{"pageNumber":"2407","pageRowStart":"60150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68827,"records":[{"id":70001404,"text":"70001404 - 1973 - Role of reef fauna in sediment transport and distribution - Studies from Tektite I and II","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-18T18:04:13.758327","indexId":"70001404","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1886,"text":"Helgoländer Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of reef fauna in sediment transport and distribution - Studies from Tektite I and II","docAbstract":"1. Reef organisms may play a major role in the transport and distribution of sediment on the sea floor adjacent to coral reefs. 2. Some fish such as Malacanthus plumieri (Bloch) selectively transport and collect certain types of sediment (such as larger coral and shell fragments). 3. The random movement of crawling or burrowing organisms may cause a large amount of sediment to be shifted laterally on the sea floor. On slopes, a net downhill displacement may result. 4. The surface configuration and internal structure of the sediment is rapidly changed by faunal mixing. Ripple marks formed by waves or currents are obliterated by the activity of organisms in only a few weeks in the environment studied. Internal structure (bedding) near the sediment-water interface is similarly destroyed in a short period of time. 5. Larger clasts (including empty shells) on the sea floor tend to be buried by faunal undermining. The rate of burial depends primarily on the grain size of the substrate. 6. The random movement of fauna on the sea floor may produce a predominantly concave-up orientation of pelecypod shells and shell fragments on the sea floor - the opposite of that produced by the activity of waves or currents. ?? 1973 Biologischen Anstalt Helgoland.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01609502","usgsCitation":"Clifton, H., 1973, Role of reef fauna in sediment transport and distribution - Studies from Tektite I and II: Helgoländer Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, v. 24, no. 1-4, p. 91-101, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609502.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"101","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480653,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01609502","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe281","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clifton, H.E.","contributorId":44151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifton","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224693,"text":"5224693 - 1973 - Sea birds wintering off Maryland shores, 1972-73","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5224693","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:56","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2687,"text":"Maryland Birdlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea birds wintering off Maryland shores, 1972-73","docAbstract":"During the winter of 1972-73, studies were conducted to determine the status and distribution of pelagic species of birds occurring at sea as far as 38 miles east of Ocean City, Md. The wintering off-shore avifauna was found to be impressively rich in variety of species and numbers of individuals. Sightings included Fulmar and Skua, both first sight records for Maryland. Large alcids, especially Razorbills, were observed in unprecedented numbers and on five of the seven trips undertaken. Thick-billed Murre was sighted once and Dovekie, once. A Pomarine Jaeger was a mid-winter first for Maryland. Black-legged Kittiwakes were sighted on all seven trips, with age ratios consistently averaging about three adults to one immature. Likewise, Gannets were observed on all seven trips, 7.5 adults to one immature. Iceland Gulls were seen twice and Black-headed Gulls on three trips. Evidence of a definite migration was noted on Nov. 19, as Gannets were observed flying south in a narrow band, four miles wide, five to nine miles east of Ocean City, and Black-legged Kittiwakes, likewise, were heading south in a steady stream no closer than 14 miles east of Ocean City. Data accumulated from December through March suggest most pelagics occurring in Maryland waters during this period were truly wintering and not transients. This report is concerned primarily with the true pelagics normally found well away from the sight of land and does not dwell on those 'sea birds' commonly seen in immediate coastal waters.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Maryland Birdlife","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6625_Rowlett.pdf","usgsCitation":"Rowlett, R., 1973, Sea birds wintering off Maryland shores, 1972-73: Maryland Birdlife, v. 29, no. 3, p. 88-102.","productDescription":"88-102","startPage":"88","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc5e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowlett, R.A.","contributorId":94418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowlett","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48128,"text":"ofr7381 - 1973 - Ground-water management, Neponset River basin, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:21","indexId":"ofr7381","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-81","title":"Ground-water management, Neponset River basin, Massachusetts","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr7381","usgsCitation":"Frimpter, M.H., 1973, Ground-water management, Neponset River basin, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-81, 19 p. maps (1 fold. in pocket) ; 27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7381.","productDescription":"19 p. maps (1 fold. in pocket) ; 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6980a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frimpter, Michael H.","contributorId":8074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frimpter","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48239,"text":"ofr741049 - 1973 - Hydrologic characteristics of Alder Creek, Iron County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-13T09:38:25","indexId":"ofr741049","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-1049","title":"Hydrologic characteristics of Alder Creek, Iron County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"

The purpose of this study was to determine the hydrologic characteristics of Alder Creek, Iron County, Wisconsin, which are needed by water-resource planners to evaluate a reservoir site proposed by the Whitecap Mountain Corporation on Alder Creek. The hydrologic characteristics estimated were the mean flows, low flows, flood peaks, suspended-sediment discharge, and depth to bedrock. Also included is an estimate of the time required to fill the proposed reservoir. The study was done in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr741049","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Holmstrom, B.K., Gebert, W., and Borman, R.G., 1973, Hydrologic characteristics of Alder Creek, Iron County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-1049, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr741049.","productDescription":"10 p.","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":84940,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/1049/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":171996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/1049/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Iron County","otherGeospatial":"Alder 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B. K.","contributorId":90728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmstrom","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":237020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gebert, W.A.","contributorId":71555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gebert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":237019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Borman, Ronald G.","contributorId":69944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borman","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":237018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":46365,"text":"ofr73345 - 1973 - Mars chart, MC-30, Mars Australe Quadrangle","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":46365,"text":"ofr73345 - 1973 - Mars chart, MC-30, Mars Australe Quadrangle","indexId":"ofr73345","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"title":"Mars chart, MC-30, Mars Australe Quadrangle"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":65869,"text":"i970 - 1976 - Shaded relief map of the Mare Australe area of Mars","indexId":"i970","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Shaded relief map of the Mare Australe area of Mars"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":65869,"text":"i970 - 1976 - Shaded relief map of the Mare Australe area of Mars","indexId":"i970","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Shaded relief map of the Mare Australe area of Mars"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:59","indexId":"ofr73345","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-345","title":"Mars chart, MC-30, Mars Australe Quadrangle","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr73345","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1973, Mars chart, MC-30, Mars Australe Quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-345, 1 map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73345.","productDescription":"1 map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fb54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48104,"text":"ofr733 - 1973 - Roughness coefficients for stream channels in Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-19T15:06:07","indexId":"ofr733","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-3","title":"Roughness coefficients for stream channels in Arizona","docAbstract":"

When water flows in an open channel, energy is lost through friction along the banks and bed of the channel and through turbulence within the channel. The amount of energy lost is governed by channel roughness, which is expressed in terms of a roughness coefficient. An evaluation of the roughness coefficient is necessary in many hydraulic computations that involve flow in an open channel. Owing to the lack of satisfactory quantitative procedure, the ability of evaluate roughness coefficients can be developed only through experience; however, a basic knowledge of the methods used to assign the coefficients and the factors affecting them will be a great help.

\n
\n

One of the most commonly used equations in open-channel hydraulics is that of Manning. The Manning equation is

\n
\n

      1.486

\n

V=_____R2/3Se1/2,

\n

       n

\n
\n

in which

\n
\n

V = mean cross-sectional velocity of flow, in feet per second;

\n
\n

R = hydraulic radius at a cross section, which is the cross-sectional area divided by the wetter perimeter, in feet;

\n
\n

Se = energy slope; and

\n
\n

n = coefficient of roughness.

\n
\n

Many research studies have been made to determine \"n\" values for open-channel flow (Carter and others, 1963). Guidelines for selecting coefficient of roughness for stream channels are given in most of the literature of stream-channel hydraulics, but few of the data relate directly to streams of Arizona, The U.S> Geological Survey, at the request of the Arizona Highway Department, assembled the color photographs and tables of the Manning \"n\" values in this report to aid highway engineers in the selection of roughness coefficients for Arizona streams. Most of the photographs show channel reaches for which values of \"n\" have been assigned by experienced Survey personnel; a few photographs are included for reaches where \"n\" values have been verified. Verified \"n\" values are computed from a known discharge and measured channel geometry. Selected photographs of stream channels for which \"n\" values have been verified are included in U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1849 (Barnes, 1967); stereoscopic slides of Barnes' (1967) photographs and additional photographs can be inspected at U.S> Geological Survey offices in: 2555 E. First Street, Tucson; and 5017 Federal Building, 230 N. First Avenue, Phoenix.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/ofr733","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Highway Department","usgsCitation":"Aldridge, B.N., and Garrett, J., 1973, Roughness coefficients for stream channels in Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-3, iv, 87 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr733.","productDescription":"iv, 87 p.","numberOfPages":"93","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0003/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":84840,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.8166,31.3322 ], [ -114.8166,37.0043 ], [ -109.0452,37.0043 ], [ -109.0452,31.3322 ], [ -114.8166,31.3322 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe2a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aldridge, B. N.","contributorId":73179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"B.","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrett, J.M.","contributorId":94703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":48129,"text":"ofr7382 - 1973 - Ground-water management, Pawcatuck River Basin, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:21","indexId":"ofr7382","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-82","title":"Ground-water management, Pawcatuck River Basin, Rhode Island","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr7382","usgsCitation":"Frimpter, M.H., 1973, Ground-water management, Pawcatuck River Basin, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-82, 21 p. ill., maps ; 27 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7382.","productDescription":"21 p. ill., maps ; 27 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66746f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frimpter, Michael H.","contributorId":8074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frimpter","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48170,"text":"ofr73173 - 1973 - Vegetation in relation to water depth in conservation area 3, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:07","indexId":"ofr73173","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-173","title":"Vegetation in relation to water depth in conservation area 3, Florida","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr73173","usgsCitation":"McPherson, B.F., 1973, Vegetation in relation to water depth in conservation area 3, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-173, 60 p. ill., maps ; 27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73173.","productDescription":"60 p. ill., maps ; 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6025b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McPherson, Benjamin F.","contributorId":17965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1020,"text":"wsp2028 - 1973 - A national study of the streamflow data-collection program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp2028","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2028","title":"A national study of the streamflow data-collection program","docAbstract":"The streamflow data program of the U.S. Geological Survey was evaluated in a nationwide study during 1970. The principal elements of the study were (1) establishing the objectives and goals of the program, (2) analyzing all available data to determine which of the goals have already been met, (3) considering alternate means of meeting the remaining goals, and (4) identifying the elements which should be included in the future program. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2028","usgsCitation":"Benson, M.A., and Carter, R.W., 1973, A national study of the streamflow data-collection program: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2028, iv, 44 p. :illus. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2028.","productDescription":"iv, 44 p. :illus. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":94697,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2028/report.pdf","size":"4057","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2028/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6ac21c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, Manuel A.","contributorId":41405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Manuel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, Rolland William","contributorId":107257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Rolland","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":943,"text":"wsp1757L - 1973 - Aquifers in the Sokoto basin, northwestern Nigeria, with a description of the general hydrogeology of the region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp1757L","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1757","chapter":"L","title":"Aquifers in the Sokoto basin, northwestern Nigeria, with a description of the general hydrogeology of the region","docAbstract":"The Sokoto Basin of northwestern Nigeria lies in the sub-Saharan Sudan belt of west Africa in a zone of savannah-type vegetation. Rainfall, averaging about 30 inches annually in much of the basin, occurs chiefly in a wet season which lasts from May to October. A prolonged dry season extending from October to April is dominated by dusty harmattan winds from the northeast. April and May are the hottest months, when temperatures occasionally reach 105?F.\r\n\r\nFlow in streams of the Sokoto Basin is mostly overland runoff. Only in a few reaches, fed by ground-water discharge from the sedimentary rocks, are streams perennial. In the River Zamfara basin, ground-water discharge contributes almost 1 inch of the average 3.33 inches of total annual runoff. In the vicinity of Sokoto, the River Rima flows throughout the year sustained by spring discharge from perched ground water in limestone of the Kalambaina Formation. On the crystalline terrane where most of the streams rise, total annual runoff may exceed 5 inches, very little of which is ground-water discharge. \r\n\r\nThe sedimentary rocks of the basin range in age from Cretaceous to Tertiary and are composed mostly of interbedded sand, clay, and some limestone; the beds dip gently toward the northwest. Alluvium of Quaternary age underlies the lowlands of the River Sokoto (now Sokoto) and its principal tributaries. These rocks contain three important artesian aquifers, in addition to regional unconfined ground-water bodies in all the principal outcron areas, and a perched water body in the outcrop of the Kalambaina Formation. Artesian aquifers occur at depth in the Gundumi Formation, the Rima Group, and the Gwandu Formation and are separated from one another by clay beds in the lower part of the Rima Group and the Dange Formation. In outcrop, clay in the Dange Formation also supports the perched water of the Kalambaina Formation. \r\n\r\nThe Gundumi Formation, resting on the basement complex, is composed of varicolored clay, sand, and gravel and attains a thickness of 800 to 1,000 feet in its downdip extensions. Most of the formation is thin bedded and clayey and therefore does not yield large quantities of water to boreholes; the average yield is 2,700 gph (gallons per hour). (All gallons are imperial gallons.) Nevertheless, the upper part of the formation is sandy and more permeable and forms a regional artesian aquifer from which yields of as much as 6,600 gph are obtained from single boreholes. Clay in the lower part of the Rima Group confines the Gundumi aquifer downdip, so that at Rabah and Sokoto, for example, in the River Sokoto fadama (valley floor), artesian flow is found in boreholes screened in the Gundumi. \r\n\r\nAquifer tests indicate low transmissivities, ranging from 300 to 5,000 gpd per ft (gallons per day per foot) in the lower part of the Gundumi Formation; but in the upper sandy zone the transmissivities are much higher, reaching 66,000 gpd per ft. In the western part of the Sokoto Basin, more productive aquifers with higher heads usually lie above the Gundumi aquifer so that it is not attractive for development, except in the River Sokoto fadama where artesian flow is possible. \r\n\r\nThe Illo Group, which is in part contemporaneous with the Gundumi Formation, includes interbedded varicolored clay and grit in the southern part of the Sokoto Basin. The upper part of the Illo is known to be water-bearing; however, except for the test borehole at Mungadi, little is known of its subsurface extent and water-yielding potential. \r\n\r\nOverlying the Gundumi Formation in the central and northern part of the Sokoto Basin are interbedded fine gray sand and dark gray clay of the Wurno and Taloka Formations, separated in the extreme north by clay shale of the Dukamaje Formation. Collectively known as the Rima Group, these sediments attain a thickness of more than 1,000 feet near the Niger border. At depth and downdip the clayey beds practically disappear; the sandy beds become thicker and coar","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1757L","usgsCitation":"Anderson, H., and Ogilbee, W., 1973, Aquifers in the Sokoto basin, northwestern Nigeria, with a description of the general hydrogeology of the region: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1757, v, L79 p. :and portfolio (10 fold. maps, 1 fold. sheet) ;illus.24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1757L.","productDescription":"v, L79 p. :and portfolio (10 fold. maps, 1 fold. sheet) ;illus.24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757l/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25429,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757l/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25430,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757l/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25431,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757l/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25432,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757l/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25433,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757l/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25434,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757l/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25435,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757l/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25436,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757l/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25437,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757l/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25438,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757l/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25439,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757l/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25440,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757l/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":246956,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757l/plate-table_7.pdf","size":"1976","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679f48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, H. R.","contributorId":67487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"H. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ogilbee, William","contributorId":106093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogilbee","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":48179,"text":"ofr73215 - 1973 - Interpretation; Apollo 9 photography of parts of southern Arizona and southern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:46","indexId":"ofr73215","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-215","title":"Interpretation; Apollo 9 photography of parts of southern Arizona and southern New Mexico","docAbstract":"Examination of small-scale (approximately 1:650,000) multispectral photographs obtained on the Apollo 9 mission in March 1969 revealed that in semiarid, regions features due to differences in soils or quantity of vegetation could most easily be discriminated on the color infrared photographs. Where there is sufficient ground truth, it is possible to delineate regional wildland plant communities on the basis of tone, however, the precision of the method may be improved by using photographs obtained two or more times during the year. Sites where vegetation-improvement practices have been completed are not always discernible. For example, where waterspreaders have been constructed, there was sufficient change in the density of vegetation to be readily detected on the photographs; however, pinyon-juniper to grass, conversions or contour furrowing did not always produce a sufficient change in the vegetation to be detected on the photographs.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr73215","usgsCitation":"Owen, J.R., and Shown, L.M., 1973, Interpretation; Apollo 9 photography of parts of southern Arizona and southern New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-215, 16 p. ill. ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73215.","productDescription":"16 p. ill. ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0215/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":84912,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0215/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5dff7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Owen, J. Robert","contributorId":60302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shown, Lynn M.","contributorId":7326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shown","given":"Lynn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":48165,"text":"ofr73157 - 1973 - Water resources of northeast North Carolina above Cape Lookout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T09:45:30","indexId":"ofr73157","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-157","title":"Water resources of northeast North Carolina above Cape Lookout","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr73157","usgsCitation":"Lindskov, K.L., 1973, Water resources of northeast North Carolina above Cape Lookout: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-157, 85 p. ill., maps ; 27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73157.","productDescription":"85 p. ill., maps ; 27 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":162764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Cape Lookout","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.8216552734375,\n 33.8430453147447\n ],\n [\n -77.8216552734375,\n 36.11125252076156\n ],\n [\n -74.8828125,\n 36.11125252076156\n ],\n [\n -74.8828125,\n 33.8430453147447\n ],\n [\n -77.8216552734375,\n 33.8430453147447\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602ee2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindskov, Kenneth L.","contributorId":51809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindskov","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48177,"text":"ofr73203 - 1973 - Water resources outlook for the Minneapolis-Saint Paul Metropolitan Area, Minnesota","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":49254,"text":"ofr72272 - 1972 - Hydrogeologic maps of the Minneapolis-St. Paul artesian basin, Minnesota","indexId":"ofr72272","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeologic maps of the Minneapolis-St. Paul artesian basin, Minnesota"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":48177,"text":"ofr73203 - 1973 - Water resources outlook for the Minneapolis-Saint Paul Metropolitan Area, Minnesota","indexId":"ofr73203","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"title":"Water resources outlook for the Minneapolis-Saint Paul Metropolitan Area, Minnesota"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:38:07","indexId":"ofr73203","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-203","title":"Water resources outlook for the Minneapolis-Saint Paul Metropolitan Area, Minnesota","docAbstract":"

The water resources were studied within an area whose natural ground-water flow is largely towards the center of the metropolitan area. This area coincides with the extent of the Hinckley Sandstone aquifer. Thus, the general geohydrology of the area bounded by the extent of the Hinckley Sandstone (about 6,000 square miles) as it relates to the hydrology of the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area is described. Greater emphasis is placed on the area underlain by the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer (about 2,000 square miles), from which approximately 75 percent of the ground-water for the metropolitan area is pumped.

\n

The study indicates that the surface-water resources of the Twin Cities metropolitan area are used to such an extent that a supply adequate for domestic and industrial needs as well as power plant and sanitary effluent assimilation will not be available during severe drought.

\n

Ground-water is obtained primarily from two aquifer systems: The Prairie du Chien-Jordan and the Mount Simon-Hinckley. In 1970, these aquifers supplied about 90 percent (175 mgd) of the ground-water used in the metropolitan part of the study area. The probable level of development that can be sustained by these two aquifers in the metropolitan area is estimated to be 1,100 mgd; thus, substantial additional ground-water supplies could be developed. However, considerable management and planning would be needed to sustain this level of development.

\n

Maps in this report can be used to select general well-field locations based on consideration of 1) aquifer, 2) depth needed for completion, 3) head availability, 4) location of natural recharge and discharge boundaries, and 5) distance from areas where over-development of ground-water resources is imminent. Because of complexities in the ground-water system, yield estimates, boundary effects, and effects of aquifer interaction may best be determined in a study incorporating the use of a hydrologic model.

\n

Future detailed studies might include elaboration on some of the topics described in this report and the acquisition and interpretation of new data. Major items on which future work might focus are 1) data collection, 2) geohydrologic mapping, 3) hydraulic characteristics of subsurface geohydrologic units, 4) hydrology of lakes, and 5) hydrologic systems modeling

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr73203","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Metropolitan Council of the Twin Cities Area","usgsCitation":"Norvitch, R., Ross, T., and Brietkrietz, A., 1973, Water resources outlook for the Minneapolis-Saint Paul Metropolitan Area, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-203, x, 219 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73203.","productDescription":"x, 219 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":170957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0203/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":84911,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0203/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Twin Cities Metropolitan 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R.F.","contributorId":107742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norvitch","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, T.G.","contributorId":34987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brietkrietz, Alex","contributorId":34111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brietkrietz","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":48212,"text":"ofr73374 - 1973 - Preliminary report on land-surface subsidence in the area of Burnett, Scott, and Crystal Bays near Baytown, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T16:24:59","indexId":"ofr73374","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-374","title":"Preliminary report on land-surface subsidence in the area of Burnett, Scott, and Crystal Bays near Baytown, Texas","docAbstract":"

Removal of water, oil, and gas from the subsurface in Harris County has caused declines in fluid pressures which in turn have resulted in subsidence of the land surface. One critical area of subsidence is in the area of Burnett, Scott, and Crystal Bays near Baytown. Much of this area is now subject to inundation by high tides.

Production of oil and gas from the Goose Creek Field at the southern edge of Baytown had caused as much as 3.25 feet of subsidence by 1925. The subsidence bowl is restricted to the area of production and has not extended to the area of Burnett, Scott, and Crystal Bays.

Withdrawals of water from large-capacity industrial wells, which resulted in declines in artesian pressure, began about 1918; as much as 250 feet of water-pressure decline has occurred in the Evangeline aquifer, Significant subsidence of the land surface probably began about 1920 or later. Possibly as much as 7.5 feet of subsidence had occurred in the area by 1971. 

The study of subsidence in the area of the three bays included the collection of undisturbed clay samples for laboratory analyses, collection of water-level records, and installation and monitoring of pressure transducers in clays and of observation wells in sands.

Probable future subsidence was calculated for two loading situations. Case I provided that the artesian pressure in both the Alta Loma Sand of Rose (1943) and Evangeline aquifer would continue to decline at a rate of 6 feet per year until 1980 and then cease. Case II provided that artesian pressure in the Alta Loma Sand would continue to decline at a rate of about 6 feet per year until about 1995, when the potentiometric head would reach the top of the Alta Loma Sand. The artesian pressure in the Evangeline aquifer would also decline about 6 feet per year until 1995.

The ultimate subsidence expected for the assumed conditions of case I and case II is 11.2 feet and 14.5 feet, respectively. However, only 1.8 feet of subsidence below present land surface would occur if artesian pressures were maintained at their present levels.

To halt subsidence in the near future, artesian pressure must be increased. The most logical method of increasing artesian pressure is by decreasing pumpage rather than repressurization by artificial recharge.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr73374","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Gabrysch, R., 1973, Preliminary report on land-surface subsidence in the area of Burnett, Scott, and Crystal Bays near Baytown, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-374, Document: 25 p.; 13.53 x 8.77 inches and 13.86 x 8.76 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73374.","productDescription":"Document: 25 p.; 13.53 x 8.77 inches and 13.86 x 8.76 inches","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":172123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0374/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":84914,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0374/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84915,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0374/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84916,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0374/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Baytown","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e0f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gabrysch, R.K.","contributorId":105691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gabrysch","given":"R.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9,"text":"wsp1827E - 1973 - Chemical interactions of aluminum with aqueous silica at 25 degrees Celsius","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:10","indexId":"wsp1827E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1827","chapter":"E","title":"Chemical interactions of aluminum with aqueous silica at 25 degrees Celsius","docAbstract":"Solutions containing from 10 -5 to 10 -2 moles per liter of aluminum and dissolved silica in various ratios were aged at pH levels between 4 and 10 at 25?C. A colloidal amorphous product having the composition of halloysite was produced in most solutions. It had a consistent and reversible equilibrium solubility equivalent to a standard free energy of formation of -8974 ? 1.0 kcal per mole for the formula A12Si2O5(OH)4. Some aging times were longer than 4 years, but most solutions gave consistent solubilities after only a few months of aging. Where silica concentrations were below about 10 -4 molar, microcrystalline gibbsite was formed below pH 6.0 and crystalline bayerite above pH 7.0, but only after much longer aging than was required for crystallization in silica-free solutions. \r\n\r\nElectron micrographs and diffraction patterns of the synthesized material indicate some crystallinity in the aluminosilicate, but no X-ray diffraction patterns could be obtained even in the material aged 4 years. \r\n\r\nSolubility relationships for solutions containing fluoride as well as silica and aluminum are explainable by using cryolite stabilities determined in previous work. \r\n\r\nAluminum contents of 51 samples of water analyzed for other purposes are in reasonable agreement with the assumption of equilibrium with amorphous clay mineral species similar to the material synthesized in this work. Solubility calculations are summarized graphically for solutions of ionic strength of 0.01 and 0.10.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1827E","usgsCitation":"Hem, J.D., Roberson, C.E., Lind, C.J., and Polxer, W., 1973, Chemical interactions of aluminum with aqueous silica at 25 degrees Celsius: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1827, iv, 57 p. :illus. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1827E.","productDescription":"iv, 57 p. :illus. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1827e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24601,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1827e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3ac6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hem, John David","contributorId":42577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hem","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberson, C. E.","contributorId":40190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lind, Carol J.","contributorId":36110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lind","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Polxer, W.L.","contributorId":85152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polxer","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":45946,"text":"ofr73348 - 1973 - Part of the Aquae Apolinares region, Viking Mars 1975 landing site 10, M 250 k, rectified and scaled photographs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:57","indexId":"ofr73348","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-348","title":"Part of the Aquae Apolinares region, Viking Mars 1975 landing site 10, M 250 k, rectified and scaled photographs","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr73348","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1973, Part of the Aquae Apolinares region, Viking Mars 1975 landing site 10, M 250 k, rectified and scaled photographs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-348, 1 map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73348.","productDescription":"1 map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":46364,"text":"ofr73344 - 1973 - Mars chart, MC-29, Eridania Quadrangle","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":46364,"text":"ofr73344 - 1973 - Mars chart, MC-29, Eridania Quadrangle","indexId":"ofr73344","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"title":"Mars chart, MC-29, Eridania Quadrangle"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":65857,"text":"i1170 - 1979 - Shaded relief map of the Eridania Quadrangle of Mars","indexId":"i1170","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Shaded relief map of the Eridania Quadrangle of Mars"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":65857,"text":"i1170 - 1979 - Shaded relief map of the Eridania Quadrangle of Mars","indexId":"i1170","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Shaded relief map of the Eridania Quadrangle of Mars"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:59","indexId":"ofr73344","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-344","title":"Mars chart, MC-29, Eridania Quadrangle","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr73344","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1973, Mars chart, MC-29, Eridania Quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-344, 1 map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73344.","productDescription":"1 map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fb30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48180,"text":"ofr73217 - 1973 - Flood of September 1971 in southeastern Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-21T10:55:26","indexId":"ofr73217","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-217","title":"Flood of September 1971 in southeastern Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"

Record-breaking floods on Sept. 13, 1971, occurred in some urbanized basins of southeastern Pennsylvania. This flooding resulted from heavy, intermittent thunderstorms on Sept. 11-13, 1971, which produced 8 to 12 inches of rainfall in the basins of Skippack, Stony, and Chester Creeks. Rain was heaviest during mid-day of the 13th.

Damage to homes, businesses, and public property amounted to many millions of dollars. Twelve persons lost their lives and more than 400 families were driven from their homes. The Chester and Norristown areas were declared Flood Disaster Areas by the Federal and State Governments.

Peak stages and discharges are given for 25 gaging staions and 4 miscellaneous sites.

Flood profiles are shown for Chester Creek, West Branch Chester Creek, and Stony Creek.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Harrisburg, PA","doi":"10.3133/ofr73217","usgsCitation":"Page, L., and Shaw, L.C., 1973, Flood of September 1971 in southeastern Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-217, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73217.","productDescription":"33 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":170960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr73217.PNG"},{"id":330311,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0217/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.91278076171875,\n 39.72303232864369\n ],\n [\n -75.772705078125,\n 39.7240885773337\n ],\n [\n -75.7562255859375,\n 39.75576851405812\n ],\n [\n -75.72738647460938,\n 39.79059962227577\n ],\n [\n -75.69030761718749,\n 39.80853604144591\n ],\n [\n -75.63674926757812,\n 39.829631721333726\n ],\n [\n -75.56259155273438,\n 39.8401771327549\n ],\n [\n -75.48843383789062,\n 39.832795514765444\n ],\n [\n -75.44448852539062,\n 39.818029898770206\n ],\n [\n -75.41427612304688,\n 39.80220607474971\n ],\n [\n -75.40603637695312,\n 39.79376521264885\n ],\n [\n -75.34149169921875,\n 39.832795514765444\n ],\n [\n -75.27145385742188,\n 39.84334044044997\n ],\n [\n -75.20416259765625,\n 39.86442543413277\n ],\n [\n -75.17532348632812,\n 39.88023492849342\n ],\n [\n -75.14511108398436,\n 39.88023492849342\n ],\n [\n -75.12725830078125,\n 39.8992015115692\n ],\n [\n -75.12725830078125,\n 39.92132255884663\n ],\n [\n -75.13137817382812,\n 39.94448932676474\n ],\n [\n -75.11077880859375,\n 39.9634381223102\n ],\n [\n -75.07781982421875,\n 39.97396296240704\n ],\n [\n -75.10940551757812,\n 40.46471114051202\n ],\n [\n -75.90316772460938,\n 40.460531779303466\n ],\n [\n -75.91278076171875,\n 39.72303232864369\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eeb70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, Leland V.","contributorId":44217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Leland V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaw, Lewis C.","contributorId":84433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":48199,"text":"ofr73264 - 1973 - Geohydrology and artificial-recharge potential of the Irvine area, Orange County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:41","indexId":"ofr73264","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-264","title":"Geohydrology and artificial-recharge potential of the Irvine area, Orange County, California","docAbstract":"The Irvine area is in hydraulic continuity with the rest of the coastal plain in Orange County. Factors that distinguish the aquifer section of the Irvine area from that in other parts of the coastal plain are a low permeability, a high clay and silt content, and a thin alluvial sequence. Rapid facies change and the large percentage of silt and clay in the section locally result in confining conditions. The aquifer, most of which is included in the Fernando Formation, is as much as 1,300 feet thick beneath parts of the plain. The alluvium overlying the Fernando Formation averages about 200-250 feet in thickness and also contains significant amounts of silt and clay.\r\n\r\nTransmissivities range from 25,000 to 100,000 gallons per day per foot in the Irvine area, values which are much lower than those in the rest of the coastal plain in Orange County. \r\n\r\nWater levels have recovered as much as 60 feet from the low levels of the early 1950's. Water-level maps indicate that in the winter non-pumping season water tends to move toward upper Newport Bay and the rest of the coastal plain. During the summer pumping season a cone of depression develops, reversing the winter gradient. \r\n\r\nThe average dissolved-solids content of the ground water is about 800 milligrams per liter. The most prevalent cations are sodium and calcium; the most prevalent anions are bicarbonate and sulfate. No long-term degradation of water quality has occurred, with the exception of a slight increase in dissolved solids. \r\n\r\nNo areas in the Irvine area are suitable for the large-scale spreading of water for artificial recharge. Clay and silt predominate in the section beneath the Tustin plain, and in the foothill areas either bedrock is close to the surface or the alluvium is fine grained.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr73264","usgsCitation":"Singer, J.A., 1973, Geohydrology and artificial-recharge potential of the Irvine area, Orange County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-264, 44 p. ill., maps ; 27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73264.","productDescription":"44 p. ill., maps ; 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0264/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":84913,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0264/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8d7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, John A.","contributorId":48976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48130,"text":"ofr7384 - 1973 - Ground-water management, Taunton River basin, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:21","indexId":"ofr7384","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-84","title":"Ground-water management, Taunton River basin, Massachusetts","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr7384","usgsCitation":"Frimpter, M.H., 1973, Ground-water management, Taunton River basin, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-84, 35 p. maps ; 27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7384.","productDescription":"35 p. maps ; 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667475","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frimpter, Michael H.","contributorId":8074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frimpter","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38896,"text":"pp486J - 1973 - Geohydrology of the Needles area, Arizona, California, and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:20","indexId":"pp486J","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"486","chapter":"J","title":"Geohydrology of the Needles area, Arizona, California, and Nevada","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water resources of Lower Colorado River-Salton Sea area","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp486J","usgsCitation":"Metzger, D., and Loeltz, O.J., 1973, Geohydrology of the Needles area, Arizona, California, and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 486, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp486J.","productDescription":"53 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0486j/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65932,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0486j/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65933,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0486j/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65934,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0486j/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65935,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0486j/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8900","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Metzger, D.G.","contributorId":55061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metzger","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loeltz, Omar J.","contributorId":86312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loeltz","given":"Omar","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":48213,"text":"ofr73376 - 1973 - Records of selected water wells and test holes in the Oklahoma Panhandle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T13:44:12","indexId":"ofr73376","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-376","title":"Records of selected water wells and test holes in the Oklahoma Panhandle","docAbstract":"

Since 1963 use of ground water for irrigation in the Oklahoma panhandle has increased greatly as illustrated by the rapid increase in the number of irrigation wells (fig. 1). Because of increased use of ground water, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board, in 1966 began detailed study of the area's ground-water resources. As part of this study, physical data such as well depth, well yield, or water level was collected on approximately 1,500 water wells and test holes; these data are tabulated in this report. This information will be useful to those concerned with development of ground water in the panhandle.

The locations of all known irrigation wells drilled before 1972 and selected domestic and stock wells in Beaver, Cimarron, and Texas Counties are shown in figures 2, 3, and 4, respectively. More wells are shown on the map than are listed in the table because for several hundred wells no information other than location is available.

The generalized section of geologic formations briefly describes the character and water supply available from each unit.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr73376","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, G.L., and Hart, D.L., 1973, Records of selected water wells and test holes in the Oklahoma Panhandle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-376, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73376.","productDescription":"59 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334525,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0376/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":13214,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ok.water.usgs.gov/publications/abstracts/ofr73-376.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":172124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0376/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Beaver County, Cimarron County, Texas County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-100.9441,36.9988],[-100.6337,36.9986],[-100.1079,36.9983],[-100.0902,36.9983],[-100.0024,36.9985],[-100.004,36.8538],[-100.0044,36.76],[-100.0045,36.5917],[-100.0044,36.5849],[-100.0038,36.4998],[-100.1458,36.4998],[-100.3204,36.4999],[-100.5459,36.4994],[-100.7022,36.5],[-100.8939,36.4998],[-100.9524,36.4998],[-101.0908,36.5003],[-101.6255,36.5025],[-101.87,36.5034],[-102.1618,36.5004],[-103.0007,36.5013],[-103.0007,36.5905],[-103.0007,36.6732],[-103.0007,36.7643],[-103.0008,36.9341],[-103.0009,36.999],[-102.7973,36.9988],[-102.7859,36.9988],[-102.7808,36.9986],[-102.7016,36.9958],[-102.6943,36.9957],[-102.6757,36.9956],[-102.5627,36.9962],[-102.5372,36.9963],[-102.5034,36.9963],[-102.4775,36.9963],[-102.4577,36.9961],[-102.3931,36.9955],[-102.351,36.9951],[-102.3247,36.9948],[-102.0423,36.9922],[-102.0417,36.9922],[-102.0281,36.9925],[-101.9881,36.9925],[-101.918,36.9929],[-101.5552,36.9951],[-101.544,36.9952],[-101.2679,36.9967],[-101.0671,36.9978],[-100.9536,36.9988],[-100.9441,36.9988]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Beaver\",\"state\":\"OK\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635792","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, George L.","contributorId":6106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, Donald L. Jr.","contributorId":89946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Donald","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":48206,"text":"ofr73356 - 1973 - Flood of September 3, 1972, in Hillsboro, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-21T13:44:47","indexId":"ofr73356","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-356","title":"Flood of September 3, 1972, in Hillsboro, New Mexico","docAbstract":"

Four deaths, two persons seriously injured, and property damage estimated at $846,500 resulted from a flood that struck the village of Hillsboro, N. Mex. during the early morning hours of September 3, 1972.

\n
\n

Hillsboro is situated at the confluence of Percha Creek and its main tributary, North Percha Creek. Heavy rainfall in the drainage basin upstream from Hillsboro occurred during the night of September 2-3. Peak discharge computed by slope-area measurements indicated that Percha Creek carried a maximum flow of 12,200 cubic feet per second (346 cubic meters per second) and that North Percha Creek carried a flow of 20,900 cubic feet per second (592 cubic meters per second) at points just upstream from Hillsboro. Flood-control facilities in Hillsboro consisting of levees on the south bank of Percha Creek failed and flood waters reached depths of 6 feet (1.8 meters) in Hillsboro.

\n
\n

Hillsboro was declared a disaster area by Governor Bruce King and by President Richard Nixon.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Albuquerque, NM","doi":"10.3133/ofr73356","usgsCitation":"Waite, L.A., 1973, Flood of September 3, 1972, in Hillsboro, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-356, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73356.","productDescription":"19 p.","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287503,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287502,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0356/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Hillsboro","otherGeospatial":"North Percha Creek;Percha Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.023957,32.733482 ], [ -108.023957,33.050668 ], [ -107.224814,33.050668 ], [ -107.224814,32.733482 ], [ -108.023957,32.733482 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5eeae0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, Loyd A.","contributorId":79914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"Loyd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38894,"text":"pp486H - 1973 - Geohydrology of the Yuma area, Arizona and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:20","indexId":"pp486H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"486","chapter":"H","title":"Geohydrology of the Yuma area, Arizona and California","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water resources of Lower Colorado River-Salton Sea area","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp486H","usgsCitation":"Olmsted, F.H., Loeltz, O.J., and Irelan, B., 1973, Geohydrology of the Yuma area, Arizona and California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 486, 226 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp486H.","productDescription":"226 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":104472,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4493.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4493"},{"id":126601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0486h/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65912,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0486h/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65913,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0486h/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65914,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0486h/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65915,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0486h/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65916,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0486h/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65917,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0486h/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65918,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0486h/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65919,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0486h/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65920,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0486h/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65921,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0486h/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65922,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0486h/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65923,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0486h/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65924,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0486h/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65925,"rank":413,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0486h/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65926,"rank":414,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0486h/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65927,"rank":415,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0486h/plate-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65928,"rank":416,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0486h/plate-17.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65929,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0486h/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a88b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olmsted, F. H.","contributorId":24765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olmsted","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loeltz, Omar J.","contributorId":86312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loeltz","given":"Omar","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Irelan, Burdge","contributorId":15991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irelan","given":"Burdge","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":48158,"text":"ofr73139 - 1973 - A plan for study of water resources in the Platte River basin, Nebraska: with special emphasis on the stream-aquifer relations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-01T14:40:55","indexId":"ofr73139","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-139","title":"A plan for study of water resources in the Platte River basin, Nebraska: with special emphasis on the stream-aquifer relations","docAbstract":"

A \"Level B\" study is being made of the Platte River basin in Nebraska. The basin (approximately 40,800 square miles) extends the full length of the State, a distance of nearly 470 miles. The study is a Federal and State interagency effort to formulate a comprehensive plan for the conservation, development, and management of the water and related land resources of the Platte River basin. The technical information for the study will be provided by 14 task forces. This report describes the work of the Level B Stream-Aquifer Hydrology Task Force (Task Force 13). The U.S. Geological Survey is the lead agency for this task force.

Task Force 13 will provide the agencies participating in the Level B study with a quantitative description of the operation of the hydrologic system with emphasis on the relation of ground water to surface water. A digital model will be developed to simulate the physical character and operation of the stream-aquifer system. After the model has been calibrated with field data, it will be used to evaluate the effect of proposed projects. Some of the uses of the model are evaluation of effects of proposed conjunctive use projects, effects of changes in water use, and study of future water problems such as water-logged areas, groundwater mining, and streamflow depletion.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr73139","usgsCitation":"Keech, C., Moore, J., and Emery, P.A., 1973, A plan for study of water resources in the Platte River basin, Nebraska: with special emphasis on the stream-aquifer relations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-139, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73139.","productDescription":"36 p.","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0139/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359082,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0139/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Platte River Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab77e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keech, C.F.","contributorId":67941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keech","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, J.E.","contributorId":34927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Emery, P. A.","contributorId":49392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emery","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}