We studied Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) in an Alaskan colony where movement of young among nests was possible because of moderate terrain and close nest spacing. Thirty-three percent of chicks in a focal group departed their nests prior to fledging, and seven of the vagrant chicks (58%) were adopted by foster parents. The overall frequency of adoption in three years was 8% of 88 chicks from 57 focal nests. Premature nest-departure occurred at different stages among first- and second-hatched chicks. Departing second-hatched chicks were usually expelled by their nest mates within a few days after hatching. First-hatched chicks left at all stages and usually were the sole nest occupant when they departed. The evidence for parent-offspring recognition was equivocal. Adults accepted alien chicks that appeared in the nest and also occasionally attacked their own young outside the nest. However, asymmetry in the response of parents and nonparents to vagrant chicks seeking access to a nest suggested that adults were often able to discriminate appropriately. Vagrant chicks appeared to have little control over their fate-most entered nests where they were smaller than the resident young and suffered nest-mate aggression. Reproductive error seems the likely explanation for the acceptance and foster caregiving observed in adult kittiwakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Roberts, B.D., and Hatch, S.A., 1994, Chick movements and adoption in a colony of Black-Legged Kittiwakes: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 106, no. 2, p. 289-298.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"298","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338001,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338000,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wjoonline.org/?code=wors-site","text":"Journal's Homepage"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Middleton Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -146.46697998046875,\n 59.37169178361765\n ],\n [\n -146.20811462402344,\n 59.37169178361765\n ],\n [\n -146.20811462402344,\n 59.49809151947178\n ],\n [\n -146.46697998046875,\n 59.49809151947178\n ],\n [\n -146.46697998046875,\n 59.37169178361765\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b99e4b0236b68f82999","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, Bay D.","contributorId":181868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Bay","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180439,"text":"70180439 - 1994 - Variation in mitochondrial DNA and allozymes discriminates early and late forms of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Kenai and Kasilof Rivers, AK","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T13:45:50","indexId":"70180439","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in mitochondrial DNA and allozymes discriminates early and late forms of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Kenai and Kasilof Rivers, AK","docAbstract":"Genetic differences between early and late forms of Alaskan chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were identified using two genetic approaches: mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis, and protein electrophoresis. Study populations consisted of early and late runs in each of the Kenai and Kasilof rivers in Alaska, and a population from the Minam River, Oregon. Two segments of mtDNA were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and digested with 14–16 restriction enzymes. Results showed that early runs were genetically similar to each other but different from the late runs. The late runs were different from each other based on the frequency of the common haplotypes. Frequency differences in shared haplotypes together with the presence of a unique haplotype separated the Minam River stock from those in Alaska. In the protein analysis, each population was examined at 30 allozyme loci. Based on 14 polymorphic loci, Minam River salmon were genetically distinct from the Alaskan populations. Within the Alaskan populations, early runs were most similar to each other but different from the late runs; the late runs were also genetically most similar to each other. Both mtDNA and allozyme analysis suggest that chinook salmon may segregate into genetically different early and late forms within a drainage.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f94-303","usgsCitation":"Adams, N.S., Spearman, W.J., Burger, C.V., Currens, K.P., Schreck, C.B., and Li, H.W., 1994, Variation in mitochondrial DNA and allozymes discriminates early and late forms of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Kenai and Kasilof Rivers, AK: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 51, no. S1, p. 172-181, https://doi.org/10.1139/f94-303.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"172","endPage":"181","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334351,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kasilof River, Kenai River, Minam River ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.3092041015625,\n 60.584269526244995\n ],\n [\n -150.106201171875,\n 60.50052541051131\n ],\n [\n -150.07049560546875,\n 60.4111400885279\n ],\n [\n -150.64453125,\n 59.97288249898143\n ],\n [\n -151.26800537109375,\n 60.07717353916566\n ],\n [\n -151.4080810546875,\n 60.23981116999893\n ],\n [\n -151.37786865234375,\n 60.37721773018029\n ],\n [\n -151.3092041015625,\n 60.577524000434444\n ],\n [\n -151.3092041015625,\n 60.584269526244995\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905ef7e4b072a7ac0cad6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Noah S. 0000-0002-8354-0293 nadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-0293","contributorId":3521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","email":"nadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spearman, William J.","contributorId":178936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spearman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burger, Carl V.","contributorId":152419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burger","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Currens, Kenneth P.","contributorId":178937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Currens","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schreck, Carl B. 0000-0001-8347-1139 carl.schreck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-1139","contributorId":878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"Carl","email":"carl.schreck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Li, Hiram W.","contributorId":18724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Hiram","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70182197,"text":"70182197 - 1994 - Stream and floodplain restoration in a riparian ecosystem disturbed by placer mining","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-19T18:21:42","indexId":"70182197","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stream and floodplain restoration in a riparian ecosystem disturbed by placer mining","docAbstract":"Techniques for the hydrologic restoration of placer-mined streams and floodplains were developed in Denali National Park and Preserve Alaska, USA. The hydrologic study focused on a design of stream and floodplain geometry using hydraulic capacity and shear stress equations. Slope and sinuosity values were based on regional relationships. Design requirements include a channel capacity for a 1.5-year (bankfull) discharge and a floodplain capacity for a 1.5- to 100-year discharge. Concern for potential damage to the project from annual flooding before natural revegetation occurs led to development of alder (Alnus crispa) brush bars to dissipate floodwater energy and encourage sediment deposition. The brush bars, constructed of alder bundles tied together and anchored laterally adjacent to the channel, were installed on the floodplain in several configurations to test their effectiveness. A moderate flood near the end of the two-year construction phase of the project provided data on channel design, stability, floodplain erosion, and brush bar effectiveness. The brush bars provided substantial protection, but unconsolidated bank material and a lack of bed armour for a new channel segment led to some bank erosion, slope changes and an increase in sinuosity in several reaches of the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0925-8574(94)90041-8","usgsCitation":"Karle, K.F., and Densmore, R.V., 1994, Stream and floodplain restoration in a riparian ecosystem disturbed by placer mining: Ecological Engineering, v. 3, no. 2, p. 121-133, https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-8574(94)90041-8.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"133","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335853,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali National Park and Preserve, Glen Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150.7866668701172,\n 63.51779683618753\n ],\n [\n -150.7866668701172,\n 63.58\n ],\n [\n -150.6778335571289,\n 63.58\n ],\n [\n -150.6778335571289,\n 63.51779683618753\n ],\n [\n -150.7866668701172,\n 63.51779683618753\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e34e4b0ce4410e7d620","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karle, Kenneth F.","contributorId":37461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karle","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Densmore, Roseann V.","contributorId":24022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Roseann","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184244,"text":"70184244 - 1994 - Blood sampling in juvenile buff-breasted sandpipers: Movement, weight change and survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-03T15:32:25","indexId":"70184244","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Blood sampling in juvenile buff-breasted sandpipers: Movement, weight change and survival","docAbstract":"The effect of blood sampling on juvenile Buff-breasted Sandpipers (Tryngites subruficollis) was evaluated by comparing movements, mass, and survival of 10 broods (37 chicks) that were bled and eight broods (31 chicks) that were not bled. Blood was sampled from the jugular vein of chicks when they weighed 9.1 ± 0.9 g (x̄ ± SD) on or within 1 d of hatch. Chicks showed few short-term negative effects from blood sampling. Individual chicks suffered little physical injury, and five of eight chicks where injury occurred (i.e., hematomas formed) survived to fledging. Furthermore, bled broods gained mass at a comparable rate during the first 5 d post-hatch, and were resighted at similar frequencies as broods that were not bled. Bled broods moved slightly longer distances than control broods 1 d after hatch, however. This increased activity may have been stress-induced, but was only temporary; bled and control broods made similar long-term movements, and the probability of resighting was similar at fledging. With the proper precautions, it appears that Buff-breasted Sandpiper young can be safely sampled for blood at an early age without causing undue harm.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Lanctot, R.B., 1994, Blood sampling in juvenile buff-breasted sandpipers: Movement, weight change and survival: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 65, no. 4, p. 534-542.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"534","endPage":"542","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prudhoe Bay","volume":"65","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ba8ebfe4b0bcef64f0b949","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":31894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70182997,"text":"70182997 - 1994 - Geology of Seward Peninsula and Saint Lawrence Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:11:28","indexId":"70182997","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"4","title":"Geology of Seward Peninsula and Saint Lawrence Island","docAbstract":"Seward Peninsula (Fig. 1) may be divided into two geologic terranes (Fig. 2) on the basis of stratigraphy, structure, and metamorphic history. The Seward terrane, an area 150 by 150 km in the central and eastern peninsula, is dominated by Precambrian(?) and early Paleozoic blueschist-, greenschist-, and amphibolite-facies schist and marble, and intruded by three suites of granitic rocks. The York terrane, roughly 100 by 75 km, occupies western Seward Peninsula and the Bering Straits region; it is composed of Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Mississippian, and possibly older limestone, argillaceous limestone, dolostone, and phyllite, which are cut by a suite of Late Cretaceous tin-bearing granites. The boundary between the Seward and York terranes is poorly exposed but is thought to be a major thrust fault because of its sinuous map trace, a discontinuity in metamorphic grade, and differences in stratigraphy across the boundary (Travis Hudson, oral communication, 1984). The boundary between the Seward terrane and the Yukon-Koyukuk province to the east is complicated by vertical faults (the Kugruk fault Zone of Sainsbury, 1974) and obscured by Cretaceous and Tertiary cover.
The Seward Peninsula heretofore was thought to consist largely of rocks of Precambrian age (Sainsbury, 1972, 1974, 1975; Hudson, 1977), Microfossil data, however, indicate that many of the rocks considered to be Precambrian are early Paleozoic in age (Till and others, 1986; Dumoulin and Harris, 1984; Dumoulin and Till, 1985; Till and others, 1983; Wandervoort, 1985). It is likely that Precambrian rocks are a minor part of the stratigraphy of the Seward Peninsula.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The geology of Alaska: Volume G-1 of Decade of North American Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","usgsCitation":"Till, A.B., and Dumoulin, J.A., 1994, Geology of Seward Peninsula and Saint Lawrence Island, chap. 4 of The geology of Alaska: Volume G-1 of Decade of North American Geology, v. G-1, p. 141-152.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"152","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336410,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Saint Lawrence Island, Seward Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -161,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -169,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -169,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -161,\n 64\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -172.3974609375,\n 62.85514553774182\n ],\n [\n -168.134765625,\n 62.85514553774182\n ],\n [\n -168.134765625,\n 63.93737246791484\n ],\n [\n -172.3974609375,\n 63.93737246791484\n ],\n [\n -172.3974609375,\n 62.85514553774182\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"G-1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a44e4b01ccd54ff3fd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Till, Alison B. atill@usgs.gov","contributorId":2482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Till","given":"Alison","email":"atill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":674743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":674744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70135334,"text":"70135334 - 1994 - Geochemical changes in crude oil spilled from the Exxon Valdez supertanker into Prince William Sound, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-12T10:31:29","indexId":"70135334","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical changes in crude oil spilled from the Exxon Valdez supertanker into Prince William Sound, Alaska","docAbstract":"North Slope crude oil spilled from the T/V Exxon Valdez in March 1989 and contaminated about 500 km of Prince William Sound shoreline. Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in oil samples collected in August 1990 and June 1992 from beaches on six islands impacted by the spill have been compared with the hydrocarbons from North Slope crude oil taken from the stricken tanker. Degradation processes have changed the physical appearance of this residual spilled oil; the beached oil as collected ranged from a light brown color, to a heavy black viscous oil, to a black, powder-like residue. In these physically different samples, terpane, sterane, and aromatic sterane distributions, as well as carbon isotope values, are similar and correlate with the original Exxon Valdez oil. On the other hand, n-alkanes, isoprenoids, and many of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which are present in the original crude oil are dramatically altered in the oil samples collected from the beaches.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(94)90051-5","usgsCitation":"Hostettler, F.D., and Kvenvolden, K.A., 1994, Geochemical changes in crude oil spilled from the Exxon Valdez supertanker into Prince William Sound, Alaska: Organic Geochemistry, v. 21, no. 8-9, p. 927-936, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(94)90051-5.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"927","endPage":"936","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296636,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -146.304931640625,\n 61.01572481397616\n ],\n [\n -148.238525390625,\n 60.994423108456154\n ],\n [\n -148.271484375,\n 60.15244221438077\n ],\n [\n -145.8984375,\n 60.212533353918424\n ],\n [\n -146.304931640625,\n 61.01572481397616\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"8-9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548c1fd3e4b0ca8c43c3696b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostettler, Frances D. fdhostet@usgs.gov","contributorId":3383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostettler","given":"Frances","email":"fdhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":527051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kvenvolden, Keith A. kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","contributorId":3384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"Keith","email":"kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":527052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182171,"text":"70182171 - 1994 - The role of nutrient reserves for clutch formation by Northern Pintails in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-17T15:06:30","indexId":"70182171","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of nutrient reserves for clutch formation by Northern Pintails in Alaska","docAbstract":"We analyzed carcass composition of female Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) in Alaska to assess the importance of nutrient reserves for formation of first clutches (n = 85) and renests (n = 39). Habitat (tundra vs. boreal forest), hen age (yearling vs. adult), and year (1990 vs. 1991) did not affect nutrient reserve use. During formation of first clutches, Northern Pintail hens relied on lipid reserves more than any other duck species that has been studied. For much of the nesting season, lipid reserves were used to meet costs beyond those incurred by clutch formation. Date of initiation of rapid follicle growth was related to lipid reserve dynamics; lipid reserves at initiation and the rate of lipid use both declined through the season. Protein reserves declined slightly with commitment of protein to the clutch and with date of initiation of rapid follicle growth. Use of mineral reserves for first nests was negligible. Renesting females did not use nutrient reserves. Lipid reserve levels were positively related to the amount of lipid reserves needed to complete the clutch and clutch sizes predicted from a lipid dynamics model were consistent with known clutch sizes. Similar relationships did not exist for protein. We suggest that lipid reserve levels affect timing of nesting and proximately limit clutch size of Northern Pintails.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1369325","usgsCitation":"Esler, D., and Grand, J.B., 1994, The role of nutrient reserves for clutch formation by Northern Pintails in Alaska: The Condor, v. 96, no. 2, p. 422-432, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369325.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"422","endPage":"432","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge","volume":"96","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a819b8e4b025c46429afd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":669863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180858,"text":"70180858 - 1994 - Identification of tundra land cover near Teschekpuk Lake, Alaska using SPOT satellite data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T12:54:18","indexId":"70180858","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of tundra land cover near Teschekpuk Lake, Alaska using SPOT satellite data","docAbstract":"Tundra vegetation in the Teshekpuk Lake area of the Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain was mapped to assess distribution and abundance of waterfowl habitats. Three SPOT satellite scenes were acquired and registered to a 20 m Universal Transverse Mercator grid. Two clustering techniques were used to develop statistical parameters by which the SPOT data were spectrally classified. A maximum likelihood algorithm that correlated spectral classes with land cover types was applied to the SPOT data. Field data were used to assist in spectral class labeling and vegetation descriptions. Twelve cover classes were mapped. The most common type was moist sedge meadow tundra (13.5%); the least common was moss/peat shoreline (0.2%). The moss/peat shoreline type, important to moulting geese and other waterfowl, was spectrally identified using supervised clustering techniques. All other land cover types were identified using unsupervised clustering techniques. Cover classes were described, and a tundra landscape profile produced.
The source of the data reported here is a compilation of radiometric ages maintained in conjunction with the Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment Program (AMRAP) studies for Alaska. The symbol shape plotted at each location is coded for rock type, whether igneous, metamorphic, or other; the color of the symbol shows the geologic era or period for the Sample(s) at each locale. A list of references for each quadrangle is given to enable the user to find specific information including analytical data for each sample dated within a particular quadrangle. At the scale of this map, the very large number of Samples and the clustering of the samples in limited areas prevented the showing of individual sample numbers on the map.
Synthesis and interpretation of any data set requires the user to evaluate the reliability or value of each component of the data set with respect to his or her intended use of the data. For geochronological data, this evaluation must be based on both analytical and geological criteria. Most age determinations are published with calculated estimates of analytical precision, Replicate analyses are infrequently performed; therefore, reported analytical precision is based on estimates of the precision of various components of the analysis and often on an intuitive factor to cover components that may have not been considered. Analytical accuracy is somewhat more difficult to determine; it is not only dependent on the actual measurement, it is also concerned with uncertainties in decay and abundance constants, uncertainties in the isotopic composition and size of the tracer for conventional K-Ar ages, and uncertainties in the Original isotopic composition of the sample, Geologic accuracy of a date is Variable; the interpretation of the meaning of an age determination, is important in the evaluation of its geologic accuracy. Potassium-argon, rubidium-strontium, and uranium-lead age determinations on a single sample can differ widely yet none or all may be wrong Given that the basic Conditions of each dating method were met, each method determines an age based on the equilibration of its particular isotopic system, yet these are different systems and they react to heat, pressure, and recrystallization in different ways.
This map is a compilation and not a synthesis or interpretation. Its purpose is to help the user determine the dating coverage of areas of Alaska and gain access to the available data for the state or a project area. Interpretation of that data and evaluation of its suitability for use with any particular project is left to the user. Compilations, with sample data, have been published for much of the state; and are as follows: Wilson, and others (1979), southeastern Alaska; Wilson (1981), Aleutian Islands and Alaska Peninsula, Shew and Wilson (1981), southwestern Alaska; Wilson and others (1985), Yukon Crystalline terrane; Grybeck and others (1977), northern Alaska; Dadisman (1980), south-central Alaska.
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\":{\"name\":\"Alaska\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"G-1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a44e4b01ccd54ff3fd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":674341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shew, Nora B. 0000-0003-0025-7220 nshew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0025-7220","contributorId":3382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shew","given":"Nora","email":"nshew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":674342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DuBois, G.D.","contributorId":77596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuBois","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":674343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70182170,"text":"70182170 - 1994 - Age, habitat and tide effects on feeding activity of Emperor Geese during Autumn migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-17T15:02:51","indexId":"70182170","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age, habitat and tide effects on feeding activity of Emperor Geese during Autumn migration","docAbstract":"I studied feeding activity of Emperor Geese (Chen canagica) on the Alaska Peninsula during autumn migration, 1991. Scan samples were used to estimate the proportion of birds feeding in flocks as a measure of feeding intensity. Most geese fed during low tides and roosted during high tides. However, flocks with disproportionately more juveniles continued to feed during high tides in either blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) beds (during relatively low high tides) or in vegetated habitats. Feeding intensity was higher in mussel habitats than in mud/sand or vegetated habitats, and juveniles fed more than adults. Juvenile geese probably have greater nutritional needs than adults, and feeding during high tide may represent their attempt to satisfy these disproportionate demands. Vegetated habitats may be used when high value bivalve prey are unavailable due to tidal inundation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1369062","usgsCitation":"Schmutz, J.A., 1994, Age, habitat and tide effects on feeding activity of Emperor Geese during Autumn migration: The Condor, v. 96, no. 1, p. 46-51, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369062.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"51","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335821,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula","volume":"96","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a819b9e4b025c46429afd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70184361,"text":"70184361 - 1994 - Experimental recovery of sea otter carcasses at Kodiak Island, Alaska, following the Exxon Valdez oil spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T14:56:19","indexId":"70184361","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental recovery of sea otter carcasses at Kodiak Island, Alaska, following the Exxon Valdez oil spill","docAbstract":"ound, Alaska, spilling approximately 11 million barrels of crude oil. Oil was
deposited on beaches nearly 700 km from the spill site (Galt and Payton 1990,
Piatt et al. 1990), affecting thousands of hectares of sea otter
(Enhydra lutris)
habitat. Two of the principal limitations in determining the initial effects of the
Exxon Valdez oil spill on sea otter populations were a lack of recent population
data, and a lack of information on the proportion of the total number of sea
otters killed by the spill that were actually recovered.
ound, Alaska, spilling approximately 11 million barrels of crude oil. Oil was
deposited on beaches nearly 700 km from the spill site (Galt and Payton 1990,
Piatt et al. 1990), affecting thousands of hectares of sea otter
(Enhydra lutris)
habitat. Two of the principal limitations in determining the initial effects of the
Exxon Valdez oil spill on sea otter populations were a lack of recent population
data, and a lack of information on the proportion of the total number of sea
otters killed by the spill that were actually recovered.
On 24 March 1989, the T/V Exxon Valdez ran aground in Prince William Sound, Alaska, spilling approximately 11 million barrels of crude oil. Oil was deposited on beaches nearly 700 km from the spill site (Galt and Payton 1990, Piatt et al. 1990), affecting thousands of hectares of sea otter (Enhydra lutris) habitat. Two of the principal limitations in determining the initial effects of the Exxon Valdez oil spill on sea otter populations were a lack of recent population data, and a lack of information on the proportion of the total number of sea otters killed by the spill that were actually recovered.
In late April and early May oil spread to the Kodiak Archipelago. With the oil came wildlife rescue, beach cleanup, and other spill-response activities including searches for dead birds and mammals. We took this opportunity to assess experimentally the recovery of sea otter carcasses in the Kodiak Island area. Specifically, we were interested in the proportion of the total number of dead sea otters the recovered carcasses represented.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.1994.tb00509.x","usgsCitation":"DeGange, A.R., Doroff, A.M., and Monson, D., 1994, Experimental recovery of sea otter carcasses at Kodiak Island, Alaska, following the Exxon Valdez oil spill: Marine Mammal Science, v. 10, no. 4, p. 492-496, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1994.tb00509.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"492","endPage":"496","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337009,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kodiak Archipelago, Prince William Sound","volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c12663e4b014cc3a3d352d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeGange, Anthony R. tdegange@usgs.gov","contributorId":139765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGange","given":"Anthony","email":"tdegange@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":681164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doroff, Angela M.","contributorId":140660,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doroff","given":"Angela","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":681166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185396,"text":"70185396 - 1994 - Response of staging brant to disturbance at Izembek Lagoon, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-23T10:08:53","indexId":"70185396","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of staging brant to disturbance at Izembek Lagoon, Alaska","docAbstract":"Human disturbance of migrating waterfowl concerns managers of wildlife populations and refuges. Human disturbance may reduce food intake through interruption of foraging bouts or by displacement from feeding areas (Madsen 1985, Belanger and Bedard 1989), and it may increase energy expenditure from additional time in flight (Korschgen et al., 1985). Reduced food intake and increased energy expenditure can affect the ability of waterfowl to acquire nutrient reserves for successful migration (Fredrickson and Drobney 1979, Davis and Wiseley 1974, Belanger and Bedard 1990). Furthermore, nutrient reserves acquired during fall migration may influence overwinter survival (Haramis et al. 1986).
Over 90% of the Pacific Flyway population of brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) annually migrates to the Izembek Lagoon, Alaska and adjacent areas in fall (Bellrose 1976, Reed et al. 1989). During the 4- to 10-week staging period, brant feed predominantly on energy-rich common eelgrass (Zostera marina) prior to a transoceanic flight to coastal wintering areas in Washington, Oregon, California, and Mexico (Hansen and Nelson 1957, Morehouse 1974, Bellrose 1976). The lzembek Lagoon, a wetland of international importance (Smart 1987), also is a major staging area for Canada geese (Branta canadensis taverneri), emperor geese (Chen canagica), and other waterbirds (Ward and Stehn 1989).
Brant are disturbed by aircraft and other human activities. Jones and Jones (1966) noted that aircraft caused brant to take flight in fall at the Izembek Lagoon. Aircraft influence movements of molting brant and evoke escape responses (Derksen et al. 1979, Jensen 1990). Aircraft, boats, and hunters affect distribution of wintering brant and cause premature departures from feeding areas (Owens 1977, Kramer et al 1979, Henry 1980). However, few data have been published concerning the extent to which disturbance affects behavior of fall-staging brant.
Our objective was to measure current disturbance levels and to determine the extent to which disturbance affects the behavior of brant at the Izembek Lagoon during fall. This baseline information is needed to monitor any future changes in these levels and to provide guidelines for alleviating conflicts where increased human activities cause excessive disturbance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Ward, D.H., Stehn, R.A., and Derksen, D.V., 1994, Response of staging brant to disturbance at Izembek Lagoon, Alaska: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 22, no. 2, p. 220-228.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"220","endPage":"228","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337964,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildlife.org/publications/","text":"Publisher's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Izembek Lagoon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163.289794921875,\n 55.05792216193925\n ],\n [\n -162.4163818359375,\n 55.05792216193925\n ],\n [\n -162.4163818359375,\n 55.51930211717438\n ],\n [\n -163.289794921875,\n 55.51930211717438\n ],\n [\n -163.289794921875,\n 55.05792216193925\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b9ae4b0236b68f8299e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stehn, Robert A.","contributorId":83986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehn","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Derksen, Dirk V. dderksen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"Dirk","email":"dderksen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70182641,"text":"70182641 - 1994 - Use of boreal forested wetlands by Pacific loons (Gavia pacifica Lawrence) and horned grebes (Podiceps auritus L.): Relations with limnological characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T13:54:06","indexId":"70182641","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5305,"text":"Developments in Hydrobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Use of boreal forested wetlands by Pacific loons (Gavia pacifica Lawrence) and horned grebes (Podiceps auritus L.): Relations with limnological characteristics","docAbstract":"Our objective was to determine if the occurrence and abundance of Pacific loons (Gavia pacifica Lawrence) and horned grebes (Podiceps auritus L.) on 123 wetlands of Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge in east central Alaska were related to the limnological characteristics of those wetlands. Aquatic bird-wetland use surveys were conducted in conjunction with limnological sampling from May through September 1985–87 and May through August 1989. Results from logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between the probability of wetland use by Pacific loons and shoreline length, water color, calcium and total phosphorus. Wetland use by horned grebes was related to shoreline length, pH, and chlorophyll. Aquatic bird abundance was then used as a Poisson response variable and modeled as a function of wetland limnological characteristics. Our results indicate that Pacific loon abundance was adequately modeled by linear and quadratic functions of shoreline length, color, pH, calcium and total phosphorus. Horned grebe abundance could not be modeled with this approach. The statistical techniques known collectively as generalized linear models provided a framework for the development of models for aquatic bird use of wetlands. Our results, however, indicate that while this approach shows promise, a better understanding of how to model aquatic bird abundance is needed. We then identify problems in model development and suggest avenues for future research.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Developments in Hydrobiology: Aquatic birds in the trophic web of lakes: Proceedings of a symposium held in Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada, in August 1991","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"conferenceDate":"August 1991","conferenceLocation":"Sackville, NB","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-94-011-1128-7_17","isbn":"978-94-010-4493-6","usgsCitation":"Heglund, P., Jones, J., Fredrickson, L., and Kaiser, M., 1994, Use of boreal forested wetlands by Pacific loons (Gavia pacifica Lawrence) and horned grebes (Podiceps auritus L.): Relations with limnological characteristics, chap. of Developments in Hydrobiology: Aquatic birds in the trophic web of lakes: Proceedings of a symposium held in Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada, in August 1991: Developments in Hydrobiology, p. 171-183, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1128-7_17.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"183","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336235,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150,\n 65.75\n ],\n [\n -142.5,\n 65.75\n ],\n [\n -142.5,\n 67.5\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 67.5\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 65.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b15445e4b01ccd54fc5ee7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heglund, P.J.","contributorId":44505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heglund","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":672552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, J.R.","contributorId":15967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":672553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fredrickson, L.H.","contributorId":91042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredrickson","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":672554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaiser, M.S.","contributorId":37836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":672555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185393,"text":"70185393 - 1994 - Comparison of age determination techniques for female northern pintails and American wigeon in spring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-23T09:54:09","indexId":"70185393","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of age determination techniques for female northern pintails and American wigeon in spring","docAbstract":"Accurate age-class determination of waterfowl is necessary for studies addressing age-specific effects (e.g., Serie et al., 1992) and age structure of populations (e.g., Raveling and Heitmeyer 1989). Duck ages can be determined in fall by morphological and color characteristics of tertial and tail feathers (Carney 1992); however, these feathers are replaced during fall and winter, thus their characteristics cannot be used in spring (Dane 1968). Other methods used to determine waterfowl age include the presence or absence of the bursa of Fabricius (hereafter bursa; Gower 1939, Hochbaum 1942, Hanson 1949) and characteristics of primary and secondary wing feathers and their coverts (e.g., Wishart 1981, Duncan 1985).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Esler, D., and Grand, J.B., 1994, Comparison of age determination techniques for female northern pintails and American wigeon in spring: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 22, no. 2, p. 260-264.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"260","endPage":"264","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337960,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337959,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildlife.org/publications/","text":"Publisher's Website"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b9ae4b0236b68f829a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180861,"text":"70180861 - 1994 - Succession on regraded placer mine spoil in Alaska, USA, in relation to initial site characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T16:22:01","indexId":"70180861","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":898,"text":"Arctic and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Succession on regraded placer mine spoil in Alaska, USA, in relation to initial site characteristics","docAbstract":"This study evaluated the rate and pattern of natural succession on regraded placer mine spoil in relation to initial substrate characteristics. The study site was the Glen Creek watershed of the Kantishna mining area of Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska. After regrading, twelve 0.01-ha plots were established and substrate characteristics were measured. Natural plant succession was evaluated after five growing seasons. Three successional patterns were identified on the basis of plant community characteristics using cluster analysis, and were related to substrate characteristics. First, a riparian plant community with vigorous Salix alaxensis and Alnus crispa grew rapidly on topsoil that had been spread over the regraded spoil. Second, a similar plant community with less vigorous S. alaxensis developed more slowly on unprocessed spoil and spoil amended with a small amount of topsoil. Third, processed spoil remained almost bare of vegetation, although S. alaxensis was able to establish and persist in a stunted growth form. In contrast, Alnus crispa had difficulty establishing on processed spoil, but the few established seedlings grew well. Several substrate variables, including the proportion of silt and clay vs. sand, total nitrogen, and water retention capacity, were good predictors of the rate and pattern of succession. Total nitrogen was the best single predictor for the number of vigorous S. alaxensis.
","language":"English","publisher":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.2307/1551797","usgsCitation":"Densmore, R., 1994, Succession on regraded placer mine spoil in Alaska, USA, in relation to initial site characteristics: Arctic and Alpine Research, v. 26, no. 4, p. 354-363, https://doi.org/10.2307/1551797.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"354","endPage":"363","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334790,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali National Park, Glen Creek watershed, Kantishna mining area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150.7866668701172,\n 63.51779683618753\n ],\n [\n -150.7866668701172,\n 63.58\n ],\n [\n -150.6778335571289,\n 63.58\n ],\n [\n -150.6778335571289,\n 63.51779683618753\n ],\n [\n -150.7866668701172,\n 63.51779683618753\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"4","publicComments":"The name of this journal has changed. At the time this article was published, the title was \"Arctic and Alpine Research.\" It has since changed to \"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research.\"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589847aae4b0efcedb7072e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Densmore, R.V.","contributorId":72953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185347,"text":"70185347 - 1994 - The adaptive significance of hatching synchrony of waterfowl eggs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-20T16:40:37","indexId":"70185347","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The adaptive significance of hatching synchrony of waterfowl eggs","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2393","usgsCitation":"Madden-McGuire, D., and Winkler, G.R., 1994, Mineral resource potential maps of the Anchorage 1° x 3° quadrangle, southern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2393, ii, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2393.","productDescription":"ii, 30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":107409,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10265.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10265"},{"id":91492,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2393/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":190328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2393/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Anchorage 1° x 3° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 61\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3e80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madden-McGuire, D. J.","contributorId":107262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madden-McGuire","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":273532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winkler, G. R.","contributorId":17964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkler","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":273531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017664,"text":"70017664 - 1994 - The 1989-1990 eruptions of Redoubt Volcano: an introduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-15T13:45:44","indexId":"70017664","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1989-1990 eruptions of Redoubt Volcano: an introduction","docAbstract":"Redoubt Volcano, located on the west side of Cook Inlet in south-central Alaska, erupted explosively on over 20 separate occasions between December 14, 1989 and April 21, 1990. Fourteen lava domes were emplaced in the summit area, thirteen of which were subsequently destroyed. The eruption caused economic losses estimated at over $160,000,000 making this the second most costly eruption in U.S. history. This economic impact provided the impetus for a integrated comprehensive account of an erupting volcano using both modern and classical research and modern techniques which in turn led to advances in eruption monitoring and interpretation. Research on such topics as dome formation and collapse and the resulting pyroclastic flows, elutriated ash, lightning, tephra, and flooding was blended with the rapid communication of associated hazards to a large user group. The seismology successes in predicting and monitoring eruption dynamics were due in part to (1) the recognition of long-period seismic events as indicators of the readiness of the volcano to erupt, and (2) to the development of new tools that allowed the seismicity to be assessed instantaneously. Integrated studies of the petrology of erupted products and volatile content over time gave clues as to the progress of the eruption towards completion.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-0273(94)90025-6","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Miller, T.P., and Chouet, B., 1994, The 1989-1990 eruptions of Redoubt Volcano: an introduction: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 62, no. 1-4, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(94)90025-6.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook inlet, Redoubt Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -149,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -149,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -154,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -154,\n 59\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"62","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba62fe4b08c986b320f4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, T. P.","contributorId":49345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B. A.","contributorId":31813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180711,"text":"70180711 - 1994 - Phenotypic divergence of secondary sexual traits among sage grouse, Centrocercus urophasianus, populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T21:23:32","indexId":"70180711","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":770,"text":"Animal Behaviour","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phenotypic divergence of secondary sexual traits among sage grouse, Centrocercus urophasianus, populations","docAbstract":"Sage grouse, Centrocercus urophasianus, in an isolated montane basin near Gunnison, Colorado differ in several morphological and behavioural traits from conspecifics studied in other areas of the species' range. Both sexes in Gunnison are smaller than sage grouse elsewhere, and males possess differences in feather morphology as well. The mating behaviour of male sage grouse in three populations was examined to determine whether male strut displays of Gunnison sage grouse were behaviourally distinct. Behavioural analyses revealed Gunnison males perform strut displays at a slower rate than males in the two other sage grouse populations sampled. In addition, Gunnison males' strut displays contain unique visual and acoustical aspects. The most distinguishing attributes of Gunnison sage grouse were male secondary sexual characteristics including traits that correlate with mating success in other populations. Thus, phenotypic differences observed in the Gunnison population represent a divergence in expression of traits that are likely to be influenced by sexual selection. Recent models of speciation suggest that species characterized by intense sexual selection, such as those with lek mating systems, have the potential for rapid inter-populational divergence in male traits and female preferences leading to speciation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/anbe.1994.1183","usgsCitation":"Young, J., Hupp, J.W., Bradbury, J.W., and Braun, C.E., 1994, Phenotypic divergence of secondary sexual traits among sage grouse, Centrocercus urophasianus, populations: Animal Behaviour, v. 37, no. 6, p. 1353-1362, https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1994.1183.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1353","endPage":"1362","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334506,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Gunnison","volume":"37","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0b9e4b072a7ac12993e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Jessica R.","contributorId":50837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Jessica R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradbury, Jack W.","contributorId":179016,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bradbury","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Braun, Clait E.","contributorId":59368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"Clait","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017660,"text":"70017660 - 1994 - Character, mass, distribution, and origin of tephra-fall deposits of the 1989-1990 eruption of redoubt volcano, south-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:53","indexId":"70017660","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Character, mass, distribution, and origin of tephra-fall deposits of the 1989-1990 eruption of redoubt volcano, south-central Alaska","docAbstract":"The 1989-1990 eruption of Redoubt Volcano spawned about 20 areally significant tephra-fall deposits between December 14, 1989 and April 26, 1990. Tephra plumes rose to altitudes of 7 to more than 10 km and were carried mainly northward and eastward by prevailing winds, where they substantially impacted air travel, commerce, and other activities. In comparison to notable eruptions of the recent past, the Redoubt events produced a modest amount of tephra-fall deposits - 6 ?? 107 to 5 ?? 1010 kg for individual events and a total volume (dense-rock equivalent) of about 3-5 ?? 107 m3 of andesite and dacite. Two contrasting tephra types were generated by these events. Pumiceous tephra-fall deposits of December 14 and 15 were followed on December 16 and all later events by fine-grained lithic-crystal tephra deposits, much of which fell as particle aggregates. The change in the character of the tephra-fall deposits reflects their fundamentally different modes of origin. The pumiceous deposits were produced by magmatically driven explosions. The finegrained lithic-crystal deposits were generated by two processes. Hydrovolcanic vent explosions generated tephrafall deposits of December 16 and 19. Such explosions continued as a tephra source, but apparently with diminishing importance, during events of January and February. Ash clouds of lithic pyroclastic flows generated by collapse of actively growing lava domes probably contributed to tephra-fall deposits of all events from January 2 to April 26, and were the sole source of tephra fall for at least the last 4 deposits. ?? 1994.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Scott, W.E., and McGimsey, R.G., 1994, Character, mass, distribution, and origin of tephra-fall deposits of the 1989-1990 eruption of redoubt volcano, south-central Alaska: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 62, no. 1-4, p. 251-272.","startPage":"251","endPage":"272","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f489e4b0c8380cd4bd8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, W. E.","contributorId":22773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGimsey, R. G.","contributorId":93921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017659,"text":"70017659 - 1994 - Hydrologic hazards in the lower Drift River basin associated with the 1989-1990 eruptions of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:53","indexId":"70017659","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic hazards in the lower Drift River basin associated with the 1989-1990 eruptions of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"The eruptions of Redoubt Volcano between December 14, 1989 and April 26, 1990 triggered flows of snow, ice, water, sediment, and debris that traveled down the Drift River as far as its mouth, about 40 km downstream. A major explosive eruption and dome collapse on January 2, 1990 produced the largest flow. The peak discharge of this flow at a location 22 km downstream from the volcano was estimated to be between 12,000 and 60,000 m3 per second. The estimated peak discharge of this event is more than 100 times larger than the 100-year meteorologically generated flood estimated for the Drift River. Pyroclastic flows and hot meltwater scoured the surface of Drift Glacier on the north flank of the volcano and were transformed into multipulsed, multiphased debris flows. Several other significant flows were generated by eruptions during this period: the two largest of these occurred on December 15, 1989 and February 15, 1990. Subsequent channel changes threatened the Drift River Oil Terminal built on an alluvial fan near the mouth of the Drift River. ?? 1994.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Dorava, J., and Meyer, D.F., 1994, Hydrologic hazards in the lower Drift River basin associated with the 1989-1990 eruptions of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 62, no. 1-4, p. 387-407.","startPage":"387","endPage":"407","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3635e4b0c8380cd6050f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorava, J.M.","contributorId":68756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorava","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, D. F.","contributorId":21167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017658,"text":"70017658 - 1994 - An experiment to detect and locate lightning associated with eruptions of Redoubt Volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-05T14:37:17","indexId":"70017658","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An experiment to detect and locate lightning associated with eruptions of Redoubt Volcano","docAbstract":"A commercially-available lightning-detection system was temporarily deployed near Cook Inlet, Alaska in an attempt to remotely monitor volcanogenic lightning associated with eruptions of Redoubt Volcano. The system became operational on February 14, 1990; lightning was detected in 11 and located in 9 of the 13 subsequent eruptions. The lightning was generated by ash clouds rising from pyroclastic density currents produced by collapse of a lava dome emplaced near Redoubt's summit. Lightning discharge (flash) location was controlled by topography, which channeled the density currents, and by wind direction. In individual eruptions, early flashes tended to have a negative polarity (negative charge is lowered to ground) while late flashes tended to have a positive polarity (positive charge is lowered to ground), perhaps because the charge-separation process caused coarse, rapid-settling particles to be negatively charged and fine, slow-settling particles to be positively charged. Results indicate that lightning detection and location is a useful adjunct to seismic volcano monitoring, particularly when poor weather or darkness prevents visual observation. The simultaneity of seismicity and lightning near a volcano provides the virtual certainty that an ash cloud is present. This information is crucial for aircraft safety and to warn threatened communities of impending tephra falls. The Alaska Volcano Observatory has now deployed a permanent lightning-detection network around Cook Inlet.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-0273(94)90049-3","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Hoblitt, R., 1994, An experiment to detect and locate lightning associated with eruptions of Redoubt Volcano: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 62, no. 1-4, p. 499-517, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(94)90049-3.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"517","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea62e4b0c8380cd4881b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoblitt, R.","contributorId":89536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186635,"text":"70186635 - 1994 - Geology of northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T12:48:13","indexId":"70186635","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"3","title":"Geology of northern Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The geology of Alaska","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","isbn":"0813752191","usgsCitation":"Moore, T.E., Wallace, W.K., Bird, K.J., Karl, S.M., Mull, C.G., and Dillon, J.T., 1994, Geology of northern Alaska, chap. 3 of The geology of Alaska, p. 49-140.","productDescription":"92 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"140","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339328,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339327,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://rock.geosociety.org/Store/detail.aspx?id=DNAGGNAG1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e75407e4b09da6799c0c88","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Plafker, George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690111,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berg, Henry C.","contributorId":73176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berg","given":"Henry C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690112,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457 tmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":1033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas","email":"tmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":690113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wallace, Wes K.","contributorId":106397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Wes","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bird, Kenneth J. kbird@usgs.gov","contributorId":1015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Karl, Susan M. 0000-0003-1559-7826 skarl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-7826","contributorId":502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Susan","email":"skarl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mull, Charles G.","contributorId":49343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mull","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dillon, John T.","contributorId":20605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70187694,"text":"70187694 - 1994 - Management of Pacific brant: Population structure and conservation issues","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-15T09:45:36","indexId":"70187694","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5322,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","printIssn":"0078-1355","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"title":"Management of Pacific brant: Population structure and conservation issues","docAbstract":"Pacific brant (Branta bernicla) nest from the Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-) Delta in southwestern Alaska along the coast of North America to the central Canadian arctic (Pacific Flyway Subcommittee on Pacific Brant 1992) (Figure 1). Birds from this population also nest in the Canadian arctic islands south of Prince Patrick Island and on the coast of the Chukotka Peninsula. Brant nest principally in colonies associated with productive river deltas but isolated nests and small aggregations are common, especially in the arctic. Most Pacific brant breed on the Y-K Delta (Sediger et al. 1993).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the fifty-ninth North American wildlife and natural resources conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Fifty-ninth North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","conferenceDate":"March 18-23, 1993","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Management Institute","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","issn":"0078-1355","usgsCitation":"Sedinger, J.S., Ward, D.H., Anthony, R.M., Derksen, D.V., Lensink, C.J., Bollinger, K.S., and Dawe, N.K., 1994, Management of Pacific brant: Population structure and conservation issues, in Transactions of the fifty-ninth North American wildlife and natural resources conference, v. 59, Anchorage, AK, March 18-23, 1993, p. 50-62.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"62","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341299,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591abe3ae4b0a7fdb43c8c0b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McCabe, Richard E.","contributorId":76489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCabe","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695119,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wadsworth, Kelly G.","contributorId":42936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wadsworth","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695120,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anthony, R. Michael","contributorId":16057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Derksen, Dirk V. dderksen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"Dirk","email":"dderksen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lensink, Calvin J.","contributorId":99612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lensink","given":"Calvin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":33810,"text":"National Wildlife Refuge Association","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bollinger, Karen S.","contributorId":33842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bollinger","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dawe, Neil K.","contributorId":187557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawe","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70187692,"text":"70187692 - 1994 - The status of sea ducks in the North Pacific Rim: Toward their conservation and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T10:59:31","indexId":"70187692","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5322,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","printIssn":"0078-1355","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"title":"The status of sea ducks in the North Pacific Rim: Toward their conservation and management","docAbstract":"Sea ducks (tribe Mergini after Johnsgard 1960) are the most northerly distributed ducks, and species diversity is greatest in the North Pacific. They exploit a diversity of inshore and offshore marine habitats during the non-breeding season, and their use of habitat during breeding varies from coastal through freshwater wetlands of the tundra and taiga (Figure 1, Appendix 1). Non-breeding cohorts frequent marine habitats most of the year. Sea ducks thus are important indicators of the quality of freshwater and marine ecosystems of northern biomes.
Of the 17 species discussed in this manuscript, at least 3 are reported to be declining (Appendix 2). However, the basis for many of those assessments is equivocal because there has been little effort to monitor populations. The efforts to more precisely assess their status point to catastrophic declines (Kertell 1991, Stehn et a 1993). Conservation problems related to sea ducks have a long history throughout the Holarctic. For example, the Labrador duck (Camptorhynchus labradorius) became extinct in 1875. (Phillips 1925); common eiders (Somateria mollissima) declined seriously throughout the northern hemisphere (Townsend 1914, Phillips 1925, Doughty 1979); harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) experienced declines in Iceland and Greenland (Gudmundsson1971, Salomonson 1950), and more recently have been designated endangered in eastern Canada (Committee On the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada 1990). In Russia, all species of eider and harlequin ducks have been closed to sport hunting since 1981, and the Chinese mergansers (Mergus squamatus) presently are extremely rare and fully protected, i.e. category one of the red book (Solomonov 1987).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the fifty-ninth North American wildlife and natural resources conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Fifty-ninth North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","conferenceDate":"March 18-23, 1993","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Management Institute","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","issn":"0078-1355","usgsCitation":"Goudie, R.I., Brault, S., Conant, B., Kondratyev, A.V., Petersen, M.R., and Vermeer, K., 1994, The status of sea ducks in the North Pacific Rim: Toward their conservation and management, in Transactions of the fifty-ninth North American wildlife and natural resources conference, v. 59, Anchorage, AK, March 18-23, 1993, p. 27-49.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"49","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341295,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North Pacific","volume":"59","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591abe3be4b0a7fdb43c8c0d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McCabe, Richard E.","contributorId":76489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCabe","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695095,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wadsworth, Kelly G.","contributorId":42936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wadsworth","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695096,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Goudie, R. Ian","contributorId":181609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goudie","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brault, Solange","contributorId":29633,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brault","given":"Solange","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conant, Bruce","contributorId":37596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conant","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kondratyev, Alexander V.","contributorId":60160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kondratyev","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vermeer, Kees","contributorId":103524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vermeer","given":"Kees","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}