The population of southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) at San Nicolas Island, California, has been monitored annually since the translocation of 140 southern sea otters to the island was completed in 1990. Monitoring efforts have varied in frequency and type across years. In 2017, the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service initiated a southern sea otter monitoring and research plan to determine the effects of military readiness activities on the growth or decline of the southern sea otter population at San Nicolas Island. The southern sea otter is the only subspecies of sea otter in California (hereafter, “sea otter\"). The monitoring program, at its basic level, includes seasonal surveys of population abundance, distribution, and foraging activity. From 2020 to 2023, we measured a 10-percent per annum increase in population abundance (95-percent confidence interval =0–20 percent), with 146 total individuals as of April 2023. Coinciding with the recent population growth, the sea otter distribution, which previously tended to concentrate on the island’s west end during 2003–2006 before shifting toward more use in the north and south sides during 2017–2019, appears to have shifted again during 2020–2023 to concentrate at the island’s east end. Forage data were collected between February 2020 and April 2023. There was a total of 773 forage dives in 60 forage bouts, with most of the identified prey on successful dives (n=401) recorded as sea urchins (66 percent), followed by bivalves (15 percent), snails (12 percent), and crabs (5.2 percent). Two lobsters and three abalone also were identified among the sea otter prey. Estimates of energy intake rates averaged 14.0 kilocalories per minute (95-percent confidence interval =10.8–17.2 kilocalories per minute). Monitoring data from the past two decades indicate that sea otters at San Nicolas Island have maintained a steady pattern of energy intake and population growth characteristic of a robust population, including a sixfold growth between 2000 and 2023. There was no conclusive evidence of density-dependent effects based on these patterns; however, estimates of energy intake rates for 2020–2023 were slightly lower than previous estimates from 2017 to 2019. Additionally, subtidal monitoring results at four sites around San Nicolas Island indicated that counts of purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) have increased between 2003 and 2023, whereas sea otter foraging surveys completed during the same period revealed that some sea otters have shifted toward higher consumption of purple sea urchins and bivalves compared to red sea urchins (S. fransicanus), which generally are the preferred larger prey of sea otters. These results contribute to the understanding of population dynamics and to the conservation and planning of future monitoring and research of sea otters at San Nicolas Island.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231071","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Navy","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Yee, J.L., Tomoleoni, J.A., Kenner, M.C., Fujii, J.A., Bentall, G.B., Staedler, M.M., and Hatfield, B.B., 2023, Southern (California) sea otter population status and trends at San Nicolas Island, 2020–2023: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1071, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231071.","productDescription":"vii, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-155128","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420734,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231071/full"},{"id":420730,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1071/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":420731,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1071/ofr20231071.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":420732,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1071/ofr20231071.xml"},{"id":420733,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1071/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Nicolas Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.41914133101146,\n 33.23095571590274\n ],\n [\n -119.5256785251456,\n 33.28967086732948\n ],\n [\n -119.583789721946,\n 33.28157457228808\n ],\n [\n -119.57410452247933,\n 33.24816941739742\n ],\n [\n -119.54504892407897,\n 33.22791765206338\n ],\n [\n -119.47119927814498,\n 33.20867413062352\n ],\n [\n -119.43730108001157,\n 33.21576434144701\n ],\n [\n -119.41914133101146,\n 33.23095571590274\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
Landscape-scale conservation planning is urgent given the extent of anthropogenic land-use change and its pervasive impacts on Earth’s biodiversity. However, such efforts are hindered by disagreements over the effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity that have persisted since the mid-1970s. We contend that nearly 50 years later, these disagreements have become a locked-in debate characterized by polarized, unproductive discourse and a lack of consistent guidance for landscape managers and policy makers. Here, we highlight the need for a unified set of principles regarding conservation in fragmented landscapes, identify potential reasons for disparate conclusions in fragmentation research, and suggest ways for the ecological community to advance research that leads to consensus rather than the perpetuation of disagreement. Explicit efforts to develop and test multiple competing hypotheses, inter-laboratory collaborations, and acknowledgement of multiple interacting effects will be vital for moving the fragmentation debate forward. We argue that we in the ecology community should be responsible for helping to reconcile different views across scales, systems, and methodological approaches to advance conservation planning within a landscape ecology framework.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10980-023-01708-9","usgsCitation":"Valente, J., Gannon, D.G., Hightower, J., Kim, H., Leimberger, K.G., Macedo, R., Rousseau, J., Weldy, M., Zitomer, R., Fahrig, L., Fletcher, R., Wu, J., and Betts, M., 2023, Toward conciliation in the habitat fragmentation and biodiversity debate: Landscape Ecology, v. 38, p. 2717-2730, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-023-01708-9.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2717","endPage":"2730","ipdsId":"IP-151968","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-023-01708-9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432150,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valente, Jonathon Joseph 0000-0002-6519-3523","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6519-3523","contributorId":340615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valente","given":"Jonathon Joseph","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gannon, Dustin G.","contributorId":340617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gannon","given":"Dustin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hightower, Jessica","contributorId":340619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hightower","given":"Jessica","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kim, Hankyu","contributorId":340621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kim","given":"Hankyu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81639,"text":"University of Wisconsin – Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leimberger, Kara G.","contributorId":340622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leimberger","given":"Kara","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Macedo, Rossana","contributorId":340623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Macedo","given":"Rossana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rousseau, Josee","contributorId":340624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rousseau","given":"Josee","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Weldy, Matthew","contributorId":340625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weldy","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Zitomer, Rachel","contributorId":340626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zitomer","given":"Rachel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Fahrig, Lenore","contributorId":340627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fahrig","given":"Lenore","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Fletcher, Robert J. Jr.","contributorId":340628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Robert J.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wu, Jianguo","contributorId":340629,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wu","given":"Jianguo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Betts, Matthew G.","contributorId":340630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Betts","given":"Matthew G.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70248283,"text":"cir1510 - 2023 - Colorado River Basin Actionable and Strategic Integrated Science and Technology (ASIST) pilot project progress toward an information management and technology plan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-12T18:55:36.46567","indexId":"cir1510","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-12T10:25:00","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1510","displayTitle":"Colorado River Basin Actionable and Strategic Integrated Science and Technology (ASIST) Pilot Project Progress Toward an Information Management and Technology Plan","title":"Colorado River Basin Actionable and Strategic Integrated Science and Technology (ASIST) pilot project progress toward an information management and technology plan","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey carries out a wide variety of multidisciplinary science projects through the Bureau’s regions, mission areas, programs, and science centers. However, this structure can limit interactions among individual scientists, segregate data holdings, and make it difficult to apply holistic, interdisciplinary science. In addition, technological advances in sensors, data storage and analysis, computing power, and networking have resulted in an exponential growth in the volume, variety, and complexity of data. To address some of these challenges, the U.S. Geological Survey initiated the Colorado River Basin Actionable and Strategic Integrated Science and Technology (ASIST) pilot project to facilitate interdisciplinary science in the drought-stricken basin and apply information management and technology (IMT) resources that can be used to deliver actionable science efficiently and effectively.
In fiscal year 2021, the Data Management and Advanced Technology subgroup of the ASIST pilot project worked toward developing an IMT plan that includes several advanced IMT solutions that are being implemented Bureau-wide by the Office of the Associate Chief Information Officer. This plan identifies applications, opportunities, and steps to leverage new and existing technologies, data, models, and knowledge to support integrated science projects across the Colorado River Basin. The subgroup also created an inventory of available IMT resources and their locations. The Colorado River Basin ASIST pilot project also developed a multiyear approach to build capacity for supporting integrated science projects in the Colorado River Basin, which provides an advanced IMT framework for expediting the production of interdisciplinary science related to the basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1510","usgsCitation":"Anderson, E.D., Erxleben, J.R., Qi, S.L., Monroe, A.P., and Dahm, K.G., 2023, Colorado River Basin Actionable and Strategic Integrated Science and Technology (ASIST) pilot project progress toward an information management and technology plan: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1510, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1510.","productDescription":"viii, 10 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-131022","costCenters":[{"id":64844,"text":"Rocky Mountain Region Director’s Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420721,"rank":9,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1510/images"},{"id":420626,"rank":8,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221040","text":"USGS Open-File Report 2022-1040","linkHelpText":"Presented Abstracts from the U.S. Geological Survey 2020 Rocky Mountain Region Science Exchange (September 15–17, 2020)"},{"id":420625,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20223051","text":"USGS Fact Sheet 2022-3051","linkHelpText":"U.S. Geological Survey Colorado River Basin Actionable and Strategic Integrated Science and Technology (ASIST)—Information Management Technology Plan"},{"id":420590,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20223016","text":"USGS Fact Sheet 2022-3016","linkHelpText":"Colorado River Basin Actionable and Strategic Integrated Science and Technology (ASIST)"},{"id":420589,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20223010","text":"USGS Fact Sheet 2022-3010","linkHelpText":"Addressing Stakeholder Science Needs for Integrated Drought Science in the Colorado River Basin"},{"id":420624,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1502","text":"USGS Circular 1502","linkHelpText":"Colorado River Basin Actionable and Strategic Integrated Science and Technology Project—Science Strategy"},{"id":420627,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1483","text":"USGS Circular 1483","linkHelpText":"Rocky Mountain Region Science Exchange 2020—EarthMAP and the Colorado River Basin"},{"id":420588,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1510/cir1510.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Circular 1510"},{"id":420587,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1510/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":420735,"rank":11,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/cir1510/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Circular 1510"},{"id":420722,"rank":10,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1510/cir1510.xml"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.50163992210821,\n 41.074060046257415\n ],\n [\n -117.48373547769216,\n 41.074060046257415\n ],\n [\n -117.48373547769216,\n 30.63237394457815\n ],\n [\n -107.50163992210821,\n 30.63237394457815\n ],\n [\n -107.50163992210821,\n 41.074060046257415\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Region 7 - Upper Colorado Basin
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS 911
Denver, CO 80225
At least 28 rhyolitic lava flows, domes, and tuffs erupted within Yellowstone caldera following its formation 631 ka. Understanding the timing of intracaldera eruptions is essential for characterizing natural hazards posed by Yellowstone volcano. We present 40Ar/39Ar eruption ages for the Mallard Lake Member and Central Plateau Member of the Plateau Rhyolite, which comprise products from 22 eruptions spanning ~160 to ~70 ka. These eruptions occurred along two linear vent zones within Yellowstone caldera that appear to be extensions of major extracaldera normal faults. Eruptions took place in five brief clusters with group mean ages of 160.3±1.0 ka (2σ), 149.8±4.0 ka, 111.4±0.9 ka, 104.1±0.8 ka, and 70.8±0.7 ka. All mapped products within each informal group have indistinguishable 40Ar/39Ar eruption ages implying brief eruption durations. Eruption products of each group are spatially clustered, with only one of the two linear vent zones being active during an eruption group. Using the oldest group (160 ka), we apply paleomagnetic and geochemical analyses to investigate the duration of these eruption groups and their pre-eruptive magma reservoir configuration. Paleomagnetic analyses suggest that the nine rhyolite eruptions ~160 ka spanned 400 years or less. Glass and sanidine compositions of each rhyolite are nearly identical, which is consistent with pre-eruptive storage of a large (~130 km3), interconnected melt body within Yellowstone volcano’s crystal-rich magma reservoir. These characteristics differ from intracaldera eruptions that vented near the caldera’s inner ring fracture system, which tend to be compositionally disparate with less temporal clustering. These insights inform hazard mitigation scenarios.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-023-01665-w","usgsCitation":"Stelten, M.E., Thomas, N., Pivarunas, A.F., and Champion, D., 2023, Spatio-temporal clustering of post-caldera eruptions at Yellowstone caldera: Implications for volcanic hazards and pre-eruptive magma reservoir configuration: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 85, 55, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-023-01665-w.","productDescription":"55, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-149618","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":463430,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.22561482399402,\n 44.83049864170741\n ],\n [\n -111.22561482399402,\n 44.2156442066198\n ],\n [\n -110.17048259518441,\n 44.2156442066198\n ],\n [\n -110.17048259518441,\n 44.83049864170741\n ],\n [\n -111.22561482399402,\n 44.83049864170741\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stelten, Mark E. 0000-0002-5294-3161 mstelten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5294-3161","contributorId":145923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stelten","given":"Mark","email":"mstelten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":917380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Nicole 0000-0001-8636-0418 nithomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8636-0418","contributorId":291995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Nicole","email":"nithomas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":917381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pivarunas, Anthony Francis 0000-0002-0003-2059","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0003-2059","contributorId":301014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pivarunas","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"Francis","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":917382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Champion, Duane 0000-0001-7854-9034","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-9034","contributorId":345735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Champion","given":"Duane","affiliations":[{"id":55498,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey, Emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":917383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70248453,"text":"70248453 - 2023 - Comment on “A new decade in seismoacoustics (2010–2022)” by Fransiska Dannemann Dugick, Clinton Koch, Elizabeth Berg, Stephen Arrowsmith, and Sarah Albert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-04T17:15:29.773582","indexId":"70248453","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-12T08:40:25","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on “A new decade in seismoacoustics (2010–2022)” by Fransiska Dannemann Dugick, Clinton Koch, Elizabeth Berg, Stephen Arrowsmith, and Sarah Albert","docAbstract":"An increase in seismic stations also having microbarographs has led to increased interest in the field of seismoacoustics. A review of the recent advances in this field can be found in Dannemann Dugick et al. (2023). The goal of this note is to draw the attention of the readers of Dannemann Dugick et al. (2023) to several additional interactions between the solid Earth and atmosphere that have not been classically considered in the field of seismoacoustics. The 15 January 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha‘api eruption produced acoustic gravity waves that were recorded globally. For example, the Lamb wave from this eruption produced early‐arriving and long‐lasting tsunami waves. This eruption also provided globally recorded coupling of atmospheric modes with solid Earth modes, providing another example of the complex interactions that can occur at the boundary between the atmosphere and the solid Earth. Even in the absence of large atmospheric signals, collocated pressure sensors at seismic stations can be a useful tool for estimating the local substructure, such at VS30, the average shear velocity of the upper 30 m. Finally, at low frequencies, it is possible to use pressure records to correct out atmospheric disturbances recorded on seismometers. We briefly review the aforementioned, nontraditional seismoacoustic topics that we feel are important to consider as part of the full suite of interactions occurring between the solid Earth and atmosphere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120230111","usgsCitation":"Ringler, A.T., Anthony, R.E., Shiro, B., Tanimoto, T., and Wilson, D.C., 2023, Comment on “A new decade in seismoacoustics (2010–2022)” by Fransiska Dannemann Dugick, Clinton Koch, Elizabeth Berg, Stephen Arrowsmith, and Sarah Albert: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 113, no. 6, p. 2746-2752, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120230111.","startPage":"2746","endPage":"2752","ipdsId":"IP-154575","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420788,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ringler, Adam T. 0000-0002-9839-4188 aringler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-4188","contributorId":3946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"Adam","email":"aringler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":882970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anthony, Robert 0000-0001-7089-8846 reanthony@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-8846","contributorId":202829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Robert","email":"reanthony@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":882971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shiro, Brian 0000-0001-8756-288X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8756-288X","contributorId":204040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shiro","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":882972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tanimoto, Toshiro","contributorId":303974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanimoto","given":"Toshiro","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36524,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, David C. 0000-0003-2582-5159 dwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-5159","contributorId":145580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"David","email":"dwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":882974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70248757,"text":"70248757 - 2023 - Application of a catch multiple survey analysis for Atlantic horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus in the Delaware Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-20T15:08:03.924703","indexId":"70248757","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-12T07:03:22","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2680,"text":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Application of a catch multiple survey analysis for Atlantic horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus in the Delaware Bay","title":"Application of a catch multiple survey analysis for Atlantic horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus in the Delaware Bay","docAbstract":"This paper applies a catch multiple survey analysis (CMSA) to Atlantic horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus in the Delaware Bay to generate robust population estimates for harvest management. Currently, horseshoe crabs along the U.S. Atlantic coast are harvested as bait for other fisheries and collected for their blood, which is used in a biomedical industry. The Delaware Bay is home to the largest population of horseshoe crabs and is a significant stopover for shorebirds to rebuild energy by consuming horseshoe crab eggs prior to completing their northward migration. To address this interrelationship, the Adaptive Resource Management (ARM) Framework has been used since 2013 to ensure that horseshoe crab harvest within the region takes into account the forage needs of migratory birds. Since its inception, the ARM Framework has used a single trawl survey's swept area-based population estimates of horseshoe crab relative abundance and a theoretical population model developed primarily from literature-derived values. With more data collected in the region in recent years and other sources of mortality that can now be quantified, a catch survey model can provide horseshoe crab population estimates going forward.
A CMSA was used to estimate male and female horseshoe crab population size for 2003–2021 using all quantifiable sources of mortality and three fishery-independent indices of abundance.
The CMSA results indicated that adult abundance of male and female horseshoe crabs was stable from 2003 to 2013 and then began to increase through 2017, a result that is consistent with stock rebuilding following a period of harvest restrictions as recommended by the ARM Framework. Population estimates were lower in recent years but remained above the levels estimated before implementation of the ARM Framework. In 2021, the CMSA estimated that there were over 6 million mature females and nearly 16 million mature male horseshoe crabs in the region.
The CMSA provides the best and most comprehensive population estimates of horseshoe crabs in Delaware Bay and will improve modeling efforts within the ARM Framework going forward.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/mcf2.10250","usgsCitation":"Anstead, K.A., Sweka, J., Barry, L., Hallerman, E., Smith, D.R., Ameral, N., Schmidtke, M., and Wong, R.A., 2023, Application of a catch multiple survey analysis for Atlantic horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus in the Delaware Bay: Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, v. 15, no. 5, e10250, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10250.","productDescription":"e10250, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-154235","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10250","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":420973,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.0255903899312,\n 40.963933240903344\n ],\n [\n -76.0255903899312,\n 37.040030719320384\n ],\n [\n -73.65356124067296,\n 37.040030719320384\n ],\n [\n -73.65356124067296,\n 40.963933240903344\n ],\n [\n -76.0255903899312,\n 40.963933240903344\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anstead, Kristen A.","contributorId":329847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anstead","given":"Kristen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":883459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sweka, John A.","contributorId":288581,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sweka","given":"John A.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barry, Linda","contributorId":329848,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barry","given":"Linda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":883461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hallerman, Eric M.","contributorId":279474,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hallerman","given":"Eric M.","affiliations":[{"id":36967,"text":"Virginia Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, David R. 0000-0001-9560-5210 dvsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9560-5210","contributorId":329849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"dvsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ameral, Natalie","contributorId":329850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ameral","given":"Natalie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":883464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schmidtke, Michael","contributorId":329851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidtke","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":883465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wong, Richard A.","contributorId":329852,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wong","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":883466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70248365,"text":"ofr20231065 - 2023 - Status, trend, and monitoring effectiveness of Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) at sea abundance and reproductive output off central California, 1999–2021","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-12T13:52:06.86719","indexId":"ofr20231065","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-11T15:19:44","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-1065","displayTitle":"Status, Trend, and Monitoring Effectiveness of Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) at Sea Abundance and Reproductive Output off Central California, 1999–2021","title":"Status, trend, and monitoring effectiveness of Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) at sea abundance and reproductive output off central California, 1999–2021","docAbstract":"Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) have been listed as “endangered” by the State of California and “threatened” by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service since 1992 in California, Oregon, and Washington. Information regarding murrelet abundance, distribution, and habitat associations is critical for risk assessment, effective management, evaluation of conservation efficacy, and ultimately, the meeting of Federal- and State-mandated recovery efforts. From 1999 to present, line-transect surveys have been performed to estimate at-sea abundance and reproductive output of Marbled Murrelets in the marine environment in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Conservation Zone 6 (San Francisco Bay to Point Sur in central California). Using this long-term annual time series, we developed a new and comprehensive analytical framework to estimate annual murrelet abundance and trend at sea, evaluated the effectiveness of spatial and temporal components of the monitoring study design, assessed two measures of annual murrelet reproductive output, and developed new spatial models to map murrelet at-sea density and estimate model-based annual at-sea abundances. The long-term average, design-based after-hatch-year (AHY) abundance estimate for the study area was 376 murrelets (range: 163–586 annually), and we did not detect any significant trend during the 23 years of monitoring. Spatial-model-based AHY abundance estimates were similar to design-based estimates but with smaller estimated variance. The AHY murrelets were most abundant nearshore, with little annual variation; alongshore, distribution was more annually variable, and some long-term hotspots occurred, particularly around Point Año Nuevo. The AHY murrelet densities were greatest in July and least in June and August. The long-term average hatch-year (HY) abundance estimate was 13 murrelets (range: 0–31 annually), and the long-term average HY:AHY ratio was 0.052; both metrics indicated similar interannual patterns. Evidence of a significant trend in either metric of reproductive output was not detected; although large overlap among interannual abundance and ratio estimates at the 95-percent confidence interval level made it difficult to evaluate interannual differences. Despite the apparent long-term stability in murrelet abundance in this region from 1999 to 2021, future long-term annual monitoring at sea will be critical to determine if the large-scale August 2020 CZU Santa Cruz Mountain wildfire that occurred adjacent to our study area affects local murrelet at-sea abundance and distribution. We also evaluated potential changes to survey and analytical design that could benefit this monitoring program in the future. Results indicated that eliminating the offshore stratum, focusing more effort on the nearshore stratum, and doing fewer surveys focused on a narrower timeframe could maintain or improve AHY trend estimates while preserving the ability to compare them to past years.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231065","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Felis, J., Adams, J., and Becker, B., 2023, Status, trend, and monitoring effectiveness of Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) at sea abundance and reproductive output off central California, 1999–2021: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1065, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231065.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 47 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"47","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-147273","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420681,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F75B01RW","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"Felis, J.J., Adams, J., Peery, M.Z., Henry, R.W., Henkel, L.A., Becker, B.H., and Halbert, P., 2022, Annual marbled murrelet abundance and productivity surveys off central California (Zone 6), 1999–2021 (ver. 4.0, May 2022): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F75B01RW.","linkHelpText":"Annual marbled murrelet abundance and productivity surveys off central California (Zone 6), 1999–2021 (ver. 4.0, May 2022)"},{"id":420675,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1065/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":420676,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1065/ofr20231065.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":420677,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1065/ofr20231065.xml"},{"id":420678,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1065/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.02806862776823,\n 36.92229477756594\n ],\n [\n -121.92468779073133,\n 36.98296517484485\n ],\n [\n -122.46905251075435,\n 37.54475259884556\n ],\n [\n -122.79696360323157,\n 37.35110782152849\n ],\n [\n -122.23483030184242,\n 36.782698937994695\n ],\n [\n -122.02806862776823,\n 36.92229477756594\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
Species status assessments are used to inform U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decision making for Endangered Species Act (ESA) classification decisions, recovery planning, and more. The large number of species that require assessment and uncertainty in the data available impede the process of assigning and completing the assessments, which makes creating a multiyear work plan extremely difficult. An optimized triaging system that maximizes the use of the best available information while managing the complex ESA workload and meeting deadlines is necessary. We used a structured decision-making framework to approach the problem with the goal of creating a prioritization tool that would be effective at scheduling assessments, given the best information available and priorities of the USFWS. We collected data on the species awaiting assessment and developed a value function that incorporates existing deadlines, taxonomic uncertainty, controversy of the species, and population and habitat data availability and quality. We used a constrained linear optimization algorithm to maximize the value function and ensure that workload capacity was not exceeded. A comparison of model scenarios indicates that imposed deadlines impact the model more than capacity constraints. Additionally, differential weighting of the metrics significantly affected the outcome of the model. In the future, elicitation of metric weights should be done routinely before the model is run for use in official planning to ensure alignment with current USFWS priorities. Output from this optimization can be used to inform a five-year work plan, allocate resources, and discuss workforce decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Informs","doi":"10.1287/deca.2023.0026","usgsCitation":"Goode, A.B., Rivenbark, E., Gilbert, J.A., and McGowan, C., 2023, Prioritization of species status assessments for decision support: Decision Analysis, v. 20, no. 4, p. 311-325, https://doi.org/10.1287/deca.2023.0026.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"325","ipdsId":"IP-151407","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":432041,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goode, Ashley B.C.","contributorId":332463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goode","given":"Ashley","middleInitial":"B.C.","affiliations":[{"id":33268,"text":"USDA-ARS Aquatic Weed Research Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rivenbark, Erin","contributorId":340546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rivenbark","given":"Erin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilbert, Jessica A.","contributorId":340547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGowan, Conor P. 0000-0002-7330-9581 cmcgowan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7330-9581","contributorId":3381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGowan","given":"Conor P.","email":"cmcgowan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":907352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70248680,"text":"70248680 - 2023 - A synergistic future for AI and ecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-18T14:17:54.235709","indexId":"70248680","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-11T09:13:26","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3164,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A synergistic future for AI and ecology","docAbstract":"Research in both ecology and AI strives for predictive understanding of complex systems, where nonlinearities arise from multidimensional interactions and feedbacks across multiple scales. After a century of independent, asynchronous advances in computational and ecological research, we foresee a critical need for intentional synergy to meet current societal challenges against the backdrop of global change. These challenges include understanding the unpredictability of systems-level phenomena and resilience dynamics on a rapidly changing planet. Here, we spotlight both the promise and the urgency of a convergence research paradigm between ecology and AI. Ecological systems are a challenge to fully and holistically model, even using the most prominent AI technique today: deep neural networks. Moreover, ecological systems have emergent and resilient behaviors that may inspire new, robust AI architectures and methodologies. We share examples of how challenges in ecological systems modeling would benefit from advances in AI techniques that are themselves inspired by the systems they seek to model. Both fields have inspired each other, albeit indirectly, in an evolution toward this convergence. We emphasize the need for more purposeful synergy to accelerate the understanding of ecological resilience whilst building the resilience currently lacking in modern AI systems, which have been shown to fail at times because of poor generalization in different contexts. Persistent epistemic barriers would benefit from attention in both disciplines. The implications of a successful convergence go beyond advancing ecological disciplines or achieving an artificial general intelligence—they are critical for both persisting and thriving in an uncertain future.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2220283120","usgsCitation":"Han, B.A., Varshney, K.R., LaDeau, S.L., Subramaniam, A., Weathers, K.C., and Zwart, J.A., 2023, A synergistic future for AI and ecology: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 120, no. 38, 2220283120, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2220283120.","productDescription":"2220283120, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-151656","costCenters":[{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2220283120","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":420890,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Han, Barbara A. 0000-0002-9948-3078","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9948-3078","contributorId":329744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Han","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36248,"text":"Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Varshney, Kush R.","contributorId":329746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Varshney","given":"Kush","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":78709,"text":"IBM Research - T. J. Watson Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LaDeau, Shannon L.","contributorId":172640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaDeau","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":883189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Subramaniam, Ajit 0000-0003-1316-5827","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1316-5827","contributorId":329748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Subramaniam","given":"Ajit","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7171,"text":"Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weathers, Kathleen C.","contributorId":202417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weathers","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36424,"text":"Cary Institute of Ecosystems Studies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zwart, Jacob Aaron 0000-0002-3870-405X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3870-405X","contributorId":237809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zwart","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"Aaron","affiliations":[{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70248917,"text":"70248917 - 2023 - The diversity of volcanic hazard maps around the world: Insights from map makers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-26T11:43:01.626685","indexId":"70248917","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-11T06:41:16","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3841,"text":"Journal of Applied Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The diversity of volcanic hazard maps around the world: Insights from map makers","docAbstract":"The IAVCEI Working Group on Hazard Mapping has been active since 2014 and has facilitated several activities to enable sharing of experiences of how volcanic hazard maps are developed and used around the world. One key activity was a global survey of 90 map makers and practitioners to collect data about official, published volcanic hazard maps and how they were developed. The survey asked questions about map content, design, and input data, as well as about the map development process and key lessons learned. Here we present the results of this global survey, which are then used to quantitatively describe and summarise current practices in volcanic hazard map development.
We received entries related to 89 volcanic hazard maps (78% long-term/background maps and 22% short-term/crisis hazard maps), covering a total of 80 volcanoes across 28 countries. Although most maps captured in the survey are volcano-scale maps of stratovolcanoes that show similar types of content, such as primary hazard footprints or zones, they vary greatly in input data, communication style, format, appearance, scale, content, and visual design. This diversity stems from a range of factors, including differences in map purpose, the methodology used, the level of understanding of past eruptive history, the prevailing scientific and cartographic practice at the time, the state of volcanic activity, and variations in culture, national map standards and legal requirements.
Experiences and lessons shared by our respondents can be divided into six main themes: map design considerations; the process of map development; map audience and map user needs; hazard assessment approach; map availability and accessibility; and external (e.g., political) influences. Insights shared included the importance of: visual design elements, map testing and evaluation, working with stakeholders and end users to improve a map’s efficacy and relevance, and considering possible unanticipated uses of hazard maps. These free-form text insights (i.e., responses to open-ended questions) from map makers and practitioners familiar with the maps lend depth and clarity to our results. They provide a rich complement to our more quantitative analysis of design elements and of approaches used to determine and delineate map zones.
Results from our global survey of hazard map makers and practitioners, together with insights from other key initiatives of the Working Group on Hazard Mapping such as the Volcanic Hazard Maps Database (VHMD; https://volcanichazardmaps.org/), provide a snapshot of the wide variety of volcanic hazard maps generated over the past decades, and improve our understanding of the diversity across volcanic hazard mapping practices. These initiatives represent important steps towards fulfilling the aims of the Working Group, namely, to construct a framework for a classification scheme for volcanic hazard maps and to promote harmonized terminology, as well as to identify and categorise good practices and considerations for volcanic hazard mapping.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s13617-023-00134-5","usgsCitation":"Lindsay, J., Charlton, D., Clive, M.A., Bertin, D., Ogburn, S.E., Wright, H.M., Ewert, J., Calder, E.S., and Steinke, B., 2023, The diversity of volcanic hazard maps around the world: Insights from map makers: Journal of Applied Volcanology, v. 12, 8, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s13617-023-00134-5.","productDescription":"8, 26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-152936","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13617-023-00134-5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":421158,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindsay, Jan 0000-0002-8591-3399","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8591-3399","contributorId":302369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindsay","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38833,"text":"University of Auckland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charlton, Danielle 0000-0002-7837-514X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7837-514X","contributorId":302366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Charlton","given":"Danielle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36277,"text":"GNS Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clive, Mary Ann T.","contributorId":330167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clive","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann T.","affiliations":[{"id":78832,"text":"Waipapa Taumata Rau University of Auckland; GNS Science Te Pū Ao, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bertin, Daniel","contributorId":173512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bertin","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27236,"text":"SERNAGEOMIN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ogburn, Sarah E. 0000-0002-4734-2118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4734-2118","contributorId":204751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogburn","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":884199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wright, Heather M. 0000-0001-9013-507X hwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9013-507X","contributorId":3949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Heather","email":"hwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":884200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ewert, John W. 0000-0003-2819-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2819-4057","contributorId":204745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewert","given":"John W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":884201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Calder, Eliza S. 0000-0002-1644-2087","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1644-2087","contributorId":302368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calder","given":"Eliza","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":25497,"text":"University of Edinburgh","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Steinke, Bastian","contributorId":330168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steinke","given":"Bastian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78834,"text":"Waipapa Taumata Rau University of Auckland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70249497,"text":"70249497 - 2023 - Shallow fault slip of the 2020 M5.1 Sparta, North Carolina, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-07T16:18:22.677501","indexId":"70249497","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-11T06:36:56","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow fault slip of the 2020 M5.1 Sparta, North Carolina, earthquake","docAbstract":"The 2020 M 5.1 Sparta, North Carolina, earthquake is the largest in the eastern United States since the 2011 M 5.8 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake and produced a ∼2.5‐km‐long surface rupture, unusual for an event of this magnitude. A geological field study conducted soon after the event indicates oblique slip along a east‐southeast‐trending fault with a consistently observed thrust component. My analysis of regional seismic waveforms, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, and Global Positioning System survey data yields a compact shallow rupture extending from Earth’s surface down‐dip to the southwest over a ∼3 km fault length. The inferred kinematic rupture is primarily toward the up‐dip and eastward along‐strike directions and has predominantly thrust motion in the west, transitioning to roughly equal thrust and left‐lateral strike‐slip motion in the east. No normal faulting component, as proposed in an earlier geophysical study, is necessary to explain the data. The prevalence of only dip‐slip motions observed at Earth’s surface may demand slip partitioning between dip slip and lateral motions at depth.
Though the importance of Earth's internal climate modes such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) to regional-scale climate variability is well recognized, the degree to which these oscillations are reflected by spatio-temporal salinity variability over interannual timescales in estuaries is less understood. Here an 11-year continuous salinity monitoring dataset spanning 223 stations across Louisiana's coastal wetlands along the northern Gulf of Mexico is examined with empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to identify dominant modes of interannual variability in the salinity field. The first EOF mode accounts for 72% of the variance in the salinity field and captures a domain-wide pattern where salinities vary in-phase through space in response to local precipitation anomalies occurring in the vicinity of the study area. This local precipitation anomaly is positively correlated with ENSO (Nino3.4 index), consistent with the El Niño – wet (La Niña – dry) precipitation teleconnection that is prevalent throughout the northern Gulf of Mexico coast. The second EOF mode, which accounts for 13% of the variance in the salinity field, is expressed primarily in the marshes across the lower reaches of the Mississippi River deltaic plain (MRDP). EOF2 is anticorrelated with annual Mississippi River discharge anomaly such that salinities in the lower MRDP decrease as discharge increases, pointing to enhanced advection of fresh river plume waters over the shelf into the estuary via estuary-ocean exchange during years of anomalously high river discharge. Mississippi River discharge anomaly is positively correlated with the NAO at a one-year time lag, through a teleconnection with precipitation throughout much of the central region of the Mississippi River drainage basin. Together, these findings indicate that most of the interannual salinity variability across Louisiana's coastal wetlands can be linked to climate variability through teleconnections with precipitation. Incorporating these dynamics into restoration planning, monitoring, and adaptive management efforts may help constrain background environmental variation and better isolate restoration effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2023.108487","usgsCitation":"Snedden, G., 2023, ENSO and NAO linkages to interannual salinity variability in north central Gulf of Mexico estuaries through teleconnections with precipitation: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 293, 108487, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2023.108487.","productDescription":"108487, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-140302","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420905,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.7941680074912,\n 30.932276934300717\n ],\n [\n -93.76673369766087,\n 30.932276934300717\n ],\n [\n -93.76673369766087,\n 28.810632610138626\n ],\n [\n -89.7941680074912,\n 28.810632610138626\n ],\n [\n -89.7941680074912,\n 30.932276934300717\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"293","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snedden, Gregg 0000-0001-7821-3709","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7821-3709","contributorId":216669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snedden","given":"Gregg","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70250117,"text":"70250117 - 2023 - A reference genome assembly for the continentally distributed ring-necked snake, Diadophis punctatus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-21T12:59:31.395869","indexId":"70250117","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-09T06:58:04","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2333,"text":"Journal of Heredity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A reference genome assembly for the continentally distributed ring-necked snake, Diadophis punctatus","docAbstract":"Snakes in the family Colubridae include more than 2,000 currently recognized species, and comprise roughly 75% of the global snake species diversity on Earth. For such a spectacular radiation, colubrid snakes remain poorly understood ecologically and genetically. Two subfamilies, Colubrinae (788 species) and Dipsadinae (833 species), comprise the bulk of colubrid species richness. Dipsadines are a speciose and diverse group of snakes that largely inhabit Central and South America, with a handful of small-body-size genera that have invaded North America. Among them, the ring-necked snake, Diadophis punctatus, has an incredibly broad distribution with 14 subspecies. Given its continental distribution and high degree of variation in coloration, diet, feeding ecology, and behavior, the ring-necked snake is an excellent species for the study of genetic diversity and trait evolution. Within California, six subspecies form a continuously distributed “ring species” around the Central Valley, while a seventh, the regal ring-necked snake, Diadophis punctatus regalis is a disjunct outlier and Species of Special Concern in the state. Here, we report a new reference genome assembly for the San Diego ring-necked snake, D. p. similis, as part of the California Conservation Genomics Project. This assembly comprises a total of 444 scaffolds spanning 1,783 Mb and has a contig N50 of 8.0 Mb, scaffold N50 of 83 Mb, and BUSCO completeness score of 94.5%. This reference genome will be a valuable resource for studies of the taxonomy, conservation, and evolution of the ring-necked snake across its broad, continental distribution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jhered/esad051","usgsCitation":"Westeen, E.P., Escalona, M., Beraut, E., Marimuthu, M.P., Nguyen, O., Fisher, R., Toffelmier, E., Shaffer, H., and Wang, I.J., 2023, A reference genome assembly for the continentally distributed ring-necked snake, Diadophis punctatus: Journal of Heredity, v. 114, no. 6, p. 690-697, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esad051.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"690","endPage":"697","ipdsId":"IP-153899","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esad051","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":422780,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westeen, Erin P.","contributorId":316610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westeen","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Escalona, Merly","contributorId":299346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Escalona","given":"Merly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beraut, Eric","contributorId":299352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beraut","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marimuthu, Mohan P. A.","contributorId":299347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marimuthu","given":"Mohan","email":"","middleInitial":"P. A.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nguyen, Oanh","contributorId":299348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nguyen","given":"Oanh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":888435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Toffelmier, Erin","contributorId":299356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toffelmier","given":"Erin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12763,"text":"University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shaffer, H. Bradley","contributorId":247762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaffer","given":"H. Bradley","affiliations":[{"id":12763,"text":"University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wang, Ian J.","contributorId":315485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70252983,"text":"70252983 - 2023 - a-positive: A robust estimator of the earthquake rate in incomplete or saturated catalogs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-15T11:30:46.628935","indexId":"70252983","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-09T06:28:26","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7501,"text":"JGR Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"a-positive: A robust estimator of the earthquake rate in incomplete or saturated catalogs","docAbstract":"Detection thresholds in earthquake catalogs frequently change in time due to station coverage improvements and network saturation effects during active periods such as mainshock-aftershock cascades. This presents a challenge to seismicity-rate estimation; there is a tradeoff between using as low a minimum magnitude as possible to maximize data while not undercounting the rate due to catalog incompleteness. Here we present a simple method, “a-positive,” which makes use of differential statistics to robustly estimate the seismicity rate in catalogs with time-varying detection thresholds. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this method for a centuries-long, hybrid earthquake catalog with both historical and instrumentally-detected earthquakes in the Central and Eastern U.S., as well as for the 2019 Ridgecrest aftershock sequence in California, which has rapid changes in completeness due to network saturation. We find that the a-positive method leads to more precise and less biased estimates of seismicity rate than traditional methods. In addition, with our improved estimate of earthquake rate early in the aftershock cascade, we find no evidence of rate-saturation at short times from the mainshock; that is, the Omori c-value is not distinguishable from zero.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Clathrate Hydrate Properties Project, active from 1993 to 2022 in Menlo Park, California, stemmed from an earlier project on the properties of planetary ices supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA’s) Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program. We took a material science approach in both projects, emphasizing chemical purity of samples, having controlled grain size and grain texture, and having verified crystal structures and phase relations. A foundational contribution from our USGS Gas Hydrate Properties Laboratory (GHPL) was in demonstrating the ability to reproducibly create such pure clathrate hydrate samples for study. Clathrate sample synthesis was achieved by heating sieved and weighed pure granular water ice in the presence of cold clathrate-forming gas or liquid. During heating, the ice melts at the grain scale and reacts with the gas to form clathrate. The resulting material has the desired uniformity and purity, with known intergranular porosity; our subsequent measurements showed that these clathrates exhibited the established clathrate structures and phase relations. This novel synthesis method was successful in creating clathrates of pure methane, ethane, propane, carbon dioxide, and multi-component gases. By mixing sand or silt with granular ice, we were also able to make clathrate-sediment aggregates with controlled grain textures. This simple method, adopted by many others in the community, permitted us to measure the physical and chemical properties of well-characterized and well-crystallized clathrates and clathrate/sediment aggregates. At about the same time, we adapted conventional scanning electron microscopy to cryogenic conditions for analysis of grain-scale characteristics of clathrates made in the GHPL as well as those collected from nature by drill core. The uniformity and reproducibility of our samples also allowed us to investigate how clathrates respond to environmental changes in chemistry, temperature, and pressure: we measured chemical exchange rates with dissolved gas species—such as noble gases and chlorofluorocarbons—as well as rates of clathrate dissolution and decomposition. These advances include the first accurate mapping of the conditions that promote the remarkable process of “anomalous preservation” at room pressure, a metastability that offers potential application for low-cost and safe transportation of natural gas from gas fields far from pipelines.
Another advancement stemming from the GHPL was the compaction of as-synthesized porous clathrates to nearly full density by applying external pressure using three different techniques. Compaction allows for high-accuracy measurements of many fundamental physical and chemical properties of these materials, such as elastic wavespeeds and moduli, complete thermal properties, decomposition rates, thermal expansion, and clathrate equations of state. These properties and others, in turn, have helped USGS scientists to interpret geophysical well logs and active geophysical surveys, as well as model the rates of gas production from hydrate deposits in nature.
Studying this class of icy minerals that occur in abundance on Earth and in the outer solar system has been a fascinating laboratory journey. Here, we summarize the history and major findings of the USGS GHPL in Menlo Park, including both in-house research as well as findings from the synergistic collaborations with other agencies and institutes that were key to the success of our laboratory. The Menlo Park GHPL was more formally incorporated within the USGS Gas Hydrates Project, a collaboration among multiple USGS Science Centers, in the early 2000s under the leadership of Deborah Hutchinson, and now under the leadership of Carolyn Ruppel and Timothy Collett.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231063","usgsCitation":"Stern, L.A., and Kirby, S.H., 2023, Summary of the history and research of the U.S. Geological Survey gas hydrate properties laboratory in Menlo Park, California, active from 1993 to 2022: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1063, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231063.","productDescription":"v, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-140366","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420685,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1063/images"},{"id":420683,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1063/ofr20231063.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":420682,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1063/covrthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
350 N. Akron Road
Moffett Field, CA 94035
The problem of global amphibian declines has prompted extensive research over the last three decades. Initially, the focus was on identifying and characterizing the extent of the problem, but more recently efforts have shifted to evidence-based research designed to identify best solutions and to improve conservation outcomes. Despite extensive accumulation of knowledge on amphibian declines, there remain knowledge gaps and disconnects between science and action that hamper our ability to advance conservation efforts. Using input from participants at the ninth World Congress of Herpetology, a U.S. Geological Survey Powell Center symposium, amphibian on-line forums for discussion, the International Union for Conservation of Nature Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Gamete Biobanking group, and respondents to a survey, we developed a list of 25 priority research questions for amphibian conservation at this stage of the Anthropocene. We identified amphibian conservation research priorities while accounting for expected tradeoffs in geographic scope, costs, and the taxonomic breadth of research needs. We aimed to solicit views from individuals rather than organizations while acknowledging inequities in participation. Emerging research priorities (i.e., those under-represented in recently published amphibian conservation literature) were identified, and included the effects of climate change, community-level (rather than single species-level) drivers of declines, methodological improvements for research and monitoring, genomics, and effects of land-use change. Improved inclusion of under-represented members of the amphibian conservation community was also identified as a priority. These research needs represent critical knowledge gaps for amphibian conservation although filling these gaps may not be necessary for many conservation actions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Conservation Biology","doi":"10.1111/csp2.12988","usgsCitation":"Campbell Grant, E.H., Amburgey, S.M., Gratwicke, B., Acosta Chaves, V., Belasen, A.M., Bickford, D., Bruhl, C., Calatayud, N.E., Clemann, N., Clulow, S., Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J., Dawson, J., De Angelis, D.A., Dodd, C.K., Evans, A., Francesco Ficetola, G., Falaschi, M., Gonzalez-Mollinedo, S., Green, D.M., Gamlen-Greene, R., Griffiths, R.A., Halstead, B., Hassapakis, C., Heard, G., Karlsson, C., Kirschey, T., Klocke, B., Kosch, T.A., Kusterko Novaes, S., Linhoff, L., Maerz, J.C., Mosher, B.A., O'Donnell, K., Ochoa-Ochoa, L.M., Olson, D., Ovaska, K., Roberts, J.D., Silla, A.J., Stark, T., Tarrant, J., Upton, R., Voros, J., and Muths, E., 2023, Priority research needs to inform amphibian conservation in the Anthropocene: Conservation Science and Practice, v. 5, no. 9, e12988, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.12988.","productDescription":"e12988, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-147501","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442144,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.12988","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":420662,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"http://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496 ehgrant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":150443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell Grant","given":"Evan","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent 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The expected disappearance of the ice cover of the Arctic seas by the mid 21st century is predicted to cause a dramatic decrease in the global range and population size of the species. To place this scenario against the backdrop of past distribution changes and their causes, we use a fossil dataset to investigate the polar bear's past distribution dynamics during the Late Glacial and the Holocene. Fossil results indicate that during the last deglaciation, polar bears were present at the southwestern margin of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet, surviving until the earliest Holocene. There are no Arctic polar bear findings from 8000–6000 years ago (8–6 ka), the Holocene's warmest period. However, fossils that date from 8-9 ka and 5–6 ka suggest that the species likely survived this period in cold refugia located near the East Siberian Sea, northern Greenland and the Canadian Archipelago. Polar bear range expansion is documented by an increase in fossils during the last 4000 years in tandem with cooling climate and expanding Arctic sea ice. The results document changes in polar bear's distribution in response to Late Glacial and Holocene Arctic temperature and sea ice trends.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108277","usgsCitation":"Seppa, H., Seidenkrantz, M., Caissie, B.E., and Fauria, M.M., 2023, Polar bear's range dynamics and survival in the Holocene: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 317, 108277, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108277.","productDescription":"108277, 6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-144338","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/85s714tb","text":"External Repository"},{"id":421531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"317","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seppa, Heikki","contributorId":330467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seppa","given":"Heikki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18162,"text":"University of Helsinki","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seidenkrantz, Marit-Solveig","contributorId":304650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seidenkrantz","given":"Marit-Solveig","affiliations":[{"id":49183,"text":"Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caissie, Beth Elaine 0000-0001-9587-1842","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9587-1842","contributorId":292500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caissie","given":"Beth","email":"","middleInitial":"Elaine","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fauria, Marc Macias","contributorId":330469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fauria","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"Macias","affiliations":[{"id":30742,"text":"University of Oxford, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70249974,"text":"70249974 - 2023 - Local topography and streambed hydraulic conductivity influence riparian groundwater age and groundwater-surface water connection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-09T12:54:40.111463","indexId":"70249974","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-08T06:51:22","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local topography and streambed hydraulic conductivity influence riparian groundwater age and groundwater-surface water connection","docAbstract":"The western U.S. is experiencing increasing rain to snow ratios due to climate change, and scientists are uncertain how changing recharge patterns will affect future groundwater-surface water connection. We examined how watershed topography and streambed hydraulic conductivity impact groundwater age and stream discharge at eight sites along a headwater stream within the Manitou Experimental Forest, CO USA. To do so, we measured: (a) continuous stream and groundwater discharge/level and specific conductivity from April to November 2021; (b) biweekly stream and groundwater chemistry; (c) groundwater chlorofluorocarbons and tritium in spring and fall; (d) streambed hydraulic conductivity; and (e) local slope. We used the chemistry data to calculate fluorite saturation states that were used to inform end-member mixing analysis of streamflow source. We then combined chlorofluorocarbon and tritium data to estimate the age composition of riparian groundwater. Our data suggest that future stream drying is more probable where local slope is steep and streambed hydraulic conductivity is high. In these areas, groundwater source shifted seasonally, as indicated by age increases, and we observed a high fraction of groundwater in streamflow, primarily interflow from adjacent hillslopes. In contrast, where local slope is flat and streambed hydraulic conductivity is low, streamflow is more likely to persist as groundwater age was seasonally constant and buffered by storage in alluvial sediments. Groundwater age and streamflow paired with characterization of watershed topography and subsurface characteristics enabled identification of likely controls on future stream drying patterns.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2023WR035044","usgsCitation":"Warix, S.R., Navarre-Sitchler, A., Manning, A.H., and Singha, K., 2023, Local topography and streambed hydraulic conductivity influence riparian groundwater age and groundwater-surface water connection: Water Resources Research, v. 59, no. 9, e2023WR035044, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR035044.","productDescription":"e2023WR035044, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-146499","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023wr035044","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":422473,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Manitou Experimental Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.19601263225407,\n 39.19295829401517\n ],\n [\n -105.19601263225407,\n 38.9626869460493\n ],\n [\n -104.87878240764469,\n 38.9626869460493\n ],\n [\n -104.87878240764469,\n 39.19295829401517\n ],\n [\n -105.19601263225407,\n 39.19295829401517\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warix, Sara R.","contributorId":331499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warix","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis","contributorId":190441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Navarre-Sitchler","given":"Alexis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":887878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":887879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Singha, Kamini","contributorId":331170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singha","given":"Kamini","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70256522,"text":"70256522 - 2023 - Testosterone identifies hatchling sex for Mojave desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-08T11:45:50.063151","indexId":"70256522","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-08T06:42:04","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testosterone identifies hatchling sex for Mojave desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii)","docAbstract":"The threatened Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) exhibits temperature-dependent sex determination, and individuals appear externally sexually monomorphic until sexual maturity. A non-surgical sex identification method that is suitable for a single in situ encounter with hatchlings is essential for minimizing handling of wild animals. We tested (1) whether plasma testosterone quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay differentiated males from females in 0–3 month old captive hatchlings, and (2) whether an injection of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) differentially elevates testosterone in male hatchlings to aid in identifying sex. We validated sex by ceolioscopic (laparoscopic) surgery. We then fit the testosterone concentrations to lognormal distributions and identified the concentration below which individuals are more likely female, and above which individuals are more likely male. Using a parametric bootstrapping procedure, we estimated a 0.01–0.04% misidentification rate for naïve testosterone samples, and a 1.26–1.39% misidentification rate for challenged (post-FSH injection) testosterone samples. Quantification of plasma testosterone concentration from small volume (0.1 mL) blood samples appears to be a viable, highly accurate method to identify sex of 0–3 month old hatchlings and could be a valuable tool for conservation measures and investigation of trends and variation in sex ratios for in situ wild nests.
Here, we review volcanic risk management at Mount St. Helens from the perspective of the US Geological Survey’s (USGS) experience over the four decades since its 18 May 1980 climactic eruption. Prior to 1980, volcano monitoring, multidisciplinary eruption forecasting, and interagency coordination for eruption response were new to the Cascade Range. A Mount St. Helens volcano hazards assessment had recently been published and volcanic crisis response capabilities tested during 1975 thermal unrest at nearby Mount Baker. Volcanic unrest began in March 1980, accelerating the rate of advance of volcano monitoring, prompting coordinated eruption forecasting and hazards communication, and motivating emergency response planning. The destruction caused by the 18 May 1980 eruption led to an enormous emergency response effort and prompted extensive coordination and planning for continuing eruptive activity. Eruptions continued with pulsatory dome growth and explosive eruptions over the following 6 years and with transport of sediment downstream over many more. In response, USGS scientists and their partners expanded their staffing, deployed new instruments, developed new tools (including the first use of a volcanic event tree) for eruption forecasting, and created new pathways for agency internal and external communication. Involvement in the Mount St. Helens response motivated the establishment of response measures at other Cascade Range volcanoes. Since assembly during the early and mid-1990s, volcano hazard working groups continue to unite scientists, emergency and land managers, tribal nations, and community leaders in common cause for the promotion of risk reduction. By the onset of renewed volcanic activity in 2004, these new systems enabled a more efficient response that was greatly facilitated by the participation of organizations within volcano hazard working groups. Although the magnitude of the 2004 eruptive sequence was much smaller than that of 1980, a new challenge emerged focused on hazard communication demands. Since 2008, our understanding of Mount St. Helens volcanic system has improved, helping us refine hazard assessments and eruption forecasts. Some professions have worked independently to apply the Mount St. Helens story to their products and services. Planning meetings and working group activities fortify partnerships among information disseminators, policy and decision-makers, scientists, and communities. We call the sum of these pieces the Volcanic Risk Management System (VRMS). In its most robust form, the VRMS encompasses effective production and coordinated exchange of volcano hazards and risk information among all interested parties.
Pennsylvania experienced heavy rainfall on September 1 and 2, 2021, as the remnants of Hurricane Ida swept over parts of the State. Much of eastern and south-central Pennsylvania received 5 to 10 inches of rain, and most of the rainfall fell within little more than 6 hours. Southeastern Pennsylvania experienced widespread, substantial flooding, and the city of Philadelphia and surrounding areas were particularly affected by the flooding. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages registered peak streamflows of record at 19 locations, and 52 locations experienced top 5 peak streamflows for the period of record and an annual exceedance probability estimate of at least 10 percent. During this September 2021 flood event, USGS personnel made over 60 streamflow measurements at streamgages in Pennsylvania using direct and indirect methods. Many of those streamflow measurements were made to verify or improve the accuracy, extent, or development of new stage-streamflow relations at streamgages operated by the USGS. After the floodwaters receded, USGS personnel identified and documented a total of 338 high-water marks in Pennsylvania, noting such things as their general description, location, height above land surface, and quality. Many of these high-water marks were used to create five flood-documentation maps for selected communities in southeastern Pennsylvania that experienced substantial flooding because of the remnants of Hurricane Ida. Digital datasets of the inundated areas, mapped boundaries, and water depth are available (Stuckey and Conlon, 2023).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235086","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Stuckey, M.H., Conlon, M.D., and Weaver, M.R., 2023, Characterization of peak streamflows and flooding in select areas of Pennsylvania from the remnants of Hurricane Ida, September 1–2, 2021 (ver. 1.1, September 28, 2023): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5086, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235086.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 28 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-145111","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501049,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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\"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: September 7, 2023; Version 1.1: September 28, 2023","contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 170
Fern Cave in Jackson County, Alabama, is a 15.6-mile-long (25.1-kilometer) cave system, managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Southeastern Cave Conservancy, that has the second highest biodiversity of any cave in the southeastern United States. Groundwater in karst ecosystems is known to be susceptible to impacts from human-induced land-use activities in watersheds that contribute recharge to the groundwater system. To provide the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service with necessary baseline information on the groundwater flow system in Fern Cave, the U.S. Geological Survey and the Kentucky Geological Survey conducted a series of dye traces during 2019–21 to delineate the watershed recharging the cave system. The dye traces identified two separate streams that flow through the cave and a recharge area of 1.73 square miles (4.48 square kilometers) draining to the cave system. Current land use within the recharge area is dominated by deciduous forest with minimal additional land use types, indicating a low potential for undesirable effects to the cave by anthropogenic sources.
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U.S. Geological Survey
640 Grassmere Park, Suite 100
Nashville, TN 37211