In the Salina quadrangle, as in most of the arid West, summer precipitation commonly occurs as thunderstorms. Suring these storms, rain falls as a torrential downpour, or cloudburst, in a local area. An inch of rain or more may fall in half an hour; U.S. Weather Bureau records show that o.4 inch of rain has fallen in a period of 5 minutes (Woolley, 1946). Such a fall of water far exceeds the absorptive capacity of the ground surface, and in areas of steep sparsely vegetated terrain the runoff forms a cloudburst flood in which loose rock, soil, and alluvium combine with water to form a debris-laden mudflow. The mudflow then moves rapidly down gullies and canyons with power great enough to erode and to transport debris, and to destroy the works of man lying in its path. When the mudflow pours from the canyon mount into an open valley, solid debris separates from the water and is added to the alluvial fan built by numerous previous floods. Because many towns in Utah are built on fans at the mouths of canyons, there has been loss of life and considerable damage to buildings, streets, and crops since 1847, when white men first settled in Utah.
This map shows historical cloudburst floods for which records exist; data were taken from the sources listed below. Most of the flooded areas shown are in or near populated places, and so the floods were observed and recorded. Actually, no part of the quadrangle is exempt from cloudburst floods; every canyon, dry wash, and swale is visited sooner or later by a cloudburst and becomes, briefly, the site of a destructive mudflow. The traveler is advised to exercise caution in all drainageways, especially during July and August, when 80 percent of the cloudbursts occur.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/i591N","usgsCitation":"Hackman, R., and Williams, P., 1972, Map showing drainage basins and historic cloudburst floods in the Salina quadrangle, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 591, 1 Plate: 40.26 x 27.93 inches; Cover: 9.23 x 11.74 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i591N.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 40.26 x 27.93 inches; Cover: 9.23 x 11.74 inches","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":255580,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0591n/plate-1.pdf","text":"Map I-591-N","size":"8.75 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":255582,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0591n/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":255581,"rank":2,"type":{"id":8,"text":"Cover"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0591n/report.pdf","text":"Folio Cover","size":"389 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":493515,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9387.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Salina quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112,38 ], [ -112,39 ], [ -110,39 ], [ -110,38 ], [ -112,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c95b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackman, Robert J.","contributorId":30999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackman","given":"Robert J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":273928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Paul L.","contributorId":91086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Paul L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":273927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":56429,"text":"wdrAK711 - 1972 - Water resources data for Alaska, water year 1971","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:17","indexId":"wdrAK711","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"AK-71-1","title":"Water resources data for Alaska, water year 1971","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrAK711","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1972, Water resources data for Alaska, water year 1971: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report AK-71-1, 328 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrAK711.","productDescription":"328 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f7997","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56471,"text":"wdrFL7112 - 1972 - Water resources data for Florida, water year 1971; Part 1, Subsurface water records; Volume 2, Streams, southern Florida, Lake Okeechobee, and the Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:20","indexId":"wdrFL7112","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"FL-71-1-2","title":"Water resources data for Florida, water year 1971; Part 1, Subsurface water records; Volume 2, Streams, southern Florida, Lake Okeechobee, and the Everglades","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrFL7112","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1972, Water resources data for Florida, water year 1971; Part 1, Subsurface water records; Volume 2, Streams, southern Florida, Lake Okeechobee, and the Everglades: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report FL-71-1-2, 245 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrFL7112.","productDescription":"245 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f73c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56592,"text":"wdrTN711 - 1972 - Water resources data for Tennessee, water year 1971","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:10","indexId":"wdrTN711","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"TN-71-1","title":"Water resources data for Tennessee, water year 1971","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrTN711","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1972, Water resources data for Tennessee, water year 1971: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report TN-71-1, 239 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrTN711.","productDescription":"239 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db62835c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24714,"text":"ofr72381 - 1972 - Availability of ground water for public-water supply in the Pensacola area, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:24","indexId":"ofr72381","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-381","title":"Availability of ground water for public-water supply in the Pensacola area, Florida","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr72381","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Trapp, H., 1972, Availability of ground water for public-water supply in the Pensacola area, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-381, 94 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72381.","productDescription":"94 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667e07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trapp, Henry Jr.","contributorId":6034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trapp","given":"Henry","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24816,"text":"ofr72447 - 1972 - Appraisal of shallow ground-water resources, Pueblo Army Depot, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T15:40:57","indexId":"ofr72447","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-447","title":"Appraisal of shallow ground-water resources, Pueblo Army Depot, Colorado","docAbstract":"The water supply for the Pueblo Army Depot, 15 miles wast of Pueblo, Colo., is obtained from wells that tap an aquifer in terrace alluvium. Withdrawals have resulted in a water-level decline of 27 feet, which adversely affects the discharge rate of individual wells. Furthermore, excessive pumpage has resulted in progressive deterioration of water quality. Over a 20-year period, hardness has increased from 70 milligrams per liter to 135 milligrams per liter and dissolved-solids content has increased from 250 milligrams per liter to 370 milligrams per liter.
\nTwo new supply wells were drilled in the southern part of the Depot and were tested to determine aquifer properties and probable production rate. The hydraulic conductivity determined from these tests ranged from about 350 to nearly 600 gallons per day per square foot. The transmissivity for the full thickness of the aquifer is in the range of 7,500 to 12,000 gallons per day per foot.<.p>\n
\n
The two new supply wells can be pumped at a combined rate of about 140 gallons per minute. If pumpage in the existing well field is reduced by the same amount, some recovery of water levels in the field will occur and the trend in water quality deterioration may slow or even reverse.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr72447","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey for the Department of the Army Pueblo Army Depot","usgsCitation":"Welder, F.A., and Hurr, R.T., 1972, Appraisal of shallow ground-water resources, Pueblo Army Depot, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-447, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72447.","productDescription":"44 p.","numberOfPages":"53","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287752,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287751,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0447/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Pueblo Army Depot","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.75,38.0 ], [ -104.75,38.5 ], [ -104.25,38.5 ], [ -104.25,38.0 ], [ -104.75,38.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a38d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welder, Frank A.","contributorId":32173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welder","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hurr, R. Theodore","contributorId":27023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurr","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Theodore","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":56556,"text":"wdrMN7112 - 1972 - Water resources data for Minnesota, water year 1971","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:08","indexId":"wdrMN7112","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MN-71-1-2","title":"Water resources data for Minnesota, water year 1971","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrMN7112","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1972, Water resources data for Minnesota, water year 1971: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MN-71-1-2, 338 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMN7112.","productDescription":"338 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1971/mn-71-1-2/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":88147,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1971/mn-71-1-2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3d91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56521,"text":"wdrIA711 - 1972 - Water resources data for Iowa, water year 1971","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:50","indexId":"wdrIA711","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"IA-71-1","title":"Water resources data for Iowa, water year 1971","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrIA711","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1972, Water resources data for Iowa, water year 1971: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report IA-71-1, 362 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrIA711.","productDescription":"362 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1971/ia-71-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":88140,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1971/ia-71-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5eeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3106,"text":"wsp2099 - 1972 - Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1968, Part 11, Pacific slope basin in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:36","indexId":"wsp2099","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2099","title":"Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1968, Part 11, Pacific slope basin in California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. 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Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1042","title":"Geologic map of the Wedding of the Waters quadrangle, Hot Springs County, Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/gq1042","usgsCitation":"Maughan, E.K., 1972, Geologic map of the Wedding of the Waters quadrangle, Hot Springs County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 1042, 1 map., https://doi.org/10.3133/gq1042.","productDescription":"1 map.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":107486,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10587.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10587"},{"id":248728,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1042/report.pdf","size":"36","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":254038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1042/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.25,43.5 ], [ -108.25,43.6175 ], [ -108.11749999999999,43.6175 ], [ -108.11749999999999,43.5 ], [ -108.25,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a08f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maughan, Edwin K.","contributorId":85172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maughan","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":267551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48004,"text":"ofr71344 - 1972 - Records of water-level measurements in wells in the Oklahoma panhandle, 1966-70","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:08","indexId":"ofr71344","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71-344","title":"Records of water-level measurements in wells in the Oklahoma panhandle, 1966-70","docAbstract":"Investigations of the ground-water resources of the Oklahoma panhandle by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board includes collection of water-level records; the systematic collection of these records began in 1937. Records of many shallow wells were compiled in 1937 and periodic measurements were made in a few wells until 1966. Owing to the heavy development of irrigation during the 1960's (fig. 1) an expanded network of observation wells established in Texas County in 1966 and in Beaver and Cimarron Counties in 1967; measurement of water levels have been made on an annual basis since those times.\r\nThis report contains water-level records for the period 1966-70 in Texas County, and for the period 1967-70 in Beaver and Cimarron Counties. At the present time (1971) the annual observation-well network includes 528 wells, of which 98 are in Beaver County, 211 are in Cimarron County, and 219 are in Texas County. These data provide an index to available ground-water supplies; they will be useful in planning and studying water resources development; and they will serve as a framework of data for the detailed hydrologic investigation now in progress in the panhandle.\r\n\r\n(available as photostat copy only)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr71344","usgsCitation":"Hart, D.L., 1972, Records of water-level measurements in wells in the Oklahoma panhandle, 1966-70: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-344, 66 p. : ill. ; 21 x 27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr71344.","productDescription":"66 p. : ill. ; 21 x 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e58cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Donald L. Jr.","contributorId":89946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Donald","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":64038,"text":"gp841 - 1972 - Aeromagnetic map of part of the Elk City 1° by 2° quadrangle, Idaho-Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-09T16:30:32.487774","indexId":"gp841","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"841","title":"Aeromagnetic map of part of the Elk City 1° by 2° quadrangle, Idaho-Montana","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gp841","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1972, Aeromagnetic map of part of the Elk City 1° by 2° quadrangle, Idaho-Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map 841, 1 Plate: 25.86 × 17.38 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gp841.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 25.86 × 17.38 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394928,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_6194.htm"},{"id":250475,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0841/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":250476,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0841/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":253968,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0841/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Elk City 1° by 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116,45 ], [ -116,45.75 ], [ -114.416667,45.75 ], [ -114.416667,45 ], [ -116,45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697ad0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48064,"text":"ofr72300 - 1972 - An inventory of published and unpublished fluvial-sediment data for California, 1956-70","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-09T08:39:31","indexId":"ofr72300","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-300","title":"An inventory of published and unpublished fluvial-sediment data for California, 1956-70","docAbstract":"This inventory was prepared to provide a convenient reference to \npublished and unpublished fluvial-sediment data for water years 1956-70, \nand updates substantially previous inventories. Sediment stations are \nlisted in downstream order, and an alphabetical list of stations is also \nincluded. Figure 1 shows the approximate location of sediment stations \nin California. Most of the fluvial-sediment data in California were \ncollected by the U.S. Geological Survey, under cooperative agreements \nwith the following Federal, State, and local agencies: \nCalifornia Department of Water Resources, \nCalifornia Department of Navigation and Ocean Development, \nCalifornia Department of Fish and Game, \nBolinas Harbor District, \nMonterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation District, \nOrange County Flood Control District, \nRiverside County Flood Control and Water Conservation District, \nSan Diego County Department of Sanitation and Flood Control, \nSan Luis Obispo County, \nSan Mateo County, \nSanta Clara County Flood Control and Water District, \nSanta Cruz County Flood Control and Water Conservation District, \nSanta Cruz, city of, \nUniversity of California, \nVentura County Flood Control District, \nForest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, \nSoil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, \nCorps of Engineers, U.S. Army, \nBureau of Reclamation, U.S. Department of the Interior, \nNational Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. \nThis report was prepared by the Geological Survey under the general \nsupervision of R. Stanley Lord, district chief in charge of water-resources \ninvestigations in California.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/ofr72300","usgsCitation":"Porterfield, G., 1972, An inventory of published and unpublished fluvial-sediment data for California, 1956-70: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-300, ii, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72300.","productDescription":"ii, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"28","temporalStart":"1956-01-01","temporalEnd":"1970-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161968,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0300/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":285917,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0300/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.0,33.0 ], [ -124.0,42.0 ], [ -115.0,42.0 ], [ -115.0,33.0 ], [ -124.0,33.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db68434c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porterfield, George","contributorId":68719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porterfield","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48010,"text":"ofr7237 - 1972 - An evaluation of water-quality records for Texas streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T15:54:20","indexId":"ofr7237","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-37","title":"An evaluation of water-quality records for Texas streams","docAbstract":"Chemical data for 12 streamflow-sampling stations in Texas, each having from 8 to 24 years of available historical records, were analyzed to determine functional relationships between concentrations of the major inorganic constituents and specific conductance or stream discharge. Regression equations for each station were derived by using data for an identical 5-year period; the remaining record served as independent test data for checking the adequacy of the functions on the basis of continued specific-conductance determinations as an index variable.
Daily solute concentrations and loads at a sampling site were simulated, and monthly and annual averages were computed by using daily records of specific conductance in conjunction with the regression equations. Simulated annual mean concentrations of most individual solutes and dissolved solids averaged within 10-20 percent of comparable concentrations determined from the composited chemical analyses, although systematic biases were detected in results for some of the relationships used in the simulation. Results of the evaluation of the 12 stations indicated that regression equations, using specific conductance as the independent variable, can be used as an alternative to composite analyses for calculation of solute concentrations and loads in Texas streams and is a flexible system that can be applied with sufficient accuracy to satisfy most anticipated needs for data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/ofr7237","usgsCitation":"Blakey, J., Hawkinson, R., and Steele, T., 1972, An evaluation of water-quality records for Texas streams: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-37, v, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7237.","productDescription":"v, 54 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":114388,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0037/report.pdf","size":"2008","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0037/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684845","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blakey, J.F.","contributorId":23969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakey","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":236668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hawkinson, R.O.","contributorId":86804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkinson","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steele, T.D.","contributorId":38976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":48058,"text":"ofr72261 - 1972 - Artificial recharge in the upper Santa Ana Valley, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-27T14:28:47.027618","indexId":"ofr72261","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-261","title":"Artificial recharge in the upper Santa Ana Valley, southern California","docAbstract":"Artificial recharge has long been an integral part of water-supply management in the upper Santa Ana Valley. About 7,500 acres of unlined channels and 2,590 acres in 60 off-channel recharge facilities are available for water spreading.
To estimate potential infiltration rates for the recharge facilities, 63 single-ring infiltrometer tests were conducted at 22 recharge facilities. Tests ranged from 1 to 14 hours and averaged about 14 hours. Measured infiltration rates ranged from about 0.1 foot per day at Patton basin to 106 feet per day at Lynwood basin. Grain-size distribution was determined on 25 soil samples collected at infiltrometer test sites. Regression analysis showed a direct relation between the logarithm of the infiltration rate and the logarithm of the 20th percentile particle diameter, corresponding to 20 percent finer on the grain-size graph. Regression analysis also showed an inverse relation between the logarithm of the infiltration rate and the logarithm of the sorting coefficient. Test sites were grouped into two geologic units--younger alluvium and older alluvium. Logarithmic plots of infiltration rates versus the ratio D20/30 yielded straight-line plots for both geologic units.
Silt clogging greatly affects infiltration rates. Some clogging was observed in nearly all facilities, and significant reduction of infiltration rates was measured in seven basins.
Drillers' logs, supplemented with data from 11 test holes augered during the investigation, were used to delineate low permeability horizons that might retard downward movement of recharged water. Low permeability zones were found within the upper 50 feet at five basins.
Unused storage capacity in underlying ground-water basins ranges from large in Chino basin to minimal in Oak Glen subbasin. Recharge operations in Bunker Hill, Lytle, Etiwanda, and Claremont Heights basins should be carefully monitored to guard against overfilling the aquifers.
Recharge capacity, which is the volume rate (cubic feet per second) of water that can be recharged for extended periods at a given site, was estimated for all unlined channels and off-channel recharge facilities. Recharge capacity of all off-channel facilities was estimated to be more than 3,200 cfs (cubic feet per second). Total recharge capacity for major stream systems seems to be adequate to handle floods of 5-year recurrence intervals, and most systems have sufficient capacity to handle 10-year floods.
Potential recharge rate, which is the infiltration rate (feet per day) that can be maintained over extended periods under normal operating conditions, was delineated throughout the study area on the basis of controlling geologic and hydrologic factors. Estimated recharge rates range from less than 1 foot per day in areas underlain by older alluvium to 4 feet per day in areas underlain by coarse-grained younger alluvium.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72261","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Bernadino County Flood Control District","usgsCitation":"Moreland, J.A., 1972, Artificial recharge in the upper Santa Ana Valley, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-261, Report: 51 p.; 2 Figures: 24.36 x 21.83 inches and 24.41 x 21.72 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72261.","productDescription":"Report: 51 p.; 2 Figures: 24.36 x 21.83 inches and 24.41 x 21.72 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":464532,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0261/figure-3,4.pdf","text":"Figures 3 and 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":464533,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0261/figure-5,6.pdf","text":"Figures 5 and 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":464531,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0261/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161879,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0261/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Ana Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.26350655006037,\n 34.09035779532327\n ],\n [\n -118.26350655006037,\n 33.07871896520476\n ],\n [\n -116.82028540594663,\n 33.07871896520476\n ],\n [\n -116.82028540594663,\n 34.09035779532327\n ],\n [\n -118.26350655006037,\n 34.09035779532327\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672c0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moreland, Joe A.","contributorId":48171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moreland","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48102,"text":"ofr72463 - 1972 - Ground-water levels in observation wells in Oklahoma, 1969-70","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-29T07:40:16","indexId":"ofr72463","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-463","title":"Ground-water levels in observation wells in Oklahoma, 1969-70","docAbstract":"The investigation of the ground-water resources of Oklahoma by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board includes a continuing program to collect records of water levels in selected observation wells on a systematic basis. These water-level records: (1) provide an index to available ground-water supplies; (2) facilitate the prediction of trends in water levels that will indicate likely changes in storage; (3) aid in the prediction of the base flow of streams; (4) provide information for use in basic research; (5) provide long-time continuous records of fluctuations of water levels in representative wells; and (6) serve as a framework to which other types of hydrologic data my be related.
\nPrior to 1956, measurements of water levels in observation wells in Oklahoma were included in water-supply papers published annually by the U.S. Geological Survey. Beginning with the 1956 calendar year, however, Geological Survey water-level reports will contain only records of a selected network of observation wells, and will be published at 5-year intervals. The first of this series, for the 1956-59 period was published in 1962.
\nIn addition to the water-supply papers, the U.S. Geological Survey, cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board, has published the following informal reports on water levels in Oklahoma.
\nGround-water levels in observations wells in Oklahoma, 1956-60
\nGround-water levels in observations wells in Oklahoma, 1961-62
\nGround-water levels in observations wells in Oklahoma, 1963-64
\nGround-water levels in observations wells in Oklahoma, 1965-66
\nGround-water levels in observations wells in Oklahoma, 1967-68
\nRecords of water-level measurements in wells in the Oklahoma Panhandle, 1966-70
\nRecords of water-level measurements in wells in the Oklahoma Panhandle, 1971-72
\nThe basic observation-well network in Oklahoma during the period 1969-70 included the following counties: Alfalfa, Beaver, Beckham, Caddo, Cimarron, Cleveland, Garfield, Garvin, Grady, Greer, Harmon, Jackson, Kingfisher, LeFlore, Major, Muskogee, Oklahoma, Payne, Pontotoc, Rogers, Sequoyah, Texas, Tillman, Wagoner, Washita, and Woodward. Table 2 includes the basic observation-well network and other wells measured by the U.S. Geological Survey.
\nThe data in this report were compiled and prepared for publication under the cooperative agreement for ground-water investigations in Oklahoma between the Oklahoma Water Resources Board, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Oklahoma Geological Survey, and the U.S. Geological Survey.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72463","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Moore, R., 1972, Ground-water levels in observation wells in Oklahoma, 1969-70: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-463, 86 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72463.","productDescription":"86 p.","numberOfPages":"91","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287756,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287755,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0463/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.0,34.0 ], [ -103.0,37.0 ], [ -95.0,37.0 ], [ -95.0,34.0 ], [ -103.0,34.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dd44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, R.L.","contributorId":95930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48097,"text":"ofr72464 - 1972 - Records of water-level measurements in wells in the Oklahoma panhandle, 1971-72","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T16:43:35","indexId":"ofr72464","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-464","title":"Records of water-level measurements in wells in the Oklahoma panhandle, 1971-72","docAbstract":"Investigations of the ground-water resources of the Oklahoma panhandle by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board includes collection of water-level records; the systematic collection of these records began in 1937. Records of many shallow wells were compiled in 1937 and periodic measurements were made in a few wells until 1966. Owing to the heavy development of irrigation during the 1960's (fig. 1) an expanded network of observation wells established in Texas County in 1966 and in Beaver and Cimarron Counties in 1967; measurement of water levels have been made on an annual basis since those times.
This report contains water-level records for the period 1971-72 and the water-level change for the period 1966-72 in Texas County, and for the period 1967-72 in Beaver and Cimarron Counties. At the present time (1972) the annual observation-well network includes 521 wells, of which 97 are in Beaver County, 203 are in Cimarron County, and 221 are in Texas County. These data provide an index to available ground-water supplies; they will be useful in planning and studying water resources development; and they will serve as a framework of data for the detailed hydrologic investigation now in progress in the panhandle.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72464","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Hart, D.L., Hoffman, G.L., and Goemaat, R.L., 1972, Records of water-level measurements in wells in the Oklahoma panhandle, 1971-72: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-464, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72464.","productDescription":"39 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287758,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287757,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0464/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.01 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Beaver County, Cimarron County, Texas County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-100.9441,36.9988],[-100.6337,36.9986],[-100.1079,36.9983],[-100.0902,36.9983],[-100.0024,36.9985],[-100.004,36.8538],[-100.0044,36.76],[-100.0045,36.5917],[-100.0044,36.5849],[-100.0038,36.4998],[-100.1458,36.4998],[-100.3204,36.4999],[-100.5459,36.4994],[-100.7022,36.5],[-100.8939,36.4998],[-100.9524,36.4998],[-101.0908,36.5003],[-101.6255,36.5025],[-101.87,36.5034],[-102.1618,36.5004],[-103.0007,36.5013],[-103.0007,36.5905],[-103.0007,36.6732],[-103.0007,36.7643],[-103.0008,36.9341],[-103.0009,36.999],[-102.7973,36.9988],[-102.7859,36.9988],[-102.7808,36.9986],[-102.7016,36.9958],[-102.6943,36.9957],[-102.6757,36.9956],[-102.5627,36.9962],[-102.5372,36.9963],[-102.5034,36.9963],[-102.4775,36.9963],[-102.4577,36.9961],[-102.3931,36.9955],[-102.351,36.9951],[-102.3247,36.9948],[-102.0423,36.9922],[-102.0417,36.9922],[-102.0281,36.9925],[-101.9881,36.9925],[-101.918,36.9929],[-101.5552,36.9951],[-101.544,36.9952],[-101.2679,36.9967],[-101.0671,36.9978],[-100.9536,36.9988],[-100.9441,36.9988]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Beaver\",\"state\":\"OK\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db611059","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Donald L. Jr.","contributorId":89946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Donald","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, George L.","contributorId":6106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goemaat, Robert L.","contributorId":64256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goemaat","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":56559,"text":"wdrNE712 - 1972 - Water resources data for Nebraska, water year 1971; Part 2, water quality records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-30T16:15:52","indexId":"wdrNE712","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NE-71-2","title":"Water resources data for Nebraska, water year 1971; Part 2, water quality records","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f2419","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":12446,"text":"ofr726 - 1972 - Lithium in surface and ground waters of the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:33","indexId":"ofr726","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-6","title":"Lithium in surface and ground waters of the conterminous United States","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr726","usgsCitation":"Anderson, B.M., 1972, Lithium in surface and ground waters of the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-6, 5 leaves :map ;27 cm.; 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr726.","productDescription":"5 leaves :map ;27 cm.; 7 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4e55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Barbara M.","contributorId":75155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":14383,"text":"ofr72200 - 1972 - Geochemistry of selected areas in the southern Black Hills, Fall River County, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-01T21:57:54.960363","indexId":"ofr72200","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-200","title":"Geochemistry of selected areas in the southern Black Hills, Fall River County, South Dakota","docAbstract":"Geologic and radiometric studies and chemical analyses of soils, rocks, and water were made north of an area between Edgemont and Hot Springs, South Dakota.
The soil is shallow, poorly developed, and not present in some areas. The median pH of the soil from three areas ranges from 6.7 to 7.0. Rocks are more alkaline and have a median pH from several areas of 7.3 to 8.9 and some mineralized rocks have a pH of 9.4.
The pH of shallow perched high-radon bearing waters varies from 3.5 to 6.8 as contrasted to deeply originating low-radon bearing thermal waters with very small ranges of from 6.9 to 7.0.
Sediments are oxidized down to the perched water table, a depth of more than 50 feet below the surface of the ground. The uranium deposits are mostly in this zone of oxidation and are characterized by the minerals carnotite and tyuyamunite. In the oxidized zone sandstones are most commonly colored a very pale orange in contrast to the underlying yellowish gray colored sandstones. Mudstones, in the oxidized zone, are most commonly colored a grayish orange in contrast to the underlying olive gray colored mudstones. The characteristic mineral in the oxidized zone is hematite, and below, pyrite.
Sediments in the oxidized zone contain not only less iron and uranium than do the underlying sediments but also the joints and contacts between strata in this oxidized zone contain relative large amounts of arsenic, barium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, manganese, nickel, vanadium, and zinc.
No pattern was apparent in the size and position of mineralized zones with respect to ground water levels: Highly uraniferous beds occurred above, at, and below the uppermost perched water levels.
Gamma ray logs were made of 43 drill holes that totalled about 4,300 feet. The number and intensity of radioactivity peaks was a function of increasing grain size in the sediments. About 60 percent of the gamma ray radioactivity peaks occurred within beds rather than at their contacts. Contacts between coarser-grained beds contained a higher incidence of radioactivity peaks than contacts between finer-grained beds. Between beds of dissimilar lithology such as between mudstones and sandstones or very fine-grained sandstones and medium-grained sandstones, the coarser the bed at the contact in relation to the other bed at the contact the greater the chance for a radioactivity peak. An apparently impermeable bed above or below a contact seemed to have little influence on the number and magnitude of radioactivity peaks. Over 70 percent of the radioactivity peaks occurred, not as isolated peaks, but in groups containing from two to ten peaks. Most of these groups were in sandstones rather than in mudstones. The average vertical range of each group of radioactivity peaks is 15 feet, and for isolated peaks, one foot.
Radiometric anomalies apparently are not detected by hand-carried scintillometers unless there is a subsurface anomaly greater than about 1,000 counts per second within a few feet of the surface of the ground. Larger radioactivity anomalies occurred in the higher sloping areas. The chances for uranium anomalies in soil were best where the soil was underlain by an uraniferous coarse non-calcareous sandstone which was intersected by joint or faults.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72200","usgsCitation":"Jones, R.S., 1972, Geochemistry of selected areas in the southern Black Hills, Fall River County, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-200, Report: vi, 124 p.; 13 Plates: 19.57 x 23.68 inches or smaller; 4 Figures: 25.12 x 31.01 inches or smaller; 14 Tables: 29.91 x 7.73 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72200.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 124 p.; 13 Plates: 19.57 x 23.68 inches or smaller; 4 Figures: 25.12 x 31.01 inches or smaller; 14 Tables: 29.91 x 7.73 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":426212,"rank":33,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0200/Table-19.pdf","text":"Table 19","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":426210,"rank":31,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0200/Table-17-2.pdf","text":"Table 17-2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":426209,"rank":30,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0200/Table-17-1.pdf","text":"Table 17-1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":426206,"rank":27,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0200/Table-12.pdf","text":"Table 12","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":426205,"rank":26,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0200/Table-11.pdf","text":"Table 11","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":426204,"rank":25,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0200/Table-10.pdf","text":"Table 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":426203,"rank":24,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0200/Table-9.pdf","text":"Table 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