Acadia National Park is one of the most intensively used national parks in the United States. While its annual visitation (2.2 million visits in 2004) does not rise to the levels of some of the “crown jewel” western national parks (Yellowstone National Park, for example, accommodated 2.9 million visits in 2004), visits to Acadia are concentrated on its comparatively small size of less than 50,000 acres. Yellowstone, by comparison, is spread across 2.2 million acres. Given the intensive character of visitor use at Acadia, it is vital to monitor recreational use and its associated impacts to help ensure protection of important park resources and the quality of the visitor experience.
","language":"English","publisher":"The George Wright Society","usgsCitation":"Manning, R., Jacobi, C., and Marion, J.L., 2006, Recreation monitoring at Acadia National Park: The George Wright Forum, v. 23, no. 2, p. 59-72.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16960,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.georgewright.org/node/93"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6353f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manning, Robert","contributorId":171662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manning","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobi, Charles","contributorId":176403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacobi","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marion, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":56322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224739,"text":"5224739 - 2006 - Population trajectory of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) in eastern Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:09","indexId":"5224739","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population trajectory of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) in eastern Washington","docAbstract":"Anecdotal evidence suggests that burrowing owls have declined in Washington. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife is currently conducting a status review for burrowing owls which will help determine whether they should be listed as threatened or endangered in the state. To provide insights into the current status of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia), we analyzed data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey using two analytical approaches to determine their current population trajectory in eastern Washington. We used a one-sample t-test to examine whether trend estimates across all BBS routes in Washington differed from zero. We also used a mixed model analysis to estimate the rate of decline in number of burrowing owls detected between 1968 and 2005. The slope in number of burrowing owls detected was negative for 12 of the 16 BBS routes in Washington that have detected burrowing owls. Numbers of breeding burrowing owls detected in eastern Washington declined at a rate of 1.5% annually. We suggest that all BBS routes that have detected burrowing owls in past years in eastern Washington be surveyed annually and additional surveys conducted to track population trends of burrowing owls at finer spatial scales in eastern Washington. In the meantime, land management and regulatory agencies should ensure that publicly managed areas with breeding burrowing owls are not degraded and should implement education and outreach programs to promote protection of privately owned areas with breeding owls.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6701_Conway.pdf","usgsCitation":"Conway, C., and Pardieck, K., 2006, Population trajectory of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) in eastern Washington: Northwest Science, v. 80, no. 4, p. 292-297.","productDescription":"292-297","startPage":"292","endPage":"297","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16814,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.ag.arizona.edu/srnr/research/coop/azfwru/cjc/publications/Journal_Articles/Conway_and_Pardieck-2006-NW_Science_80_292-297.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"80","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67ca19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conway, C.J.","contributorId":33417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pardieck, K.L.","contributorId":41929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pardieck","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224805,"text":"5224805 - 2006 - Salt tolerance and osmotic adjustment of Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae) and the invasive M haplotype of Phragmites australis (Poaceae) along a salinity gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-27T11:09:18","indexId":"5224805","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":724,"text":"American Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salt tolerance and osmotic adjustment of Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae) and the invasive M haplotype of Phragmites australis (Poaceae) along a salinity gradient","docAbstract":"An invasive variety of Phragmites australis (Poaceae, common reed), the M haplotype, has been implicated in the spread of this species into North American salt marshes that are normally dominated by the salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae, smooth cordgrass). In some European marshes, on the other hand, Spartina spp. derived from S. alterniflora have spread into brackish P. australis marshes. In both cases, the non-native grass is thought to degrade the habitat value of the marsh for wildlife, and it is important to understand the physiological processes that lead to these species replacements. We compared the growth, salt tolerance, and osmotic adjustment of M haplotype P. australis and S. alterniflora along a salinity gradient in greenhouse experiments. Spartina alterniflora produced new biomass up to 0.6 M NaCl, whereas P. australis did not grow well above 0.2 M NaCl. The greater salt tolerance of S. alterniflora compared with P. australis was due to its ability to use Na+ for osmotic adjustment in the shoots. On the other hand, at low salinities P. australis produced more shoots per gram of rhizome tissue than did S. alterniflora. This study illustrates how ecophysiological differences can shift the competitive advantage from one species to another along a stress gradient. Phragmites australis is spreading into North American coastal marshes that are experiencing reduced salinities, while Spartina spp. are spreading into northern European brackish marshes that are experiencing increased salinities as land use patterns change on the two continents.
","language":"English","publisher":"Botanical Society of America","doi":"10.3732/ajb.93.12.1784","usgsCitation":"Vasquez, E.A., Glenn, E., Guntenspergen, G.R., Brown, J.J., and Nelson, S.G., 2006, Salt tolerance and osmotic adjustment of Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae) and the invasive M haplotype of Phragmites australis (Poaceae) along a salinity gradient: American Journal of Botany, v. 93, no. 12, p. 1784-1790, https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.93.12.1784.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1784","endPage":"1790","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477282,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.93.12.1784","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c8b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vasquez, Edward A.","contributorId":174717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vasquez","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":56542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward P.","affiliations":[{"id":13060,"text":"Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":342731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, J. Jed","contributorId":174718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, Stephen G.","contributorId":174719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5224827,"text":"5224827 - 2006 - Coherence between harvest and habitat management -- Joint venture perspectives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5224827","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3638,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coherence between harvest and habitat management -- Joint venture perspectives","docAbstract":"Introduction: In recent months, an ad hoc group of waterfowl scientists, representing the International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (IAFWA) Adaptive Harvest Management (ARM) Task Force and the North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP) Committee, have collaborated as a Joint Task Group (JTG) to assess options for unifying the population goals guiding waterfowl harvest management and habitat management. The JTG has been charged with bringing coherence to the population goals of the two programs. Characterizing the problem as one of coherence indicates value judgments exist regarding its significance or perhaps existence. For purposes of this paper, we characterize the lack of coherence as the absence of consistent population goals in the two related components of waterfowl conservation habitat and harvest management. Our purpose is to support continued dialogue on the respective goals of these programs and the possible implications of discordant goals to habitat joint ventures. Our objectives are two-fold: (1) illustrate how NAWMP habitat management goals and strategies have been interpreted and pursued in both breeding and wintering areas, and (2) provide perspectives on the linkages between regional habitat management programs and harvest management. The Lower Mississippi Valley and the Prairie Pothole joint ventures (LMVJV and PPJV, respectively) will be used as examples.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6835_Baxter.pdf","usgsCitation":"Baxter, C., Nelson, J., Reinecke, K.J., and Stephens, S.E., 2006, Coherence between harvest and habitat management -- Joint venture perspectives: Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 71, p. 214-232.","productDescription":"214-232","startPage":"214","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae99d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baxter, C.K.","contributorId":91964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baxter","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, J.W.","contributorId":9995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reinecke, K. J.","contributorId":54537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stephens, S. E.","contributorId":40706,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stephens","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224728,"text":"5224728 - 2006 - Assessing recreation impacts to cliffs in Shenandoah National Park: Integrating visitor observation with trail and recreation site measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T15:51:12","indexId":"5224728","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2416,"text":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing recreation impacts to cliffs in Shenandoah National Park: Integrating visitor observation with trail and recreation site measurements","docAbstract":"The rock outcrops and cliffs of Shenandoah National Park provide habitat for several rare and endangered plant and animal species, including the federally endangered Shenandoah Salamander (Plethodon shenandoah; Ludwig et al., 1993). The location of the well-known park tour road, Skyline Drive, along the ridgeline provides exceptional access to many outcrops and cliffs throughout the park for a large number of the park?s 1.2 million annual visitors. Consequently, visitor use of cliff areas has led to natural resource impacts, including marked decreases in size and vigor of known rare plant populations. Despite the clear ecological value and potential threats to the natural resources at cliff areas, managers possess little information on visitor use of cliff sites and presently have no formal planning document to guide management. Thus, a park wide study of cliff sites was initiated during the 2005 visitor use season. As part of this research effort, our study used an integrative approach to study recreational use and visitor-caused resource impacts at one of the more heavily visited cliff sites in the park: Little Stony Man Cliffs (LSMC). In particular, this study integrated data from resource impact measurements and visitor use observation to help assess the effects of recreational use on the natural resources of LSMC. Procedures derived from campsite and trail impact studies were used to measure and characterize the amount of visitor-caused resource impacts on LSMC (Marion & Leung, 2001; Marion, 1995). Visitor use observations were conducted on top of LSMC to document and characterize the type and amount of recreational use the cliffs receive and the behaviors of recreationists that may contribute to cliff-top resource impacts. Resource impact measurement data show trampling disturbance present at LSMC, characterized by vegetation loss, exposed soil, and root exposure. Documentation of informal trails, soil erosion, tree damage, and tree stumps provide further indicators of resource damage at LSMC. Results of visitor use observation offer several insights into contributory factors of cliff-top resource damage by showing differences in use and behavior between visitor types. The findings from this study suggest that a management approach characterized by visitor education, some site hardening, and concentration of visitor use on durable surfaces, along with the installation of fixed anchors at the top of popular climbing routes is likely to have the greatest success at balancing visitor enjoyment with resource protection at LSMC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6680_Wood.pdf","usgsCitation":"Wood, K., Lawson, S., and Marion, J., 2006, Assessing recreation impacts to cliffs in Shenandoah National Park: Integrating visitor observation with trail and recreation site measurements: Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, v. 24, no. 4, p. 86-110.","productDescription":"86-110","startPage":"86","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269473,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://js.sagamorepub.com/jpra/article/view/1396"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, K.T.","contributorId":87658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawson, S.R.","contributorId":14083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawson","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marion, J. L. 0000-0003-2226-689X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-689X","contributorId":10888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224727,"text":"5224727 - 2006 - Multistate survival models and their extensions in Program MARK","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:30","indexId":"5224727","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multistate survival models and their extensions in Program MARK","docAbstract":"Program MARK provides .100 models for the estimation of population parameters from mark?encounter data. The multistate model of Brownie et al. (1993) and Hestbeck et al. (1991) allows animals to move between states with a probability of transition. The simplest multistate model is an extension of the Cormack?Jolly?Seber (CJS) live recapture model. arameters estimated are state-specific survival rates and encounter probabilities and transition probabilities between states. The multistate model provides a valuable framework to evaluate important ecological questions. For example, estimation of state-specific survival and transition probabilities between the biological states of breeders and nonbreeders allows estimation of the cost of reproduction. Transitions between physical states, such as spatial areas, provide estimates needed for meta-population models. The basic multistate model uses only live recaptures, but 3 extensions are included in MARK. A multistate model with live and dead encounters is available, although the dead encounters are not state specific. Robust-design multistate models are also included in MARK, with both open and closed robust designs. These models assume that animals move between states only between primary sessions of the robust design. For the closed robust design, we can specify 12 different data types for the modeling of encounter probabilities during the primary session, including 6 versions of the closed model likelihood incorporating population size (N) directly in the likelihood, and 6 versions of the Huggins model in which N is estimated as a derived parameter outside the likelihood. One assumption that is generally necessary to estimate state-specific survival rates in the multistate model is that transitions take place immediately before encounter occasions. Otherwise, survival rates over the interval between encounter occasions are a mix of survival rates over multiple states. Advantages of using MARK to estimate the parameters of the various multistate models include flexibility of model specification to include group, time, and individual covariates, estimation of variance components, model averaging of parameter estimates, and Bayesian parameter estimation using Markov chain Monte Carlo procedures on the logit scale.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6679_White.pdf","usgsCitation":"White, G.C., Kendall, W., and Barker, R.J., 2006, Multistate survival models and their extensions in Program MARK: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 6, p. 1521-1529.","productDescription":"1521-1529","startPage":"1521","endPage":"1529","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16810,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2193%2F0022-541X%282006%2970%5B1521%3AMSMATE%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"70","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4805e4b07f02db4cf208","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barker, R. J.","contributorId":34222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224730,"text":"5224730 - 2006 - Characters and phylogenetic relationships of nectar-feeding bats, with descriptions of new Lonchophylla from western South America (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Lonchophyllini)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:09","indexId":"5224730","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3147,"text":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characters and phylogenetic relationships of nectar-feeding bats, with descriptions of new Lonchophylla from western South America (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Lonchophyllini)","docAbstract":"The Neotropical Lonchophyllini (Chiropter: Phyllostomidae) currently comprise four genera and thirteen species of nectar-feeding bats. These species often are separated into larger-bodied (eight species) and smaller-bodied (five species) forms to aid in identification. Our morphological and morphometrical analyses of the smaller Lonchophyllini revealed the existence of two distinctive, previously undescribed species of bats of the genus Lonchophylla from western South America. We describe a new form from Amazonian Peru as Lonchophylla pattoni and one from western Colombia as Lonchophylla cadenai. Phyllogenetic analysis of the Lonchophyllini based primarily on morphological characters indicates that these two new species are closely related to Lonchophylla thomasi.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6682_Woodman.pdf","usgsCitation":"Woodman, N., and Timm, R.M., 2006, Characters and phylogenetic relationships of nectar-feeding bats, with descriptions of new Lonchophylla from western South America (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Lonchophyllini): Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, v. 119, no. 4, p. 437-476.","productDescription":"437-476","startPage":"437","endPage":"476","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16811,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2988%2F0006-324X%282006%29119%5B437%3ACAPRON%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"119","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4cb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodman, N. 0000-0003-2689-7373","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":104176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Timm, R. M.","contributorId":92376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Timm","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224661,"text":"5224661 - 2006 - Connectivity in an agricultural landscape as reflected by interpond movements of a freshwater turtle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:30","indexId":"5224661","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Connectivity in an agricultural landscape as reflected by interpond movements of a freshwater turtle","docAbstract":"Connectivity is a measure of how landscape features facilitate movement and thus is an important factor in species persistence in a fragmented landscape. The scarcity of empirical studies that directly quantify species movement and determine subsequent effects on population density have, however, limited the utility of connectivity measures in conservation planning. We undertook a 4-year study to calculate connectivity based on observed movement rates and movement probabilities for five age-sex classes of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) inhabiting a pond complex in an agricultural landscape in northern Virginia (U.S.A.). We determined which variables influenced connectivity and the relationship between connectivity and subpopulation density. Interpatch distance and quality of habitat patches influenced connectivity but characteristics of the intervening matrix did not. Adult female turtles were more influenced by the habitat quality of recipient ponds than other age-sex classes. The importance of connectivity on spatial population dynamics was most apparent during a drought. Population density and connectivity were low for one pond in a wet year but dramatically increased as other ponds dried. Connectivity is an important component of species persistence in a heterogeneous landscape and is strongly dependent on the movement behavior of the species. Connectivity may reflect active selection or avoidance of particular habitat patches. The influence of habitat quality on connectivity has often been ignored, but our findings highlight its importance. Conservation planners seeking to incorporate connectivity measures into reserve design should not ignore behavior in favor of purely structural estimates of connectivity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00355.x 6579_Bowne.pdf","usgsCitation":"Bowne, D., Bowers, M., and Hines, J., 2006, Connectivity in an agricultural landscape as reflected by interpond movements of a freshwater turtle: Conservation Biology, v. 20, no. 3, p. 780-791.","productDescription":"780-791","startPage":"780","endPage":"791","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16770,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118564161/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":202286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6998af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowne, D.R.","contributorId":59156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowne","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowers, M.A.","contributorId":78056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowers","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224657,"text":"5224657 - 2006 - Field evaluation of an avian risk assessment model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:12","indexId":"5224657","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field evaluation of an avian risk assessment model","docAbstract":"We conducted two laboratory subacute dietary toxicity tests and one outdoor subacute dietary toxicity test to determine the effectiveness of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's deterministic risk assessment model for evaluating the potential of adverse effects to birds in the field. We tested technical-grade diazinon and its D Z N- 50W (50% diazinon active ingredient wettable powder) formulation on Canada goose (Branta canadensis) goslings. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity was measured, and the feathers and skin, feet. and gastrointestinal contents were analyzed for diazinon residues. The dose-response curves showed that diazinon was significantly more toxic to goslings in the outdoor test than in the laboratory tests. The deterministic risk assessment method identified the potential for risk to birds in general, but the factors associated with extrapolating from the laboratory to the field, and from the laboratory test species to other species, resulted in the underestimation of risk to the goslings. The present study indicates that laboratory-based risk quotients should be interpreted with caution.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6574_Vyas.pdf","usgsCitation":"Vyas, N., Spann, J.W., Hulse, C., Borges, S., Bennett, R., Torrez, M., Williams, B., and Leffel, R., 2006, Field evaluation of an avian risk assessment model: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 25, no. 7, p. 1762-1771.","productDescription":"1762-1771","startPage":"1762","endPage":"1771","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16767,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122676444/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"25","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3b1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vyas, N.B. 0000-0003-0191-1319","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-1319","contributorId":65567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vyas","given":"N.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spann, J. W.","contributorId":93435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spann","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hulse, C.S.","contributorId":26035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hulse","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Borges, S.L.","contributorId":101344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borges","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bennett, R.S.","contributorId":16533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Torrez, M.","contributorId":78041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torrez","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Williams, B.I.","contributorId":11302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Leffel, R.","contributorId":101345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leffel","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":5224691,"text":"5224691 - 2006 - Model weights and the foundations of multimodel inference","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:10","indexId":"5224691","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Model weights and the foundations of multimodel inference","docAbstract":"Statistical thinking in wildlife biology and ecology has been profoundly influenced by the introduction of AIC (Akaike?s information criterion) as a tool for model selection and as a basis for model averaging. In this paper, we advocate the Bayesian paradigm as a broader framework for multimodel inference, one in which model averaging and model selection are naturally linked, and in which the performance of AIC-based tools is naturally evaluated. Prior model weights implicitly associated with the use of AIC are seen to highly favor complex models: in some cases, all but the most highly parameterized models in the model set are virtually ignored a priori. We suggest the usefulness of the weighted BIC (Bayesian information criterion) as a computationally simple alternative to AIC, based on explicit selection of prior model probabilities rather than acceptance of default priors associated with AIC. We note, however, that both procedures are only approximate to the use of exact Bayes factors. We discuss and illustrate technical difficulties associated with Bayes factors, and suggest approaches to avoiding these difficulties in the context of model selection for a logistic regression. Our example highlights the predisposition of AIC weighting to favor complex models and suggests a need for caution in using the BIC for computing approximate posterior model weights.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6623_Link.pdf","usgsCitation":"Link, W., and Barker, R.J., 2006, Model weights and the foundations of multimodel inference: Ecology, v. 87, no. 10, p. 2626-2635.","productDescription":"2626-2635","startPage":"2626","endPage":"2635","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16790,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87%5B2626%3AMWATFO%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"87","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699a04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barker, R. J.","contributorId":34222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224690,"text":"5224690 - 2006 - Evaluating cytochrome p450 in lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) and tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) by monooxygenase activity and immunohistochemistry: Possible nonlethal assessment by skin immunohistochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5224690","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating cytochrome p450 in lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) and tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) by monooxygenase activity and immunohistochemistry: Possible nonlethal assessment by skin immunohistochemistry","docAbstract":"Six-month-old lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) and nestling tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) were injected intraperitoneally with beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) in corn oil or in vehicle alone. Liver samples were taken and stored at -80 degrees C until microsome preparation and monooxygenase assay. Skin samples were placed in buffered formalin for subsequent immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis for cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A). Lesser scaup treated with BNF at 20 or 100 mg/kg body weight showed approximately 6- to 18-fold increases in four monooxygenases (benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase, ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase, methoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase, and pentoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase). No IHC response was observed for CYP1A in the skin of vehicle-injected ducks, whereas in the skin from BNF-treated ducks, the positive IHC response was of similar magnitude for both dose levels of BNF. Tree swallows injected with BNF at 100 mg/kg, but not at. 20 mg/kg, showed significant increases (approximately fivefold) in hepatic microsomal O-dealkylase activities. Cytochrome P4501A was undetectable by IHC response in skin from corn oil-treated swallows, but positive IHC responses were observed in the skin of one of five swallows at 20 mg/kg and four of five swallows at 100 mg/kg. Although these data do not allow construction of significant dose-response curves, the IHC responses for CYP1A in skin support the possible use of this nonlethal approach for biomonitoring contaminant exposure of birds. In addition, the CYP1A signal observed at the bases of emerging feathers suggest that these might provide less invasive sampling sites for IHC analysis of CYP1A.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6622_Melancon.pdf","usgsCitation":"Melancon, M.J., Kutay, A., Woodin, B.R., and Stegeman, J.J., 2006, Evaluating cytochrome p450 in lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) and tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) by monooxygenase activity and immunohistochemistry: Possible nonlethal assessment by skin immunohistochemistry: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 25, no. 10, p. 2613-2617.","productDescription":"2613-2617","startPage":"2613","endPage":"2617","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16789,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122675710/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"25","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a833","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Melancon, M. J.","contributorId":96206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kutay, A.L.","contributorId":19672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kutay","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodin, Bruce R.","contributorId":96632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodin","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":342370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stegeman, John J.","contributorId":55102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stegeman","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":342368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224696,"text":"5224696 - 2006 - Planning for robust reserve networks using uncertainty analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5224696","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Planning for robust reserve networks using uncertainty analysis","docAbstract":"Planning land-use for biodiversity conservation frequently involves computer-assisted reserve selection algorithms. Typically such algorithms operate on matrices of species presence?absence in sites, or on species-specific distributions of model predicted probabilities of occurrence in grid cells. There are practically always errors in input data?erroneous species presence?absence data, structural and parametric uncertainty in predictive habitat models, and lack of correspondence between temporal presence and long-run persistence. Despite these uncertainties, typical reserve selection methods proceed as if there is no uncertainty in the data or models. Having two conservation options of apparently equal biological value, one would prefer the option whose value is relatively insensitive to errors in planning inputs. In this work we show how uncertainty analysis for reserve planning can be implemented within a framework of information-gap decision theory, generating reserve designs that are robust to uncertainty. Consideration of uncertainty involves modifications to the typical objective functions used in reserve selection. Search for robust-optimal reserve structures can still be implemented via typical reserve selection optimization techniques, including stepwise heuristics, integer-programming and stochastic global search.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6628_Moilanen.pdf","usgsCitation":"Moilanen, A., Runge, M., Elith, J., Tyre, A., Carmel, Y., Fegraus, E., Wintle, B., Burgman, M., and Ben-Haim, Y., 2006, Planning for robust reserve networks using uncertainty analysis: Ecological Modelling, v. 199, no. 1, p. 115-124.","productDescription":"115-124","startPage":"115","endPage":"124","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16793,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VBS-4KNKH0N-1&_user=696292&_handle=V-WA-A-W-AC-MsSAYVW-UUA-U-AAZZUDWYUW-AAZBZCBZUW-ZEABVDAD-AC-U&_fmt=summary&_coverDate=11%2F01%2F2006&_rdoc=12&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235934%232006%23998009998%23634495!&_cdi=5934&view=c&_acct=C000038819&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=696292&md5=fbc57c11ecfbaf549d2cbc115ba6713e","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"199","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db685147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moilanen, A.","contributorId":91214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moilanen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runge, M.C. 0000-0002-8081-536X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":49312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elith, Jane","contributorId":14546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elith","given":"Jane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tyre, A.","contributorId":58741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyre","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carmel, Y.","contributorId":106613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carmel","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fegraus, E.","contributorId":44645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fegraus","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wintle, B.A.","contributorId":72100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wintle","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Burgman, M.","contributorId":13723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgman","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ben-Haim, Y.","contributorId":73315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ben-Haim","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":5224702,"text":"5224702 - 2006 - A regional assessment of salt marsh restoration and monitoring in the Gulf of Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:33","indexId":"5224702","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A regional assessment of salt marsh restoration and monitoring in the Gulf of Maine","docAbstract":"We compiled salt marsh monitoring datasets from 36 complete or imminent restoration projects in the Gulf of Maine to assess regional monitoring and restoration practices. Data were organized by functional indicators and restoration project types (culvert replacement, excavation works, or ditch plugging) then pooled to generate mean values for indicators before restoration, after restoration, and at reference sites. Monitoring data were checked against the regional standards of a voluntary protocol for the Gulf of Maine. Data inventories showed that vegetation and salinity indicators were most frequently collected (89 and 78% of sites, respectively), whereas nekton, bird, and hydrologic measures were collected at only about half of the sites. Reference conditions were monitored at 72% of sites. Indicators were analyzed to see if project sites were degraded relative to reference areas and to detect ecological responses to restoration activities. Results showed that compared to reference areas, prerestoration sites had smaller tidal ranges, reduced salinity levels, greater cover of brackish plants species, and lower cover of halophyte plants. Following restoration, physical factors rebounded rapidly with increased flood and salinity levels after about one year, especially for culvert projects. Biological responses were less definitive and occurred over longer time frames. Plant communities trended toward recovered halophytes and reduced brackish species at 3+ years following restoration. Nekton and avian indicators were indistinguishable among reference, impacted, and restored areas. The protocol was successful in demonstrating restoration response for the region, but results were limited by regional inconsistencies in field practices and relatively few multiyear datasets. To improve future assessment capabilities, we encourage greater adherence to the standard protocol throughout the Gulf of Maine salt marsh restoration community. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6640_Konisky.pdf","usgsCitation":"Konisky, R., Burdick, D., Dionne, M., and Neckles, H., 2006, A regional assessment of salt marsh restoration and monitoring in the Gulf of Maine: Restoration Ecology, v. 14, no. 4, p. 516-525.","productDescription":"516-525","startPage":"516","endPage":"525","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16799,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118554130/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a84a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konisky, R.A.","contributorId":41117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konisky","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burdick, D.M.","contributorId":57976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dionne, M.","contributorId":37453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dionne","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neckles, H.A.","contributorId":104179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neckles","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224697,"text":"5224697 - 2006 - Nest fate and productivity of American Oystercatchers, Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5224697","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest fate and productivity of American Oystercatchers, Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia","docAbstract":"The American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) is listed as a species of high priority by the U.S. Shorebird Conservation Plan and is state-listed as rare in Georgia; however, biologists have not focused on identifying the causes of egg and hatchling losses. In 2003 and 2004, continuous video monitoring was used to document reproductive success of American Oystercatchers and identify causes of nest failure at Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia. The modified Mayfield method and program CONTRAST were used to determine and compare survival of eggs and nestlings. Eleven pairs made 32 nest attempts during two seasons. Nine attempts were successful, fledging 15 chicks. Daily survival of clutches was 0.973 (95% CI = 0.960-0.987) for 2003, 0.985 (95% CI = 0.974-0.995) for 2004, and 0.979 (95% CI = 0.970-0.987) for combined years. Daily survival was greater on the North End, than on the South End of the island (X21 = 7.211, P = 0.007). Eighteen of 20 nest failures during the egg stage and one of eight chick losses were documented. Egg predators included raccoon (Procyon lotor, N = 9), bobcat (Lynx rufus, N = 3), and American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos, N = 1). A ghost crab (Ocypode quadata) preyed on one chick. Other causes of nest failure were tidal overwash (N = 1), horse trampling (N = 1), abandonment (N = 2), and human destruction (N = 1). The North End of the island has one of the highest reproductive rates reported along the Atlantic coast. Predator control may be an effective means of increasing reproductive success on the South End of the island.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6629_Sabine.pdf","usgsCitation":"Sabine, J.B., Schweitzer, S.H., and Meyers, J., 2006, Nest fate and productivity of American Oystercatchers, Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia: Waterbirds, v. 29, no. 3, p. 308-314.","productDescription":"308-314","startPage":"308","endPage":"314","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16794,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1675%2F1524-4695%282006%2929%5B308%3ANFAPOA%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae792","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sabine, J. B.","contributorId":84047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sabine","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schweitzer, Sara H.","contributorId":106614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweitzer","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyers, J.M.","contributorId":54307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224651,"text":"5224651 - 2006 - Small clusters of fast-growing trees enhance forest structure on restored bottomland sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5224651","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:29","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small clusters of fast-growing trees enhance forest structure on restored bottomland sites","docAbstract":"Despite the diversity of trees in bottomland forests, restoration on bottomland sites is often initiated by planting only a few species of slow-growing, hard mast?producing trees. Although successful at establishing trees, these young forests are slow to develop vertical structure, which is a key predictor of forest bird colonization. Furthermore, when natural seed sources are few, restored sites may be depauperate in woody species. To increase richness of woody species, maximum tree height, and total stem density, I supplemented traditional plantings on each of 40 bottomland restoration sites by planting 96 Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) and American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) in eight clusters of 12 trees. First year survival of cottonwood stem cuttings (25%) and sycamore seedlings (47%) was poor, but survival increased when afforded protection from competition with weeds. After five growing seasons, 165 of these 320 supplemental tree clusters had at least one surviving tree. Vegetation surrounding surviving clusters of supplemental trees harbored a greater number of woody species, increased stem density, and greater maximum tree height than was found on paired restoration sites without supplemental trees. These increases were primarily accounted for by the supplemental trees.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"doi: 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2006.00134.x 6564_Twedt.pdf","usgsCitation":"Twedt, D., 2006, Small clusters of fast-growing trees enhance forest structure on restored bottomland sites: Restoration Ecology, v. 14, no. 2, p. 316-320.","productDescription":"316-320","startPage":"316","endPage":"320","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16761,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118554099/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5ee0e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twedt, D.J. 0000-0003-1223-5045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":105009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224650,"text":"5224650 - 2006 - Estimating the abundance of mouse populations of known size: promises and pitfalls of new methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:30","indexId":"5224650","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:29","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the abundance of mouse populations of known size: promises and pitfalls of new methods","docAbstract":"Knowledge of animal abundance is fundamental to many ecological studies. Frequently, researchers cannot determine true abundance, and so must estimate it using a method such as mark-recapture or distance sampling. Recent advances in abundance estimation allow one to model heterogeneity with individual covariates or mixture distributions and to derive multimodel abundance estimators that explicitly address uncertainty about which model parameterization best represents truth. Further, it is possible to borrow information on detection probability across several populations when data are sparse. While promising, these methods have not been evaluated using mark?recapture data from populations of known abundance, and thus far have largely been overlooked by ecologists. In this paper, we explored the utility of newly developed mark?recapture methods for estimating the abundance of 12 captive populations of wild house mice (Mus musculus). We found that mark?recapture methods employing individual covariates yielded satisfactory abundance estimates for most populations. In contrast, model sets with heterogeneity formulations consisting solely of mixture distributions did not perform well for several of the populations. We show through simulation that a higher number of trapping occasions would have been necessary to achieve good estimator performance in this case. Finally, we show that simultaneous analysis of data from low abundance populations can yield viable abundance estimates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6562_Conn.pdf","usgsCitation":"Conn, P., Arthur, A., Bailey, L., and Singleton, G., 2006, Estimating the abundance of mouse populations of known size: promises and pitfalls of new methods: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 2, p. 829-837.","productDescription":"829-837","startPage":"829","endPage":"837","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc7ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conn, P.B.","contributorId":73974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conn","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arthur, A.D.","contributorId":59153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, L.L. 0000-0002-5959-2018","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-2018","contributorId":61006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"L.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Singleton, G.R.","contributorId":89641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singleton","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224643,"text":"5224643 - 2006 - Abundance of ringed seals (Pusa hispida) in the fjords of Spitsbergen, Svalbard, during the peak molting period","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T15:59:13","indexId":"5224643","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:29","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance of ringed seals (Pusa hispida) in the fjords of Spitsbergen, Svalbard, during the peak molting period","docAbstract":"Ringed seal (Pusa hispida) abundance in Spitsbergen, Svalbard, was estimated during the peak molting period via aerial, digital photographic surveys. A total of 9,145 images, covering 41.7%–100% of the total fast-ice cover (1,496 km2) of 18 different fjords and bays, were inspected for the presence of ringed seals. A total of 1,708 seals were counted, and when accounting for ice areas that were not covered by images, a total of 3,254 (95% CI: 3,071–3,449) ringed seals were estimated to be hauled out during the surveys. Extensive behavioral data from radio-tagged ringed seals (collected in a companion study) from one of the highest density fjords during the molting period were used to create a model that predicts the proportion of seals hauled out on any given date, time of day, and under various meteorological conditions. Applying this model to the count data from each fjord, we estimated that a total of 7,585 (95% CI: 6,332–9,085) ringed seals were present in the surveyed area during the peak molting period. Data on interannual variability in ringed seal abundance suggested higher numbers of seals in Van Keulenfjorden in 2002 compared to 2003, while other fjords with very stable ice cover showed no statistical differences. Poor ice conditions in general in 2002 probably resulted in seals from a wide area coming to Van Keulenfjorden (a large fjord with stable ice in 2002). The total estimated number of ringed seals present in the study area at the time of the survey must be regarded as a population index, or at least a minimum estimate for the area, because it does not account for individuals leaving and arriving, which might account for a considerable number of animals. The same situation is likely the case for many other studies reporting aerial census data for ringed seals. To achieve accurate estimates of population sizes from aerial surveys, more extensive knowledge of ringed seal behavior will be required.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00035.x","usgsCitation":"Krafft, B., Kovacs, K., Andersen, M., Aars, J., Lydersen, C., Ergon, T., and Haug, T., 2006, Abundance of ringed seals (Pusa hispida) in the fjords of Spitsbergen, Svalbard, during the peak molting period: Marine Mammal Science, v. 22, no. 2, p. 394-412, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00035.x.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"394","endPage":"412","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477285,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00035.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":197896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a3788","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krafft, B.A.","contributorId":38249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krafft","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kovacs, K.M.","contributorId":42319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovacs","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andersen, M.","contributorId":42320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aars, Jon","contributorId":91338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aars","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7238,"text":"Norwegian Polar Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":342216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lydersen, C.","contributorId":31494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lydersen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ergon, T.","contributorId":7801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ergon","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Haug, T.","contributorId":76429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haug","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70156293,"text":"70156293 - 2006 - Prediction of summer maximum and minimum temperature over the central and western United States: The roles of soil moisture and sea surface temperature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-09T12:12:12.928473","indexId":"70156293","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction of summer maximum and minimum temperature over the central and western United States: The roles of soil moisture and sea surface temperature","docAbstract":"A statistical model based on canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was used to explore climatic associations and predictability of June–August (JJA) maximum and minimum surface air temperatures (Tmax and Tmin) as well as the frequency of Tmax daily extremes (Tmax90) in the central and western United States (west of 90°W). Explanatory variables are monthly and seasonal Pacific Ocean SST (PSST) and the Climate Division Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) during 1950–2001. Although there is a positive correlation between Tmax and Tmin, the two variables exhibit somewhat different patterns and dynamics. Both exhibit their lowest levels of variability in summer, but that of Tmax is greater than Tmin. The predictability of Tmax is mainly associated with local effects related to previous soil moisture conditions at short range (one month to one season), with PSST providing a secondary influence. Predictability of Tmin is more strongly influenced by large-scale (PSST) patterns, with PDSI acting as a short-range predictive influence. For both predictand variables (Tmax and Tmin), the PDSI influence falls off markedly at time leads beyond a few months, but a PSST influence remains for at least two seasons. The maximum predictive skill for JJA Tmin, Tmax, and Tmax90 is from May PSST and PDSI. Importantly, skills evaluated for various seasons and time leads undergo a seasonal cycle that has maximum levels in summer. At the seasonal time frame, summer Tmax prediction skills are greatest in the Midwest, northern and central California, Arizona, and Utah. Similar results were found for Tmax90. In contrast, Tmin skill is spread over most of the western region, except for clusters of low skill in the northern Midwest and southern Montana, Idaho, and northern Arizona.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/JCLI3665.1","usgsCitation":"Alfaro, E.J., Gershunov, A., and Cayan, D.R., 2006, Prediction of summer maximum and minimum temperature over the central and western United States: The roles of soil moisture and sea surface temperature: Journal of Climate, v. 19, no. 8, p. 1407-1421, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3665.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1407","endPage":"1421","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli3665.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386986,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Western United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.9560546875,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -89.912109375,\n 29.267232865200878\n ],\n [\n -97.20703125,\n 25.997549919572112\n ],\n [\n -108.984375,\n 31.353636941500987\n ],\n [\n -110.9619140625,\n 31.42866311735861\n ],\n [\n -115.04882812499999,\n 32.509761735919426\n ],\n [\n -117.6416015625,\n 32.47269502206151\n ],\n [\n -118.740234375,\n 33.94335994657882\n ],\n [\n -120.9814453125,\n 34.813803317113155\n ],\n [\n -122.51953124999999,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -124.27734374999999,\n 40.38002840251183\n ],\n [\n -124.67285156250001,\n 42.90816007196054\n ],\n [\n -124.1455078125,\n 44.68427737181225\n ],\n [\n -124.5849609375,\n 47.54687159892238\n ],\n [\n -124.98046874999999,\n 49.32512199104001\n ],\n [\n -95.185546875,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -89.9560546875,\n 48.10743118848039\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d5a8b3e4b0518e3546a4dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alfaro, Eric J.","contributorId":146640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alfaro","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gershunov, Alexander","contributorId":45238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gershunov","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cayan, Daniel R. 0000-0002-2719-6811 drcayan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-6811","contributorId":1494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174705,"text":"70174705 - 2006 - Using role analysis to plan for stakeholder involvement: a Wyoming case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-14T15:45:13","indexId":"70174705","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-31T23:45:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using role analysis to plan for stakeholder involvement: a Wyoming case study","docAbstract":"Prior to implementing laws and policies regulating water, wildlife, wetlands, endangered species, and recreation, natural resource managers often solicit public input. Concomitantly, managers are continually seeking more effective ways to involve stakeholders. In the autumn of 1999, the Wyoming Game and Fish Department sought to develop a state management plan for its portion of the Yellowstone grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) population if it was removed from the federal threatened species list. A key aspect of developing this plan was the involvement of federal, state, and local agencies, representatives from nongovernmental organizations, and citizens. Wyoming wildlife managers asked researchers from the United States Geological Survey to demonstrate how the Legal-Institutional Analysis Model could be used to initiate this process. To address these needs, we conducted similar workshops for a group of state and federal managers or staffers and a broad group of stakeholders. Although we found similarities among the workshop groups, we also recorded differences in perspective between stakeholder groups. The managers group acknowledged the importance of varied stakeholders but viewed the grizzly bear planning process as one centered on state interests, influenced by state policies, and amenable to negotiation. The other workshops identified many stakeholders and viewed the decision process as diffuse, with many opportunities for entry into the process. These latter groups were less certain about the chance for a successful negotiation. We concluded that if these assumptions and differences were not reconciled, the public involvement effort was not likely to succeed.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[1306:URATPF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Burkardt, N., and Ponds, P.D., 2006, Using role analysis to plan for stakeholder involvement: a Wyoming case study: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 34, no. 5, p. 1306-1313, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[1306:URATPF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1306","endPage":"1313","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325265,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5788b7c0e4b0d27deb387049","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkardt, Nina 0000-0002-9392-9251 burkardtn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-9251","contributorId":2781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"Nina","email":"burkardtn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponds, Phadrea D.","contributorId":65156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponds","given":"Phadrea","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79464,"text":"sir20065240 - 2006 - Evaluation of emerging contaminants of concern at the South District Wastewater Treatment Plant based on seasonal sampling events, Miami-Dade County, Florida, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-06T19:25:02.684583","indexId":"sir20065240","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5240","title":"Evaluation of emerging contaminants of concern at the South District Wastewater Treatment Plant based on seasonal sampling events, Miami-Dade County, Florida, 2004","docAbstract":"The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan has identified highly treated wastewater as a possible water source for the restoration of natural water flows and hydroperiods in selected coastal areas, including the Biscayne Bay coastal wetlands. One potential source of reclaimed wastewater for the Biscayne Bay coastal wetlands is the effluent from the South District Wastewater Treatment Plant in southern Miami-Dade County. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan Wastewater Reuse Technology Pilot Project Delivery Team, initiated a study to assess the presence of emerging contaminants of concern in the South District Wastewater Treatment Plant influent and effluent using current wastewater-treatment methods. \r\n As part of the study, 24-hour composite and discrete samples were collected at six locations (influent at plants 1 and 2, effluent pump, reuse train, chlorine dioxide unit, and ultraviolet pilot unit) at the plant during: (1) a dry-season, low-flow event on March 2-3, 2004, with an average inflow rate of 83.7 million gallons per day; (2) a wet-season, average-flow event on July 20-21, 2004, with an average inflow rate of 89.7 million gallons per day; and (3) high-rate disinfection tests on October 5 and 20, 2004, with average flow rates of 84.1 and 119.6 million gallons per day, respectively. During these four sampling events, 26, 27, 29, and 35 constituents were detected, respectively. The following transformations in concentration were determined in the waste stream: -100 to 180 percent at the effluent pump and -100 to 85 percent at the reuse train on March 2-3, 2004, and -100 to 1,609 percent at the effluent pump and -100 to 832 percent at the reuse train on July 20-21, 2004; -100 to -37 percent at the effluent pump, -100 to -62 percent at the reuse train, -100 to -56 percent at the chlorine dioxide unit, and -100 to -40 percent at the ultraviolet pilot unit on October 5, 2004; and -100 to -4 percent at the effluent pump, -100 to 17 percent at the reuse train, -100 to -40 percent at the chlorine dioxide unit, and -100 to -14 percent at the ultraviolet pilot unit on October 20, 2004.\r\n Samples were tested for detection of household and industrial (organic) wastewater compounds, pharmaceutical compounds, antibiotic compounds, and hormones in influent. Two 'known' endocrine disrupting compounds?17 beta-estradiol (E2) and diethoxynonylphenol? and four 'suspected' endocrine-disrupting compounds?1,4-dichlorobenzene, benzophenone, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, and tris(dichloroisopropyl) phosphate?were detected during these sampling events. Phenanthrene and indole showed the greatest concentration ranges and highest concentrations for the organic wastewater compounds. Acetaminophen showed the greatest concentration range and highest concentration, and warfarin showed the smallest concentration range for the pharmaceutical compounds. Sulfamethoxazole (a sulfonamide) showed the greatest concentration range and highest concentration, and sulfathiozole (also a sulfonamide) showed the smallest concentration range for the antibiotic compounds. Two hormones, 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1), were detected in influent. \r\n Samples were also tested for detection of organic wastewater compounds, pharmaceutical compounds, antibiotic compounds, and hormones in effluent. Indole showed the greatest concentration range and highest concentration, and triphenyl phosphate showed the smallest concentration range for the organic wastewater compounds. Dehydronifedipine showed the greatest concentration range and highest concentration, and warfarin had the smallest concentration range for the pharmaceutical compounds. Anhydro-erythromycin (a macrolide degradation product) showed the greatest concentration range, and sulfadiazine (a sulfonamide) and tetracycline showed the lowest concentration ranges for the antibiotic compounds. One hormone, 17 beta-estradiol (E2), was det","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065240","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan","usgsCitation":"Lietz, A.C., and Meyer, M.T., 2006, Evaluation of emerging contaminants of concern at the South District Wastewater Treatment Plant based on seasonal sampling events, Miami-Dade County, Florida, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5240, viii, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065240.","productDescription":"viii, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9001,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5240/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":393965,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78703.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Miami-Dade County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.67260742187499,\n 25.388697990350824\n ],\n [\n -80.057373046875,\n 25.388697990350824\n ],\n [\n -80.057373046875,\n 26.115985925333536\n ],\n [\n -80.67260742187499,\n 26.115985925333536\n ],\n [\n -80.67260742187499,\n 25.388697990350824\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa681","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lietz, Arthur C.","contributorId":44910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lietz","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028637,"text":"70028637 - 2006 - Phylogeny and evolutionary history of old world suboscine birds (aves: Eurylaimides)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-18T15:05:31.067845","indexId":"70028637","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":739,"text":"American Museum Novitates","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phylogeny and evolutionary history of old world suboscine birds (aves: Eurylaimides)","docAbstract":"Molecular and morphological data were used to derive a phylogenetic hypothesis for the Eurylaimides, an Old World bird group now known to be distributed pantropically, and to investigate the evolution and biogeography of the group. Phylogenetic results indicated that the Eurylaimides consist of two monophyletic groups, the pittas (Pittidae) and the broadbills (Eurylaimidae sensu lato), and that the broadbills consist of two highly divergent clades, one containing the sister genera Smithornis and Calyptomena, the other containing Pseudocalyptomena graueri, Sapayoa aenigma, the asity genera Philepitta and Neodrepanis, and five Asian genera. Our results indicate that over a ~10 million year time span in the early Tertiary, the Eurylaimides came to inhabit widely disjunct tropical regions and evolved disparate morphology, diet, and breeding behavior. Biogeographically, although a southern origin for the lineage is likely, time estimates for major lineage splitting do not correspond to Gondwanan vicariance events, and the biogeographic history of the crown clade is better explained by Laurasian climatic and geological processes. In particular, the timing and phylogenetic pattern suggest a likely Laurasian origin for the sole New World representative of the group, Sapayoa aenigma.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1206/0003-0082(2006)3544[1:PAEHOO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00030082","usgsCitation":"Moyle, R., Chesser, R., Prum, R.O., Schikler, P., and Cracraft, J., 2006, Phylogeny and evolutionary history of old world suboscine birds (aves: Eurylaimides): American Museum Novitates, no. 3544, p. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0082(2006)3544[1:PAEHOO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/169140","text":"External Repository"},{"id":434900,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"3544","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a53e4b0c8380cd78e63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moyle, R.G.","contributorId":94016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyle","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chesser, R.T. 0000-0003-4389-7092","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-7092","contributorId":34616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesser","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prum, R. O.","contributorId":10132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prum","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schikler, P.","contributorId":108230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schikler","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cracraft, J.","contributorId":56768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cracraft","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70184341,"text":"70184341 - 2006 - Denitrification across landscapes and waterscapes: A synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-01T16:16:52","indexId":"70184341","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denitrification across landscapes and waterscapes: A synthesis","docAbstract":"Denitrification is a critical process regulating the removal of bioavailable nitrogen (N) from natural and human-altered systems. While it has been extensively studied in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine systems, there has been limited communication among denitrification scientists working in these individual systems. Here, we compare rates of denitrification and controlling factors across a range of ecosystem types. We suggest that terrestrial, freshwater, and marine systems in which denitrification occurs can be organized along a continuum ranging from (1) those in which nitrification and denitrification are tightly coupled in space and time to (2) those in which nitrate production and denitrification are relatively decoupled.
In aquatic ecosystems, N inputs influence denitrification rates whereas hydrology and geomorphology influence the proportion of N inputs that are denitrified. Relationships between denitrification and water residence time and N load are remarkably similar across lakes, river reaches, estuaries, and continental shelves.
Spatially distributed global models of denitrification suggest that continental shelf sediments account for the largest portion (44%) of total global denitrification, followed by terrestrial soils (22%) and oceanic oxygen minimum zones (OMZs; 14%). Freshwater systems (groundwater, lakes, rivers) account for about 20% and estuaries 1% of total global denitrification. Denitrification of land-based N sources is distributed somewhat differently. Within watersheds, the amount of land-based N denitrified is generally highest in terrestrial soils, with progressively smaller amounts denitrified in groundwater, rivers, lakes and reservoirs, and estuaries. A number of regional exceptions to this general trend of decreasing denitrification in a downstream direction exist, including significant denitrification in continental shelves of N from terrestrial sources. Though terrestrial soils and groundwater are responsible for much denitrification at the watershed scale, per-area denitrification rates in soils and groundwater (kg N·km−2·yr−1) are, on average, approximately one-tenth the per-area rates of denitrification in lakes, rivers, estuaries, continental shelves, or OMZs. A number of potential approaches to increase denitrification on the landscape, and thus decrease N export to sensitive coastal systems exist. However, these have not generally been widely tested for their effectiveness at scales required to significantly reduce N export at the whole watershed scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2064:DALAWA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Seitzinger, S., Harrison, J., Böhlke, J., Bouwman, A., Lowrance, R., Peterson, B., Tobias, C., and Van Drecht, G., 2006, Denitrification across landscapes and waterscapes: A synthesis: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 6, p. 2064-2090, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2064:DALAWA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"27 p. ","startPage":"2064","endPage":"2090","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4707","text":"External Repository"},{"id":336966,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4fbe4b014cc3a3ba507","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seitzinger, S.","contributorId":187618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seitzinger","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrison, J. A.","contributorId":73434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrison","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bouwman, A.F.","contributorId":182430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bouwman","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lowrance, R.","contributorId":6198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowrance","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, B.","contributorId":95412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tobias, C.","contributorId":101435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tobias","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Van Drecht, G.","contributorId":187617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Drecht","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":79404,"text":"ofr20051299 - 2006 - Final integrated trip report: site visits to Area 50, Andersen Air Force Base, Guam National Wildlife Refuge, War in the Pacific National Historical Park, Guam, Rota and Saipan, CNMI, 2004-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-15T14:35:25","indexId":"ofr20051299","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1299","title":"Final integrated trip report: site visits to Area 50, Andersen Air Force Base, Guam National Wildlife Refuge, War in the Pacific National Historical Park, Guam, Rota and Saipan, CNMI, 2004-2005","docAbstract":"Limestone forests are the most diverse natural plant communities of Guam. Like other natural vegetation types, these forests have a long history of anthropogenic disturbances, being altered and shaped by humans for more than 4,000 years. Although this occupation represents a relatively long human influence in comparison to other Pacific islands, animals associated with humans, such as commensal rodents, arrived in these islands beginning only 1,000 years ago, and larger mammals, such as pigs (Sus scrofa), may not have arrived until European contact. Limestone forests, which also occur on several other Mariana Islands, developed in the presence of frequent tropical storms and are therefore well adapted to this type of natural disturbance regime. However, recent human activities including large scale clearing and conversion combined with the presence of high levels of alien herbivores and seed predators, and the loss of ecological services provided by the former native avifauna may be causing the decline of Guam's forests. Limestone forests on northern Guam, much like those of other Mariana Islands, were heavily cleared for the construction of military installations during World War II. The accidental introduction of the Brown Tree Snake (Boiga irregularis; BTS) around this same period subsequently accelerated the disappearance of Guam's native avifauna and other endemic terrestrial vertebrates, and with them, seed dispersal, pollination, and the predatory regulation of herbivorous insects.
\nGuam and the Mariana Islands contained a high proportion (32 pecent) of endemic bird species, with 4 forms endemic to Guam alone: the now extinct Guam Flycatcher (Myiagra freycineti), and Guam Bridled White-eye (Zosterops conspicillatpicillata), one of three island endemic subspecies from the Marianas; Guam rail (Rallus owstonii); and Guam Kingfisher (Todiramphus cinnamominus cinnamominus), an island endemic subspecies of the regionally endemic Micronesian Kingfisher. Guam once supported the Mariana Gallinule (Gallinula chloropus guami), the Mariana Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos oustaleti), Mariana Fruit-Dove (Ptilinopus roseicapilla), White-throated Ground Dove (Gallicolumba xanthonura xanthonura), Mariana Crow (Corvus kubaryi), and the Nightingale Reed-warbler (Acrocephalus luscinia), all endemic to the Mariana Islands. Other regionally endemic endangered species include the Micronesian Megapode (Megapodius laperouse), and the Mariana Swiftlet (Aerodramus bartschi), now reduced to a small population on Guam.
\nLikewise, the flora of Guam is unique, with 21percent of its native vascular plants endemic to the Mariana Islands. In limestone forests of Northern Guam, a number of tall forest tree species such as joga, Elaeocarpus joga (Elaeocarpaceae); pengua or Macaranga thompsonii (Euphorbiaceae); ifit or Intsia bijuga (Fabaceae); seeded breadfruit or Artocarpus marianensis (Moraceae); and umumu or Pisonia grandis (Nyctaginaceae) may be in decline as a result of herbivory by mammals. All show reduced regeneration and age distributions highly skewed towards older individuals. These species provided important habitat for some of Guam's endangered forest birds that remain in captivity such as the Mariana Crow, Guam Kingfisher, and Guam Rail. The recent high frequency of intense tropical storms and herbivory caused by large populations of feral pigs and Philippine sambar deer (Cervus mariannus), as well as invasive alien vines that may suppress tree regeneration, could be permanently altering the structure of regenerating forests and composition of important canopy species on secondary limestone substrates that were cleared and compacted during airfield construction from 1944 through the 1970s. Guam National Wildlife Refuge (GNWR) was established at Ritidian Point, after it was determined to be excess property by the U.S. Navy. Most of the refuge, about 9,087 hectares, is an 'overlay refuge' on lands administered by the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy. Although the military mission comes first on these lands, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service assists in protecting native species and habitats. The recovery of limestone forest on Guam for forest bird habitat may require intensive management, including reduction of feral herbivores, propagation, out-planting, weed control, and periodic suppression of herbivorous insects. Research to support these techniques may be best accomplished in small areas where potential limiting factors can easily be experimentally manipulated.
\nArea 50, a 24 ha enclosure, contains a relictual patch of relatively undisturbed limestone forest surrounded by tarmac allowing easy access and management opportunities to control alien mammals and snakes. These species have been periodically managed in the past, but recent typhoons have damaged snake-proofing on the enclosure fence. A new concrete barrier is planned to provide more permanent control opportunities within this enclosed area or another similar area, thereby allowing experimental research for various management regimes. Eradication and control of alien vertebrate and plant pests will provide habitat where native communities can be restored in a small, intensively managed area. The stated aim of this project is to \"affect ecosystem restoration through the removal and exclusion of introduced species and the reestablishment and propagation of native species, with focus on the reintroduction of native forest bird species.\" This will be achieved by constructing a multispecies barrier surrounding the area, coordinated eradication of selected alien species within the area, and possible reintroduction of Mariana Crow, Guam Kingfisher, and Guam Rail. This barrier also allows experimental research questions to be addressed within the small enclosure around Area 50 that may be applied to manage and restore the larger areas of limestone forest on northern Guam and also similar forests on other islands of the Marianas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051299","usgsCitation":"Hess, S., and Pratt, L.W., 2006, Final integrated trip report: site visits to Area 50, Andersen Air Force Base, Guam National Wildlife Refuge, War in the Pacific National Historical Park, Guam, Rota and Saipan, CNMI, 2004-2005 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1299, iii, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051299.","productDescription":"iii, 52 p.","numberOfPages":"55","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051299.GIF"},{"id":8910,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1299/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":279116,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1299/of2005-1299.pdf"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 144.5,15 ], [ 144.5,16 ], [ 145.5,16 ], [ 145.5,15 ], [ 144.5,15 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f478b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hess, Steven C.","contributorId":74462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"Steven C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, Linda W. lpratt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Linda","email":"lpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70242028,"text":"70242028 - 2006 - Reconciling carbon-cycle concepts, terminology, and methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T13:36:14.487626","indexId":"70242028","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-17T11:50:29","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconciling carbon-cycle concepts, terminology, and methods","docAbstract":"Recent projections of climatic change have focused a great deal of scientific and public attention on patterns of carbon (C) cycling as well as its controls, particularly the factors that determine whether an ecosystem is a net source or sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Net ecosystem production (NEP), a central concept in C-cycling research, has been used by scientists to represent two different concepts. We propose that NEP be restricted to just one of its two original definitions—the imbalance between gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER). We further propose that a new term—net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB)—be applied to the net rate of C accumulation in (or loss from [negative sign]) ecosystems. Net ecosystem carbon balance differs from NEP when C fluxes other than C fixation and respiration occur, or when inorganic C enters or leaves in dissolved form. These fluxes include the leaching loss or lateral transfer of C from the ecosystem; the emission of volatile organic C, methane, and carbon monoxide; and the release of soot and CO2 from fire. Carbon fluxes in addition to NEP are particularly important determinants of NECB over long time scales. However, even over short time scales, they are important in ecosystems such as streams, estuaries, wetlands, and cities. Recent technological advances have led to a diversity of approaches to the measurement of C fluxes at different temporal and spatial scales. These approaches frequently capture different components of NEP or NECB and can therefore be compared across scales only by carefully specifying the fluxes included in the measurements. By explicitly identifying the fluxes that comprise NECB and other components of the C cycle, such as net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and net biome production (NBP), we can provide a less ambiguous framework for understanding and communicating recent changes in the global C cycle.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-005-0105-7","usgsCitation":"Chapin, F.S., Woodwell, G., Randerson, J.T., Rastetter, E.B., Lovett, G., Baldocchi, D.D., Clark, D.A., Harmon, M.E., Schimel, D.S., Valentini, R., Wirth, C., Aber, J.D., Cole, J.J., Goulden, M.L., Harden, J.W., Heimann, M., Howarth, R.W., Matson, P.A., McGuire, A., Melillo, J.M., Mooney, H.A., Neff, J.C., Houghton, R.A., Pace, M.L., Ryan, M.G., Running, S.W., Sala, O.E., Schlesinger, W.H., and Schulze, E.#., 2006, Reconciling carbon-cycle concepts, terminology, and methods: Ecosystems, v. 9, p. 1041-1050, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-005-0105-7.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1041","endPage":"1050","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/ntsg_pubs/159","text":"External Repository"},{"id":415225,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapin, F. S. III","contributorId":16776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapin","given":"F.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodwell, G. M.","contributorId":303913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodwell","given":"G. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Randerson, J. T.","contributorId":41181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Randerson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rastetter, E. B.","contributorId":48342,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rastetter","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lovett, G.","contributorId":104317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovett","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baldocchi, D. D.","contributorId":99709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baldocchi","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Clark, D. A.","contributorId":57488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Harmon, M. E.","contributorId":80452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harmon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schimel, D. S.","contributorId":84104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schimel","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Valentini, R.","contributorId":303914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valentini","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wirth, C.","contributorId":87334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wirth","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Aber, J. D.","contributorId":102759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aber","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Cole, J. J.","contributorId":25746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cole","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Goulden, M. L.","contributorId":35095,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goulden","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Heimann, M.","contributorId":303949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heimann","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Howarth, R. W.","contributorId":48126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howarth","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Matson, P. A.","contributorId":303950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Melillo, J. M.","contributorId":73139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Mooney, H. A.","contributorId":104219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mooney","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Neff, J. C.","contributorId":29935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Houghton, R. A.","contributorId":303951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Pace, M. L.","contributorId":72542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pace","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Ryan, M. G.","contributorId":189901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Running, S. W.","contributorId":51257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Running","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Sala, O. E.","contributorId":8775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sala","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Schlesinger, W. H.","contributorId":46787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schlesinger","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Schulze, E. #NAME?","contributorId":111878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schulze","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"#NAME?","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29}]}} ,{"id":70242026,"text":"70242026 - 2006 - Detecting compaction disequilibrium with anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-04T16:32:26.141284","indexId":"70242026","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-03T11:27:13","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9540,"text":"Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detecting compaction disequilibrium with anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility","docAbstract":"In clay-rich sediment, microstructures and macrostructures influence how sediments deform when under stress. When lithology is fairly constant, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) can be a simple technique for measuring the relative consolidation state of sediment, which reflects the sediment burial history. AMS can reveal areas of high water content and apparent overconsolidation associated with unconformities where sediment overburden has been removed. Many other methods for testing consolidation and water content are destructive and invasive, whereas AMS provides a nondestructive means to focus on areas for additional geotechnical study. In zones where the magnetic minerals are undergoing diagenesis, AMS should not be used for detecting compaction state. By utilizing AMS in the Santa Barbara Basin, we were able to identify one clear unconformity and eight zones of high water content in three cores. With the addition of susceptibility, anhysteretic remanent magnetization, and isothermal remanent magnetization rock magnetic techniques, we excluded 3 out of 11 zones from being compaction disequilibria. The AMS signals for these three zones are the result of diagenesis, coring deformation, and burrows. In addition, using AMS eigenvectors, we are able to accurately show the direction of maximum compression for the accumulation zone of the Gaviota Slide.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006GC001378","usgsCitation":"Schwehr, K., Tauxe, L., Driscoll, N., and Lee, H., 2006, Detecting compaction disequilibrium with anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, v. 7, no. 11, Q11002, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GC001378.","productDescription":"Q11002, 18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gc001378","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":415177,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwehr, Kurt","contributorId":303912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwehr","given":"Kurt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tauxe, Lisa","contributorId":210311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tauxe","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Driscoll, Neal","contributorId":295723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Neal","affiliations":[{"id":38264,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Homa J. hjlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":1021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Homa J.","email":"hjlee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":868593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}