981687495\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"249","issue":"5454","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troup, B.N.","contributorId":220976,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troup","given":"B.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bricker, O.P.","contributorId":33717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bricker","given":"O.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bray, J.T.","contributorId":220977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bray","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70207491,"text":"70207491 - 1974 - Composition and origin of interstitial waters of marine sediments, based on deep sea drill cores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-20T10:24:35","indexId":"70207491","displayToPublicDate":"1974-12-31T10:21:24","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Composition and origin of interstitial waters of marine sediments, based on deep sea drill cores","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sea, Vol. 5; Marine chemistry; the sedimentary cycle","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Manheim, F.T., and Sayles, F., 1974, Composition and origin of interstitial waters of marine sediments, based on deep sea drill cores, chap. <i>of</i> Sea, Vol. 5; Marine chemistry; the sedimentary cycle, v. 5, p. 527-568.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"527","endPage":"568","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370550,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manheim, Frank T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":20770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sayles, F.L.","contributorId":77657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayles","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207488,"text":"70207488 - 1974 - Interstitial waters of Black Sea sediments - New data and review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-20T10:04:15","indexId":"70207488","displayToPublicDate":"1974-12-31T10:00:24","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Interstitial waters of Black Sea sediments - New data and review","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Black Sea; Geology, chemistry, and biology; Water.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Manheim, F.T., and Chan, K., 1974, Interstitial waters of Black Sea sediments - New data and review, chap. <i>of</i> The Black Sea; Geology, chemistry, and biology; Water., p. 155-180.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"180","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370548,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Black Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              33.72802734375,\n              45.99696161820381\n            ],\n            [\n              31.970214843749996,\n              46.694667307773116\n            ],\n            [\n              30.695800781249996,\n              46.63435070293566\n            ],\n            [\n              29.355468750000004,\n              45.3521452458518\n            ],\n            [\n              28.037109375,\n              43.34116005412307\n            ],\n            [\n              27.39990234375,\n              42.407234661551875\n            ],\n            [\n              28.696289062499996,\n              41.09591205639546\n            ],\n            [\n              31.26708984375,\n              40.96330795307353\n            ],\n            [\n              33.99169921875,\n              41.85319643776675\n            ],\n            [\n              36.123046875,\n              41.32732632036622\n            ],\n            [\n              38.49609375,\n              40.88029480552824\n            ],\n            [\n              40.1220703125,\n              40.84706035607122\n            ],\n            [\n              41.87988281249999,\n              41.68932225997044\n            ],\n            [\n              41.41845703125,\n              42.76314586689492\n            ],\n            [\n              41.06689453125,\n              43.100982876188546\n            ],\n            [\n              40.36376953125,\n              43.14909399920127\n            ],\n            [\n              39.990234375,\n              43.42100882994726\n            ],\n            [\n              37.77099609375,\n              44.762336674810996\n            ],\n            [\n              37.265625,\n              45.19752230305682\n            ],\n            [\n              35.5078125,\n              45.182036837015886\n            ],\n            [\n              33.81591796875,\n              44.49650533109348\n            ],\n            [\n              33.46435546875,\n              45.182036837015886\n            ],\n            [\n              32.40966796875,\n              45.336701909968134\n            ],\n            [\n              33.72802734375,\n              45.99696161820381\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manheim, Frank T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":20770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chan, K.M.","contributorId":95399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chan","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70227022,"text":"70227022 - 1974 - Springs of Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-27T17:06:18.894871","indexId":"70227022","displayToPublicDate":"1974-12-01T10:58:13","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":144,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"10","title":"Springs of Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Flippo, H.N., 1974, Springs of Pennsylvania: Water Resources Bulletin 10, iv, 46 p.","productDescription":"iv, 46 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R.","contributorId":22033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collier","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70247390,"text":"70247390 - 1974 - Leachate plumes in a highly permeable aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-02T13:49:36.86912","indexId":"70247390","displayToPublicDate":"1974-11-01T08:43:35","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Leachate plumes in a highly permeable aquifer","docAbstract":"<p><span>Two landfills, 27 and 41 years old, were studied and found to have plumes of leachate-contaminated ground water extending 10,600 and 5,000 ft (3,200 and 1,500 m), respectively, from the site of deposition in the upper glacial aquifer on Long Island, New York. The plumes sink to the bottom of the aquifer, which is 70 ft (21 m) below the water table at the 27-year old site and 170 ft (52 m) below at the 41-year old site. The aquifer has a hydraulic conductivity of 270 ft per day (80 m per day).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1974.tb03048.x","usgsCitation":"Kimmel, G.E., and Braids, O.C., 1974, Leachate plumes in a highly permeable aquifer: Groundwater, v. 12, no. 6, p. 388-392, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1974.tb03048.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"388","endPage":"392","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Suffolk County","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.19018458237704,\n              40.75233332822717\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.39719566871011,\n              40.75233332822717\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.40225294280629,\n              40.658789192213334\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.19490470486654,\n              40.704044132943665\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.19018458237704,\n              40.75233332822717\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimmel, Grant E.","contributorId":20741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimmel","given":"Grant","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Braids, Olin C.","contributorId":84368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braids","given":"Olin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70247399,"text":"70247399 - 1974 - Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), an index of organic contamination in ground water near Barstow, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-02T15:26:50.425842","indexId":"70247399","displayToPublicDate":"1974-09-01T10:22:19","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), an index of organic contamination in ground water near Barstow, California","docAbstract":"<p>The alluvial aquifer underlying and adjacent to the Mojave River near Barstow, California, has been subjected to degradation from percolation of industrial and municipal wastes for more than 60 years. Effluents discharged to the aquifer have contained high concentrations of both organic (detergents, oil and grease, phenols, humic compounds, and others) and inorganic (chromium, chloride, phosphates, and others) substances. The concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), as determined by a wet combustion technique, has been shown to be a definitive parameter in identifying ground water affected by waste disposal. DOC concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 0.8 milligram per liter in the nondegraded ground water and exceeded 6 milligrams per liter in the ground water affected by the waste discharge.</p><p>The general distribution of DOC in the degraded ground water has been defined both areally and vertically. The vertical distribution of DOC and other constituents indicates that two plumes of degraded water occur at different depths. A comparison of the areal distribution of DOC and detergents (as MBAS) suggests that some organic compounds may have been adsorbed by the aquifer sediments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1974.tb03033.x","usgsCitation":"Hughes, J.L., Eccles, L.A., and Malcolm, R.L., 1974, Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), an index of organic contamination in ground water near Barstow, California: Groundwater, v. 12, no. 5, p. 283-290, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1974.tb03033.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"290","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419504,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Barstow","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.1,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.1,\n              34.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.75,\n              34.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.75,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.1,\n              35\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, Jerry L.","contributorId":19944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eccles, Lawrence A.","contributorId":90274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eccles","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malcolm, Ronald L.","contributorId":97500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malcolm","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70246982,"text":"70246982 - 1974 - Geohydrologic considerations in the management of radioactive waste","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-20T15:37:09.364305","indexId":"70246982","displayToPublicDate":"1974-09-01T09:52:43","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2910,"text":"Nuclear Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geohydrologic considerations in the management of radioactive waste","docAbstract":"<p><span>Nongaseous radioactive wastes occur as liquids containing high-level concentrations of radionuclides, liquids containing low concentrations of radionuclides, and solids contaminated by radioactivity. Whether released by accident or design into the earth or onto the earth’s surface, only water is capable of transporting significant quantities of radionuclides away from burial sites. Geohydrologic information that must be determined to predict the velocity and direction of waste movement from a site include climate, hydrology, detailed subsurface geology, permeability, porosity, sorptive potential, seismic potential, and geologic history of the area. Since the late 1960’s mathematical models have been used to make predictions of waste transport in some hydrologic systems. Intensive field investigations at each site are needed before these models can be used.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.13182/NT74-A31498","usgsCitation":"DeBuchananne, G.D., 1974, Geohydrologic considerations in the management of radioactive waste: Nuclear Technology, v. 24, no. 3, p. 356-361, https://doi.org/10.13182/NT74-A31498.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"356","endPage":"361","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419187,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeBuchananne, George D.","contributorId":10040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBuchananne","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70232481,"text":"70232481 - 1974 - Regional flow system and ground-water quality in western Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-05T14:40:49.888187","indexId":"70232481","displayToPublicDate":"1974-09-01T09:21:06","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional flow system and ground-water quality in western Ohio","docAbstract":"<p>Most relatively deep wells drilled in the carbonate aquifers in western Ohio tap a recognizable regional flow system encompassing all or parts of several major basins. The principal recharge area includes the higher, central part of the region, where much of the terrane is hummocky to hilly glacial moraine. The principal discharge areas are the valleys of the major streams and lowlands along Lake Erie. Ground water moving through this system undergoes a progressive change in chemical quality, from a calcium bicarbonate type in recharge areas to a calcium sulfate type in discharge areas. Changes in selected chemical constituents are orderly and, within the observed parameters, predictable.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Norris, S., 1974, Regional flow system and ground-water quality in western Ohio: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 5, p. 527-531.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"527","endPage":"531","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402946,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402945,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue5/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.803466796875,\n              39.740986355883564\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.7490234375,\n              39.740986355883564\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.7490234375,\n              41.672911819602085\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.803466796875,\n              41.672911819602085\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.803466796875,\n              39.740986355883564\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norris, Stanley E.","contributorId":63844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"Stanley E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70156689,"text":"70156689 - 1974 - A mineral separation procedure using hot Clerici solution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T16:13:48","indexId":"70156689","displayToPublicDate":"1974-08-30T19:45:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A mineral separation procedure using hot Clerici solution","docAbstract":"<p>Careful boiling of Clerici solution in a Pyrex test tube in an oil bath is used to float minerals with densities up to 5.0 in order to obtain purified concentrates of monazite (density 5.1) for analysis. The \"sink\" and \"float\" fractions are trapped in solidified Clerici salts on rapid chilling, and the fractions are washed into separate filter papers with warm water. The hazardous nature of Clerici solution requires unusual care in handling.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Rosenblum, S., 1974, A mineral separation procedure using hot Clerici solution: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 4, p. 479-481.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"479","endPage":"481","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307498,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307497,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue4/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"18.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd91a9e4b0518e354dd10c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenblum, Sam","contributorId":60620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenblum","given":"Sam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70210094,"text":"70210094 - 1974 - Feeding Ecology of Breeding Blue-Winged Teals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-13T20:54:01.592548","indexId":"70210094","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-31T15:47:19","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feeding Ecology of Breeding Blue-Winged Teals","docAbstract":"<p><span>A 5-year investigation of factors influencing the selection of foods consumed by blue-winged teals (<i>Anas discors</i>) during the breeding season in the glaciated prairie region of south-central North Dakota showed that birds first arriving on the breeding grounds consumed a diet consisting of 45 percent invertebrates. The proportion of animal foods in the diet increased to 95 percent at the onset of the nesting season. The quality and quantity of foods selected at any given time were influenced by the biological demands and morphological adaptations of the bird, the behavior and ecology of the invertebrates selected as foods, and the general nature of the aquatic ecosystems as determined by the hydrology and geology of the area and modified by land use and weather. Feeding activities changed significantly when food availability within the aquatic ecosystem changed. During the spring and early summer, temporary and seasonal wetlands, if not severely disturbed, were of paramount importance to breeding blue-winged teals since they provided abundant and readily available, high protein, animal foods. Later in the summer when seasonal wetlands began to dry up, insects began to emerge in the semipermanent ponds and lakes, and feeding intensity shifted to these more permanent waters. This trend, however, was often reversed temporarily during the early summer following heavy precipitation that refilled shallow water areas and again stimulated invertebrate development.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3800869","usgsCitation":"Swanson, G.A., Meyer, M.I., and Serie, J.R., 1974, Feeding Ecology of Breeding Blue-Winged Teals: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 38, no. 3, p. 396-407, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800869.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"396","endPage":"407","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374805,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Kidder County, Stutsman County","city":"Jamestown","otherGeospatial":"","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -100.25299072265625,\n              46.638122462379656\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.08868408203125,\n              46.638122462379656\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.08868408203125,\n              47.46523622438362\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.25299072265625,\n              47.46523622438362\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.25299072265625,\n              46.638122462379656\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, George A.","contributorId":49654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, Mavis I.","contributorId":224679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer","given":"Mavis","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Serie, Jerome R.","contributorId":174564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Serie","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70010238,"text":"70010238 - 1974 - Water and carbon in rusty lunar rock 66095","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-22T22:50:51.809451","indexId":"70010238","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water and carbon in rusty lunar rock 66095","docAbstract":"<div class=\"panel-pane pane-highwire-panel-tabs-container article__body\"><div class=\"pane-content\"><div id=\"panels-ajax-tab-container-highwire_article_tabs\" class=\"panels-ajax-tab-container\" data-panels-ajax-tab-preloaded=\"jnl_sci_tab_art\"><div class=\"panels-ajax-tab-wrap-jnl_sci_tab_art\"><div class=\"panel-display panel-1col clearfix\"><div class=\"panel-panel panel-col\"><div><div class=\"panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\"><div class=\"pane-content\"><div class=\"highwire-markup\"><div id=\"content-block-markup\" data-highwire-cite-ref-tooltip-instance=\"highwire_reflinks_tooltip\" data-highwire-glossary-tooltip-instance=\"highwire_reflinks_tooltip\"><div class=\"article abstract-view \"><div id=\"abstract-1\" class=\"section abstract\"><p id=\"p-1\">Lunar rock 66095 contains a hydrated iron oxide and has an unusual amount of water for a lunar rock (140 to 750 parts per million), 90 percent of which is released below 690°C. The δof water released at these low temperatures varies from -75 to -140 per mil relative to standard mean ocean water (SMOW). The small amount of water released between 690° and 1300°C has a δ of about -175 ±25 per mil SMOW. These δ values are not unusual for terrestrial water. The δ<sup>18</sup>O of water extracted from 110° to 400°C has a value of +5± I per mil SMOW, similar to the value for lunar silicates from rock 66095 and different from the value of -4 to -22 per mil found for samples of terrestrial rust including samples of rusted meteoritic iron. The amount of carbon varies from 11 to 59 parts per million with a δ<sup>13</sup>C from -20 to -30 per mil relative to Pee Dee belemnite. Only very small amounts of reduced species (such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane) were found, in contrast to the analyses of other lunar rocks. Although it is possible that most of the water in the iron oxide (goethite) may be terrestrial in origin or may have exchanged with terrestrial water during sample return and handling, evidence presented herein suggests that this did not happen and that some lunar water may have a δD that is indistinguishable from that of terrestrial water.</p></div></div><span id=\"related-urls\"></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.185.4148.346","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Friedman, I., Hardcastle, K.G., and Gleason, J., 1974, Water and carbon in rusty lunar rock 66095: Science, v. 185, no. 4148, p. 346-349, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.185.4148.346.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"346","endPage":"349","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219440,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"185","issue":"4148","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc79de4b08c986b32c53a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, I.","contributorId":95596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardcastle, Kenneth G.","contributorId":40722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardcastle","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gleason, J.D.","contributorId":27072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70211010,"text":"70211010 - 1974 - A deep research drill hole at the summit of an active volcano, Kilauea, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-09T19:44:09.440553","indexId":"70211010","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-09T14:32:17","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A deep research drill hole at the summit of an active volcano, Kilauea, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>Drilling and geophysical logging data for a 1,262 m‐deep bore hole in the area inferred to overlie the magma reservoir of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, support earlier interpretations based on surface geophysical surveys that a zone of brackish or saline water lies above the reservoir. Temperatures encountered within the hole are not sufficiently high to warrant commercial interest; the maximum temperature, 137°C, is at the hole bottom. However, the temperature gradient toward the bottom of the hole (approximately 160 m below sea level) increases sharply to about 370°C/km, perhaps partly reflecting the effect of decreased water circulation as suggested by the geophysical logging data. If this gradient persists or increases with depth, magmatic temperatures would be attained within 3 km from the hole bottom (i.e., approximately 4 km from ground surface)—a depth in accord with data from ground‐deformation and seismic studies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/GL001i007p00323","usgsCitation":"Zablocki, C.J., Tilling, R.I., Peterson, D.W., Christiansen, R.L., Keller, G., and Murray, J.C., 1974, A deep research drill hole at the summit of an active volcano, Kilauea, Hawaii: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 1, no. 7, p. 323-326, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL001i007p00323.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"326","costCenters":[{"id":153,"text":"California Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.37139892578125,\n              19.272257982982804\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.1228332519531,\n              19.272257982982804\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.1228332519531,\n              19.663280219987662\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.37139892578125,\n              19.663280219987662\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.37139892578125,\n              19.272257982982804\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zablocki, Charles J.","contributorId":48961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zablocki","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":792415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, D. W.","contributorId":84326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christiansen, Robert L. 0000-0002-8017-3918 rchris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-3918","contributorId":4412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Robert","email":"rchris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keller, George V.","contributorId":27530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"George V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Murray, John C.","contributorId":228872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murray","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70232460,"text":"70232460 - 1974 - Shallow seismic compressional and shear wave refraction and electrical resistivity investigations at Rocky Flats, Jefferson County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-01T22:22:40.772641","indexId":"70232460","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-01T17:11:30","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow seismic compressional and shear wave refraction and electrical resistivity investigations at Rocky Flats, Jefferson County, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>Seismic refraction and electrical resistivity investigations at Rocky Flats, Colo., a gravel-capped pediment, indicated an irregular bedrock surface which ranges in depth from 3 to 27 m (10-90 ft). Layers within the gravel that were revealed by interpretation of seismic and electrical data do not correlate, but the combining of results reveals information about water saturation and elastic properties of the overburden. Velocity variations within bedrock affect depth calculations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Ackermann, H.D., 1974, Shallow seismic compressional and shear wave refraction and electrical resistivity investigations at Rocky Flats, Jefferson County, Colorado: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 4, p. 421-430.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"421","endPage":"430","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402907,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue4/report.pdf","size":"19104 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Flats","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.25657653808594,\n              39.82462208372805\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.08182525634766,\n              39.82462208372805\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.08182525634766,\n              39.95817509460007\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.25657653808594,\n              39.95817509460007\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.25657653808594,\n              39.82462208372805\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackermann, Hans D.","contributorId":44539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ackermann","given":"Hans","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70232494,"text":"70232494 - 1974 - Investigation of diffusion in open-channel flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-05T16:02:51.956372","indexId":"70232494","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-01T10:57:22","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigation of diffusion in open-channel flows","docAbstract":"<p>This investigation examines the interrelation between turbulent diffusion, dispersion, and the statistical properties of turbulence in an open-channel flow. The results of the study substantiate Philip's concept relating the ratio of Eulerian to estimated Lagrangian time scales and the reciprocal of the longitudinal intensity of turbulence. The relation may be used to predict coefficients of longitudinal turbulent diffusion at the water surface and in the flow field, A similar concept using an integral scale based on the longitudinal intensity of turbulence may be used to predict coefficients of both surface and depth-averaged turbulent diffusion in three coordinate directions. Longitudinal space-time velocity correlation measurements can be used to predict the Lagrangian time scale only under limited conditions. Within the range of conditions studied, longitudinal diffusion accounted for 4 to 13 percent of the one-dimensional dispersion process.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Keefer, T.N., and McQuivey, R.S., 1974, Investigation of diffusion in open-channel flows: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 4, p. 501-509.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"501","endPage":"509","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402972,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402971,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue4/report.pdf","size":"19104 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keefer, Thomas N.","contributorId":43752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McQuivey, Raul S.","contributorId":48176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McQuivey","given":"Raul","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70232492,"text":"70232492 - 1974 - Generalization of stream travel rates and dispersion characteristics from time-of-travel measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-05T15:56:43.8218","indexId":"70232492","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-01T10:50:56","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generalization of stream travel rates and dispersion characteristics from time-of-travel measurements","docAbstract":"<p> Prediction of travel rates of water in streams is important for pollution control and for warning systems where contaminant spillage is possible. A method of estimating traveltime and dispersion of solutes in streams where such data are not available is provided in this report. Generalized relations for travel rates and dispersion indices as functions of stream-channel and discharge characteristics are developed using available time-of-travel data and the multiple-regression technique.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Boning, C.W., 1974, Generalization of stream travel rates and dispersion characteristics from time-of-travel measurements: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 4, p. 495-499.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"495","endPage":"499","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402969,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402967,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue4/report.pdf","size":"19104 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boning, Charles W.","contributorId":86345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boning","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70199716,"text":"70199716 - 1974 - Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur isotope study of the Darwin lead-silver-zinc deposit, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T10:40:03","indexId":"70199716","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-01T10:38:17","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur isotope study of the Darwin lead-silver-zinc deposit, Southern California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The ores at Darwin occur as massive replacement bodies in silicated limestones of Pennsylvanian and Permian age adjacent to a Jurassic quartz monzonite stock. Three types of ore have a definite spatial relationship to the quartz monzonite: (1) pyrite-sphalerite-galena ores, (2) pyrite-pyrrhotite-magnetite-sphalerite-galena ores, and (3) galena-Ag-Bi-Se ores.The delta&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;S values of all sulfide minerals range from +4.4 to --5.7 permil. The delta&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;S values for individual minerals tend to decrease with respect to both space and paragenetic time. The delta (sub sl-gn) values range from 1.5 to 2.5 permil and correspond to a temperature range of 325 degrees + or - 55 degrees C. The sphalerite-galena sulfur isotope temperatures at a given locality are reproducible to + or -30 degrees C and are consistent with temperatures determined by other means.Analyses of water in three samples of fluid inclusions in sphalerite indicate that the ore fluids had delta D values of --66 + or - permil, a total salinity that reached at least 20 percent, and K/Na atomic ratios of 0.23 + or - 0.03. Isotopic and thermochemical data indicate that the ore fluids had average values of delta&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;S (sub Sigma S) = 3 permil, delta&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup><span>&nbsp;C (sub Sigma O) = -- 3.5 permil, Sigma S = 0.01 mole/Kg H&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>O, f (sub CO&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;) = 12 + or - 8 bars, and Sigma C = 0.15 + or - 0.06 mole/Kg H&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;O.The delta&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>&nbsp;O values of postsulfide calcites have a range of 12.8 + or - 1.5 permil in the pyrite ores and 17 + or - 2 permil in the pyrrhotite ores. Similar values for relict limestone host rock in these areas indicate that oxygen isotopic equilibrium was established between the calcite precipitating fluids and the wall rock. The delta&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup><span>&nbsp;C values of the calcites, however, range from --5.8 to --3.6 permil and are considerably more negative than the limestone in the host rock, indicating that carbon isotopic equilibrium was not established between the fluids and the wall rock.Thermochemical data indicate that the pH of the ore fluids was about 4.8 as they traveled through the quartz monzonite at T nearly equal 350 degrees C. When the fluids completely equilibrated with the relict limestone and calc-silicate host rock, the pH increased to 6.7. This increase in pH as the fluids traveled upward and away from the quartz monzonite was responsible for the spatial distribution of iron sulfide assemblages, for variations in delta&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;S values of sulfides, and probably caused precipitation of the ore.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.69.4.468","usgsCitation":"Rye, R.O., Hall, W.E., and Ohmoto, H., 1974, Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur isotope study of the Darwin lead-silver-zinc deposit, Southern California: Economic Geology, v. 69, no. 4, p. 468-481, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.69.4.468.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"468","endPage":"481","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357748,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Inyo County","volume":"69","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1974-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rye, Robert O. rrye@usgs.gov","contributorId":1486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"Robert","email":"rrye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, Wayne E.","contributorId":89955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ohmoto, H.","contributorId":30759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohmoto","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1013740,"text":"1013740 - 1974 - The jumping ability and behavior of green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) at the outflow of a 1.6-ha pond","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-14T18:18:58.126823","indexId":"1013740","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The jumping ability and behavior of green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) at the outflow of a 1.6-ha pond","docAbstract":"<p><span>Effects of a plunging water flow on the behavior of green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) 7.1 to 9.7 cm in total length were studied at the outflow of a 1.6‐ha pond. Jumping ability and behavior were measured at 12‐hr intervals using a fishˈs position in a 0.9 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>‐vertical grid or in the discharge pipe. Activity was influenced by flow rate, time of day, and time of year. Fish jumped up to 10 times their body length and traversed a horizontal distance of 0.6 m. Fish with the greatest mean length jumped the highest. The majority of the fish were captured during the 0600‐hr tending period: 79.9% pipe only study and 82.4% pipe and grid combined study.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1974)103<620:TJAABO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ellis, J.E., 1974, The jumping ability and behavior of green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) at the outflow of a 1.6-ha pond: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 103, no. 3, p. 620-623, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1974)103<620:TJAABO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"620","endPage":"623","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129606,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a85e4b07f02db64d240","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, James E.","contributorId":6390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"James","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014254,"text":"1014254 - 1974 - Disinfection of contaminated water by ultraviolet irradiation, with emphasis on whirling disease (Myxosoma cerebralis) and its effect on fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-14T18:01:59.830286","indexId":"1014254","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disinfection of contaminated water by ultraviolet irradiation, with emphasis on whirling disease (Myxosoma cerebralis) and its effect on fish","docAbstract":"<p><span>Rainbow trout fry developed whirling disease upon exposure to water contaminated with Myxosoma cerebralis. When similarly contaminated water was irradiated with 2537 Angstrom units of ultraviolet light at dosages of 35,000, 43,000, and 112,000 microwatt sec/cm</span><sup>2</sup><span>, infection of fry was prevented. The minimum effective dosage was not determined in the present experiments. High mortality and a 61% growth inhibition of survivors occurred in the infected fry.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1974)103<541:DOCWBU>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, G.L., 1974, Disinfection of contaminated water by ultraviolet irradiation, with emphasis on whirling disease (Myxosoma cerebralis) and its effect on fish: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 103, no. 3, p. 541-550, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1974)103<541:DOCWBU>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"541","endPage":"550","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131864,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a432","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, G. L.","contributorId":70713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1003219,"text":"1003219 - 1974 - Effects of TFM and Bayer 73 on in vivo oxygen consumption of the aquatic midge Chironomus tentans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-14T18:08:35.9249","indexId":"1003219","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of TFM and Bayer 73 on in vivo oxygen consumption of the aquatic midge Chironomus tentans","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">Exposure of fourth instar larvae of Chironomus tentans to 2.0‐8.0 mg/liter of TFM (3‐trifluormethyl‐4‐nitrophenol) for 6 hr at 22 ± 0.5 C in soft water resulted in a significantly increased rate of larval oxygen consumption compared to that of control larvae, as measured with the Warburg respirometer. Maximum stimulation of oxygen consumption occurred with 8.0 mg/liter of TFM, and 1.0 mg/liter of TFM had no measurable effect on basal respiration. When hardness of exposure water was progressively increased, the effect of TFM on oxygen consumption was diminished.</p><p class=\"chapter-para\">Bayer 73 (5,2′‐dichloro‐4′‐nitrosalicylanilide) stimulated oxygen consumption at 0.75 and 1.0 mg/liter, had no significant effect at concentrations less that 0.75 mg/liter, and inhibited oxygen consumption at concentrations of 1.20 mg/liter or greater.</p><p class=\"chapter-para\">Mixtures of TFM and Bayer 73, in the ratio of 98:2, had no greater effect on oxygen consumption than TFM alone.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1974)103<551:EOTABO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Kawatski, J., Dawson, V.K., and Reuvers, M., 1974, Effects of TFM and Bayer 73 on in vivo oxygen consumption of the aquatic midge Chironomus tentans: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 103, no. 3, p. 551-556, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1974)103<551:EOTABO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"551","endPage":"556","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134331,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624e95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kawatski, J.A.","contributorId":101241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kawatski","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, V. K.","contributorId":48900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reuvers, M.L.","contributorId":87512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reuvers","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70175787,"text":"70175787 - 1974 - Status of projects in Minnesota, 1974-75 fiscal years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T11:55:32","indexId":"70175787","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-11T11:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Status of projects in Minnesota, 1974-75 fiscal years","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/70175787","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1974, Status of projects in Minnesota, 1974-75 fiscal years, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70175787.","productDescription":"49 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326912,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70156688,"text":"70156688 - 1974 - The calculation of aquifer chemistry in hot-water geothermal systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T16:12:09","indexId":"70156688","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-11T09:15:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The calculation of aquifer chemistry in hot-water geothermal systems","docAbstract":"<p>The temperature and chemical conditions (pH, gas pressure, and ion activities) in a geothermal aquifer supplying a producing bore can be calculated from the enthalpy of the total fluid (liquid + vapor) produced and chemical analyses of water and steam separated and collected at known pressures. Alternatively, if a single water phase exists in the aquifer, the complete analysis (including gases) of a sample collected from the aquifer by a downhole sampler is sufficient to determine the aquifer chemistry without a measured value of the enthalpy. The assumptions made are that the fluid is produced from a single aquifer and is homogeneous in enthalpy and chemical composition. These calculations of aquifer chemistry involving large amounts of ancillary information and many iterations require computer methods. A computer program in PL-1 to perform these calculations is available from the National Technical Information Service as document PB-219 376.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Truesdell, A.H., and Singers, W., 1974, The calculation of aquifer chemistry in hot-water geothermal systems: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 3, p. 271-278.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"278","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307496,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307495,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue3/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"21.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd91c0e4b0518e354dd1cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Truesdell, Alfred H.","contributorId":33448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truesdell","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singers, Wendy","contributorId":147021,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singers","given":"Wendy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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