No abstract available.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82dece4b03fd6b7da3a32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011097,"text":"70011097 - 1974 - Meteoric water in magmas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-22T23:24:03.327636","indexId":"70011097","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Meteoric water in magmas","docAbstract":"Oxygen isotope analyses of sanidine phenocrysts from rhyolitic sequences in Nevada, Colorado, and the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field show that δ18O decreased in these magmas as a function of time. This decrease in δ18O may have been caused by isotopic exchange between the magma and groundwater low in 18O. For the Yellowstone Plateau rhyolites, 7000 cubic kilometers of magma could decrease in δ18O by 2 per mil in 600,000 years by reacting with water equivalent to 3 millimeters of precipitation per year, which is only 0.3 percent of the present annual precipitation in this region. The possibility of reaction between large magmatic bodies and meteoric water at liquidus temperatures has major implications in the possible differentiation history of the magma and in the generation of ore deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.184.4141.1069","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Friedman, I., Lipman, P.W., Obradovich, J.D., Gleason, J., and Christiansen, R., 1974, Meteoric water in magmas: Science, v. 184, no. 4141, p. 1069-1072, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.184.4141.1069.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1069","endPage":"1072","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Nevada, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.23999132013498,\n 45.935773758631285\n ],\n [\n -124.60793917262012,\n 42.266999426720005\n ],\n [\n -119.86043547304212,\n 42.18852352976382\n ],\n [\n -119.8492859795918,\n 38.98572686499257\n ],\n [\n -114.49187923620231,\n 34.91906133553974\n ],\n [\n -114.00849170821404,\n 41.77835564058566\n ],\n [\n -116.71273433742026,\n 42.16814937162346\n ],\n [\n -116.70389621084311,\n 44.13504673205051\n ],\n [\n -116.19727117082506,\n 45.880401950645734\n ],\n [\n -124.23999132013498,\n 45.935773758631285\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.10277921821981,\n 45.01547774018505\n ],\n [\n -111.10277921821981,\n 43.10666268509371\n ],\n [\n -108.92492441836777,\n 43.10666268509371\n ],\n [\n -108.92492441836777,\n 45.01547774018505\n ],\n [\n -111.10277921821981,\n 45.01547774018505\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"184","issue":"4141","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5510e4b0c8380cd6d0fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, I.","contributorId":95596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lipman, P. W.","contributorId":93470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"P.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Obradovich, J. D.","contributorId":48966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obradovich","given":"J.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gleason, J.D.","contributorId":27072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christiansen, R.L. 0000-0002-8017-3918","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-3918","contributorId":25565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70047583,"text":"70047583 - 1974 - Preliminary report on geology along Atlantic continental margin of northeastern United States","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":17559,"text":"ofr73191 - 1973 - Preliminary report on the geology along the Atlantic Continental margin of the northeastern United States","indexId":"ofr73191","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary report on the geology along the Atlantic Continental margin of the northeastern United States"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047583,"text":"70047583 - 1974 - Preliminary report on geology along Atlantic continental margin of northeastern United States","indexId":"70047583","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary report on geology along Atlantic continental margin of northeastern United States"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-25T17:02:42.071905","indexId":"70047583","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-01T15:39:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary report on geology along Atlantic continental margin of northeastern United States","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a geologic and geophysical study of the northeastern United States outer continental shelf and the adjacent slope from Georges Bank to Cape Hatteras. The study also includes the adjacent coastal plain because it is a more accessible extension of the shelf. The total study area is about 324,000 sq km, of which the shelf and slope constitute about 181,000 sq km and the coastal plain constitutes 143,000 sq km. The shelf width ranges from about 30 km at Cape Hatteras to about 195 km off Raritan Bay and on Georges Bank. Analyses of bottom samples make if possible to construct a preliminary geologic map of the shelf and slope to a water depth of 2,000 m. The oldest beds cropping out in the submarine canyons and on the slope are of early Late Cretaceous age. Beds of Early Cretaceous and Jurassic age are present in deep wells onshore and probably are present beneath the shelf in the area of this study. Such beds are reported beneath the Scotian shelf on the northeast where they include limestone, salt, and anhydrite. Preliminary conclusions suggest a considerably thicker Mesozoic sedimentary sequence than has been described previously. The region is large; the sedimentary wedge is thick; structures seem favorable; and the hydrocarbon potential may be considerable.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/83D9163C-16C7-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Minard, J.P., Perry, W.J., Weed, E.G., Rhodehamel, E., Robbins, E.I., and Mixon, R.B., 1974, Preliminary report on geology along Atlantic continental margin of northeastern United States: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 58, no. 6, p. 1169-1178, https://doi.org/10.1306/83D9163C-16C7-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1169","endPage":"1178","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":276554,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic continental margin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.98837832966728,\n 34.812181314867246\n ],\n [\n -74.00721595053707,\n 34.747145614653704\n ],\n [\n -67.01182798064679,\n 40.574291170461464\n ],\n [\n -70.46054215433553,\n 41.726809748008094\n ],\n [\n -73.74976919871233,\n 40.72629404099882\n ],\n [\n -75.5615838343083,\n 38.28044893285855\n ],\n [\n -76.29904069823598,\n 36.46920899694598\n ],\n [\n -76.01650388398812,\n 34.7425665714845\n ],\n [\n -75.98837832966728,\n 34.812181314867246\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520a03f7e4b0026c2bc11c56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minard, J. P.","contributorId":8065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minard","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, W. J.","contributorId":24752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weed, Elaine G. A.","contributorId":91496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weed","given":"Elaine","email":"","middleInitial":"G. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rhodehamel, E. C.","contributorId":91517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhodehamel","given":"E. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robbins, E. I.","contributorId":101269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mixon, R. B.","contributorId":11235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mixon","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70246986,"text":"70246986 - 1974 - Changes in oxygen and primary production of the Patuxent estuary, Maryland, 1963 through 1969","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-20T16:18:38.375696","indexId":"70246986","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-01T11:09:21","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1228,"text":"Chesapeake Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in oxygen and primary production of the Patuxent estuary, Maryland, 1963 through 1969","docAbstract":"From 1963 through 1969, the U.S. Geological Survey operated a water-quality monitor system in the upper-middle Patuxent estuary, near Benedict, Maryland. Over the period of record, a pronounced change occurred in the diel (24 hr.) oxygen measurement, particularly during the months of July, August, and September. Annual variations of dissolved oxygen ranged from 3.6 to 15.0 mg liter−1 in 1964 and from 2.3 to 16.5 mg liter−1 in 1969 with percentage saturation varying from 60 to 130 percent in 1964 and from 30 to 184 percent in 1969. The magnitude of diel summer oxygen variation changed from about 3 to 7 mg liter−1 day−1 over the same period.
From hourly values of temperature, oxygen, and conductivity, gross primary production (GP) and respiration (R) were estimated. Data representing greatest daily change for spring, summer, and autumn of each year and “average” values for each month of years 1964 and 1969 were analyzed for GP and R. From the seasonal data, GP ranged from about 3 to 25 g O2 m−2 day−1, and R ranged from about 4 to 32 g O2m−2 day−1. From the “average” days, GP ranged from 2 to 10 g O2m−2 day−1 in 1964 and from 1 to 16 in 1969. In 1964, daily average GP was 5.2 g O2m−2 day−1 as compared to 6.1 in 1969, and respiration was 6.1 g O2m−2 day−1 in 1964 versus 10.2 g O2m−2 day−1 in 1969, increases of 20 and 16 percent, respectively. Ratios of GP/R averaged 0.84 in 1964 versus 0.60 in 1969, reflecting a larger respiration in 1969 and suggesting a trend towards community instability.
Productivity estimates by other investigators showed a two-to threefold increase in production over the same period of time. The increases in production were attributed to upstream domestic waste loading. If the present trend increases, metabolic imbalance and anaerobic conditions may develop.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.2307/1351265","usgsCitation":"Cory, R.L., 1974, Changes in oxygen and primary production of the Patuxent estuary, Maryland, 1963 through 1969: Chesapeake Science, v. 15, p. 78-83, https://doi.org/10.2307/1351265.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"83","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419190,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Patuxent estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.42098575358602,\n 38.32186234744975\n ],\n [\n -76.51137745504842,\n 38.42440915694752\n ],\n [\n -76.61134004254791,\n 38.49602219424773\n ],\n [\n -76.63904898062022,\n 38.92978259156996\n ],\n [\n -76.75732875538374,\n 38.91686809103828\n ],\n [\n -76.69545919721367,\n 38.416077445984826\n ],\n [\n -76.53796324959583,\n 38.35606076419032\n ],\n [\n -76.47096704733552,\n 38.29098650590859\n ],\n [\n -76.42098575358602,\n 38.32186234744975\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cory, R. L.","contributorId":49456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cory","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70247306,"text":"70247306 - 1974 - Channel changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-27T15:08:32.887753","indexId":"70247306","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-01T10:06:33","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Channel changes","docAbstract":"Environmental impacts may alter the quantities of water and sediment carried in a stream and thus may increase or diminish naturally occurring rates of channel changes and the pre-impact frequency of flows. Repetitive cross-channel surveys to determine changes in channel size or location are a measure of the response of stream to environmental impact and may provide data necessary before corrective measures can be taken to minimize the effects of the impact. One effect on stream channels from the impact of urbanization can be shown, by example from one stream, to be a loss in channel size due to deposition of sediment. After 17 years of urbanization encroaching on the area, the channel was only 66 percent of the size it was at the beginning of that period.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1974)2%3C271:CC%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Emmett, W.W., 1974, Channel changes: Geology, v. 2, no. 6, p. 271-272, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1974)2%3C271:CC%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"272","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419372,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emmett, William W.","contributorId":68715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmett","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70209867,"text":"70209867 - 1974 - Spring mudflows at Wrightwood, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-01T18:55:38.057009","indexId":"70209867","displayToPublicDate":"1974-05-01T13:36:48","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5950,"text":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spring mudflows at Wrightwood, Southern California","docAbstract":"The Wrightwood area in the San Gabriel Mountains of southern California is known as a site of recurring mudflow activity. The community of Wrightwood is built on the coalesced fans of Sheep, Acorn and Heath Creeks, and the fan deposits are probably chiefly of mudflow origin. Historically, mudflows there have been observed in association with three climatic conditions: (1) short period of high-intensity rainfall during the summer dry season (thunderstorms); (2) periods of heavy rainfall during the October-March winter season, when most of the year's rain and snow fall; and (3) thaw of the winter snow pack. The mudflow activity associated with heavy rainfall has generally been of only a few hours or at most a few days duration. Mudflow activity associated with spring thaw has been of longer duration, as much as several weeks. At various times in the past, mudflows generated by all three conditions have inundated homes and highways in the Wrightwood area, which is now defended by a flood control levee system.
During May and June, 1969 the rapid melting of a heavy snow pack resulted in a 40-day period of mudflow activity in Heath Creek. All flows originated in the steep upper reaches of Heath Creek, where steep ravines are incised in the toe of a large active landslide. Direct observation by the authors showed that flows formed when small masses of debris fell or slid from the surface of the landslide mass into the steep channel. Some of the masses were fluid enough to continue downstream without interruption; others stopped in the channel until remobilized by added melt water or the passage of a mudflow from a higher altitude. Both processes resulted in discrete ‘slugs’ which continued down the steep ravine, through an allu-viated canyon, to a fan where most of the debris was deposited.
The activity may be described as a spring mudflow cycle, within which three stages were observed in a gradational sequence. A waxing stage began with sporadic short-duration mudflows, during which the lower alluviated canyon floor of Heath Creek was aggraded. A climactic stage of larger mudflows at more frequent intervals and of longer duration was characterized by the incision of a single, narrow, U-shaped channel in the alluviated canyon floor, and transportation of debris as much as 2 miles (3.2 km) from the source. A waning stage followed as meltwater supply decreased; short-duration flows backfilled the U-shaped channel and spilled over the banks, again aggrading the alluviated canyon floor.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society Publishing House","doi":"10.1144/GSL.QJEG.1974.007.04.09","usgsCitation":"Morton, D.M., and Campbell, R.H., 1974, Spring mudflows at Wrightwood, Southern California: Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, v. 7, no. 4, p. 377-384, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.QJEG.1974.007.04.09.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"384","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374433,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Wrightwood","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.69927978515624,\n 34.31168124115256\n ],\n [\n -117.5537109375,\n 34.31168124115256\n ],\n [\n -117.5537109375,\n 34.40464357107094\n ],\n [\n -117.69927978515624,\n 34.40464357107094\n ],\n [\n -117.69927978515624,\n 34.31168124115256\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, D. M.","contributorId":54608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, R. H.","contributorId":52160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70007025,"text":"70007025 - 1974 - Toxicity of formalin, malachite green, and the mixture to four life stages of rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-06T01:02:24","indexId":"70007025","displayToPublicDate":"1974-05-01T13:18:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Toxicity of formalin, malachite green, and the mixture to four life stages of rainbow trout","docAbstract":"Formalin, malachite green, or a mixture of them are utilized in fish culture for control of external parasites of fish and control of fungus on fish and fish eggs. Very little information is available concerning the toxicity of these compounds to fish under laboratory test conditions or the differences in sensitivity to these chemicals at various life stages. This study was designed to 1) determine the toxicity of formalin, malachite green and the mixture to four life stages of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) under various laboratory test conditions, 2) determine the degradation of formalin and malachite green in water, 3) determine the effect of additive toxicity, and 4) determine the differences in sensitivity of two different lots of eggs to the chemicals. The 96-hour LC50 (lethal concentration required to produce 50% mortality) for formalin against rainbow trout in soft water ranged from 580 micrograms/liter for the eyed egg stage to 134 micrograms/liter for the fingerling stage. The 96-hour LC50 for malachite green against rainbow trout in soft water ranged from 2.00 mg/L for the eyed egg stage to 0.0224 mg/L for the fingerling stage. The additive indices for formalin and malachite green when applied in combination show strictly additive toxicity as the ranges overlap zero in all tests. Deactivation indices for formalin and malachite green show essentially no change in toxicity of the solutions to rainbow trout when aged for periods of 1, 2, and 3 weeks.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin-La Crosse","publisherLocation":"La Crosse, WI","collaboration":"Submitted for a Master of Science in Biology","usgsCitation":"Bills, T.D., Advised by: Hosler, C.F., Cumming, K.B., Nord, R.P., and Senff, R.E., 1974, Toxicity of formalin, malachite green, and the mixture to four life stages of rainbow trout, 41 p.","productDescription":"41 p.","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":260181,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/48163","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb600e4b08c986b3269d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bills, Terry D.","contributorId":30939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Advised by: Hosler, Charles F. Jr.","contributorId":66531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Advised by: Hosler","given":"Charles","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cumming, Kenneth B.","contributorId":24309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cumming","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nord, Richard P.","contributorId":19021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nord","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Senff, Robert E.","contributorId":23802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senff","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70232452,"text":"70232452 - 1974 - Occurrence of dissolved organic carbon in selected ground-water samples in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-01T16:50:55.1728","indexId":"70232452","displayToPublicDate":"1974-05-01T11:45:54","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of dissolved organic carbon in selected ground-water samples in the United States","docAbstract":"A study of nonvolatile DOC (dissolved organic carbon) in ground water was conducted to establish base levels of naturally occurring dissolved organic materials. Samples of ground water were obtained at 100 sites in 27 States. Samples were pressure filtered at the time of collection and immediately frozen on dry ice. DOC concentrations were determined by wet oxidation of organic carbon to carbon dioxide which was measured by an infrared analyzer. The DOC concentrations ranged from less than the 0.1 mg/l limit of detection to 15 mg/l. Concentrations of DOC were directly correlated with specific conductance and alkalinity, but did not correlate with pH. The DOC mean concentration was 1.2 mg/l; however, the DOC median value was lower at 0.7 mg/l. Differences in DOC concentration for various types of consolidated rock aquifers were slight; for example, median DOC values for sandstone, limestone, and crystalline rock aquifer types ranged from 0.5 to 0.7 mg/l. No difference was found in the median DOC concentration between shallow (<200 ft; 61 m) and deep (>200 ft) sand and gravel aquifers.
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A.","contributorId":195371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malcolm, Ronald L.","contributorId":46075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malcolm","given":"Ronald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKinley, P. W.","contributorId":16414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKinley","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eccles, Lawrence A.","contributorId":90274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eccles","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70247400,"text":"70247400 - 1974 - Artificial Recharge — State of the Art","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-02T15:31:43.154906","indexId":"70247400","displayToPublicDate":"1974-05-01T10:29:09","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Artificial Recharge — State of the Art","docAbstract":"The largest potential reservoir for the storage of potable water is in the unsaturated zone. Use of this space for the storage and retrieval of potable water is a multifaceted problem which requires application of the best talent from the scientific community.
Artificial recharge has many similarities to liquidwaste disposal through deep wells. In both, the problem is to place liquid in a permeable lithologic unit at an economic rate, to predict movement and the chemical reactions and physical changes that take place while the liquid is in the reservoir. Differences between the two operations are principally in the type of fluid injected and the ultimate objective. In artificial recharge the objective is to store and retrieve water of good quality; in waste disposal the objective is to store permanently water of objectionable quality. In both artificial recharge and liquid-waste storage, the nature of the storage must be known, particularly that of the unsaturated zone. The techniques of investigation for recharge and waste disposal are generally the same.
Water commonly is recharged by surface spreading through basins or by induced recharge from adjacent streams and lakes or through injection wells. Research in recharge through basins has been dominated by mathematical models based on idealized conditions and empirical relations, derived by experimental sequencing of recharge operations, and operational controls in the pretreatment of recharge water. Recharge by injection wells has been undertaken in a variety of hydrologic environments. In Israel efforts have been directed toward the analyses of diffusion and dispersion of the injected water. Much research in the United States has been directed toward the movement of bacteria and organic matter through an aquifer and toward the chemical modeling of changes in recharged water as it moves.
Much more research is needed on the basic properties of aquifers, particularly in the unsaturated zone, and on all aspects of recharge-water quality. Research and the use of data produced are increasingly the responsibility of interdisciplinary teams which consider the geologic, hydraulic, and economic aspects of the system.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1974.tb03015.x","usgsCitation":"Brown, R.F., and Signor, D., 1974, Artificial Recharge — State of the Art: Groundwater, v. 12, no. 3, p. 152-160, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1974.tb03015.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"160","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R. F.","contributorId":55803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Signor, D. C.","contributorId":95100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signor","given":"D. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70232440,"text":"70232440 - 1974 - Some morphometric properties of experimentally cratered surfaces","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-01T15:21:51.109578","indexId":"70232440","displayToPublicDate":"1974-05-01T09:40:19","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some morphometric properties of experimentally cratered surfaces","docAbstract":"The temperature and chemical conditions (pH, gas pressure, and ion activities) in a geothermal aquifer supplying a producing bore can be calculated from the enthalpy of the total fluid (liquid + vapor) produced and chemical analyses of water and steam separated and collected at known pressures. Alternatively, if a single water phase exists in the aquifer, the complete analysis (including gases) of a sample collected from the aquifer by a downhole sampler is sufficient to determine the aquifer chemistry without a measured value of the enthalpy. The assumptions made are that the fluid is produced from a single aquifer and is homogeneous in enthalpy and chemical composition. These calculations of aquifer chemistry involving large amounts of ancillary information and many iterations require computer methods. A computer program in PL-1 to perform these calculations is available from the National Technical Information Service as document PB-219 376.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Truesdell, A.H., and Singers, W., 1974, Some morphometric properties of experimentally cratered surfaces: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 3, p. 279-288.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"288","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402834,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402833,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue3/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Truesdell, Alfred H.","contributorId":33448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truesdell","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singers, Wendy","contributorId":147021,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singers","given":"Wendy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70232439,"text":"70232439 - 1974 - Geochemical indicators of subsurface temperature: Part 2, estimation of temperature and fraction of hot water mixed with cold water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-01T14:39:25.050529","indexId":"70232439","displayToPublicDate":"1974-05-01T09:36:11","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical indicators of subsurface temperature: Part 2, estimation of temperature and fraction of hot water mixed with cold water","docAbstract":"The water in many warm springs with large rates of flow consists of mixtures of hot water that has come from depth and of shallow cold water. Under favorable conditions the original temperature of the hot water and the fraction of the cold water in the mixture can be estimated by using the measured temperature and silica content of the warm spring water and the temperature and silica content of nonthermal water in the region. The method has been applied with apparent success at Yellowstone National Park.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Fournier, R., and Truesdell, A.H., 1974, Geochemical indicators of subsurface temperature: Part 2, estimation of temperature and fraction of hot water mixed with cold water: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 3, p. 263-270.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"270","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402832,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402831,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue3/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.02783203125,\n 44.12308489306967\n ],\n [\n -109.9896240234375,\n 44.12308489306967\n ],\n [\n -109.9896240234375,\n 44.90646871709883\n ],\n [\n -111.02783203125,\n 44.90646871709883\n ],\n [\n -111.02783203125,\n 44.12308489306967\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fournier, R.O.","contributorId":73584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournier","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Truesdell, A. H.","contributorId":140646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70232438,"text":"70232438 - 1974 - Geochemical indicators of subsurface temperature: Part 1, basic assumptions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-01T14:35:17.24825","indexId":"70232438","displayToPublicDate":"1974-05-01T09:31:25","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical indicators of subsurface temperature: Part 1, basic assumptions","docAbstract":"The chemical and isotopic compositions of hot-spring water and gas are used to estimate subsurface temperatures. The basic assumptions inherent in the methods are seldom stipulated. These assumptions include (1) a temperature-dependent reaction at depth, (2) a supply of the solid phase involved in the reaction to permit saturation of the constituent used for geothermometry, (3) water-rock equilibrium at depth, (4) negligible re-equilibration as the water flows to the surface, and (5) no dilution or mixing of hot and cold water. The first three assumptions are probably good for a few reactions that occur in many places. The last two assumptions probably are not valid for many hot-spring systems; information obtained is therefore for the shallower parts of those systems, or a limiting temperature (generally a minimum) is indicated.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Fournier, R., White, D., and Truesdell, A.H., 1974, Geochemical indicators of subsurface temperature: Part 1, basic assumptions: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 3, p. 259-262.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"262","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue3/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fournier, R.O.","contributorId":73584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournier","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, D. E.","contributorId":20729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Truesdell, A. H.","contributorId":140646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70247389,"text":"70247389 - 1974 - Adsorption of MBAS from wastewaters and secondary effluents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-02T13:40:43.818053","indexId":"70247389","displayToPublicDate":"1974-05-01T08:37:14","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2573,"text":"Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adsorption of MBAS from wastewaters and secondary effluents","docAbstract":"On the basis of adsorption behavior, there seems to be three groups of methylene blue active substances (MBAS) in wastewaters and secondary effluents. The first group is observed at low dosages of activated carbon, contains the bulk of the total MBAS, and is readily adsorbable. The second is noted at intermediate dosages, contains a small part of the total, and is poorly adsorbable. The third occurs at very high dosages, contains a small part, and is essentially nonadsorbable. Analysis by the Freundlich adsorption model indicates that organic materials in wastewaters and effluents exert a strong competitive effect on the adsorption of MBAS. When competitive effects are normalized, however, the MBAS in wastewaters are slightly more adsorbable than those in effluents.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Rickert, D.A., and Hunter, J.V., 1974, Adsorption of MBAS from wastewaters and secondary effluents: Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, v. 46, no. 5, p. 911-919.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"911","endPage":"919","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419490,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":419489,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/25038733","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"46","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rickert, David A.","contributorId":80247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rickert","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunter, Joseph V.","contributorId":317838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunter","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176804,"text":"70176804 - 1974 - Hydrology and trout populations of cold-water rivers of Michigan and Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T15:36:50","indexId":"70176804","displayToPublicDate":"1974-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3644,"text":"Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrology and trout populations of cold-water rivers of Michigan and Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Statistical multiple-regression analyses showed significant relationships between trout populations and hydrologic parameters. Parameters showing the higher levels of significance were temperature, hardness of water, percentage of gravel bottom, percentage of bottom vegetation, variability of streamflow, and discharge per unit drainage area. Trout populations increase with lower levels of annual maximum water temperatures, with increase in water hardness, and with increase in percentage of gravel and bottom vegetation. Trout populations also increase with decrease in variability of streamflow, and with increase in discharge per unit drainage area. Most hydrologic parameters were significant when evaluated collectively, but no parameter, by itself, showed a high degree of correlation with trout populations in regression analyses that included all the streams sampled. Regression analyses of stream segments that were restricted to certain limits of hardness, temperature, or percentage of gravel bottom showed improvements in correlation. Analyses of trout populations, in pounds per acre and pounds per mile and hydrologic parameters resulted in regression equations from which trout populations could be estimated with standard errors of 89 and 84 per cent, respectively.
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E.","contributorId":99958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendrickson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knutilla, R. L.","contributorId":65451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knutilla","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001661,"text":"1001661 - 1974 - Effects of radio packages on wild ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-26T21:50:45.308265","indexId":"1001661","displayToPublicDate":"1974-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of radio packages on wild ducks","docAbstract":"A total of 211 wild, free-flying mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and wood ducks (Aix sponsa) were equipped with breast-mounted radio packages during the breeding seasons of 1968-72. Known predation loss was 7.6 and 12.0 percent for mallards and wood ducks respectively, 60 percent occurred within 3 weeks of instrumentation. The highest predation rate for mallards was 0.0048 kills per tracking day and 0.0136 for wood ducks. A higher direct recovery rate for instrumented birds (19.5 percent) than noninstrumented birds (8.1 percent) was probably due to the novelty of the transmitter to hunters. Departure patterns and locations of direct recoveries were similar between radio-equipped and normal-banded birds. Among female wood ducks with radios, recovery rates were lower than expected. Hunters indicated that 84 percent of the instrumented ducks recovered were in good or excellent condition. Recaptures of ducks as long as 1 year after being equipped with radio packages indicated that feather wear and skin abrasion were not serious. A high rate for feeding on land by instrumented mallards was probably due to our ability to more easily locate and observe these birds in cover. Preening rates were higher for instrumented ducks. As the birds became adjusted to the package, preening decreased and feeding on water increased. Social and breeding behavior of instrumented ducks did not appear to be adversely affected by the radio package.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3800730","usgsCitation":"Gilmer, D., Ball, I., Cowardin, L., and Riechmann, J.H., 1974, Effects of radio packages on wild ducks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 38, no. 2, p. 243-252, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800730.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"252","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133935,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Chippewa National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.81067795601568,\n 47.35790612339392\n ],\n [\n -94.81067795601568,\n 46.96697371400404\n ],\n [\n -93.92509802195744,\n 46.96697371400404\n ],\n [\n -93.92509802195744,\n 47.35790612339392\n ],\n [\n -94.81067795601568,\n 47.35790612339392\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f7cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilmer, D.S.","contributorId":22270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmer","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ball, I.J.","contributorId":104427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"I.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riechmann, J. H.","contributorId":20690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riechmann","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1007689,"text":"1007689 - 1974 - Growth responses of Spartina patens and Spartina alterniflora by means of a two dimensional factorial design","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-15T17:41:15.654258","indexId":"1007689","displayToPublicDate":"1974-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth responses of Spartina patens and Spartina alterniflora by means of a two dimensional factorial design","docAbstract":"Growth of Spartina patens and Spartina alterniflora was compared under identical greenhouse conditions. Mature plants were grown in quartz sand and watered with the following solutions: (1) full Hoagland's solution; (2) Hoagland's minus iron; (3) Hoagland's minus nitrogen; (4) Hoagland's with NaCl added to 28 o/oo; (5) sea water of 28 o/oo. S. patens showed improved growth in Hoagland's solution and Hoagland's minus iron, but showed significantly less growth in solutions 3, 4 and 5. S. alterniflora showed no significant difference in growth in the treatment cultures. General trends which were shown are: (1) S. patens grew better under low iron levels while S. alterniflora's growth was only slightly enhanced under low iron conditions, and (2) growth of both species was reduced more due to saline conditions than to a lack of nitrogen.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.2307/2424336","usgsCitation":"Halvorson, W.L., and Singer, A.C., 1974, Growth responses of Spartina patens and Spartina alterniflora by means of a two dimensional factorial design: American Midland Naturalist, v. 91, p. 444-449, https://doi.org/10.2307/2424336.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"444","endPage":"449","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130544,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db655666","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halvorson, W. L.","contributorId":26246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, A. C.","contributorId":27403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70202668,"text":"70202668 - 1974 - Effect of mine drainage on the quality of streams in Colorado, 1971-72","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-19T10:01:01","indexId":"70202668","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-15T15:12:59","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5817,"text":"Colorado Water Resources Circular","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"21","title":"Effect of mine drainage on the quality of streams in Colorado, 1971-72","docAbstract":"In July 1971, a study of the effects of mine drainage on Colorado's streams was begun in cooperation with the Colorado Water Pollution Control Commission. The objectives of this study were to determine the extent and magnitude of the problem as a whole, and to gain a greater understanding of the processes and their potential ramifications by detailed definition of problems in specific areas. In order to accomplish these objectives, a three-pronged approach was devised to include: (1) a reconnaissance of the entire State to locate problem areas, (2) the detailed study of selected problem areas on a short-term basis, and (3) the monitoring of selected problem areas on a long-term basis.
This report summarizes the results of the reconnaissance phase. It describes some basic physical, chemical, and biological water-quality characteristics of the streams, discusses observed effects of mine drainage on the surface-water environment, delineates problem areas, and provides a list of streams where intensive study and subsequent monitoring might provide further insight into the various problems encountered.
","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado Water Conservation Board","publisherLocation":"Denver, Colorado","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Colorado Water Pollution Control Commission","usgsCitation":"Wentz, D.A., 1974, Effect of mine drainage on the quality of streams in Colorado, 1971-72: Colorado Water Resources Circular 21, 117 p.","productDescription":"117 p.","numberOfPages":"134","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363070,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dnrweblink.state.co.us/cwcb/0/edoc/208972/Colorado%20Water%20Resources%20Circular%20No.%2021.pdf?searchid=b3c3f056-471b-40ae-935c-e1d338c5d42d","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":362119,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wentz, Dennis A. dawentz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentz","given":"Dennis","email":"dawentz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":759397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70202667,"text":"70202667 - 1974 - Effects of metal-mine drainage on water quality in selected areas of Colorado, 1972-73","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-19T10:09:25","indexId":"70202667","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-15T10:27:05","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5817,"text":"Colorado Water Resources Circular","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"25","title":"Effects of metal-mine drainage on water quality in selected areas of Colorado, 1972-73","docAbstract":"Colorado is a child of mining. In the past, towns such as Cripple Creek, Leadville, Creede, and many others were the lifeblood of the economy. While metal mining is still economically important to Colorado, another legacy of this past activity is attracting increasing attention—the detrimental effects of drainage from abandoned and active mines and tailings piles (waste rock piles) on streams. Concern with metal-mine drainage is due to the acid resulting from oxidation of pyritic material. The acid itself can be harmful to aquatic organisms, and can make the water unusable for various recreational and industrial needs. Just as importantly, however, the acid dissolves metals from ores and tailings piles and releases them into the streams. Many of the metals are toxic to aquatic organisms, humans, and livestock; and, like excess acidity, the metals can make streams unusable for some types of recreation and industry.
In July 1971, a study of the effects of both metal- and coal-mine drainage on surface-water quality in Colorado was undertaken by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Colorado Water Pollution Control Commission. Based on the reconnaissance phase of this project (Wentz, 1974), 17 areas judged to be adversely affected by metal-mine drainage were chosen for further study. One additional area was included because it is the only place found in Colorado that potentially could be affected by coal-mine drainage. The present report summarizes the intensive study of these areas; it is the second product of the mine-drainage study. The first report was published as Colorado Water Resources Circular 21.
","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado Water Conservation Board","publisherLocation":"Denver, Colorado","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Colorado Water Pollution Control Commission","usgsCitation":"Moran, R.E., and Wentz, D.A., 1974, Effects of metal-mine drainage on water quality in selected areas of Colorado, 1972-73: Colorado Water Resources Circular 25, vi, 250 p. .","productDescription":"vi, 250 p. ","numberOfPages":"259","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362116,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":363071,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dnrweblink.state.co.us/cwcb/0/edoc/208973/Colorado%20Water%20Resources%20Circular%20No.%2025.pdf?searchid=b3c3f056-471b-40ae-935c-e1d338c5d42d","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, Robert E.","contributorId":214088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moran","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wentz, Dennis A. dawentz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentz","given":"Dennis","email":"dawentz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":759393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70208896,"text":"70208896 - 1974 - Fluid inclusion and light stable isotope study of the climax molybdenum deposits, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-04T13:14:56","indexId":"70208896","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-04T12:52:49","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid inclusion and light stable isotope study of the climax molybdenum deposits, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Climax mine contains three molybdenite ore bodies and widespread late quartz-pyrite-sericite barren mineralization, each related to separate intrusive phases of the Climax stock. Alteration zones spatially related to each molybdenite ore body include a silica zone below, a potassium-silicate zone that approximately coincides with ore, and overlying quartz-sericite-pyrite-topaz, argillic, and propylite zones.
Delta 18 O values of quartz range from +8.4 to 10.9 per mil; delta 18 O values of muscovite and sericite range from --0.8 to +7.5 per mil. Eight of ten sericite values are between +5.8 and +7.5. All of the quartz and most of the sericite is in isotopic equilibrium with a calculated water at 350 degrees C with delta 18 O values of +3.0 to 5.5 per mil.
Delta 18 O values of K-feldspars range from --4.5 to +7.5 per mil. This wide range indicates partial reequilibration of the feldspar with later, isotopically light, waters.
Two muscovites have delta D values of --146 and --91 per mil; sericite ranges from --168 to --116 per mil. The calculated delta D values of water at 275 degrees C in equilibrium with sericite are --144 to --92. This range is the same as that of fluid inclusions in ore samples.Kaolinite in the argillic zone has delta 18 O values of --0.9 to --2.2 and delta D values of --162 per mil. Calculated water at 250 degrees C in equilibrium with kaolinite delta 18 O values of --4.7 to -6 and delta D of about -130 per mil.
The isotopic and fluid inclusion data best fit a model whereby the Climax ore bodies were formed from a hydrothermal fluid that originated by mixing light and heavy waters. The light water is isotopically similar to present-day meteoric water; the heavy water has the isotopic composition postulated for magmatic water, although it could be meteoric water that was heavier than present-day meteoric water.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.69.6.884","usgsCitation":"Hall, W., Friedman, I., and Nash, J.T., 1974, Fluid inclusion and light stable isotope study of the climax molybdenum deposits, Colorado: Economic Geology, v. 69, no. 6, p. 88-901, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.69.6.884.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"901","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":372906,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","volume":"69","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1974-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, W. E.","contributorId":6431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Irving","contributorId":90664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Irving","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nash, J. Thomas","contributorId":26306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70208894,"text":"70208894 - 1974 - Alteration and fluid inclusion studies of the porphyry copper ore body at Bingham, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-04T12:45:56","indexId":"70208894","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-04T12:30:37","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alteration and fluid inclusion studies of the porphyry copper ore body at Bingham, Utah","docAbstract":"Distribution patterns for biotitic alteration, sericitic alteration, and distinctive fluid-inclusion types in igneous host rocks of the porphyry copper ore body at Bingham, Utah, have been determined by petrographic examination of about 300 samples. These patterns are related to differences in original rock composition, variations in physical-chemical conditions during periods of intrusion and mineralization, and spatial position within the ore body.
The distribution of biotitic (potassium-silicate) alteration assemblages and high-salinity fluid inclusions generally follows the crudely triangular form of the disseminated copper ore zone. Variations in abundance of hydrothermal biotite are attributed to differences in original mafic mineral content of the igneous host rocks. Biotitic alteration and initial copper mineralization were accomplished by high-salinity fluids concentrated during final crystallization of the monzonitic parent magma; genetic continuity between magmatic and hydrothermal stages is indicated.
Pervasive sericitic alteration of plagioclase is confined to rocks in the northern one-third of the Bingham stock; a subzone of argillic alteration in the north-central part of the ore body occurs within the broader area of sericitic alteration. Fluids responsible for sericitic and argillic alteration were channeled by a broad zone of northeast-trending fractures.
Hydrothermal minerals and high-salinity fluid inclusions occur within a large volume of shattered rock. Boiling of fluids during crystallization of the aplitic porphyry may account for the shattering. Sericitic (and argillic) alteration were apparently super-imposed on the earlier biotitic assemblage as the hydrothermal system cooled. Cooling and hydrolytic alteration were promoted by progressive introduction of meteoric waters. The many generations of inclusions trapped from boiling fluids in the temperature range 400 degrees to 600 degrees C suggest that the system was recharged repeatedly during the period of mineralization. Estimated fluid pressures of about 800 bars in the early stages of mineralization correspond to a lithostatic load of about 3 km; pressures were even lower (less than 200 bars) in the later stages and were probably controlled by hydrostatic conditions.Distribution patterns for biotitic alteration, sericitic alteration, and distinctive fluid-inclusion types in igneous host rocks of the porphyry copper ore body at Bingham, Utah, have been determined by petrographic examination of about 300 samples. These patterns are related to differences in original rock composition, variations in physical-chemical conditions during periods of intrusion and mineralization, and spatial position within the ore body.The distribution of biotitic (potassium-silicate) alteration assemblages and high-salinity fluid inclusions generally follows the crudely triangular form of the disseminated copper ore zone. Variations in abundance of hydrothermal biotite are attributed to differences in original mafic mineral content of the igneous host rocks. Biotitic alteration and initial copper mineralization were accomplished by high-salinity fluids concentrated during final crystallization of the monzonitic parent magma; genetic continuity between magmatic and hydrothermal stages is indicated.Pervasive sericitic alteration of plagioclase is confined to rocks in the northern one-third of the Bingham stock; a subzone of argillic alteration in the north-central part of the ore body occurs within the broader area of sericitic alteration. Fluids responsible for sericitic and argillic alteration were channeled by a broad zone of northeast-trending fractures.Hydrothermal minerals and high-salinity fluid inclusions occur within a large volume of shattered rock. Boiling of fluids during crystallization of the aplitic porphyry may account for the shattering. Sericitic (and argillic) alteration were apparently super-imposed on the earlier biotitic assemblage as the hydrothermal system cooled. Cooling and hydrolytic alteration were promoted by progressive introduction of meteoric waters. The many generations of inclusions trapped from boiling fluids in the temperature range 400 degrees to 600 degrees C suggest that the system was recharged repeatedly during the period of mineralization. Estimated fluid pressures of about 800 bars in the early stages of mineralization correspond to a lithostatic load of about 3 km; pressures were even lower (less than 200 bars) in the later stages and were probably controlled by hydrostatic conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.69.5.631","usgsCitation":"Moore, W.J., and Nash, J.T., 1974, Alteration and fluid inclusion studies of the porphyry copper ore body at Bingham, Utah: Economic Geology, v. 69, no. 5, p. 631-645, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.69.5.631.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"631","endPage":"645","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":372905,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Bingham","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.23907470703124,\n 40.455307212131494\n ],\n [\n -112.02690124511719,\n 40.455307212131494\n ],\n [\n -112.02690124511719,\n 40.61551614707256\n ],\n [\n -112.23907470703124,\n 40.61551614707256\n ],\n [\n -112.23907470703124,\n 40.455307212131494\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"69","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1974-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, W. J.","contributorId":84334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nash, J. Thomas","contributorId":26306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70232380,"text":"70232380 - 1974 - Hydrogeology of Antietam Creek basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-29T16:56:36.980516","indexId":"70232380","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-01T11:49:43","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeology of Antietam Creek basin","docAbstract":"The Antictam Creek basin in the Great Valley of Maryland and Pennsylvania is underlain almost entirely by intensely folded and faulted lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks. The ground-water discharge of the basin is about 85 percent of the total discharge, in contrast with less than 70 percent of the total discharge in two small basins underlain by igneous and mctamorphic rocks in the Maryland Piedmont. Large quantities of ground water are stored in a thick residual mantle, which overlies the carbonate rocks in the valley and adjacent rnetamorphic rocks in mountain areas on the east edge of the basin. Streams that flow off the mountain areas are major sources of recharge to the carbonate-rock aquifers. Several streams lose a large part of their flow within a mile after reaching the carbonate rocks in the valley, and a few flow directly into swallow holes (sinkholes). The low density of perennial streams in the basin is a result of subsurface drainage through solution cavities along joints, faults, and bedding in the carbonate rocks. The major orientations of straight stream reaches along Antietam Creek and the strikes of major joint sets in quarries are nearly coincident, suggesting that the stream network throughout the basin is joint controlled.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Nutter, L.J., 1974, Hydrogeology of Antietam Creek basin: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 2, p. 249-252.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"252","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402699,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Antietam Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.69805908203125,\n 39.403305486149264\n ],\n [\n -77.54287719726562,\n 39.77265852521458\n ],\n [\n -77.59368896484375,\n 39.85915479295669\n ],\n [\n -77.70355224609375,\n 39.7240885773337\n ],\n [\n -77.79556274414061,\n 39.53158493558714\n ],\n [\n -77.7227783203125,\n 39.39693836884292\n ],\n [\n -77.69805908203125,\n 39.403305486149264\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nutter, Larry J.","contributorId":292648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nutter","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70232379,"text":"70232379 - 1974 - WATEQ, a computer program for calculating chemical equilibria of natural waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-29T16:47:32.05893","indexId":"70232379","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-01T11:43:01","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"WATEQ, a computer program for calculating chemical equilibria of natural waters","docAbstract":"The computer program, WATEQ, calculates the equilibrium distribution of inorganic aqueous species of major and important minor elements in natural waters using the chemical analysis and in situ measurements of temperature, pH, and redox potential. From this model, the states of reaction of the water with solid and gaseous phases are calculated. Thermodynamic stabilities of aqueous species, minerals, and gases have been selected from a careful consideration of all available experimental data. The program is written in PL-1 for IBM 360 computers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Truesdell, A.H., and Jones, B.F., 1974, WATEQ, a computer program for calculating chemical equilibria of natural waters: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 2, p. 233-248.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"248","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402697,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402696,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Truesdell, A. H.","contributorId":140646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Blair F. bfjones@usgs.gov","contributorId":2784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Blair","email":"bfjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70232374,"text":"70232374 - 1974 - Thermal conductimetric determination of submilligram amounts of total water in silicate and carbonate minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-29T15:10:31.054411","indexId":"70232374","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-01T09:47:49","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal conductimetric determination of submilligram amounts of total water in silicate and carbonate minerals","docAbstract":"A simple and rapid method was developed for determining sub milligram amounts of total water in silicate and carbonate minerals. Powdered samples are fused by heating with sodium tungstate vanadium pentoxide flux in a Vycor combustion tube, and the evolved water vapor is absorbed on silica gel. After the water collection, the silica gel is heated at a controlled rate, and the released water vapor, carried by helium, is detected by thermal conductivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Marinenko, J., 1974, Thermal conductimetric determination of submilligram amounts of total water in silicate and carbonate minerals: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 2, p. 185-187.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"187","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402687,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402686,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marinenko, John","contributorId":102861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marinenko","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70232382,"text":"70232382 - 1974 - Rates of salt solution in the Permian basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-30T13:39:49.762113","indexId":"70232382","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-01T08:32:52","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rates of salt solution in the Permian basin","docAbstract":"For safe, long-term storage of radioactive materials in salt beds, rates of solution of salt which might imperil such storage must be known. For solution to continue, fluid must move through the system. Major fluid discharge from the system is by surface streams. Using U.S. Geological Survey records of streamflow and chemical quality of water, computations of sodium chloride discharges of numerous subbasins have been made. A map has been constructed showing tons of sodium chloride discharged per day and tons of sodium chloride discharged per square mile per year. Also shown are locations of major saline springs and their rate of discharge of sodium chloride in tons per day.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Swenson, F., 1974, Rates of salt solution in the Permian basin: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 2, p. 253-257.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"257","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402739,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402738,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue2/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Permian basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.87597656249999,\n 29.954934549656144\n ],\n [\n -99.052734375,\n 31.728167146023935\n ],\n [\n -98.3056640625,\n 34.52466147177172\n ],\n [\n -98.701171875,\n 37.125286284966805\n ],\n [\n -99.5361328125,\n 38.37611542403604\n ],\n [\n -102.12890625,\n 39.06184913429154\n ],\n [\n -104.19433593749999,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -105.4248046875,\n 36.13787471840729\n ],\n [\n -105.5126953125,\n 33.46810795527896\n ],\n [\n -106.0400390625,\n 31.80289258670676\n ],\n [\n -104.0185546875,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -102.87597656249999,\n 29.954934549656144\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swenson, Frank A.","contributorId":30272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swenson","given":"Frank A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70121301,"text":"70121301 - 1974 - Interstitial water studies on small core samples, Leg 22","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-24T09:36:36","indexId":"70121301","displayToPublicDate":"1974-02-01T16:06:40","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1997,"text":"Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interstitial water studies on small core samples, Leg 22","docAbstract":"Interstitial waters from Leg 22 in the Indian Ocean revealed two unique results: Site 214, on the Ninetyeast Ridge, penetrated through a 30-meter sequence of fine-grained basalt and reentered hard, silty clay containing carbonate skeletal debris. Such a basalt layer may well have been impervious and extensive enough to seal off underlying (fossil) seawater of Paleocene age. However, except for a marked increase in calcium and a slight increase in chloride, no appreciable changes in pore fluid chemistry could be confirmed. Site 217, at the northernmost end of the Ninetyeast Ridge, demonstrated record concentrations of interstitial calcium in clayey nannofossil oozes and a relatively small but significant increment in chloride with depth. Presumably, these increments signal the existence of evaporitic sediments or evaporite-influenced brines at considerably greater depth than penetrated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International","publisherLocation":"College Station, TX","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.22.131.1974","usgsCitation":"Manheim, F., Waterman, L.S., and Sayles, F.L., 1974, Interstitial water studies on small core samples, Leg 22: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, v. 22, p. 657-662, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.22.131.1974.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"657","endPage":"662","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.22.131.1974","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":292717,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292716,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.deepseadrilling.org/22/dsdp_toc.htm"},{"id":292715,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.22.131.1974"}],"otherGeospatial":"Indian Ocean","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 20.0,-71.4 ], [ 20.0,10.4 ], [ 147.5,10.4 ], [ 147.5,-71.4 ], [ 20.0,-71.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f5b655e4b09d12e0e8e6ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manheim, Frank T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":45294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"Frank T.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waterman, Lee S.","contributorId":30151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waterman","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sayles, Frederick L.","contributorId":96778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayles","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}