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,{"id":70033461,"text":"70033461 - 2008 - NMR and mass spectrometry of phosphorus in wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033461","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1594,"text":"European Journal of Soil Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"NMR and mass spectrometry of phosphorus in wetlands","docAbstract":"There is at present little information on the long-term stability of phosphorus sequestered in wetlands. Phosphorus sequestered during high loading periods may be relatively unstable and easily remobilized following changes in nutrient status or hydrological regime, but the chemical forms of sequestered phosphorus that do remobilize are largely unknown at this time. A lack of suitable analytical techniques has contributed to this dearth of knowledge regarding the stability of soil organic phosphorus. We analysed phosphorus in soils from the 'head' of Rescue Strand tree island and an adjacent marsh in the Florida Everglades by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Tree islands are important areas of biodiversity within the Everglades and offer a unique opportunity to study phosphorus sequestration because they are exposed to large phosphorus loads and appear to be natural nutrient sinks. The 31P NMR profiling of extracts from surface and sediment samples in the tree island indicates that phosphorus input to Rescue Strand tree island soils is mostly in the form of inorganic ortho-phosphate and is either refractory when deposited or rapidly recycled by the native vegetation into a stable phosphorus pool largely resistant to re-utilization by plants or microbes. Mass spectrometry revealed the presence of inositol hexakisphosphate, a common organic monophosphate ester not previously observed in Everglades' soils. ?? 2008 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"European Journal of Soil Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2389.2007.01008.x","issn":"13510754","usgsCitation":"El-Rifai, H., Heerboth, M., Gedris, T., Newman, S., Orem, W., and Cooper, W., 2008, NMR and mass spectrometry of phosphorus in wetlands: European Journal of Soil Science, v. 59, no. 3, p. 517-525, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2007.01008.x.","startPage":"517","endPage":"525","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214246,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2007.01008.x"},{"id":241946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6147e4b0c8380cd718b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"El-Rifai, H.","contributorId":34733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"El-Rifai","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heerboth, M.","contributorId":73024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heerboth","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gedris, T.E.","contributorId":77752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gedris","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newman, S.","contributorId":7678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Orem, W. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":87335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cooper, W.T.","contributorId":40437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033411,"text":"70033411 - 2008 - Low-Level detections of halogenated volatile organic compounds in groundwater: Use in vulnerability assessments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:02:57","indexId":"70033411","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2341,"text":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low-Level detections of halogenated volatile organic compounds in groundwater: Use in vulnerability assessments","docAbstract":"<div class=\"NLM_sec NLM_sec_level_1 hlFld-Abstract\"><p>Concentrations of halogenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were determined by gas chromatography (GC) with an electron-capture detector (GC-ECD) and by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in 109 groundwater samples from five study areas in the United States. In each case, the untreated water sample was used for drinking-water purposes or was from a monitoring well in an area near a drinking-water source. The minimum detection levels (MDLs) for 25 VOCs that were identified in GC-ECD chromatograms, typically, were two to more than four orders of magnitude below the GC-MS MDLs. At least six halogenated VOCs were detected in all of the water samples analyzed by GC-ECD, although one or more VOCs were detected in only 43% of the water samples analyzed by GC-MS. In nearly all of the samples, VOC concentrations were very low and presented no known health risk. Most of the low-level VOC detections indicated post-1940s recharge, or mixtures of recharge that contained a fraction of post-1940s water. Concentrations of selected halogenated VOCs in groundwater from natural and anthropogenic atmospheric sources were estimated and used to recognize water samples that are being impacted by nonatmospheric sources. A classification is presented to perform vulnerability assessments at the scale of individual wells using the number of halogenated VOC detections and total dissolved VOC concentrations in samples of untreated drinking water. The low-level VOC detections are useful in vulnerability assessments, particularly for samples in which no VOCs are detected by GC-MS analysis.</p></div><div class=\"NLM_sec NLM_sec_level_1\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:11(1049)","issn":"10840","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., Busenberg, E., Eberts, S.M., Bexfield, L.M., Brown, C.J., Fahlquist, L., Katz, B., and Landon, M., 2008, Low-Level detections of halogenated volatile organic compounds in groundwater: Use in vulnerability assessments: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 13, no. 11, p. 1049-1068, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:11(1049).","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1049","endPage":"1068","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a19e4b0c8380cd68af8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busenberg, E.","contributorId":56796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberts, S. M.","contributorId":28276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bexfield, L. M.","contributorId":36593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, C. J.","contributorId":90342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fahlquist, L.S.","contributorId":34304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fahlquist","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Landon, M.K. 0000-0002-5766-0494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":69572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70033395,"text":"70033395 - 2008 - Reply to comment by J. Szilagyi on \"Comparison of 15 evaporation methods applied to a small mountain lake in the northeastern USA\" [J. Hydrol. 340 (3-4) (2007) 149-166]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033395","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply to comment by J. Szilagyi on \"Comparison of 15 evaporation methods applied to a small mountain lake in the northeastern USA\" [J. Hydrol. 340 (3-4) (2007) 149-166]","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.09.050","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D., Winter, T.C., Buso, D., and Likens, G., 2008, Reply to comment by J. Szilagyi on \"Comparison of 15 evaporation methods applied to a small mountain lake in the northeastern USA\" [J. Hydrol. 340 (3-4) (2007) 149-166]: Journal of Hydrology, v. 348, no. 3-4, p. 566-567, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.09.050.","startPage":"566","endPage":"567","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213166,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.09.050"},{"id":240764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"348","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa767e4b0c8380cd853d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":440693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buso, D.C.","contributorId":31392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buso","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Likens, G.E.","contributorId":68893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Likens","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033386,"text":"70033386 - 2008 - Potential for 4-<i>n</i>-nonylphenol biodegradation in stream sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:35:02","indexId":"70033386","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential for 4-<i>n</i>-nonylphenol biodegradation in stream sediments","docAbstract":"<p>The potential for in situ biodegradation of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) was investigated in three hydrologically distinct streams impacted by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the United States. Microcosms were prepared with sediments from each site and amended with [U-ring-<sup>14</sup>C]4-<i>n</i>-nonylphenol (4-<i>n</i>-NP) as a model test substrate. Microcosms prepared with sediment collected upstream of the WWTP outfalls and incubated under oxic conditions showed rapid and complete mineralization of [U-ring-<sup>14</sup>C]4- <i>n</i>-NP to <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> in all three systems. In contrast, no mineralization of [U-ring-<sup>14</sup>C]4-<i>n</i>-NP was observed in these sediments under anoxic (methanogenic) conditions. The initial linear rate of [U-ring-14C]4-n-NP mineralization in sediments from upstream and downstream of the respective WWTP outfalls was inversely correlated with the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of the streambed sediments. These results suggest that the net supply of dissolved oxygen to streambed sediments is a key determinant of the rate and extent of 4-NP biodegradation in stream systems. In the stream systems considered by the present study, dissolved oxygen concentrations in the overlying water column (8&ndash;10 mg/L) and in the bed sediment pore water (1&ndash;3 mg/L at a depth of 10 cm below the sediment&ndash;water interface) were consistent with active in situ 4-NP biodegradation. These results suggest WWTP procedures that maximize the delivery of dissolved oxygen while minimizing the release of BOD to stream receptors favor efficient biodegradation of 4-NP contaminants in wastewater-impacted stream environments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1897/07-333R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., Barber, L.B., Kolpin, D., McMahon, P., and Chapelle, F.H., 2008, Potential for 4-<i>n</i>-nonylphenol biodegradation in stream sediments: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 27, no. 2, p. 260-265, https://doi.org/10.1897/07-333R.1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"260","endPage":"265","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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-105.01247406005858,\n              40.156310883032674\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7effe4b0c8380cd7a877","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033364,"text":"70033364 - 2008 - Isotopic variations of dissolved copper and zinc in stream waters affected by historical mining","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T09:56:23","indexId":"70033364","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic variations of dissolved copper and zinc in stream waters affected by historical mining","docAbstract":"<p>Zinc and Cu play important roles in the biogeochemistry of natural systems, and it is likely that these interactions result in mass-dependent fractionations of their stable isotopes. In this study, we examine the relative abundances of dissolved Zn and Cu isotopes in a variety of stream waters draining six historical mining districts located in the United States and Europe. Our goals were to (1) determine whether streams from different geologic settings have unique or similar Zn and Cu isotopic signatures and (2) to determine whether Zn and Cu isotopic signatures change in response to changes in dissolved metal concentrations over well-defined diel (24-h) cycles.</p><p>Average δ<sup>66</sup>Zn and δ<sup>65</sup>Cu values for streams varied from +0.02‰ to +0.46‰ and −0.7‰ to +1.4‰, respectively, demonstrating that Zn and Cu isotopes are heterogeneous among the measured streams. Zinc or Cu isotopic changes were not detected within the resolution of our measurements over diel cycles for most streams. However, diel changes in Zn isotopes were recorded in one stream where the fluctuations of dissolved Zn were the largest. We calculate an apparent separation factor of ∼0.3‰ (<sup>66/64</sup>Zn) between the dissolved and solid Zn reservoirs in this stream with the solid taking up the lighter Zn isotope. The preference of the lighter isotope in the solid reservoir may reflect metabolic uptake of Zn by microorganisms. Additional field investigations must evaluate the contributions of soils, rocks, minerals, and anthropogenic components to Cu and Zn isotopic fluxes in natural waters. Moreover, rigorous experimental work is necessary to quantify fractionation factors for the biogeochemical reactions that are likely to impact Cu and Zn isotopes in hydrologic systems. This initial investigation of Cu and Zn isotopes in stream waters suggests that these isotopes may be powerful tools for probing biogeochemical processes in surface waters on a variety of temporal and spatial scales.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.014","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Borrok, D.M., Nimick, D., Wanty, R.B., and Ridley, W.I., 2008, Isotopic variations of dissolved copper and zinc in stream waters affected by historical mining: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 72, no. 2, p. 329-344, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.014.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"344","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213442,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.014"}],"volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fbfe4b0c8380cd647ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borrok, David M.","contributorId":26056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borrok","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimick, David","contributorId":19643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wanty, Richard B. 0000-0002-2063-6423 rwanty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","email":"rwanty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ridley, William I. 0000-0001-6787-558X iridley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6787-558X","contributorId":1160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"William","email":"iridley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033353,"text":"70033353 - 2008 - Subsurface microbial diversity in deep-granitic-fracture water in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T11:06:18","indexId":"70033353","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface microbial diversity in deep-granitic-fracture water in Colorado","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstract-1\" class=\"section abstract\"><p id=\"p-1\">A microbial community analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on borehole water and a granite rock core from Henderson Mine, a &gt;1,000-meter-deep molybdenum mine near Empire, CO. Chemical analysis of borehole water at two separate depths (1,044 m and 1,004 m below the mine entrance) suggests that a sharp chemical gradient exists, likely from the mixing of two distinct subsurface fluids, one metal rich and one relatively dilute; this has created unique niches for microorganisms. The microbial community analyzed from filtered, oxic borehole water indicated an abundance of sequences from iron-oxidizing bacteria (<i>Gallionella</i><span>&nbsp;</span>spp.) and was compared to the community from the same borehole after 2 weeks of being plugged with an expandable packer. Statistical analyses with UniFrac revealed a significant shift in community structure following the addition of the packer. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis suggested that<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Nitrosomonadales</i><span>&nbsp;</span>dominated the oxic borehole, while PLFAs indicative of anaerobic bacteria were most abundant in the samples from the plugged borehole. Microbial sequences were represented primarily by<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Firmicutes</i>,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Proteobacteria</i>, and a lineage of sequences which did not group with any identified bacterial division; phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of a novel candidate division. This “Henderson candidate division” dominated the clone libraries from the dilute anoxic fluids. Sequences obtained from the granitic rock core (1,740 m below the surface) were represented by the divisions<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Proteobacteria</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(primarily the family<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Ralstoniaceae</i>) and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Firmicutes</i>. Sequences grouping within<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Ralstoniaceae</i><span>&nbsp;</span>were also found in the clone libraries from metal-rich fluids yet were absent in more dilute fluids. Lineage-specific comparisons, combined with phylogenetic statistical analyses, show that geochemical variance has an important effect on microbial community structure in deep, subsurface systems.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ASM","doi":"10.1128/AEM.01133-07","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Sahl, J., Schmidt, R., Swanner, E., Mandernack, K., Templeton, A., Kieft, T.L., Smith, R.L., Sanford, W., Callaghan, R., Mitton, J., and Spear, J., 2008, Subsurface microbial diversity in deep-granitic-fracture water in Colorado: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 74, no. 1, p. 143-152, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01133-07.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"152","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476694,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01133-07","text":"External Repository"},{"id":240998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213377,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01133-07"}],"volume":"74","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d7fe4b08c986b31d8b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sahl, J.W.","contributorId":9072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sahl","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, R.","contributorId":38777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanner, E.D.","contributorId":94506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanner","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mandernack, K.W.","contributorId":68913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandernack","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Templeton, A.S.","contributorId":72210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Templeton","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kieft, Thomas L.","contributorId":48765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieft","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7026,"text":"New Mexico Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":440465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":440470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sanford, W. E. 0000-0002-6624-0280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":102112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Callaghan, R.L.","contributorId":99382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callaghan","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mitton, J.B.","contributorId":57603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitton","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Spear, J.R.","contributorId":86979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spear","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70033341,"text":"70033341 - 2008 - Chromium, chromium isotopes and selected trace elements, western Mojave Desert, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:11:26","indexId":"70033341","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chromium, chromium isotopes and selected trace elements, western Mojave Desert, USA","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id19\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id20\"><p id=\"simple-para0115\">Chromium(VI) concentrations in excess of the California Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 50&nbsp;μg/L occur naturally in alkaline, oxic ground-water in alluvial aquifers in the western Mojave Desert, southern California. The highest concentrations were measured in aquifers eroded from mafic rock, but Cr(VI) as high as 27&nbsp;μg/L was measured in aquifers eroded from granitic rock. Chromium(VI) concentrations did not exceed 5&nbsp;μg/L at pH&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;7.5 regardless of geology. δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values in native ground-water ranged from 0.7 to 5.1‰ and values were fractionated relative to the average δ<sup>53</sup>Cr composition of 0‰ in the earth’s crust. Positive δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values of 1.2 and 2.3‰ were measured in ground-water recharge areas having low Cr concentrations, consistent with the addition of Cr(VI) that was fractionated on mineral surfaces prior to entering solution. δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values, although variable, did not consistently increase or decrease with increasing Cr concentrations as ground-water flowed down gradient through more oxic portions of the aquifer. However, increasing δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values were observed as dissolved O<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations decreased, and Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III), and subsequently removed from solution. As a result, the highest δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values were measured in water from deep wells, and wells in discharge areas near dry lakes at the downgradient end of long flow paths through alluvial aquifers. δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values at an industrial site overlying mafic alluvium having high natural background Cr(VI) concentrations ranged from −0.1 to 3.2‰. Near zero δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values at the site were the result of anthropogenic Cr. However, mixing with native ground-water and fractionation of Cr within the plume increased δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values at the site. Although δ<sup>53</sup>Cr was not necessarily diagnostic of anthropogenic Cr, it was possible to identify the extent of anthropogenic Cr at the site on the basis of the δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values in conjunction with major-ion data, and the δ<sup>18</sup>O and δD composition of water from wells.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.11.015","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., Ball, J., Bullen, T., and Sutley, S.J., 2008, Chromium, chromium isotopes and selected trace elements, western Mojave Desert, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 5, p. 1325-1352, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.11.015.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"1325","endPage":"1352","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213321,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.11.015"}],"volume":"23","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5e7e4b0c8380cd4c4a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, J. A. 0000-0003-0816-4408","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":28244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutley, S. J.","contributorId":91484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033322,"text":"70033322 - 2008 - Pathogen and chemical transport in the karst limestone of the Biscayne aquifer: 2. Chemical retention from diffusion and slow advection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T07:37:07","indexId":"70033322","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathogen and chemical transport in the karst limestone of the Biscayne aquifer: 2. Chemical retention from diffusion and slow advection","docAbstract":"<p><span>A tracer experiment, using a nonreactive tracer, was conducted as part of an investigation of the potential for chemical and pathogen migration to public supply wells that draw groundwater from the highly transmissive karst limestone of the Biscayne aquifer in southeastern Florida. The tracer was injected into the formation over approximately 1 h, and its recovery was monitored at a pumping well approximately 100 m from the injection well. The first detection of the tracer occurred after approximately 5 h, and the peak concentration occurred at about 8 h after the injection. The tracer was still detected in the production well more than 6 days after injection, and only 42% of the tracer mass was recovered. It is hypothesized that a combination of chemical diffusion and slow advection resulted in significant retention of the tracer in the formation, despite the high transmissivity of the karst limestone. The tail of the breakthrough curve exhibited a straight‐line behavior with a slope of −2 on a log‐log plot of concentration versus time. The −2 slope is hypothesized to be a function of slow advection, where the velocities of flow paths are hypothesized to range over several orders of magnitude. The flow paths having the slowest velocities result in a response similar to chemical diffusion. Chemical diffusion, due to chemical gradients, is still ongoing during the declining limb of the breakthrough curve, but this process is dwarfed by the magnitude of the mass flux by slow advection.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006059","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A.M., Renken, R.A., Harvey, R.W., Zygnerski, M.R., and Metge, D.W., 2008, Pathogen and chemical transport in the karst limestone of the Biscayne aquifer: 2. Chemical retention from diffusion and slow advection: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 8, W08430; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006059.","productDescription":"W08430; 12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476799,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006059","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7595e4b0c8380cd77c1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Renken, Robert A. rarenken@usgs.gov","contributorId":269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renken","given":"Robert","email":"rarenken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":440328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zygnerski, Michael R.","contributorId":25469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zygnerski","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Metge, David W. dwmetge@usgs.gov","contributorId":663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"David","email":"dwmetge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033309,"text":"70033309 - 2008 - Influence of variable chemical conditions on EDTA-enhanced transport of metal ions in mildly acidic groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T09:08:01","indexId":"70033309","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of variable chemical conditions on EDTA-enhanced transport of metal ions in mildly acidic groundwater","docAbstract":"Adsorption of Ni and Pb on aquifer sediments from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA increased with increasing pH and metal-ion concentration. Adsorption could be described quantitatively using a semi-mechanistic surface complexation model (SCM), in which adsorption is described using chemical reactions between metal ions and adsorption sites. Equilibrium reactive transport simulations incorporating the SCMs, formation of metal-ion-EDTA complexes, and either Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide solubility or Zn desorption from sediments identified important factors responsible for trends observed during transport experiments conducted with EDTA complexes of Ni, Zn, and Pb in the Cape Cod aquifer. Dissociation of Pb-EDTA by Fe(III) is more favorable than Ni-EDTA because of differences in Ni- and Pb-adsorption to the sediments. Dissociation of Ni-EDTA becomes more favorable with decreasing Ni-EDTA concentration and decreasing pH. In contrast to Ni, Pb-EDTA can be dissociated by Zn desorbed from the aquifer sediments. Variability in adsorbed Zn concentrations has a large impact on Pb-EDTA dissociation.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2007.11.022","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Kent, D., Davis, J., Joye, J., and Curtis, G., 2008, Influence of variable chemical conditions on EDTA-enhanced transport of metal ions in mildly acidic groundwater: Environmental Pollution, v. 153, no. 1, p. 44-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.11.022.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"44","endPage":"52","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241025,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213402,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.11.022"}],"volume":"153","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b94e4b0c8380cd62678","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kent, D.B.","contributorId":16588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Joye, J.L.","contributorId":56389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joye","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Curtis, G.P.","contributorId":65619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033308,"text":"70033308 - 2008 - Concentrations and environmental fate of Ra in cation-exchange regeneration brine waste disposed to septic tanks and accumulation in sludge, New Jersey Coastal Plain, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:48:40","indexId":"70033308","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2263,"text":"Journal of Environmental Radioactivity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrations and environmental fate of Ra in cation-exchange regeneration brine waste disposed to septic tanks and accumulation in sludge, New Jersey Coastal Plain, USA","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id7\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id8\"><p>Concentrations of Ra in liquid and solid wastes generated from 15 softeners treating domestic well waters from New Jersey Coastal Plain aquifers (where combined Ra (<sup>226</sup>Ra plus<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>228</sup>Ra) concentrations commonly exceed 0.185&nbsp;Bq&nbsp;L<sup>−1</sup>) were determined. Softeners, when maintained, reduced combined Ra about 10-fold (&lt;0.024&nbsp;Bq&nbsp;L<sup>−1</sup>). Combined Ra exceeded 0.185&nbsp;Bq&nbsp;L<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>at 1 non-maintained system. Combined Ra was enriched in regeneration brine waste (maximum, 81.2&nbsp;Bq&nbsp;L<sup>−1</sup>), but concentrations in septic-tank effluents receiving brine waste were less than in the untreated ground waters. The maximum combined Ra concentration in aquifer sands (40.7&nbsp;Bq&nbsp;kg<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>dry weight) was less than that in sludge from the septic tanks (range, 84–363&nbsp;Bq&nbsp;kg<sup>−1</sup>), indicating Ra accumulation in sludge from effluent. The combined Ra concentration in sludge from the homeowners' septic systems falls within the range reported for sludge samples from publicly owned treatment works within the region.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.11.009","issn":"0265931X","usgsCitation":"Szabo, Z., Jacobsen, E., Kraemer, T.F., and Parsa, B., 2008, Concentrations and environmental fate of Ra in cation-exchange regeneration brine waste disposed to septic tanks and accumulation in sludge, New Jersey Coastal Plain, USA: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, v. 99, no. 6, p. 947-964, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.11.009.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"947","endPage":"964","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213401,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.11.009"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"New Jersey Coastal Plain","volume":"99","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f985e4b0c8380cd4d659","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Szabo, Z. 0000-0002-0760-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":44302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobsen, E.","contributorId":101462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobsen","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraemer, T. F.","contributorId":63400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parsa, B.","contributorId":15840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsa","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033272,"text":"70033272 - 2008 - Changes in the character of DOC in streams during storms in two Midwestern watersheds with contrasting land uses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033272","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the character of DOC in streams during storms in two Midwestern watersheds with contrasting land uses","docAbstract":"Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics in streams is important, yet few studies focus on DOC dynamics in Midwestern streams during storms. In this study, stream DOC dynamics during storms in two Midwestern watersheds with contrasting land uses, the change in character of stream DOC during storms, and the usability of DOC as a hydrologic tracer in artificially drained landscapes of the Midwest are investigated. Major cation/DOC concentrations, and DOC specific UV absorbance (SUVA) and fluorescence index (FI) were monitored at 2-4 h intervals during three spring storms. Although DOC is less aromatic in the mixed land use watershed than in the agricultural watershed, land use has little impact on stream DOC concentration during storms. For both watersheds, DOC concentration follows discharge, and SUVA and FI values indicate an increase in stream DOC aromaticity and lignin content during storms. The comparison of DOC/major cation flushing dynamics indicates that DOC is mainly exported via overland flow/macropore flow. In both watersheds, the increase in DOC concentration in the streams during storms corresponds to a shift in the source of DOC from DOC originating from mineral soil layers of the soil profile at baseflow, to DOC originating from surficial soil layers richer in aromatic substances and lignin during storms. Results also suggest that DOC, SUVA and FI could be used as hydrologic tracers in artificially drained landscapes of the Midwest. These results underscore the importance of sampling streams for DOC during high flow periods in order to understand the fate of DOC in streams. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10533-008-9207-6","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Vidon, P., Wagner, L., and Soyeux, E., 2008, Changes in the character of DOC in streams during storms in two Midwestern watersheds with contrasting land uses: Biogeochemistry, v. 88, no. 3, p. 257-270, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-008-9207-6.","startPage":"257","endPage":"270","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213400,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-008-9207-6"},{"id":241023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f42fe4b0c8380cd4bbb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vidon, P.","contributorId":47589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidon","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, L.E.","contributorId":91698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soyeux, E.","contributorId":51099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soyeux","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033270,"text":"70033270 - 2008 - Investigation and hazard assessment of the 2003 and 2007 Staircase Falls rock falls, Yosemite National Park, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T11:07:01","indexId":"70033270","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2824,"text":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigation and hazard assessment of the 2003 and 2007 Staircase Falls rock falls, Yosemite National Park, California, USA","docAbstract":"Since 1857 more than 600 rock falls, rock slides, debris slides, and debris flows have been documented in Yosemite National Park, with rock falls in Yosemite Valley representing the majority of the events. On 26 December 2003, a rock fall originating from west of Glacier Point sent approximately 200 m 3 of rock debris down a series of joint-controlled ledges to the floor of Yosemite Valley. The debris impacted talus near the base of Staircase Falls, producing fragments of flying rock that struck occupied cabins in Curry Village. Several years later on 9 June 2007, and again on 26 July 2007, smaller rock falls originated from the same source area. The 26 December 2003 event coincided with a severe winter storm and was likely triggered by precipitation and/or frost wedging, but the 9 June and 26 July 2007 events lack recognizable triggering mechanisms. We investigated the geologic and hydrologic factors contributing to the Staircase Falls rock falls, including bedrock lithology, weathering, joint spacing and orientations, and hydrologic processes affecting slope stability. We improved upon previous geomorphic assessment of rock-fall hazards, based on a shadow angle approach, by using STONE, a three-dimensional rock-fall simulation computer program. STONE produced simulated rock-fall runout patterns similar to the mapped extent of the 2003 and 2007 events, allowing us to simulate potential future rock falls from the Staircase Falls detachment area. Observations of recent rock falls, mapping of rock debris, and simulations of rock fall runouts beneath the Staircase Falls detachment area suggest that rock-fall hazard zones extend farther downslope than the extent previously defined by mapped surface talus deposits.","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/nhess-8-421-2008","issn":"15618633","usgsCitation":"Wieczorek, G.F., Stock, G.M., Reichenbach, P., Snyder, J., Borchers, J.W., and Godt, J., 2008, Investigation and hazard assessment of the 2003 and 2007 Staircase Falls rock falls, Yosemite National Park, California, USA: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, v. 8, no. 3, p. 421-432, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-421-2008.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"421","endPage":"432","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487097,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-421-2008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267914,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-421-2008"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e71e4b0c8380cd63db2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wieczorek, G. F.","contributorId":50143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"G.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stock, Gregory M.","contributorId":7493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stock","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reichenbach, P.","contributorId":61988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichenbach","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snyder, J.B.","contributorId":62229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snyder","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Borchers, J. W.","contributorId":74414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borchers","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Godt, J. W.","contributorId":76732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033267,"text":"70033267 - 2008 - Soil slip/debris flow localized by site attributes and wind-driven rain in the San Francisco Bay region storm of January 1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033267","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil slip/debris flow localized by site attributes and wind-driven rain in the San Francisco Bay region storm of January 1982","docAbstract":"GIS analysis at 30-m resolution reveals that effectiveness of slope-destabilizing processes in the San Francisco Bay area varies with compass direction. Nearly half the soil slip/debris flows mapped after the catastrophic rainstorm of 3-5 January 1982 occurred on slopes that face S to WSW, whereas fewer than one-quarter have a northerly aspect. Azimuthal analysis of hillside properties for susceptible terrain near the city of Oakland suggests that the skewed aspect of these landslides primarily reflects vegetation type, ridge and valley alignment, and storm-wind direction. Bedrock geology, soil expansivity, and terrain height and gradient also were influential but less so; the role of surface curvature is not wholly resolved. Normalising soil-slip aspect by that of the region's NNW-striking topography shifts the modal azimuth of soil-slip aspect from SW to SE, the direction of origin of winds during the 1982 storm-but opposite that of the prevailing WNW winds. Wind from a constant direction increases rainfall on windward slopes while diminishing it on leeward slopes, generating a modelled difference in hydrologically effective rainfall of up to 2:1 on steep hillsides in the Oakland area. This contrast is consistent with numerical simulations of wind-driven rain and with rainfall thresholds for debris-flow activity. We conclude that storm winds from the SE in January 1982 raised the vulnerability of the Bay region's many S-facing hillsides, most of which are covered in shallow-rooted shrub and grass that offer minimal resistance to soil slip. Wind-driven rainfall also appears to have controlled debris-flow location in a major 1998 storm and probably others. Incorporating this overlooked influence into GIS models of debris-flow likelihood would improve predictions of the hazard in central California and elsewhere.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.09.024","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Pike, R., and Sobieszczyk, S., 2008, Soil slip/debris flow localized by site attributes and wind-driven rain in the San Francisco Bay region storm of January 1982: Geomorphology, v. 94, no. 3-4, p. 290-313, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.09.024.","startPage":"290","endPage":"313","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213343,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.09.024"},{"id":240959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b921be4b08c986b319ce1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pike, R.J.","contributorId":72814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pike","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sobieszczyk, S.","contributorId":30828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sobieszczyk","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033262,"text":"70033262 - 2008 - Characterization of errors in a coupled snow hydrology-microwave emission model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033262","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of errors in a coupled snow hydrology-microwave emission model","docAbstract":"Traditional approaches to the direct estimation of snow properties from passive microwave remote sensing have been plagued by limitations such as the tendency of estimates to saturate for moderately deep snowpacks and the effects of mixed land cover within remotely sensed pixels. An alternative approach is to assimilate satellite microwave emission observations directly, which requires embedding an accurate microwave emissions model into a hydrologic prediction scheme, as well as quantitative information of model and observation errors. In this study a coupled snow hydrology [Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC)] and microwave emission [Dense Media Radiative Transfer (DMRT)] model are evaluated using multiscale brightness temperature (TB) measurements from the Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX). The ability of VIC to reproduce snowpack properties is shown with the use of snow pit measurements, while TB model predictions are evaluated through comparison with Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer (GBMR), air-craft [Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR)], and satellite [Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E)] TB measurements. Limitations of the model at the point scale were not as evident when comparing areal estimates. The coupled model was able to reproduce the TB spatial patterns observed by PSR in two of three sites. However, this was mostly due to the presence of relatively dense forest cover. An interesting result occurs when examining the spatial scaling behavior of the higher-resolution errors; the satellite-scale error is well approximated by the mode of the (spatial) histogram of errors at the smaller scale. In addition, TB prediction errors were almost invariant when aggregated to the satellite scale, while forest-cover fractions greater than 30% had a significant effect on TB predictions. ?? 2008 American Meteorological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/2007JHM885.1","issn":"1525755X","usgsCitation":"Andreadis, K., Liang, D., Tsang, L., Lettenmaier, D., and Josberger, E., 2008, Characterization of errors in a coupled snow hydrology-microwave emission model: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 9, no. 1, p. 149-164, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JHM885.1.","startPage":"149","endPage":"164","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476891,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2007jhm885.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213254,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007JHM885.1"},{"id":240861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4c6e4b0c8380cd4beef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andreadis, K.M.","contributorId":8294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreadis","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liang, D.","contributorId":66483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liang","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tsang, L.","contributorId":43950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lettenmaier, D.P.","contributorId":61175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lettenmaier","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Josberger, E.G.","contributorId":61161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033257,"text":"70033257 - 2008 - A multi-residue method for the analysis of pesticides and pesticide degradates in water using HLB solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:12:33","indexId":"70033257","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-residue method for the analysis of pesticides and pesticide degradates in water using HLB solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">A method was developed for the analysis of over 60 pesticides and degradates in water by HLB solid-phase extraction and gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry. Method recoveries and detection limits were determined using two surface waters with different dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. In the lower DOC water, recoveries and detection limits were 80%–108% and 1–12&nbsp;ng/L, respectively. In the higher DOC water, the detection limits were slightly higher (1–15&nbsp;ng/L). Additionally, surface water samples from four sites were analyzed and 14 pesticides were detected with concentrations ranging from 4 to 1,200&nbsp;ng/L.</p><div class=\"KeywordGroup\" lang=\"en\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00128-007-9332-2","issn":"00074861","usgsCitation":"Hladik, M., Smalling, K., and Kuivila, K., 2008, A multi-residue method for the analysis of pesticides and pesticide degradates in water using HLB solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 80, no. 2, p. 139-144, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-007-9332-2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"144","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213190,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-007-9332-2"}],"volume":"80","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e48be4b0c8380cd466e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hladik, M.L. 0000-0002-0891-2712","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":51111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smalling, K.L.","contributorId":66068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalling","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuivila, K.M.","contributorId":34529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033252,"text":"70033252 - 2008 - Determination of dominant biogeochemical processes in a contaminated aquifer-wetland system using multivariate statistical analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:12:46","indexId":"70033252","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of dominant biogeochemical processes in a contaminated aquifer-wetland system using multivariate statistical analysis","docAbstract":"<p>Determining the processes governing aqueous biogeochemistry in a wetland hydrologically linked to an underlying contaminated aquifer is challenging due to the complex exchange between the systems and their distinct responses to changes in precipitation, recharge, and biological activities. To evaluate temporal and spatial processes in the wetland-aquifer system, water samples were collected using cm-scale multi-chambered passive diffusion samplers (peepers) to span the wetland-aquifer interface over a period of 3 yr. Samples were analyzed for major cations and anions, methane, and a suite of organic acids resulting in a large dataset of over 8000 points, which was evaluated using multivariate statistics. Principal component analysis (PCA) was chosen with the purpose of exploring the sources of variation in the dataset to expose related variables and provide insight into the biogeochemical processes that control the water chemistry of the system. Factor scores computed from PCA were mapped by date and depth. Patterns observed suggest that (i) fermentation is the process controlling the greatest variability in the dataset and it peaks in May; (ii) iron and sulfate reduction were the dominant terminal electron-accepting processes in the system and were associated with fermentation but had more complex seasonal variability than fermentation; (iii) methanogenesis was also important and associated with bacterial utilization of minerals as a source of electron acceptors (e.g., barite BaSO<sub>4</sub>); and (iv) seasonal hydrological patterns (wet and dry periods) control the availability of electron acceptors through the reoxidation of reduced iron-sulfur species enhancing iron and sulfate reduction.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0169","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Baez-Cazull, S.E., McGuire, J., Cozzarelli, I., and Voytek, M., 2008, Determination of dominant biogeochemical processes in a contaminated aquifer-wetland system using multivariate statistical analysis: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 1, p. 30-46, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0169.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"46","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213132,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0169"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffa2e4b0c8380cd4f2ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baez-Cazull, S. E.","contributorId":64034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baez-Cazull","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, J.T.","contributorId":17023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cozzarelli, I.M. 0000-0002-5123-1007","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":22343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"I.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Voytek, M.A.","contributorId":44272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033241,"text":"70033241 - 2008 - Suspended sediment transport in the freshwater reach of the Hudson river estuary in eastern New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033241","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suspended sediment transport in the freshwater reach of the Hudson river estuary in eastern New York","docAbstract":"Deposition of Hudson River sediment into New York Harbor interferes with navigation lanes and requires continuous dredging. Sediment dynamics at the Hudson estuary turbidity maximum (ETM) have received considerable study, but delivery of sediment to the ETM through the freshwater reach of the estuary has received relatively little attention and few direct measurements. An acoustic Doppler current profiler was positioned at the approximate limit of continuous freshwater to develop a 4-year time series of water velocity, discharge, suspended sediment concentration, and suspended sediment discharge. This data set was compared with suspended sediment discharge data collected during the same period at two sites just above the Hudson head-of-tide (the Federal Dam at Troy) that together represent the single largest source of sediment entering the estuary. The mean annual suspended sediment-discharge from the freshwater reach of the estuary was 737,000 metric tons. Unexpectedly, the total suspended sediment discharge at the study site in November and December slightly exceeded that observed during March and April, the months during which rain and snowmelt typically result in the largest sediment discharge to the estuary. Suspended sediment discharge at the study site exceeded that from the Federal Dam, even though the intervening reach appears to store significant amounts of sediment, suggesting that 30-40% of sediment discharge observed at the study site is derived from tributaries to the estuary between the Federal Dam and study site. A simple model of sediment entering and passing through the freshwater reach on a timescale of weeks appears reasonable during normal hydrologic conditions in adjoining watersheds; however, this simple model may dramatically overestimate sediment delivery during extreme tributary high flows, especially those at the end of, or after, the \"flushing season\" (October through April). Previous estimates of annual or seasonal sediment delivery from tributaries and the Federal Dam to the ETM and harbor may be high for those years with extreme tributary high-flow events. ?? 2008 Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries and Coasts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s12237-008-9050-y","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Wall, G.R., Nystrom, E., and Litten, S., 2008, Suspended sediment transport in the freshwater reach of the Hudson river estuary in eastern New York: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 31, no. 3, p. 542-553, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-008-9050-y.","startPage":"542","endPage":"553","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476677,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-008-9050-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213432,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-008-9050-y"},{"id":241057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba307e4b08c986b31fb2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wall, G. R.","contributorId":93652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nystrom, E.A.","contributorId":85749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nystrom","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Litten, S.","contributorId":18976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litten","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031765,"text":"70031765 - 2008 - Characterization of the shallow groundwater system in an alpine watershed: Handcart Gulch, Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-26T10:00:09","indexId":"70031765","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of the shallow groundwater system in an alpine watershed: Handcart Gulch, Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"Water-table elevation measurements and aquifer parameter estimates are rare in alpine settings because few wells exist in these environments. Alpine groundwater systems may be a primary source of recharge to regional groundwater flow systems. Handcart Gulch is an alpine watershed in Colorado, USA comprised of highly fractured Proterozoic metamorphic and igneous rocks with wells completed to various depths. Primary study objectives include determining hydrologic properties of shallow bedrock and surficial materials, developing a watershed water budget, and testing the consistency of measured hydrologic properties and water budget by constructing a simple model incorporating groundwater and surface water for water year 2005. Water enters the study area as precipitation and exits as discharge in the trunk stream or potential recharge for the deeper aquifer. Surficial infiltration rates ranged from 0.1-6.2??0-5 m/s. Discharge was estimated at 1.28??10-3 km3. Numerical modeling analysis of single-well aquifer tests predicted lower specific storage in crystalline bedrock than in ferricrete and colluvial material (6.7??10-5-2.10??0-3 l/m). Hydraulic conductivity in crystalline bedrock was significantly lower than in colluvial and alluvial material (4.3??10-9 -2.0??10-4 m/s). Water budget results suggest that during normal precipitation and temperatures water is available to recharge the deeper groundwater flow system. ?? Springer-Verlag 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-007-0225-6","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Kahn, K., Ge, S., Caine, J.S., and Manning, A., 2008, Characterization of the shallow groundwater system in an alpine watershed: Handcart Gulch, Colorado, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 16, no. 1, p. 103-121, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-007-0225-6.","startPage":"103","endPage":"121","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212580,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-007-0225-6"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4e7e4b0c8380cd4bfbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kahn, Katherine G.","contributorId":174149,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kahn","given":"Katherine G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ge, Shemin","contributorId":37366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ge","given":"Shemin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caine, Jonathan S. 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":1272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":433028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manning, A.","contributorId":73824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033203,"text":"70033203 - 2008 - Influences of organic matter and calcification rate on trace elements in aragonitic estuarine bivalve shells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T09:43:47","indexId":"70033203","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influences of organic matter and calcification rate on trace elements in aragonitic estuarine bivalve shells","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id12\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id13\"><p>A suite of elements (B, Na, Mg, S, K, Ca, V, Mn, Cr, Sr, and Ba) was measured in aragonitic shells of the estuarine bivalve<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Corbula amurensis</i>, the Asian clam, using the Sensitive High-Resolution Ion MicroProbe with Reverse Geometry (SHRIMP RG). Our initial intent was to explore potential geochemical proxy relationships between shell chemistry and salinity (freshwater inflow) in northern San Francisco Bay (SFB). In the course of this study we observed variations in shell trace element to calcium ([M]/Ca) ratios that could only be attributed to internal biological processes. This paper discusses the nature and sources of internal trace element variability in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>C. amurensis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>shells related to the shell organic fraction and shell calcification rates. The average organic content of whole<span>&nbsp;</span><i>C. amurensis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>shells is 19%. After treating whole powdered shells with an oxidative cleaning procedure to remove organic matter, shells contained on average 33% less total Mg and 78% less total Mn. Within our analytical uncertainty, Sr and Ba contents were unchanged by the removal of organic matter. These results show that aragonitic<span>&nbsp;</span><i>C. amurensis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>shells have a large component of non-lattice-bound Mg and Mn that probably contribute to the dissimilarity of [M]/Ca profiles among five same-sized shells. Non-lattice-bound trace elements could complicate the development and application of geochemical proxy relationships in bivalve shells. Because B, Ba and Sr occur exclusively in shell aragonite, they are good candidates for external proxy relationships. [M]/Ca ratios were significantly different in prismatic and nacreous aragonite and in two valves of the same shell that had different crystal growth rates. Some part of these differences can be attributed to non-lattice-bound trace elements associated with the organic fraction. The differences in [M]/Ca ratios were also consistent with the calcification rate-dependent ion transport model developed by Carré et al. [Carré M., Bentaleb I., Bruguier O., Ordinola E., Barrett N. T. and Fontugne M. (2006) Calcification rate influence on trace element concentrations in aragonitic bivalve shells: evidences and mechanisms.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta</i><strong>70</strong>, 4906–4920] which predicts that [M]/Ca ratios increase as calcification rates increase and Ca<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>channel specificity decreases. This result, in combination with the possibility that there were ontogenetic variations in growth rates among individuals younger than 2 years, underscores the need to develop an independent age model for<span>&nbsp;</span><i>C. amurensis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>shells. If growth-rate effects on lattice-bound [M]/Ca ratios can be constrained, it may yet be possible to develop high-resolution geochemical proxies for external solution chemistry in low-salinity regions of SFB.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2008.09.003","issn":"00167","usgsCitation":"Takesue, R., Bacon, C., and Thompson, J., 2008, Influences of organic matter and calcification rate on trace elements in aragonitic estuarine bivalve shells: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 72, no. 22, p. 5431-5445, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.09.003.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"5431","endPage":"5445","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213395,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.09.003"}],"volume":"72","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ba3e4b0c8380cd6270a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takesue, R.K.","contributorId":21645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takesue","given":"R.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, J.K.","contributorId":103300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033186,"text":"70033186 - 2008 - Measuring real-time streamflow using emerging technologies: Radar, hydroacoustics, and the probability concept","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033186","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measuring real-time streamflow using emerging technologies: Radar, hydroacoustics, and the probability concept","docAbstract":"Forecasting streamflow during extreme hydrologic events such as floods can be problematic. This is particularly true when flow is unsteady, and river forecasts rely on models that require uniform-flow rating curves to route water from one forecast point to another. As a result, alternative methods for measuring streamflow are needed to properly route flood waves and account for inertial and pressure forces in natural channels dominated by nonuniform-flow conditions such as mild water surface slopes, backwater, tributary inflows, and reservoir operations. The objective of the demonstration was to use emerging technologies to measure instantaneous streamflow in open channels at two existing US Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations in Pennsylvania. Surface-water and instream-point velocities were measured using hand-held radar and hydroacoustics. Streamflow was computed using the probability concept, which requires velocity data from a single vertical containing the maximum instream velocity. The percent difference in streamflow at the Susquehanna River at Bloomsburg, PA ranged from 0% to 8% with an average difference of 4% and standard deviation of 8.81 m3/s. The percent difference in streamflow at Chartiers Creek at Carnegie, PA ranged from 0% to 11% with an average difference of 5% and standard deviation of 0.28 m3/s. New generation equipment is being tested and developed to advance the use of radar-derived surface-water velocity and instantaneous streamflow to facilitate the collection and transmission of real-time streamflow that can be used to parameterize hydraulic routing models.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.03.028","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Fulton, J., and Ostrowski, J., 2008, Measuring real-time streamflow using emerging technologies: Radar, hydroacoustics, and the probability concept: Journal of Hydrology, v. 357, no. 1-2, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.03.028.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213129,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.03.028"}],"volume":"357","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a534fe4b0c8380cd6c9bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fulton, J.","contributorId":9872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ostrowski, J.","contributorId":10925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostrowski","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033145,"text":"70033145 - 2008 - Complex seasonal patterns of primary producers at the land-sea interface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:28:02","indexId":"70033145","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complex seasonal patterns of primary producers at the land-sea interface","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Seasonal fluctuations of plant biomass and photosynthesis are key features of the Earth system because they drive variability of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>, water and nutrient cycling, and food supply to consumers. There is no inventory of phytoplankton seasonal cycles in nearshore coastal ecosystems where forcings from ocean, land and atmosphere intersect. We compiled time series of phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll<span>&nbsp;</span><i>a</i>) from 114 estuaries, lagoons, inland seas, bays and shallow coastal waters around the world, and searched for seasonal patterns as common timing and amplitude of monthly variability. The data revealed a broad continuum of seasonal patterns, with large variability across and within ecosystems. This contrasts with annual cycles of terrestrial and oceanic primary producers for which seasonal fluctuations are recurrent and synchronous over large geographic regions. This finding bears on two fundamental ecological questions: (1) how do estuarine and coastal consumers adapt to an irregular and unpredictable food supply, and (2) how can we extract signals of climate change from phytoplankton observations in coastal ecosystems where local‐scale processes can mask responses to changing climate?</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01244.x","issn":"14610","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J., and Jassby, A., 2008, Complex seasonal patterns of primary producers at the land-sea interface: Ecology Letters, v. 11, no. 12, p. 1294-1303, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01244.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1294","endPage":"1303","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213493,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01244.x"}],"volume":"11","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f910e4b0c8380cd4d3f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jassby, A.D.","contributorId":43798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jassby","given":"A.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033138,"text":"70033138 - 2008 - Solute profiles in soils, weathering gradients and exchange equilibrium/disequilibrium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T10:51:29","indexId":"70033138","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2748,"text":"Mineralogical Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solute profiles in soils, weathering gradients and exchange equilibrium/disequilibrium","docAbstract":"<p><span>The spatial and temporal changes in hydrology and pore water elemental and&nbsp;</span><sup>87/86</sup><span>Sr compositions were used to determine contemporary weathering rates in a 65 to 226 ky old soil chronosequence formed from granitic sediments deposited on marine terraces along coastal California. Cl-corrected Na, K and Si increased with depth denoting inputs from the weathering of plagioclase and K-feldspar. Solute<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>87/86</sup><span>Sr exhibited progressive mixing of sea water-dominated precipitation with inputs from less radiogenic plagioclase. Linear approximations to these weathering gradients were used to determine plagioclase weathering rates of between 0.38 and 8.9×10</span><sup>−15</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>moles m</span><sup>−2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. The lack of corresponding weathering gradients for Ca and Sr indicated short-term equilibrium with the clay ion exchange pool which requires periodic resetting by natural perturbations to maintain continuity, in spite of soil composition changes reflecting the effects of long-term weathering.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society","doi":"10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.149","issn":"00264","usgsCitation":"White, A.F., Schulz, M.S., Stonestrom, D.A., Vivit, D., Fitzpatrick, J., and Bullen, T., 2008, Solute profiles in soils, weathering gradients and exchange equilibrium/disequilibrium: Mineralogical Magazine, v. 72, no. 1, p. 149-153, https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.149.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213390,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.149"}],"volume":"72","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9252e4b08c986b319e39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulz, M. S.","contributorId":7299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vivit, D.V.","contributorId":28609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vivit","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, J.","contributorId":28744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bullen, T.","contributorId":102651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033104,"text":"70033104 - 2008 - Application of synchrotron methods to assess the uptake of roadway-derived Zn by earthworms in an urban soil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:19:18","indexId":"70033104","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2748,"text":"Mineralogical Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of synchrotron methods to assess the uptake of roadway-derived Zn by earthworms in an urban soil","docAbstract":"<p>The impact of human activities on biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial environments is nowhere more apparent than in urban landscapes. Trace metals, collected on roadways and transported by storm water, may contaminate soils and sediments associated with storm water management systems. These systems will accumulate metals and associated sediments may reach toxic levels for terrestrial and aquatic organisms using the retention basins as habitat. The fate and bioavailability of these metals once deposited is poorly understood. Here we present results from a dose-response experiment that examines the application of synchrotron X-ray fluorescence methods (μ-SXRF) to test the hypothesis that earthworms will bio-accumulate Zn in a roadway-dust contaminated soil system providing a potential pathway for roadway contaminants into the terrestrial food web, and that the storage and distribution of Zn will change with the level of exposure reflecting the micronutrient status of Zn.</p><p><i>Lumbricus friendi</i><span>&nbsp;</span>was exposed to Zn-bearing roadway dust amended to a field soil at six target concentrations ranging from background levels (45 mg/kg Zn) to highly contaminated levels (460 mg/kg Zn) designed to replicate the observed concentration range in storm-water retention basin soils. After a 30 day exposure, Zn storage in the intestine is positively correlated with dose and there is a change in the pattern of Zn storage within the intestine. This relationship is only clear when μ-SXRF Zn map data is coupled with a traditional toxicological approach, and suggests that the gut concentration in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. friendi</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is a better indicator of Zn bioaccumulation and storage than the total body burden.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSW","doi":"10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.191","issn":"00264","usgsCitation":"Lev, S., Landa, E.R., Szlavecz, K., Casey, R., and Snodgrass, J., 2008, Application of synchrotron methods to assess the uptake of roadway-derived Zn by earthworms in an urban soil: Mineralogical Magazine, v. 72, no. 1, p. 191-195, https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.191.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"195","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213423,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.191"},{"id":241048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ecb1e4b0c8380cd49428","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lev, S.M.","contributorId":10230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lev","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Szlavecz, K.","contributorId":103092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szlavecz","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casey, R.","contributorId":87372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Snodgrass, J.","contributorId":43576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snodgrass","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70179821,"text":"70179821 - 2008 - Effects of 2003 wildfires on stream chemistry in Glacier National Park, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:27:20","indexId":"70179821","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of 2003 wildfires on stream chemistry in Glacier National Park, Montana","docAbstract":"<p><span>Changes in stream chemistry were studied for 4 years following large wildfires that burned in Glacier National Park during the summer of 2003. Burned and unburned drainages were monitored from December 2003 through August 2007 for streamflow, major constituents, nutrients, and suspended sediment following the fires. Stream-water nitrate concentrations showed the greatest response to fire, increasing up to tenfold above those in the unburned drainage just prior to the first post-fire snowmelt season. Concentrations in winter base flow remained elevated during the entire study period, whereas concentrations during the growing season returned to background levels after two snowmelt seasons. Annual export of total nitrogen from the burned drainage ranged from 1·53 to 3·23 kg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span> yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span> compared with 1·01 to 1·39 kg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span> yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span> from the unburned drainage and exceeded atmospheric inputs for the first two post-fire water years. Fire appeared to have minimal long-term effects on other nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, and major constituents with the exception of sulfate and chloride, which showed increased concentrations for 2 years following the fire. There was little evidence that fire affected suspended-sediment concentrations in the burned drainage. Sediment yields in subalpine streams may be less affected by fire than in lower elevation streams because of the slow release rate of water during spring snowmelt.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7121","usgsCitation":"Mast, M.A., and Clow, D.W., 2008, Effects of 2003 wildfires on stream chemistry in Glacier National Park, Montana: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 26, p. 5013-5023, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7121.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"5013","endPage":"5023","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58808d72e4b01dfadfff155d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}