Low-flow, base-flow, and mean-flow characteristics are an important part of assessing water resources in a watershed. These streamflow characteristics can be used by watershed planners and regulators to determine water availability, water-use allocations, assimilative capacities of streams, and aquatic-habitat needs. Streamflow characteristics are commonly predicted by use of regression equations when a nearby streamflow-gaging station is not available.
Regression equations for predicting low-flow, base-flow, and mean-flow characteristics for Pennsylvania streams were developed from data collected at 293 continuous- and partial-record streamflow-gaging stations with flow unaffected by upstream regulation, diversion, or mining. Continuous-record stations used in the regression analysis had 9 years or more of data, and partial-record stations used had seven or more measurements collected during base-flow conditions. The state was divided into five low-flow regions and regional regression equations were developed for the 7-day, 10-year; 7-day, 2-year; 30-day, 10-year; 30-day, 2-year; and 90-day, 10-year low flows using generalized least-squares regression. Statewide regression equations were developed for the 10-year, 25-year, and 50-year base flows using generalized least-squares regression. Statewide regression equations were developed for harmonic mean and mean annual flow using weighted least-squares regression.
Basin characteristics found to be significant explanatory variables at the 95-percent confidence level for one or more regression equations were drainage area, basin slope, thickness of soil, stream density, mean annual precipitation, mean elevation, and the percentage of glaciation, carbonate bedrock, forested area, and urban area within a basin. Standard errors of prediction ranged from 33 to 66 percent for the n-day, T-year low flows; 21 to 23 percent for the base flows; and 12 to 38 percent for the mean annual flow and harmonic mean, respectively. The regression equations are not valid in watersheds with upstream regulation, diversions, or mining activities. Watersheds with karst features need close examination as to the applicability of the regression-equation results.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065130","usgsCitation":"Stuckey, M.H., 2006, Low-flow, base-flow, and mean-flow regression equations for Pennsylvania streams: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5130, iv, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065130.","productDescription":"iv, 84 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8324,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5130/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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edition"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70128273,"text":"70128273 - 2014 - Pesticide Toxicity Index: a tool for assessing potential toxicity of pesticide mixtures to freshwater aquatic organisms","indexId":"70128273","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Pesticide Toxicity Index: a tool for assessing potential toxicity of pesticide mixtures to freshwater aquatic organisms"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70128273,"text":"70128273 - 2014 - Pesticide Toxicity Index: a tool for assessing potential toxicity of pesticide mixtures to freshwater aquatic organisms","indexId":"70128273","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Pesticide Toxicity Index: a tool for assessing potential toxicity of pesticide mixtures to freshwater aquatic organisms"},"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-13T11:05:17","indexId":"sir20065148","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5148","title":"Pesticide toxicity index for freshwater aquatic organisms, 2nd edition","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program is designed to assess current water-quality conditions, changes in water quality over time, and the effects of natural and human factors on water quality for the Nation's streams and ground-water resources. For streams, one of the most difficult parts of the assessment is to link chemical conditions to effects on aquatic biota, particularly for pesticides, which tend to occur in streams as complex mixtures with strong seasonal patterns. A Pesticide Toxicity Index (PTI) was developed that combines pesticide exposure of aquatic biota (measured concentrations of pesticides in stream water) with acute toxicity estimates (standard endpoints from laboratory bioassays) to produce a single index value for a sample or site. The development of the PTI was limited to pesticide compounds routinely measured in NAWQA studies and to toxicity data readily available from existing databases. Qualifying toxicity data were found for one or more types of test organisms for 124 of the 185 pesticide compounds measured in NAWQA samples, but with a wide range of available bioassays per compound (1 to 232). In the databases examined, there were a total of 3,669 bioassays for the 124 compounds, including 398 48-hour EC50 values (concentration at which 50 percent of test organisms exhibit a sublethal response) for freshwater cladocerans, 699 96-hour LC50 values (concentration lethal to 50 percent of test organisms) for freshwater benthic invertebrates, and 2,572 96-hour LC50 values for freshwater fish. The PTI for a particular sample is the sum of toxicity quotients (measured concentration divided by the median toxicity concentration from bioassays) for each detected pesticide, and thus, is based on the concentration addition model of pesticide toxicity. The PTI can be calculated for specific groups of pesticides and for specific taxonomic groups. Although the PTI does not determine whether water in a sample is toxic to aquatic organisms, its values can be used to rank or compare the toxicity of samples or sites on a relative basis for use in further analysis or additional assessments. The PTI approach may be useful as a basis for comparing the potential significance of pesticides in different streams on a common basis, for evaluating relations between pesticide exposure and observed biological conditions, and for prioritizing where further studies are most needed.
","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065148","collaboration":"See WRI 2001-4077 for Index 1st edition","usgsCitation":"Munn, M.D., Gilliom, R.J., Moran, P.W., and Nowell, L.H., 2006, Pesticide toxicity index for freshwater aquatic organisms, 2nd edition (2nd edition): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5148, vi, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065148.","productDescription":"vi, 81 p.","numberOfPages":"87","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8317,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5148/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"2nd edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688360","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Munn, Mark D. 0000-0002-7154-7252 mdmunn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7154-7252","contributorId":976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munn","given":"Mark","email":"mdmunn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moran, Patrick W. 0000-0002-2002-3539 pwmoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2002-3539","contributorId":489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Patrick","email":"pwmoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nowell, Lisa H. 0000-0001-5417-7264 lhnowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5417-7264","contributorId":490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowell","given":"Lisa","email":"lhnowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":77044,"text":"sir20065124 - 2006 - Ground-water movement and water quality in Lake Point, Tooele County, Utah, 1999-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T10:25:09","indexId":"sir20065124","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5124","title":"Ground-water movement and water quality in Lake Point, Tooele County, Utah, 1999-2003","docAbstract":"Water-level and water-quality data in Lake Point, Tooele County, Utah, were collected during August 1999 through August 2003. Water levels in Lake Point generally declined about 1 to 2 feet from July 2001 to July 2003, likely because of less-than-average precipitation. Ground water generally flows in two directions from the Oquirrh Mountains. One component flows north toward the regional topographic low, Great Salt Lake. The other component generally flows southwest toward a substantial spring complex, Factory/Dunne's Pond. This southwest component flows through a coarse gravel deposit believed to be a shoreline feature of historic Lake Bonneville. The dominant water-quality trend in Lake Point is an increase in dissolved-solids concentration with proximity to Great Salt Lake. The water type changes from calcium-bicarbonate adjacent to the Oquirrh Mountains to sodium-chloride with proximity to Great Salt Lake. Evaluation of chloride-bromide weight ratios indicates a mixture of fresher recharge waters with a brine similar to what currently exists in Great Salt Lake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065124","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Tooele County, Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights; and Lke Point Improvement District","usgsCitation":"Kenney, T., Wright, S., and Stolp, B., 2006, Ground-water movement and water quality in Lake Point, Tooele County, Utah, 1999-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5124, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065124.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8203,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5124/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Tooele County","otherGeospatial":"Lake Point","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.3,40.65 ], [ -112.3,40.7 ], [ -112.23333333333333,40.7 ], [ -112.23333333333333,40.65 ], [ -112.3,40.65 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667421","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kenney, T.A.","contributorId":44628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenney","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, S.J.","contributorId":92765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stolp, Bernard J. 0000-0003-3803-1497","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-1497","contributorId":71942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolp","given":"Bernard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":77052,"text":"gip35 - 2006 - 1976 Big Thompson flood, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:23","indexId":"gip35","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"35","title":"1976 Big Thompson flood, Colorado","docAbstract":"In the early evening of July 31, 1976, a large stationary thunderstorm released as much as 7.5 inches of rainfall in about an hour (about 12 inches in a few hours) in the upper reaches of the Big Thompson River drainage. This large amount of rainfall in such a short period of time produced a flash flood that caught residents and tourists by surprise. The immense volume of water that churned down the narrow Big Thompson Canyon scoured the river channel and destroyed everything in its path, including 418 homes, 52 businesses, numerous bridges, paved and unpaved roads, power and telephone lines, and many other structures. The tragedy claimed the lives of 144 people. Scores of other people narrowly escaped with their lives.\r\n\r\nThe Big Thompson flood ranks among the deadliest of Colorado's recorded floods. It is one of several destructive floods in the United States that has shown the necessity of conducting research to determine the causes and effects of floods. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducts research and operates a Nationwide streamgage network to help understand and predict the magnitude and likelihood of large streamflow events such as the Big Thompson Flood. Such research and streamgage information are part of an ongoing USGS effort to reduce flood hazards and to increase public awareness.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/gip35","isbn":"1411310098","collaboration":"See also Professional Paper 1115","usgsCitation":"Jarrett, R.D., and Vandas, S., 2006, 1976 Big Thompson flood, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 35, 1 poster, 46 x 40 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip35.","productDescription":"1 poster, 46 x 40 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_35.jpg"},{"id":8217,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/2006/35/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4911e4b0b290850eedb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarrett, R. D. (compiler)","contributorId":99656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"R.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vandas, S.J.","contributorId":89919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandas","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":77051,"text":"ofr20061206 - 2006 - Preliminary estimate of coal resources in the Gillette coalfield affected by the location of the Burlington Northern/Union Pacific joint mainline railroad","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:07","indexId":"ofr20061206","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1206","title":"Preliminary estimate of coal resources in the Gillette coalfield affected by the location of the Burlington Northern/Union Pacific joint mainline railroad","docAbstract":"This publication, primarily in graphic form, presents a preliminary resource assessment related to a major, near-term restriction to mining in that portion of the Gillette coalfield, Wyoming, that is traversed by the Burlington Northern/Union Pacific joint mainline railroad. This assessment is part of a current Powder River Basin regional coal assessment, including both resources and reserves, being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey. The slides were used to illustrate a presentation of study results at a meeting of the Bureau of Land Management's Regional Coal Team in Casper, Wyoming on April 19, 2006 by the senior author.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061206","usgsCitation":"Rohrbacher, T.J., Haacke, J., Scott, D.C., Osmonson, L.M., and Luppens, J.A., 2006, Preliminary estimate of coal resources in the Gillette coalfield affected by the location of the Burlington Northern/Union Pacific joint mainline railroad (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1206, iv, 16 p. presentation, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061206.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p. presentation","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8216,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1206/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c44f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rohrbacher, Timothy J.","contributorId":20355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohrbacher","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haacke, Jon E.","contributorId":86054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haacke","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, David C. 0000-0002-7925-7452 dscott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-7452","contributorId":629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"David","email":"dscott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":288409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Osmonson, Lee M.","contributorId":33322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osmonson","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":288411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luppens, James A. 0000-0001-7607-8750 jluppens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7607-8750","contributorId":550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luppens","given":"James","email":"jluppens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":77045,"text":"ofr20061200 - 2006 - Scoping of flood hazard mapping needs for Coos County, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:22","indexId":"ofr20061200","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1200","title":"Scoping of flood hazard mapping needs for Coos County, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"This report was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) New Hampshire/ Vermont Water Science Center for scoping of flood-hazard mapping needs for Coos County, New Hampshire, under Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Inter-Agency agreement Number HSFE01-05X-0018. One of the priorities for FEMA, Region 1, is to develop updated Digital Flood Insurance Rate Maps (DFIRMs) and Flood Insurance Studies (FIS) for Coos County, New Hampshire. The information provided in this report will be used to develop the scope for the first phase of a multiyear project that will ultimately result in the production of new DFIRMs and FIS for the communities and flooding sources in Coos County.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061200","usgsCitation":"Flynn, R.H., 2006, Scoping of flood hazard mapping needs for Coos County, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1200, vi, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061200.","productDescription":"vi, 67 p.","numberOfPages":"73","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8204,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1200/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.25,44.25 ], [ -71.25,45.25 ], [ -71,45.25 ], [ -71,44.25 ], [ -71.25,44.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd0ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flynn, Robert H. rflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Robert","email":"rflynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":77043,"text":"cir1295 - 2006 - Drought of 1998-2002: impacts on Florida's hydrology and landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:44","indexId":"cir1295","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1295","title":"Drought of 1998-2002: impacts on Florida's hydrology and landscape","docAbstract":"Lower than normal precipitation caused a severe statewide drought in Florida from 1998 to 2002. Based on precipitation and streamflow records dating to the early 1900s, the drought was one of the worst ever to affect the State. In terms of severity, this drought was comparable to the drought of 1949-1957 in duration and had record-setting low flows in several basins. The drought was particularly severe over the 5-year period in the northwest, northeast, and southwest regions of Florida, where rainfall deficits ranged from 9-10 in. below normal (southwest Florida) to 38-40 in. below normal (northwest Florida). Within these regions, the drought caused record-low streamflows in several river basins, increased freshwater withdrawals, and created hazardous conditions ripe for wildfires, sinkhole development, and even the draining of lakes. South Florida was affected primarily in 2001, when the region experienced below-average streamflow conditions; however, cumulative rainfall in south Florida never fell below the 30-year normal. The four regions of Florida, as referred to throughout this report, are defined based upon U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data collection regions in Florida.\r\n\r\nRecord-low flows were reported at several streamflow-gaging stations throughout the State, including the Withlacoochee River at Trilby, which reached zero flow on June 10-11, 2000, for the first time during the period of record (1928-2004). Streamflow conditions varied across the State from 31 percent of average flow in 2000 in southwest Florida, to 100 percent of average in 1999 in south Florida. Low-flow recurrence intervals during the drought ranged from less than 2 years at three locations to greater than 50 years at many locations.\r\n\r\nDuring the 1998-2002 drought, ground-water levels at many wells across the State declined to elevations not seen in many years. At some wells, ground-water levels reached record lows for their period of record. Florida Water Management Districts responded by issuing water-shortage mandates to curb water use during the spring months of 2000. Generally, freshwater withdrawals increased 13 percent between 1995 and 2000 as a result of the dry conditions.\r\n\r\nHundreds of new sinkholes developed across the State. Lake Jackson, in northwest Florida near Tallahassee, experienced its eighth and ninth drawdowns of the past 100 years, and became nearly dry. Numerous other lakes in northern and central Florida experienced similar events. Water restrictions were put into effect in urban areas of the northeast, southwest, and south Florida regions. Wildfires periodically raged over parts of Florida throughout the period, when tinder-dry undergrowth caught fire from lightning strikes or manmade causes. Smoke from these fires caused traffic delays as sections of major highways and interstate lanes forced traffic to slow to a crawl or were closed. Wildfire statistics (Florida Division of Forestry) show that 25,137 fires burned 1.5 million acres between 1998 and 2002. Finally, rainfall that occurred in late 2002, in 2003, and from a tropical storm and four hurricanes in 2004 ended this drought. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/cir1295","isbn":"1411310349","usgsCitation":"Verdi, R.J., Tomlinson, S.A., and Marella, R.L., 2006, Drought of 1998-2002: impacts on Florida's hydrology and landscape: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1295, viii, 34 p.: foldout ill. (Fig. 5, Table 2), 11 x 17 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1295.","productDescription":"viii, 34 p.: foldout ill. (Fig. 5, Table 2), 11 x 17 in.","numberOfPages":"44","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1998-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":8326,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/circ1295/ ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1295.bmp"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.63333333333334,24.55 ], [ -87.63333333333334,31 ], [ -80,31 ], [ -80,24.55 ], [ -87.63333333333334,24.55 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db628344","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verdi, Richard Jay","contributorId":51859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdi","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Jay","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tomlinson, Stewart A.","contributorId":76002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomlinson","given":"Stewart","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marella, Richard L. 0000-0003-4861-9841 rmarella@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4861-9841","contributorId":2443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marella","given":"Richard","email":"rmarella@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":77042,"text":"sir20065114 - 2006 - Simulation of proposed increases in ground-water withdrawals on the Atlantic City 800-foot sand, New Jersey Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-06T21:26:55.850337","indexId":"sir20065114","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5114","title":"Simulation of proposed increases in ground-water withdrawals on the Atlantic City 800-foot sand, New Jersey Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"The confined Atlantic City 800-foot sand and the unconfined Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system (surficial aquifer) are major sources of water for southeastern New Jersey. Because of recent concerns about streamflow depletion resulting from ground-water withdrawals and the potential ecological effects on stream habitat in the area, the focus on future withdrawals has been shifted away from the surficial aquifer to the confined Atlantic City 800-foot sand until the effects of increased withdrawals from the surficial aquifer can be investigated. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of seven proposed increases in ground-water withdrawals from the Atlantic City 800-foot sand and the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system on the Atlantic City 800-foot sand. The proposed withdrawals are increases above the 2004 allocated rates (full allocation). The effects of full-allocation ground-water withdrawals and the cumulative effect of withdrawals for each of seven proposed increases in withdrawals were simulated using three previously published ground-water flow models: the New Jersey Coastal Plain Regional Aquifer System Analysis model, the Coastal Plain Optimization model, and a model of the Atlantic City 800-foot sand in Atlantic County, New Jersey. These models were used to simulate changes in water levels, the source supplying the increased ground-water flow, and the effects on saltwater movement towards production wells in Cape May County as a result of the proposed increased withdrawals at proposed or existing wells.\r\n\r\nThe results of the simulations represent the effects of the proposed increase from full-allocation withdrawals to an additional 1,825 Mgal/yr (million gallons per year) from the Atlantic City 800-foot sand and an additional 1,045 Mgal/yr from the deep part of the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system near the updip limit of the Atlantic City 800-foot sand. Most of the simulated decline in water levels in Atlantic County occurred as the result of the proposed increased withdrawals simulated for the New Jersey American Water Company wells. Simulated declines in water levels in Cape May were caused mainly by the simulated increased withdrawals for the Cape May City Desalination Plant wells. The additional water to supply the proposed increases in the scenarios was primarily horizontal flow from the unconfined updip part of the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, which accounted for 63 percent of the inflow, and flow from the overlying Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system into the Atlantic City 800-foot sand, which supplied 27 percent of the additional water. Because the withdrawals were made from the confined aquifer and the deeper part of the unconfined aquifer, the effect on streamflow was substantially less than would have occurred had the withdrawals been made directly from the shallower parts of the unconfined aquifer. The travel times from the 250-mg/L isochlor to production wells in Stone Harbor were longer as a result of all the additional withdrawals. For some scenarios, withdrawals in Atlantic County caused the saltwater to move slightly faster towards the production wells. These effects were offset by the increase in travel time caused by the potential increased withdrawals simulated for the Cape May City desalination wells, which either diverted water towards the desalination wells or increased the travel time towards production wells.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065114","usgsCitation":"Pope, D.A., 2006, Simulation of proposed increases in ground-water withdrawals on the Atlantic City 800-foot sand, New Jersey Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5114, vi, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065114.","productDescription":"vi, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":410119,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76964.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8199,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5114/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"Atlantic City","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.97379758829241,\n 38.893325795375034\n ],\n [\n -74.19635824404139,\n 38.893325795375034\n ],\n [\n -74.19635824404139,\n 39.811384165634934\n ],\n [\n -74.97379758829241,\n 39.811384165634934\n ],\n [\n -74.97379758829241,\n 38.893325795375034\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db489fe5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, Daryll A. dpope@usgs.gov","contributorId":3796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Daryll","email":"dpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":288395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":77039,"text":"sir20065081 - 2006 - Inversion of elastic impedance for unconsolidated sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:22","indexId":"sir20065081","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5081","title":"Inversion of elastic impedance for unconsolidated sediments","docAbstract":"Elastic properties of gas-hydrate-bearing sediments are important for quantifying gas hydrate amounts as well as discriminating the gas hydrate effect on velocity from free gas or pore pressure. This paper presents an elastic inversion method for estimating elastic properties of gas-hydrate-bearing sediments from angle stacks using sequential inversion of P-wave impedance from the zero-offset stack and S-wave impedance from the far-offset stack without assuming velocity ratio.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065081","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., 2006, Inversion of elastic impedance for unconsolidated sediments (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5081, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065081.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":194484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8193,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5081/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697bb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":77041,"text":"ofr20061130 - 2006 - Stability of leaning column at Devils Tower National Monument, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:37","indexId":"ofr20061130","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1130","title":"Stability of leaning column at Devils Tower National Monument, Wyoming","docAbstract":"In response to reports from climbers that an 8-meter section (referred to as the leaning column) of the most popular climbing route on Devils Tower in northeastern Wyoming is now moving when being climbed, scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey inspected the site to determine the stability of the column and the underlying column that serves as a support pedestal. Evidence of a recent tensile spalling failure was observed on the pedestal surface immediately beneath the contact with the overlying leaning column. The spalling of a flake-shaped piece of the pedestal, probably due to the high stress concentration exerted by the weight of the leaning column along a linear contact with the pedestal, is likely causing the present movement of the leaning column. Although it is unlikely that climbers will dislodge the leaning column by their weight alone, the possibility exists that additional spalling failures may occur from the pedestal surface and further reduce the stability of the leaning column and result in its toppling. To facilitate detection of further spalling failures from the pedestal, its surface has been coated with a layer of paint. Any new failures from the pedestal could result in the leaning column toppling onto the climbing route or onto the section of the Tower trail below.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061130","usgsCitation":"Harp, E.L., and Lindsay, C., 2006, Stability of leaning column at Devils Tower National Monument, Wyoming (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1130, iii, 7 p.: ill., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061130.","productDescription":"iii, 7 p.: ill.","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8195,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1130/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.71694444444445,44.58388888888889 ], [ -104.71694444444445,44.58388888888889 ], [ -104.71694444444445,44.58388888888889 ], [ -104.71694444444445,44.58388888888889 ], [ -104.71694444444445,44.58388888888889 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e4981","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harp, Edwin L. harp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"Edwin","email":"harp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":288393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindsay, Charles R.","contributorId":56738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsay","given":"Charles R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":77040,"text":"b2207C - 2006 - Geology and total petroleum systems of the Gulf of Guinea province of West Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-31T11:24:50","indexId":"b2207C","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2207","chapter":"C","title":"Geology and total petroleum systems of the Gulf of Guinea province of West Africa","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assessed the potential for undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources in the Gulf of Guinea Province, west-central Africa, as part of its World Petroleum Assessment 2000. The USGS estimated a mean of 1,004 million barrels of conventional undiscovered oil, 10,071 billion cubic feet of gas, and 282 million barrels of natural gas liquids. Most of the hydrocarbon potential is postulated to be in the offshore, deeper waters of the province.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/b2207C","usgsCitation":"Brownfield, M.E., and Charpentier, R., 2006, Geology and total petroleum systems of the Gulf of Guinea province of West Africa (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2207, vi, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2207C.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":682,"text":"World Energy Project","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8194,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2207/C/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":356990,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2207/C/pdf/b2207c_508.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -5,3 ], [ -5,7 ], [ 5,7 ], [ 5,3 ], [ -5,3 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db684232","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brownfield, Michael E. 0000-0003-3633-1138 mbrownfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-1138","contributorId":1548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Michael","email":"mbrownfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R. charpentier@usgs.gov","contributorId":934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","email":"charpentier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":288391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70179539,"text":"70179539 - 2006 - Behavior of White Sturgeon near hydroprojects and fishways ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T12:23:16","indexId":"70179539","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Behavior of White Sturgeon near hydroprojects and fishways ","docAbstract":"During March 2004 through November 2005, white sturgeon movements were monitored at The Dalles Dam to characterize their distribution and movements in the immediate vicinity of the dam and to determine timing and routes of passage. A combination of radio and acoustic telemetry technologies were used to detect tagged fish within fishways and at strategic locations along the dam, the shorelines, and in the forebay. White sturgeon > 95 cm total length (TL) that were captured on baited setlines fished in the forebay and in the tailrace cul-de-sac received a surgically implanted transmitter that emitted radio and acoustic signals. During the course of this study, a total of 148 fish were tagged; 58 were captured and released in the forebay and 90 in the tailrace.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Parsley, M., Wright, C., Van Der Leeuw, B.K., Kofoot, E., Perry, C.A., and Moser, M., 2006, Behavior of White Sturgeon near hydroprojects and fishways , vii., 34 p. .","productDescription":"vii., 34 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332861,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"The Dalles Dam ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.14006042480469,\n 45.62124145580235\n ],\n [\n -121.17919921875001,\n 45.6178796835697\n ],\n [\n -121.19361877441405,\n 45.64236798023579\n ],\n [\n -121.20460510253906,\n 45.63468652912808\n ],\n [\n -121.20254516601562,\n 45.610675207200146\n ],\n [\n -121.15516662597656,\n 45.59338068769037\n ],\n [\n -121.10984802246094,\n 45.61451770977555\n ],\n [\n -121.07208251953125,\n 45.64044771618124\n ],\n [\n -121.07963562011719,\n 45.66012730272194\n ],\n [\n -121.14006042480469,\n 45.62124145580235\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586e1835e4b0f5ce109fcb35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsley, M.J.","contributorId":59542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsley","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, C.D.","contributorId":104604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Der Leeuw, B. K.","contributorId":59159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Der Leeuw","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kofoot, E.E.","contributorId":89349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kofoot","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Perry, C. A.","contributorId":106149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moser, M.L.","contributorId":92006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moser","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70178414,"text":"70178414 - 2006 - Food specialization and radiation of Hawaiian honeycreepers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:58:37","indexId":"70178414","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5229,"text":"Acta Zoologica Sinica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Food specialization and radiation of Hawaiian honeycreepers","docAbstract":"Hawaiian honeycreepers are renowned for adaptive radiation and diet specialization. Specialization arose from competition for the relatively few resources available in this remote archipelago and because arthropod prey sufficient to satisfy nestling protein requirements could only be captured by highly modified bills. Historically, most species fed their nestlings with larvae of the widespread geometrid moth genus, Scotorythra; but other invertebrates were important also. Thus the palila, Loxioides bailleui, a specialist on potentially toxic Sophora chrysophylla seeds, feeds its nestlings on Cydia moth larvae found inside Sophora seeds. Sophora seeds are also fed to the nestlings, and seed availability largely determines the timing and extent of breeding. By this and other means, food specialization contributed to reproductive isolation in Loxioides and possibly other honeycreepers. Alien threats to insect prey affect Loxioides populations and have hastened the extinction or decline of other specialized Hawaiian birds
","language":"English","publisher":"Academia Sinica","publisherLocation":"Peking, China","usgsCitation":"Banko, P.C., and Banko, W.E., 2006, Food specialization and radiation of Hawaiian honeycreepers: Acta Zoologica Sinica, v. 52, p. 253-256.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"256","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331106,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582ecff2e4b04d580bd43540","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banko, Paul C. 0000-0002-6035-9803 pbanko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-9803","contributorId":3179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"Paul","email":"pbanko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banko, Winston E.","contributorId":99200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"Winston","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":77034,"text":"ofr20061184 - 2006 - Preliminary results of sequential extraction experiments for selenium on mine waste and stream sediments from Vermont, Maine, and New Zealand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:11","indexId":"ofr20061184","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1184","title":"Preliminary results of sequential extraction experiments for selenium on mine waste and stream sediments from Vermont, Maine, and New Zealand","docAbstract":"We report the preliminary results of sequential partial dissolutions used to characterize the geochemical distribution of selenium in stream sediments, mine wastes, and flotation-mill tailings. In general, extraction schemes are designed to extract metals associated with operationally defined solid phases. Total Se concentrations and the mineralogy of the samples are also presented. Samples were obtained from the Elizabeth, Ely, and Pike Hill mines in Vermont, the Callahan mine in Maine, and the Martha mine in New Zealand. These data are presented here with minimal interpretation or discussion. Further analysis of the data will be presented elsewhere.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061184","usgsCitation":"Piatak, N., Seal, R., Sanzolone, R.F., Lamothe, P.J., and Brown, Z.A., 2006, Preliminary results of sequential extraction experiments for selenium on mine waste and stream sediments from Vermont, Maine, and New Zealand (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1184, iv, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061184.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8180,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1184/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aade4b07f02db66b297","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatak, N.M. 0000-0002-1973-8537","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-8537","contributorId":46636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, R.R. II","contributorId":102097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanzolone, R. F.","contributorId":64199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanzolone","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lamothe, P. J.","contributorId":45672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Z. A.","contributorId":82708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":77026,"text":"sir20065102 - 2006 - Compilation of Regional Ground-Water Divides for Principal Aquifers Corresponding to the Great Lakes Basin, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:38","indexId":"sir20065102","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5102","title":"Compilation of Regional Ground-Water Divides for Principal Aquifers Corresponding to the Great Lakes Basin, United States","docAbstract":"A compilation of regional ground-water divides for the five principal aquifers corresponding to the Great Lakes Basin within the United States is presented. The principal aquifers (or aquifer systems) are the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system, Silurian-Devonian aquifers, Mississippian aquifers, Pennsylvanian aquifers, and the surficial aquifer system. The regional ground-water divides mark the boundary between ground-water flow that discharges to the Great Lakes or their tributaries and ground-water flow that discharges to other major surface-water bodies, such as the Mississippi River. Multicounty to multistate (regional) hydrologic studies of the five principal aquifers were reviewed to determine whether adequate data, such as potentiometric surfaces or ground-water divides, were available from which ground-water flow directions or ground-water-divide locations could be derived. Examination of regional studies indicate that the regional ground-water divides for the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system and Silurian-Devonian aquifers have changed over time and differ from the surface-water divides in some areas. These differences can be attributed to either pumping or natural processes. The limited information on the shallow Mississippian and Pennsylvanian bedrock aquifers indicate that these aquifers and the surficial aquifer system act as one hydrostratigraphic unit and that downdip flow is insignificant. Generally, in the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian aquifers, regional ground-water divides are similar to regional surface-water divides. Previous studies of the regional ground-water divide of the surficial aquifer system depict the regional ground-water divide as generally following the regional surface-water divide.\r\n\r\nBecause studies commonly focus on areas where ground-water use from an aquifer system is concentrated, the regional ground-water divides are not known in large, unstudied parts of some of these aquifer systems. A composite ground-water divide for the region was generated and is estimated to generally follow the surface-water divide, except in areas where anthropogenic or natural factors affect its position.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20065102","usgsCitation":"Sheets, R.A., and Simonson, L., 2006, Compilation of Regional Ground-Water Divides for Principal Aquifers Corresponding to the Great Lakes Basin, United States (Revised Jan 2008): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5102, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065102.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":448,"text":"National Water Availability and Use Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8169,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5102/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100,36 ], [ -100,50 ], [ -70,50 ], [ -70,36 ], [ -100,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Revised Jan 2008","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a825d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheets, R. A.","contributorId":43381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheets","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simonson, L.A.","contributorId":12129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simonson","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":77023,"text":"sir20065078 - 2006 - Concentrations, fluxes, and yields of nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended sediment in the Illinois River basin, 1996-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"sir20065078","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5078","title":"Concentrations, fluxes, and yields of nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended sediment in the Illinois River basin, 1996-2000","docAbstract":"Concentrations, spatial and temporal variations, and fluxes of nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended sediment were determined for 16 streams in the Illinois River Basin, Illinois from October 1996 through September 2000. Water samples were collected through the National Water-Quality Assessment's Lower Illinois River Basin (LIRB) and Upper Illinois River Basin (UIRB) Study Units on a monthly to weekly frequency from watersheds representing predominantly agricultural and urban land, as well as areas of mixed land-use.\r\n\r\nStreams in agricultural watersheds had high concentrations and fluxes of nitrate nitrogen, whereas streams in predominantly urban watersheds had high concentrations (above background levels) of ammonia nitrogen, organic nitrogen, and phosphorus. Median concentrations of nitrate nitrogen and total phosphorus were similar at the two Illinois River sampling stations (Illinois River at Ottawa, Ill. and Illinois River at Valley City, Ill.) that represented the downstream points of the UIRB and LIRB Study Units, respectively, and integrated multiple land-use areas.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of nitrogen were typically highest in the spring and lowest in the fall in agricultural watersheds, but highest in the winter in urban watersheds. Phosphorus concentrations in urban watersheds were highest in the fall and winter, but there was minimal seasonal variation in phosphorus concentrations in agricultural watersheds. Concentrations of nitrate and total nitrogen were affected primarily by non-point sources and hydrologic factors such as streamflow, storm intensity, watershed configuration, and soil permeability, whereas concentrations of phosphorus were affected largely by point-source contributions that typically have little seasonal variation. Seasonal variation in hydrologic conditions was an important factor for seasonal variation in nutrient concentration.\r\n\r\nFluxes and yields of nitrogen and phosphorus forms varied substantially throughout the Illinois River Basin, and yields of specific nutrient forms were determined primarily by upstream land uses. Yields of nitrate nitrogen were highest in predominantly agricultural watersheds, whereas yields of phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen were highest in urban watersheds with wastewater effluent contributions. Yields of both total nitrogen and total phosphorus were similar at the two Illinois River stations representing the integrated UIRB and LIRB Study Units.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of suspended sediment ranged from 1 to 3,110 milligrams per liter (mg/L), with median concentrations generally higher in the UIRB. Suspended-sediment concentrations were highest and most variable in the LaMoine River Basin. The median concentration of suspended sediment in the Illinois River at Valley City, Ill. (155 mg/L) was twice as high as that at Ottawa, Ill. (80 mg/L).\r\n\r\nFluxes of suspended sediment generally corresponded to watershed size and yields from agricultural watersheds were larger than yields from urban watersheds. The flux in the Illinois River at Valley City, Ill. (4,880,000 tons per year) was approximately four times the flux in the Illinois River at Ottawa, Ill. (1,060,000 tons per year). ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065078","usgsCitation":"Terrio, P.J., 2006, Concentrations, fluxes, and yields of nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended sediment in the Illinois River basin, 1996-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5078, viii, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065078.","productDescription":"viii, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"56","temporalStart":"1996-01-01","temporalEnd":"2000-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8167,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5078/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92,38.833333333333336 ], [ -92,43.833333333333336 ], [ -85.83333333333333,43.833333333333336 ], [ -85.83333333333333,38.833333333333336 ], [ -92,38.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698431","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Terrio, Paul J. 0000-0002-1515-9570 pjterrio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1515-9570","contributorId":3313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrio","given":"Paul","email":"pjterrio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":77035,"text":"ofr20061173 - 2006 - Geologic map of the Stephens City quadrangle, Clark, Frederick, and Warren Counties, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:36","indexId":"ofr20061173","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1173","title":"Geologic map of the Stephens City quadrangle, Clark, Frederick, and Warren Counties, Virginia","docAbstract":"The Stephens City 1:24,000-scale quadrangle is one of several quadrangles in Frederick County, Virginia being mapped by geologists from the U.S. Geological Survey in Reston, VA with funding from the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program. This work is part of a project being lead by the U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Discipline, Virginia District, to investigate the geologic framework and groundwater resources of Frederick County as well as other areas in the northern Shenandoah Valley of Virginia and West Virginia.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061173","usgsCitation":"Weary, D., Orndorff, R.C., and Aleman-Gonzalez, W., 2006, Geologic map of the Stephens City quadrangle, Clark, Frederick, and Warren Counties, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1173, 1 map sheet, 60 x 35 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061173.","productDescription":"1 map sheet, 60 x 35 in.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110661,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76932.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"76932"},{"id":191149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8183,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1173/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8185,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1173/data/metadata.zip"},{"id":8184,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1173/data/GIS_data.zip"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"UTM Zone 17 NAD 83","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.25,39 ], [ -78.25,39.1175 ], [ -78.11749999999999,39.1175 ], [ -78.11749999999999,39 ], [ -78.25,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a525","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weary, D. J.","contributorId":40617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weary","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orndorff, R. C.","contributorId":17613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aleman-Gonzalez, W.","contributorId":17707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleman-Gonzalez","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":77038,"text":"wdrPR041 - 2006 - Water resources data, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, water year 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"wdrPR041","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"PR-04-1","title":"Water resources data, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, water year 2004","docAbstract":"The Caribbean Water Science Center of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with local and Federal agencies obtains a large amount of data pertaining to the water resources of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the Territory of the U.S. Virgin Islands each water year. These data, accumulated during many water years, constitute a valuable data base for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of the area. To make these data readily available to interested parties outside the U.S. Geological Survey, the data are published annually in this report series entitled 'Water Resources Data for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.'\r\n\r\nThis report includes records on both surface and ground water. Specifically, it contains: (1) discharge records for 89 streamflow-gaging stations, daily sediment records for 13 sediment stations, stage records for 18 reservoirs, and (2) water-quality records for 20 streamflow-gaging stations, and for 38 ungaged stream sites, 13 lake sites, 2 lagoons, and 1 bay, and (3) water-level records for 72 observation wells.\r\n\r\nWater-resources data for Puerto Rico for calendar years 1958-67 were released in a series of reports entitled 'Water Records of Puerto Rico.' Water-resources data for the U.S. Virgin Islands for the calendar years 1962-69 were released in a report entitled 'Water Records of U.S. Virgin Islands.' Included were records of streamflow, ground-water levels, and water-quality data for both surface and ground water.\r\n\r\nBeginning with the 1968 calendar year, surface-water records for Puerto Rico were released separately on an annual basis. Ground-water level records and water-quality data for surface and ground water were released in companion reports covering periods of several years. Data for the 1973-74 reports were published under separate covers. Water-resources data reports for 1975 to 2003 water years consist of one volume each and contain data for streamflow, water quality, and ground water.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrPR041","usgsCitation":"Figueroa-Alamo, C., Aquino, Z., Guzman-Rios, S., and Sanchez, A.V., 2006, Water resources data, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, water year 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report PR-04-1, 597 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrPR041.","productDescription":"597 p.","numberOfPages":"597","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-10-01","temporalEnd":"2004-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":538,"text":"Puerto Rico Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8192,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/wdr-pr-04-1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0aa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Figueroa-Alamo, Carlos","contributorId":95904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Figueroa-Alamo","given":"Carlos","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aquino, Zaida","contributorId":71621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aquino","given":"Zaida","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guzman-Rios, Senen sgguzman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guzman-Rios","given":"Senen","email":"sgguzman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sanchez, Ana V.","contributorId":43424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez","given":"Ana","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":77037,"text":"ofr20061162 - 2006 - Chemical analyses of coal, coal-associated rocks and coal combustion products collected for the National Coal Quality Inventory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:00","indexId":"ofr20061162","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1162","title":"Chemical analyses of coal, coal-associated rocks and coal combustion products collected for the National Coal Quality Inventory","docAbstract":"In 1999, the USGS initiated the National Coal Quality Inventory (NaCQI) project to address a need for quality information on coals that will be mined during the next 20-30 years. At the time this project was initiated, the publicly available USGS coal quality data was based on samples primarily collected and analyzed between 1973 and 1985. The primary objective of NaCQI was to create a database containing comprehensive, accurate and accessible chemical information on the quality of mined and prepared United States coals and their combustion byproducts. This objective was to be accomplished through maintaining the existing publicly available coal quality database, expanding the database through the acquisition of new samples from priority areas, and analysis of the samples using updated coal analytical chemistry procedures. Priorities for sampling include those areas where future sources of compliance coal are federally owned. This project was a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), State geological surveys, universities, coal burning utilities, and the coal mining industry. Funding support came from the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061162","usgsCitation":"Hatch, J.R., Bullock, J.H., and Finkelman, R.B., 2006, Chemical analyses of coal, coal-associated rocks and coal combustion products collected for the National Coal Quality Inventory: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1162, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061162.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8191,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":19,"text":"Raw Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1162/NaCQI.xls"},{"id":8190,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1162/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a0e4b07f02db5bd996","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Joseph R. 0000-0001-9257-0278 jrhatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-0278","contributorId":722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Joseph","email":"jrhatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bullock, John H. Jr.","contributorId":105316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullock","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finkelman, Robert B.","contributorId":85951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":77036,"text":"ofr20061071 - 2006 - delta 15N and non-carbonate delta 13C values for two petroleum source rock reference materials and a marine sediment reference material","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:22","indexId":"ofr20061071","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1071","title":"delta 15N and non-carbonate delta 13C values for two petroleum source rock reference materials and a marine sediment reference material","docAbstract":"Samples of United States Geological Survey (USGS) Certified Reference Materials USGS Devonian Ohio Shale (SDO-1), and USGS Eocene Green River Shale (SGR-1), and National Research Council Canada (NRCC) Certified Marine Sediment Reference Material (PACS-2), were sent for analysis to four separate analytical laboratories as blind controls for organic rich sedimentary rock samples being analyzed\r\nfrom the Red Dog mine area in Alaska. The samples were analyzed for stable isotopes of carbon (delta13Cncc) and nitrogen (delta15N), percent non-carbonate carbon (Wt % Cncc) and percent nitrogen (Wt % N).\r\n\r\nSDO-1, collected from the Huron Member of the Ohio Shale, near Morehead, Kentucky, and SGR-1, collected from the Mahogany zone of the Green River Formation are petroleum source rocks used as reference materials for chemical analyses of sedimentary rocks. PACS-2 is modern marine sediment collected from the Esquimalt, British Columbia harbor.\r\n\r\nThe results presented in this study are, with the exceptions noted below, the first published for these reference materials. There are published information values for the elemental concentrations of 'organic' carbon (Wt % Corg measured range is 8.98 - 10.4) and nitrogen (Wt % Ntot 0.347 with SD 0.043) only for SDO-1. The suggested values presented here should be considered 'information values' as defined by the NRCC Institute for National Measurement Reference Materials and should be useful for the analysis of 13C, 15N, C and N in organic material in sedimentary rocks. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061071","usgsCitation":"Dennen, K., Johnson, C.A., Otter, M.L., Silva, S.R., and Wandless, G.A., 2006, delta 15N and non-carbonate delta 13C values for two petroleum source rock reference materials and a marine sediment reference material: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1071, 17 p. (some unnumbered), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061071.","productDescription":"17 p. (some unnumbered)","numberOfPages":"17","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":8187,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1071/508files/of2006-1071.doc"},{"id":8188,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1071/508files/tables1-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":8189,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1071/508files/figs1-3.zip"},{"id":8186,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1071/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4784e4b07f02db483df9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dennen, Kristin O.","contributorId":61437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennen","given":"Kristin O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Craig A. 0000-0002-1334-2996 cjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Craig","email":"cjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Otter, Marshall L.","contributorId":61917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otter","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Silva, Steven R. srsilva@usgs.gov","contributorId":3162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"Steven","email":"srsilva@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wandless, Gregory A. gwandless@usgs.gov","contributorId":4782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wandless","given":"Gregory","email":"gwandless@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":288380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":77033,"text":"sir20065032 - 2006 - Determination of canal leakage potential using continuous resistivity profiling techniques, Interstate and Tri-State Canals, western Nebraska and eastern Wyoming, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T20:09:32.09741","indexId":"sir20065032","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5032","title":"Determination of canal leakage potential using continuous resistivity profiling techniques, Interstate and Tri-State Canals, western Nebraska and eastern Wyoming, 2004","docAbstract":"In the North Platte River Basin, a ground-water model is being developed to evaluate the effectiveness of using water leakage from selected irrigation canal systems to enhance ground-water recharge. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the North Platte Natural Resources District, used land-based capacitively coupled and water-borne direct-current continuous resistivity profiling techniques to map the lithology of the upper 8 meters and to interpret the relative canal leakage potential of 110 kilometers of the Interstate and Tri-State Canals in western Nebraska and eastern Wyoming. Lithologic descriptions from 25 test holes were used to evaluate the effectiveness of both techniques for indicating relative grain size. An interpretive color scale was developed that symbolizes contrasting resistivity features indicative of different grain-size categories. The color scale was applied to the vertically averaged resistivity and used to classify areas of the canals as having either high, moderate, or low canal leakage potential.\r\n\r\nWhen results were compared with the lithologic descriptions, both land-based and water-borne continuous resistivity profiling techniques were determined to be effective at differentiating coarse-grained from fine-grained sediment. Both techniques were useful for producing independent, similar interpretations of canal leakage potential.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065032","usgsCitation":"Ball, L.B., Kress, W.H., Steele, G.V., Cannia, J.C., and Andersen, M.J., 2006, Determination of canal leakage potential using continuous resistivity profiling techniques, Interstate and Tri-State Canals, western Nebraska and eastern Wyoming, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5032, vi, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065032.","productDescription":"vi, 53 p.","numberOfPages":"59","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124957,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2006_5032.jpg"},{"id":415463,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76930.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8179,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5032/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Interstate and Tri-State Canals","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.1453,\n 41.8667\n ],\n [\n -104.1453,\n 42.0519\n ],\n [\n -103.5967,\n 42.0519\n ],\n [\n -103.5967,\n 41.8667\n ],\n [\n -104.1453,\n 41.8667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66786b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, Lyndsay B. 0000-0002-6356-4693 lbball@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-4693","contributorId":1138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Lyndsay","email":"lbball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kress, Wade H.","contributorId":100475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kress","given":"Wade","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steele, Gregory V. gvsteele@usgs.gov","contributorId":783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"Gregory","email":"gvsteele@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cannia, James C.","contributorId":94356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannia","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andersen, Michael J. 0009-0006-5600-6032 mjanders@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5600-6032","contributorId":1442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"Michael","email":"mjanders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":77032,"text":"wdrNV051 - 2006 - Water resources data, Nevada, water year 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"wdrNV051","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NV-05-1","title":"Water resources data, Nevada, water year 2005","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wdrNV051","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, Water resources data, Nevada, water year 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NV-05-1, Available online only, https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNV051.","productDescription":"Available online only","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-10-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10783,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2005/search.jsp","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.00138888888888,35.00055555555556 ], [ -120.00138888888888,42 ], [ -114.03333333333333,42 ], [ -114.03333333333333,35.00055555555556 ], [ -120.00138888888888,35.00055555555556 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0fab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}