The 18.6-yr cycle of the Moon's nodes dominates the annual means of high water, low water, and range at Boston and at other East Coast harbors. The maxima and minima of the high-water and range curves agree closely with the 180° and 0° long. yr, respectively, of the Moon's ascending node, and are fairly well accounted for by tide-prediction equations. The curve of annual mean sea level also reflects the cycle, but more weakly. Recognition of the cyclical nature of tidal data both simplifies and clarifies assessments of longer term sea-level trends and points to the need to include only multiples of entire cycles in the computations of these trends. When the curves of mean high water and range are used, it is possible to recognize long-term sea-level trends rapidly and to determine whether these are attributable to tidal or nontidal causes. The data suggest that the secular sea-level rise during the 20th century is tidal in origin and may be caused by vertical movement of the oceanic floor. This has the effect of reducing the volume of ocean basins, and, by changing basin geometry, alters the characteristics of terrestrial tidal constituents (standing waves).
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1973)1<141:NTCOYI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Kaye, C., and Stuckey, G.W., 1973, Nodal tidal cycle of 18.6 yr.: Its importance in sea-level curves of the east coast of the United States and its value in explaining long-term sea-level changes: Geology, v. 1, no. 3, p. 141-144, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1973)1<141:NTCOYI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"144","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.56165670045056,\n 25.333043354437677\n ],\n [\n -80.13302015368232,\n 25.16402816833684\n ],\n [\n -79.76435574383778,\n 26.83785225766067\n ],\n [\n -80.99093965420614,\n 29.9277575047103\n ],\n [\n -81.19121597019375,\n 30.70372183630164\n ],\n [\n -80.61178366658487,\n 32.0116779601441\n ],\n [\n -79.03598342427728,\n 32.940028893584994\n ],\n [\n -78.88319696988242,\n 33.45888810641053\n ],\n [\n -78.42787199210086,\n 33.69485538130128\n ],\n [\n -77.93852755157354,\n 33.637741103234845\n ],\n [\n -77.08074556207629,\n 34.388140327013076\n ],\n [\n -76.31081093993912,\n 34.54765030134729\n ],\n [\n -75.39625817719877,\n 35.53872169128148\n ],\n [\n -75.57966266442169,\n 37.08877586023526\n ],\n [\n -73.61668939933537,\n 40.34561377176735\n ],\n [\n -72.11600310681985,\n 40.63654273064569\n ],\n [\n -71.2447463492947,\n 41.09251898841475\n ],\n [\n -69.76136059308763,\n 41.10627859302403\n ],\n [\n -69.6104213249129,\n 41.943974610952324\n ],\n [\n -70.38122062266895,\n 42.53432912287826\n ],\n [\n -69.6857633536842,\n 43.52221734596432\n ],\n [\n -66.72112618871648,\n 44.61971585990065\n ],\n [\n -67.05484486419891,\n 44.99323916085436\n ],\n [\n -67.9890534282269,\n 44.76383215999991\n ],\n [\n -68.88191029935051,\n 44.73168254042784\n ],\n [\n -69.88393050052605,\n 44.17894003683233\n ],\n [\n -70.40580067665894,\n 43.778109212868856\n ],\n [\n -70.88728474006393,\n 43.12814976633959\n ],\n [\n -71.26983891331787,\n 42.37853869827768\n ],\n [\n -71.05473194814635,\n 41.79575815506678\n ],\n [\n -71.56026038699241,\n 41.924433189633874\n ],\n [\n -71.84402610236367,\n 41.50308172111872\n ],\n [\n -73.80345164804385,\n 41.20190424993379\n ],\n [\n -74.50648251862506,\n 40.48841869929842\n ],\n [\n -74.37130859096192,\n 40.04484971300579\n ],\n [\n -74.87816320974304,\n 39.289870713080234\n ],\n [\n -75.24194038444911,\n 39.86592767471316\n ],\n [\n -75.93698439108307,\n 39.85767401177611\n ],\n [\n -76.49155216520177,\n 39.51833864204394\n ],\n [\n -76.89809643713619,\n 38.8708761735661\n ],\n [\n -77.47516538255938,\n 38.88994262867496\n ],\n [\n -77.16023652496898,\n 38.15055916212219\n ],\n [\n -77.44122741704749,\n 37.34510797720101\n ],\n [\n -76.60752169423802,\n 36.637913625048995\n ],\n [\n -76.84930219248065,\n 36.382479869710224\n ],\n [\n -77.2054155514295,\n 35.75238346315413\n ],\n [\n -77.29908924128655,\n 34.83505859238706\n ],\n [\n -78.23623439229996,\n 34.100827723058345\n ],\n [\n -79.26542580591848,\n 33.811666512312456\n ],\n [\n -79.44259896084255,\n 33.33641433265788\n ],\n [\n -80.06863500763434,\n 32.86872241315983\n ],\n [\n -80.56989886694214,\n 32.58910286422062\n ],\n [\n -81.29134893316652,\n 32.177150889362736\n ],\n [\n -81.84990952488718,\n 31.101972570571675\n ],\n [\n -81.76290949535651,\n 30.384953326405764\n ],\n [\n -81.01141365400399,\n 28.58350653089842\n ],\n [\n -80.2532174781116,\n 26.88850058854679\n ],\n [\n -80.56165670045056,\n 25.333043354437677\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaye, Clifford A.","contributorId":17624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaye","given":"Clifford A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stuckey, Gary W.","contributorId":303701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stuckey","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70162063,"text":"70162063 - 1973 - Flow characteristics of a subsurface-controlled recharge basin on Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T15:38:35","indexId":"70162063","displayToPublicDate":"1973-11-01T02:30:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow characteristics of a subsurface-controlled recharge basin on Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"Ponding studies at the Woodbury recharge basin on Long Island, N.Y., show that the principal zones controlling infiltration are a surface-loam stratum and an intermediate gravelly, sandy loam stratum. The saturated hydraulic conductivities of these strata are 0.90 and 0.1 ft per day, respectively. The surface loam acts as the principal zone controlling infiltration until a perched ground-water mound develops above the intermediate gravelly, sandy loam and extends to the bottom of the surface loam; then the intermediate gravelly, sandy loam becomes the principal infiltration controlling zone. Infiltration rates at 15.6° Celsius are 1.4 ft per day when the surface loam is acting as the principal controlling zone and 0.5 ft per day when the intermediate gravelly, sandy loam is acting as the principal controlling zone. Projections of the probable infiltration rates associated with both the partial and the complete removal of the surface-loam stratum show that if recharge continues for several days total infiltration would not be greatly different whether or not the loam stratum is completely removed. The principal advantage of completely removing the surface-loam stratum is the resulting greater infiltration capacity during the early stages of ponding. This advantage is offset by potential problems associated with more intensive clogging of the subsurface controlling zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Prill, R.C., and Aaronson, D.B., 1973, Flow characteristics of a subsurface-controlled recharge basin on Long Island, New York: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 1, no. 6, p. 735-744.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"735","endPage":"744","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314239,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314238,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1973/vol1issue6/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States ","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.18017578125,\n 41.20758898181025\n ],\n [\n -71.8011474609375,\n 41.075210270566636\n ],\n [\n -72.520751953125,\n 40.81380923056961\n ],\n [\n -73.3447265625,\n 40.57641252104445\n ],\n [\n -74.091796875,\n 40.54720023441049\n ],\n [\n -74.06982421875,\n 40.68896903762434\n ],\n [\n -73.9105224609375,\n 40.80965166748856\n ],\n [\n -73.6907958984375,\n 40.925964939514294\n ],\n [\n -73.3612060546875,\n 41.008920735004885\n ],\n [\n -73.2952880859375,\n 40.98819156349393\n ],\n [\n -73.0645751953125,\n 41.025499378313754\n ],\n [\n -72.762451171875,\n 41.01721057822846\n ],\n [\n -72.18017578125,\n 41.20758898181025\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"569631c8e4b039675d00a3db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prill, Robert C.","contributorId":86317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prill","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aaronson, Donald B.","contributorId":14023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aaronson","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70162053,"text":"70162053 - 1973 - Problems of underground storage of wastes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-12T14:35:50","indexId":"70162053","displayToPublicDate":"1973-11-01T02:30:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Problems of underground storage of wastes","docAbstract":"Problems of underground storage of waste involve geology in its broadest sense, including hydrology, geochemistry, and geophysics. Wastes may be solid, liquid, or gaseous, and they may be chemically toxic or noxious, esthetically offensive, or radioactive. Some wastes require only temporary containment, whereas others must be isolated for indefinitely long periods. The means and locale for emplacement underground depend upon many governing geological factors, including the physical, chemical, hydrological, and hydraulic properties of the host formation. These must be studied relative to the physical, chemical, and thermal properties of the waste and of potential interactions between the waste and the host formation. Thorough knowledge is essential because lack of it may lead to undesirable or disastrous environmental consequences. Escape of waste may contaminate the surface or near-surface environment; it may destroy the usefulness or accessibility of resources such as ground water, petroleum, and minerals. Effective management of underground waste requires adaptation of current technology and development of new technology.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Nace, R.L., 1973, Problems of underground storage of wastes: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 1, no. 6, p. 719-723.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"719","endPage":"723","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314233,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314232,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1973/vol1issue6/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"1","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"569631cbe4b039675d00a3eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nace, Raymond L.","contributorId":93460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nace","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70162001,"text":"70162001 - 1973 - Loss of volatiles during fountaining and flowage of basaltic lava at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T14:07:42","indexId":"70162001","displayToPublicDate":"1973-11-01T02:30:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Loss of volatiles during fountaining and flowage of basaltic lava at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The amount of water and sulfur in pumice erupted during periods of vigorous activity during the 1969-71 Mauna Ulu eruption varied inversely with fountain height because of degassing during the fountaining. The pumice lost about 0.05 wt percent water and 0.003 wt percent sulfur during fountaining to heights of 400-540 m. Analyses suggest that the initial volatile content of Mauna Ulu lava was greater immediately preceding periods of high fountaining than during weak activity between those periods or after the last high fountains on December 30, 1969. Water and sulfur were systematically depleted during nearly isothermal flowage in lava tubes. Rapidly quenched samples of dipped melt show losses of about 0.03-0.04 wt percent water and 0.007-0.008 wt percent sulfur during flowage for several hours through a distance of 12 km. Glassy skins on cooled pahoehoe flows contain about 0.002-0.003 wt percent less sulfur than quenched melt at comparable distances from the vent, because of continued degassing under natural cooling conditions. Chlorine shows similar but less well defined trends. Pumice erupted in high fountains becomes more strongly oxidized than the parent magma, because of mixing with air while still at high temperatures.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Swanson, D., and Fabbi, B.P., 1973, Loss of volatiles during fountaining and flowage of basaltic lava at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 1, no. 6, p. 649-658.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"649","endPage":"658","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314168,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1973/vol1issue6/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":314169,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States of America","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.01022338867188,\n 19.33706180106996\n ],\n [\n -155.04318237304688,\n 19.41997316110168\n ],\n [\n -155.12969970703125,\n 19.462707821188026\n ],\n [\n -155.2752685546875,\n 19.44328437042322\n ],\n [\n -155.30410766601562,\n 19.47177130210513\n ],\n [\n -155.32745361328125,\n 19.456233596018\n ],\n [\n -155.44418334960938,\n 19.232066735684665\n ],\n [\n -155.44692993164062,\n 19.198350361162994\n ],\n [\n -155.39337158203125,\n 19.19056867766461\n ],\n [\n -155.32058715820312,\n 19.228176737766262\n ],\n [\n -155.29998779296875,\n 19.257997699830604\n ],\n [\n -155.25466918945312,\n 19.268368937880687\n ],\n [\n -155.17501831054688,\n 19.250218840825692\n ],\n [\n -155.01022338867188,\n 19.33706180106996\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e048e4b039675d005e34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Donald A. 0000-0002-1680-3591","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":22303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fabbi, Brent P.","contributorId":64244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabbi","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70162052,"text":"70162052 - 1973 - Fluorescent spectroscopy, a technique for characterizing surface films","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-12T14:28:47","indexId":"70162052","displayToPublicDate":"1973-11-01T01:15:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluorescent spectroscopy, a technique for characterizing surface films","docAbstract":"A relationship is established between fluorescent spectra obtained by using a light path through the liquid solution and the fluorescent spectra obtained by a direct reading of surface reflection (remote sensing). A brief review of quantum fundamentals provides the necessary information to conclude that \"see-through\" and reflectance spectra are identical in wavelength response. Many floating films contain fluorescent materials; thus fluorescent spectroscopic techniques were used to obtain the fluorescent spectra of lube oil, crude oil, and
lignosulfonie acid in an effort to detect, identify, and quantify these representative fluorescent materials in water solutions. For each material tested the emission maximum was established. The emission maximum was then held constant while the absorption spectrum was recorded and the absorption maximum established. The complete spectral curves are presented.
This study was done in response to the shellfish industry's concern that bacteria in effluent from the national wildlife refuges along the northeast coast of the United States may be adversely affecting the harvest of shellfish. A line graph shows inconsistent relationships between bird population at the Montezuma refuge and total coliform, fecal coliform, and fecal Streptococci counts. Salmonella were found in only one of 17 samples of water taken within the refuge. Counts of nonpathogenic bacteria in the two major streams flowing into the refuge, Black Brook and White Brook, were greater than they were in water flowing out of the refuge. Specific conductance of water flowing out of the refuge was less than that of water flowing into the refuge, although the effluent had higher concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen than the influent. A settling-pond effect in the quiet water of the refuge may help explain the improvement in the quality of the water leaving the refuge. The study shows how its quality changes both chemically and biologically as water flows through the refuge. Further study is needed, however, to determine the effects that a similar effluent would have on a coastal habitat of shellfish.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Suvey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","collaboration":"Work done in cooperation with the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Have, M.A., 1973, Effects of migratory waterfowl on water quality at the Montezuma National Wildlife Refuge, Seneca County, New York: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 1, no. 6, p. 725-734.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"725","endPage":"734","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314236,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1973/vol1issue6/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States of America","state":"New York","county":"Seneca","otherGeospatial":"Montezuma National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.79237365722656,\n 43.15710884095329\n ],\n [\n -76.77520751953125,\n 43.15861150676288\n ],\n [\n -76.76765441894531,\n 43.140577078142925\n ],\n [\n -76.75460815429688,\n 43.12153496408083\n ],\n [\n -76.75529479980469,\n 43.099478793917605\n ],\n [\n -76.73881530761719,\n 43.08393444692567\n ],\n [\n -76.72714233398436,\n 43.08744480560932\n ],\n [\n -76.72233581542969,\n 43.108001438239086\n ],\n [\n -76.70448303222655,\n 43.11752534252065\n ],\n [\n -76.67152404785156,\n 43.11351545820353\n ],\n [\n -76.64955139160155,\n 43.08594039080513\n ],\n [\n -76.66877746582031,\n 43.05383740681216\n ],\n [\n -76.69212341308594,\n 43.03276068583203\n ],\n [\n -76.695556640625,\n 42.99510567468791\n ],\n [\n -76.70928955078125,\n 42.97802779741624\n ],\n [\n -76.71134948730469,\n 42.94938659428584\n ],\n [\n -76.71821594238281,\n 42.92475455122086\n ],\n [\n -76.7230224609375,\n 42.91520069984654\n ],\n [\n -76.77726745605469,\n 42.921737705565015\n ],\n [\n -76.77040100097656,\n 42.96747732655269\n ],\n [\n -76.76628112792967,\n 42.994603451901305\n ],\n [\n -76.76971435546875,\n 43.037779609507346\n ],\n [\n -76.77520751953125,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -76.79718017578125,\n 43.087946269000135\n ],\n [\n -76.80404663085938,\n 43.11752534252065\n ],\n [\n -76.80953979492188,\n 43.147591099354806\n ],\n [\n -76.79237365722656,\n 43.15710884095329\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"569631c6e4b039675d00a3d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Have, Mark A.","contributorId":16867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Have","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156683,"text":"70156683 - 1973 - An accurate Invar-wire extensometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-25T17:24:08","indexId":"70156683","displayToPublicDate":"1973-10-30T17:15:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An accurate Invar-wire extensometer","docAbstract":"Stevens Type F water-level recorders have been modified to measure changes in the distance between two points, with amplification of up to 10 times. Such recorders are capable of measuring strains of 10-5 and possibly 10-6 over 10-m distances when corrections are made for frictional effects and temperature. In two field experiments, one on Kilauea Volcano in Hawaii, and the other on the San Andreas fault in central California, measurements by the recorders agree well with those by several different methods for the same episodes of ground deformation. Equipment for the entire system costs about $300 and requires 1 to 2 man-days for installation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Duffield, W.A., and Burford, R.O., 1973, An accurate Invar-wire extensometer: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 1, no. 5, p. 569-577.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"569","endPage":"577","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307487,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307486,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1973/vol1issue5/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"volume":"1","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd91ade4b0518e354dd11b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duffield, W. A.","contributorId":71935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffield","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burford, Robert O.","contributorId":52560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burford","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70241805,"text":"70241805 - 1973 - Karst hydrology: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-28T01:07:32.82577","indexId":"70241805","displayToPublicDate":"1973-10-01T20:02:28","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Karst hydrology: A review","docAbstract":"Karst regions of the world are characterized by limestones and other soluble rocks at or near land surface that have been modified by solutional erosion. Such surface features as sinks, long dry valleys, sparse streams, and bare rock and such subsurface features as caverns, arterial solution openings leading to large springs, and a deep water table are typical of karst terranes. These features result in an uneven distribution of permeability in karst systems and surface and subsurface hydrologic conditions that require special hydrogeologic studies. Local high permeability at shallow depth in mature karst regions leads to an ecology associated with a soilless and water-scarce surface environment. Many practical problems result from this high permeability, including: (1) scarcity and poor predictability of groundwater supplies; (2) scarcity of surface-water supplies; (3) instability of the ground; (4) leakage of surface reservoirs; and (5) an unreliable waste-disposal environment.
Interest in karst hydrology has increased greatly in the past decade; this interest has resulted in the international exchange of numerous published reports on local areas and on special topical karst problems. Many of these reports have been used by the authors in preparing this paper, which synthesizes results of many workers and focuses attention on: (1) the development of karst features through hydrologic processes; and (2) hydrologic systems of karst terranes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(73)90034-6","usgsCitation":"LeGrand, H.E., and Stringfield, V.T., 1973, Karst hydrology: A review: Journal of Hydrology, v. 20, no. 2, p. 97-120, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(73)90034-6.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"120","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414792,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LeGrand, H. E.","contributorId":54571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeGrand","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stringfield, V. T.","contributorId":72369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stringfield","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70241798,"text":"70241798 - 1973 - Water projects design with inadequate data: Madrid, Spain June 4-9, 1973","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-27T19:26:34.812407","indexId":"70241798","displayToPublicDate":"1973-10-01T14:14:18","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water projects design with inadequate data: Madrid, Spain June 4-9, 1973","docAbstract":"The Symposium on the Design of Water Resources Projects with Inadequate Data drew 300 participants, representing more than 60 countries. The symposium was planned within the framework of the International Hydrological Decade and was convened by Unesco and WMO. Organization of the symposium was carried out by Unesco and the Spanish National Committee for the IHD in cooperation with WMO and the IAHS. These organizations are to be commended for their efforts toward ensuring the success of the symposium. The efforts of the Spanish National Committee, which handled the many local arrangements, are especially appreciated.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/EO054i010p00935","usgsCitation":"James, I.C., 1973, Water projects design with inadequate data: Madrid, Spain June 4-9, 1973: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 54, no. 10, p. 935-937, https://doi.org/10.1029/EO054i010p00935.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"935","endPage":"937","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414784,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Spain","city":"Madrid","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -4.1871958434214775,\n 40.771923696141556\n ],\n [\n -4.1871958434214775,\n 40.16065710816625\n ],\n [\n -3.2646880802895453,\n 40.16065710816625\n ],\n [\n -3.2646880802895453,\n 40.771923696141556\n ],\n [\n -4.1871958434214775,\n 40.771923696141556\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, I. C. II","contributorId":79177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"I.","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70199710,"text":"70199710 - 1973 - Stable isotope and chemical relations during mineralization in the Bodie mining district, Mono County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T10:03:14","indexId":"70199710","displayToPublicDate":"1973-10-01T10:02:24","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotope and chemical relations during mineralization in the Bodie mining district, Mono County, California","docAbstract":"Stable isotope and chemical relations have been determined in a typical epithermal Au-Ag deposit located in the Bodie mining district of California. Analyses were made of altered host rocks, vein minerals, alteration clays, fluid inclusions, modern spring waters, and unaltered rocks of the area.The results indicate that a hydrothermal convection system was set up by the interaction of a cooling shallow intrusion and local meteoric water. The water traveled to depth where it picked up ore constituents and SiO 2 , K, and Rb, without significant shifts in the stable isotope ratios of the water. The altered rocks have equilibrated to various degrees with an ore fluid of constant K/Rb, O 18 /O 16 and D/H ratios. Deposition of ore took place over the approximate temperature range 215 degrees -245 degrees . From C 13 /C 12 ratios of minor calcite, a volcanic source of CO 2 is postulated. The chemical and isotope composition of the ore fluid is strikingly similar to that of modern spring waters in the area.All ore deposition at Bodie took place from essentially isotopically unaltered ground water with delta O 18 = -13ppm and delta D = -98ppm.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.68.6.765","usgsCitation":"O’Neil, J.R., Silberman, M., Fabbi, B., and Chesterman, C.W., 1973, Stable isotope and chemical relations during mineralization in the Bodie mining district, Mono County, California: Economic Geology, v. 68, no. 6, p. 765-784, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.68.6.765.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"765","endPage":"784","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357741,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Mono County","otherGeospatial":"Bodie Mining District","volume":"68","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1973-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":111576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Silberman, M.L.","contributorId":10013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silberman","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fabbi, B.P.","contributorId":208188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fabbi","given":"B.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chesterman, C. W.","contributorId":115850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesterman","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1013757,"text":"1013757 - 1973 - Effect of method of introducing well water on the growth, body chemistry, and incidence of eye abnormalities of juvenile brown and rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-05T16:18:53.59142","indexId":"1013757","displayToPublicDate":"1973-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of method of introducing well water on the growth, body chemistry, and incidence of eye abnormalities of juvenile brown and rainbow trout","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1973)35[187:EOMOIW]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Poston, H.A., Livingston, D., and Hedrick, D., 1973, Effect of method of introducing well water on the growth, body chemistry, and incidence of eye abnormalities of juvenile brown and rainbow trout: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 35, no. 4, p. 187-190, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1973)35[187:EOMOIW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"190","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129269,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62559d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poston, Hugh A.","contributorId":12535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poston","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Livingston, D.L.","contributorId":8041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livingston","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hedrick, D.G.","contributorId":63346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedrick","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156682,"text":"70156682 - 1973 - Tests of rhodamine WT dye for toxicity to oysters and fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-25T17:16:33","indexId":"70156682","displayToPublicDate":"1973-08-25T15:45:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tests of rhodamine WT dye for toxicity to oysters and fish","docAbstract":"Because of the toxicity to oyster larvae and eggs of rhodamine B dye in concentrations greater than 1 mg/l in earlier tests, there was a concern that rhodamine WT, a similar tracer dye, would have a detrimental effect on marine life being developed under the aquaculture program of the Lummi Indian Tribe near Bellingham, Wash. Tests showed that 48-hour exposures at 24° C of 11,000 oyster eggs per liter and 6,000 12-day-old larvae per liter, in sea water with concentrations of rhodamine WT ranging from 1 μg/l to 10 mg/l, resulted in development of the eggs to normal straight-hinge larvae and no abnormalities in the larvae development. Tests made on the smolt of both silver salmon and Donaldson trout, with the fish held for 17.5 hours in a tankfull of sea water with a dye concentration of 10 mg/l at 22°C showed no mortalities or respiratory problems. With the concentration increased to 375 mg/l, and the time extended an additional 3.2 hours, still no mortalities or abnormalities were noted. The fish remained healthy in dye-free water when last checked a month after the test.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Parker, G.G., 1973, Tests of rhodamine WT dye for toxicity to oysters and fish: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 1, no. 4, p. 499-499.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"499","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307485,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307484,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1973/vol1issue4/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd91bfe4b0518e354dd1c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, Garald G. Jr.","contributorId":20310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Garald","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70161907,"text":"70161907 - 1973 - Aquifer diffusivity of the Ohio River alluvial aquifer by the flood-wave response method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-08T18:11:58","indexId":"70161907","displayToPublicDate":"1973-08-01T02:30:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aquifer diffusivity of the Ohio River alluvial aquifer by the flood-wave response method","docAbstract":"Aquifer diffusivity (T/S) was calculated for 10 sites in the alluvial aquifer adjacent to the Ohio River by observing the response of the aquifer to a flood wave in the river. The calculated type curves matched the observed aquifer response reasonably well at eight of the 10 sites. The diffusivities ranged from 0.4 ft2 sec-1 to 10.3 ft2 sec-1 and were generally in agreement with diffusivity values calculated from pump-test methods at two of the sites. Interference from pumping 1/2 mile upstream from one site and localized aquifer inhomogeneity at another site precluded calculation of diffusivity. Determining the shape of the ground-water recession curve may be difficult, but it can be done satisfactorily by collecting water-level data during an extended period of ground-water discharge and transposing the average recession curve to the flood period being analyzed. The flood-wave response method for estimating aquifer diffusivity provides a relatively inexpensive
technique for obtaining a significant part of the data needed to predict the aquifer's response to river and pumping stresses.
Data gathered from monitoring activities and project studies indicate the ubiquitous occurrence and distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in the aquatic environment. Residues have been detected in samples from 19 States, representing nearly every region of the country. Concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 4.0 ug/l in unfiltered water samples and 5.0 to 3,200 ug/kg in bottom sediments. PCB residues were also found in fish and aquatic plants. Samples were prepared by the same techniques used for general chlorinated insecticide detection, with special attention to cleanup and separation of PCB's from other compounds. Basic identification and quantification were made by dual-column electron-capture gas chromatography and confirmed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry whenever possible. The sampling program is expected to be broadened geographically in 1973 and increased in successive years in order to more adequately define the distribution of PCB residues in the major drainage basins of the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Crump-Wiesner, H.J., Feltz, H.R., and Yates, M.L., 1973, A study of the distribution of the polychlorinated biphenyls in the aquatic environment: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 1, no. 5, p. 603-607.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"603","endPage":"607","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314067,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314066,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1973/vol1issue5/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"19.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"1","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5690ebc4e4b09c7f9a218bcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crump-Wiesner, Hans J.","contributorId":58017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crump-Wiesner","given":"Hans","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feltz, Herman R.","contributorId":49104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feltz","given":"Herman","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yates, Marvin L.","contributorId":24840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70161870,"text":"70161870 - 1973 - Soda Creek springs - metamorphic waters in the eastern Alaska Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-07T19:08:52","indexId":"70161870","displayToPublicDate":"1973-08-01T01:15:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soda Creek springs - metamorphic waters in the eastern Alaska Range","docAbstract":"The Soda Creek springs are a group of small, cold mineral springs on the southern flank of the eastern Alaska Range. The spring waters contain anomalous concentrations of carbon dioxide, sodium, chlorine, sulfate, boron, and ammonia and are actively precipitating deposits of calcite and aragonite. Sparingly present in these deposits are mixed-layer illite-montmorillonite clays and zeolite minerals. Low-temperature
metamorphic reactions in subjacent marine sedimentary rocks of Jurassic and Cretaceous age may have produced the fluids and silicate minerals. With only a few exceptions, cool bicarbonate-rich springs in Alaska are concentrated south of the Denali fault system in south-central Alaska, southeastern Alaska, and along the Kaltag-Tintina fault system. These areas are characterized by active or recently active
tectonism, major faults and folds, and an abundance of marine sedimentary rocks.
The sheetlike solution cavities that supply water to most wells in central Tennessee are 100 to 2,500 feet wide and less than 0.2 inch high. These dimensions have a scale similar to those in Hele-Shaw models. Both logical and mathematical evidence indicate laminar ground-water flow, except close to pumping wells. The Theis nonequilibrium formula may be used to analyze aquifer-test data and to calculate significant values for transmissivity and storage. The Navier-Stokes equation and the Darcy equation for steady-state conditions may be used to estimate cavity dimensions.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1973.tb02976.x","usgsCitation":"Moore, G.K., 1973, Hydraulics of sheetlike solution cavities: Groundwater, v. 11, no. 4, p. 4-11, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1973.tb02976.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414793,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Gerald K.","contributorId":14377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70181759,"text":"70181759 - 1973 - Ground water and geology of Baraga County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T13:44:57","indexId":"70181759","displayToPublicDate":"1973-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":142,"text":"Water Investigation","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"11","title":"Ground water and geology of Baraga County, Michigan","docAbstract":"Most wells In Baraga County obtain water from beds of sand and gravel in morainal and lakebed deposits or from the Jacobsville Sandstone. Yields of wells range from a few to as much as 115 gallons per minute, but most wells probably yield less than 10 gpm. Large areas, where igneous and metamorphic rocks crop out or are covered only by thin drift, are unfavorable for obtaining enough ground water for even a domestic supply. Quality of water from most wells is satisfactory, although most water supplies are hard and some are high in iron content. Some of the deeper wells in the Jacobsville Sandstone may yield salty water. Most large public water supplies are obtained from Lake Superior, but some smaller supplies are obtained from wells and springs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Michigan Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","usgsCitation":"Doonan, C.J., and Byerlay, J., 1973, Ground water and geology of Baraga County, Michigan: Water Investigation 11, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335240,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335239,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/GIMDL-WI11_216293_7.PDF","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Baraga County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-88.4511,46.9393],[-88.4559,46.9236],[-88.4628,46.9089],[-88.4666,46.9029],[-88.4754,46.8862],[-88.4786,46.8614],[-88.4771,46.855],[-88.4777,46.8522],[-88.4831,46.8328],[-88.4809,46.8251],[-88.4747,46.8201],[-88.4689,46.8018],[-88.4638,46.7877],[-88.4644,46.7849],[-88.4657,46.7849],[-88.4683,46.7817],[-88.4796,46.7843],[-88.4816,46.7829],[-88.4841,46.7778],[-88.4905,46.7708],[-88.4943,46.7662],[-88.4962,46.7638],[-88.4954,46.7588],[-88.4887,46.7552],[-88.488,46.7548],[-88.4787,46.7526],[-88.4714,46.7532],[-88.4577,46.7589],[-88.4532,46.7654],[-88.4495,46.7751],[-88.4355,46.7941],[-88.4271,46.802],[-88.4194,46.8094],[-88.4019,46.823],[-88.3948,46.8309],[-88.387,46.836],[-88.3838,46.8402],[-88.3846,46.8434],[-88.3887,46.8484],[-88.3961,46.8515],[-88.404,46.8491],[-88.4041,46.8519],[-88.4041,46.8532],[-88.4035,46.8555],[-88.3983,46.8588],[-88.3957,46.8607],[-88.3912,46.8658],[-88.3774,46.8729],[-88.3741,46.8729],[-88.3734,46.8711],[-88.3772,46.8646],[-88.3758,46.8614],[-88.3704,46.8592],[-88.3564,46.8562],[-88.3512,46.859],[-88.3421,46.8669],[-88.333,46.8735],[-88.3004,46.8959],[-88.2972,46.8983],[-88.269,46.9115],[-88.2566,46.9217],[-88.2501,46.9264],[-88.2436,46.9306],[-88.2252,46.9378],[-88.2087,46.9421],[-88.1994,46.945],[-88.193,46.9515],[-88.1851,46.9552],[-88.1725,46.9577],[-88.1679,46.9591],[-88.1594,46.9634],[-88.1574,46.9643],[-88.1501,46.9658],[-88.1435,46.9672],[-88.1361,46.9641],[-88.1308,46.9637],[-88.1308,46.9623],[-88.1433,46.9571],[-88.1452,46.953],[-88.1529,46.9428],[-88.1607,46.9376],[-88.1633,46.9358],[-88.1724,46.9288],[-88.179,46.9241],[-88.2059,46.9109],[-88.2262,46.9019],[-88.2314,46.8982],[-88.2379,46.8908],[-88.2443,46.8829],[-88.2488,46.8773],[-88.2525,46.8681],[-88.2578,46.8653],[-88.2603,46.8602],[-88.2634,46.8528],[-88.2647,46.8501],[-88.2717,46.8399],[-88.2782,46.8361],[-88.2828,46.8324],[-88.2867,46.8305],[-88.2924,46.8217],[-88.293,46.8189],[-88.2825,46.8241],[-88.276,46.8279],[-88.2682,46.8316],[-88.2585,46.841],[-88.2519,46.8429],[-88.2488,46.853],[-88.2463,46.859],[-88.2367,46.8706],[-88.2203,46.8804],[-88.2125,46.8856],[-88.214,46.8929],[-88.2108,46.8957],[-88.2055,46.8967],[-88.1995,46.8954],[-88.1982,46.8963],[-88.1983,46.9],[-88.1871,46.9047],[-88.1739,46.9072],[-88.1719,46.9067],[-88.1599,46.9069],[-88.1473,46.908],[-88.1394,46.9081],[-88.1156,46.9138],[-88.0985,46.9182],[-88.0905,46.9196],[-88.0766,46.9207],[-88.0633,46.9186],[-88.0586,46.9163],[-88.0459,46.9123],[-88.0464,46.7655],[-87.9921,46.7652],[-87.9919,46.7299],[-87.9918,46.7225],[-87.9921,46.6785],[-88.045,46.6788],[-88.0563,46.6791],[-88.1185,46.6793],[-88.1182,46.5042],[-88.1174,46.4194],[-88.2427,46.4197],[-88.3672,46.4194],[-88.6164,46.419],[-88.6816,46.4189],[-88.6799,46.5473],[-88.6797,46.5624],[-88.6794,46.5909],[-88.6796,46.6367],[-88.6797,46.6395],[-88.6798,46.7643],[-88.682,46.8505],[-88.5527,46.8529],[-88.5521,46.9388],[-88.4511,46.9393]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Baraga\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a2d3c4e4b0c82512869a48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doonan, C. J.","contributorId":62592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doonan","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byerlay, J.R.","contributorId":181508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byerlay","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70241585,"text":"70241585 - 1973 - Origin of andesitic and granitic magmas in the northern Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-23T19:15:37.911621","indexId":"70241585","displayToPublicDate":"1973-06-01T14:09:26","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of andesitic and granitic magmas in the northern Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"The early magmas of the northern Sierra Nevada, calc-alkaline andesite of island-arc type and its derivatives, all low in potassium, were generated during the Devonian(?) period, possibly along an eastward-dipping sub-duction zone. These magmas could have been derived from mantle peridotite of the continental plate by introduction of water from the descending oceanic plate. Later, during the Permian(?) period, the magmas became basaltic, with potassium-rich silicic derivatives indicating anhydrous conditions and a deeper level of magma generation. Plutonism began in Jurassic time, at the end of a period of intense deformation and metamorphism. The earliest intrusive rocks are gabbro and diorite. At the end of the Jurassic period, large granitic plutons were emplaced. These grade from hornblende quartz diorite at the borders to monzotonalite at the centers. Trondhjemite occurs as the latest product of crystallization differentiation of plutonic magmas. Exchange of elements between plutonic and metamorphic rocks suggests that the plutonic magmas were composite. The partial melts of the downfolded volcanic and sedimentary rocks were modified by partial melts from the mantle and the subducted oceanic lithosphere below. Relative amounts of material contributed by each of the three sources of plutonic magma changed with time, and these changes, along with differentiation processes, were responsible for the diversity in composition of magmas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<2111:OOAAGM>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hietanen, A., 1973, Origin of andesitic and granitic magmas in the northern Sierra Nevada, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, no. 6, p. 2111-2118, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<2111:OOAAGM>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2111","endPage":"2118","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414647,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.34922812220827,\n 39.01246631701153\n ],\n [\n -121.01117322043225,\n 38.666546657135\n ],\n [\n -120.03677968001867,\n 38.816479466197535\n ],\n [\n -119.99700851510377,\n 39.00216471562018\n ],\n [\n -120.0235226250469,\n 39.84190368534905\n ],\n [\n -120.12295053733394,\n 40.12632294197442\n ],\n [\n -120.22900697710688,\n 40.37926736512091\n ],\n [\n -120.40797721922371,\n 40.65641341470604\n ],\n [\n -120.76591770345738,\n 40.90736947457003\n ],\n [\n -121.44202750700943,\n 41.08747041294211\n ],\n [\n -121.99219528833132,\n 40.7870289012165\n ],\n [\n -122.08499467313288,\n 40.1921794318817\n ],\n [\n -121.56134100175413,\n 39.54607952185563\n ],\n [\n -121.34922812220827,\n 39.01246631701153\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hietanen, Anna","contributorId":43841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hietanen","given":"Anna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70241831,"text":"70241831 - 1973 - Petrogenesis of the Superstition-Superior volcanic area as inferred from strontium- and oxygen-isotope studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-28T17:27:34.017506","indexId":"70241831","displayToPublicDate":"1973-06-01T12:19:30","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrogenesis of the Superstition-Superior volcanic area as inferred from strontium- and oxygen-isotope studies","docAbstract":"Apparent initial Sr87/Sr86 ratios of five ash-flow tuffs (0.7063 to 0.7139) and several mafic to silicic lavas (0.7055 to 0.7131) indicate that the magmas were derived below the base of the Precambrian granitic crust (0.7231 to 1.0906). Liquidus compositions in the system Q-Or-Ab-H2O and oxygen-isotope geother-mometry suggest that the silicic magmas started to crystallize quartz, magnetite, and two feldspars in a water-undersaturated environment of high pressure (∼10 kb) and moderate temperature of at least 830°C.
During or after ascent into the crust, the magmas underwent varying degrees of crystal-melt re-equilibration. Measured plagioclase-biotite O18 fractionations (0.5 to 0.7) imply a temperature that is too high for the observed mineral assemblage, and the inference is that the two minerals did not crystallize in equilibrium. Prior to eruption, the upper part of the magma column assimilated crustal Sr such that the base of each ash flow is now enriched in Sr87. In some cases, this assimilation was too rapid to allow crystal-melt equilibration of Sr isotopes. δO18 values for the magmas are within the range typical of similar magma types, indicating that no significant interaction took place between the melts and meteoric water; however, some rocks have exchanged oxygen isotopes with meteoric water at low temperatures after eruption.
Some of the magma appears to have had a long residence in the crust at lower pressure (1 kb) and temperature (750°C), because two of the ash-flow tuffs and one lava are greatly enriched in Sr87 and have largely re-equilibrated under the P-T conditions of a shallow magma chamber. Even these, however, have retained evidence for a multistage genesis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<1987:POTSVA>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Stuckless, J.S., and O’Neil, J.R., 1973, Petrogenesis of the Superstition-Superior volcanic area as inferred from strontium- and oxygen-isotope studies: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, no. 6, p. 1987-1997, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<1987:POTSVA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1987","endPage":"1997","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414836,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuckless, John S. 0000-0002-7536-0444 jstuckless@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-0444","contributorId":4974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"John","email":"jstuckless@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neil, James R.","contributorId":70762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70241227,"text":"70241227 - 1973 - Phase relations of basalts in their melting range at PH2O = 5 kb as a function of oxygen fugacity: Part I. Mafic phases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-15T14:39:41.796169","indexId":"70241227","displayToPublicDate":"1973-06-01T09:33:50","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Phase relations of basalts in their melting range at PH2O = 5 kb as a function of oxygen fugacity: Part I. Mafic phases","title":"Phase relations of basalts in their melting range at PH2O = 5 kb as a function of oxygen fugacity: Part I. Mafic phases","docAbstract":"The phase relations of three basalts, the Picture Gorge tholeiite, the 1921 Kilauea olivine tholeiite, and the 1801 Hualalai alkali basalt, were studied at 5 kb water pressure, 680–1000°C, at the oxygen fugacities of the quartz-fayalite-magnetite (QFM) and hematite-magnetite (HM) buffers.
In the range 680–850 °C, the crystalline assemblage on the QFM buffer is dominantly hornblende+ plagioclase, ± ilmenite, magnetite, sphene, fayalitic olivine, and phlogopitic mica. From 875 to 1000 °C the crystalline assemblage is hornblende+ olivine± augite+ ilmenite± magnetite. A melt phase is present from 700 to 1000 °C; a vapor phase was present in all charges.
The hornblendes formed on the QFM buffer range in composition from common green hornblendes at low temperatures to kaersutitic hornblendes at 1000 °C. A1(IV) and Ti increase temperature. AI(VI) passes through a maximum near 825 °C, decreasing both above and below this temperature. AI(IV) is proportional to the sum A1(VI)+2Ti. There is a positive linear correlation of approximately 3 : 1 between AI(IV) and the number of cations in the A-site. The most likely explanation for this correlation at present is that the substitution of AI(VI) or Ti+4for a divalent cation creates local charge imbalances in the amphibole structure which can be compensated only by further A-site substitution. There also appears to be a correlation between the a-cell dimension of hornblende and the A-site occupancy. Above a thresh hold value of approxmately 0.5 cations in A, a increases as A-site occupancy increases.
Phase relations on the hematite-magnetite buffer are considerably simpler. The hornblendes show relatively little change in composition as temperature increases, and in the tholelitic compositions break down at or below 970 °C 35–60 °C above the first appearance of augite±olivine. The melting of hornblende is incongruent in all cases. The Fe-Ti oxides are pseudo-brookite and titanohematite; at 1000 °C these oxides make up 10 per cent by weight of the assemblage and contain most of the Tio2 and FeO in the charge.
The patterns of hornblende variation observed in this study compare closely with those reported in a wide range of experimental and field data. The appearance of high-TiO2 kaersutitic hornblendes in the tholeities at 1000° C, PH2O= 5 kb on the QFM buffer implies that the restricted occurence of kaersutite in nature (where it is associated only with mafic to intermediate alkalic rocks) is controlled by volatile content (H2O,F2)rather than by differences in condensed bulk composition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/14.2.249","usgsCitation":"Helz, R., 1973, Phase relations of basalts in their melting range at PH2O = 5 kb as a function of oxygen fugacity: Part I. Mafic phases: Journal of Petrology, v. 14, no. 2, p. 249-302, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/14.2.249.","productDescription":"54 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"302","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414222,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helz, Rosalind Tuthill 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":16806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind Tuthill","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70236457,"text":"70236457 - 1973 - Mapping of the 1973 Mississippi River floods from the Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-07T14:02:16.358177","indexId":"70236457","displayToPublicDate":"1973-06-01T08:51:03","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mapping of the 1973 Mississippi River floods from the Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS)","docAbstract":"On March 31, and May 4 and 5, 1973, the first Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS-1) obtained multispectral scanner imagery over the Mississippi River below St. Louis, Missouri. The river was in flood, and the ERTS data provided the first opportunity for regional synoptic mapping of the extent of flooding at the time the imagery was obtained along a 1200 river-mile reach and some of its tributaries. The flood data were compared with imagery collected by ERTS on October 1 and 2, 1972, when the rivers were confined to their normal channels. The specially processed data were analyzed by additive-color techniques, and special enhancements were prepared to aid in interpretation of the data. The extent of flooding was delineated by additive-color, temporal composites of MSS band 7 infrared images. The temporal composites vividly depict, on a single scene, the flooded areas in relation to the normal channel. Color composites of the two near-infrared bands, which usually accentuate surface water, were enlarged to a scale of 1:250,000. Excellent registration was obtained between the image and transparencies of the 1:250,000 topographic maps used as overlays. The resulting image maps were then used as an interim product for preparation of maps showing the extent of flooding at the same scale.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote sensing and water resources management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","usgsCitation":"Deutsch, M., Ruggles, F.H., Guss, P., and Yost, E., 1973, Mapping of the 1973 Mississippi River floods from the Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS), in Remote sensing and water resources management, p. 39-55.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"55","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406303,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River-Ohio River confluence","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.06591796875,\n 35.33529320309328\n ],\n [\n -88.65966796875,\n 35.33529320309328\n ],\n [\n -88.65966796875,\n 37.75334401310656\n ],\n [\n -90.06591796875,\n 37.75334401310656\n ],\n [\n -90.06591796875,\n 35.33529320309328\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deutsch, Morris","contributorId":69119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deutsch","given":"Morris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruggles, F. H.","contributorId":105805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggles","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guss, Philip","contributorId":296268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guss","given":"Philip","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yost, Edward","contributorId":296269,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yost","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175765,"text":"70175765 - 1973 - Flooded area of Stillwater, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T11:29:39","indexId":"70175765","displayToPublicDate":"1973-05-14T10:15:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Flooded area of Stillwater, Minnesota","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/70175765","usgsCitation":"Saboe, C., 1973, Flooded area of Stillwater, Minnesota: Open-File Report, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70175765.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326890,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82db7e4b03fd6b7da36ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saboe, C.W.","contributorId":51837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saboe","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70241915,"text":"70241915 - 1973 - Antarctic icebergs as a fresh water resource","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-30T16:58:27.216648","indexId":"70241915","displayToPublicDate":"1973-05-01T11:46:18","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3095,"text":"Polar Record","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Antarctic icebergs as a fresh water resource","docAbstract":"In a recent study (Weeks and Campbell, in press), we made a rather complete examination of the idea that icebergs could advantageously be used as a source of fresh water. The origin of the general idea of transporting icebergs is obscure; it may date from the 1850's when ice was transported from Alaska to California as a commercial venture. The current revival of the idea, in particular as applied to the water problems of southern California, can be credited to John Issacs of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography (Burt, 1956). However no critical evaluation was ever published. We initially undertook the present study because our intuition “told” us that the idea was untenable and we thought that we could easily prove that this was the case, thereby laying the idea to rest. Our intuition proved to be wrong and we now believe that the idea is, indeed, highly attractive when applied to certain locations in the Southern Hemisphere. This note briefly outlines our approach to analyzing the problem and our results.
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