Species status assessments are used to inform U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decision making for Endangered Species Act (ESA) classification decisions, recovery planning, and more. The large number of species that require assessment and uncertainty in the data available impede the process of assigning and completing the assessments, which makes creating a multiyear work plan extremely difficult. An optimized triaging system that maximizes the use of the best available information while managing the complex ESA workload and meeting deadlines is necessary. We used a structured decision-making framework to approach the problem with the goal of creating a prioritization tool that would be effective at scheduling assessments, given the best information available and priorities of the USFWS. We collected data on the species awaiting assessment and developed a value function that incorporates existing deadlines, taxonomic uncertainty, controversy of the species, and population and habitat data availability and quality. We used a constrained linear optimization algorithm to maximize the value function and ensure that workload capacity was not exceeded. A comparison of model scenarios indicates that imposed deadlines impact the model more than capacity constraints. Additionally, differential weighting of the metrics significantly affected the outcome of the model. In the future, elicitation of metric weights should be done routinely before the model is run for use in official planning to ensure alignment with current USFWS priorities. Output from this optimization can be used to inform a five-year work plan, allocate resources, and discuss workforce decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Informs","doi":"10.1287/deca.2023.0026","usgsCitation":"Goode, A.B., Rivenbark, E., Gilbert, J.A., and McGowan, C., 2023, Prioritization of species status assessments for decision support: Decision Analysis, v. 20, no. 4, p. 311-325, https://doi.org/10.1287/deca.2023.0026.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"325","ipdsId":"IP-151407","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":432041,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goode, Ashley B.C.","contributorId":332463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goode","given":"Ashley","middleInitial":"B.C.","affiliations":[{"id":33268,"text":"USDA-ARS Aquatic Weed Research Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rivenbark, Erin","contributorId":340546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rivenbark","given":"Erin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilbert, Jessica A.","contributorId":340547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGowan, Conor P. 0000-0002-7330-9581 cmcgowan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7330-9581","contributorId":3381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGowan","given":"Conor P.","email":"cmcgowan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":907352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70248680,"text":"70248680 - 2023 - A synergistic future for AI and ecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-18T14:17:54.235709","indexId":"70248680","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-11T09:13:26","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3164,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A synergistic future for AI and ecology","docAbstract":"Research in both ecology and AI strives for predictive understanding of complex systems, where nonlinearities arise from multidimensional interactions and feedbacks across multiple scales. After a century of independent, asynchronous advances in computational and ecological research, we foresee a critical need for intentional synergy to meet current societal challenges against the backdrop of global change. These challenges include understanding the unpredictability of systems-level phenomena and resilience dynamics on a rapidly changing planet. Here, we spotlight both the promise and the urgency of a convergence research paradigm between ecology and AI. Ecological systems are a challenge to fully and holistically model, even using the most prominent AI technique today: deep neural networks. Moreover, ecological systems have emergent and resilient behaviors that may inspire new, robust AI architectures and methodologies. We share examples of how challenges in ecological systems modeling would benefit from advances in AI techniques that are themselves inspired by the systems they seek to model. Both fields have inspired each other, albeit indirectly, in an evolution toward this convergence. We emphasize the need for more purposeful synergy to accelerate the understanding of ecological resilience whilst building the resilience currently lacking in modern AI systems, which have been shown to fail at times because of poor generalization in different contexts. Persistent epistemic barriers would benefit from attention in both disciplines. The implications of a successful convergence go beyond advancing ecological disciplines or achieving an artificial general intelligence—they are critical for both persisting and thriving in an uncertain future.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2220283120","usgsCitation":"Han, B.A., Varshney, K.R., LaDeau, S.L., Subramaniam, A., Weathers, K.C., and Zwart, J.A., 2023, A synergistic future for AI and ecology: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 120, no. 38, 2220283120, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2220283120.","productDescription":"2220283120, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-151656","costCenters":[{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2220283120","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":420890,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Han, Barbara A. 0000-0002-9948-3078","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9948-3078","contributorId":329744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Han","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36248,"text":"Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Varshney, Kush R.","contributorId":329746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Varshney","given":"Kush","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":78709,"text":"IBM Research - T. J. Watson Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LaDeau, Shannon L.","contributorId":172640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaDeau","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":883189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Subramaniam, Ajit 0000-0003-1316-5827","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1316-5827","contributorId":329748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Subramaniam","given":"Ajit","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7171,"text":"Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weathers, Kathleen C.","contributorId":202417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weathers","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36424,"text":"Cary Institute of Ecosystems Studies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zwart, Jacob Aaron 0000-0002-3870-405X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3870-405X","contributorId":237809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zwart","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"Aaron","affiliations":[{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70248917,"text":"70248917 - 2023 - The diversity of volcanic hazard maps around the world: Insights from map makers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-26T11:43:01.626685","indexId":"70248917","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-11T06:41:16","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3841,"text":"Journal of Applied Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The diversity of volcanic hazard maps around the world: Insights from map makers","docAbstract":"The IAVCEI Working Group on Hazard Mapping has been active since 2014 and has facilitated several activities to enable sharing of experiences of how volcanic hazard maps are developed and used around the world. One key activity was a global survey of 90 map makers and practitioners to collect data about official, published volcanic hazard maps and how they were developed. The survey asked questions about map content, design, and input data, as well as about the map development process and key lessons learned. Here we present the results of this global survey, which are then used to quantitatively describe and summarise current practices in volcanic hazard map development.
We received entries related to 89 volcanic hazard maps (78% long-term/background maps and 22% short-term/crisis hazard maps), covering a total of 80 volcanoes across 28 countries. Although most maps captured in the survey are volcano-scale maps of stratovolcanoes that show similar types of content, such as primary hazard footprints or zones, they vary greatly in input data, communication style, format, appearance, scale, content, and visual design. This diversity stems from a range of factors, including differences in map purpose, the methodology used, the level of understanding of past eruptive history, the prevailing scientific and cartographic practice at the time, the state of volcanic activity, and variations in culture, national map standards and legal requirements.
Experiences and lessons shared by our respondents can be divided into six main themes: map design considerations; the process of map development; map audience and map user needs; hazard assessment approach; map availability and accessibility; and external (e.g., political) influences. Insights shared included the importance of: visual design elements, map testing and evaluation, working with stakeholders and end users to improve a map’s efficacy and relevance, and considering possible unanticipated uses of hazard maps. These free-form text insights (i.e., responses to open-ended questions) from map makers and practitioners familiar with the maps lend depth and clarity to our results. They provide a rich complement to our more quantitative analysis of design elements and of approaches used to determine and delineate map zones.
Results from our global survey of hazard map makers and practitioners, together with insights from other key initiatives of the Working Group on Hazard Mapping such as the Volcanic Hazard Maps Database (VHMD; https://volcanichazardmaps.org/), provide a snapshot of the wide variety of volcanic hazard maps generated over the past decades, and improve our understanding of the diversity across volcanic hazard mapping practices. These initiatives represent important steps towards fulfilling the aims of the Working Group, namely, to construct a framework for a classification scheme for volcanic hazard maps and to promote harmonized terminology, as well as to identify and categorise good practices and considerations for volcanic hazard mapping.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s13617-023-00134-5","usgsCitation":"Lindsay, J., Charlton, D., Clive, M.A., Bertin, D., Ogburn, S.E., Wright, H.M., Ewert, J., Calder, E.S., and Steinke, B., 2023, The diversity of volcanic hazard maps around the world: Insights from map makers: Journal of Applied Volcanology, v. 12, 8, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s13617-023-00134-5.","productDescription":"8, 26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-152936","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13617-023-00134-5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":421158,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindsay, Jan 0000-0002-8591-3399","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8591-3399","contributorId":302369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindsay","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38833,"text":"University of Auckland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charlton, Danielle 0000-0002-7837-514X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7837-514X","contributorId":302366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Charlton","given":"Danielle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36277,"text":"GNS Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clive, Mary Ann T.","contributorId":330167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clive","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann T.","affiliations":[{"id":78832,"text":"Waipapa Taumata Rau University of Auckland; GNS Science Te Pū Ao, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bertin, Daniel","contributorId":173512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bertin","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27236,"text":"SERNAGEOMIN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ogburn, Sarah E. 0000-0002-4734-2118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4734-2118","contributorId":204751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogburn","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":884199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wright, Heather M. 0000-0001-9013-507X hwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9013-507X","contributorId":3949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Heather","email":"hwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":884200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ewert, John W. 0000-0003-2819-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2819-4057","contributorId":204745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewert","given":"John W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":884201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Calder, Eliza S. 0000-0002-1644-2087","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1644-2087","contributorId":302368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calder","given":"Eliza","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":25497,"text":"University of Edinburgh","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Steinke, Bastian","contributorId":330168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steinke","given":"Bastian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78834,"text":"Waipapa Taumata Rau University of Auckland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70249497,"text":"70249497 - 2023 - Shallow fault slip of the 2020 M5.1 Sparta, North Carolina, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-07T16:18:22.677501","indexId":"70249497","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-11T06:36:56","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow fault slip of the 2020 M5.1 Sparta, North Carolina, earthquake","docAbstract":"The 2020 M 5.1 Sparta, North Carolina, earthquake is the largest in the eastern United States since the 2011 M 5.8 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake and produced a ∼2.5‐km‐long surface rupture, unusual for an event of this magnitude. A geological field study conducted soon after the event indicates oblique slip along a east‐southeast‐trending fault with a consistently observed thrust component. My analysis of regional seismic waveforms, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, and Global Positioning System survey data yields a compact shallow rupture extending from Earth’s surface down‐dip to the southwest over a ∼3 km fault length. The inferred kinematic rupture is primarily toward the up‐dip and eastward along‐strike directions and has predominantly thrust motion in the west, transitioning to roughly equal thrust and left‐lateral strike‐slip motion in the east. No normal faulting component, as proposed in an earlier geophysical study, is necessary to explain the data. The prevalence of only dip‐slip motions observed at Earth’s surface may demand slip partitioning between dip slip and lateral motions at depth.
Though the importance of Earth's internal climate modes such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) to regional-scale climate variability is well recognized, the degree to which these oscillations are reflected by spatio-temporal salinity variability over interannual timescales in estuaries is less understood. Here an 11-year continuous salinity monitoring dataset spanning 223 stations across Louisiana's coastal wetlands along the northern Gulf of Mexico is examined with empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to identify dominant modes of interannual variability in the salinity field. The first EOF mode accounts for 72% of the variance in the salinity field and captures a domain-wide pattern where salinities vary in-phase through space in response to local precipitation anomalies occurring in the vicinity of the study area. This local precipitation anomaly is positively correlated with ENSO (Nino3.4 index), consistent with the El Niño – wet (La Niña – dry) precipitation teleconnection that is prevalent throughout the northern Gulf of Mexico coast. The second EOF mode, which accounts for 13% of the variance in the salinity field, is expressed primarily in the marshes across the lower reaches of the Mississippi River deltaic plain (MRDP). EOF2 is anticorrelated with annual Mississippi River discharge anomaly such that salinities in the lower MRDP decrease as discharge increases, pointing to enhanced advection of fresh river plume waters over the shelf into the estuary via estuary-ocean exchange during years of anomalously high river discharge. Mississippi River discharge anomaly is positively correlated with the NAO at a one-year time lag, through a teleconnection with precipitation throughout much of the central region of the Mississippi River drainage basin. Together, these findings indicate that most of the interannual salinity variability across Louisiana's coastal wetlands can be linked to climate variability through teleconnections with precipitation. Incorporating these dynamics into restoration planning, monitoring, and adaptive management efforts may help constrain background environmental variation and better isolate restoration effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2023.108487","usgsCitation":"Snedden, G., 2023, ENSO and NAO linkages to interannual salinity variability in north central Gulf of Mexico estuaries through teleconnections with precipitation: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 293, 108487, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2023.108487.","productDescription":"108487, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-140302","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420905,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.7941680074912,\n 30.932276934300717\n ],\n [\n -93.76673369766087,\n 30.932276934300717\n ],\n [\n -93.76673369766087,\n 28.810632610138626\n ],\n [\n -89.7941680074912,\n 28.810632610138626\n ],\n [\n -89.7941680074912,\n 30.932276934300717\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"293","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snedden, Gregg 0000-0001-7821-3709","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7821-3709","contributorId":216669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snedden","given":"Gregg","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70250117,"text":"70250117 - 2023 - A reference genome assembly for the continentally distributed ring-necked snake, Diadophis punctatus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-21T12:59:31.395869","indexId":"70250117","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-09T06:58:04","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2333,"text":"Journal of Heredity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A reference genome assembly for the continentally distributed ring-necked snake, Diadophis punctatus","docAbstract":"Snakes in the family Colubridae include more than 2,000 currently recognized species, and comprise roughly 75% of the global snake species diversity on Earth. For such a spectacular radiation, colubrid snakes remain poorly understood ecologically and genetically. Two subfamilies, Colubrinae (788 species) and Dipsadinae (833 species), comprise the bulk of colubrid species richness. Dipsadines are a speciose and diverse group of snakes that largely inhabit Central and South America, with a handful of small-body-size genera that have invaded North America. Among them, the ring-necked snake, Diadophis punctatus, has an incredibly broad distribution with 14 subspecies. Given its continental distribution and high degree of variation in coloration, diet, feeding ecology, and behavior, the ring-necked snake is an excellent species for the study of genetic diversity and trait evolution. Within California, six subspecies form a continuously distributed “ring species” around the Central Valley, while a seventh, the regal ring-necked snake, Diadophis punctatus regalis is a disjunct outlier and Species of Special Concern in the state. Here, we report a new reference genome assembly for the San Diego ring-necked snake, D. p. similis, as part of the California Conservation Genomics Project. This assembly comprises a total of 444 scaffolds spanning 1,783 Mb and has a contig N50 of 8.0 Mb, scaffold N50 of 83 Mb, and BUSCO completeness score of 94.5%. This reference genome will be a valuable resource for studies of the taxonomy, conservation, and evolution of the ring-necked snake across its broad, continental distribution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jhered/esad051","usgsCitation":"Westeen, E.P., Escalona, M., Beraut, E., Marimuthu, M.P., Nguyen, O., Fisher, R., Toffelmier, E., Shaffer, H., and Wang, I.J., 2023, A reference genome assembly for the continentally distributed ring-necked snake, Diadophis punctatus: Journal of Heredity, v. 114, no. 6, p. 690-697, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esad051.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"690","endPage":"697","ipdsId":"IP-153899","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esad051","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":422780,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westeen, Erin P.","contributorId":316610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westeen","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Escalona, Merly","contributorId":299346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Escalona","given":"Merly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beraut, Eric","contributorId":299352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beraut","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marimuthu, Mohan P. A.","contributorId":299347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marimuthu","given":"Mohan","email":"","middleInitial":"P. A.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nguyen, Oanh","contributorId":299348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nguyen","given":"Oanh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":888435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Toffelmier, Erin","contributorId":299356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toffelmier","given":"Erin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12763,"text":"University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shaffer, H. Bradley","contributorId":247762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaffer","given":"H. Bradley","affiliations":[{"id":12763,"text":"University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wang, Ian J.","contributorId":315485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70252983,"text":"70252983 - 2023 - a-positive: A robust estimator of the earthquake rate in incomplete or saturated catalogs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-15T11:30:46.628935","indexId":"70252983","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-09T06:28:26","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7501,"text":"JGR Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"a-positive: A robust estimator of the earthquake rate in incomplete or saturated catalogs","docAbstract":"Detection thresholds in earthquake catalogs frequently change in time due to station coverage improvements and network saturation effects during active periods such as mainshock-aftershock cascades. This presents a challenge to seismicity-rate estimation; there is a tradeoff between using as low a minimum magnitude as possible to maximize data while not undercounting the rate due to catalog incompleteness. Here we present a simple method, “a-positive,” which makes use of differential statistics to robustly estimate the seismicity rate in catalogs with time-varying detection thresholds. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this method for a centuries-long, hybrid earthquake catalog with both historical and instrumentally-detected earthquakes in the Central and Eastern U.S., as well as for the 2019 Ridgecrest aftershock sequence in California, which has rapid changes in completeness due to network saturation. We find that the a-positive method leads to more precise and less biased estimates of seismicity rate than traditional methods. In addition, with our improved estimate of earthquake rate early in the aftershock cascade, we find no evidence of rate-saturation at short times from the mainshock; that is, the Omori c-value is not distinguishable from zero.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Clathrate Hydrate Properties Project, active from 1993 to 2022 in Menlo Park, California, stemmed from an earlier project on the properties of planetary ices supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA’s) Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program. We took a material science approach in both projects, emphasizing chemical purity of samples, having controlled grain size and grain texture, and having verified crystal structures and phase relations. A foundational contribution from our USGS Gas Hydrate Properties Laboratory (GHPL) was in demonstrating the ability to reproducibly create such pure clathrate hydrate samples for study. Clathrate sample synthesis was achieved by heating sieved and weighed pure granular water ice in the presence of cold clathrate-forming gas or liquid. During heating, the ice melts at the grain scale and reacts with the gas to form clathrate. The resulting material has the desired uniformity and purity, with known intergranular porosity; our subsequent measurements showed that these clathrates exhibited the established clathrate structures and phase relations. This novel synthesis method was successful in creating clathrates of pure methane, ethane, propane, carbon dioxide, and multi-component gases. By mixing sand or silt with granular ice, we were also able to make clathrate-sediment aggregates with controlled grain textures. This simple method, adopted by many others in the community, permitted us to measure the physical and chemical properties of well-characterized and well-crystallized clathrates and clathrate/sediment aggregates. At about the same time, we adapted conventional scanning electron microscopy to cryogenic conditions for analysis of grain-scale characteristics of clathrates made in the GHPL as well as those collected from nature by drill core. The uniformity and reproducibility of our samples also allowed us to investigate how clathrates respond to environmental changes in chemistry, temperature, and pressure: we measured chemical exchange rates with dissolved gas species—such as noble gases and chlorofluorocarbons—as well as rates of clathrate dissolution and decomposition. These advances include the first accurate mapping of the conditions that promote the remarkable process of “anomalous preservation” at room pressure, a metastability that offers potential application for low-cost and safe transportation of natural gas from gas fields far from pipelines.
Another advancement stemming from the GHPL was the compaction of as-synthesized porous clathrates to nearly full density by applying external pressure using three different techniques. Compaction allows for high-accuracy measurements of many fundamental physical and chemical properties of these materials, such as elastic wavespeeds and moduli, complete thermal properties, decomposition rates, thermal expansion, and clathrate equations of state. These properties and others, in turn, have helped USGS scientists to interpret geophysical well logs and active geophysical surveys, as well as model the rates of gas production from hydrate deposits in nature.
Studying this class of icy minerals that occur in abundance on Earth and in the outer solar system has been a fascinating laboratory journey. Here, we summarize the history and major findings of the USGS GHPL in Menlo Park, including both in-house research as well as findings from the synergistic collaborations with other agencies and institutes that were key to the success of our laboratory. The Menlo Park GHPL was more formally incorporated within the USGS Gas Hydrates Project, a collaboration among multiple USGS Science Centers, in the early 2000s under the leadership of Deborah Hutchinson, and now under the leadership of Carolyn Ruppel and Timothy Collett.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231063","usgsCitation":"Stern, L.A., and Kirby, S.H., 2023, Summary of the history and research of the U.S. Geological Survey gas hydrate properties laboratory in Menlo Park, California, active from 1993 to 2022: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1063, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231063.","productDescription":"v, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-140366","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420685,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1063/images"},{"id":420683,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1063/ofr20231063.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":420682,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1063/covrthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
350 N. Akron Road
Moffett Field, CA 94035
The problem of global amphibian declines has prompted extensive research over the last three decades. Initially, the focus was on identifying and characterizing the extent of the problem, but more recently efforts have shifted to evidence-based research designed to identify best solutions and to improve conservation outcomes. Despite extensive accumulation of knowledge on amphibian declines, there remain knowledge gaps and disconnects between science and action that hamper our ability to advance conservation efforts. Using input from participants at the ninth World Congress of Herpetology, a U.S. Geological Survey Powell Center symposium, amphibian on-line forums for discussion, the International Union for Conservation of Nature Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Gamete Biobanking group, and respondents to a survey, we developed a list of 25 priority research questions for amphibian conservation at this stage of the Anthropocene. We identified amphibian conservation research priorities while accounting for expected tradeoffs in geographic scope, costs, and the taxonomic breadth of research needs. We aimed to solicit views from individuals rather than organizations while acknowledging inequities in participation. Emerging research priorities (i.e., those under-represented in recently published amphibian conservation literature) were identified, and included the effects of climate change, community-level (rather than single species-level) drivers of declines, methodological improvements for research and monitoring, genomics, and effects of land-use change. Improved inclusion of under-represented members of the amphibian conservation community was also identified as a priority. These research needs represent critical knowledge gaps for amphibian conservation although filling these gaps may not be necessary for many conservation actions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Conservation Biology","doi":"10.1111/csp2.12988","usgsCitation":"Campbell Grant, E.H., Amburgey, S.M., Gratwicke, B., Acosta Chaves, V., Belasen, A.M., Bickford, D., Bruhl, C., Calatayud, N.E., Clemann, N., Clulow, S., Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J., Dawson, J., De Angelis, D.A., Dodd, C.K., Evans, A., Francesco Ficetola, G., Falaschi, M., Gonzalez-Mollinedo, S., Green, D.M., Gamlen-Greene, R., Griffiths, R.A., Halstead, B., Hassapakis, C., Heard, G., Karlsson, C., Kirschey, T., Klocke, B., Kosch, T.A., Kusterko Novaes, S., Linhoff, L., Maerz, J.C., Mosher, B.A., O'Donnell, K., Ochoa-Ochoa, L.M., Olson, D., Ovaska, K., Roberts, J.D., Silla, A.J., Stark, T., Tarrant, J., Upton, R., Voros, J., and Muths, E., 2023, Priority research needs to inform amphibian conservation in the Anthropocene: Conservation Science and Practice, v. 5, no. 9, e12988, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.12988.","productDescription":"e12988, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-147501","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442144,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.12988","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":420662,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"http://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496 ehgrant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":150443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell Grant","given":"Evan","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent 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Herrera”, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Olson, Deanna H.","contributorId":257261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olson","given":"Deanna H.","affiliations":[{"id":51996,"text":"USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35},{"text":"Ovaska, Kristiina","contributorId":329566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ovaska","given":"Kristiina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78659,"text":"Biolinx Environmental Research Ltd, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":36},{"text":"Roberts, J. Dale 0000-0001-8040-8839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8040-8839","contributorId":329567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Dale","affiliations":[{"id":78660,"text":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia - Albany campus, PO Box 5771, Albany WA 6332, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":37},{"text":"Silla, Aimee J.","contributorId":173776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silla","given":"Aimee","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16754,"text":"University of Wollongong, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":38},{"text":"Stark, Tariq","contributorId":229355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stark","given":"Tariq","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41626,"text":"RAVON, the Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":39},{"text":"Tarrant, Jeanne 0000-0001-7470-8915","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7470-8915","contributorId":329569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tarrant","given":"Jeanne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78662,"text":"Endangered Wildlife Trust, Threatened Amphibian Programme, 27 and 28 Austin Road, Glen Austin AH, Midrand, 1685, Gauteng, South Africa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":40},{"text":"Upton, R. 0000-0002-1324-6873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1324-6873","contributorId":329570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Upton","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78663,"text":"Conservation Biology Research Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":41},{"text":"Voros, Judit 0000-0001-9707-1443","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9707-1443","contributorId":329571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Voros","given":"Judit","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78664,"text":"Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, 1088 Budapest, Baross u. 13. Hungary","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":42},{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":245922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":882614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":43}]}} ,{"id":70249288,"text":"70249288 - 2023 - Polar bear's range dynamics and survival in the Holocene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-03T12:16:58.922015","indexId":"70249288","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-08T07:11:59","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polar bear's range dynamics and survival in the Holocene","docAbstract":"Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) is the apex predator of the Arctic, largely dependent on sea-ice. The expected disappearance of the ice cover of the Arctic seas by the mid 21st century is predicted to cause a dramatic decrease in the global range and population size of the species. To place this scenario against the backdrop of past distribution changes and their causes, we use a fossil dataset to investigate the polar bear's past distribution dynamics during the Late Glacial and the Holocene. Fossil results indicate that during the last deglaciation, polar bears were present at the southwestern margin of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet, surviving until the earliest Holocene. There are no Arctic polar bear findings from 8000–6000 years ago (8–6 ka), the Holocene's warmest period. However, fossils that date from 8-9 ka and 5–6 ka suggest that the species likely survived this period in cold refugia located near the East Siberian Sea, northern Greenland and the Canadian Archipelago. Polar bear range expansion is documented by an increase in fossils during the last 4000 years in tandem with cooling climate and expanding Arctic sea ice. The results document changes in polar bear's distribution in response to Late Glacial and Holocene Arctic temperature and sea ice trends.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108277","usgsCitation":"Seppa, H., Seidenkrantz, M., Caissie, B.E., and Fauria, M.M., 2023, Polar bear's range dynamics and survival in the Holocene: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 317, 108277, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108277.","productDescription":"108277, 6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-144338","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/85s714tb","text":"External Repository"},{"id":421531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"317","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seppa, Heikki","contributorId":330467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seppa","given":"Heikki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18162,"text":"University of Helsinki","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seidenkrantz, Marit-Solveig","contributorId":304650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seidenkrantz","given":"Marit-Solveig","affiliations":[{"id":49183,"text":"Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caissie, Beth Elaine 0000-0001-9587-1842","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9587-1842","contributorId":292500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caissie","given":"Beth","email":"","middleInitial":"Elaine","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fauria, Marc Macias","contributorId":330469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fauria","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"Macias","affiliations":[{"id":30742,"text":"University of Oxford, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70249974,"text":"70249974 - 2023 - Local topography and streambed hydraulic conductivity influence riparian groundwater age and groundwater-surface water connection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-09T12:54:40.111463","indexId":"70249974","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-08T06:51:22","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local topography and streambed hydraulic conductivity influence riparian groundwater age and groundwater-surface water connection","docAbstract":"The western U.S. is experiencing increasing rain to snow ratios due to climate change, and scientists are uncertain how changing recharge patterns will affect future groundwater-surface water connection. We examined how watershed topography and streambed hydraulic conductivity impact groundwater age and stream discharge at eight sites along a headwater stream within the Manitou Experimental Forest, CO USA. To do so, we measured: (a) continuous stream and groundwater discharge/level and specific conductivity from April to November 2021; (b) biweekly stream and groundwater chemistry; (c) groundwater chlorofluorocarbons and tritium in spring and fall; (d) streambed hydraulic conductivity; and (e) local slope. We used the chemistry data to calculate fluorite saturation states that were used to inform end-member mixing analysis of streamflow source. We then combined chlorofluorocarbon and tritium data to estimate the age composition of riparian groundwater. Our data suggest that future stream drying is more probable where local slope is steep and streambed hydraulic conductivity is high. In these areas, groundwater source shifted seasonally, as indicated by age increases, and we observed a high fraction of groundwater in streamflow, primarily interflow from adjacent hillslopes. In contrast, where local slope is flat and streambed hydraulic conductivity is low, streamflow is more likely to persist as groundwater age was seasonally constant and buffered by storage in alluvial sediments. Groundwater age and streamflow paired with characterization of watershed topography and subsurface characteristics enabled identification of likely controls on future stream drying patterns.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2023WR035044","usgsCitation":"Warix, S.R., Navarre-Sitchler, A., Manning, A.H., and Singha, K., 2023, Local topography and streambed hydraulic conductivity influence riparian groundwater age and groundwater-surface water connection: Water Resources Research, v. 59, no. 9, e2023WR035044, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR035044.","productDescription":"e2023WR035044, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-146499","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023wr035044","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":422473,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Manitou Experimental Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.19601263225407,\n 39.19295829401517\n ],\n [\n -105.19601263225407,\n 38.9626869460493\n ],\n [\n -104.87878240764469,\n 38.9626869460493\n ],\n [\n -104.87878240764469,\n 39.19295829401517\n ],\n [\n -105.19601263225407,\n 39.19295829401517\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warix, Sara R.","contributorId":331499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warix","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis","contributorId":190441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Navarre-Sitchler","given":"Alexis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":887878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":887879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Singha, Kamini","contributorId":331170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singha","given":"Kamini","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70256522,"text":"70256522 - 2023 - Testosterone identifies hatchling sex for Mojave desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-08T11:45:50.063151","indexId":"70256522","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-08T06:42:04","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testosterone identifies hatchling sex for Mojave desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii)","docAbstract":"The threatened Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) exhibits temperature-dependent sex determination, and individuals appear externally sexually monomorphic until sexual maturity. A non-surgical sex identification method that is suitable for a single in situ encounter with hatchlings is essential for minimizing handling of wild animals. We tested (1) whether plasma testosterone quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay differentiated males from females in 0–3 month old captive hatchlings, and (2) whether an injection of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) differentially elevates testosterone in male hatchlings to aid in identifying sex. We validated sex by ceolioscopic (laparoscopic) surgery. We then fit the testosterone concentrations to lognormal distributions and identified the concentration below which individuals are more likely female, and above which individuals are more likely male. Using a parametric bootstrapping procedure, we estimated a 0.01–0.04% misidentification rate for naïve testosterone samples, and a 1.26–1.39% misidentification rate for challenged (post-FSH injection) testosterone samples. Quantification of plasma testosterone concentration from small volume (0.1 mL) blood samples appears to be a viable, highly accurate method to identify sex of 0–3 month old hatchlings and could be a valuable tool for conservation measures and investigation of trends and variation in sex ratios for in situ wild nests.
Here, we review volcanic risk management at Mount St. Helens from the perspective of the US Geological Survey’s (USGS) experience over the four decades since its 18 May 1980 climactic eruption. Prior to 1980, volcano monitoring, multidisciplinary eruption forecasting, and interagency coordination for eruption response were new to the Cascade Range. A Mount St. Helens volcano hazards assessment had recently been published and volcanic crisis response capabilities tested during 1975 thermal unrest at nearby Mount Baker. Volcanic unrest began in March 1980, accelerating the rate of advance of volcano monitoring, prompting coordinated eruption forecasting and hazards communication, and motivating emergency response planning. The destruction caused by the 18 May 1980 eruption led to an enormous emergency response effort and prompted extensive coordination and planning for continuing eruptive activity. Eruptions continued with pulsatory dome growth and explosive eruptions over the following 6 years and with transport of sediment downstream over many more. In response, USGS scientists and their partners expanded their staffing, deployed new instruments, developed new tools (including the first use of a volcanic event tree) for eruption forecasting, and created new pathways for agency internal and external communication. Involvement in the Mount St. Helens response motivated the establishment of response measures at other Cascade Range volcanoes. Since assembly during the early and mid-1990s, volcano hazard working groups continue to unite scientists, emergency and land managers, tribal nations, and community leaders in common cause for the promotion of risk reduction. By the onset of renewed volcanic activity in 2004, these new systems enabled a more efficient response that was greatly facilitated by the participation of organizations within volcano hazard working groups. Although the magnitude of the 2004 eruptive sequence was much smaller than that of 1980, a new challenge emerged focused on hazard communication demands. Since 2008, our understanding of Mount St. Helens volcanic system has improved, helping us refine hazard assessments and eruption forecasts. Some professions have worked independently to apply the Mount St. Helens story to their products and services. Planning meetings and working group activities fortify partnerships among information disseminators, policy and decision-makers, scientists, and communities. We call the sum of these pieces the Volcanic Risk Management System (VRMS). In its most robust form, the VRMS encompasses effective production and coordinated exchange of volcano hazards and risk information among all interested parties.
Pennsylvania experienced heavy rainfall on September 1 and 2, 2021, as the remnants of Hurricane Ida swept over parts of the State. Much of eastern and south-central Pennsylvania received 5 to 10 inches of rain, and most of the rainfall fell within little more than 6 hours. Southeastern Pennsylvania experienced widespread, substantial flooding, and the city of Philadelphia and surrounding areas were particularly affected by the flooding. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages registered peak streamflows of record at 19 locations, and 52 locations experienced top 5 peak streamflows for the period of record and an annual exceedance probability estimate of at least 10 percent. During this September 2021 flood event, USGS personnel made over 60 streamflow measurements at streamgages in Pennsylvania using direct and indirect methods. Many of those streamflow measurements were made to verify or improve the accuracy, extent, or development of new stage-streamflow relations at streamgages operated by the USGS. After the floodwaters receded, USGS personnel identified and documented a total of 338 high-water marks in Pennsylvania, noting such things as their general description, location, height above land surface, and quality. Many of these high-water marks were used to create five flood-documentation maps for selected communities in southeastern Pennsylvania that experienced substantial flooding because of the remnants of Hurricane Ida. Digital datasets of the inundated areas, mapped boundaries, and water depth are available (Stuckey and Conlon, 2023).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235086","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Stuckey, M.H., Conlon, M.D., and Weaver, M.R., 2023, Characterization of peak streamflows and flooding in select areas of Pennsylvania from the remnants of Hurricane Ida, September 1–2, 2021 (ver. 1.1, September 28, 2023): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5086, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235086.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 28 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-145111","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501049,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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\"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: September 7, 2023; Version 1.1: September 28, 2023","contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 170
Fern Cave in Jackson County, Alabama, is a 15.6-mile-long (25.1-kilometer) cave system, managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Southeastern Cave Conservancy, that has the second highest biodiversity of any cave in the southeastern United States. Groundwater in karst ecosystems is known to be susceptible to impacts from human-induced land-use activities in watersheds that contribute recharge to the groundwater system. To provide the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service with necessary baseline information on the groundwater flow system in Fern Cave, the U.S. Geological Survey and the Kentucky Geological Survey conducted a series of dye traces during 2019–21 to delineate the watershed recharging the cave system. The dye traces identified two separate streams that flow through the cave and a recharge area of 1.73 square miles (4.48 square kilometers) draining to the cave system. Current land use within the recharge area is dominated by deciduous forest with minimal additional land use types, indicating a low potential for undesirable effects to the cave by anthropogenic sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3506","issn":"2329-132X","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Kentucky Geological Survey and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","programNote":"Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Miller, B.V., and Tobin, B., Mapping karst groundwater flow paths and delineating recharge areas for Fern Cave, Alabama, through the use of dye tracing: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3506, 2 sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3506.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 42.50 x 36.00; Data Releases","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-136078","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420569,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9AE0LQR","text":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Mapping karst groundwater flow paths and delineating recharge areas for Fern Cave, Alabama through the use of dye tracing"},{"id":420568,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KZCM54","text":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2019 Products (ver. 2.0, June 2021)"},{"id":500212,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115246.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":420571,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/wys_rpt?dv_ts_ids=&2629&adr_begin_date=2019-10-01&adr_end_date=2020-09-30&site_no=03574500&agency_cd=USGS","text":"USGS water-year summary 2020","linkHelpText":"03574500 Paint Rock River near Woodville, AL"},{"id":420570,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/wys_rpt?dv_ts_ids=&2629&adr_begin_date=2018-10-01&adr_end_date=2019-09-30&site_no=03574500&agency_cd=USGS","text":"USGS water-year summary 2019","linkHelpText":"03574500 Paint Rock River near Woodville, AL"},{"id":420567,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3506/sim3506_sheet_2.pdf","text":"SIM 3506 sheet 2","size":"10.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":420572,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3506/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":420566,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3506/sim3506_sheet_1.pdf","text":"SIM 3506 sheet 1","size":"18.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","county":"Jackson County","otherGeospatial":"Fern Cave","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.2917,\n 34.7\n ],\n [\n -86.333,\n 34.7\n ],\n [\n -86.333,\n 34.6458\n ],\n [\n -86.2917,\n 34.6458\n ],\n [\n -86.2917,\n 34.7\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
640 Grassmere Park, Suite 100
Nashville, TN 37211
Insufficient water sample volumes can be a limiting factor for detecting species with environmental DNA (eDNA) from aquatic habitats. We compared detections of freshwater mussel (Unionidae) communities using large water sample volumes and dead-end hollow fiber ultrafiltration (D-HFUF or DEUF) with traditional eDNA filtration methods that use relatively small water sample volumes. Unionid species were detected in approximately 50-L D-HFUF eDNA samples with two mitochondrial DNA metabarcoding markers (COI and ND1) and compared to species detection results from eDNA captured from commonly used 1-L samples filtered with polyethersulfone (PES) filters at three lotic sites in Georgia and Missouri. Of the 431,560 COI and 1,035,472 ND1 reads from all environmental samples of both filter types that passed quality control, 95% (410,755 reads) of COI reads and 85% (883,472 reads) of ND1 reads were assigned to a unionid species. Nineteen different freshwater mussel species were detected across all D-HFUF samples, and 11 species were detected across all PES samples. Reads assigned to the genus Elliptio could not be resolved beyond the genus level with either marker. From D-HFUF samples, 15 and 16 mussel species were detected with the COI and ND1 markers, respectively. From PES samples, nine and seven species were detected with the COI and ND1 markers, respectively. More mussel species were detected at each site in D-HFUF samples than in PES samples regardless of whether results from both markers were combined or evaluated separately. Our results demonstrate the merit of further exploration and optimization of D-HFUF for capturing eDNA from high-volume water samples to facilitate detection of unionids and likely other aquatic organisms.
Cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) present a critical public health challenge for aquatic resource and public health managers. Satellite remote sensing is well-positioned to aid in the identification and mapping of cyanoHABs and their dynamics, giving freshwater resource managers a tool for both rapid and long-term protection of public health. Monitoring cyanoHABs in lakes and reservoirs with remote sensing requires robust processing techniques for generating accurate and consistent products across local and global scales at high revisit rates. We leveraged the high spatial and temporal resolution chlorophyll-a (Chla) and phycocyanin (PC) maps from two multispectral satellite sensors, the Sentinel-2 (S2) MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) and the Sentinel-3 (S3) Ocean Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) respectively, to study bloom dynamics in Utah Lake, United States, for 2018. We used established Mixture Density Networks (MDNs) to map Chla from MSI and train new MDNs for PC retrieval from OLCI, using the same architecture and training dataset previously proven for PC retrieval from hyperspectral imagery. Our assessment suggests lower median uncertainties and biases (i.e., 42% and -4%, respectively) than that of existing top-performing PC algorithms. Additionally, we compared bloom trends in MDN-based PC and Chla products to those from a satellite-derived cyanobacteria cell density estimator, the cyanobacteria index (CI-cyano), to evaluate their utility in the context of public health risk management. Our comprehensive analyses indicate increased spatiotemporal coherence of bloom magnitude, frequency, occurrence, and extent of MDN-based maps compared to CI-cyano and potential for use in cyanoHAB monitoring for public health and aquatic resource managers.
A synoptic water quality study was implemented in Warden Gulch, a headwater stream affected by metals that are contributed by both natural and mining-impacted sources. Warden Gulch is a tributary to Peru Creek (Colorado, USA), where emplacement of a mine tunnel bulkhead and other remedial actions have improved water quality upstream of Warden Gulch. The goal of this study was to identify individual source contributions to Warden Gulch and determine if additional remedial actions were warranted. To this end, trace metal loading was quantified from various sources including an actively draining mine. Although highly concentrated waste streams from mining-impacted sites degrade water quality, natural contributions from unmined areas within the Warden Gulch watershed are the dominant sources of metal loading. Further, some mining-impacted sources are associated with diffuse groundwater inflows that may not be amenable to clean up, due to the diffuse nature of the sources and the associated cost. Mining-impacted sources that are amenable to clean up may therefore represent a small portion of the overall metal loading to Warden Gulch. Remedial measures directed at these sources may not substantially improve the water quality of Peru Creek and the larger Snake River watershed.
Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard geoform, substrate, and biotic component geographic information system products were developed for the California State waters of south-central California in the region offshore of Morro Bay. The study was motivated by interest in development of offshore wind-energy capacity and infrastructure in Federal waters offshore. The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, in coordination with the State of California and many other members of the California Intergovernmental Renewable Energy Task Force, issued calls for information in 2018 for the study area offshore of Morro Bay, California. The study area is adjacent to a nuclear power plant (currently scheduled for decommissioning) with a developed electric grid connection, and in an area of high wind resource potential. The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management is the lead agency responsible for planning and leasing in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone and funded this project to assess baseline conditions of, and the potential effects on, the seafloor environment. This project, carried out by the U.S. Geological Survey, resulted in three data releases for individual map blocks that are part of the California State Waters Map Series: (1) Offshore of Point Estero, (2) Offshore of Morro Bay, and (3) Offshore of Point Buchon. The study area consists of 341 square kilometers (km2) of multibeam echo sounder (MBES) data acquired by Fugro, Inc., in 2010. Towed camera-sled video was acquired in 2012 to supervise the classification of the MBES data into habitats. There were 935 annotations of organisms and habitat made from 22 video transects. Using video observations of habitat as ground truth, derivatives of the MBES data were classified into 3 seafloor character types (hard-rugged, hard-flat, and soft-flat), 25 modifier groups, and 9 geoforms. The study area substrate is predominantly soft-flat sediment (mud and fine sand) covering 191.3 km2 (56.1 percent) of the area. Hard-flat substrate areas, predominantly coarse sediment in scour depressions, cover 52.2 km2 (15.3 percent) of the study area. The hard-rugged substrate areas are primarily outcrops of layered sedimentary bedrock and constitute 97.5 km2 of the study area (28.6 percent). After classification of bathymetry and backscatter raster images according to substrate, false-positive hard areas produced by noise artifacts were removed by manual editing. Nine geoforms were then identified in the analysis. The predominant geoforms mirror the seafloor character results, shelf geoforms (flat areas covered in soft sediment), rock outcrop geoforms (hard, rugged areas), and scour depression geoforms (flat areas covered in coarse sediment formed by bottom currents).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231064","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with California State University Monterey Bay, University of California Santa Cruz, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, and the California Ocean Protection Council","usgsCitation":"Cochrane, G.R., Kvitek, R., Cole, A., Sherrier, M., Roca-Lezra, A., Hallahan, S., and Dartnell, P., 2023, California State waters map series—Benthic habitat characterization in the region offshore of Morro Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1064, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231064.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 14 p.; 3 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-142408","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420580,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZSTUK1","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"Cochrane, G.R., Cole, A., Sherrier, M., and Hallahan, S., 2022, Bathymetry, backscatter intensity, and benthic habitat offshore of Point Estero, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZSTUK1.","linkHelpText":"Bathymetry, backscatter intensity, and benthic habitat offshore of Point Estero, California"},{"id":420579,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HEZNRO","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"Cochrane, G.R., Cole, A., Sherrier, M., and Roca-Lezra, A., 2022, Bathymetry, backscatter intensity, and benthic habitat offshore of Morro Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HEZNRO.","linkHelpText":"Bathymetry, backscatter intensity, and benthic habitat offshore of Morro Bay, California"},{"id":499787,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115244.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":420582,"rank":8,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231064/full"},{"id":420581,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KBGELE","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"Cochrane, G.R., Cole, A., and Sherrier, M., 2022, Bathymetry, backscatter intensity, and benthic habitat offshore of Point Buchon, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KBGELE.","linkHelpText":"Bathymetry, backscatter intensity, and benthic habitat offshore of Point Buchon, California"},{"id":420575,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1064/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":420576,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1064/ofr20231064.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":420577,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1064/ofr20231064.xml"},{"id":420578,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1064/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Morro Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.14748785119099,\n 35.56953868165078\n ],\n [\n -121.14748785119099,\n 35.15085512961322\n ],\n [\n -120.69449617338131,\n 35.15085512961322\n ],\n [\n -120.69449617338131,\n 35.56953868165078\n ],\n [\n -121.14748785119099,\n 35.56953868165078\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
Incubation breaks are necessary for any nesting bird but can increase the mortality risk of the nest or attending parent. How intrinsic and extrinsic variables affect nest attentiveness—the proportion of time a female is on nest during incubation— and subsequent survival of the nest remains unclear for uniparental species. We related female nest attentiveness to nest survival and tested the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic variables on nest attentiveness by female Lesser Prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) using GPS locations of 87 females at 109 nest sites in 3 study areas in Kansas during 2013–2015. Daily nest survival increased by 39% when nest attentiveness increased from 21% to 98%. Female Lesser Prairie-chickens were 18% less attentive as body mass increased from 600 to 920 g. Daily precipitation and temperature, controlled for days into the incubation period, had interactive effects on nest attentiveness with nest attentiveness lowest on cool, wet days and increasing as temperature increased, regardless of precipitation (41% attentiveness at 16°C and 79 mm of precipitation to 90% attentiveness at 37°C and 41 mm of precipitation). Nest attentiveness increased by 11% as the quantity of grass at the nest site increased from 5% to 78% when visual obstruction was at 1 and 2 decimeters (dm) and increased 9% as the quantity of grass at the nest site increased from 5% to 83% when visual obstruction was at its maximum (3 dm). Our findings reveal the critical importance of nest attentiveness and incubation behavior, not only in relation to demography, but within the context of changing environmental conditions. As warmer temperatures and extreme precipitation events become more common and change the growth rates of vegetation, species like the Lesser Prairie-chicken that are ground-nesting, rely on vegetation cover, and exhibit uniparental care could experience negative demographic consequences.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.10509","usgsCitation":"Gehrt, J.M., Sullins, D., Verheijen, B., and Haukos, D.A., 2023, Lesser Prairie-chicken incubation behavior and nest success most influenced by nest vegetation structure: Ecology and Evolution, v. 13, no. 9, e10509, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10509.","productDescription":"e10509, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-152448","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442163,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10509","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432761,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.12271341717144,\n 39.758697568480756\n ],\n [\n -102.12271341717144,\n 37.008194507545156\n ],\n [\n -97.49062380349912,\n 37.008194507545156\n ],\n [\n -97.49062380349912,\n 39.758697568480756\n ],\n [\n -102.12271341717144,\n 39.758697568480756\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gehrt, Jacquelyn M.","contributorId":274667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gehrt","given":"Jacquelyn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":48533,"text":"ksu","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sullins, Daniel S.","contributorId":341254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullins","given":"Daniel S.","affiliations":[{"id":12661,"text":"Kansas State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verheijen, Bram H. F.","contributorId":274514,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verheijen","given":"Bram H. F.","affiliations":[{"id":48533,"text":"ksu","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70247999,"text":"cir1511 - 2023 - U.S. Geological Survey science vision for native freshwater mussel research in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-17T13:27:30.861769","indexId":"cir1511","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-06T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1511","displayTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey Science Vision for Native Freshwater Mussel Research in the United States","title":"U.S. Geological Survey science vision for native freshwater mussel research in the United States","docAbstract":"North America is a global center for native freshwater mussel (order Unionida, hereinafter “mussels”) diversity, with more than 350 species. Mussels are among the most imperiled fauna on the planet. Reasons for both local and widespread declines in mussels are mostly unknown, although the threats may include habitat loss and fragmentation, diseases, environmental contaminants, altered flow regimes, migration barriers to larval hosts, non-native species, and climate change.
Over the past three decades, research on mussels has been substantial. Nevertheless, current conservation and management efforts are limited by significant information gaps. For example, the effects of emerging stressors on mussels are largely unknown and identifying when habitats are rehabilitated and suitable for reestablishment of mussels remains challenging. Additionally, historical and current information on the distribution, taxonomy, and life histories are often unreliable or lacking altogether, and more reliable information is needed for many species.
We identified focal research themes, goals, and objectives where research on mussels is needed based on information gaps identified through conversations with resource partners across local, regional, and national organizations. Research on biodiversity seeks to enhance the diversity of mussel species and populations to support healthy aquatic ecosystems. Research on emerging stressors seeks to improve the understanding of how mussel species, populations, and communities respond to emerging stressors, including environmental contaminants and climate change. Research on conservation seeks to enhance the recovery of species and populations and to identify data gaps limiting the conservation of mussels and their habitats. Mussels are in urgent need of proactive conservation because they are an integral part of our natural heritage, enhance biodiversity, and provide vital ecological services that support freshwater ecosystems.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been, and continues to be, a leader in mussel research. Although the USGS is well suited to address the broad-scale multidisciplinary research needed to conserve mussels, the USGS has had substantial loss of scientists with mussel expertise over the past 20 years. However, the breadth of the USGS expertise on mussels can be leveraged internally across other USGS mission and program areas and externally across research partners. Given the breadth and scope of the issues facing mussels across the United States, the research themes outlined in this science vision can only be accomplished through extensive collaborations between the USGS and the full spectrum of natural resource partners, including other Federal and State agencies, Tribal organizations, universities, industries, and nongovernmental organizations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1511","isbn":"978-1-4113-4537-9","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Newton, T.J., Johnson, N.A., and Hu, D.H., 2023, U.S. Geological Survey science vision for native freshwater mussel research in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1511, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1511.","productDescription":"vi, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-147504","costCenters":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420318,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1511/cir1511.XML"},{"id":420317,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1511/images/"},{"id":420316,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/cir1511/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"CIR 1511"},{"id":420329,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1511/cir1511.pdf","text":"Report","size":"29.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIR 1511"},{"id":420328,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1511/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Program Coordinator, Species Management Research Program
Ecosystems Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 415
Reston, VA 20192
We simulate shaking in Tacoma, Washington, and surrounding areas from Mw 6.5 and 7.0 earthquakes on the Tacoma fault. Ground motions are directly modeled up to 2.5 Hz using kinematic, finite‐fault sources; a 3D seismic velocity model considering regional geology; and a model mesh with 30 m sampling at the ground surface. In addition, we explore how adjustments to the seismic velocity model affect predicted shaking over a range of periods. These adjustments include the addition of a region‐specific geotechnical gradient, surface topography, and a fault damage zone. We find that the simulated shaking tends to be near estimates from empirical ground‐motion models (GMMs). However, long‐period (T = 5.0 s) shaking within the Tacoma basin is typically underpredicted by the GMMs. The fit between simulated and GMM‐derived short‐period (T = 0.5 s) shaking is significantly improved with the addition of the geotechnical gradient. From comparing different Mw 6.5 earthquake scenarios, we also find that the response of the Tacoma basin is sensitive to the azimuth of incoming seismic waves. In adding surface topography to the simulation, we find that average ground motion is similar to that produced from the nontopography model. However, shaking is often amplified at topographic highs and deamplified at topographic lows, and the wavefield undergoes extensive scattering. Adding a fault damage zone has the effect of amplifying short‐period shaking adjacent to the fault, while reducing far‐field shaking. Intermediate‐period shaking is amplified within the Tacoma basin, likely due to enhanced surface‐wave generation attributable to the fault damage zone waveguide. When applied in the same model, the topography and fault damage zone adjustments often enhance or reduce the effects of one another, adding further complexity to the wavefield. These results emphasize the importance of improving near‐surface velocity model resolution as waveform simulations progress toward higher frequencies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120230083","usgsCitation":"Stone, I.P., Wirth, E.A., Grant, A.R., and Frankel, A.D., 2023, 3-D wave propagation simulations of Mw 6.5+ earthquakes on the Tacoma Fault, Washington state, considering the effects of topography, a geotechnical gradient, and a fault damage zone: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 113, no. 6, p. 2519-2542, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120230083.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"2519","endPage":"2542","ipdsId":"IP-151026","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424180,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Tacoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.94849646816715,\n 47.52066759288792\n ],\n [\n -122.94849646816715,\n 47.09223788435119\n ],\n [\n -121.84278435348952,\n 47.09223788435119\n ],\n [\n -121.84278435348952,\n 47.52066759288792\n ],\n [\n -122.94849646816715,\n 47.52066759288792\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"113","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Ian P. 0000-0003-2622-2691","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2622-2691","contributorId":293630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Ian","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":891672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wirth, Erin A. 0000-0002-8592-4442","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8592-4442","contributorId":207853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirth","given":"Erin","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":891673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grant, Alex R. 0000-0002-5096-4305","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5096-4305","contributorId":219066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"Alex","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":891674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frankel, Arthur D. 0000-0001-9119-6106 afrankel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":146285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","email":"afrankel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":891675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70248321,"text":"70248321 - 2023 - 2.d.7 Lake water levels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-08T11:03:14.941233","indexId":"70248321","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-06T09:03:47","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10118,"text":"Bulletin American Meteorological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"2.d.7 Lake water levels","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0090.1","usgsCitation":"Kraemer, B.M., Dugan, H.A., La Fuente, S., and Meyer, M.F., 2023, 2.d.7 Lake water levels: Bulletin American Meteorological Society, v. 104, no. 9, p. S61-S63, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0090.1.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"S61","endPage":"S63","ipdsId":"IP-150080","costCenters":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442168,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0090.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":420621,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"http://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kraemer, Benjamin M.","contributorId":166829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kraemer","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24540,"text":"Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dugan, Hilary A. 0000-0003-4674-1149","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4674-1149","contributorId":300341,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dugan","given":"Hilary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":18002,"text":"University of Wisconsin - Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"La Fuente, Sofia 0000-0002-9665-672X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9665-672X","contributorId":329486,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"La Fuente","given":"Sofia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78609,"text":"Dundalk Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, Michael Frederick 0000-0002-8034-9434 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8034-9434","contributorId":304191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Frederick","affiliations":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":882433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70248856,"text":"70248856 - 2023 - Upscaling wetland methane emissions from the FLUXNET-CH4 Eddy Covariance Network (UpCH4 v1.0): Model development, network assessment, and budget comparison","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-25T14:13:49.241689","indexId":"70248856","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-06T08:13:10","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7751,"text":"AGU Advances","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upscaling wetland methane emissions from the FLUXNET-CH4 Eddy Covariance Network (UpCH4 v1.0): Model development, network assessment, and budget comparison","docAbstract":"Wetlands are responsible for 20%–31% of global methane (CH4) emissions and account for a large source of uncertainty in the global CH4 budget. Data-driven upscaling of CH4 fluxes from eddy covariance measurements can provide new and independent bottom-up estimates of wetland CH4 emissions. Here, we develop a six-predictor random forest upscaling model (UpCH4), trained on 119 site-years of eddy covariance CH4 flux data from 43 freshwater wetland sites in the FLUXNET-CH4 Community Product. Network patterns in site-level annual means and mean seasonal cycles of CH4 fluxes were reproduced accurately in tundra, boreal, and temperate regions (Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency ∼0.52–0.63 and 0.53). UpCH4 estimated annual global wetland CH4 emissions of 146 ± 43 TgCH4 y−1 for 2001–2018 which agrees closely with current bottom-up land surface models (102–181 TgCH4 y−1) and overlaps with top-down atmospheric inversion models (155–200 TgCH4 y−1). However, UpCH4 diverged from both types of models in the spatial pattern and seasonal dynamics of tropical wetland emissions. We conclude that upscaling of eddy covariance CH4 fluxes has the potential to produce realistic extra-tropical wetland CH4 emissions estimates which will improve with more flux data. To reduce uncertainty in upscaled estimates, researchers could prioritize new wetland flux sites along humid-to-arid tropical climate gradients, from major rainforest basins (Congo, Amazon, and SE Asia), into monsoon (Bangladesh and India) and savannah regions (African Sahel) and be paired with improved knowledge of wetland extent seasonal dynamics in these regions. The monthly wetland methane products gridded at 0.25° from UpCH4 are available via ORNL DAAC (https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2253).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2023AV000956","usgsCitation":"McNicol, G., Fluet-Chouinard, E., Ouyang, Z., Knox, S., Zhen, Z., Aalto, T., Bansal, S., Chang, K., Chen, M., Delwiche, K., Feron, S., Goeckede, M., Liu, J., Malhotra, A., Melton, J.R., Riley, W., Vargas, R., Yuan, K., Yang, Q., Zhu, Q., Alekseychik, P., Aurela, M., Billesbach, D., Campbell, D.I., Chen, J., Chu, H., Desai, A., Euskirchen, E., Goodrich, J., Griffis, T., Helbig, M., Hirano, T., Iwata, H., Jurasinski, G., King, J., Koebsch, F., Kolka, R., Krauss, K., Lohila, A., Ivan Mammarella, Nilson, M., Noormets, A., Oechel, W., Peichl, M., Sachs, T., Sakabe, A., Schulze, C., Sonnentag, O., Sullivan, R., Tuittila, E., Ueyama, M., Vesala, T., Ward, E., Wille, C., Wong, G.X., Zona, D., Windham-Myers, L., Poulter, B., and Jackson, R., 2023, Upscaling wetland methane emissions from the FLUXNET-CH4 Eddy Covariance Network (UpCH4 v1.0): Model development, network assessment, and 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