Toxicity tests are commonly conducted as a measure of the bioavailability of toxic chemicals to biota in an environment. Chemical analyses alone are insufficient to determine whether contaminants pose a threat to biota. Porewater toxicity tests are extremely sensitive to a broad range of contaminants in marine environments and provide ecologically relevant data on sensitive life stages. The inclusion of porewater toxicity testing as an additional indicator of sediment quality provides a more comprehensive picture of contaminant effects in these sensitive habitats.
\nIn this study purple-spined sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) fertilization and embryological development porewater toxicity tests were used to evaluate the sediments collected from the coastal environment around Hanalei Bay, Kaua’i, Hawaii. These tests have been used previously to assess the bioavailability of contaminants associated with sediments in the vicinity of coral reefs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Corpus Christi, TX","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061147","usgsCitation":"Carr, R.S., Nipper, M., Field, M., and Biedenbach, J.M., 2006, Coastal circulation and sediment dynamics in Hanalei Bay, Kaua'i, Hawaii. Part III: Studies of sediment toxicity (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1147, ii, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061147.","productDescription":"ii, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"63","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061147.PNG"},{"id":405556,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_77323.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":295191,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1147/of2006-1147.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":8401,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1147/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hanalei Bay, Kauai","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.52560424804688,\n 22.202981274057798\n ],\n [\n -159.49161529541016,\n 22.202981274057798\n ],\n [\n -159.49161529541016,\n 22.240484412123436\n ],\n [\n -159.52560424804688,\n 22.240484412123436\n ],\n [\n -159.52560424804688,\n 22.202981274057798\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aebd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, Robert S.","contributorId":9361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nipper, Marion","contributorId":56273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nipper","given":"Marion","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Field, Michael","contributorId":60335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biedenbach, James M.","contributorId":64353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biedenbach","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":77851,"text":"cir1289 - 2006 - USGS Mineral Resources Program--Supporting Stewardship of America's Natural Resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:13","indexId":"cir1289","displayToPublicDate":"2006-08-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1289","title":"USGS Mineral Resources Program--Supporting Stewardship of America's Natural Resources","docAbstract":"The USGS Mineral Resources Program continues a tradition of Federal leadership in the science of mineral resources that extends back before the beginning of the bureau. The need for information on metallic mineral resources helped lead to the creation of the USGS in 1879. In response to the need to assess large areas of Federal lands in the 20th century, Program scientists developed, tested, and refined tools to support managers making land-use decisions on Federal lands. The refinement of the tools and techniques that have established the USGS as a leader in the world in our ability to conduct mineral resource assessments extends into the 21st century. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/cir1289","collaboration":"With a section on Evolution of Mineral Resource Assessments \r\nBy Kathleen M. 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","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.1131208","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., 2006, A new class of earthquake observations: Science, v. 313, no. 5787, p. 619-620, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1131208.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"619","endPage":"620","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415235,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"313","issue":"5787","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, Frederick 0000-0002-4060-2706 fpollitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-2706","contributorId":139578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"Frederick","email":"fpollitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70184328,"text":"70184328 - 2006 - Investigating ebullition in a sand column using dissolved gas analysis and reactive transport modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T09:32:48","indexId":"70184328","displayToPublicDate":"2006-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigating ebullition in a sand column using dissolved gas analysis and reactive transport modeling","docAbstract":"Ebullition of gas bubbles through saturated sediments can enhance the migration of gases through the subsurface, affect the rate of biogeochemical processes, and potentially enhance the emission of important greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. To better understand the parameters controlling ebullition, methanogenic conditions were produced in a column experiment and ebullition through the column was monitored and quantified through dissolved gas analysis and reactive transport modeling. Dissolved gas analysis showed rapid transport of CH4 vertically through the column at rates several times faster than the bromide tracer and the more soluble gas CO2, indicating that ebullition was the main transport mechanism for CH4. An empirically derived formulation describing ebullition was integrated into the reactive transport code MIN3P allowing this process to be investigated on the REV scale in a complex geochemical framework. The simulations provided insights into the parameters controlling ebullition and show that, over the duration of the experiment, 36% of the CH4 and 19% of the CO2 produced were transported to the top of the column through ebullition.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es0602501","usgsCitation":"Amos, R.T., and Mayer, K.U., 2006, Investigating ebullition in a sand column using dissolved gas analysis and reactive transport modeling: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 17, p. 5361-5367, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0602501.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"5361","endPage":"5367","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4fce4b014cc3a3ba514","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amos, Richard T.","contributorId":69081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amos","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayer, K. 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Here water commonly flows between lakes and ground water, indicating interrelation between water quantity and quality. Thus concerns exist that poorer quality ground water may degrade local lake ecosystems. This concern has led to water-quality sampling in cooperation with the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation and the Matanuska-Susitna Borough. A map showing the estimated altitude of the water table illustrates potential ground-water flow directions and areas where ground- and surface-water exchanges and interactions might occur. Water quality measured in selected wells and lakes indicates some differences between ground water and surface water. 'The temporal and spatial scarcity of ground-water-level and water-quality data limits the analysis of flow direction and water quality. Regionally, the water-table map indicates that ground water in the eastern and southern parts of the study area flows southerly. In the northcentral area, ground water flows predominately westerly then southerly. Although ground and surface water in most areas of the Matanuska-Susitna Valley are interconnected, they are chemically different. Analyses of the few water-quality samples collected in the area indicate that dissolved nitrite plus nitrate and orthophosphorus concentrations are higher in ground water than in surface water.'
","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061209","usgsCitation":"Moran, E.H., and Solin, G.L., 2006, Preliminary Water-Table Map and Water-Quality Data for Part of the Matanuska-Susitna Valley, Alaska, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1209, v, 43 p.; 1 plate; 7 figs.; 2 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061209.","productDescription":"v, 43 p.; 1 plate; 7 figs.; 2 tables","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110667,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_77318.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"77318"},{"id":8392,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1209/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -150.08333333333334,61.4 ], [ -150.08333333333334,61.65 ], [ -149.15,61.65 ], [ -149.15,61.4 ], [ -150.08333333333334,61.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acbe4b07f02db67e365","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, Edward H. emoran@usgs.gov","contributorId":5445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Edward","email":"emoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solin, Gary L. glsolin@usgs.gov","contributorId":5675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solin","given":"Gary","email":"glsolin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":288835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":77703,"text":"fs20053136 - 2006 - Automated Crest-Stage Gage Application in Ephemeral Streams in New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:00","indexId":"fs20053136","displayToPublicDate":"2006-08-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3136","title":"Automated Crest-Stage Gage Application in Ephemeral Streams in New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20053136","usgsCitation":"Waltemeyer, S.D., 2006, Automated Crest-Stage Gage Application in Ephemeral Streams in New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3136, 4 p.; 5 figs.; 1 table, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053136.","productDescription":"4 p.; 5 figs.; 1 table","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":8393,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3136/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":120829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3136.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6680d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waltemeyer, Scott D.","contributorId":101709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waltemeyer","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":77649,"text":"wdrMDDEDC052 - 2006 - Water resources data Maryland, Delaware, and Washington, D.C., water year 2005, Volume 2. 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Locations of groundwater- quality sites are shown on figure 8. The data in this report represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, local, and Federal agencies in Maryland, Delaware, and Washington, D.C.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMDDEDC052","usgsCitation":"Curtin, S.E., Bringman, D.A., and Marchand, E., 2006, Water resources data Maryland, Delaware, and Washington, D.C., water year 2005, Volume 2. 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Scientific specimens housed in museum collections not only open an important window into the current and past diversity of life on Earth, but also play a vital role in fueling cutting-edge scientific research in many disciplines. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Fort Collins Science Center (FORT) curates a collection of vertebrates from the Intermountain and Southwestern United States that is used by researchers from around the globe. As one of the largest Federal natural history collections in the western United States, the USGS specimen holdings offer unique opportunities to study the fauna of this incredibly diverse and unique region.
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