Streamflow in many parts of the Blackstone River Basin in south-central Massachusetts and northern Rhode Island is altered by water-supply withdrawals, wastewater-return flows, and land-use change associated with a growing population. Simulations from a previously developed and calibrated Hydrological Simulation Program—FORTRAN (HSPF) precipitation-runoff model for the basin were used to evaluate the effects of water withdrawals, wastewater-return flows, and land-use change on streamflow. Most of the simulations were done for recent (1996–2001) conditions and potential buildout conditions in the future when all available land is developed to provide a long-range assessment of the effects of possible future human activities on water resources in the basin.
The effects of land-use change were evaluated by comparing the results of long-term (1960–2004) simulations with (1) undeveloped land use, (2) 1995–1999 land use, and (3) potential buildout land use at selected sites across the basin. Flow-duration curves for these land-use scenarios were similar, indicating that land-use change, as represented in the HSPF model, had little effect on flow in the major tributary streams and rivers in the basin. However, land-use change—particularly increased effective impervious area—could potentially have greater effects on the hydrology, water quality, and aquatic habitat of the smaller streams in the basin.
The effects of water withdrawals and wastewater-return flows were evaluated by comparing the results of long-term simulations with (1) no withdrawals and return flows, (2) actual (measured) 1996–2001 withdrawals and wastewater-return flows, and (3) potential withdrawals and wastewater-return flows at buildout. Overall, the results indicated that water use had a much larger effect on streamflow than did land use, and that the location and magnitude of wastewater-return flows were important for lessening the effects of withdrawals on streamflow in the Blackstone River Basin. Ratios of long-term (1960–2004) simulated flows with 1996–2001 water use (representing the net effect of withdrawals and wastewater-return flows) to long-term simulated flows with no water use indicated that, for many reaches, 1996–2001 water use did not deplete flows at the 90-percent flow duration substantially compared to flows unaffected by water use. Flows generally were more severely depleted in the reaches that include surface-water supplies for the larger cities in the basin (Kettle and Tatnuck Brooks, Worcester, Mass. water supply; Quinsigamond River, Shrewsbury, Mass. water supply; Crookfall Brook, Woonsocket, R.I. water supply; and Abbott Run, Pawtucket, R.I. water supply). These reaches did not have substantial wastewater-return flows that could offset the effects of the withdrawals. In contrast, wastewater-return flows from the Upper Blackstone Wastewater Treatment Facility in Millbury, Mass. increased flows at the 90-percent flow duration in the main stem of the Blackstone River compared to no-water-use conditions. Under the assumptions used to develop the buildout scenario, nearly all of the new water withdrawals were returned to the Blackstone River Basin at municipal wastewater-treatment plants or on-site septic systems. Consequently, buildout generally had small effects on simulated low flows in the Blackstone River and most of the major tributary streams compared to flows with 1996–2001 water use.
To evaluate the effects of water use on flows in the rivers and major tributary streams in the Rhode Island part of the basin in greater detail, the magnitudes of water withdrawals and wastewater-return flows in relation to simulated streamflow were calculated as unique ratios for individual HSPF subbasins, total contributing areas to HSPF subbasins, and total contributing areas to the major tributary streams. For recent conditions (1996–2001 withdrawals and 1995–1999 land use), ratios of average summer (June through September) withdrawals to the long-term (1960–2004) medians of average summer streamflow simulated in the absence of water use ranged from 0.039 to 2.5 with a median value of 0.11 for total contributing areas to HSPF subbasins. The largest ratios of withdrawal rates to streamflow were for Crookfall Brook and Abbott Run, the subbasins with major withdrawals for municipal water supply. The smallest ratios were for the rural subbasins in the Branch River drainage area in the southwestern part of the basin. For recent conditions, ratios of average summer wastewater-return flows to average summer streamflows ranged from 0.0 to 0.20 with a median value of 0.029 for total contributing areas to HSPF subbasins. The largest ratios of wastewater-return flows to streamflows were for the subbasins that contained return flows from municipal wastewater-treatment plants and the subbasins along the Blackstone River because of high wastewater-return-flow rates from upstream facilities. Under the assumptions used to develop the buildout analysis, withdrawal and return-flow ratios were estimated to increase for most of the HSPF subbasins in the Rhode Island part of the basin. Ratios more than doubled for some subbasins, but the large increases mainly were for subbasins that had low ratios in 1996–2001.
The HSPF model also was used to estimate the effects of water-conservation measures on low flows in rivers and major tributary streams in the Rhode Island part of the basin, the contribution of wastewater-return flows to streamflow in the Blackstone River, and the effects of changes to two local water supplies in Rhode Island. Water-conservation measures were evaluated by reducing 1996–2001 withdrawals by 20 percent. Simulations with 20-percent reductions in withdrawal rates indicated that conservation measures would result in appreciable increases in low flows in the subbasins with the highest withdrawal rates in the Rhode Island part of the Blackstone River Basin, whereas the effects on streamflow would be much less pronounced in subbasins with lower withdrawal rates. The contribution of wastewater-return flows to streamflow in the Blackstone River was evaluated by comparing simulated flows with and without municipal wastewater-return flows. Under typical summer low-flow conditions, treated wastewater was a major component of streamflow (35 to 50 percent) in the Blackstone River, and the percentage of treated wastewater was larger during the driest periods. The simulations conducted to evaluate changes to local water supplies (effects of potential withdrawals from an inactive well adjacent to Slatersville Reservoir in North Smithfield on flows in the Branch River, and the effects of connecting the town of North Smithfield to the water-supply system for the city of Woonsocket, Rhode Island) indicated that each of these activities would alter low flows only slightly in the associated stream reaches.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075183","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Rhode Island Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Barbaro, J.R., 2007, Simulation of the effects of water withdrawals, wastewater-return flows, and land-use change on streamflow in the Blackstone River basin, Massachusetts and Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5183, ix, 93 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075183.","productDescription":"ix, 93 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395651,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83234.htm"},{"id":10758,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5183/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":121062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5183.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Blackstone River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.9292,\n 41.8617\n ],\n [\n -71.3433,\n 41.8617\n ],\n [\n -71.3433,\n 42.3431\n ],\n [\n -71.9292,\n 42.3431\n ],\n [\n -71.9292,\n 41.8617\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48f3e4b07f02db55a894","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barbaro, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-6107-2142 jrbarbar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-2142","contributorId":1626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbaro","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrbarbar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80905,"text":"sir20075266 - 2007 - Occurrence of selected pharmaceuticals, personal-care products, organic wastewater compounds, and pesticides in the lower Tallapoosa River watershed near Montgomery, Alabama, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-20T15:15:36","indexId":"sir20075266","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5266","displayTitle":"Occurrence of Selected Pharmaceuticals, Personal-Care Products, Organic Wastewater Compounds, and Pesticides in the Lower Tallapoosa River Watershed near Montgomery, Alabama, 2005","title":"Occurrence of selected pharmaceuticals, personal-care products, organic wastewater compounds, and pesticides in the lower Tallapoosa River watershed near Montgomery, Alabama, 2005","docAbstract":"Synthetic and natural organic compounds derived from agricultural operations, residential development, and treated and untreated sanitary and industrial wastewater discharges can contribute contaminants to surface and ground waters. To determine the occurrence of these compounds in the lower Tallapoosa River watershed, Alabama, new laboratory methods were used that can detect human and veterinary antibiotics; pharmaceuticals; and compounds found in personal-care products, food additives, detergents and their metabolites, plasticizers, and other industrial and household products in the environment. Well-established methods for detecting 47 pesticides and 19 pesticide degradates also were used. In all, 186 different compounds were analyzed by using four analytical methods.\r\n\r\nThe lower Tallapoosa River serves as the water-supply source for more than 100,000 customers of the Montgomery Water Works and Sanitary Sewer Board. Source-water protection is a high priority for the Board, which is responsible for providing safe drinking water. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Montgomery Water Works and Sanitary Sewer Board, conducted this study to provide baseline data that could be used to assess the effects of agriculture and residential development on the occurrence of selected organic compounds in the lower Tallapoosa River watershed.\r\n\r\nTwenty samples were collected at 10 sites on the Tallapoosa River and its tributaries. Ten samples were collected in April 2005 during high base streamflow, and 10 samples were collected in October 2005 when base streamflow was low.\r\n\r\nThirty-two of 186 compounds were detected in the lower Tallapoosa River watershed. Thirteen compounds, including atrazine, 2-chloro-4-isopropylamino-6-amino-s-triazine (CIAT), hexazinone, metalaxyl, metolachlor, prometryn, prometon, simazine, azithromycin, oxytetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and tylosin, had measurable concentrations above their laboratory reporting levels. Concentrations were estimated for an additional 19 compounds that were detected below their laboratory reporting levels.\r\n\r\nThe two most frequently detected compounds were the pesticides atrazine (19 of 20 samples) and simazine (13 of 20 samples). Tylosin, a veterinary antibiotic, was detected in 8 of 20 samples. Other compounds frequently detected at very low concentrations included CIAT and hexazinone (a degradate of atrazine and a pesticide, respectively); camphor (derived from personal-care products or flavorants), para-cresol (various uses including solvent, wood preservative, and in household cleaning products), and N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET, an insect repellent).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075266","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Montgomery Water Works and Sanitary Sewer Board","usgsCitation":"Oblinger, C.J., Gill, A.C., McPherson, A.K., Meyer, M.T., and Furlong, E.T., 2007, Occurrence of selected pharmaceuticals, personal-care products, organic wastewater compounds, and pesticides in the lower Tallapoosa River watershed near Montgomery, Alabama, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5266, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075266.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10748,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5266/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","city":"Montgomery","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.5,32 ], [ -86.5,33 ], [ -85.25,33 ], [ -85.25,32 ], [ -86.5,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db69254a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oblinger, Carolyn J. 0000-0003-2914-1643 oblinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2914-1643","contributorId":13275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oblinger","given":"Carolyn","email":"oblinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, Amy C. 0000-0002-5738-9390 acgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5738-9390","contributorId":220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Amy","email":"acgill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McPherson, Ann K.","contributorId":15240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":80898,"text":"ofr20071382 - 2007 - Habitat and hydrology: Assessing biological resources of the Suwannee River Estuarine system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-23T21:15:48.869042","indexId":"ofr20071382","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1382","title":"Habitat and hydrology: Assessing biological resources of the Suwannee River Estuarine system","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a pilot integrated-science study during 2002 and 2003 to map, describe, and evaluate benthic and emergent habitats in the Suwannee River Estuary on the Gulf Coast of Florida. Categories of aquatic, emergent, and terrestrial habitats were determined from hyperspectral imagery and integrated with hydrologic data to identify estuarine fish habitats. Maps of intertidal and benthic habitat were derived from 12-band, 4-m resolution hyperspectral imagery acquired in September 2002. Hydrologic data were collected from tidal creeks during the winter of 2002-03 and the summer-fall of 2003. Fish were sampled from tidal creeks during March 2003 using rivulet nets, throw traps, and seine nets. Habitat characteristics, hydrologic data, and fish assemblages were compared for tidal creeks north and south of the Suwannee River. Tidal creeks north of the river had more shoreline edge and shallow habitat than creeks to the south. Tidal creeks south of the river were generally of lower salinity (fresher) and supported more freshwater marsh and submerged aquatic vegetation. The southern creeks tended to be deeper but less sinuous than the northern creeks. Water quality and inundation were evaluated with hydrologic monitoring in the creeks. In-situ gauges, recording pressure and temperature, documented a net discharge of brackish to saline groundwater into the tidal creeks with pronounced flow during low tide. Groundwater flow into the creeks was most prominent north of the river. Combined fish-sampling results showed an overall greater abundance of organisms and greater species richness in the southern creeks, nominally attributed a greater range in water quality. Fish samples were dominated by juvenile spot, grass shrimp, bay anchovy, and silverside. The short time frame for hydrologic monitoring and the one-time fish-sampling effort were insufficient for forming definitive conclusions. However, the combination of hyperspectral imagery and hydrologic data identified a range of habitat characteristics and differences in tidal-creek morphology. This endeavor related nearshore benthic habitat and hydrologic conditions with habitat suitability and fish assemblages and provides a template for similar applications in shallow and nearshore estuarine environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071382","usgsCitation":"Raabe, E.A., Edwards, R.E., McIvor, C.C., Grubbs, J.W., and Dennis, G., 2007, Habitat and hydrology: Assessing biological resources of the Suwannee River Estuarine system: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1382, Report: v, 66 p.; Maps; Hyperspectral Imagery; Metadata; ReadMe, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071382.","productDescription":"Report: v, 66 p.; Maps; Hyperspectral Imagery; Metadata; ReadMe","numberOfPages":"72","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071382.gif"},{"id":405502,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83231.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":293668,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1382/OFR_2007-1382/OFR_2007-1382.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":10741,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1382/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Suwannee River Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.33816528320312,\n 29.206117175428307\n ],\n [\n -82.8973388671875,\n 29.206117175428307\n ],\n [\n -82.8973388671875,\n 29.536424391519873\n ],\n [\n -83.33816528320312,\n 29.536424391519873\n ],\n [\n -83.33816528320312,\n 29.206117175428307\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c1ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raabe, Ellen A. eraabe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raabe","given":"Ellen","email":"eraabe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, Randy E.","contributorId":59888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Randy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McIvor, Carole C.","contributorId":73254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIvor","given":"Carole","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grubbs, Jack W.","contributorId":93142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grubbs","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dennis, George D.","contributorId":97189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennis","given":"George D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":80894,"text":"sir20075175 - 2007 - Effects of Impoundments and Land-Cover Changes on Streamflows and Selected Fish Habitat in the Upper Osage River Basin, Missouri and Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:23","indexId":"sir20075175","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5175","title":"Effects of Impoundments and Land-Cover Changes on Streamflows and Selected Fish Habitat in the Upper Osage River Basin, Missouri and Kansas","docAbstract":"A study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Conservation to estimate the effects of existing and proposed impoundments, land-cover changes, and reported water uses on streamflows in the 5,410-square mile upper Osage River Basin. The hydrologic model Hydrologic Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) was calibrated and validated to current (1995?2004 water years) regulation and water-use conditions, and scenarios were developed to evaluate differences for the same 10-years of record under pre-settlement, and proposed impoundment conditions. Analyses included quantification of changes in the magnitude, frequency, timing, and duration of streamflows under each simulation scenario. Streamflows from the simulations were used in conjunction with known streamflow-fish habitat relations to quantify effects of altered flows on fish-habitat area at selected Marais des Cygnes and Marmaton River locations.\r\n\r\nThe cumulative effects of impoundments and land-cover changes were determined to substantially alter streamflows in the upper Osage River Basin model simulations spanning pre-settlement to proposed future conditions. The degree of streamflow alteration varied between major subbasins. Streamflows in the Marais des Cygnes River Basin were altered between pre-settlement and current conditions, primarily by major impoundments, with smaller changes expected with proposed regulation. Streamflows in the Little Osage River Basin were relatively unchanged between pre-settlement and current conditions with land-cover changes (primarily the conversion of native prairies to cultivated land) affecting flows more than the few current impoundments in this basin. The current peak flows in the Marmaton River Basin generally were higher than pre-settlement or proposed scenario peak flows. Of the three major subbasins, the Marmaton River Basin is likely to be the most affected by proposed impoundments.\r\n\r\nDeclines in monthly minimum streamflows under a proposed impoundment scenario at the Marais des Cygnes River near the Kansas-Missouri state line, Kansas, were greatest for the lowest 10 percent of corresponding observed flows and during the driest years (2000, 2001 water years); that is, the greatest percent declines in flows under proposed conditions generally occurred during the lowest current/observed flow periods. In a small headwater basin in the Marmaton River Basin, simulated declines in minimum flows were small (generally less than 6 cubic feet per second and less than 1 cubic foot per second for 1- and 3-day scenarios), but resulted in 10 to 18 additional zero flow days for the 10-year simulation for the proposed scenarios relative to current simulated conditions. Reductions in minimum monthly flows as a result of additional impoundments generally were less than 5 cubic feet per second at the Marmaton River near Marmaton, Kansas, and resulted in 6 additional zero flow days. The greatest declines between proposed and current flows at the Marmaton River near the Kansas-Missouri state line, Missouri, generally occurred in the lower 50 percentile of the distribution of current simulated flows and during the drier simulation years (2001?2003). Proposed conditions resulted in declines in the 0-10 percentile flow values for the 1-, 3-, and 7-day durations. July, August, and October had the largest declines in proposed low flows relative to current simulated low flows for the 10-year simulation at this site.\r\n\r\nThe flood frequency for the Marais des Cygnes River near the Kansas-Missouri state line was unchanged between observed and proposed conditions for the 10-year simulation, but was 450 percent greater under the pre-settlement scenarios compared to observed conditions. Flood frequency generally was greatest for the current condition scenarios in the Marmaton River Basin and least for the proposed conditions, although the effects of regulation on flood frequency decreased downstream from the Kansas-","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075175","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Conservation","usgsCitation":"Heimann, D.C., Licher, S.S., and Schalk, G.K., 2007, Effects of Impoundments and Land-Cover Changes on Streamflows and Selected Fish Habitat in the Upper Osage River Basin, Missouri and Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5175, Report: xii, 96 p.; Data: available online and on CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075175.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 96 p.; Data: available online and on CD-ROM","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10736,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5175/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97,37.25 ], [ -97,39 ], [ -94,39 ], [ -94,37.25 ], [ -97,37.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688cd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heimann, David C. 0000-0003-0450-2545 dheimann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-2545","contributorId":3822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimann","given":"David","email":"dheimann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Licher, Susan S.","contributorId":69671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Licher","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schalk, Gregg K.","contributorId":66250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schalk","given":"Gregg","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80881,"text":"sir20075172 - 2007 - Water quality of the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, and their U.S. tributaries, 1946-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-06T11:45:07","indexId":"sir20075172","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5172","title":"Water quality of the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, and their U.S. tributaries, 1946-2005","docAbstract":"The St. Clair River/Lake St. Clair waterway forms an international boundary between the United States and Canada. The waters of the area are an important part of the cultural heritage of the area and serves as an important water-supply and power-generating resource; the waterway also supports an economy based largely on recreation, agriculture, and manufacturing. This report was undertaken as part of the Lake St. Clair Regional Monitoring Project for the purpose of providing a comprehensive assessment of the hydrological, chemical, and physical state of the surface water of Lake St. Clair and its tributaries. The data varied in focus and density over the period of compilation which in many cases this variation prevented the completion of statistical analyses because data did not meet minimum comparability or quality requirements for those tests.
Comparison of water quality of the Belle, Black, Clinton, and Pine River Basins, as well as basins of minor rivers in the study area, showed that water quality in many of the tributaries, particularly the Clinton River and some of the minor rivers, was degraded compared to the water quality of the St. Clair River/Lake St. Clair waterway. Data analyses included comparison of nutrients, chloride, specific conductance, turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and pesticides among the basins and the St. Clair River. Median concentrations of total nitrate were well below the recommended USEPA total nitrogen ambient water-quality criterion of 0.54 mg/L as N for nutrient ecoregion VII for all study-area streams except the Clinton River. More than 93 percent of the phosphorus concentrations for the Belle, Black, Pine and minor river basins and 84 percent of the phosphorus concentrations for the Clinton River Basin are greater than the USEPA recommended ambient total phosphorus criterion of 0.033 mg/L for rivers and streams. Nine chloride concentrations exceeded the USEPA criterion maximum concentration (CMC) for chloride set at 860 mg/L for all study-area streams, with the six largest being in the Belle River Basin. Higher chloride concentrations were increasingly common from 2002 to 2005. The urban minor river basins had the highest median specific conductance, whereas the agricultural Pine River Basin had the lowest median specific conductance. The median values of BOD for the five basins in the study area ranged from 2.4 mg/L for the Pine River Basin to 3.2 mg/L for the Black and Clinton River Basins, whereas the median for the St. Clair River was 0.5 mg/L. In 1985, the highest concentrations of pesticides were found in samples from the mouth of the Clinton River; however, in 1996–98, the majority of high pesticide concentrations were found in samples from the Black River. Changing land-use patterns, specifically conversion of agricultural lands to urban/residential lands in the Clinton River Basin, may explain this difference.
Trend analysis was done for four stream sites where adequate data were available. These analyses identified no significant water-quality changes at a stream site on the Black River, where land-use patterns have changed little in the past few decades. This stands in marked contrast to trend analysis for three stream sites in the Clinton River Basin, which has undergone significant land-use change. The changes at the Clinton River stream sites, ranging from 5 to 13 significant trends, were generally decreases in nutrients and increases in total dissolved solids (TDS) and chloride.
The greater flow volume of the St. Clair River/Lake St. Clair waterway is able to assimilate incoming dissolved and suspended constituents from tributaries with little effect upon its overall water quality, although incomplete mixing may result in localized water-quality impairment downstream from tributary confluences. Mixing effects on Lake St. Clair water quality was also demonstrated in analysis of Escherichia coli (E. coli) data collected at paired nearshore/offshore sites, which reflected similarity in water quality among many paired sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075172","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lake St. Clair Regional Monitoring Project; Michigan Department of Environmental Quality; and Macomb, Oakland, St. Clair, and Wayne Counties, Michigan","usgsCitation":"Healy, D.F., Chambers, D., Rachol, C.M., and Jodoin, R.S., 2007, Water quality of the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, and their U.S. tributaries, 1946-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5172, viii, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075172.","productDescription":"viii, 92 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20075172.JPG"},{"id":10710,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5172/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, and their U.S. tributaries","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.66666666666667,42 ], [ -83.66666666666667,43.75 ], [ -81.83333333333333,43.75 ], [ -81.83333333333333,42 ], [ -83.66666666666667,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, Denis F.","contributorId":46514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"Denis","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chambers, Douglas B. 0000-0002-5275-5427 dbchambe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5275-5427","contributorId":2520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"Douglas B.","email":"dbchambe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rachol, Cynthia M. 0000-0001-9984-3435 crachol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9984-3435","contributorId":3488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rachol","given":"Cynthia","email":"crachol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jodoin, Richard S. rsjodoin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jodoin","given":"Richard","email":"rsjodoin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80814,"text":"tm4C2 - 2007 - Automated Routines for Calculating Whole-Stream Metabolism: Theoretical Background and User's Guide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:31:28","indexId":"tm4C2","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"4-C2","title":"Automated Routines for Calculating Whole-Stream Metabolism: Theoretical Background and User's Guide","docAbstract":"In order to standardize methods and facilitate rapid calculation and archival of stream-metabolism variables, the Stream Metabolism Program was developed to calculate gross primary production, net ecosystem production, respiration, and selected other variables from continuous measurements of dissolved-oxygen concentration, water temperature, and other user-supplied information. Methods for calculating metabolism from continuous measurements of dissolved-oxygen concentration and water temperature are fairly well known, but a standard set of procedures and computation software for all aspects of the calculations were not available previously. The Stream Metabolism Program addresses this deficiency with a stand-alone executable computer program written in Visual Basic.NET?, which runs in the Microsoft Windows? environment.\r\n\r\nAll equations and assumptions used in the development of the software are documented in this report. Detailed guidance on application of the software is presented, along with a summary of the data required to use the software. Data from either a single station or paired (upstream, downstream) stations can be used with the software to calculate metabolism variables.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chapter 2 of Book 4, Hydrologic Analysis and Interpretation, Section C, Surface Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/tm4C2","isbn":"9781411320437","usgsCitation":"Bales, J.D., and Nardi, M.R., 2007, Automated Routines for Calculating Whole-Stream Metabolism: Theoretical Background and User's Guide: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 4-C2, x, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm4C2.","productDescription":"x, 35 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_4_c2.jpg"},{"id":10651,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm4c2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688296","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nardi, Mark R. 0000-0002-7310-8050 mrnardi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310-8050","contributorId":1859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nardi","given":"Mark","email":"mrnardi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80826,"text":"ofr20071205 - 2007 - A Science Plan for a Comprehensive Regional Assessment of the Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System in Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T12:55:59.968869","indexId":"ofr20071205","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1205","title":"A Science Plan for a Comprehensive Regional Assessment of the Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System in Maryland","docAbstract":"The Maryland Coastal Plain region is, at present, largely dependent upon ground water for its water supply. Decades of increasing pumpage have caused ground-water levels in parts of the Maryland Coastal Plain to decline by as much as 2 feet per year in some areas of southern Maryland. Continued declines at this rate could affect the long-term sustainability of ground-water resources in Maryland's heavily populated Coastal Plain communities and the agricultural industry of the Eastern Shore.\r\n\r\nIn response to a recommendation in 2004 by the Advisory Committee on the Management and Protection of the State's Water Resources, the Maryland Geological Survey and the U.S. Geological Survey have developed a science plan for a comprehensive assessment that will provide new scientific information and new data management and analysis tools for the State to use in allocating ground water in the Coastal Plain. The comprehensive assessment has five goals aimed at improving the current information and tools used to understand the resource potential of the aquifer system:\r\n\r\n(1) document the geologic and hydrologic characteristics of the aquifer system in the Maryland Coastal Plain and appropriate areas of adjacent states;\r\n\r\n(2) conduct detailed studies of the regional ground-water-flow system and water budget for the aquifer system;\r\n\r\n(3) improve documentation of patterns of water quality in all Coastal Plain aquifers, including the distribution of saltwater;\r\n\r\n(4) enhance ground-water-level, streamflow, and water-quality-monitoring networks in the Maryland Coastal Plain;\r\n\r\nand (5) develop science-based tools to facilitate sound management of the ground-water resources in the Maryland Coastal Plain.\r\n\r\nThe assessment, as designed, will be conducted in three phases and if fully implemented, is expected to take 7 to 8 years to complete. Phase I, which was initiated in January 2006, is an effort to assemble all the information and investigation tools needed to do a more comprehensive assessment of the aquifer system. The work will include updating the hydrogeologic framework, developing a Geographic Information System-based aquifer information system, refinement of water-use information, assessment of existing water-quality data, and development of detailed plans for ground-water-flow and management models.\r\n\r\nPhase II is an intensive study phase during which a regional ground-water-flow model will be developed and calibrated for the entire region of Maryland in the Atlantic Coastal Plain as well as appropriate areas of Delaware and Virginia. The model will be used to simulate flow and water levels in the aquifer system and to study the water budget of the system. The model analysis will be based on published information but will be supplemented with field investigations of recharge and leakage in the aquifer system. Localized and finely discretized ground-water-flow models that are embedded in the regional model will be developed for selected areas of heavy withdrawals. Other modeling studies will be conducted to better understand flow in the unconfined parts of the aquifer system and to support the recharge studies. Phase II will also include selected water-quality studies and a study to determine how hydrologic and water-quality-monitoring networks need to be enhanced to appropriately assess the sustainability of the Coastal Plain aquifer system.\r\n\r\nPhase III will be largely devoted to the development and application of a ground-water optimization model. This model will be linked to the ground-water-flow model to create a model package that can be used to test different water-management scenarios. The management criteria that will be used to develop these scenarios will be determined in consultation with a variety of state and local stakeholders and policy makers in Phases I and II of the assessment.\r\n\r\nThe development of the aquifer information system is a key component of the assessment. The system will store all relevant aquifer data","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071205","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Maryland Geological Survey and the Maryland Department of the Environment","usgsCitation":"Shedlock, R.J., Bolton, D.W., Cleaves, E.T., Gerhart, J.M., and Nardi, M.R., 2007, A Science Plan for a Comprehensive Regional Assessment of the Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System in Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1205, vi, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071205.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p.","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193194,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10733,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1205/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4967e4b0b290850ef22f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shedlock, Robert J. rjshedlo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"Robert","email":"rjshedlo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bolton, David W.","contributorId":49874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolton","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cleaves, Emery T.","contributorId":80249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleaves","given":"Emery","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gerhart, James M.","contributorId":35717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerhart","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nardi, Mark R. 0000-0002-7310-8050 mrnardi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310-8050","contributorId":1859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nardi","given":"Mark","email":"mrnardi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":80852,"text":"sir20075048 - 2007 - Discovery of cyanuric acid during an assessment of natural organic matter in stormflow water of the Santa Ana River, southern California, 2003-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-09T15:12:37.987292","indexId":"sir20075048","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5048","title":"Discovery of cyanuric acid during an assessment of natural organic matter in stormflow water of the Santa Ana River, southern California, 2003-2004","docAbstract":"A stormflow study of natural organic matter and organic contaminants in the Santa Ana River, the Mill Creek tributary, and an urban drain tributary discovered cyanuric acid in variable concentrations up to 510 g/L. Cyanuric acid was isolated with a hydrophilic natural organic matter (NOM) fraction, and its identity was confirmed by a combination of infrared spectrometry, 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectrometry, and electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry. Cyanuric acid concentrations, based upon 13C-NMR spectral quantitation, increased during the peak and recessional flows of the storm hydrographs during three storms at three sites. The greatest fluxes of cyanuric acid were observed in the Santa Ana River during the third storm. The most likely source of cyanuric acid is as a metabolite of triazine herbicides, based on hydrographs, land uses of the drainage basins, and the yearly application rates of triazine herbicides. The daily flux of cyanuric acid in Santa Ana River stormflow during the third storm was calculated to be about 1 percent of the yearly application rate for triazine herbicides. Cyanuric acid was not detected in ground water at wells adjacent to the Santa Ana River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075048","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, California","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J.A., Izbicki, J., Rostad, C.E., Noyes, T.I., and Woodside, G., 2007, Discovery of cyanuric acid during an assessment of natural organic matter in stormflow water of the Santa Ana River, southern California, 2003-2004 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5048, vi, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075048.","productDescription":"vi, 13 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10680,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5048/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.25,33.416666666666664 ], [ -118.25,34.5 ], [ -116.41666666666667,34.5 ], [ -116.41666666666667,33.416666666666664 ], [ -118.25,33.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae89c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, Jerry A.","contributorId":72420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rostad, Colleen E. cerostad@usgs.gov","contributorId":833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"Colleen","email":"cerostad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noyes, Ted I.","contributorId":15301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noyes","given":"Ted","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Woodside, Greg","contributorId":14070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodside","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":80794,"text":"sir20075225 - 2007 - Urban-Related Environmental Variables and Their Relation with Patterns in Biological Community Structure in the Fountain Creek Basin, Colorado, 2003-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:39","indexId":"sir20075225","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5225","title":"Urban-Related Environmental Variables and Their Relation with Patterns in Biological Community Structure in the Fountain Creek Basin, Colorado, 2003-2005","docAbstract":"In 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Colorado Springs City Engineering, began a study to evaluate the influence of urbanization on stream ecosystems. To accomplish this task, invertebrate, fish, stream discharge, habitat, water-chemistry, and land-use data were collected from 13 sites in the Fountain Creek basin from 2003 to 2005. The Hydrologic Index Tool was used to calculate hydrologic indices known to be related to urbanization. Response of stream hydrology to urbanization was evident among hydrologic variables that described stormflow. These indices included one measurement of high-flow magnitude, two measurements of high-flow frequency, and one measurement of stream flashiness. Habitat and selected nonstormflow water chemistry were characterized at each site. Land-use data were converted to estimates of impervious surface cover and used as the measure of urbanization annually. Correlation analysis (Spearman?s rho) was used to identify a suite of nonredundant streamflow, habitat, and water-chemistry variables that were strongly associated (rho > 0.6) with impervious surface cover but not strongly related to elevation (rho < 0.60).\r\n\r\nAn exploratory multivariate analysis (BIO-ENV, PRIMER ver 6.1, Plymouth, UK) was used to create subsets of eight urban-related environmental variables that described patterns in biological community structure. The strongest and most parsimonious subset of variables describing patterns in invertebrate community structure included high flood pulse count, lower bank capacity, and nutrients. Several other combinations of environmental variables resulted in competing subsets, but these subsets always included the three variables found in the most parsimonious list.\r\n\r\nThis study found that patterns in invertebrate community structure from 2003 to 2005 in the Fountain Creek basin were associated with a variety of environmental characteristics influenced by urbanization. These patterns were explained by a combination of hydrologic, habitat, and water-chemistry variables. Fish community structure showed weaker links between urban-related environmental variables and biological patterns. A conceptual model was developed that showed the influence of urban-related environmental variables and their relation to fish and invertebrate assemblages. This model should prove helpful in guiding future studies on the impacts of urbanization on aquatic systems. Long-term monitoring efforts may be needed in other drainages along the Front Range of Colorado to link urban-related variables to aquatic communities in transition zone streams.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075225","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Colorado Springs City Engineering","usgsCitation":"Zuellig, R.E., Bruce, J.F., Evans, E.E., and Stogner, 2007, Urban-Related Environmental Variables and Their Relation with Patterns in Biological Community Structure in the Fountain Creek Basin, Colorado, 2003-2005 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5225, vi, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075225.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5225.jpg"},{"id":10634,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5225/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.25,38.166666666666664 ], [ -105.25,39.166666666666664 ], [ -104.25,39.166666666666664 ], [ -104.25,38.166666666666664 ], [ -105.25,38.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605284","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zuellig, Robert E. 0000-0002-4784-2905 rzuellig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4784-2905","contributorId":1620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuellig","given":"Robert","email":"rzuellig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bruce, James F. 0000-0003-3125-2932 jbruce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3125-2932","contributorId":916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruce","given":"James","email":"jbruce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, Erin E. eeevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":1618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Erin","email":"eeevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stogner 0000-0002-3185-1452 rstogner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3185-1452","contributorId":938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stogner","email":"rstogner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80787,"text":"sir20075177 - 2007 - An Assessment of Hydrology, Fluvial Geomorphology, and Stream Ecology in the Cardwell Branch Watershed, Nebraska, 2003-04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:43","indexId":"sir20075177","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5177","title":"An Assessment of Hydrology, Fluvial Geomorphology, and Stream Ecology in the Cardwell Branch Watershed, Nebraska, 2003-04","docAbstract":"An assessment of the 16.3-square-mile Cardwell Branch watershed characterized the hydrology, fluvial geomorphology, and stream ecology in 2003-04. The study - performed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the City of Lincoln, Nebraska, and the Lower Platte South Natural Resources District - focused on the 7.7-square-mile drainage downstream from Yankee Hill Reservoir.\r\n\r\nHydrologic and hydraulic models were developed using the Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) and River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydraulic Engineering Center. Estimates of streamflow and water-surface elevation were simulated for 24-hour-duration design rainstorms ranging from a 50-percent frequency to a 0.2-percent frequency. An initial HEC-HMS model was developed using the standardized parameter estimation techniques associated with the Soil Conservation Service curve number technique. An adjusted HEC-HMS model also was developed in which parameters were adjusted in order for the model output to better correspond to peak streamflows estimated from regional regression equations. Comparisons of peak streamflow from the two HEC-HMS models indicate that the initial HEC-HMS model may better agree with the regional regression equations for higher frequency storms, and the adjusted HEC-HMS model may perform more closely to regional regression equations for larger, rarer events. However, a lack of observed streamflow data, coupled with conflicting results from regional regression equations and local high-water marks, introduced considerable uncertainty into the model simulations. Using the HEC-RAS model to estimate water-surface elevations associated with the peak streamflow, the adjusted HEC-HMS model produced average increases in water-surface elevation of 0.2, 1.1, and 1.4 feet for the 50-, 1-, and 0.2-percent-frequency rainstorms, respectively, when compared to the initial HEC-HMS model.\r\n\r\nCross-sectional surveys and field assessments conducted between November 2003 and March 2004 indicated that Cardwell Branch and its unnamed tributary appear to be undergoing incision (the process of downcutting) (with three locations showing 2 or more feet of streambed incision since 1978) that is somewhat moderated by the presence of grade controls and vegetation along the channel profile. Although streambank failures were commonly observed, 96 percent of the surveyed cross sections were classified as stable by planar and rotational failure analysis-a disconnect that may have been the result of assumed soil properties. Two process-based classification systems each indicated that the reaches within the study area were incising and widening, and the Rosgen classification system characterized the streams as either type E6 or B6c. E6 channels are hydraulically efficient with low width-depth ratios, low to moderate sinuosity, and gentle to moderately steep slopes. B6c channels typically are incised with low width-depth ratios maintained by riparian vegetation, low bedload transport, and high washload transport. No obvious nickpoints (interruption or break in slope) were observed in the thalweg profile (line of maximum streambed descent), and the most acute incision occurred immediately downstream from bridges and culverts.\r\n\r\nNine water-quality samples were collected between August 2003 and November 2004 near the mouth of the watershed. Sediment-laden rainfall-runoff substantially affected the water quality in Cardwell Branch, leading to greater biochemical and chemical oxygen demands as well as increased concentrations of several nutrient, bacteriological, sediment, and pesticide constituents. The storage of rainfall runoff in Yankee Hill Reservoir may prolong the presence of runoff-related constituents downstream.\r\n\r\nAcross the study area, there was a lack of habitat availability for aquatic biota because of low dissolved oxygen levels and low streamflows or dry channels. In August 2003, the aquatic community near the mouth of ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075177","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Lincoln, Nebraska, and the Lower Platte South Natural Resources District","usgsCitation":"Rus, D.L., Dietsch, B.J., Woodward, B.K., Fry, B.E., and Wilson, R.C., 2007, An Assessment of Hydrology, Fluvial Geomorphology, and Stream Ecology in the Cardwell Branch Watershed, Nebraska, 2003-04: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5177, viii, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075177.","productDescription":"viii, 70 p.","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5177.jpg"},{"id":10625,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5177/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.83333333333333,40.666666666666664 ], [ -96.83333333333333,40.75083333333333 ], [ -96.68416666666667,40.75083333333333 ], [ -96.68416666666667,40.666666666666664 ], [ -96.83333333333333,40.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686769","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rus, David L. 0000-0003-3538-7826 dlrus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3538-7826","contributorId":881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rus","given":"David","email":"dlrus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dietsch, Benjamin J. 0000-0003-1090-409X bdietsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-409X","contributorId":1346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietsch","given":"Benjamin","email":"bdietsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodward, Brenda K.","contributorId":106985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Brenda","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fry, Beth E.","contributorId":24870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fry","given":"Beth","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, Richard C. wilson@usgs.gov","contributorId":846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Richard","email":"wilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":80771,"text":"sir20075203 - 2007 - Application of surface geophysical methods, with emphasis on magnetic resonance soundings, to characterize the hydrostratigraphy of the Brazos River alluvium aquifer, College Station, Texas, July 2006: A pilot study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T22:58:55.887582","indexId":"sir20075203","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5203","title":"Application of surface geophysical methods, with emphasis on magnetic resonance soundings, to characterize the hydrostratigraphy of the Brazos River alluvium aquifer, College Station, Texas, July 2006: A pilot study","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board, used surface geophysical methods at the Texas A&M University Brazos River Hydrologic Field Research Site near College Station, Texas, in a pilot study, to characterize the hydrostratigraphic properties of the Brazos River alluvium aquifer and determine the effectiveness of the methods to aid in generating an improved ground-water availability model. Three non-invasive surface geophysical methods were used to characterize the electrical stratigraphy and hydraulic properties and to interpret the hydrostratigraphy of the Brazos River alluvium aquifer. Two methods, time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) soundings and two-dimensional direct-current (2D–DC) resistivity imaging, were used to define the lateral and vertical extent of the Ships clay, the alluvium of the Brazos River alluvium aquifer, and the underlying Yegua Formation. Magnetic resonance sounding (MRS), a recently developed geophysical method, was used to derive estimates of the hydrologic properties including percentage water content and hydraulic conductivity. Results from the geophysics study demonstrated the usefulness of combined TDEM, 2D–DC resistivity, and MRS methods to reduce the need for additional boreholes in areas with data gaps and to provide more accurate information for ground-water availability models. Stratigraphically, the principal finding of this study is the relation between electrical resistivity and the depth and thickness of the subsurface hydrostratigraphic units at the site. TDEM data defined a three-layer electrical stratigraphy corresponding to a conductor-resistor-conductor that represents the hydrostratigraphic units—the Ships clay, the alluvium of the Brazos River alluvium aquifer, and the Yegua Formation. Sharp electrical boundaries occur at about 4 to 6 and 20 to 22 meters below land surface based on the TDEM data and define the geometry of the more resistive Brazos River alluvium aquifer. Variations in resistivity in the alluvium aquifer range from 10 to more than 175 ohm-meters possibly are caused by lateral changes in grain size. Resistivity increases from east to west along a profile away from the Brazos River, which signifies an increase in grain size within the alluvium aquifer and therefore a more productive zone with more abundant water in the aquifer. MRS data can help delineate the subsurface hydrostratigraphy and identify the geometric boundaries of the hydrostratigraphic units by identifying changes in the free water content, transmissivity, and hydraulic conductivity. MRS data indicate that most productive zones of the alluvium aquifer occur between 12 and 25 meters below land surface in the western part of the study area where the hydraulic conductivity can be as high as 250 meters per day. Hydrostratigraphically, individual hydraulic conductivity values derived from MRS were consistent with those from aquifer tests conducted in 1996 in the study area. Average hydraulic conductivity values from the aquifer tests range from about 61 to 80 meters per day, whereas the MRS-derived hydraulic conductivity values range from about 27 to 97 meters per day. Interpreting an interpolated profile of the hydraulic conductivity values and individual values derived from MRS can help describe the hydrostratigraphic framework of an area and constrain ground-water models for better accuracy.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075203","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board","usgsCitation":"Shah, S., Kress, W.H., and Legchenko, A., 2007, Application of surface geophysical methods, with emphasis on magnetic resonance soundings, to characterize the hydrostratigraphy of the Brazos River alluvium aquifer, College Station, Texas, July 2006: A pilot study (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5203, vi, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075203.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2006-07-01","temporalEnd":"2006-07-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423597,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_82988.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":327702,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5203/pdf/sir2007-5203.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":10615,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5203/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126878,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5203.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"College Station","otherGeospatial":"Brazos River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.4185464708318,\n 30.561690564479733\n ],\n [\n -96.43085127706146,\n 30.561690564479733\n ],\n [\n -96.43085127706146,\n 30.54291200190505\n ],\n [\n -96.4185464708318,\n 30.54291200190505\n ],\n [\n -96.4185464708318,\n 30.561690564479733\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67ab8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shah, Sachin D.","contributorId":60174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shah","given":"Sachin D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kress, Wade H.","contributorId":100475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kress","given":"Wade","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Legchenko, Anatoly","contributorId":61107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legchenko","given":"Anatoly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70204340,"text":"70204340 - 2007 - Coastal systems and low-lying areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T17:46:21","indexId":"70204340","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-31T17:24:38","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"chapter":"6","title":"Coastal systems and low-lying areas","docAbstract":"Since the IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR), our understanding of the implications of climate change for coastal systems and low-lying areas (henceforth referred to as ‘coasts’) has increased substantially and six important policy-relevant messages have emerged.
Coasts are experiencing the adverse consequences of hazards related to climate and sea level (very high confidence). Coasts are highly vulnerable to extreme events, such as storms, which impose substantial costs on coastal societies [6.2.1, 6.2.2, 6.5.2]. Annually, about 120 million people are exposed to tropical cyclone hazards, which killed 250,000 people from 1980 to 2000 [6.5.2]. Through the 20th century, global rise of sea level contributed to increased coastal inundation, erosion and ecosystem losses, but with considerable local and regional variation due to other factors [6.2.5, 6.4.1]. Late 20th century effects of rising temperature include loss of sea ice, thawing of permafrost and associated coastal retreat, and more frequent coral bleaching and mortality [6.2.5].
Coasts will be exposed to increasing risks, including coastal erosion, over coming decades due to climate change and sea-level rise (very high confidence). Anticipated climate-related changes include: an accelerated rise in sea level of up to 0.6 m or more by 2100; a further rise in sea surface temperatures by up to 3°C; an intensification of tropical and extra-tropical cyclones; larger extreme waves and storm surges; altered precipitation/run-off; and ocean acidification [6.3.2]. These phenomena will vary considerably at regional and local scales, but the impacts are virtually certain to be overwhelmingly negative [6.4, 6.5.3].
Corals are vulnerable to thermal stress and have low adaptive capacity. Increases in sea surface temperature of about 1 to 3°C are projected to result in more frequent coral bleaching events and widespread mortality, unless there is thermal adaptation or acclimatisation by corals [Box 6.1, 6.4].
Coastal wetland ecosystems, such as saltmarshes and mangroves, are especially threatened where they are sediment starved or constrained on their landward margin [6.4.1]. Degradation of coastal ecosystems, especially wetlands and coral reefs, has serious implications for the well-being of societies dependent on the coastal ecosystems for goods and services [6.4.2, 6.5.3]. ncreased flooding and the degradation of freshwater, fisheries and other resources could impact hundreds of millions of people, and socio-economic costs on coasts will escalate as a result of climate change [6.4.2, 6.5.3].
The impact of climate change on coasts is exacerbated by increasing human-induced pressures (very high confidence). Utilisation of the coast increased dramatically during the 20th century and this trend is virtually certain to continue through the 21st century. Under the SRES scenarios, the coastal population could grow from 1.2 billion people (in 1990) to 1.8 to 5.2 billion people by the 2080s, depending on assumptions about migration [6.3.1]. Increasing numbers of people and assets at risk at the coast are subject to additional stresses due to land-use and hydrological changes in catchments, including dams that reduce sediment supply to the coast [6.3.2]. Populated deltas (especially Asian megadeltas), low-lying coastal urban areas and atolls are key societal hotspots of coastal vulnerability, occurring where the stresses on natural systems coincide with low human adaptive capacity and high exposure [6.4.3]. Regionally, South, South- East and East Asia, Africa and small islands are most vulnerable [6.4.2]. Climate change therefore reinforces the desirability of managing coasts in an integrated manner [6.6.1.3].
Adaptation for the coasts of developing countries will be more challenging than for coasts of developed countries, due to constraints on adaptive capacity (high confidence). While physical exposure can significantly influence vulnerability for both human populations and natural systems, a lack of adaptive capacity is often the most important factor that creates a hotspot of human vulnerability. Adaptive capacity is largely dependent upon development status. Developing nations may have the political or societal will to protect or relocate people who live in low-lying coastal zones, but without the necessary financial and other resources/capacities, their vulnerability is much greater than that of a developed nation in an identical coastal setting. Vulnerability will also vary between developing countries, while developed countries are not insulated from the adverse consequences of extreme events [6.4.3, 6.5.2].
Adaptation costs for vulnerable coasts are much less than the costs of inaction (high confidence). Adaptation costs for climate change are much lower than damage costs without adaptation for most developed coasts, even considering only property losses and human deaths [6.6.2, 6.6.3]. As post-event impacts on coastal businesses, people, housing, public and private social institutions, natural resources, and the environment generally go unrecognised in disaster cost accounting, the full benefits of adaptation are even larger [6.5.2, 6.6.2]. Without adaptation, the high-end sea-level rise scenarios, combined with other climate changes (e.g., increased storm intensity), are as likely as not to render some islands and lowlying areas unviable by 2100, so effective adaptation is urgently required [6.6.3].
The unavoidability of sea-level rise, even in the longer-term, frequently conflicts with present-day human development patterns and trends (high confidence). Sea-level rise has substantial inertia and will continue beyond 2100 for many centuries. Irreversible breakdown of the West Antarctica and/or Greenland ice sheets, if triggered by rising temperatures, would make this long-term rise significantly larger, ultimately questioning the viability of many coastal settlements across the globe. The issue is reinforced by the increasing human use of the coastal zone. Settlement patterns also have substantial inertia, and this issue presents a challenge for long-term coastal spatial planning. Stabilisation of climate could reduce the risks of ice sheet breakdown, and reduce but Chapter 6 Coastal systems and low-lying areas 317 not stop sea-level rise due to thermal expansion [Box 6.6]. Hence, it is now more apparent than it was in the TAR that the most appropriate response to sea-level rise for coastal areas is a combination of adaptation to deal with the inevitable rise, and mitigation to limit the long-term rise to a manageable level [6.6.5, 6.7].
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","usgsCitation":"Nicholls, R., Wong, P., Burkett, V., Codignotto, J.O., Hay, J., McLean, R.F., Ragoonaden, S., and Woodroffe, C.D., 2007, Coastal systems and low-lying areas, p. 315-356.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"356","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365689,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":365688,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/wg1/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicholls, R.J.","contributorId":27676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholls","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wong, P.P.","contributorId":18978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"P.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burkett, Virginia 0000-0003-4746-2862 virginia_burkett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4746-2862","contributorId":2867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkett","given":"Virginia","email":"virginia_burkett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Codignotto, Jorge O.","contributorId":217235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Codignotto","given":"Jorge","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hay, John","contributorId":98167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McLean, Roger F","contributorId":217236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLean","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"F","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ragoonaden, Sachooda","contributorId":217237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ragoonaden","given":"Sachooda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Woodroffe, Colin D.","contributorId":38832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodroffe","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70205490,"text":"70205490 - 2007 - Bibliography of research papers that are consistent with hydrologic responses to ongoing systematic changes in climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-19T11:50:13","indexId":"70205490","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-31T11:49:07","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Bibliography of research papers that are consistent with hydrologic responses to ongoing systematic changes in climate","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global perspectives on large dams: Evaluating the state of large dam construction and decommissioning across the world","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Yale University, School of Forestry & Environmental Studies","usgsCitation":"Huntington, T.G., 2007, Bibliography of research papers that are consistent with hydrologic responses to ongoing systematic changes in climate, in Global perspectives on large dams: Evaluating the state of large dam construction and decommissioning across the world, p. 163-178.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"178","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367549,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":367548,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://environment.yale.edu/publication-series/5522.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":117440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70191433,"text":"70191433 - 2007 - A review of land–sea coupling by groundwater discharge of nitrogen to New England estuaries: Mechanisms and effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-11T14:50:34","indexId":"70191433","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of land–sea coupling by groundwater discharge of nitrogen to New England estuaries: Mechanisms and effects","docAbstract":"Hydrologists have long been concerned with the interface of groundwater flow into estuaries, but not until the end of the last century did other disciplines realize the major role played by groundwater transport of nutrients to estuaries. Mass balance and stable isotopic data suggest that land-derived NO3, NH4, and dissolved organic N do enter estuaries in amounts likely to affect the function of the receiving ecosystem. Because of increasing human occupancy of the coastal zone, the nutrient loads borne by groundwater have increased in recent decades, in spite of substantial interception of nutrients within the land and aquifer components of watersheds. Groundwater-borne nutrient loads have increased the N content of receiving estuaries, increased phytoplankton and macroalgal production and biomass, decreased the area of seagrasses, and created a cascade of associated ecological changes. This linkage between land use and eutrophication of estuaries occurs in spite of mechanisms, including uptake of land-derived N by riparian vegetation and fringing wetlands, “unloading” by rapid water removal, and direct N inputs to estuaries, that tend to uncouple the effects of land use on receiving estuaries. It can be expected that as human activity on coastal watersheds continues to increase, the role of groundwater-borne nutrients to the receiving estuary will also increase.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.09.002","usgsCitation":"Elsevier, 2007, A review of land–sea coupling by groundwater discharge of nitrogen to New England estuaries: Mechanisms and effects: Applied Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 1, p. 175-191, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.09.002.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"191","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346517,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"New England","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59df0f2ee4b05fe04ccd3ded"} ,{"id":80743,"text":"pp1749 - 2007 - Water-Quality Assessment of the High Plains Aquifer, 1999-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:43","indexId":"pp1749","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1749","title":"Water-Quality Assessment of the High Plains Aquifer, 1999-2004","docAbstract":"Water quality of the High Plains aquifer was assessed for the period 1999-2004 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. This effort represents the first systematic regional assessment of water quality in this nationally important aquifer. A stratified, nested group of studies was designed to assess linkages between the quality of water recharging the aquifer, the effect of transport through the hydrologic system on water quality, and the quality of the resource used for human consumption and agricultural applications. The stratified, nested design facilitated upscaling of monitoring results to unmonitored areas of the aquifer as well as upscaling of process understanding from local to regional scales.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/pp1749","isbn":"9781411320284","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P.B., Dennehy, K.F., Bruce, B.W., Gurdak, J., and Qi, S.L., 2007, Water-Quality Assessment of the High Plains Aquifer, 1999-2004 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1749, vii, 136 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1749.","productDescription":"vii, 136 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1994-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10605,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1749/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109,31 ], [ -109,43 ], [ -96,43 ], [ -96,31 ], [ -109,31 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eedf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dennehy, Kevin F. kdennehy@usgs.gov","contributorId":1128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennehy","given":"Kevin","email":"kdennehy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bruce, Breton W. bbruce@usgs.gov","contributorId":1127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruce","given":"Breton","email":"bbruce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gurdak, Jason J.","contributorId":65125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurdak","given":"Jason J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Qi, Sharon L. 0000-0001-7278-4498 slqi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7278-4498","contributorId":1130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Sharon","email":"slqi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":80738,"text":"cir1321 - 2007 - Western Juniper Field Guide: Asking the Right Questions to Select Appropriate Management Actions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:20","indexId":"cir1321","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1321","title":"Western Juniper Field Guide: Asking the Right Questions to Select Appropriate Management Actions","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nStrong evidence indicates that western juniper has significantly expanded its range since the late 1800s by encroaching into landscapes once dominated by shrubs and herbaceous vegetation (fig. 1). Woodland expansion affects soil resources, plant community structure and composition, water, nutrient and fire cycles, forage production, wildlife habitat, and biodiversity. Goals of juniper management include an attempt to restore ecosystem function and a more balanced plant community that includes shrubs, grasses, and forbs, and to increase ecosystem resilience to disturbances. Developing a management strategy can be a difficult task due to uncertainty about how vegetation, soils, hydrologic function, and wildlife will respond to treatments.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/cir1321","collaboration":"This is contribution number 01 of the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP), supported by funds from the U.S. Joint Fire Science Program. Partial support for this guide was provided by U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center.","usgsCitation":"Miller, R., Bates, J., Svejcar, T., Pierson, F., and Eddleman, L., 2007, Western Juniper Field Guide: Asking the Right Questions to Select Appropriate Management Actions: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1321, viii, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1321.","productDescription":"viii, 63 p.","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10599,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1321/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4a6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, R.F.","contributorId":83882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bates, J.D.","contributorId":26774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bates","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Svejcar, T.J.","contributorId":29087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svejcar","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pierson, F.B.","contributorId":8056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"F.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eddleman, L.E.","contributorId":28687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddleman","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":80718,"text":"sir20075206 - 2007 - Development of the Hydroecological Integrity Assessment Process for Determining Environmental Flows for New Jersey Streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:24","indexId":"sir20075206","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5206","title":"Development of the Hydroecological Integrity Assessment Process for Determining Environmental Flows for New Jersey Streams","docAbstract":"The natural flow regime paradigm and parallel stream ecological concepts and theories have established the benefits of maintaining or restoring the full range of natural hydrologic variation for physiochemical processes, biodiversity, and the evolutionary potential of aquatic and riparian communities. A synthesis of recent advances in hydroecological research coupled with stream classification has resulted in a new process to determine environmental flows and assess hydrologic alteration. This process has national and international applicability. It allows classification of streams into hydrologic stream classes and identification of a set of non-redundant and ecologically relevant hydrologic indices for 10 critical sub-components of flow. Three computer programs have been developed for implementing the Hydroecological Integrity Assessment Process (HIP): (1) the Hydrologic Indices Tool (HIT), which calculates 171 ecologically relevant hydrologic indices on the basis of daily-flow and peak-flow stream-gage data; (2) the New Jersey Hydrologic Assessment Tool (NJHAT), which can be used to establish a hydrologic baseline period, provide options for setting baseline environmental-flow standards, and compare past and proposed streamflow alterations; and (3) the New Jersey Stream Classification Tool (NJSCT), designed for placing unclassified streams into pre-defined stream classes. Biological and multivariate response models including principal-component, cluster, and discriminant-function analyses aided in the development of software and implementation of the HIP for New Jersey. A pilot effort is currently underway by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection in which the HIP is being used to evaluate the effects of past and proposed surface-water use, ground-water extraction, and land-use changes on stream ecosystems while determining the most effective way to integrate the process into ongoing regulatory programs. Ultimately, this scientifically defensible process will help to quantify the effects of anthropogenic changes and development on hydrologic variability and help planners and resource managers balance current and future water requirements with ecological needs.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075206","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Kennen, J., Henriksen, J.A., and Nieswand, S.P., 2007, Development of the Hydroecological Integrity Assessment Process for Determining Environmental Flows for New Jersey Streams: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5206, vi, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075206.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10579,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5206/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76,38.75 ], [ -76,41.5 ], [ -73,41.5 ], [ -73,38.75 ], [ -76,38.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65de2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennen, Jonathan G. 0000-0002-5426-4445 jgkennen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5426-4445","contributorId":574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennen","given":"Jonathan G.","email":"jgkennen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henriksen, James A.","contributorId":89985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henriksen","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nieswand, Steven P.","contributorId":98793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nieswand","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70182803,"text":"70182803 - 2007 - Chloroethene dechlorination in acidic groundwater: Implications for combining fenton's treatment with natural attenuation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-20T12:39:13","indexId":"70182803","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3249,"text":"Remediation Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chloroethene dechlorination in acidic groundwater: Implications for combining fenton's treatment with natural attenuation","docAbstract":"A sulfuric acid leak in 1988 at a chloroethene-contaminated groundwater site at the Naval Air Station Pensacola has resulted in a long-term record of the behavior of chloroethene contaminants at low pH and a unique opportunity to assess the potential impact of source area treatment technologies, which involve acidification of the groundwater environment (e.g., Fenton's-based in situ chemical oxidation), on downgradient natural attenuation processes. The greater than 75 percent decrease in trichloroethene (TCE) concentrations and the shift in contaminant composition toward predominantly reduced daughter products (dichloroethene [DCE] and vinyl chloride [VC]) that were observed along a 30-m groundwater flow path characterized by highly acidic conditions (pH = 3.5 ± 0.4) demonstrated that chloroethene reductive dechlorination can continue to be efficient under persistent acidic conditions. The detection of Dehalococcoides-type bacteria within the sulfuric acid/chloroethene co-contaminant plume was consistent with biotic chloroethene reductive dechlorination. Microcosm studies conducted with 14C-TCE and 14C-VC confirmed biotic reductive dechlorination in sediment collected from within the sulfuric acid/chloroethene co-contaminant plume. Microcosms prepared with sediment from two other locations within the acid plume, however, demonstrated only a limited mineralization to 14CO2 and 14CO, which was attributed to abiotic degradation because no significant differences were observed between experimental and autoclaved control treatments. These results indicated that biotic and abiotic mechanisms contributed to chloroethene attenuation in the acid plume at NAS Pensacola and that remediation techniques involving acidification of the groundwater environment (e.g., Fenton's-based source area treatment) do not necessarily preclude efficient chloroethene degradation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rem.20149","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., Singletary , M., and Chapelle, F.H., 2007, Chloroethene dechlorination in acidic groundwater: Implications for combining fenton's treatment with natural attenuation: Remediation Journal, v. 18, no. 1, p. 7-19, https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.20149.","productDescription":"13 p. ","startPage":"7","endPage":"19","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Escambia County","city":"Pensacola","otherGeospatial":"Naval Air Station Pensacola","volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a42e4b01ccd54ff3fae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singletary , Michael A. ","contributorId":184217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singletary ","given":"Michael A. ","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80732,"text":"sir20075258 - 2007 - Water-resource trends and comparisons between partial-development and October 2006 hydrologic conditions, Wood River Valley, south-central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-28T21:45:07.384381","indexId":"sir20075258","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5258","title":"Water-resource trends and comparisons between partial-development and October 2006 hydrologic conditions, Wood River Valley, south-central Idaho","docAbstract":"This report analyzes trends in ground-water and surface-water data, documents 2006 hydrologic conditions, and compares 2006 and historic ground-water data of the Wood River Valley of south-central Idaho. The Wood River Valley extends from Galena Summit southward to the Timmerman Hills. It is comprised of a single unconfined aquifer and an underlying confined aquifer present south of Baseline Road in the southern part of the study area. Streams are well-connected to the shallow unconfined aquifer. Because the entire population of the area depends on ground water for domestic supply, either from domestic or municipal-supply wells, rapid population growth since the 1970s has raised concerns about the continued availability of ground and surface water to support existing uses and streamflow. To help address these concerns, this report evaluates ground- and surface-water conditions in the area before and during the population growth that started in the 1970s.\r\n\r\nMean annual water levels in three wells (two completed in the unconfined aquifer and one in the confined aquifer) with more than 50 years of semi-annual measurements showed statistically significant declining trends.\r\n\r\nMean annual and monthly streamflow trends were analyzed for three gaging stations in the Wood River Valley. The Big Wood River at Hailey gaging station (13139500) showed a statistically significant trend of a 25-percent increase in mean monthly base flow for March over the 90-year period of record, possibly because of earlier snowpack runoff. Both the 7-day and 30-day low-flow analyses for the Big Wood River near Bellevue gaging station (13141000) show a mean decrease of approximately 15 cubic feet per second since the 1940s, and mean monthly discharge showed statistically significant decreasing trends for December, January, and February. The Silver Creek at Sportsman Access near Picabo gaging station (13150430) also showed statistically significant decreasing trends in annual and mean monthly discharge for July through February and April from 1975 to 2005.\r\n\r\nComparisons of partial-development (ground-water conditions from 1952 to 1986) and 2006 ground-water resources in the Wood River Valley using a geographic information system indicate that most ground-water levels for the unconfined aquifer in the study area are either stable or declining. Declines are predominant in the southern part of the study area south of Hailey, and some areas exceed what is expected of natural fluctuations in ground-water levels. Some ground-water levels rose in the northern part of the study area; however, these increases are approximated due to a lack of water-level data in the area.\r\n\r\nGround-water level declines in the confined aquifer exceed the range of expected natural fluctuations in large areas of the confined aquifer in the southern part of the study area in the Bellevue fan. However, the results in this area are approximated due to limited available water-level data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Blaine County, City of Hailey, City of Ketchum, The Nature Conservancy, City of Sun Valley, Sun Valley Water and Sewer District, Blaine Soil Conservation District, City of Bellevue, and Citizens for Smart Growth","usgsCitation":"Skinner, K.D., Bartolino, J.R., and Tranmer, A.W., 2007, Water-resource trends and comparisons between partial-development and October 2006 hydrologic conditions, Wood River Valley, south-central Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5258, Report: vi, 30 p.; Appendix; 4 Plates: 14.00 × 24.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075258.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 30 p.; Appendix; 4 Plates: 14.00 × 24.00 inches or smaller","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5258.jpg"},{"id":10593,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5258/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":407562,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_82944.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Wood River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.4333,\n 43.2833\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 43.2833\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 43.8\n ],\n [\n -114.4333,\n 43.8\n ],\n [\n -114.4333,\n 43.2833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0942","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skinner, Kenneth D. 0000-0003-1774-6565 kskinner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1774-6565","contributorId":1836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"Kenneth","email":"kskinner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartolino, James R. 0000-0002-2166-7803 jrbartol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2166-7803","contributorId":2548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartolino","given":"James","email":"jrbartol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tranmer, Andrew W.","contributorId":44243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tranmer","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80716,"text":"ofr20071301 - 2007 - Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2005 through September 2006) and statistical summaries of long-term data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T10:30:46","indexId":"ofr20071301","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1301","title":"Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2005 through September 2006) and statistical summaries of long-term data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana","docAbstract":"Water, bed sediment, and biota were sampled in streams from Butte to below Milltown Reservoir as part of a long-term monitoring program in the upper Clark Fork basin; additional water-quality samples were collected in the Clark Fork basin from sites near Milltown Reservoir downstream to near the confluence of the Clark Fork and Flathead River as part of a supplemental sampling program. The sampling programs were conducted in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to characterize aquatic resources in the Clark Fork basin of western Montana, with emphasis on trace elements associated with historic mining and smelting activities. Sampling sites were located on the Clark Fork and selected tributaries. Water-quality samples were collected periodically at 22 sites from October 2005 through September 2006. Bed-sediment and biological samples were collected once at 12 sites during August 2006.\r\n\r\nThis report presents the analytical results and quality-assurance data for water-quality, bed-sediment, and biota samples collected at all long-term and supplemental monitoring sites from October 2005 through September 2006. Water-quality data include concentrations of selected major ions, trace ele-ments, and suspended sediment. Nutrients also were analyzed in the supplemental water-quality samples. Daily values of suspended-sed-iment concentration and suspended-sediment discharge were determined for four sites, and seasonal daily values of turbidity were determined for four sites. Bed-sediment data include trace-ele-ment concentrations in the fine-grained fraction. Bio-logical data include trace-element concentrations in whole-body tissue of aquatic benthic insects. Statistical summaries of long-term water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data for sites in the upper Clark Fork basin are provided for the period of record since 1985.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071301","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Dodge, K.A., Hornberger, M.I., and Dyke, J., 2007, Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2005 through September 2006) and statistical summaries of long-term data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1301, vi, 125 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071301.","productDescription":"vi, 125 p.","temporalStart":"2005-10-01","temporalEnd":"2006-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10577,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1301/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.5,45.75 ], [ -115.5,48 ], [ -112,48 ], [ -112,45.75 ], [ -115.5,45.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db545b4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodge, Kent A. kdodge@usgs.gov","contributorId":1036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"Kent","email":"kdodge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446 mhornber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":1037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"mhornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dyke, Jessica jldyke@usgs.gov","contributorId":1035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyke","given":"Jessica","email":"jldyke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80711,"text":"sir20075227 - 2007 - Regionalized equations for bankfull-discharge and channel characteristics of streams in New York State — Hydrologic Region 3 east of the Hudson River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-14T21:47:58.703633","indexId":"sir20075227","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5227","title":"Regionalized equations for bankfull-discharge and channel characteristics of streams in New York State — Hydrologic Region 3 east of the Hudson River","docAbstract":"Equations that relate drainage area to bankfull discharge and channel characteristics (such as width, depth, and cross-sectional area) at gaged sites are needed to define bankfull discharge and channel characteristics at ungaged sites and can be used for stream-restoration and protection projects, stream-channel classification, and channel assessments. These equations are intended to serve as a guide for streams in areas of similar hydrologic, climatic, and physiographic conditions. New York State contains eight hydrologic regions that were previously delineated on the basis of high-flow (flood) characteristics. This report presents predictive equations for bankfull characteristics (discharge and channel characteristics) for streams east of the Hudson River, referred to as Hydrologic Region 3.
Stream-survey data and discharge records from 12 streamflow-gaging stations were used in regression analyses to relate drainage area to bankfull discharge and bankfull channel width, depth, and cross-sectional area. The four predictive equations are:
(1) bankfull discharge, in cubic feet per second = 83.8*(drainage area, in square miles)0.679;
(2) bankfull channel width, in feet = 24.0*(drainage area, in square miles)0.292;
(3) bankfull channel depth, in feet = 1.66*(drainage area, in square miles)0.210; and
(4) bankfull channel cross-sectional area, in square feet = 39.8*(drainage area, in square miles)0.503.
The coefficients of determination (R2) for these four equations are 0.93, 0.85, 0.77, and 0.92, respectively. The high coefficients of determination for bankfull discharge and cross-sectional area indicate that much of the range in the variables is explained by the size of the drainage area; the smaller correlation coefficients for bankfull channel width and depth indicate that other factors also affect these relations. Recurrence intervals for the estimated bankfull discharge of each stream ranged from 1.16 to 3.35 years; the mean recurrence interval was 2.08 years. The 12 surveyed streams were classified by Rosgen stream type; most were B and C type, with occasional E- and F-type cross sections. The Region 3 equation (curve) for bankfull discharge was compared with those previously obtained for seven other hydrologic regions in New York State. The differences confirm that the hydraulic geometry of streams is affected by local climatic and physiographic conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075227","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York State Department of State, Division of Coastal Resources, New York State Department of Transportation, and New York City Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Mulvihill, C., and Baldigo, B.P., 2007, Regionalized equations for bankfull-discharge and channel characteristics of streams in New York State — Hydrologic Region 3 east of the Hudson River: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5227, vi, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075227.","productDescription":"vi, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410506,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_82933.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":339644,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20095144","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5144","linkHelpText":"- Bankfull Discharge and Channel Characteristics of Streams in New York State"},{"id":339642,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20045247","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5247","linkHelpText":"- Regionalized Equations for Bankfull-Discharge and Channel Characteristics of Streams in New York State—Hydrologic Region 5 in Central New York"},{"id":339655,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5227/pdf/SIR2007-5227.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":192435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5227/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":10571,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5227/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":339645,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20075189","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5189","linkHelpText":"- Regionalized Equations for Bankfull Discharge and Channel Characteristics of Streams in New York State—Hydrologic Regions 1 and 2 in the Adirondack Region of Northern New York"},{"id":339641,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20065075","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5075","linkHelpText":"- Regionalized Equations for Bankfull-Discharge and Channel Characteristics of Streams in New York State—Hydrologic Region 7 in Western New York"},{"id":339643,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20055100","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5100","linkHelpText":"- Regionalized Equations for Bankfull-Discharge and Channel Characteristics of Streams in New York State—Hydrologic Region 6 in the Southern Tier of New York"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.7,\n 40.7069\n ],\n [\n -73.3222,\n 40.7069\n ],\n [\n -73.3222,\n 42.8\n ],\n [\n -74.7,\n 42.8\n ],\n [\n -74.7,\n 40.7069\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
Many water supplies in the western US depend on water that is stored in snowpacks and reservoirs during the cool, wet seasons for release and use in the following warm seasons. Managers of these water supplies must decide each winter how much water will be available in subsequent seasons so that they can proactively capture and store water and can make reliable commitments for later deliveries. Long-lead water-supply forecasts are thus important components of water managers' decisionmaking. Present-day operational water-supply forecasts draw skill from observations of the amount of water in upland snowpacks, along with estimates of the amount of water otherwise available (often via surrogates for antecedent precipitation, soil moisture or baseflows). Occasionally, the historical hydroclimatic influences of various global climate conditions may be factored in to forecasts. The relative contributions of (potential) forecast skill for January-March and April-July seasonal water- supply availability from these sources are mapped across the western US as lag correlations among elements of the inputs and outputs from a physically based, regional land-surface hydrology model of the western US from 1950-1999. Information about snow-water contents is the most valuable predictor for forecasts made through much of the cool-season but, before the snows begin to fall, indices of El Nino-Southern Oscillation are the primary source of whatever meager skill is available. The contributions to forecast skill made available by knowledge of antecedent flows (a traditional predictor) and soil moisture at the time the long-lead forecast is issued are compared, to gain insights into the potential usefulness of new soil-moisture monitoring options in the region. When similar computations are applied to simulated flows under historical conditions, but with a uniform +2°C warming imposed, the widespread diminution of snowpacks reduces forecast skills, although skill contributed by measures of antecedent moisture conditions (soil moisture or baseflows) grow in stature, relative to snowpacks, in partial compensation. Forecast skills, e.g., of March forecasts for April-July water supplies from those parts of the region that yield the majority of the runoff, decline by an average of about 15% of captured variance in response to the imposed warming.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"AGU Fall Meeting: 10-14 December 2007, 40 years in San Francisco, Calif.","conferenceTitle":"American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007","conferenceDate":"December 10-14 2007","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, California","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","usgsCitation":"Dettinger, M., 2007, Sources of seasonal water-supply forecast skill in the western US, in AGU Fall Meeting: 10-14 December 2007, 40 years in San Francisco, Calif., San Francisco, California, December 10-14 2007.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308304,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fd35bbe4b05d6c4e502c75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dettinger, Michael 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":147804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80693,"text":"sir20075256 - 2007 - Land Capability Potential Index (LCPI) for the Lower Missouri River Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T12:53:32","indexId":"sir20075256","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5256","title":"Land Capability Potential Index (LCPI) for the Lower Missouri River Valley","docAbstract":"The Land Capability Potential Index (LCPI) was developed to serve as a relatively coarse-scale index to delineate broad land capability classes in the valley of the Lower Missouri River. The index integrates fundamental factors that determine suitability of land for various uses, and may provide a useful mechanism to guide land-management decisions. The LCPI was constructed from integration of hydrology, hydraulics, land-surface elevations, and soil permeability (or saturated hydraulic conductivity) datasets for an area of the Lower Missouri River, river miles 423–670. The LCPI estimates relative wetness based on intersecting water-surface elevations, interpolated from measurements or calculated from hydraulic models, with a high-resolution land-surface elevation dataset. The potential for wet areas to retain or drain water is assessed using soil-drainage classes that are estimated from saturated hydraulic conductivity of surface soils. Terrain mapping that delineates areas with convex, concave, and flat parts of the landscape provides another means to assess tendency of landscape patches to retain surface water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075256","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, and The Nature Conservancy","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., Chojnacki, K.A., and Reuter, J.M., 2007, Land Capability Potential Index (LCPI) for the Lower Missouri River Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5256, Report: vi, 20 p.; GIS Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075256.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 20 p.; GIS Data","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10551,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5256/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99,35 ], [ -99,45 ], [ -89,45 ], [ -89,35 ], [ -99,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4294","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chojnacki, Kimberly A. kchojnacki@usgs.gov","contributorId":1978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chojnacki","given":"Kimberly","email":"kchojnacki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reuter, Joanna M.","contributorId":50179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reuter","given":"Joanna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80685,"text":"ofr20071310 - 2007 - Submarine ground water discharge and fate along the coast of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Hawaii Part I: Time-series measurements of currents, waves, salinity and temperature: November 2005 – July 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-14T18:16:41.117134","indexId":"ofr20071310","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1310","title":"Submarine ground water discharge and fate along the coast of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Hawaii Part I: Time-series measurements of currents, waves, salinity and temperature: November 2005 – July 2006","docAbstract":"The impending development for the west Hawai‘i coastline adjacent to Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park (KAHO) may potentially alter coastal hydrology and water quality in the marine waters of the park. Water resources are perhaps the most significant natural and cultural resource component in the park, and are critical to the health and well being of six federally listed species. KAHO contains ecosystems of brackish anchialine pools, two 11-acre fishponds, and 596 acres of coral reef habitats, all fed by groundwater originating upslope. The steep gradients on high islands, combined with typically porous substrates and high rainfall levels at upper elevations, make these settings especially vulnerable to shifts in submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and its entrained nutrients and pollutants. Little is known about the magnitude, rate, frequency, and variability of SGD and its influence on contaminant loading to Hawaiian coastal environments.
\nRecent studies show that groundwater flux through the park is vital to many ecosystem components including anchialine ponds and wetland biota. The function of these ecosystems may be vulnerable to changes in groundwater flow stemming from natural changes (climate and sea level) and land use (groundwater pumping and contamination). Oki and others (1999) showed that increased groundwater withdrawals for urban development since 1978 likely decreased groundwater flux to the coast by 50%. During this same time, the quality of groundwater has been vulnerable to increases in contaminant and nutrient/fertilizer additions associated with industrial, commercial and residential use upslope from KAHO (Oki and others, 1999).
\nHigh-resolution measurements of waves, currents, water levels, temperature and salinity were collected in the marine portion of the park from November, 2005, through July, 2006, to establish baseline information on the magnitude, rate, frequency, and variability of SGD. These data are intended to help researchers and resource managers better understand the hydrodynamics of the oceanographic environment in the park’s coastal waters as it pertains to the pathway of SGD and associated nutrient and contaminant input to the park’s coral reef ecosystem.
\nMeasurements were made of the oceanographic environment (waves, tides, currents, salinity and temperature) using hydrodynamic techniques to characterize and quantify the distribution, input and throughput of freshwater and associated nutrient/contaminant within the near shore environment of KAHO through the emplacement of a series of bottom-mounted instruments deployed in water depths less than 15 m. This study was conducted in support of the National Park Service (NPS) by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program’s Coral Reef Project. These measurements support the ongoing studies of the Coral Reef Project to better understand the transport mechanisms of sediment, larvae, nutrients, pollutants and other particles on Pacific coral reefs. Subsequent reports will address the spatial and temporal variability in groundwater input and the associated nutrient flux in the park’s waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071310","usgsCitation":"Presto, M., Storlazzi, C., Logan, J., and Grossman, E., 2007, Submarine ground water discharge and fate along the coast of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Hawaii Part I: Time-series measurements of currents, waves, salinity and temperature: November 2005 – July 2006 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1310, iv, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071310.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p.","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-11-01","temporalEnd":"2006-07-31","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071310.PNG"},{"id":390524,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_82897.htm"},{"id":293661,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1310/of2007-1310.pdf"},{"id":10542,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1310/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.0383,\n 19.6642\n ],\n [\n -156.02,\n 19.6642\n ],\n [\n -156.02,\n 19.6917\n ],\n [\n -156.0383,\n 19.6917\n ],\n [\n -156.0383,\n 19.6642\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699bdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Presto, M. Katherine","contributorId":30192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presto","given":"M. Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Logan, Joshua B.","contributorId":34470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Joshua B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grossman, Eric E.","contributorId":40677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"Eric E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}