Back to the Basics: Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada* continues the Wetland Education Through Maps and Aerial Photography (WETMAAP) Program of exercises on teaching foundational map reading and spatial differentiation skills. It is the third published exercise from the Back to the Basics series developed by the WETMAAP Program. The current exercise modified is from the Lake Tahoe Back to the Basics workshop offered during the annual National Council for Geographic Education meeting. The focus of this exercise is on geography and mathematics, a unification of skills for spatial analysis and measurement.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Council for Geographic Education","doi":"10.1080/00221340608978690","usgsCitation":"Handley, L.R., Lockwood, C.M., and Handley, N., 2006, Back to the basics: Lake Tahoe, California /Nevada: Geography and mathematics: Journal of Geography, v. 105, no. 5, p. 225-230, https://doi.org/10.1080/00221340608978690.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"230","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Tahoe","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.25,38.666666666666664 ], [ -120.25,39.333333333333336 ], [ -119.83333333333333,39.333333333333336 ], [ -119.83333333333333,38.666666666666664 ], [ -120.25,38.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"105","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Handley, Lawrence R. handleyl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handley","given":"Lawrence","email":"handleyl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockwood, Catherine M.","contributorId":211563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lockwood","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Handley, Nathan","contributorId":211564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Handley","given":"Nathan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79610,"text":"sir20065216 - 2006 - Fecal-indicator bacteria in the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio Rivers and selected tributaries, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, 2001-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-10T13:41:09","indexId":"sir20065216","displayToPublicDate":"2007-02-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5216","title":"Fecal-indicator bacteria in the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio Rivers and selected tributaries, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, 2001-2005","docAbstract":"Concentrations of fecal-indicator bacteria were determined in 1,027 water-quality samples collected from July 2001 through August 2005 during dry- (72-hour dry antecedent period) and wet-weather (48-hour dry antecedent period and at least 0.3 inch of rain in a 24-hour period) conditions in the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio Rivers (locally referred to as the Three Rivers) and selected tributaries in Allegheny County. Samples were collected at five sampling sites on the Three Rivers and at eight sites on four tributaries to the Three Rivers having combined sewer overflows. \r\n\r\n\r\nWater samples were analyzed for three fecal-indicator organisms fecal coliform, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and enterococci bacteria. Left-bank and right-bank surface-water samples were collected in addition to a cross-section composite sample at each site. \r\n\r\n\r\nConcentrations of fecal coliform, E. coli, and enterococci were detected in 98.6, 98.5, and 87.7 percent of all samples, respectively. The maximum fecal-indicator bacteria concentrations were collected from Sawmill Run, a tributary to the Ohio River; Sawmill Run at Duquesne Heights had concentrations of fecal coliform, E. coli, and enterococci of 410,000, 510,000, and 180,000 col/100 mL, respectively, following a large storm. \r\n\r\n\r\nThe samples collected in the Three Rivers and selected tributaries frequently exceeded established recreational standards and criteria for bacteria. Concentrations of fecal coliform exceeded the Pennsylvania water-quality standard (200 col/100 mL) in approximately 63 percent of the samples. Sample concentrations of E. coli and enterococci exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) water-quality criteria (235 and 61 col/100 mL, respectively) in about 53 and 47 percent, respectively, of the samples. \r\n\r\n\r\nFecal-indicator bacteria were most strongly correlated with streamflow, specific conductance, and turbidity. These correlations most frequently were observed in samples collected from tributary sites. Fecal-indicator bacteria concentrations and turbidity were correlated to the location of sample collection in the cross section. Most differences were between bank and composite samples; differences between right-bank and left-bank samples were rarely observed. The Allegheny River sites had more significant correlations than the Monongahela or Ohio River sites. \r\n\r\n\r\nComparisons were made between fecal-indicator bacteria in composite samples collected during dry-weather, wet-weather day-one, wet-weather day-two (tributary sites only), and wet-weather day-three (Three Rivers sites only) events in the Three Rivers and selected tributary sites. The lowest median bacteria concentrations generally were observed in the dry-weather composite samples. All median bacteria concentrations in dry-weather composite samples in the five Three Rivers sites were below water-quality standards and criteria; bacteria concentrations in the upstream tributary sites rarely met all standards or criteria. Only Turtle Creek, Thompson Run, and Chartiers Creek had at least one median bacteria concentration below water-quality standards or criteria. Median bacteria concentrations in the composite samples generally were higher the day after a wet-weather event compared to dry-weather composite samples and other wet-weather composite samples collected. In the five Three Rivers sites, median bacteria concentrations 3 days after a wet-weather event in composite samples tended to fall below the water-quality standards and criteria; in the eight tributary sites, median bacteria concentrations in the dry-weather and wet-weather composite samples generally were above the water-quality standards or criteria. Composite samples collected at the upstream sites on the Three Rivers and selected tributaries generally had lower median bacteria concentrations than composite samples collected at the downstream sites during dry- and wet-weather events. Higher concentrations downstream may be because o","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065216","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Allegheny County Sanitary Authority and the Allegheny County Health Department","usgsCitation":"Buckwalter, T.F., Zimmerman, T.M., and Fulton, J.W., 2006, Fecal-indicator bacteria in the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio Rivers and selected tributaries, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, 2001-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5216, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065216.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"31","temporalStart":"2001-07-01","temporalEnd":"2005-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343521,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5216/pdf/sir2006-5216.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":9233,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5216/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Allegheny County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.5,40.25 ], [ -80.5,41 ], [ -79.75,41 ], [ -79.75,40.25 ], [ -80.5,40.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6883a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckwalter, Theodore F.","contributorId":90719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckwalter","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, Tammy M. 0000-0003-0842-6981 tmzimmer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-6981","contributorId":2359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Tammy","email":"tmzimmer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fulton, John W. 0000-0002-5335-0720 jwfulton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-0720","contributorId":2298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"John","email":"jwfulton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79613,"text":"sir20065286 - 2006 - Statewide analysis of the drainage-area ratio method for 34 streamflow percentile ranges in Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T14:45:46","indexId":"sir20065286","displayToPublicDate":"2007-02-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5286","title":"Statewide analysis of the drainage-area ratio method for 34 streamflow percentile ranges in Texas","docAbstract":"The drainage-area ratio method commonly is used to estimate streamflow for sites where no streamflow data are available using data from one or more nearby streamflow-gaging stations. The method is intuitive and straightforward to implement and is in widespread use by analysts and managers of surface-water resources. The method equates the ratio of streamflow at two stream locations to the ratio of the respective drainage areas. In practice, unity often is assumed as the exponent on the drainage-area ratio, and unity also is assumed as a multiplicative bias correction. These two assumptions are evaluated in this investigation through statewide analysis of daily mean streamflow in Texas. The investigation was made by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. More than 7.8 million values of daily mean streamflow for 712 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations in Texas were analyzed. To account for the influence of streamflow probability on the drainage-area ratio method, 34 percentile ranges were considered. The 34 ranges are the 4 quartiles (0-25, 25-50, 50-75, and 75-100 percent), the 5 intervals of the lower tail of the streamflow distribution (0-1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, and 4-5 percent), the 20 quintiles of the 4 quartiles (0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, 20-25, 25-30, 30-35, 35-40, 40-45, 45-50, 50-55, 55-60, 60-65, 65-70, 70-75, 75-80, 80-85, 85-90, 90-95, and 95-100 percent), and the 5 intervals of the upper tail of the streamflow distribution (95-96, 96-97, 97-98, 98-99 and 99-100 percent). For each of the 253,116 (712X711/2) unique pairings of stations and for each of the 34 percentile ranges, the concurrent daily mean streamflow values available for the two stations provided for station-pair application of the drainage-area ratio method. For each station pair, specific statistical summarization (median, mean, and standard deviation) of both the exponent and bias-correction components of the drainage-area ratio method were computed. Statewide statistics (median, mean, and standard deviation) of the station-pair specific statistics subsequently were computed and are tabulated herein. A separate analysis considered conditioning station pairs to those stations within 100 miles of each other and with the absolute value of the logarithm (base-10) of the ratio of the drainage areas greater than or equal to 0.25. Statewide statistics of the conditional station-pair specific statistics were computed and are tabulated. The conditional analysis is preferable because of the anticipation that small separation distances reflect similar hydrologic conditions and the observation of large variation in exponent estimates for similar-sized drainage areas. The conditional analysis determined that the exponent is about 0.89 for streamflow percentiles from 0 to about 50 percent, is about 0.92 for percentiles from about 50 to about 65 percent, and is about 0.93 for percentiles from about 65 to about 85 percent. The exponent decreases rapidly to about 0.70 for percentiles nearing 100 percent. The computation of the bias-correction factor is sensitive to the range analysis interval (range of streamflow percentile); however, evidence suggests that in practice the drainage-area method can be considered unbiased. Finally, for general application, suggested values of the exponent are tabulated for 54 percentiles of daily mean streamflow in Texas; when these values are used, the bias correction is unity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065286","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Asquith, W.H., Roussel, M.C., and Vrabel, J., 2006, Statewide analysis of the drainage-area ratio method for 34 streamflow percentile ranges in Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5286, iv, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065286.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20065286.PNG"},{"id":327736,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5286/pdf/sir2006-5286.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":9236,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5286/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47d6e4b07f02db4b3204","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roussel, Meghan C. mroussel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roussel","given":"Meghan","email":"mroussel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vrabel, Joseph 0000-0002-8773-0764 jvrabel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8773-0764","contributorId":1577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vrabel","given":"Joseph","email":"jvrabel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79612,"text":"ofr20061386 - 2006 - Preliminary Geologic Map of Mount Pagan Volcano, Pagan Island, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:39","indexId":"ofr20061386","displayToPublicDate":"2007-02-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1386","title":"Preliminary Geologic Map of Mount Pagan Volcano, Pagan Island, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands","docAbstract":"Pagan Island is the subaerial portion of two adjoining Quaternary stratovolcanoes near the middle of the active Mariana Arc, [FAT1]north of Saipan. Pagan and the other volcanic islands that constitute part of the Arc form the northern half of the East Mariana Ridge[FAT2], which extends about 2-4 km above the ocean floor. The > 6-km-deep Mariana Trench adjoins the East Mariana Ridge on the east, and the Mariana Trough, partly filled with young lava flows and volcaniclastic sediment, lies on the west of the Northern Mariana Islands (East Mariana Ridge. The submarine West Mariana Ridge, Tertiary in age, bounds the western side of the Mariana Trough. The Mariana Trench and Northern Mariana Islands (East Mariana Ridge) overlie an active subduction zone where the Pacific Plate, moving northwest at about 10.3 cm/year, is passing beneath the Philippine Plate, moving west-northwest at 6.8 cm/year. Beneath the Northern Mariana Islands, earthquake hypocenters at depths of 50-250 km identify the location of the west-dipping subduction zone, which farther west becomes nearly vertical and extends to 700 km depth. During the past century, more than 40 earthquakes of magnitude 6.5-8.1 have shaken the Mariana Trench. \r\n\r\nThe Mariana Islands form two sub-parallel, concentric, concave-west arcs. The southern islands comprise the outer arc and extend north from Guam to Farallon de Medinilla. They consist of Eocene to Miocene volcanic rocks and uplifted Tertiary and Quaternary limestone. The nine northern islands extend from Anatahan to Farallon de Pajaros and form part of the inner arc. The active inner arc extends south from Anatahan, where volcanoes, some of which are active, form seamounts west of the older outer arc. Other volcanic seamounts of the active arc surmount the East Mariana Ridge in the vicinity of Anatahan and Sarigan and north and south of Farallon de Pajaros. Six volcanoes (Farallon de Pajaros, Asuncion, Agrigan, Mount Pagan, Guguan, and Anatahan) in the northern islands have erupted during the past century, and Ruby Seamount erupted in 1996.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061386","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Emergency Management Office, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands","usgsCitation":"Trusdell, F., Moore, R.B., and Sako, M.K., 2006, Preliminary Geologic Map of Mount Pagan Volcano, Pagan Island, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1386, 32 p.; map, 38.5 by 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061386.","productDescription":"32 p.; map, 38.5 by 24 inches","numberOfPages":"32","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110702,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_80649.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"80649"},{"id":192459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061386.PNG"},{"id":9235,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1386/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 145.2,18 ], [ 145.2,18.5 ], [ 146,18.5 ], [ 146,18 ], [ 145.2,18 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d4a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trusdell, Frank A. 0000-0002-0681-0528 trusdell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0681-0528","contributorId":754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"Frank A.","email":"trusdell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Richard B. rmoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":1464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Richard","email":"rmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sako, Maurice K.","contributorId":19583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sako","given":"Maurice","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79608,"text":"sir20065312 - 2006 - A Streamflow Statistics (StreamStats) Web Application for Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:19","indexId":"sir20065312","displayToPublicDate":"2007-02-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5312","title":"A Streamflow Statistics (StreamStats) Web Application for Ohio","docAbstract":"A StreamStats Web application was developed for Ohio that implements equations for estimating a variety of streamflow statistics including the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year peak streamflows, mean annual streamflow, mean monthly streamflows, harmonic mean streamflow, and 25th-, 50th-, and 75th-percentile streamflows. StreamStats is a Web-based geographic information system application designed to facilitate the estimation of streamflow statistics at ungaged locations on streams. StreamStats can also serve precomputed streamflow statistics determined from streamflow-gaging station data. The basic structure, use, and limitations of StreamStats are described in this report.\r\n\r\nTo facilitate the level of automation required for Ohio's StreamStats application, the technique used by Koltun (2003)1 for computing main-channel slope was replaced with a new computationally robust technique. The new channel-slope characteristic, referred to as SL10-85, differed from the National Hydrography Data based channel slope values (SL) reported by Koltun (2003)1 by an average of -28.3 percent, with the median change being -13.2 percent. In spite of the differences, the two slope measures are strongly correlated.\r\n\r\nThe change in channel slope values resulting from the change in computational method necessitated revision of the full-model equations for flood-peak discharges originally presented by Koltun (2003)1. Average standard errors of prediction for the revised full-model equations presented in this report increased by a small amount over those reported by Koltun (2003)1, with increases ranging from 0.7 to 0.9 percent. Mean percentage changes in the revised regression and weighted flood-frequency estimates relative to regression and weighted estimates reported by Koltun (2003)1 were small, ranging from -0.72 to -0.25 percent and -0.22 to 0.07 percent, respectively.\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065312","usgsCitation":"Koltun, G., Kula, S.P., and Puskas, B.M., 2006, A Streamflow Statistics (StreamStats) Web Application for Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5312, vi, 62 P., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065312.","productDescription":"vi, 62 P.","numberOfPages":"68","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9231,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5312/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd496ae4b0b290850ef255","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koltun, G. F. 0000-0003-0255-2960","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-2960","contributorId":49817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koltun","given":"G. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kula, Stephanie P. spkula@usgs.gov","contributorId":4666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kula","given":"Stephanie","email":"spkula@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puskas, Barry M.","contributorId":59889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puskas","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176088,"text":"70176088 - 2006 - Show me the numbers: What data currently exist for non-native species in the USA?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-25T11:40:36","indexId":"70176088","displayToPublicDate":"2007-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Show me the numbers: What data currently exist for non-native species in the USA?","docAbstract":"Non-native species continue to be introduced to the United States from other countries via trade and transportation, creating a growing need for early detection and rapid response to new invaders. It is therefore increasingly important to synthesize existing data on non-native species abundance and distributions. However, no comprehensive analysis of existing data has been undertaken for non-native species, and there have been few efforts to improve collaboration. We therefore conducted a survey to determine what datasets currently exist for non-native species in the US from county, state, multi-state region, national, and global scales. We identified 319 datasets and collected metadata for 79% of these. Through this study, we provide a better understanding of extant non-native species datasets and identify data gaps (ie taxonomic, spatial, and temporal) to help guide future survey, research, and predictive modeling efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1540-9295(2006)4[414:SMTNWD]2.0.CO;2","issn":"1540-9295","usgsCitation":"Crall, A.W., Meyerson, L.A., Stohlgren, T.J., Jarnevich, C.S., Newman, G.J., and Graham, J., 2006, Show me the numbers: What data currently exist for non-native species in the USA?: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 4, no. 8, p. 414-418, https://doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2006)4[414:SMTNWD]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"414","endPage":"418","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/nrs_facpubs/74","text":"External Repository"},{"id":327841,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"4","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c016cde4b0f2f0ceb87365","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crall, Alycia W.","contributorId":60123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crall","given":"Alycia","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyerson, Laura A.","contributorId":174048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyerson","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Newman, Gregory J.","contributorId":19487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Graham, James","contributorId":83398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":79607,"text":"sir20065196 - 2006 - Ground-water quality beneath irrigated cropland of the northern and southern High Plains aquifer, Nebraska and Texas, 2003-04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-15T21:27:20.754417","indexId":"sir20065196","displayToPublicDate":"2007-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5196","displayTitle":"Ground-Water Quality Beneath Irrigated Cropland of the Northern and Southern High Plains Aquifer, Nebraska and Texas, 2003-04","title":"Ground-water quality beneath irrigated cropland of the northern and southern High Plains aquifer, Nebraska and Texas, 2003-04","docAbstract":"A study of the quality of ground water beneath irrigated cropland was completed for the northern and southern High Plains aquifer. Ground-water samples were collected from 30 water-table monitoring wells in the northern agricultural land-use (NAL) study area in Nebraska in 2004 and 29 water-table monitoring wells in the southern agricultural land-use (SAL) study area in Texas in 2003. The two study areas represented different agricultural and hydrogeologic settings. The primary crops grown in the NAL study area were corn and soybeans, and the primary crop in the SAL study area was cotton. Overall, pesticide and fertilizer application rates were larger in the NAL study area. Also, precipitation and recharge rates were greater in the NAL study area, and depths to water and evapotranspiration rates were greater in the SAL study area.
Ground-water quality beneath irrigated cropland was different in the two study areas. Nitrate concentrations were larger and pesticide detections were more frequent in the NAL study area. Nitrate concentrations in NAL samples ranged from 1.96 to 106 mg/L (milligrams per liter) as nitrogen, with a median concentration of 10.6 mg/L. Water in 73 percent of NAL samples had at least one pesticide or pesticide degradate detected. Most of the pesticide compounds detected (atrazine, alachlor, metolachlor, simazine, and degradates of those pesticides) are applied to corn and soybean fields. Nitrate concentrations in SAL samples ranged from 0.96 to 21.6 mg/L, with a median of 4.12 mg/L. Water in 24 percent of SAL samples had at least one pesticide or pesticide degradate detected. The pesticide compounds detected were deethylatrazine (a degradate of atrazine and propazine), propazine, fluometuron, and tebuthiuron. Most of the pesticides detected are applied to cotton fields.
Dissolved-solids concentrations were larger in the SAL area and were positively correlated with both nitrate and chloride concentrations, suggesting a combination of human and natural sources. Dissolved-solids concentrations in NAL samples ranged from 272 to 2,160 mg/L, with a median of 442 mg/L, and dissolved solids in SAL samples ranged from 416 to 3,580 mg/L, with a median of 814 mg/L.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065196","usgsCitation":"Stanton, J.S., and Fahlquist, L.S., 2006, Ground-water quality beneath irrigated cropland of the northern and southern High Plains aquifer, Nebraska and Texas, 2003-04: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5196, viii, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065196.","productDescription":"viii, 94 p.","numberOfPages":"105","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":396006,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5196/pdf/SIR20065196.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":9230,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5196/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska, Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108,32 ], [ -108,42 ], [ -96,42 ], [ -96,32 ], [ -108,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db545596","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanton, Jennifer S. 0000-0002-2520-753X jstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2520-753X","contributorId":830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fahlquist, Lynne S. 0000-0002-4993-4037 lfahlqst@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4993-4037","contributorId":1051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fahlquist","given":"Lynne","email":"lfahlqst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79604,"text":"ofr20061396 - 2006 - Geophysical Studies Based on Gravity and Seismic Data of Tule Desert, Meadow Valley Wash, and California Wash Basins, Southern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:36","indexId":"ofr20061396","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1396","title":"Geophysical Studies Based on Gravity and Seismic Data of Tule Desert, Meadow Valley Wash, and California Wash Basins, Southern Nevada","docAbstract":"Gravity and seismic data from Tule Desert, Meadow Valley Wash, and California Wash, Nevada, provide insight into the subsurface geometry of these three basins that lie adjacent to rapidly developing areas of Clark County, Nevada. Each of the basins is the product of Tertiary extension accommodated with the general form of north-south oriented, asymmetrically-faulted half-grabens. Geophysical inversion of gravity observations indicates that Tule Desert and Meadow Valley Wash basins are segmented into subbasins by shallow, buried basement highs. In this study, basement refers to pre-Cenozoic bedrock units that underlie basins filled with Cenozoic sedimentary and volcanic units. In Tule Desert, a small, buried basement high inferred from gravity data appears to be a horst whose placement is consistent with seismic reflection and magnetotelluric observations. Meadow Valley Wash consists of three subbasins separated by basement highs at structural zones that accommodated different styles of extension of the adjacent subbasins, an interpretation consistent with geologic mapping of fault traces oblique to the predominant north-south fault orientation of Tertiary extension in this area. California Wash is a single structural basin. The three seismic reflection lines analyzed in this study image the sedimentary basin fill, and they allow identification of faults that offset basin deposits and underlying basement. The degree of faulting and folding of the basin-fill deposits increases with depth. Pre-Cenozoic units are observed in some of the seismic reflection lines, but their reflections are generally of poor quality or are absent. Factors that degrade seismic reflector quality in this area are rough land topography due to erosion, deformed sedimentary units at the land surface, rock layers that dip out of the plane of the seismic profile, and the presence of volcanic units that obscure underlying reflectors. Geophysical methods illustrate that basin geometry is more complicated than would be inferred from extrapolation of surface topography and geology, and these methods aid in defining a three-dimensional framework to understand groundwater storage and flow in southern Nevada.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061396","collaboration":"In Cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Scheirer, D., Page, W.R., and Miller, J.J., 2006, Geophysical Studies Based on Gravity and Seismic Data of Tule Desert, Meadow Valley Wash, and California Wash Basins, Southern Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1396, 44 p.; data files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061396.","productDescription":"44 p.; data files","numberOfPages":"44","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":314,"text":"Geophysics Unit of Menlo Park, CA (GUMP)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9226,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1396/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115,36.1 ], [ -115,37.3 ], [ -114,37.3 ], [ -114,36.1 ], [ -115,36.1 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c466","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scheirer, Daniel S. dscheirer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheirer","given":"Daniel S.","email":"dscheirer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Page, William R. 0000-0002-0722-9911 rpage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0722-9911","contributorId":1628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"William","email":"rpage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, John J. 0000-0002-9098-0967 jmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-0967","contributorId":3785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"John","email":"jmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179065,"text":"70179065 - 2006 - Forecasting runout of rock and debris avalanches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T13:31:46","indexId":"70179065","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Forecasting runout of rock and debris avalanches","docAbstract":"Physically based mathematical models and statistically based empirical equations each may provide useful means of forecasting runout of rock and debris avalanches. This paper compares the foundations, strengths, and limitations of a physically based model and a statistically based forecasting method, both of which were developed to predict runout across three-dimensional topography. The chief advantage of the physically based model results from its ties to physical conservation laws and well-tested axioms of soil and rock mechanics, such as the Coulomb friction rule and effective-stress principle. The output of this model provides detailed information about the dynamics of avalanche runout, at the expense of high demands for accurate input data, numerical computation, and experimental testing. In comparison, the statistical method requires relatively modest computation and no input data except identification of prospective avalanche source areas and a range of postulated avalanche volumes. Like the physically based model, the statistical method yields maps of predicted runout, but it provides no information on runout dynamics. Although the two methods differ significantly in their structure and objectives, insights gained from one method can aid refinement of the other.
","largerWorkTitle":"Landslides from Massive Rock Slope Failure. NATO Science Series, vol 49","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4020-4037-5_11","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., 2006, Forecasting runout of rock and debris avalanches, in Landslides from Massive Rock Slope Failure. NATO Science Series, vol 49, p. 197-209, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4037-5_11.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"209","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332127,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585268e4e4b0e2663625ec9a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Evans, S.G.","contributorId":177469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655908,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mugnozza, G.S.","contributorId":177470,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mugnozza","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655909,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strom, A.","contributorId":177471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strom","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655910,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hermanns, R.L.","contributorId":177472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hermanns","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655911,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79598,"text":"sir20065251 - 2006 - Occurrence and transport of agricultural chemicals in Leary Weber Ditch Basin, Hancock County, Indiana, 2003-04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T16:09:19","indexId":"sir20065251","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5251","title":"Occurrence and transport of agricultural chemicals in Leary Weber Ditch Basin, Hancock County, Indiana, 2003-04","docAbstract":"Leary Weber Ditch Basin, Hancock County, Indiana, is one of seven first-order basins selected from across the United States as part of the Agricultural Chemicals: Source, Transport, and Fate study conducted by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. The nationwide study was designed to increase the understanding of the links between the sources of water and agricultural chemicals (nutrients and pesticides) and the transport and fate of these chemicals through the environment. Agricultural chemicals were detected in Leary Weber Ditch and in every associated hydrologic compartment sampled during 2003 and 2004. Pesticides were detected more frequently in samples collected from overland flow and from the ditch itself and less frequently in ground-water samples. The lowest concentrations of pesticides and nutrients were detected in samples of rain, soil water, and ground water. The highest concentrations of pesticides and nutrients were detected in samples of tile-drain water, overland flow, and water from Leary Weber Ditch. Samples collected from the tile drain, overland flow and Leary Weber Ditch soon after chemical applications to the fields and coincident with rainfall and increased streamflow had higher concentrations of pesticides and nutrients than samples collected a longer time after the chemicals were applied. A mass-balance mixing analysis based on potassium concentrations indicated that tile drains are the primary contributor of water to Leary Weber Ditch, but overland flow is also an important contributor during periods of high-intensity rainfall. When maximum rainfall intensity was 0.5 inches per hour or lower, overland flow contributed about 10 percent and tile drains contributed about 90 percent of the flow to Leary Weber Ditch. When maximum rainfall intensity was 0.75 inches per hour or greater, overland flow contributed about 40 percent and tile drains contributed about 60 percent of the flow to the ditch. Ground-water flow to Leary Weber Ditch was negligible. Tile drains are an important agricultural-chemical transport path to Leary Weber Ditch, based on the hydrologic contributions of overland flow and tile drains to the ditch. Overland flow is also an important agricultural-chemical transport pathway during high-intensity rainfall; however, storms with high-intensity rainfall are sporadic throughout the year. Tile drains and the soil water moving to the tile drains are the primary transport pathway for agricultural-chemical transport to Leary Weber Ditch during most storms as well as between storms.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065251","usgsCitation":"Baker, N.T., Stone, W.W., Wilson, J.T., and Meyer, M.T., 2006, Occurrence and transport of agricultural chemicals in Leary Weber Ditch Basin, Hancock County, Indiana, 2003-04: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5251, vi, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065251.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321219,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20065251.GIF"},{"id":9219,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5251/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Hancock","otherGeospatial":"Leary Weber Ditch Basin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"724\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Hancock\",\"state\":\"IN\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.5774,39.9459],[-85.5759,39.8738],[-85.5969,39.8735],[-85.5968,39.786],[-85.6333,39.7862],[-85.6338,39.6987],[-85.6876,39.6987],[-85.7993,39.6993],[-85.913,39.6976],[-85.9518,39.6969],[-85.9541,39.8696],[-85.9379,39.87],[-85.9369,39.9272],[-85.8625,39.9286],[-85.8624,39.9436],[-85.5774,39.9459]]]}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a624c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, Nancy T. 0000-0002-7979-5744 ntbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7979-5744","contributorId":1955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Nancy","email":"ntbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Wesley W. 0000-0003-0239-2063 wwstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-2063","contributorId":1496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Wesley","email":"wwstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, John T. 0000-0001-6752-4069 jtwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6752-4069","contributorId":1954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"John","email":"jtwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79593,"text":"ds235 - 2006 - Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, 2006: Quality-assurance data and comparison to water-quality standards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-13T15:06:37.222453","indexId":"ds235","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"235","title":"Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, 2006: Quality-assurance data and comparison to water-quality standards","docAbstract":"When water is released through the spillways of dams, air is entrained in the water, increasing the downstream concentration of dissolved gases. Excess dissolved-gas concentrations can have ad-verse effects on freshwater aquatic life. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, collected dissolved-gas concentration and water-temperature data at eight stations on the lower Columbia River in 2006. Significant findings from the data include:
\nThe Snow Camp-Saxapahaw study area, in the Carolina slate belt in the Southeastern United States, is notable for large zones of high-sulfidation alteration in arc-related metavolcanic rocks. The area has potential for additional significant pyrophyllite and related aluminosilicate refractory mineral deposits and may have potential for small- to medium-size gold deposits also associated with the high-sulfidation hydrothermal systems. The Carolina slate belt is an elongate zone of mostly low-grade metamorphic rocks of Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic age that extends from northeastern Georgia to southern Virginia. It is dominated by volcanic rocks but locally consists of fine-grained epiclastic sedimentary rocks. Plutons and subvolcanic bodies have intruded the rocks of the Carolina slate belt in many places and have been important in controlling the metamorphism and in localizing hydrothermal alteration. The Snow Camp-Saxapahaw area is mostly underlain by volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks and lesser amounts of intrusive shallow plutons. The volcanic rocks range in composition from basalt to rhyolite; however andesites, dacites, and rhyodacites are the most abundant. The intrusive bodies are largely granite and quartz monzonite; gabbroic bodies also are common. It was possible to establish the relative ages of only part of these rocks. Two northeast-trending fault zones and fractures divide the map area into three structural blocks; the central block was tilted down to the southwest to form a grabenlike structure. Most of the hydrothermally altered rocks and all of the intensely altered zones are confined to the downdropped block, which we think may have been calderalike in origin. A major volcanic unit, the Reedy Branch Tuff, is limited to the southwestern part of the graben and may be the youngest volcanic rock in the area. Layered rocks record one or more strong folding events, but the diversity of rock types, lack of recognizable stratigraphic markers, and uneven distribution of outcrops prevented comprehensive structural studies. Except for a few late plutons and dikes, all of the rocks of the area have been metamorphosed in middle to upper greenschist facies, and contact aureoles were recognized around some of the plutons. Several relatively small bodies of granitic rock contain plagioclase grains in which primary oscillatory zoning was unaffected by metamorphism. These were interpreted to be post-metamorphic. We think that there were three separate stages of hydrothermal alteration in the complex volcanic terrane in the area. The oldest, an area of at least 8.5 square miles (22 square kilometers), was subjected to an intense hydrothermal alteration, ranging from peripheral zones of quartz-sericite-paragonite through a patchy marginal zone of pyrophyllite, andalusite, and other high-alumina minerals, to almost totally silicified core zones. The second event resulted in large areas of weak to moderate sericitic and propylitic alteration recognizable only in the Reedy Branch Tuff. The last event was related to post-metamorphic plutons. All of the pyrophyllite-andalusite deposits and perhaps most of the gold and silver mineralization can be related to the first period of hydrothermal alteration. The subsequent metamorphism did not produce significant changes in mineral species in the zones of most intense hydrothermal alteration. Gold- and silver-bearing sulfide minerals in fracture zones along the southeastern margin of the graben may also have been deposited during this earliest alteration stage. No metallic mineralization appears to have occurred during the second event. A group of molybdenum-bearing greisenlike bodies formed during the emplacement of the youngest plutons during the post-metamorphic event. One gold-bearing sulfide zone occurs in the exocontact of one such porphyritic stock.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061259","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, R.G., Gumiel, P., and Payas, A., 2006, Geology and mineral deposits of the Snow Camp-Saxapahaw area, central North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1259, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061259.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9212,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1259/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":398767,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_80583.htm"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Snow Camp-Saxapahaw area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.4647,\n 35.8069\n ],\n [\n -79.28,\n 35.8069\n ],\n [\n -79.28,\n 35.9486\n ],\n [\n -79.4647,\n 35.9486\n ],\n [\n -79.4647,\n 35.8069\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68646e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Robert G.","contributorId":19243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gumiel, Pablo","contributorId":78803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gumiel","given":"Pablo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Payas, Alba","contributorId":8553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payas","given":"Alba","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79588,"text":"sir20065261 - 2006 - Arsenic, Boron, and Fluoride Concentrations in Ground Water in and Near Diabase Intrusions, Newark Basin, Southeastern Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-12T13:49:39","indexId":"sir20065261","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5261","title":"Arsenic, Boron, and Fluoride Concentrations in Ground Water in and Near Diabase Intrusions, Newark Basin, Southeastern Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"During an investigation in 2000 by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) of possible contaminant releases from an industrial facility on Congo Road near Gilbertsville in Berks and Montgomery Counties, southeastern Pennsylvania, concentrations of arsenic and fluoride above USEPA drinking-water standards of 10 ?g/L and 4 mg/L, respectively, and of boron above the USEPA health advisory level of 600 ?g/L were measured in ground water in an area along the northwestern edge of the Newark Basin. In 2003, the USEPA requested technical assistance from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to help identify sources of arsenic, boron, and fluoride in the ground water in the Congo Road area, which included possible anthropogenic releases and naturally occurring mineralization in the local bedrock aquifer, and to identify other areas in the Newark Basin of southeastern Pennsylvania with similarly elevated concentrations of these constituents. The USGS reviewed available data and collected additional ground-water samples in the Congo Road area and four similar hydrogeologic settings. \r\n\r\nThe Newark Basin is the largest of the 13 major exposed Mesozoic rift basins that stretch from Nova Scotia to South Carolina. Rocks in the Newark Basin include Triassic through Jurassic-age sedimentary sequences of sandstones and shales that were intruded by diabase. Mineral deposits of hydrothermal origin are associated with alteration zones bordering intrusions of diabase and also occur as strata-bound replacement deposits of copper and zinc in sedimentary rocks. \r\n\r\nThe USGS review of data available in 2003 showed that water from about 10 percent of wells throughout the Newark Basin of southeastern Pennsylvania had concentrations of arsenic greater than the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 ?g/L; the highest reported arsenic concentration was at about 70 ?g/L. Few data on boron were available, and the highest reported boron concentration in well-water samples was 60 ?g/L in contrast to concentrations over 5,000 ?g/L in the Congo Road area. Although concentrations of fluoride up to 4 mg/L were reported for a few well-water samples collected throughout the Newark Basin, about 90 percent of the samples had concentrations of 0.5 mg/L or less. \r\n\r\nThe USGS sampled 58 wells primarily in 5 areas in the Newark Basin, southeastern Pennsylvania, from February 2004 through April 2005 to identify other possible areas of elevated arsenic, boron, and fluoride and to characterize the geochemical environment associated with elevated concentrations of these constituents. Sampled wells included 12 monitor wells at an industrial facility near Congo Road, 45 private-supply wells in Berks, Montgomery, and Bucks Counties, and 1 private-supply well near Dillsburg, York County, an area where elevated fluoride in ground water had been reported in the adjacent Gettysburg Basin. Wells were sampled in transects from the diabase through the adjacent hornfels and into the unaltered shales of the Brunswick Group. Field measurements were made of pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, and specific conductance. Samples were analyzed in the laboratory for major ions, nutrients, total organic carbon, dissolved and total concentrations of selected trace elements, and boron isotopic composition. \r\n\r\nGenerally, the ground water from the 46 private-supply wells had relatively neutral to alkaline pH (ranging from 6.1 to 9.1) and moderate concentrations of dissolved oxygen. Most water samples were of the calcium-bicarbonate type. Concentrations of arsenic up to 60 ?g/L, boron up to 3,950 ?g/L, and fluoride up to 0.70 mg/L were measured. Drinking-water standards or health advisories (for constituents that do not have standards established) were exceeded most frequently (about 20 percent of samples) for arsenic and boron and less frequently (6 percent or less of samples) for total iron, manganese, sulfate, nitrate, lead, molybdenum, and strontium. In water from 12 monitor","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065261","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Senior, L.A., and Sloto, R.A., 2006, Arsenic, Boron, and Fluoride Concentrations in Ground Water in and Near Diabase Intrusions, Newark Basin, Southeastern Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5261, x, 105 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065261.","productDescription":"x, 105 p.","numberOfPages":"115","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9207,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5261/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.0,40.0 ], [ -76.0,41.0 ], [ -74.30,41.0 ], [ -74.30,40.0 ], [ -76.0,40.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db672ce7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senior, Lisa A. 0000-0003-2629-1996 lasenior@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2629-1996","contributorId":2150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senior","given":"Lisa","email":"lasenior@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sloto, Ronald A. rasloto@usgs.gov","contributorId":424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"Ronald","email":"rasloto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79581,"text":"tm4A7 - 2006 - Kendall-Theil Robust Line (KTRLine--version 1.0)-A Visual Basic Program for Calculating and Graphing Robust Nonparametric Estimates of Linear-Regression Coefficients Between Two Continuous Variables","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:23","indexId":"tm4A7","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"4-A7","title":"Kendall-Theil Robust Line (KTRLine--version 1.0)-A Visual Basic Program for Calculating and Graphing Robust Nonparametric Estimates of Linear-Regression Coefficients Between Two Continuous Variables","docAbstract":"The Kendall-Theil Robust Line software (KTRLine-version 1.0) is a Visual Basic program that may be used with the Microsoft Windows operating system to calculate parameters for robust, nonparametric estimates of linear-regression coefficients between two continuous variables. The KTRLine software was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration, for use in stochastic data modeling with local, regional, and national hydrologic data sets to develop planning-level estimates of potential effects of highway runoff on the quality of receiving waters. The Kendall-Theil robust line was selected because this robust nonparametric method is resistant to the effects of outliers and nonnormality in residuals that commonly characterize hydrologic data sets. The slope of the line is calculated as the median of all possible pairwise slopes between points. The intercept is calculated so that the line will run through the median of input data. A single-line model or a multisegment model may be specified. \r\n\r\nThe program was developed to provide regression equations with an error component for stochastic data generation because nonparametric multisegment regression tools are not available with the software that is commonly used to develop regression models. The Kendall-Theil robust line is a median line and, therefore, may underestimate total mass, volume, or loads unless the error component or a bias correction factor is incorporated into the estimate. Regression statistics such as the median error, the median absolute deviation, the prediction error sum of squares, the root mean square error, the confidence interval for the slope, and the bias correction factor for median estimates are calculated by use of nonparametric methods. These statistics, however, may be used to formulate estimates of mass, volume, or total loads.\r\n\r\nThe program is used to read a two- or three-column tab-delimited input file with variable names in the first row and data in subsequent rows. The user may choose the columns that contain the independent (X) and dependent (Y) variable. A third column, if present, may contain metadata such as the sample-collection location and date. The program screens the input files and plots the data. The KTRLine software is a graphical tool that facilitates development of regression models by use of graphs of the regression line with data, the regression residuals (with X or Y), and percentile plots of the cumulative frequency of the X variable, Y variable, and the regression residuals. The user may individually transform the independent and dependent variables to reduce heteroscedasticity and to linearize data. The program plots the data and the regression line. The program also prints model specifications and regression statistics to the screen. The user may save and print the regression results. The program can accept data sets that contain up to about 15,000 XY data points, but because the program must sort the array of all pairwise slopes, the program may be perceptibly slow with data sets that contain more than about 1,000 points.\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/tm4A7","collaboration":"Chapter 7\r\nSection A, Statistical Analysis,\r\nBook 4, Hydrologic Analysis and Interpretation\r\n\r\nPrepared in cooperation with the\r\nU.S. Department of Transportation\r\nFederal Highway Administration\r\nOffice of Natural and Human Environment ","usgsCitation":"Granato, G., 2006, Kendall-Theil Robust Line (KTRLine--version 1.0)-A Visual Basic Program for Calculating and Graphing Robust Nonparametric Estimates of Linear-Regression Coefficients Between Two Continuous Variables: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 4-A7, vi, 31 p.; software program, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm4A7.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.; software program","numberOfPages":"37","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438860,"rank":101,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F76972RX","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"KTRLine: Kendall-Theil Robust Line software support page"},{"id":194920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9200,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2006/tm4a7/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4830","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Granato, Gregory E. 0000-0002-2561-9913 ggranato@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-9913","contributorId":1692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"Gregory E.","email":"ggranato@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79582,"text":"tm10C5 - 2006 - Determination of the δ15N and δ13C of total nitrogen and carbon in solids; RSIL lab code 1832","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-18T17:16:41","indexId":"tm10C5","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"10-C5","title":"Determination of the δ15N and δ13C of total nitrogen and carbon in solids; RSIL lab code 1832","docAbstract":"The purpose of the Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory (RSIL) lab code 1832 is to determine the δ(15N/14N), abbreviated as δ15N, and the δ(13C/12C), abbreviated as δ13C, of total nitrogen and carbon in a solid sample. A Carlo Erba NC 2500 elemental analyzer (EA) is used to convert total nitrogen and carbon in a solid sample into N2 and CO2 gas. The EA is connected to a continuous flow isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (CF-IRMS), which determines the relative difference in stable nitrogen isotope-amount ratio (15N/14N) of the product N2 gas and the relative difference in stable carbon isotope-amount ratio (13C/12C) of the product CO2 gas. The combustion is quantitative; no isotopic fractionation is involved. Samples are placed in tin capsules and loaded into a Costech Zero Blank Autosampler on the EA. Under computer control, samples then are dropped into a heated reaction tube that contains an oxidant, where combustion takes place in a helium atmosphere containing an excess of oxygen gas. Combustion products are transported by a helium carrier through a reduction furnace to remove excess oxygen and to convert all nitrous oxides into N2 and through a drying tube to remove water. The gas-phase products, mainly CO2 and N2, are separated by a gas chromatograph. The gas is then introduced into the IRMS through a Finnigan MAT (now Thermo Scientific) ConFlo II interface. The Finnigan MAT ConFlo II interface is used for introducing not only sample into the IRMS but also N2 and CO2 reference gases and helium for sample dilution. The flash combustion is quantitative; no isotopic fractionation is involved. The IRMS is a Thermo Scientific Delta V CF-IRMS. It has a universal triple collector, two wide cups with a narrow cup in the middle; it is capable of measuring mass/charge (m/z) 28, 29, 30 or with a magnet current change 44, 45, 46, simultaneously. The ion beams from these m/z values are as follows: m/z 28 = N2 = 14N/14N; m/z 29 = N2 = 14N/15N primarily; m/z 30 = NO = 14N/16O primarily, which is a sign of contamination or incomplete reduction; m/z 44 = CO2 = 12C16O16O; m/z 45 = CO2 = 13C16O16O primarily; and m/z 46 = CO2 = 12C16O18O primarily.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chapter 5 of Book 10, Methods of the Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory, Section C, Stable Isotope-Ratio Methods","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm10C5","usgsCitation":"Revesz, K., Qi, H., and Coplan, T.B., 2006, Determination of the δ15N and δ13C of total nitrogen and carbon in solids; RSIL lab code 1832 (Version 1.0 - 2006, Version 1.1 - 2007, Version 1.2 - September 2012): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 10-C5, viii, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm10C5.","productDescription":"viii, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":543,"text":"Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_10_C5.gif"},{"id":9201,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2006/tm10c5/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261903,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2006/tm10c5/tm10c5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0 - 2006, Version 1.1 - 2007, Version 1.2 - September 2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6674ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Revesz, Kinga","contributorId":64285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revesz","given":"Kinga","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coplan, Tyler B.","contributorId":25656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplan","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79583,"text":"tm4B4 - 2006 - User's manual for Program PeakFQ, annual flood-frequency analysis using Bulletin 17B guidelines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-07T14:14:54.157507","indexId":"tm4B4","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"4-B4","title":"User's manual for Program PeakFQ, annual flood-frequency analysis using Bulletin 17B guidelines","docAbstract":"Estimates of flood flows having given recurrence intervals or probabilities of exceedance are needed for design of hydraulic structures and floodplain management. 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These six sites create transects up three river systems that are part of the complex network of channels and bays that form the mangrove and coastal glades – Lostmans River system, Harney River system, and Shark River system. The three transects are linked to two cores collected in 2004 from Big Lostmans Bay and Tarpon Bay. A preliminary model of changes in flow through the southwest coastal zone is proposed based on an examination of the sediments and an initial assessment of key indicator species of mollusks within the cores. Throughout the time period recorded by deposition of these cores, flow to the southwest coastal area has been predominantly through the Shark River channels, diminishing to the north toward the Lostmans River system. The Lostmans system was less influenced by freshwater flow and more emergent than the two systems to the south. Freshwater flow has periodically reached the mouths of the Harney and Shark River systems, but these areas have persistently been zones of mixed estuarine environments, typical of transition zones. Evidence for a substantial change in the flow regime is found in the mid-system cores from the Harney and Shark Rivers. The lower portions of both cores were deposited in freshwater environments, with no indication of estuarine influence; however, a shift towards more estuarine conditions occurs in the upper portions of the cores and a loss of the larger freshwater fauna. These results are preliminary. The next step will be to develop age models and to conduct quantitative analyses of the fauna, flora, and sediment geochemistry at these sites. Results of the quantitative analyses will provide information on the natural and anthropogenic changes that have occurred in the southwest coastal system that will allow resource managers to set targets for restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061271","usgsCitation":"Descriptions and Preliminary Report on Sediment Cores from the Southwest Coastal Area, Part II: Collected July 2005, Everglades National Park, Florida; 2006; OFR; 2006-1271; Wingard, G. Lynn; Budet, Carlos A.; Ortiz, Ruth E.; Hudley, Joel; Murray, James B.","productDescription":"33 p.","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":362547,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/preview/ofr20051360","text":"Open-File Report 2005-1360","linkHelpText":"- Descriptions and Preliminary Report on Sediment Cores from the Southwest Coastal Area, Everglades National Park, Florida"},{"id":362546,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1271/ofr20061271.pdf","text":"Report","size":"67.5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2006-1271"},{"id":191455,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1271/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.31089678655033,\n 25.805615345913836\n ],\n [\n -81.31089678655033,\n 25.120280550494044\n ],\n [\n -80.43083859375446,\n 25.120280550494044\n ],\n [\n -80.43083859375446,\n 25.805615345913836\n ],\n [\n -81.31089678655033,\n 25.805615345913836\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701