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The primary objective of our study was to evaluate the potential for organic wastewater-related contaminants (OWCs), including pharmaceuticals, to survive a conventional drinking-water-treatment process and persist in potable-water supplies (Stackelberg et al., 2004). Our study was supported by two USGS laboratories: the National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL), which provided the HPLC/ESI-MS and CLLE GC/MS data and the Ocala Water Quality and Research Laboratory (OWQRL), which provided the LC/MS data (Stackelberg et al., 2004). Although discussed as distinct techniques by Dr. Till and indicated by differing acronyms to distinguish the laboratories producing the data, as described in our paper, the two LC/MS methods are very similar; they consist of a solid-phase extraction method with analysis of the extract produced using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer operated in the positive mode. The NWQL and OWQRL report ‘trace’ and ‘ultratrace’ determinations of analytes that provide significant benefit for describing the presence and fate of low-level contaminants. For mass spectral methods, an analyte is qualitatively identified by its retention time on the chromatographic column as well as the presence of two or more confirming ions with area ratios that match that of the reference standard compounds. Because of a recognized increased risk of false positives, these qualitative identification criteria are used in conjunction with abundant quality-control samples (detailed below) to confirm detection prior to making an estimate of the concentration. These qualitative identification criteria must be met before a compound is considered present (or detected) in a sample (Oblinger Childress et al., 1999). When a compound has been qualitatively identified in an environmental sample (whether above or below its reporting level [RL]), it is assessed in context with associated field and laboratory blanks, field and laboratory replicates, and other data, such as appropriate laboratory reagent spikes. An environmental concentration is calculated only after determining that field and laboratory procedures did not contaminate the samples. The concentrations are then calculated from 5- to 8-point calibration curves using internal standard quantitation. Our lowest calibration standard is intentionally much lower than the RL, typically 10 times lower. The most abundant molecular or fragment ion is used for quantitation, and, for the two LC/MS methods, at least one, and where possible two, qualifier ions are used for confirmation. For the GC/MS method, with its greater degree of fragmentation, one quantitation and two qualifier ions are used. When any of the abovementioned qualitative identification criteria are not met, the analyte is considered not present and is reported as “less than” the RL.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.04.012","usgsCitation":"Stackelberg, P.E., Furlong, E.T., Meyer, M.T., Zaugg, S.D., Henderson, A.K., and Reissman, D.B., 2006, Response to comment on “Persistence of pharmaceutical compounds and other organic wastewater contaminants in a conventional drinking-water-treatment plant”: Science of the Total Environment, v. 354, no. 1, p. 93-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.04.012.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"93","endPage":"97","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337106,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"354","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c1263de4b014cc3a3d34ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stackelberg, Paul E. 0000-0002-1818-355X pestack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-355X","contributorId":1069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackelberg","given":"Paul","email":"pestack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":681383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Henderson, Alden K.","contributorId":187696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henderson","given":"Alden","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reissman, Dori B.","contributorId":187697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reissman","given":"Dori","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70207824,"text":"70207824 - 2006 - An overview of the global variability in radiated energy and apparent stress","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-07T14:38:56.204539","indexId":"70207824","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-14T16:16:29","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"An overview of the global variability in radiated energy and apparent stress","docAbstract":"a global study of radiated seismic energies ER and apparent stresses τ a reveals systematic patterns. earthquakes with the highest apparent stress occur in regions of intense deformation and rupture strong lithosphere. in oceanic settings, these are strike-slip earthquakes (τ a up to 27 Mpa) occurring intraplate or at evolving ends of transform faults. at subduction zones and intracontinental settings, these are strike slip earthquakes with τ a up to 7 Mpa. normal-fault earthquakes exhibit a more complex pattern. higher τ a ’s (up to5Mpa) are found for intraslab events at depths from 35 to 70 km that occur near zones of intense deformation such as a sharp slab bend or the juncture of colliding slabs. lower τ a ’s (< 1 Mpa) are found for normal-fault earthquakes at the outer rise and outer trench wall or deep in flat warm slabs. the lowest average τ a (0.3 Mpa) is found for thrust-fault earthquakes at subduction zones. the variation of average apparent stress with tectonics suggests a relationship with lithospheric strength and fault maturity. Mature faults, such as plate boundaries that have experienced large cumulative slip, appear to have low strength and tend to yield earthquakes with low apparent stresses. immature faults, in contrast, are stronger and yield high apparent stresses because either they are the result of fresh-rock fracture or at least their cumulative fault slip is quite small. these results have implications of use to the seismic engineering community because ER and its magnitude counterpart Me are reliable indicators of the potential for damaging ground motion.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquakes: Radiated energy and the physics of faulting, volume 170","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","usgsCitation":"Choy, G., McGarr, A.F., Kirby, S.H., and Boatwright, J., 2006, An overview of the global variability in radiated energy and apparent stress, chap. of Earthquakes: Radiated energy and the physics of faulting, volume 170, v. 170, p. 43-57.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"57","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371239,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"170","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choy, George choy@usgs.gov","contributorId":2161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choy","given":"George","email":"choy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGarr, Arthur F. 0000-0001-9769-4093 mcgarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":3178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Arthur","email":"mcgarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirby, Stephen H. 0000-0003-1636-4688 skirby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1636-4688","contributorId":2752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"Stephen","email":"skirby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boatwright, John 0000-0002-6931-5241 boat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6931-5241","contributorId":1938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"John","email":"boat@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70208236,"text":"70208236 - 2006 - Remote sensing methods for mapping the onset and progression of spartina alterniflora marsh dieback in coastal Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-03T06:28:08","indexId":"70208236","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"displayTitle":"Remote sensing methods for mapping the onset and progression of spartina alterniflora marsh dieback in coastal Louisiana","title":"Remote sensing methods for mapping the onset and progression of spartina alterniflora marsh dieback in coastal Louisiana","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"2005 International workshop on the analysis of multi-temporal remote sensing images","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Workshop on the Analysis of Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images, 2005","conferenceDate":"May 16-18, 2005","conferenceLocation":"Biloxi, MS","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/AMTRSI.2005.1469873","usgsCitation":"Rangoonwala, A., Ramsey III, E., and Nelson, G., 2006, Remote sensing methods for mapping the onset and progression of spartina alterniflora marsh dieback in coastal Louisiana, in 2005 International workshop on the analysis of multi-temporal remote sensing images, Biloxi, MS, May 16-18, 2005, p. 205-207, https://doi.org/10.1109/AMTRSI.2005.1469873.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"207","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371812,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Coastal Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.23870849609375,\n 29.173747044774984\n ],\n [\n -90.01922607421875,\n 29.173747044774984\n ],\n [\n -90.01922607421875,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -91.23870849609375,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -91.23870849609375,\n 29.173747044774984\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rangoonwala, Amina 0000-0002-0556-0598","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0556-0598","contributorId":204795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rangoonwala","given":"Amina","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramsey III, Elijah 0000-0002-4518-5796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":212009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey III","given":"Elijah","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Gene","contributorId":221682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Gene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70242633,"text":"70242633 - 2006 - Hurricane-induced landslide activity on an alluvial fan along Meadow Run, Shenandoah Valley, Virginia (eastern USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T15:56:22.982583","indexId":"70242633","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-10T10:46:14","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2604,"text":"Landslides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hurricane-induced landslide activity on an alluvial fan along Meadow Run, Shenandoah Valley, Virginia (eastern USA)","docAbstract":"Although intense rainfall and localized flooding occurred as Hurricane Isabel tracked inland northwestardly across the Blue Ridge Mountains of central Virginia on September 18–19, 2003, few landslides occurred. However, the hurricane reactivated a dormant landslide along a bluff of an incised alluvial fan along Meadow Run on the western flanks of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Subsequent monitoring showed retrogressive movement involving several landslide blocks for the next several months. Using dendrochronology, aerial photography, and stream discharge records revealed periods of landslide activity. The annual variation of growth rings on trees within the landslide suggested previous slope instability in 1937, 1972, 1993, 1997, and 1999, which correlated with periods of local flood events. The avulsive and migrating nature of Meadow Run, combined with strong erosional force potential during flood stages, indicates that landslides are common along the bluff-channel bank interface, locally posing landslide hazards to relatively few structures within this farming region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10346-005-0029-5","usgsCitation":"Wieczorek, G.F., Eaton, L.S., Yanosky, T.M., and Turner, E., 2006, Hurricane-induced landslide activity on an alluvial fan along Meadow Run, Shenandoah Valley, Virginia (eastern USA): Landslides, v. 3, p. 95-106, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-005-0029-5.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"106","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415577,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Meadow Run, Shenandoah Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.39701926030709,\n 38.35198374583453\n ],\n [\n -79.39701926030709,\n 37.71374338475785\n ],\n [\n -78.83264915084368,\n 37.71374338475785\n ],\n [\n -78.83264915084368,\n 38.35198374583453\n ],\n [\n -79.39701926030709,\n 38.35198374583453\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wieczorek, Gerald F.","contributorId":81889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eaton, L. Scott lse5a@usgs.gov","contributorId":67582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"L.","email":"lse5a@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":869191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yanosky, Thomas M.","contributorId":40589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yanosky","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turner, Eric","contributorId":101145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70207772,"text":"70207772 - 2006 - Changes in the C storage in Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park (PNTD) in the last 1000 years [Cambios en el almacenamiento de C en el Parque Nacional de Las Tablas de Daimiel (PNTD) en los últimos 1000 años]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-15T17:11:48.630654","indexId":"70207772","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-09T15:55:45","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1065,"text":"Boletin Geologico y Minero","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the C storage in Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park (PNTD) in the last 1000 years [Cambios en el almacenamiento de C en el Parque Nacional de Las Tablas de Daimiel (PNTD) en los últimos 1000 años]","docAbstract":"Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park has suffered too many modifications throughout its history, natural as well as anthropic, which have affected the carbon storage in different ways. The study of those variations has been carried out by the analysis of sedimentary record and historical data. The sedimentary record has been studied from the core Ciguela 4. It was sampled with a systematic high resolution method (0.7 cm thickness average) to analyze geochemistry and pollen. The analysis of all data shows that the natural changes (linked with the climate) have more variation ranges than the anthropic ones, are directly related with the climate and not with the concentration of the atmospheric CO2, showing a natural cyclicity with a fast mitigation (decades) of the variations. In the other hand the anthropogenic impacts depend on the proximity and intensity of the impact. The usage changes produced during the second half of the 19th century were an indirect impact with medium intensity. The environment had the capacity to recover the values of a normal storage in less than 50 years. Nevertheless the dissication and overexploitation of the groundwater (second half of 20th century) were direct and high intensity impacts. These impacts caused a fast loss of the water table and the salinization of the environment. Due to that the ecosystem lost capacity to store C. recovery of the normal values by a natural way is difficult now.
","language":"Castilian","publisher":"Instituto Geologico y Minero de Espana","issn":"0366-0176","usgsCitation":"Dominguez-Castro, F., Santisteban, J., Mediavilla, R., Dean, W.E., Lopez-Pamo, E., Ruiz-Zapata, M.B., and Gil-Garcia, M.J., 2006, Changes in the C storage in Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park (PNTD) in the last 1000 years [Cambios en el almacenamiento de C en el Parque Nacional de Las Tablas de Daimiel (PNTD) en los últimos 1000 años]: Boletin Geologico y Minero, v. 117, p. 537-544.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"544","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371131,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Spain","otherGeospatial":"Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -3.779983520507812,\n 39.10182458484289\n ],\n [\n -3.64471435546875,\n 39.10182458484289\n ],\n [\n -3.64471435546875,\n 39.19448036993607\n ],\n [\n -3.779983520507812,\n 39.19448036993607\n ],\n [\n -3.779983520507812,\n 39.10182458484289\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"117","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dominguez-Castro, F.","contributorId":82996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dominguez-Castro","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santisteban, J.I.","contributorId":56118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santisteban","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mediavilla, R.","contributorId":43240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mediavilla","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lopez-Pamo, Enrique","contributorId":221636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopez-Pamo","given":"Enrique","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ruiz-Zapata, Maria Blanca","contributorId":221637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruiz-Zapata","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"Blanca","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gil-Garcia, Maria Jose","contributorId":221638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gil-Garcia","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"Jose","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70046923,"text":"dsNE3071 - 2006 - Drainage areas for selected stream-sampling stations, Missouri River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-09T13:00:39","indexId":"dsNE3071","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-09T12:49:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NE-3071","title":"Drainage areas for selected stream-sampling stations, Missouri River Basin","docAbstract":"As part of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA), an investigation of the Missouri River Basin is being conducted to document trends in surface-water quality, specifically for trends in nutrients and suspended sediment. Surface-water samples were collected from streams at specific sampling stations. Water-quality characteristics at each station are influenced by the natural and cultural characteristics of the drainage area upstream from the sampling station. Efficient quantification of the drainage area characteristics requires a digital map of the drainage area boundary that may be processed, together with other digital thematic maps (such as geology or land use), in a geographic information system (GIS). Digital drainage-area boundary data for one stream-sampling station in the Missouri River Basin (MRB4) study area is included in this data release. The drainage divides were identified chiefly using 1:24,000-scale hypsography.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dsNE3071","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, Drainage areas for selected stream-sampling stations, Missouri River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series NE-3071, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/dsNE3071.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":274766,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Iowa;Kansas;Montana;Nebraska;North Dakota;South Dakota;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.452497,44.539797 ], [ -110.452497,45.238318 ], [ -109.799224,45.238318 ], [ -109.799224,44.539797 ], [ -110.452497,44.539797 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51dd30e9e4b0f72b44719c6c"} ,{"id":70189441,"text":"70189441 - 2006 - The toxicological geochemistry of Earth materials: An overview of processes and the interdisciplinary methods used to understand them","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-13T09:34:45","indexId":"70189441","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3281,"text":"Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The toxicological geochemistry of Earth materials: An overview of processes and the interdisciplinary methods used to understand them","docAbstract":"A broad spectrum of earth materials have been linked to, blamed for, and/or debated as sources for disease. In some cases, the links are clear. For example, excessive exposures to mineral dusts have long been recognized for their role in diseases such as: asbestosis, mesothelioma, and lung cancers (asbestos); silicosis and lung cancer (silica dusts); and coal-workers pneumoconiosis (coal dust). Lead poisoning, particularly in toddlers and young children, has been conclusively linked to involuntary ingestion of soils or other materials contaminated with lead-rich paint particles, leaded gasoline combustion byproducts, and some types of lead-rich mine wastes or smelter particulates. Waters with naturally elevated arsenic contents are common in many regions of the globe, and consumption of these waters has been documented as the source of arsenic-related diseases affecting thousands of people in south Asia and other regions. Exposure to dusts or soils containing pathogens has been documented as the cause of regionally common diseases such as valley fever (coccidioidomycosis) and much rarer diseases such as anthrax. Links between many other earth materials and specific diseases, although suspected, are less clear or are debated. For example, it has been suggested that geographic clusters of diseases such as leukemia are related to exposures to waters or atmospheric particulates containing organic or metal contaminants; however, for many clusters the exact causal relationships between disease and environmental exposure are difficult to prove conclusively. Even for many diseases in which the causal relationship is clear, such as in asbestosis and mesothelioma triggered by asbestos exposure, the minimum exposures needed to trigger disease, the influence of genetic factors, and the exact mechanisms of toxicity are still incompletely understood and are the focus of considerable debate within the public health community. Hence, understanding the health effects resulting from occupational and environmental exposures to a wide variety of earth materials remains a very active and fruitful area of research.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.2138/rmg.2006.64.2","usgsCitation":"Plumlee, G.S., Morman, S.A., and Ziegler, T.L., 2006, The toxicological geochemistry of Earth materials: An overview of processes and the interdisciplinary methods used to understand them: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, v. 64, no. 1, p. 5-57, https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2006.64.2.","productDescription":"53 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"57","costCenters":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343764,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596886a3e4b0d1f9f05f59d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morman, Suzette A. 0000-0002-2532-1033 smorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-1033","contributorId":996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morman","given":"Suzette","email":"smorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ziegler, Thomas L.","contributorId":20381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207731,"text":"70207731 - 2006 - The significance of ground water to the accumulation of iron and manganese in the sediments of two hydrologically distinct lakes in north‐central Minnesota: A geological perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-16T15:16:17.162672","indexId":"70207731","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-08T12:53:09","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The significance of ground water to the accumulation of iron and manganese in the sediments of two hydrologically distinct lakes in north‐central Minnesota: A geological perspective","docAbstract":"Williams and Shingobee lakes are at opposite ends of the local ground water flow system in the Shingobee River Headwaters Area (SRHA) in north‐central Minnesota. Williams Lake, situated near the highest point in the flow system, has no surface inlet or outlet, and ground water and precipitation are the only sources of water. Shingobee Lake, situated at the lowest point in the flow system, has the Shingobee River as an inlet and outlet. Ground water directly contributes an estimated one‐fourth of the water input to Shingobee Lake. The Shingobee River also receives large amounts of ground water discharge along its reach to Shingobee Lake providing a large, indirect source of ground water to the lake. Differences in nutrient concentrations reflect the residence times and nutrient supplies of these two lakes. The average phosphorus content of Shingobee Lake is about twice that of Williams Lake. Consequently, phy‐toplankton productivity in Shingobee Lake is much higher than in Williams Lake, leading to an oxygen‐deficient (<1 ppm dissolved oxygen) hypolimnion within a month after overturn in both the spring and fall. Because of the extreme reducing conditions in the hypolimnion of Shingobee Lake, high concentrations of dissolved iron and manganese are present there during summer stratification. In some years, the manganese concentration in the hypolimnion of Shingobee Lake remains high throughout the year. Precipitation of iron and manganese minerals, presumed to be X‐ray amorphous oxyhydroxides, at periods of fall and spring overturn result in concentrations of iron and manganese in surface sediments of Shingobee Lake that are seven times and 27 times higher, respectively, than can be explained by contributions of iron and manganese from detrital aluminosilicates. These findings indicate that the source and amounts of this excess iron and manganese found in the sediments are correlated to the amount of iron‐ and manganese‐rich ground water discharging to Shingobee Lake. Because iron and manganese oxyhydroxides are efficient adsorbers of phosphorus, concentrations of phosphorus are also high in the sediments of Shingobee Lake. Without this sequestration of phosphorus, the productivity of Shingobee Lake would probably be much higher.
","language":"English","publisher":"NGWA","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02437.x","usgsCitation":"Dean, W.E., Neff, B., Rosenberry, D.O., Winter, T.C., and Parkhurst, R.S., 2006, The significance of ground water to the accumulation of iron and manganese in the sediments of two hydrologically distinct lakes in north‐central Minnesota: A geological perspective: Ground Water, v. 41, no. 7, p. 951-963, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02437.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"951","endPage":"963","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"North-central Minnestoa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.9326171875,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -95.712890625,\n 46.66451741754235\n ],\n [\n -92.8125,\n 46.392411189814645\n ],\n [\n -89.56054687499999,\n 47.931066347509784\n ],\n [\n -90.94482421875,\n 48.29781249243716\n ],\n [\n -91.40625,\n 48.151428143221224\n ],\n [\n -92.21923828124999,\n 48.45835188280866\n ],\n [\n -93.2958984375,\n 48.73445537176822\n ],\n [\n -93.80126953124999,\n 48.63290858589535\n ],\n [\n -94.52636718749999,\n 48.777912755501845\n ],\n [\n -94.9658203125,\n 49.410973199695846\n ],\n [\n -95.185546875,\n 49.439556958940855\n ],\n [\n -95.20751953125,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -95.9326171875,\n 49.03786794532644\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neff, Brian 0000-0003-3718-7350 bneff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3718-7350","contributorId":198885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neff","given":"Brian","email":"bneff@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parkhurst, Renee S. rparkhur@usgs.gov","contributorId":4719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"Renee","email":"rparkhur@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":779107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70207729,"text":"70207729 - 2006 - A continuous 250,000 yr record of oxygen and carbon isotopes in ostracode and bulk-sediment carbonate from Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-15T17:17:52.973065","indexId":"70207729","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-08T11:59:41","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A continuous 250,000 yr record of oxygen and carbon isotopes in ostracode and bulk-sediment carbonate from Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho","docAbstract":"Oxygen and carbon isotopes from a continuous, 120-m-long, carbonate-rich core from Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho, document dramatic fluctuations in the hydrologic budget of the lake over the last 250,000 yr. Isotopic analyses of bulk sediment samples capture millennial-scale variability. Ostracode calcite was analyzed from 78 levels, mainly from the upper half of the core where valves are better preserved, to compare the isotopic value of purely endogenic carbonate with the bulk sediment, which comprises both endogenic and detrital components. The long core exhibits three relatively brief intervals with abundant endogenic aragonite (50±10%) and enriched δ18O and δ13C. These intervals are interpreted as warm/dry periods when the lake retracted into a topographically closed basin. We correlate these intervals with the interglacial periods of marine oxygen-isotope stages 1, 5e, and 7a, consistent with the presently available geochronological control. During most of the time represented by the core, the lake was fresher than the modern lake, as evidenced by depleted δ18O and δ13C in bulk-sediment carbonate.
Sediments deposited on the western slope of the Guaymas Basin in the central Gulf of California are composed predominantly of detrital clastic material and biogenic silica (biopal), with minor organic material (average of 2.8% organic carbon) and calcium carbonate. The CaCO3 is derived from calcareous plankton and is highly variable ranging from 0% to 16%. In general, the CaCO3 content of the sediments varies inversely with the biopal content, reflecting the relative abundance of calcareous and siliceous plankton in the photic zone. Siliceous plankton dominate when winds are predominantly out of the northwest producing strong upwelling. Calcareous plankton indicates weak southeasterly winds that bring warm, tropical Pacific surface water into the Gulf. Based mainly on relative abundances of biopal and CaCO3, the sediments deposited over the last 17,000 years in the western Guaymas Basin can be divided into five intervals. In general, the sediments in the intervals with high biopal and low CaCO3 are laminated, but this is not always true. Unlike most other continental margins of the world with well-developed oxygen minimum zones where highest concentrations of organic carbon and redox-sensitive trace metals occur in laminated sediments, the laminated sediments on the anoxic slope of the western Guaymas Basin do not always have the highest concentrations of organic carbon and trace metals such as Mo and Cd.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.02.017","usgsCitation":"Dean, W.E., 2006, The geochemical record of the last 17,000 years in the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California: Chemical Geology, v. 232, no. 3-4, p. 87-98, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.02.017.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"98","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.71874999999999,\n 21.94304553343818\n ],\n [\n -104.67773437499999,\n 21.94304553343818\n ],\n [\n -104.67773437499999,\n 32.24997445586331\n ],\n [\n -116.71874999999999,\n 32.24997445586331\n ],\n [\n -116.71874999999999,\n 21.94304553343818\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"232","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207715,"text":"70207715 - 2006 - Geology of Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, New Jersey-Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-15T15:26:01.917941","indexId":"70207715","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-07T14:17:03","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1724,"text":"GSA Field Guides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, New Jersey-Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Many of the parks within the National Park System owe their uniqueness to their geologic framework. Their scenery is the result of diverse natural processes acting upon a variety of rocks that were deposited in varied environments in the geologic past. The Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area (DEWA) contains a rich geologic and cultural history within its 68,714 acre boundary. Following the border between New Jersey and Pennsylvania, the Delaware River has cut a magnificent gorge through Kit-tantinny Mountain, the Delaware Water Gap, to which all other gaps in the Appalachian Mountains have been compared. Proximity to many institutions of learning in this densely populated area of the northeastern United States (Fig. 1) makes DEWA an ideal locality to study the geology of this part of the Appalachian Mountains. This one-day field trip comprises two stops within the gap itself and will include discussion on stratigraphy, structure, geomorphology, and glacial geology. The first stop will be at the bottom of the gap in Pennsylvania to look at the magnificent exposures in the cleft on the New Jersey side. This will be followed by a traverse to the top of Mount Tammany along a popular trail, where we will compare the geology across the river in Pennsylvania. Much of the information presented in this guidebook is summarized from Epstein (2001a, 2001b, 2001c) and Epstein and Lyttle (2001).
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/2006.fld008(04)","usgsCitation":"Epstein, J.B., 2006, Geology of Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, New Jersey-Pennsylvania: GSA Field Guides, v. 8, p. 47-63, https://doi.org/10.1130/2006.fld008(04).","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"63","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371046,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.34423828125,\n 41.17038447781618\n ],\n [\n -74.542236328125,\n 41.17038447781618\n ],\n [\n -74.542236328125,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -75.34423828125,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -75.34423828125,\n 41.17038447781618\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Epstein, Jack B. jepstein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epstein","given":"Jack","email":"jepstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207682,"text":"70207682 - 2006 - Introduction to ‘Antarctic climate evolution: View from the margin’","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-08T13:13:12.68654","indexId":"70207682","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-06T11:38:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction to ‘Antarctic climate evolution: View from the margin’","docAbstract":"This special issue on “Antarctic Climate Evolution—view from the margin” presents results from modelling studies and reports on geoscience data aimed at improving our understanding of the behaviour of the Antarctic ice sheet and the climate of the region. This research field is of interest because of the sensitivity of the polar regions to global warming, and because of the influence of the Antarctic ice sheet on global sea level and climate through most if not all of the Cenozoic Era. The Antarctic ice sheet both responds to and forces changes on global climate and sea level. We need to be aware of the scale and frequency of these changes if we are to understand past patterns of environmental change elsewhere on earth. It was only three decades ago that we discovered from strata drilled in shelf basins on the Antarctic margin that the Antarctic ice sheet had a history that predated the Quaternary ice ages by over 20 million years (Hayes et al., 1975). Later that year the first interpretation of Antarctic glacial history through the Cenozoic Era from oxygen isotopes, recorded in foraminifera from deep-sea sediment cores, was published (Shackleton and Kennett, 1975). Revisions with a more extensive database have modified the story a little (Miller et al., 1987, Zachos et al., 2001), and there have been recent attempts to resolve the temperature–ice volume ambiguity (Lear et al., 2000). However, reports on strata drilled on the Antarctic margin have unambiguously shown the character of this huge ice sheet, which was oscillating in the Oligocene (Barrett et al., 1987, Barrett, 1999) with a period and magnitude comparable with the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets of the Quaternary (Naish et al., 2001a, Naish et al., 2001b). In this issue we present further research on the history of the Antarctic ice sheet from Oligocene to recent times, most of them from the Antarctic margin, but with some on the nature of the deep-sea isotope record, and others using recently developed modeling techniques to investigate the influence of atmosphere, ocean and biosphere on past Antarctic climate.
This special issue is the third in three years on the theme of Antarctic Climate Evolution. The first followed a workshop in Erice, Sicily, in 2001 to report on results from ANTOSTRAT, a SCAR-sponsored project for gathering and analysing circum-Antarctic seismic data for planning and promoting offshore drilling for climate history. The introduction to that issue (Florindo et al., 2003) provides a review of the recent history of circum-Antarctic drilling by the Ocean Drilling Program (Legs 113, 114, 119, 120, 177, 178, 188 and 189) and the Cape Roberts Project. For a more comprehensive review of earlier drilling in the Ross Sea region (Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 28, Dry Valley Drilling Project, McMurdo Sound Sediment and Tectonic Studies, Cenozoic Investigations in the western Ross Sea) see Hambrey and Barrett (1993). The first of these issues (Florindo et al., 2003) featured a global plate reconstruction of the Southern Hemisphere through Cenozoic time with emphasis on evolution of Cenozoic seaways (Lawver and Gahagan, 2003) along with a study of the inception and early evolution of the EAIS using a new coupled global climate (GCM)–dynamic ice sheet model (DeConto and Pollard, 2003b), as well as data from recent drilling around the margin covering time period from Cretaceous to the present. A second special issue on the same theme (Florindo et al., 2005) also featured a mix of modelling and data papers with a focus on the Eocene–Oligocene boundary and the initiation of ice sheet growth, including a pioneering attempt to evaluate the relative influence of fluvial versus glacial processes in shaping the landscape of the Prydz Bay sector of Antarctica (Jamieson et al., 2005). The remainder of the issue comprised further papers on seismic stratigraphy and reports from drilling around the margin. The papers to be found in this special issue, like the previous two, maintain the mix of modelling- and data-oriented papers that reflect the range of this research.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.08.003","usgsCitation":"Barrett, P.J., Florindo, F., and Cooper, A.K., 2006, Introduction to ‘Antarctic climate evolution: View from the margin’: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 231, no. 1-2, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.08.003.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science 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Peter J.","contributorId":22626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Florindo, F.","contributorId":49205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Florindo","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Alan K. acooper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","email":"acooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179073,"text":"70179073 - 2006 - King of the 40th parallel - Discovery in the American West","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-21T18:51:40","indexId":"70179073","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"King of the 40th parallel - Discovery in the American West","docAbstract":"This book recounts the life and achievements of Clarence King, widely recognized as one of America’s most gifted intellectuals of the nineteenth century, and a legendary figure in the American West. King’s genius, singular accomplishments, and near-death adventures unfold in a narrative centered on his personal relationship with his lifelong friend and colleague, James Gardner. The two, upon completing their studies at Yale, traveled by wagon train across the continent and worked with the California Geological Survey. King went on to establish the Geological Exploration of the 40th Parallel, a government mapping program that stretched across the western mountain chains from California to Wyoming. This was the precursor to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Founded in 1879, with Clarence King as its architect and first director, the USGS became the most important and influential science agency in the nation.
The adventurous aspects of conducting geological fieldwork in the West, much of them documented by letters written by King and Gardner, punctuate a book copiously illustrated with historic maps and photographs showing localities and people important to the story.
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The research \"framework\" is unique at Fourmile Creek for investigating the important question of how ECs are transported through the environment and if the presence of such compounds is having a deleterious effect on aquatic ecosystems.
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