Understanding relative sea level (RSL) rise during periods of rapid climatic change is critical for evaluating modern sea level rise given the vulnerability of Antarctic ice shelves to collapse [Hodgson et al, 2006], the retreat of the world's glaciers [Oerlemans, 2005], and mass balance trends of the Greenland ice sheet [Rignot and Kanagaratnam, 2006]. The first-order pattern of global sea level rise following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼21,000 years ago) is well established from coral [Fairbanks, 1989], continental shelf [Hanebuth et al, 2000], and other records [Pirazzoli, 2000] and has been integrated into a global ICE-5G model of glacio-isostatic adjustment (GIA) [Peltier, 2004]. However, uncertainty introduced by paleo water depth of sea level indicators, radiocarbon chronology (i.e., reservoir corrections for marine shell dates), postglacial isostatic adjustment, and other processes affecting vertical position of former shorelines produces scatter in RSL curves, limiting our knowledge of sea level rise during periods of rapid glacial decay.
One example of this limitation is the Gulf of Mexico/Florida region where, despite decades of study, RSL curves produce two conflicting patterns: those showing progressive submergence with a decelerating rate during the past 5000 years [Scholl et al, 1969] and those showing high sea level during the middle of the Holocene [Blum et al, 2001; Balsillie and Donoghue, 2004], where the Holocene represents a geologic epoch that extends from about 10,000 years ago to present times. This discrepancy is emblematic of the uncertainty surrounding Holocene sea level and ice volume history in general.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2007EO100002","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T., Edgar, N., Brooks, G.L., Hastings, D., Larson, R., Hine, A., Locker, S., Suthard, B., Flower, B., Hollander, D., Wehmiller, J., Willard, D., and Smith, S., 2007, Sea level rise in Tampa Bay: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 88, no. 10, p. 117-118, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007EO100002.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"118","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477205,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007eo100002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Tampa Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.70233154296875,\n 27.632440508426797\n ],\n [\n -82.5677490234375,\n 27.586197857692664\n ],\n [\n -82.41668701171875,\n 27.661636331915222\n ],\n [\n -82.37274169921875,\n 27.817215593059487\n ],\n [\n -82.386474609375,\n 27.97984914504167\n ],\n [\n -82.73254394531249,\n 28.05259082333986\n ],\n [\n -82.70233154296875,\n 27.632440508426797\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b87ebe4b08c986b316716","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, T.","contributorId":88061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edgar, N.T.","contributorId":35812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edgar","given":"N.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, Gillian L.","contributorId":31033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Gillian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hastings, D.","contributorId":43186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hastings","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larson, R.","contributorId":30438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hine, A.","contributorId":96107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hine","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Locker, S.","contributorId":72218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locker","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Suthard, B.","contributorId":103105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suthard","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Flower, B.","contributorId":51116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flower","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hollander, D.","contributorId":52417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollander","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wehmiller, J.","contributorId":20997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wehmiller","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Willard, D. 0000-0003-4878-0942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":67676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Smith, S.","contributorId":20698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70032987,"text":"70032987 - 2007 - Hydrothermal circulation at Mount St. Helens determined by self-potential measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-06T11:55:44.401729","indexId":"70032987","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrothermal circulation at Mount St. Helens determined by self-potential measurements","docAbstract":"The distribution of hydrothermal circulation within active volcanoes is of importance in identifying regions of hydrothermal alteration which may in turn control explosivity, slope stability and sector collapse. Self-potential measurements, indicative of fluid circulation, were made within the crater of Mount St. Helens in 2000 and 2001. A strong dipolar anomaly in the self-potential field was detected on the north face of the 1980–86 lava dome. This anomaly reaches a value of negative one volt on the lower flanks of the dome and reverses sign toward the dome summit. The anomaly pattern is believed to result from a combination of thermoelectric, electrokinetic, and fluid disruption effects within and surrounding the dome. Heat supplied from a cooling dacite magma very likely drives a shallow hydrothermal convection cell within the dome. The temporal stability of the SP field, low surface recharge rate, and magmatic component to fumarole condensates and thermal waters suggest the hydrothermal system is maintained by water vapor exsolved from the magma and modulated on short time scales by surface recharge.
We evaluated three potentially nonlethal alternatives to fillet sampling for the determination of mercury (Hg) concentrations in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu). Fish (n = 62, 226-464 mm total length) from six sites in southern Missouri were captured by electrofishing. Blood samples (1 mL) from each fish were obtained by caudal veinipuncture with a heparinized needle and syringe. Biopsy needle (10 mm x 14 gauge; three cuts per fish; 10-20 mg total dry weight) and biopsy punch (7 mm x 5 mm in diameter, one plug per fish, 30-50 mg dry weight) samples were obtained from the area beneath the dorsal fin. Fillet samples were obtained from the opposite side of the fish. All samples were freeze-dried and analyzed for total Hg by combustion amalgamation atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Mean relative standard deviations (RSDs) of triplicate samples were similar for all four methods (2.2-2.4%), but the range of RSDs was greater for blood (0.4-5.5%) than for the muscle methods (1.8-4.0%). Total Hg concentrations in muscle were 0.0200-0.8809 ??g/g wet weight; concentrations in plug, needle, and fillet samples from each fish were nearly identical. Blood Hg concentrations were 0.0006-0.0812 ??g/mL and were highly correlated with muscle concentrations; linear regressions between log-transformed blood and fillet Hg concentrations were linear and statistically significant (p < 0.01), and explained 91-93% of the total variation. Correlations between fillet Hg concentrations and fish size and age were weak; together they explained ???37% of the total variation, and the relations differed among sites. Overall, any of the alternative methods could provide satisfactory estimates of fillet Hg in smallmouth bass; however, both blood and plug sampling with disposable instruments were easier to perform than needle sampling. The biopsy needle was the most difficult to use, especially on smaller fish, and its relative expense necessitates reuse and, consequently, thorough cleaning between fish to prevent cross-contamination. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s00244-006-0214-0","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Schmitt, C., and Brumbaugh, W.G., 2007, Evaluation of potentially nonlethal sampling methods for monitoring mercury concentrations in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu): Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 53, no. 1, p. 84-95, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-006-0214-0.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"95","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212765,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-006-0214-0"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Southeast Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.274658203125,\n 38.09133660751176\n ],\n [\n -91.417236328125,\n 38.134556577054134\n ],\n [\n -91.38427734374999,\n 36.56260003738548\n ],\n [\n -90.164794921875,\n 36.474306755095206\n ],\n [\n -89.5166015625,\n 36.48314061639213\n ],\n [\n -89.154052734375,\n 36.77409249464195\n ],\n [\n -89.219970703125,\n 37.046408899699564\n ],\n [\n -89.4287109375,\n 37.06394430056685\n ],\n [\n -89.49462890625,\n 37.309014074275915\n ],\n [\n -89.549560546875,\n 37.67512527892127\n ],\n [\n -90.186767578125,\n 38.07404145941957\n ],\n [\n -90.274658203125,\n 38.09133660751176\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0caee4b0c8380cd52c59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmitt, C. 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G.","contributorId":106441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":425984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030899,"text":"70030899 - 2007 - Landscape factors influencing the spatial distribution and abundance of mosquito vector Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in a mixed residential-agricultural community in Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030899","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2385,"text":"Journal of Medical Entomology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape factors influencing the spatial distribution and abundance of mosquito vector Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in a mixed residential-agricultural community in Hawai'i","docAbstract":"Mosquito-borne avian diseases, principally avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum Grassi and Feletti) and avian pox (Avipoxvirus sp.) have been implicated as the key limiting factor associated with recent declines of endemic avifauna in the Hawaiian Island archipelago. We present data on the relative abundance, infection status, and spatial distribution of the primary mosquito vector Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) across a mixed, residential-agricultural community adjacent to Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park on Hawai'i Island. We modeled the effect of agriculture and forest fragmentation in determining relative abundance of adult Cx. quinquefasciatus in Volcano Village, and we implement our statistical model in a geographic information system to generate a probability of mosquito capture prediction surface for the study area. Our model was based on biweekly captures of adult mosquitoes from 20 locations within Volcano Village from October 2001 to April 2003. We used mixed effects logistic regression to model the probability of capturing a mosquito, and we developed a set of 17 competing models a priori to specifically evaluate the effect of agriculture and fragmentation (i.e., residential landscapes) at two spatial scales. In total, 2,126 mosquitoes were captured in CO 2-baited traps with an average probability of 0.27 (SE = 0.10) of capturing one or more mosquitoes per trap night. Twelve percent of mosquitoes captured were infected with P. relictum. Our data indicate that agricultural lands and forest fragmentation significantly increase the probability of mosquito capture. The prediction surface identified areas along the Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park boundary that may have high relative abundance of the vector. Our data document the potential of avian malaria transmission in residential-agricultural landscapes and support the need for vector management that extends beyond reserve boundaries and considers a reserve's spatial position in a highly heterogeneous landscape.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Medical Entomology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[861:LFITSD]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00222585","usgsCitation":"Reiter, M., and Lapointe, D., 2007, Landscape factors influencing the spatial distribution and abundance of mosquito vector Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in a mixed residential-agricultural community in Hawai'i: Journal of Medical Entomology, v. 44, no. 5, p. 861-868, https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[861:LFITSD]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"861","endPage":"868","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211416,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[861:LFITSD]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":238701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a440fe4b0c8380cd66809","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reiter, M.E.","contributorId":80065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiter","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lapointe, D.A.","contributorId":69691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapointe","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030891,"text":"70030891 - 2007 - Isotopic analysis of N and O in nitrite and nitrate by sequential selective bacterial reduction to N2O","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T08:54:35","indexId":"70030891","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Isotopic analysis of N and O in nitrite and nitrate by sequential selective bacterial reduction to N2O","title":"Isotopic analysis of N and O in nitrite and nitrate by sequential selective bacterial reduction to N2O","docAbstract":"Nitrite is an important intermediate species in the biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen, but its role in natural aquatic systems is poorly understood. Isotopic data can be used to study the sources and transformations of NO2- in the environment, but methods for independent isotopic analyses of NO2- in the presence of other N species are still new and evolving. This study demonstrates that isotopic analyses of N and O in NO2- can be done by treating whole freshwater or saltwater samples with the denitrifying bacterium Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens, which selectively reduces NO2- to N2O for isotope ratio mass spectrometry. When calibrated with solutions containing NO2- with known isotopic compositions determined independently, reproducible δ15N and δ18O values were obtained at both natural-abundance levels (±0.2−0.5‰ for δ15N and ±0.4−1.0‰ for δ18O) and moderately enriched 15N tracer levels (±20−50‰ for δ15N near 5000‰) for 5−20 nmol of NO2- (1−20 μmol/L in 1−5 mL aliquots). This method is highly selective for NO2-and was used for mixed samples containing both NO2- and NO3- with little or no measurable cross-contamination. In addition, mixed samples that were analyzed with S. nitritireducens were treated subsequently with Pseudomonas aureofaciens to reduce the NO3- in the absence of NO2-, providing isotopic analyses of NO2- and NO3- separately in the same aliquot. Sequential bacterial reduction methods like this one should be useful for a variety of isotopic studies aimed at understanding nitrogen cycling in aquatic environments. A test of these methods in an agricultural watershed in Indiana provides isotopic evidence for both nitrification and denitrification as sources of NO2- in a small stream.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/ac070176k","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Bohlke, J.K., Smith, R.L., and Hannon, J.E., 2007, Isotopic analysis of N and O in nitrite and nitrate by sequential selective bacterial reduction to N2O: Analytical Chemistry, v. 79, no. 15, p. 5888-5895, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac070176k.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"5888","endPage":"5895","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211294,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac070176k"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","volume":"79","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f93e4b0c8380cd64613","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":127841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"John","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Karl","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":429110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Richard L. 0000-0002-3829-0125 rlsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-0125","contributorId":1592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hannon, Janet E. jehannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":3177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hannon","given":"Janet","email":"jehannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":429108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030888,"text":"70030888 - 2007 - Spatial and temporal variations in silver contamination and toxicity in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T18:50:04","indexId":"70030888","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1561,"text":"Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal variations in silver contamination and toxicity in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"Although San Francisco Bay has a \"Golden Gate\", it may be argued that it is the \"Silver Estuary\". For at one time the Bay was reported to have the highest levels of silver in its sediments and biota, along with the only accurately measured values of silver in solution, of any estuarine system. Since then others have argued that silver contamination is higher elsewhere (e.g., New York Bight, Florida Bay, Galveston Bay) in a peculiar form of pollution machismo, while silver contamination has measurably declined in sediments, biota, and surface waters of the Bay over the past two to three decades. Documentation of those systemic temporal declines has been possible because of long-term, ongoing monitoring programs, using rigorous trace metal clean sampling and analytical techniques, of the United States Geological Survey and San Francisco Bay Regional Monitoring Program that are summarized in this report. However, recent toxicity studies with macro-invertebrates in the Bay have indicated that silver may still be adversely affecting the health of the estuarine system, and other studies have indicated that silver concentrations in the Bay may be increasing due to new industrial inputs and/or the diagenetic remobilization of silver from historically contaminated sediments being re-exposed to overlying surface waters and benthos. Consequently, the Bay may not be ready to relinquish its title as the \"Silver Estuary\".
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2007.05.006","issn":"00139351","usgsCitation":"Flegal, A., Brown, C.L., Squire, S., Ross, J., Scelfo, G., and Hibdon, S., 2007, Spatial and temporal variations in silver contamination and toxicity in San Francisco Bay: Environmental Research, v. 105, no. 1, p. 34-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2007.05.006.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"52","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211693,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2007.05.006"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.64862060546875,\n 37.391981943533544\n ],\n [\n -121.74362182617188,\n 37.391981943533544\n ],\n [\n -121.74362182617188,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -122.64862060546875,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -122.64862060546875,\n 37.391981943533544\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b945ae4b08c986b31aa18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flegal, A.R.","contributorId":64607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flegal","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Cynthia L. clbrown@usgs.gov","contributorId":206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Cynthia","email":"clbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Squire, S.","contributorId":79289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squire","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ross, J.R.M.","contributorId":75756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"J.R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scelfo, G.M.","contributorId":24993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scelfo","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hibdon, S.","contributorId":45113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hibdon","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033213,"text":"70033213 - 2007 - Time-optimum packet scheduling for many-to-one routing in wireless sensor networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033213","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2063,"text":"International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-optimum packet scheduling for many-to-one routing in wireless sensor networks","docAbstract":"This paper studies the wireless sensor networks (WSN) application scenario with periodical traffic from all sensors to a sink. We present a time-optimum and energy-efficient packet scheduling algorithm and its distributed implementation. We first give a general many-to-one packet scheduling algorithm for wireless networks, and then prove that it is time-optimum and costs [image omitted], N(u0)-1) time slots, assuming each node reports one unit of data in each round. Here [image omitted] is the total number of sensors, while [image omitted] denotes the number of sensors in a sink's largest branch subtree. With a few adjustments, we then show that our algorithm also achieves time-optimum scheduling in heterogeneous scenarios, where each sensor reports a heterogeneous amount of data in each round. Then we give a distributed implementation to let each node calculate its duty-cycle locally and maximize efficiency globally. In this packet-scheduling algorithm, each node goes to sleep whenever it is not transceiving, so that the energy waste of idle listening is also mitigated. Finally, simulations are conducted to evaluate network performance using the Qualnet simulator. Among other contributions, our study also identifies the maximum reporting frequency that a deployed sensor network can handle.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/17445760601111459","issn":"17445760","usgsCitation":"Song, W., Yuan, F., LaHusen, R., and Shirazi, B., 2007, Time-optimum packet scheduling for many-to-one routing in wireless sensor networks: International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems, v. 22, no. 5, p. 355-370, https://doi.org/10.1080/17445760601111459.","startPage":"355","endPage":"370","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213535,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445760601111459"},{"id":241165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3d5e4b08c986b325ff8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Song, W.-Z.","contributorId":23334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Song","given":"W.-Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yuan, F.","contributorId":104287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuan","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LaHusen, R.","contributorId":7446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaHusen","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shirazi, B.","contributorId":78162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shirazi","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174196,"text":"70174196 - 2007 - Assessment of marine-derived nutrients in the Copper River Delta, Alaska, using natural abundance of the stable isotopes of nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T10:59:37","indexId":"70174196","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of marine-derived nutrients in the Copper River Delta, Alaska, using natural abundance of the stable isotopes of nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon","docAbstract":"We performed nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon stable isotope analysis (SIA) on maturing and juvenile anadromous sockeye and coho salmon, and periphyton in two Copper River delta watersheds of Alaska to trace salmonderived nutrients during 2003–2004. Maturing salmon were isotopically enriched relative to alternate freshwater N, S, and C sources as expected, with differences consistent with species trophic level differences, and minor system, sex, and year-to-year differences, enabling use of SIA to trace these salmon-derived nutrients. Periphyton naturally colonized, incubated, and collected using Wildco Periphtyon Samplers in and near spawning sites was 34S- and 15N-enriched, as expected, and at all freshwater sites was 13C-depleted. At nonspawning and coho-only sites, periphyton 34S and 15N was generally low. However, 34S was low enough at some sites to be suggestive of sulfate reduction, complicating the use of S isotopes. Juvenile salmon SIA ranged in values consistent with using production derived from re-mineralization as well as direct utilization, but only by a minority fraction of coho salmon. Dependency on salmon-derived nutrients ranged from relatively high to relatively low, suggesting a space-limited system. No one particular isotope was found to be superior for determining the relative importance of salmon-derived nutrients.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda MD","issn":"0892-2284","usgsCitation":"Kline, T.C., Woody, C.A., Bishop, M.A., Powers, S.P., and Knudsen, E.E., 2007, Assessment of marine-derived nutrients in the Copper River Delta, Alaska, using natural abundance of the stable isotopes of nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 54, p. 51-60.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"60","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f1a3e4b07dd077c69840","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kline, Thomas C.","contributorId":140867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kline","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13600,"text":"Prince William Sound Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woody, Carol Ann","contributorId":172548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woody","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bishop, Mary Anne","contributorId":10698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powers, Sean P.","contributorId":138867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powers","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12554,"text":"University of South Alabama and Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knudsen, E. Eric","contributorId":104818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudsen","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70171391,"text":"70171391 - 2007 - Eutrophication study at the Panjiakou-Daheiting Reservoir system, northern Hebei Province, People's Republic of China: Chlorophyll-a model and sources of phosphorus and nitrogen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:44:10","indexId":"70171391","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":680,"text":"Agricultural Water Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eutrophication study at the Panjiakou-Daheiting Reservoir system, northern Hebei Province, People's Republic of China: Chlorophyll-a model and sources of phosphorus and nitrogen","docAbstract":"Concentrations, loads, and sources of nitrate and total phosphorus were investigated at the Panjiakou and Daheiting Reservoir system in northern Hebei Province, People's Republic of China. The Luan He River is the primary source of water to these reservoirs, and the upstream watershed has a mix of land uses including agriculture, forest, and one large urban center. The reservoirs have a primary use for storage of drinking water and partially supply Tianjin City with its annual needs. Secondary uses include flood control and aqua culture (fish cages). The response of the reservoir system from phosphorus input, with respect to chlorophyll-a production from algae, was fitted to a model of normalized phosphorus loading that regresses the average summer-time chlorophyll-a concentration to the average annual phosphorus concentration of the reservoir. Comparison of the normalized phosphorus loading and chlorophyll-a response of this system to other reservoirs throughout the world indicate a level of eutrophication that will require up to an approximate 5–10-fold decrease in annual phosphorus load to bring the system to a more acceptable level of algal productivity. Isotopes of nitrogen and oxygen in dissolved nitrate were measured from the headwater streams and at various locations along the major rivers that provide the majority of water to these reservoirs. Those isotopic measurements indicate that the sources of nitrate change from natural background in the rivers to animal manure and septic waste upstream of the reservoir. Although the isotopic measurements suggest that animal and septic wastes are a primary source of nutrients, measurements of the molar ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus are more indicative of row-cropping practices. Options for reduction of nutrient loads include changing the management practices of the aqua culture, installation of new sewage treatment systems in the large urbanized area of the upper watershed, and agricultural management practices that would reduce the loading of nutrients and soil erosion from that land use.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2007.08.002","usgsCitation":"Domagalski, J.L., Lin, C., Luo, Y., Kang, J., Wang, S., Brown, L.R., and Munn, M.D., 2007, Eutrophication study at the Panjiakou-Daheiting Reservoir system, northern Hebei Province, People's Republic of China: Chlorophyll-a model and sources of phosphorus and nitrogen: Agricultural Water Management, v. 94, no. 1-3, p. 43-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2007.08.002.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"53","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321872,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574eb5c6e4b0ee97d51a83b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lin, Chao","contributorId":169724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Chao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luo, Yang","contributorId":89585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Yang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kang, Jie","contributorId":72265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kang","given":"Jie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, Shaoming","contributorId":38745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Shaoming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Munn, Mark D. 0000-0002-7154-7252 mdmunn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7154-7252","contributorId":976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munn","given":"Mark","email":"mdmunn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70179829,"text":"70179829 - 2007 - Striving for collaborative science and communication through the Consortium for Research and Education on Emerging Contaminants (CREEC)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T08:19:29","indexId":"70179829","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3720,"text":"Water Resources Impact","printIssn":"1522-3175","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Striving for collaborative science and communication through the Consortium for Research and Education on Emerging Contaminants (CREEC)","docAbstract":"Current analytical capabilities are allowing scientists to identify possible contaminants in the environment that were previously unmonitored or were present at concentrations too low for detection. New scientific evidence about the exposure pathways and potential impacts of some of these compounds on human or environmental health is regularly being published (Woodling et al., 2006; Drewes et al., 2005; Kinney et al., 2006; Gibs et al., 2007; Veldhoen et al., 2006). Recent news headlines have declared potential human health and ecological concerns regarding the occurrence of personal care products and pharmaceuticals in our environment. These are products that we regularly use (or create) in our homes, businesses, farms and industry, including plasticizers, flame retardants, detergents, pesticides and herbicides, antibacterial agents, steroids, antibiotics, and disinfection byproducts. These ‘emerging contaminants’ (ECs) are compounds that have recently been shown to occur widely in one or more environmental media, have been identified as being a potential public health or ecological risk, and yet adequate data are lacking to determine their actual risk (Younos, 2005; Soin and Smagghe, 2007; Hutchinson, 2007).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","usgsCitation":"Brown, J., and Battaglin, W.A., 2007, Striving for collaborative science and communication through the Consortium for Research and Education on Emerging Contaminants (CREEC): Water Resources Impact, v. May 2007, p. 22-24.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"24","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333388,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333387,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.awra.org/impact/"}],"volume":"May 2007","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58808d72e4b01dfadfff155f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Juliane B.","contributorId":74040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Juliane B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186201,"text":"70186201 - 2007 - Seabirds as indicators of marine ecosystems: Introduction: A modern role for seabirds as indicators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-31T13:14:18","indexId":"70186201","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seabirds as indicators of marine ecosystems: Introduction: A modern role for seabirds as indicators","docAbstract":"A key requirement for implementing ecosystem-based management is to obtain timely information on significant fluctuations in the ecosystem (Botsford et al. 1997). However, obtaining all necessary information about physical and biological changes at appropriate temporal and spatial scales is a daunting task. Intuitively, one might assume that physical data are more important for the interpretation of ecosystem changes than biological data, but analyses of time series data suggest otherwise: physical data are more erratic and often confusing over the short term compared to biological data, which tend to fluctuate less on annual time scales (Hare & Mantua 2000). Even so, biological time-series may also be confusing when coexisting marine species respond differently to ecosystem variability. For example, while warming temperatures in the Gulf of Alaska following the 1976 to 1977 regime shift favored an increase in gadoids and flatfish, a variety of forage fish and pandalid shrimp species virtually disappeared (Anderson & Piatt 1999). Zooplankton communities in the Gulf of Alaska also demonstrated similar patterns of response (Francis et al. 1998). At the basin scale, favorable conditions for salmon in Alaska following the regime shift were matched inversely by poor conditions in the California Current (Francis et al. 1998). In marine birds, subtropical species increased, while subarctic ones decreased during a warming phase in the southern California Bight. Clearly, no single index can tell the whole story accurately. Multi-species, multi-region, and multi-trophic level approaches are needed to quantify fluctuations in marine ecosystem processes and in the distribution and abundance of its inhabitants, to determine critical parameter thresholds and to use this information in management and marine conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps07070","usgsCitation":"Piatt, J.F., Sydeman, W., and Wiese, F., 2007, Seabirds as indicators of marine ecosystems: Introduction: A modern role for seabirds as indicators: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 352, p. 199-204, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07070.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"204","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07070","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":338964,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"352","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6ac8e4b02ff32c6aea79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sydeman, William J.","contributorId":172574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sydeman","given":"William J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiese, Francis","contributorId":172575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiese","given":"Francis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031598,"text":"70031598 - 2007 - Informing the network: Improving communication with interface communities during wildland fire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70031598","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1911,"text":"Human Ecology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Informing the network: Improving communication with interface communities during wildland fire","docAbstract":"An interagency research team studied fire communications that took place during different stages of two wildfires in southern California: one small fire of short duration and one large fire of long duration. This \"quick- response\" research showed that pre-fire communication planning was particularly effective for smaller fire events and parts of that planning proved invaluable for the large fire event as well. Information seeking by the affected public relied on locally convenient sources during the small fire. During the large fire, widespread evacuations disrupted many of the local informal communication networks. Residents' needs were for \"real-time, \" place-specific information: precise location, severity, size, and direction of spread of the fires. Fire management agencies must contribute real-time, place-specific fire information when it is most needed by the affected public, as they try to make sense out of the chaos of a wildland fire. Disseminating fire information as broadly as possible through multiple pathways will maximize the probability of the public finding the information they need. ?? Society for Human Ecology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Human Ecology Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10744827","usgsCitation":"Taylor, J.G., Gillette, S., Hodgson, R., Downing, J., Burns, M., Chavez, D., and Hogan, J., 2007, Informing the network: Improving communication with interface communities during wildland fire: Human Ecology Review, v. 14, no. 2, p. 198-211.","startPage":"198","endPage":"211","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3bbce4b0c8380cd627cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, J. G.","contributorId":33671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"J.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gillette, S.C.","contributorId":102844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillette","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hodgson, R.W.","contributorId":89353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Downing, J.L.","contributorId":46764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burns, M.R.","contributorId":22149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chavez, D.J.","contributorId":33536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chavez","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hogan, J.T.","contributorId":101459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70031251,"text":"70031251 - 2007 - Population response to habitat fragmentation in a stream-dwelling brook trout population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031251","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population response to habitat fragmentation in a stream-dwelling brook trout population","docAbstract":"Fragmentation can strongly influence population persistence and expression of life-history strategies in spatially-structured populations. In this study, we directly estimated size-specific dispersal, growth, and survival of stream-dwelling brook trout in a stream network with connected and naturally-isolated tributaries. We used multiple-generation, individual-based data to develop and parameterize a size-class and location-based population projection model, allowing us to test effects of fragmentation on population dynamics at local (i.e., subpopulation) and system-wide (i.e., metapopulation) scales, and to identify demographic rates which influence the persistence of isolated and fragmented populations. In the naturally-isolated tributary, persistence was associated with higher early juvenile survival (-45% greater), shorter generation time (one-half) and strong selection against large body size compared to the open system, resulting in a stage-distribution skewed towards younger, smaller fish. Simulating barriers to upstream migration into two currently-connected tribuory populations caused rapid (2-6 generations) local extinction. These local extinctions in turn increased the likelihood of system-wide extinction, as tributaries could no longer function as population sources. Extinction could be prevented in the open system if sufficient immigrants from downstream areas were available, but the influx of individuals necessary to counteract fragmentation effects was high (7-46% of the total population annually). In the absence of sufficient immigration, a demographic change (higher early survival characteristic of the isolated tributary) was also sufficient to rescue the population from fragmentation, suggesting that the observed differences in size distributions between the naturally-isolated and open system may reflect an evolutionary response to isolation. Combined with strong genetic divergence between the isolated tributary and open system, these results suggest that local adaptation can 'rescue' isolated populations, particularly in one-dimensional stream networks where both natural and anthropegenically-mediated isolation is common. However, whether rescue will occur before extinction depends critically on the race between adaptation and reduced survival in response to fragmentation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0001139","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"Letcher, B., Nislow, K., Coombs, J., O'Donnell, M., and Dubreuil, T., 2007, Population response to habitat fragmentation in a stream-dwelling brook trout population: PLoS ONE, v. 2, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001139.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476992,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001139","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211431,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001139"},{"id":238717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7d8ae4b0c8380cd79feb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":430735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nislow, K.H.","contributorId":66477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nislow","given":"K.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coombs, J.A.","contributorId":91295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O'Donnell, M. J. 0000-0002-9089-2377","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9089-2377","contributorId":23670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Donnell","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":430734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dubreuil, T.L.","contributorId":106697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubreuil","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031664,"text":"70031664 - 2007 - Growth rate differences between resident native brook trout and non-native brown trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70031664","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth rate differences between resident native brook trout and non-native brown trout","docAbstract":"Between species and across season variation in growth was examined by tagging and recapturing individual brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and brown trout Salmo trutta across seasons in a small stream (West Brook, Massachusetts, U.S.A.). Detailed information on body size and growth are presented to (1) test whether the two species differed in growth within seasons and (2) characterize the seasonal growth patterns for two age classes of each species. Growth differed between species in nearly half of the season- and age-specific comparisons. When growth differed, non-native brown trout grew faster than native brook trout in all but one comparison. Moreover, species differences were most pronounced when overall growth was high during the spring and early summer. These growth differences resulted in size asymmetries that were sustained over the duration of the study. A literature survey also indicated that non-native salmonids typically grow faster than native salmonids when the two occur in sympatry. Taken together, these results suggest that differences in growth are not uncommon for coexisting native and non-native salmonids. ?? 2007 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01615.x","issn":"00221112","usgsCitation":"Carlson, S., Hendry, A., and Letcher, B., 2007, Growth rate differences between resident native brook trout and non-native brown trout: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 71, no. 5, p. 1430-1447, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01615.x.","startPage":"1430","endPage":"1447","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212545,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01615.x"}],"volume":"71","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dffe4b0c8380cd5c1fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, S.M.","contributorId":105917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hendry, A.P.","contributorId":89351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendry","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":432576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":76832,"text":"mf2414 - 2007 - Geology and Mineral Resources of the East Mojave National Scenic Area, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-28T14:48:43","indexId":"mf2414","displayToPublicDate":"2006-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2414","title":"Geology and Mineral Resources of the East Mojave National Scenic Area, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"From our evaluations that largely used model-based criteria, we conclude that much of the East Mojave National Scenic Area (EMNSA) contains significant indications of epigenetic mineralization of various types. Economically significant concentrations of many metals may possibly remain to be discovered in many parts of the EMNSA (see also Wetzel and others, 1992). We have discussed specific types of metallic deposits that are known to be present in the EMNSA. Some mountain ranges that have widespread occurrences are the Providence Mountains, Clark Mountain Range, Ivanpah Mountains, and New York Mountains; the area of Hackberry Mountain is included in a tract that is judged to be favorable for the discovery of epithermal, volcanic-hosted gold deposits (pl. 2). These ranges make up a broad, roughly north-south-trending region in the central part of the EMNSA. Much less endowed with known occurrences of all of the various types of deposits considered above are the Granite Mountains, the central parts of the Piute Range, the Fenner Valley area, the general area of Cima Dome, the Cima volcanic field, and areas west to Soda Lake. We have attempted to make some judgments concerning the gravel-covered areas in the EMNSA (pl. 3), including the areal extent of bedrock apparently covered only by thin veneers of gravel. But few data are available to us for the overwhelming bulk of the covered areas. The presence of any mineralization, the type of mineralization, and the extent and intensity of mineralization in the covered areas is essentially unknown. The likelihood is high, however, that those areas in the EMNSA covered only by a thin cap of gravels could host mineralization similar to that known in the adjoining mountain ranges. Most buried epigenetic-mineral deposits do not respond to standard geophysical methods, particularly at the coarse spacing of the data-collection points available for our evaluation.\r\nRestricting judgments concerning the presence of undiscovered metal resources in the EMNSA only to currently known types of deposits and to regionally representative tonnages for such deposits would undoubtedly yield small estimates for volumes of many metals that might be exploited.\r\nMetals from most newly discovered, base- and ferrous-metal deposits of the types presently known in the EMNSA probably would be insignificant from the standpoint of national needs. For example, copper from a newly discovered skarn deposit in the EMNSA would have roughly a 25 percent chance of being in excess of approximately 10,000 tonnes contained Cu, if the grade-and-tonnage distribution curves of Jones and Menzie (1986b) for copper skarns are applicable to copper skarn in the EMNSA. Most copper in the United States is produced in the Southwest from much larger open-pit operations than those associated with the typical copper skarn; the former operations exploit large-tonnage porphyry-type systems. Historically, the EMNSA has been the site of minor production of many metals from a large number of sites. Since 1985, however, a small number of sites in the EMNSA whose gold production and reserves are much greater than that of the preceding discoveries have been developed (see U.S. Bureau of Mines, 1990a).\r\nNonetheless, widespread distribution of numerous types of deposits (including copper skarn, lead-zinc skarn, tin-tungsten skarn, polymetallic vein, gold-silver quartz-pyrite vein, low-fluorine porphyry molybdenum, gold breccia pipe, and volcanic-hosted gold) that are petrogenetically associated with igneous rock in many parts of the EMNSA is indicative of a metallogenic environment that may be the site of future discoveries of mineral-deposit types that are not now recognized by the exploration community. The science, art, and, yes, even luck of exploration procedures continually evolve, and this evolution is one of the most important aspects of currently employed methods of exploration (Bailly, 1981; Hutchinson and Grauch, 1991).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/mf2414","usgsCitation":"2007, Geology and Mineral Resources of the East Mojave National Scenic Area, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2414, 6 Plates: Plate 1 - 54 x 38 inches, Plates 2 through 6 - each 48 x 34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2414.","productDescription":"6 Plates: Plate 1 - 54 x 38 inches, Plates 2 through 6 - each 48 x 34 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science 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dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":1707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":743688,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Robert J. rjmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":2516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robert","email":"rjmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743689,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nielsen, Jane E.","contributorId":207390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743690,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilshire, Howard G.","contributorId":68346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilshire","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743691,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":4},{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743692,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stone, Paul 0000-0002-1439-0156 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Anne","contributorId":190699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKittrick","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743696,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mariano, John","contributorId":69949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariano","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743697,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":10},{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743698,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":11}],"editors":[{"text":"Theodore, Ted G.","contributorId":57840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodore","given":"Ted 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Pakistan, triggered a landslide that dammed the Karli River and one of its tributaries about 4 km upstream of the confluence of the Karli and Jhelum rivers near the town of Hattian Bala. The smaller dam on the tributary of the Karli River has been artificially breached and is no longer a hazard. When the larger dammed lake on the Karli River has filled enough to flow over the landslide blockage, it will have impounded about 60 million cubic meters of water. This lake will drain through the landslide dam as it breaches during the spring runoff or during the monsoon season in early summer. The inundation associated with the Karli River landslide dam breach endangers a substantial downstream population, particularly the population located in the vicinity of Hattian Bala at the confluence of the Karli and Jhelum rivers. To help mitigate this hazard, we used an accurate two-dimensional flow model to simulate dambreak flows associated with three breach-rate downcutting scenarios, and estimated inundation depths and peak flow velocities. We superimposed inundation extents and other attributes on photographic images of the region to provide clear delineation of potential impacts on populated areas near the confluence of the Karli and Jhelum rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061094","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Denlinger, R.P., O’Connell, D.R.H., and Jones, M., 2006, Summary of preliminary 2D inundation modeling for three Hattian landslide dam breach scenarios: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1094, 12 p., plus figures, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061094.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366616,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1094/ofr20061094_figs.html","text":"Figures 3–5, 7–42 ","linkHelpText":"— Large format plots."},{"id":366614,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1094/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":366615,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1094/ofr20061094.pdf","text":"Report","size":"315 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2006-1094"}],"country":"Pakistan ","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[75.15803,37.13303],[75.8969,36.66681],[76.19285,35.8984],[77.83745,35.49401],[76.87172,34.65354],[75.75706,34.50492],[74.2402,34.74889],[73.74995,34.3177],[74.10429,33.44147],[74.45156,32.7649],[75.25864,32.27111],[74.40593,31.69264],[74.42138,30.97981],[73.45064,29.97641],[72.82375,28.96159],[71.77767,27.91318],[70.6165,27.9892],[69.51439,26.94097],[70.16893,26.49187],[70.28287,25.72223],[70.8447,25.2151],[71.04324,24.35652],[68.8426,24.35913],[68.17665,23.69197],[67.44367,23.94484],[67.14544,24.66361],[66.37283,25.42514],[64.53041,25.23704],[62.9057,25.21841],[61.49736,25.07824],[61.87419,26.23997],[63.31663,26.75653],[63.2339,27.21705],[62.75543,27.37892],[62.72783,28.25964],[61.77187,28.69933],[61.36931,29.30328],[60.87425,29.82924],[62.54986,29.31857],[63.55026,29.46833],[64.148,29.34082],[64.35042,29.56003],[65.04686,29.47218],[66.34647,29.88794],[66.38146,30.7389],[66.93889,31.30491],[67.68339,31.30315],[67.79269,31.58293],[68.55693,31.71331],[68.92668,31.62019],[69.31776,31.90141],[69.26252,32.50194],[69.68715,33.1055],[70.32359,33.35853],[69.93054,34.02012],[70.8818,33.98886],[71.15677,34.34891],[71.11502,34.73313],[71.61308,35.1532],[71.49877,35.65056],[71.26235,36.07439],[71.84629,36.50994],[72.92002,36.72001],[74.06755,36.83618],[74.57589,37.02084],[75.15803,37.13303]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Pakistan\"}}]}","contact":"Director, David A. Johnston Cascades Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
1300 SE Cardinal Court, Building 10, Suite 100
Vancouver, Washington, 98683-9589
Monitoring is an assessment of the spatial and temporal variability in one or more ecosystem properties, and is an essential component of adaptive management. Monitoring can help determine whether mandated environmental standards are being met and can provide an early-warning system of ecological change. Development of a strategy for monitoring biological diversity will likely be most successful when based upon clearly articulated goals and objectives and may be enhanced by including several key steps in the process. Ideally, monitoring of biological diversity will measure not only composition, but also structure and function at the spatial and temporal scales of interest. Although biodiversity monitoring has several key limitations as well as numerous theoretical and practical challenges, many tools and strategies are available to address or overcome such challenges; I summarize several of these. Due to the diversity of spatio-temporal scales and comprehensiveness encompassed by existing definitions of biological diversity, an effective monitoring design will reflect the desired sampling domain of interest and its key stressors, available funding, legal requirements, and organizational goals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology","doi":"10.1898/1051-1733(2006)87[66:MBDSTL]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Beever, E., 2006, Monitoring biological diversity: strategies, tools, limitations, and challenges: Northwestern Naturalist, v. 87, no. 1, p. 66-79, https://doi.org/10.1898/1051-1733(2006)87[66:MBDSTL]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"79","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320071,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"87","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571210b3e4b0ef3b7ca64409","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beever, E.A.","contributorId":80040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beever","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70170283,"text":"70170283 - 2006 - Taxonomic considerations in listing subspecies under the U.S. Endangered Species Act","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-18T12:03:26","indexId":"70170283","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-03T17:30:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Taxonomic considerations in listing subspecies under the U.S. Endangered Species Act","docAbstract":"The U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) allows listing of subspecies and other groupings below the rank of species. This provides the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service with a means to target the most critical unit in need of conservation. Although roughly one-quarter of listed taxa are subspecies, these management agencies are hindered by uncertainties about taxonomic standards during listing or delisting activities. In a review of taxonomic publications and societies, we found few subspecies lists and none that stated standardized criteria for determining subspecific taxa. Lack of criteria is attributed to a centuries-old debate over species and subspecies concepts. Nevertheless, the critical need to resolve this debate for ESA listings led us to propose that minimal biological criteria to define disjunct subspecies (legally or taxonomically) should include the discreteness and significance criteria of distinct population segments (as defined under the ESA). Our subspecies criteria are in stark contrast to that proposed by supporters of the phylogenetic species concept and provide a clear distinction between species and subspecies. Efforts to eliminate or reduce ambiguity associated with subspecies-level classifications will assist with ESA listing decisions. Thus, we urge professional taxonomic societies to publish and periodically update peer-reviewed species and subspecies lists. This effort must be paralleled throughout the world for efficient taxonomic conservation to take place.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00530.x","usgsCitation":"Haig, S.M., Beever, E., Chambers, S.M., Draheim, H.M., Dugger, B., Dunham, S., Elliott-Smith, E., Fontaine, J.B., Kesler, D.C., Knaus, B.J., Lopes, I.F., Loschl, P.J., Mullins, T.D., and Sheffield, L.M., 2006, Taxonomic considerations in listing subspecies under the U.S. Endangered Species Act: Conservation Biology, v. 20, no. 6, p. 1584-1594, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00530.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1584","endPage":"1594","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320072,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"20","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571210b8e4b0ef3b7ca6443d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haig, S. M. 0000-0002-6616-7589","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":55389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beever, E.A.","contributorId":80040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beever","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chambers, Steven M.","contributorId":168608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chambers","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Draheim, Hope M.","contributorId":100711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draheim","given":"Hope","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dugger, Bruce D.","contributorId":81236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Bruce D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dunham, Susie","contributorId":168609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunham","given":"Susie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Elliott-Smith, Elise eelliott-smith@usgs.gov","contributorId":3645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott-Smith","given":"Elise","email":"eelliott-smith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fontaine, Joseph B.","contributorId":168610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fontaine","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kesler, Dylan C.","contributorId":14358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kesler","given":"Dylan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6769,"text":"University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Knaus, Brian J.","contributorId":107167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knaus","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lopes, Iara F.","contributorId":168611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopes","given":"Iara","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Loschl, Peter J.","contributorId":7195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loschl","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Mullins, Thomas D. 0000-0001-8948-9604 tom_mullins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8948-9604","contributorId":3615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"Thomas","email":"tom_mullins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":626758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Sheffield, Lisa M.","contributorId":168612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheffield","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":5224622,"text":"5224622 - 2006 - Risk assessment test for lead bioaccessibility to waterfowl in mine-impacted soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5224622","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Risk assessment test for lead bioaccessibility to waterfowl in mine-impacted soils","docAbstract":"Due to variations in soil physicochemical properties, species physiology, and contaminant speciation, Pb toxicity is difficult to evaluate without conducting in vivo dose-response studies. Such tests, however, are expensive and time consuming, making them impractical to use in assessment and management of contaminated environments. One possible alternative is to develop a physiologically based extraction test (PBET) that can be used to measure relative bioaccessibility. We developed and correlated a PBET designed to measure the bioaccessibility of Pb to waterfowl (W-PBET) in mine-impacted soils located in the Coeur d'Alene River Basin, Idaho. The W-PBET was also used to evaluate the impact of P amendments on Pb bioavailability. The W-PBET results were correlated to waterfowl-tissue Pb levels from a mallard duck [Anas platyrhynchos (L.)] feeding study. The W-PBET Pb concentrations were significantly less in the P-amended soils than in the unamended soils. Results from this study show that the W-PBET can be used to assess relative changes in Pb bioaccessibility to waterfowl in these mine-impacted soils, and therefore will be a valuable test to help manage and remediate contaminated soils.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6526_Furman.pdf","usgsCitation":"Furman, O., Strawn, D., Heinz, G.H., and Williams, B., 2006, Risk assessment test for lead bioaccessibility to waterfowl in mine-impacted soils: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 35, no. 2, p. 450-458.","productDescription":"450-458","startPage":"450","endPage":"458","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0fe4b07f02db5feadf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furman, O.","contributorId":81222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furman","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strawn, D.G.","contributorId":19673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strawn","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, B.","contributorId":80786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224627,"text":"5224627 - 2006 - Combining multistate capture-recapture data with tag recoveries to estimate demographic parameters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:04","indexId":"5224627","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combining multistate capture-recapture data with tag recoveries to estimate demographic parameters","docAbstract":"Matrix population models that allow an animal to occupy more than one state over time are important tools for population and evolutionary ecologists. Definition of state can vary, including location for metapopulation models and breeding state for life history models. For populations whose members can be marked and subsequently re-encountered, multistate mark-recapture models are available to estimate the survival and transition probabilities needed to construct population models. Multistate models have proved extremely useful in this context, but they often require a substantial amount of data and restrict estimation of transition probabilities to those areas or states subjected to formal sampling effort. At the same time, for many species, there are considerable tag recovery data provided by the public that could be modeled in order to increase precision and to extend inference to a greater number of areas or states. Here we present a statistical model for combining multistate capture-recapture data (e.g., from a breeding ground study) with multistate tag recovery data (e.g., from wintering grounds). We use this method to analyze data from a study of Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) in the Atlantic Flyway of North America. Our analysis produced marginal improvement in precision, due to relatively few recoveries, but we demonstrate how precision could be further improved with increases in the probability that a retrieved tag is reported.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6533_Kendall.pdf","usgsCitation":"Kendall, W., Conn, P., and Hines, J., 2006, Combining multistate capture-recapture data with tag recoveries to estimate demographic parameters: Ecology, v. 87, no. 1, p. 169-177.","productDescription":"169-177","startPage":"169","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17556,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/05-0637","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":198191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae6d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, W. 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Such models have become widely adopted in surveys of many taxa. The most fundamental assumption underlying these models is that ?false positive? errors are not possible. That is, one cannot detect a species where it does not occur. However, such errors are possible in many sampling situations for a number of reasons, and even low false positive error rates can induce extreme bias in estimates of site occupancy when they are not accounted for. In this paper, we develop a model for site occupancy that allows for both false negative and false positive error rates. This model can be represented as a two-component finite mixture model and can be easily fitted using freely available software. We provide an analysis of avian survey data using the proposed model and present results of a brief simulation study evaluating the performance of the maximum-likelihood estimator and the naive estimator in the presence of false positive errors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6548_Royle.pdf","usgsCitation":"Royle, J., and Link, W., 2006, Generalized site occupancy models allowing for false positive and false negative errors: Ecology, v. 87, no. 4, p. 835-841.","productDescription":"835-841","startPage":"835","endPage":"841","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17560,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87%5B835%3AGSOMAF%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":197895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aec9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royle, J. 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