{"pageNumber":"2441","pageRowStart":"61000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185071,"records":[{"id":76687,"text":"sir20065036 - 2006 - An evaluation and review of water-use estimates and flow data for the Lower Klamath and Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuges, Oregon and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:20","indexId":"sir20065036","displayToPublicDate":"2006-05-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5036","title":"An evaluation and review of water-use estimates and flow data for the Lower Klamath and Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuges, Oregon and California","docAbstract":"The Lower Klamath and Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuges, located in the upper Klamath Basin of Oregon and California, encompass approximately 46,700 and 39,100 acres, respectively. Demand for water in the semiarid upper Klamath Basin has increased in recent years, resulting in the need to better quantify water availability and use in the refuges. This report presents an evaluation of water-use estimates for both refuges derived on the basis of two approaches. One approach used evaporation and evapotranspiration estimates and the other used measured inflow and outflow data. The quality of the inflow and outflow data also was assessed.\r\n\r\nAnnual water use in the refuges, using evapotranspiration estimates, was computed with the use of different rates for each of four land-use categories. Annual water-use rates for grain fields, seasonal wetlands, permanently flooded wetlands with emergent vegetation, and open-water bodies were 2.5, 2.9, 2.63, and 4.07 feet per year, respectively. Total water use was estimated as the sum of the products of each rate and the number of acres in its associated land-use category. Mean annual (2003-2005) water use for the Lower Klamath and Tule Lake refuges was approximately 124,000 and 95,900 acre-feet, respectively. To estimate water deliveries needed for each refuge, first, annual precipitation for 2003-2005 was subtracted from the annual water use for those years. Then, an adjusted total was obtained by adding 20 percent to the difference to account for salinity flushing. Resulting estimated mean annual adjusted needed water deliveries in 2003-2005 for the Lower Klamath and Tule Lake refuges were 107,000 and 82,800 acre-feet, respectively.\r\n\r\nMean annual net inflow to the refuges for 2003-2005 was computed by subtracting estimated and measured surface-water outflows from inflows. Mean annual net inflow during the 3-year period for the Lower Klamath refuge, calculated for a subsection of the refuge, was approximately 73,700 acre-feet. The adjusted needed water delivery for this section of the refuge, calculated from evapotranspiration estimates, was approximately 77,600 acre-feet. For the Tule Lake refuge, mean annual net inflow during the 3-year period was approximately 76,100 acre-feet, which is comparable to the estimated annual needed water delivery for the refuge of 82,800 acre-feet.\r\n\r\nFor 1962-2005, mean annual net inflow to the Lower Klamath refuge was approximately 49,800 acre-feet, about 23,900 acre-feet less than for 2003-2005. Although mean April-September net inflows for 1962-2005 and 2003-2005 have remained fairly constant, annual net inflow has increased for October-March, which accounts for the difference. Consistently higher autumn and winter flow deliveries since the mid-1980s reflect a significant change in refuge management. More sections of the refuge are currently managed as seasonal wetlands than were in the 1960s and 1970s.\r\n\r\nFlow records for the Ady Canal at State Line Road, Klamath Straits Drain at State Line Road, and D Pumping Plant were evaluated for their data quality. On the basis of USGS flow-record criteria, all three flow records were rated as 'poor.' By definition, 95 percent of the daily flows in a record having this rating could be in error by more than 15 percent. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065036","usgsCitation":"Risley, J.C., and Gannett, M.W., 2006, An evaluation and review of water-use estimates and flow data for the Lower Klamath and Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuges, Oregon and California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5036, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065036.","productDescription":"28 p.","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7734,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5036/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af10c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gannett, Marshall W. 0000-0003-2498-2427 mgannett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2498-2427","contributorId":2942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannett","given":"Marshall","email":"mgannett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":76681,"text":"ofr20061053 - 2006 - Characterization of organic matter in lake sediments from Minnesota and Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:11","indexId":"ofr20061053","displayToPublicDate":"2006-05-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1053","title":"Characterization of organic matter in lake sediments from Minnesota and Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"Samples of sediment from lakes in Minnesota and Yellowstone National Park (YNP) were analyzed for organic carbon (OC), hydrogen richness by Rock-Eval pyrolysis, and stable carbon- and nitrogen-isotope composition of bulk organic matter. Values of delta 13C of lake plankton tend to be around -28 to -32 parts per thousand (0/00). Organic matter with values of delta 13C in the high negative 20s overlap with those of organic matter derived from C3 higher terrestrial plants but are at least 10 0/00 more depleted in 13C than organic matter derived from C4 terrestrial plants. If the organic matter is produced mainly by photosynthetic plankton and is not oxidized in the water column, there may be a negative correlation between H-richness (Rock-Eval pyrolysis H-index) and delta 13C, with more H-rich, algal organic matter having lower values of delta 13C. However, if aquatic organic matter is oxidized in the water column, or if the organic matter is a mixture of terrestrial and aquatic organic matter, then there may be no correlation between H-richness and carbon-isotopic composition. Values of delta 13C lower than about -28 0/00 probably indicate a contribution of bacterial biomass produced in the hypolimnion by chemoautotrophy or methanotrophy. In highly eutrophic lakes in which large amounts of 13C-depleted organic matter is continually removed from the epilimnion by photosynthesis throughout the growing season, the entire carbon reservoir in the epilimnion may become severely 13C-enriched so that 13C-enriched photosynthetic organic matter may overprint 13C-depleted chemosynthetic bacterial organic matter produced in the hypolimnon.\r\n\r\nMost processes involved with the nitrogen cycle in lakes, such as production of ammonia and nitrate, tend to produce 15N-enriched values of delta 15N. Most Minnesota lake sediments are 15N-enriched. However, some of the more OC-rich sediments have delta 15N values close to zero (delta 15N of air), suggesting that organic matter production is by nitrogen fixation, which further implies that nitrogen is limiting. Most lakes from YNP also have values of delta 15N near zero.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061053","usgsCitation":"Dean, W.E., 2006, Characterization of organic matter in lake sediments from Minnesota and Yellowstone National Park (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1053, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061053.","productDescription":"44 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7729,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1053/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a8e4b07f02db5c2fd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":76682,"text":"ofr20061052 - 2006 - Landslides triggered by the October 8, 2005, Pakistan earthquake and associated landslide-dammed reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:11","indexId":"ofr20061052","displayToPublicDate":"2006-05-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1052","title":"Landslides triggered by the October 8, 2005, Pakistan earthquake and associated landslide-dammed reservoirs","docAbstract":"The October 8, 2005, Kashmir earthquake (M 7.6) triggered several thousand landslides, mainly rock falls and rock slides, in the epicentral area near the cities of Muzafarrabad and Balakot, Pakistan. Most of these were shallow, coalescing rock slides emanating from highly sheared and deformed limestone and dolomite of the Precambrian Muzafarrabad Formation. The largest landslide triggered by the earthquake is located approximately 32 kilometers southeast of Muzafarrabad in a tributary valley of the Jhelum River. This landslide is a debris avalanche of approximately 80 million cubic meters volume within the Miocene Murree Formation consisting of mixed sandstone, mudstone, shale, and limestone. The avalanche buried the village of Dandbeh and resulted in approximately 1,000 fatalities, according to local residents. The avalanche deposit traveled approximately 1.5 kilometers downslope and 300 meters or more up the opposite slope in the adjacent Karli stream drainage and also extended into the Tang stream drainage where the Tang stream joins the Karli drainage. The landslide mass has impounded two lakes within the blocked drainages. The lake in the Karli drainage was approximately 800 meters long and 20 meters deep as of December 19, 2005. The lake in the Tang drainage was approximately 400 meters long and 10 meters deep as of this same date. Downstream populations are at risk from possible flash flooding when these debris dams are overtopped by the reservoir water. The closest village, Hattian, is 2.8 kilometers downstream at the junction of the Jhelum River and the landslide-dammed Karli tributary. Other populations along the Jhelum River may also be at risk. Pakistan military engineers are preparing to construct a spillway within the landslide deposits to lessen the severity of the flood if the lake in the Karli stream drainage breaches the landslide dam catastrophically.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061052","usgsCitation":"Harp, E.L., and Crone, A.J., 2006, Landslides triggered by the October 8, 2005, Pakistan earthquake and associated landslide-dammed reservoirs (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1052, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061052.","productDescription":"13 p.","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-10-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7730,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1052/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a9172","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harp, Edwin L. harp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"Edwin","email":"harp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":287611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crone, Anthony J. 0000-0002-3006-406X crone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-406X","contributorId":790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"Anthony","email":"crone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":76683,"text":"fs20063040 - 2006 - National Urbanization Monitoring Assessment (NUMA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:07","indexId":"fs20063040","displayToPublicDate":"2006-05-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3040","title":"National Urbanization Monitoring Assessment (NUMA)","docAbstract":"A core geographic science element of the U.S. Geological Survey's Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) Program is to monitor land-surface change for the Nation through time.\r\n\r\nThe Nation's land surface is dynamically evolving and transitioning in response to natural and human processes. The need to understand the transformations and locations where changes are taking place, their underlying causes, and the rate at which the transitions are occurring is fundamental to the health and viability of the Nation's natural and developed environments.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20063040","usgsCitation":"Hester, D., 2006, National Urbanization Monitoring Assessment (NUMA) (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3040, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063040.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3040.jpg"},{"id":7732,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3040/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698663","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hester, Dave","contributorId":22200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hester","given":"Dave","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70176784,"text":"70176784 - 2006 - Submarine radial vents on Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-05T15:47:48","indexId":"70176784","displayToPublicDate":"2006-05-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submarine radial vents on Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"<p>A 2002 multibeam sonar survey of Mauna Loa's western flank revealed ten submarine radial vents and three submarine lava flows. Only one submarine radial vent was known previously. The ages of these vents are constrained by eyewitness accounts, geologic relationships, Mn-Fe coatings, and geochemical stratigraphy; they range from 128 years B.P. to possibly 47 ka. Eight of the radial vents produced degassed lavas despite eruption in water depths sufficient to inhibit sulfur degassing. These vents formed truncated cones and short lava flows. Two vents produced undegassed lavas that created “irregular” cones and longer lava flows. Compositionally and isotopically, the submarine radial vent lavas are typical of Mauna Loa lavas, except two cones that erupted alkalic lavas. He-Sr isotopes for the radial vent lavas follow Mauna Loa's evolutionary trend. The compositional and isotopic heterogeneity of these lavas indicates most had distinct parental magmas. Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter results, along with photography and sampling during four JASON2 dives, are used to produce a detailed geologic map to evaluate Mauna Loa's submarine geologic history. The new map shows that the 1877 submarine eruption was much larger than previously thought, resulting in a 10% increase for recent volcanism. Furthermore, although alkalic lavas were found at two radial vents, there is no systematic increase in alkalinity among these or other Mauna Loa lavas as expected for a dying volcano. These results refute an interpretation that Mauna Loa's volcanism is waning. The submarine radial vents and flows cover 29 km<sup>2</sup> of seafloor and comprise a total volume of ∼2×10<sup>9</sup> m<sup>3</sup> of lava, reinforcing the idea that submarine lava eruptions are important in the growth of oceanic island volcanoes even after they emerged above sea level.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005GC001086","usgsCitation":"Wanless, V.D., Garcia, M., Trusdell, F., Rhodes, J., Norman, M., Weis, D., Fornari, D., Kurz, M., and Guillou, H., 2006, Submarine radial vents on Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawai'i: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 7, no. 5, Q05001, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GC001086.","productDescription":"Q05001, 28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gc001086","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":329347,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.5,\n              19\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.5,\n              20\n            ],\n            [\n              -155,\n              20\n            ],\n            [\n              -155,\n              19\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.5,\n              19\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe8d32e4b0824b2d14b0e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wanless, V. Dorsey","contributorId":175158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wanless","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"Dorsey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia, M.O.","contributorId":47868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"M.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trusdell, F. A.","contributorId":57471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rhodes, J.M.","contributorId":31110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhodes","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Norman, M.D.","contributorId":175159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norman","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16807,"text":"Australian National University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":650295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weis, Dominique","contributorId":121531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weis","given":"Dominique","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fornari, D.J.","contributorId":49520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fornari","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kurz, M.D.","contributorId":66845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurz","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Guillou, Herve","contributorId":175160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guillou","given":"Herve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":76675,"text":"sir20055104 - 2006 - Fate and transport of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil and ground water at Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, Tennessee and Kentucky, 2002-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:17","indexId":"sir20055104","displayToPublicDate":"2006-05-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5104","title":"Fate and transport of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil and ground water at Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, Tennessee and Kentucky, 2002-2003","docAbstract":"In 2002 and 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), by agreement with the National Park Service (NPS), investigated the effects of oil and gas production operations on ground-water quality at Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area (BISO) with particular emphasis on the fate and transport of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils and ground water. During a reconnaissance of ground-water-quality conditions, samples were collected from 24 different locations (17 springs, 5 water-supply wells, 1 small stream, and 1 spring-fed pond) in and near BISO. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) compounds were not detected in any of the water samples, indicating that no widespread contamination of ground-water resources by dissolved petroleum hydrocarbons probably exists at BISO. Additional water-quality samples were collected from three springs and two wells for more detailed analyses to obtain additional information on ambient water-quality conditions at BISO.\r\n\r\nSoil gas, soil, water, and crude oil samples were collected at three study sites in or near BISO where crude oil had been spilled or released (before 1993). Diesel range organics (DRO) were detected in soil samples from all three of the sites at concentrations greater than 2,000 milligrams per kilogram. Low concentrations (less than 10 micrograms per kilogram) of BTEX compounds were detected in lab-analyzed soil samples from two of the sites. Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria counts in soil samples from the most contaminated areas of the sites were not greater than counts for soil samples from uncontaminated (background) sites. The elevated DRO concentrations, the presence of BTEX compounds, and the low number of -hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in contaminated soils indicate that biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils at these sites is incomplete.\r\n\r\nWater samples collected from the three study sites were analyzed for BTEX and DRO. Ground-water samples were collected from three small springs at the two sites located on ridge tops. BTEX and DRO were not detected in any of the water samples, and petroleum hydrocarbons do not appear to have leached into ground water at these sites. Ground-water samples were collected from a small spring and from three auger holes at the third site, which is located in a stream valley. BTEX and DRO were not detected in these ground-water samples, and currently, petroleum hydrocarbons do not appear to be leaching into ground water at this site. Weathered crude oil, however, was detected at the water surface in one of the auger holes, indicating that soluble petroleum hydrocarbons may have leached into the ground water and may have migrated downgradient from the site in the past. The concentration of soluble petroleum hydrocarbons present in the ground water would depend on the concentration of the hydrocarbons in the crude oil at the site.\r\n\r\nA laboratory study was conducted to examine the dissolution of petroleum hydrocarbons from a fresh crude oil sample collected from one of the study sites. The effective solubility of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and total xylenes for the crude oil sample was determined to be 1,900, 1,800, 220, and 580 micrograms per liter (?g/L), respectively. These results indicate that benzene and toluene could be present at concentrations greater than maximum contaminant levels (5 ?g/L for benzene and 1,000 ?g/L for toluene for drinking water) in ground water that comes into contact with fresh crude oil from the study area.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055104","usgsCitation":"Williams, S.D., Ladd, D.E., and Farmer, J., 2006, Fate and transport of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil and ground water at Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, Tennessee and Kentucky, 2002-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5104, v, 29 p. : col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055104.","productDescription":"v, 29 p. : col. maps ; 28 cm.","numberOfPages":"34","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":194957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7771,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5104/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f7382","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Shannon D. swilliam@usgs.gov","contributorId":4133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Shannon","email":"swilliam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ladd, David E. 0000-0002-9247-7839 deladd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-7839","contributorId":1646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ladd","given":"David","email":"deladd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farmer, James","contributorId":37407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":76678,"text":"sir20065007 - 2006 - Summary of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) activities in South Dakota, 2000–2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-30T19:43:10.396056","indexId":"sir20065007","displayToPublicDate":"2006-05-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5007","title":"Summary of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) activities in South Dakota, 2000–2004","docAbstract":"The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) initiated data-collection activities for the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program-West (EMAP-West) in South Dakota during 2000. The objectives of the study were to develop the monitoring tools necessary to produce unbiased estimates of the ecological condition of surface waters across a large geographic area of the western United States, and to demonstrate the effectiveness of those tools in a large-scale assessment.\r\n\r\nIn 2001, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks (GF&P) established a cooperative agreement and assumed responsibility for completing the remaining assessments for the perennial, wadable streams of the EMAP-West in the State. Stream assessment sites were divided into two broad categories-the first category of sites was randomly selected and assigned by the USEPA for South Dakota. The second category consisted of sites that were specifically selected because they appeared to have reasonable potential for representing the best available physical, chemical, and biological conditions in the State. These sites comprise the second category of assessment sites and were called 'reference' sites and were selected following a detailed evaluation process. Candidate reference site data will serve as a standard or benchmark for assessing the overall ecological condition of the randomly selected sites.\r\n\r\nDuring 2000, the USEPA completed 22 statewide stream assessments in South Dakota. During 2001-2003, the USGS and GF&P completed another 42 stream assessments bringing the total of randomly selected stream assessments within South Dakota to 64. In addition, 18 repeat assessments designed to meet established quality-assurance/quality-control requirements were completed at 12 of these 64 sites. During 2002-2004, the USGS in cooperation with GF&P completed stream assessments at 45 candidate reference sites. Thus, 109 sites had stream assessments completed in South Dakota for EMAP-West (2000-2004).\r\n\r\nRelatively early in the EMAP-West stream-assessment process, it became apparent that for some streams in south-central South Dakota, in-stream conditions varied considerably over relatively short distances of only a few miles. These changes appeared to be a result of geomorphic changes associated with changes in the underlying geology. For these streams, moving stream assessment sites short distances upstream or downstream had the potential to provide substantially different bioassessment data. In order to obtain a better understanding of how geology influences stream conditions, two streams located in south-central South Dakota were chosen for multiple stream sampling at sites located along their longitudinal profile at points where notable changes in geomorphology were observed. Subsequently, three sites on Bear-in-the-Lodge Creek and three sites on Black Pipe Creek were selected for multiple stream sampling using EMAP-West protocols so that more could be learned about geologic influences on stream conditions.\r\n\r\nValues for dissolved oxygen and specific conductance generally increased from upstream to downstream locations on Bear-in-the-Lodge Creek. Values for pH and water temperature generally decreased from upstream to downstream locations. Decreasing water temperature could be indicative of ground-water inflows.\r\n\r\nValues for dissolved oxygen, pH, and water temperature generally increased from upstream to downstream locations on Black Pipe Creek. The increase in temperature at the lower sites is a result of less dense riparian cover, and the warmer water also could account for the lower concentrations of dissolved oxygen found in the lower reaches of Black Pipe Creek. Values for specific conductance were more than three times greater at the lower site (1,342 microsiemens per centimeter (?S/cm)) than at the upper site (434 ?S/cm). The increase probably occurs when the stream transitions from contacting the underlying Ar","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065007","usgsCitation":"Heakin, A.J., Neitzert, K.M., and Shearer, J.S., 2006, Summary of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) activities in South Dakota, 2000–2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5007, vi, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065007.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p.","numberOfPages":"51","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2006_5007.jpg"},{"id":393694,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86787.htm"},{"id":7815,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2006-5007/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-104.054487,44.180381],[-104.055914,44.874986],[-104.057698,44.997431],[-104.039681,44.998041],[-104.040114,45.374214],[-104.045443,45.94531],[-100.430597,45.943638],[-99.005754,45.939944],[-98.414518,45.936504],[-96.56328,45.935238],[-96.564002,45.91956],[-96.56703,45.915682],[-96.56442,45.909415],[-96.568315,45.902902],[-96.568772,45.888072],[-96.571354,45.886673],[-96.571871,45.871846],[-96.574667,45.866816],[-96.572984,45.861602],[-96.574517,45.843098],[-96.583085,45.820024],[-96.596704,45.811801],[-96.612512,45.794442],[-96.627778,45.786239],[-96.638726,45.770171],[-96.641941,45.759871],[-96.652226,45.746809],[-96.662595,45.738682],[-96.672665,45.732336],[-96.711157,45.717561],[-96.745086,45.701576],[-96.75035,45.698782],[-96.760866,45.687518],[-96.835769,45.649648],[-96.844211,45.639583],[-96.852392,45.61484],[-96.857751,45.605962],[-96.801987,45.555414],[-96.79384,45.550724],[-96.76528,45.521414],[-96.745487,45.488712],[-96.743486,45.480649],[-96.738446,45.473499],[-96.732739,45.458737],[-96.692541,45.417338],[-96.680454,45.410499],[-96.617726,45.408092],[-96.60118,45.403181],[-96.562142,45.38609],[-96.521787,45.375645],[-96.489065,45.357071],[-96.469246,45.324941],[-96.468027,45.318619],[-96.46191,45.313884],[-96.453067,45.298115],[-96.451232,44.718375],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.598928,43.500457],[-96.599182,43.496011],[-96.586274,43.491099],[-96.580997,43.481384],[-96.586364,43.478251],[-96.584603,43.46961],[-96.587929,43.464878],[-96.600039,43.45708],[-96.60286,43.450907],[-96.594254,43.434153],[-96.587884,43.431685],[-96.575181,43.431756],[-96.570224,43.428601],[-96.573579,43.419228],[-96.562728,43.412782],[-96.557586,43.406792],[-96.537116,43.395063],[-96.531159,43.39561],[-96.529152,43.397735],[-96.525453,43.396317],[-96.521572,43.38564],[-96.521323,43.374607],[-96.526467,43.368314],[-96.527223,43.362257],[-96.526635,43.351833],[-96.524289,43.347214],[-96.534913,43.336473],[-96.528817,43.316561],[-96.525564,43.312467],[-96.530392,43.300034],[-96.553087,43.29286],[-96.555246,43.294803],[-96.56911,43.295535],[-96.573556,43.29917],[-96.581052,43.297118],[-96.579094,43.293797],[-96.577588,43.2788],[-96.580904,43.2748],[-96.582876,43.274594],[-96.582939,43.276536],[-96.586317,43.274319],[-96.58522,43.268878],[-96.576804,43.268308],[-96.564165,43.260239],[-96.554968,43.259998],[-96.552591,43.257769],[-96.552963,43.247281],[-96.565253,43.244241],[-96.571194,43.238961],[-96.568505,43.231554],[-96.56044,43.224219],[-96.554937,43.226775],[-96.540088,43.225698],[-96.535741,43.22764],[-96.526865,43.224071],[-96.519273,43.21769],[-96.500759,43.220767],[-96.496454,43.223652],[-96.485264,43.224183],[-96.476697,43.222014],[-96.470626,43.207225],[-96.473777,43.198766],[-96.473834,43.189804],[-96.472395,43.185644],[-96.465146,43.182971],[-96.467292,43.164066],[-96.466537,43.150281],[-96.459978,43.143516],[-96.450361,43.142237],[-96.443431,43.133825],[-96.440801,43.123129],[-96.436589,43.120842],[-96.439335,43.113916],[-96.462855,43.091419],[-96.462636,43.089614],[-96.455337,43.088129],[-96.454088,43.084197],[-96.455209,43.075053],[-96.46085,43.064033],[-96.468207,43.06186],[-96.473165,43.06355],[-96.476905,43.062383],[-96.490365,43.050789],[-96.501748,43.048632],[-96.510256,43.049917],[-96.518431,43.042068],[-96.509145,43.037297],[-96.512916,43.029962],[-96.510995,43.024701],[-96.499187,43.019213],[-96.49167,43.009707],[-96.496699,42.998807],[-96.509986,42.995126],[-96.512886,42.991424],[-96.512237,42.985937],[-96.516724,42.981458],[-96.520773,42.980385],[-96.515922,42.972886],[-96.506148,42.971348],[-96.503132,42.968192],[-96.500308,42.959391],[-96.504857,42.954659],[-96.509472,42.945151],[-96.519994,42.93976],[-96.516419,42.935438],[-96.516888,42.932512],[-96.525536,42.935511],[-96.541689,42.922576],[-96.536564,42.905656],[-96.542847,42.903737],[-96.539397,42.899964],[-96.536007,42.900901],[-96.528886,42.89795],[-96.526357,42.891852],[-96.540116,42.889678],[-96.537851,42.878475],[-96.546394,42.874464],[-96.549659,42.870281],[-96.550469,42.863742],[-96.546556,42.857273],[-96.541708,42.858871],[-96.545502,42.849956],[-96.554709,42.846142],[-96.554203,42.843648],[-96.549976,42.840705],[-96.551285,42.836606],[-96.556162,42.836675],[-96.560572,42.839373],[-96.56284,42.836309],[-96.563058,42.831051],[-96.565605,42.830434],[-96.571353,42.837155],[-96.581604,42.837521],[-96.58238,42.833657],[-96.577813,42.828719],[-96.585699,42.818041],[-96.596008,42.815044],[-96.595664,42.810426],[-96.590913,42.808987],[-96.595283,42.792982],[-96.602575,42.787767],[-96.603784,42.78372],[-96.61949,42.784034],[-96.626406,42.773518],[-96.632142,42.770863],[-96.632212,42.761512],[-96.628741,42.757532],[-96.621235,42.758084],[-96.619494,42.754792],[-96.630485,42.750378],[-96.639704,42.737071],[-96.631931,42.725086],[-96.624704,42.725497],[-96.624446,42.714294],[-96.630617,42.70588],[-96.6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Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6995c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heakin, Allen J.","contributorId":20366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heakin","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neitzert, Kathleen M. kmneitze@usgs.gov","contributorId":1833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neitzert","given":"Kathleen","email":"kmneitze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shearer, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":85678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":76680,"text":"ofr20051145 - 2006 - Interpolation of reconnaissance multibeam bathymetry from north-central Long Island Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-05T13:51:19.977421","indexId":"ofr20051145","displayToPublicDate":"2006-05-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1145","title":"Interpolation of reconnaissance multibeam bathymetry from north-central Long Island Sound","docAbstract":"<h1>Introduction&nbsp;</h1><p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CT DEP), has produced detailed maps of the sea floor in Long Island Sound, a major East Coast estuary surrounded by the most densely populated region of the United States (fig. 1). The current phase of this cooperative research program is directed toward studies of sea-floor topography and its effect on the distributions of sedimentary environments and benthic communities. Because anthropogenic wastes, toxic chemicals, and changes in land-use patterns resulting from residential, commercial, and recreational development have stressed the environment of the Sound, causing degradation and potential loss of benthic habitats (Koppelman and others, 1976; Long Island Sound Study, 1994), detailed maps of the sea floor are needed to help evaluate the extent of adverse impacts and to help manage resources wisely in the future.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051145","isbn":"060798595X","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., Ackerman, S.D., Doran, E.F., Beaver, A.L., Crocker, J.M., and Schattgen, P., 2006, Interpolation of reconnaissance multibeam bathymetry from north-central Long Island Sound: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1145, HTML Document; 1 DVD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051145.","productDescription":"HTML Document; 1 DVD-ROM","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":7728,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1145/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194448,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1145/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.78556530649055,\n              41.31072851257542\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.27377103918643,\n              41.30851937203968\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.97666965433311,\n              41.248844284803965\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.35017644982976,\n              41.104958311094094\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.59133831778816,\n              41.018475050676614\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.57369232744912,\n              40.88075480977747\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.12371957381994,\n              40.9385434311005\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.59433986366781,\n              40.982961844651214\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.24436105528927,\n              41.15369356282852\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.76791931615153,\n              41.18690138662723\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.78556530649055,\n              41.31072851257542\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e07cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, Lawrence J. lpoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"Lawrence J.","email":"lpoppe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":287603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, Seth D. 0000-0003-0945-2794 sackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0945-2794","contributorId":178676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Seth","email":"sackerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":287605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doran, Elizabeth F.","contributorId":41539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beaver, Andrew L.","contributorId":78832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaver","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crocker, Jim M.","contributorId":36642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crocker","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schattgen, P.T.","contributorId":16525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schattgen","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":76677,"text":"fs20063001 - 2006 - The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)-West: Summary of activities and accomplishments in South Dakota, 2000-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-15T11:32:44","indexId":"fs20063001","displayToPublicDate":"2006-05-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3001","title":"The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)-West: Summary of activities and accomplishments in South Dakota, 2000-2004","docAbstract":"<p class=\"body\">The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)-West was initiated in South Dakota in 2000 by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The two primary objectives of the surface waters component of EMAP-West were to (1) develop the monitoring tools (biological indicators, stream survey design, estimates of reference condition) necessary to produce unbiased estimates of the ecological condition of surface waters across a large geographic area of the West; and (2) demonstrate the effectiveness of those tools in a large-scale assessment. Although not specifically defined as an objective, data collected during EMAP-West also will help to establish a baseline for comparisons with data obtained from future monitoring efforts and could document changing biological conditions resulting from changing land-use or land-management practices associated with regulatory or restorative efforts.</p><p class=\"body\">EMAP-West is a partnership between USEPA, States, Tribes, and other inter­ested parties in USEPA Regions 8, 9, and 10. In South Dakota, the principle EMAP-West cooperators include the USEPA, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks (GF&amp;P), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Other agencies such as the Natural Resource Conservation ­Service, the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources (SDDENR), State Conservation Dis­tricts, and various Tribal departments also have provided valuable expertise and assistance.</p><p class=\"body\">This fact sheet summarizes the activities and accomplishments associated with EMAP-West in South Dakota during 2000–2004. Efforts were focused on perennial streams that usually can be waded. Large rivers also were assessed during EMAP-West under the auspices of USEPA using boats and similar techniques, but are not included in the activities discussed here. Data-collection activities for wadeable streams were conducted under the auspices of USEPA in South Dakota during 2000 and by the USGS during 2001–2004. A more detailed description of EMAP-West activities and assessments in South Dakota is available in Heakin and others (<i>in press</i>).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20063001","usgsCitation":"Heakin, A.J., and Neitzert, K.M., 2006, The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)-West: Summary of activities and accomplishments in South Dakota, 2000-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3001, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063001.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3001.jpg"},{"id":7816,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3001/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c8f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heakin, Allen J.","contributorId":20366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heakin","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neitzert, Kathleen M. kmneitze@usgs.gov","contributorId":1833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neitzert","given":"Kathleen","email":"kmneitze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":76676,"text":"sir20055281 - 2006 - Sinkhole flooding in Murfreesboro, Rutherford County, Tennessee, 2001-02","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:17","indexId":"sir20055281","displayToPublicDate":"2006-05-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5281","title":"Sinkhole flooding in Murfreesboro, Rutherford County, Tennessee, 2001-02","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Murfreesboro, Tennessee, conducted an investigation from January 2001 through April 2002 to delineate sinkholes and sinkhole watersheds in the Murfreesboro area and to characterize the hydrologic response of sinkholes to major rainfall events. Terrain analysis was used to define sinkholes and delineate the sinkhole drainage areas. Flooding in 78 sinkholes in three focus areas was identified and tracked using aerial photography following three major storms in February 2001, January 2002, and March 2002. The three focus areas are located to the east, north, and northwest of Murfreesboro and are underlain primarily by the Ridley Limestone with some outcrops of the underlying Pierce Limestone.\r\n\r\nThe observed sinkhole flooding is controlled by water inflow, water outflow, and the degree of the hydraulic connection (connectivity) to a ground-water conduit system. The observed sinkholes in the focus areas are grouped into three categories based on the sinkhole morphology and the connectivity to the ground-water system as indicated by their response to flooding. The three types of sinkholes described for these focus areas are pan sinkholes with low connectivity, deep sinkholes with high connectivity, and deep sinkholes with low connectivity to the ground-water conduit system.\r\n\r\nShallow, broad pan sinkholes flood as water inflow from a storm inundates the depression at land surface. Water overflow from one pan sinkhole can flow downgradient and become inflow to a sinkhole at a lower altitude. Land-surface modifications that direct more water into a pan sinkhole could increase peak-flood altitudes and extend flood durations. Land-surface modifications that increase the outflow by overland drainage could decrease the flood durations. Road construction or alterations that reduce flow within or between pan sinkholes could result in increased flood durations.\r\n\r\nFlood levels and durations in the deeper sinkholes observed in the three focus areas are primarily affected by the connectivity with the ground-water conduit system. Deep sinkholes with a relatively high connectivity to the ground-water system fill quickly after a storm, and drain rapidly after the storm ends, and water levels decline as much as 3 to 5 feet per day in the first 2 to 3 days after a major storm. These sinkholes store the initial floodwater and then rapidly transmit water to the ground-water conduit system (high outflow). Land-surface changes that direct more water into the sinkhole may increase the flood peaks, but may not have a substantial effect on the flood durations.\r\n\r\nDeep sinkholes that have low connectivity to the ground-water conduit system may have a delayed peak water level and may drain slowly, only about 2 to 3 feet in 10 days. Outflow from these sinkholes is limited or restricted by low connectivity to the ground-water conduit system. Land-surface alterations that increase the inflow to the sinkholes can result in high flood levels or increased flood durations. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055281","collaboration":"Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report.","usgsCitation":"Bradley, M., and Hileman, G.E., 2006, Sinkhole flooding in Murfreesboro, Rutherford County, Tennessee, 2001-02: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5281, vi, 38 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055281.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 28 cm.","numberOfPages":"44","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":194382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7780,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5281/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f1983","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Mike 0000-0002-2979-265X mbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-265X","contributorId":582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Mike","email":"mbradley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hileman, Gregg Edward","contributorId":60337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hileman","given":"Gregg","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70242594,"text":"70242594 - 2006 - Closure to “Standard penetration test-based probabilistic and deterministic assessment of seismic soil liquefaction potential” by K. Onder Cetin, Raymond B. Seed, Armen Der Kiureghian, Kohji Tokimatsu, Leslie F. Harder Jr., Robert E. Kayen, and Robert E. S. Moss","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T15:24:16.902266","indexId":"70242594","displayToPublicDate":"2006-05-01T10:06:08","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2327,"text":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Closure to “Standard penetration test-based probabilistic and deterministic assessment of seismic soil liquefaction potential” by K. Onder Cetin, Raymond B. Seed, Armen Der Kiureghian, Kohji Tokimatsu, Leslie F. Harder Jr., Robert E. Kayen, and Robert E. S. Moss","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:5(667.2)","usgsCitation":"Cetin, K., Seed, R., Der Kiureghian, A., Tokimatsu, K., Harder, L.F., Kayen, R., and Moss, R., 2006, Closure to “Standard penetration test-based probabilistic and deterministic assessment of seismic soil liquefaction potential” by K. Onder Cetin, Raymond B. Seed, Armen Der Kiureghian, Kohji Tokimatsu, Leslie F. Harder Jr., Robert E. Kayen, and Robert E. S. Moss: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, v. 132, no. 5, p. 667-669, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:5(667.2).","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"667","endPage":"669","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415496,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cetin, K. Onder","contributorId":211460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cetin","given":"K. Onder","affiliations":[{"id":38250,"text":"Middle East Technical Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seed, Raymond B.","contributorId":62162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seed","given":"Raymond B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Der Kiureghian, Armen","contributorId":211462,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Der Kiureghian","given":"Armen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tokimatsu, Kohji","contributorId":78424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tokimatsu","given":"Kohji","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harder, Leslie F. Jr.","contributorId":304051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harder","given":"Leslie","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kayen, Robert E. 0000-0002-0356-072X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0356-072X","contributorId":261195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"Robert E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moss, Robb E. S.","contributorId":146591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moss","given":"Robb E. S.","affiliations":[{"id":16725,"text":"California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70184344,"text":"70184344 - 2006 - Effects of spatially variable resolution on field-scale estimates of tracer concentration from electrical inversions using Archie's law","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-16T17:48:02","indexId":"70184344","displayToPublicDate":"2006-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of spatially variable resolution on field-scale estimates of tracer concentration from electrical inversions using Archie's law","docAbstract":"<p><span>Two important mechanisms affect our ability to estimate solute concentrations quantitatively from the inversion of field-scale electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data: (1) the spatially variable physical processes that govern the flow of current as well as the variation of physical properties in space and (2) the overparameterization of inverse models, which requires the imposition of a smoothing constraint (regularization) to facilitate convergence of the inverse solution. Based on analyses of field and synthetic data, we find that the ability of ERT to recover the 3D shape and magnitudes of a migrating conductive target is spatially variable. Additionally, the application of Archie's law to tomograms from field ERT data produced solute concentrations that are consistently less than 10% of point measurements collected in the field and estimated from transport modeling. Estimates of concentration from ERT using Archie's law only fit measured solute concentrations if the apparent formation factor is varied with space and time and allowed to take on unreasonably high values. Our analysis suggests that the inability to find a single petrophysical relation in space and time between concentration and electrical resistivity is largely an effect of two properties of ERT surveys: (1) decreased sensitivity of ERT to detect the target plume with increasing distance from the electrodes and (2) the smoothing imprint of regularization used in inversion.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.2194900","usgsCitation":"Singha, K., and Gorelick, S.M., 2006, Effects of spatially variable resolution on field-scale estimates of tracer concentration from electrical inversions using Archie's law: Geophysics, v. 71, no. 3, p. G83-G91, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2194900.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"G83","endPage":"G91","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336972,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4fde4b014cc3a3ba527","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singha, Kamini","contributorId":76733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singha","given":"Kamini","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gorelick, Steven M.","contributorId":8784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorelick","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70156276,"text":"70156276 - 2006 - New products from the shuttle radar topography mission","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T14:03:28","indexId":"70156276","displayToPublicDate":"2006-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New products from the shuttle radar topography mission","docAbstract":"<p>New data products with broad applicability to the Earth sciences are now available from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). SRTM, a joint project of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) and NASA, flew aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour on an 11-day mission in February 2000 with the goal of collecting a near-global data set of high-resolution elevation data [<i>Fan and Kobrick</i>, 2000]. Data from the mission have been available to researchers for several years, but newly available products offer enhanced usability and applicability.</p>\n<p>Final products include elevation data resulting from a substantial editing effort by the NGA in which water bodies and coastlines were well defined and data artifacts known as spikes and wells (single pixel errors) were removed. This second version of the SRTM data set, also referred to as &lsquo;finished&rsquo; data, represents a significant improvement over earlier versions that had nonflat water bodies, poorly defined coastlines, and numerous noise artifacts. The edited data are available at a one-arc-second resolution (approximately 30 meters) for the United States and its territories, and at a three-arc-second resolution (approximately 90 meters) for non-U.S. areas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006EO180003","usgsCitation":"Gesch, D.B., Farr, T., Slater, J., Muller, J., and Cook, S., 2006, New products from the shuttle radar topography mission: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 87, no. 18, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006EO180003.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"174","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477332,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006eo180003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306888,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d45732e4b0518e354694da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gesch, Dean B. 0000-0002-8992-4933 gesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":2956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"Dean","email":"gesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farr, Tom","contributorId":24903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farr","given":"Tom","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slater, James","contributorId":86630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slater","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muller, Jan-Peter","contributorId":26882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"Jan-Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cook, Sally","contributorId":76387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Sally","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70176769,"text":"70176769 - 2006 - Infrasonic array observations at I53US of the 2006 Augustine Volcano eruptions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-05T14:55:03","indexId":"70176769","displayToPublicDate":"2006-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5210,"text":"InfraMatics","onlineIssn":"2169-2696","printIssn":"2169-270X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infrasonic array observations at I53US of the 2006 Augustine Volcano eruptions","docAbstract":"<div class=\"t m0 x1 h9 y14 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsb\">The recent January 2006 Augustine eruptions, from the 11th to the 28th, have produced a series of 12 infrasonic signals that were observed at the I53US array at UAF. the eruption times for the signals were provided by the Alaska Volcanic Observatory at UAF using seismic sensors and a Chaparral microphone that are installed on Augustine Island. The bearing and distance of Augustine from I53US are, respectively, 207.8 degrees and 675 km. The analysis of the signals is done with a least-squares detector/estimator that calculates, from the 28 different sensor-pairs in the array, the mean of the cross-correlation maxima (MCCM), the horizontal trace-velocity and the azimuth of arrival of the signal using a sliding-window of 2000 data points. The data were bandpass filtered from 0.03 to 0.10 Hz. The data are digitized at a rate of 20 Hz. The average values of the signal parameters for all 12 Augustine signals are as follows: MCCM=0.85 (std 0.14), Trace-velocity=0.346 (std 0.016) km/sec, Azimuth=209 (std 2) deg. The celerity for each signal was calculated using the range 675 km and the individual travel times to I53US. The average celerity for all ten eruption signals was 0.27 (std 0.02) km/sec. Ray tracing studies, using mean values of the wind speed and temperature profiles (along the path) from NRL, have shown that there was propagation to I53US by both stratospheric and thermospheric ray paths from the volcano.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Scientific Research Publ.","usgsCitation":"Wilson, C., Olson, J., Szuberla, C.A., McNutt, S., Tytgat, G., and Drob, D.P., 2006, Infrasonic array observations at I53US of the 2006 Augustine Volcano eruptions: InfraMatics, v. 13, p. 11-25.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"25","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329335,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":329334,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/geo_facpub/310/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Augustine Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -153.51470947265625, 59.412945785071 ], [ -153.47625732421875, 59.41993301322722 ], [ -153.446044921875, 59.428315784042574 ], [ -153.39385986328125, 59.428315784042574 ], [ -153.36090087890622, 59.41574084934491 ], [ -153.34442138671875, 59.39477224351409 ], [ -153.31695556640625, 59.37658895163648 ], [ -153.32794189453125, 59.33599107056162 ], [ -153.37188720703125, 59.32338185310805 ], [ -153.446044921875, 59.31777625443006 ], [ -153.5394287109375, 59.31076795603884 ], [ -153.577880859375, 59.32618430580267 ], [ -153.577880859375, 59.35139598294652 ], [ -153.60260009765625, 59.379387015928536 ], [ -153.59161376953125, 59.404559208021745 ], [ -153.55865478515625, 59.410150490100754 ], [ -153.51470947265625, 59.412945785071 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe8d33e4b0824b2d14b0e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, C.R.","contributorId":78353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, J.V.","contributorId":71836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Szuberla, Curt A.L.","contributorId":175150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Szuberla","given":"Curt","email":"","middleInitial":"A.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McNutt, Steve","contributorId":101536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNutt","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tytgat, Guy","contributorId":71152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tytgat","given":"Guy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Drob, Douglas P.","contributorId":175152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drob","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16692,"text":"Naval Research Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":650252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70176754,"text":"70176754 - 2006 - Applications of geophysical methods to volcano monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T15:55:20","indexId":"70176754","displayToPublicDate":"2006-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Applications of geophysical methods to volcano monitoring","docAbstract":"<div data-canvas-width=\"352.12399999999997\">The array of geophysical technologies used in volcano hazards studies - some developed originally only for volcano monitoring - ranges from satellite remote sensing including InSAR to leveling and EDM surveys, campaign and telemetered GPS networks, electronic tiltmeters and strainmeters, airborne magnetic and electromagnetic surveys, short-period and broadband seismic monitoring, even microphones tuned for infrasound. They include virtually every method used in resource exploration except large-scale seismic reflection. By “geophysical ” we include both active and passive methods as well as geodetic technologies. Volcano monitoring incorporates telemetry to handle high-bandwith cameras and broadband seismometers. Critical geophysical targets include the flux of magma in shallow reservoir and lava-tube systems, changes in active hydrothermal systems, volcanic edifice stability, and lahars. Since the eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington State in 1980, and the eruption at Pu’u O’o in Hawai’i beginning in 1983 and still continuing, dramatic advances have occurred in monitoring technology such as “crisis GIS” and lahar modeling, InSAR interferograms, as well as gas emission geochemistry sampling, and hazards mapping and eruption predictions. The on-going eruption of Mount St. Helens has led to new monitoring technologies, including advances in broadband Wi-Fi and satellite telemetry as well as new instrumentation. Assessment of the gap between adequate monitoring and threat at the 169 potentially dangerous Holocene volcanoes shows where populations are dangerously exposed to volcanic catastrophes in the United States and its territories . This paper focuses primarily on Hawai’ian volcanoes and the northern Pacific and Cascades volcanoes. The US Geological Survey, the US National Park System, and the University of Utah cooperate in a program to monitor the huge Yellowstone volcanic system, and a separate observatory monitors the restive Long Valley caldera in collaboration with the US Forest Service.&nbsp;</div>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"19th Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP 2006): Geophysical applications for environmental and engineering hazards - Advances and constraints","conferenceTitle":"19th Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems","conferenceDate":"April 2-6, 2006","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, WA","language":"English","publisher":"Curran Associates Inc.","isbn":"9781622760657","usgsCitation":"Wynn, J., Dzurisin, D., Finn, C., Kauahikaua, J.P., and Lahusen, R.G., 2006, Applications of geophysical methods to volcano monitoring, <i>in</i> 19th Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP 2006): Geophysical applications for environmental and engineering hazards - Advances and constraints, v. 1, Seattle, WA, April 2-6, 2006, p. 174-183.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"174","endPage":"183","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":329316,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.proceedings.com/15059.html"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe8d33e4b0824b2d14b0e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wynn, Jeff 0000-0002-8102-3882 jwynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8102-3882","contributorId":2803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wynn","given":"Jeff","email":"jwynn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dzurisin, Daniel 0000-0002-0138-5067 dzurisin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-5067","contributorId":538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"Daniel","email":"dzurisin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0002-6178-0405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":205010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":650183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kauahikaua, James P. 0000-0003-3777-503X jimk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-503X","contributorId":2146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"James","email":"jimk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lahusen, Richard G. rlahusen@usgs.gov","contributorId":535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahusen","given":"Richard","email":"rlahusen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":76674,"text":"sir20065016 - 2006 - Suspended-sediment yields and stream-channel processes on Judy's Branch watershed in the St. Louis Metro East region in Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:23","indexId":"sir20065016","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5016","title":"Suspended-sediment yields and stream-channel processes on Judy's Branch watershed in the St. Louis Metro East region in Illinois","docAbstract":"Judy's Branch watershed, a small basin (8.64 square miles) in the St. Louis Metro East region in Illinois, was selected as a pilot site to determine suspended-sediment yields and stream-channel processes in the bluffs and American Bottoms (expansive low-lying valley floor in the region). Suspended-sediment and stream-chan-nel data collected and analyzed for Judy's Branch watershed are presented in this report to establish a baseline of data for water-resource managers to evaluate future stream rehabilitation and manage-ment alternatives. The sediment yield analysis determines the amount of sediment being delivered from the watershed and two subwatersheds: an urban tributary and an undeveloped headwater (pri-marily agricultural). The analysis of the subwater-sheds is used to compare the effects of urbanization on sediment yield to the river. The stream-channel contribution to sediment yield was determined by evaluation of the stream-channel processes operat-ing on the streambed and banks of Judy's Branch watershed. Bank stability was related to hydrologic events, bank stratigraphy, and channel geometry through model development and simulation.\r\n\r\nThe average suspended-sediment yield from two upland subwatersheds (drainage areas of 0.23 and 0.40 sq.mi. was 1,163 tons per square mile per year (tons/sq.mi.-year) between July 2000 and June 2004. The suspended-sediment yield at the Route 157 station was 2,523 tons/sq.mi.-year, near the outlet of Judy's Branch watershed (drainage area = 8.33 sq.mi.). This is approximately 1,360 tons/sq.mi.-year greater than the average at the upland stations for the same time period. This result is unexpected in that, generally, the suspended-sediment yield decreases as the watershed area increases because of sediment stored in the channel and flood plain. The difference indicates a possible increase in yield from a source, such as bank retreat, and supports the concept that land-use changes increase stream-flows that may in turn result in higher rates of bank retreat. Utilizing both bank-rod data and resurveyed cross-section data, it was determined that approxi-mately half of the suspended- sediment yield at Route 157 during July 2000-June 2004 came from bank retreat.\r\n\r\nGiven that bank retreat can be a substantial portion of the sediment yield, understanding bank stability processes is important. Bank stability can be assessed mathematically by computing the factor of safety, which is defined by the ratio of the shear strength (resisting force) along the failure surface and the shear stress (driving gravitational force). Once the factor of safety falls below one, the bank theoretically becomes unstable. Bank-stability conditions were related to hydrologic events, bank type, and channel geometry through model develop-ment and simulation. The most common type of bank in the watershed consists of cohesive alluvial soil deposits overlying a stiff glacial till. A stabil-ity chart for different bank types was developed using a bank-stability analysis. Banks steeper than 70 degrees and higher than from 10 to 11.5 feet (depending on bank type) become at risk for mass failure in the watershed under conditions that pro-mote saturation of the bank and a sudden drop in the river level. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065016","usgsCitation":"Straub, T., Johnson, G.P., Roseboom, D., and Sierra, C.R., 2006, Suspended-sediment yields and stream-channel processes on Judy's Branch watershed in the St. Louis Metro East region in Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5016, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065016.","productDescription":"51 p.","numberOfPages":"51","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7727,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5016/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90,39 ], [ -90,39.333333333333336 ], [ -90.5,39.333333333333336 ], [ -90.5,39 ], [ -90,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68803c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Straub, Timothy D. 0000-0002-5896-0851 tdstraub@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-0851","contributorId":2273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"Timothy D.","email":"tdstraub@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":287580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Gary P. 0000-0003-0363-9873 gjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0363-9873","contributorId":2959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gary","email":"gjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":287581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roseboom, Donald P.","contributorId":94747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseboom","given":"Donald P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sierra, Carlos R.","contributorId":9365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sierra","given":"Carlos","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":76666,"text":"fs20063043 - 2006 - Volatile organic compounds in the nation's drinking-water supply wells - what findings may mean to human health","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:20","indexId":"fs20063043","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3043","title":"Volatile organic compounds in the nation's drinking-water supply wells - what findings may mean to human health","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20063043","usgsCitation":"Toccalino, P., Rowe, B.L., and Norman, J.E., 2006, Volatile organic compounds in the nation's drinking-water supply wells - what findings may mean to human health: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3043, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063043.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3043.jpg"},{"id":7716,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3043/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8418,"rank":1000,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3048/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8419,"rank":1000,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1292/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd9d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toccalino, Patricia L. 0000-0003-1066-1702","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1066-1702","contributorId":41089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toccalino","given":"Patricia L.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowe, Barbara L. blrowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Barbara","email":"blrowe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Norman, Julia E. 0000-0002-2820-6225 jnorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2820-6225","contributorId":3832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Julia","email":"jnorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":76668,"text":"sir20065062 - 2006 - Evaluation of hydrologic conditions and nitrate concentrations in the Rio Nigua de Salinas alluvial fan aquifer, Salinas, Puerto Rico, 2002-03","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:23","indexId":"sir20065062","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5062","title":"Evaluation of hydrologic conditions and nitrate concentrations in the Rio Nigua de Salinas alluvial fan aquifer, Salinas, Puerto Rico, 2002-03","docAbstract":"A ground-water quality study to define the potential sources and concentration of nitrate in the Rio Nigua de Salinas alluvial fan aquifer was conducted between January 2002 and March 2003. The study area covers about 3,600 hectares of the coastal plain within the municipality of Salinas in southern Puerto Rico, extending from the foothills to the Caribbean Sea. Agriculture is the principal land use and includes cultivation of diverse crops, turf grass, bioengineered crops for seed production, and commercial poultry farms.\r\n\r\nGround-water withdrawal in the alluvial fan was estimated to be about 43,500 cubic meters per day, of which 49 percent was withdrawn for agriculture, 42 percent for public supply, and 9 percent for industrial use. Ground-water flow in the study area was primarily to the south and toward a cone of depression within the south-central part of the alluvial fan. The presence of that cone of depression and a smaller one located in the northeastern quadrant of the study area may contribute to the increase in nitrate concentration within a total area of about 545 hectares by 'recycling' ground water used for irrigation of cultivated lands.\r\n\r\nIn an area that covers about 405 hectares near the center of the Salinas alluvial fan, nitrate concentrations increased from 0.9 to 6.7 milligrams per liter as nitrogen in 1986 to 8 to 12 milligrams per liter as nitrogen in 2002. Principal sources of nitrate in the study area are fertilizers (used in the cultivated farmlands) and poultry farm wastes. The highest nitrogen concentrations were found at poultry farms in the foothills area. In the area of disposed poultry farm wastes, nitrate concentrations in ground water ranged from 25 to 77 milligrams per liter as nitrogen. Analyses for the stable isotope ratios of nitrogen-15/nitrogen-14 in nitrate were used to distinguish the source of nitrate in the coastal plain alluvial fan aquifer.\r\n\r\nPotential nitrate loads from areas under cultivation were estimated for the principal crops in the area. The load estimates ranged from 18 kilograms per hectare per year as nitrogen for sorghum crops to 430 kilograms per hectare per year as nitrogen for turf-grass farms. Potential nitrate load from poultry farm wastes and from communities with septic tanks were estimated at about 580 and 47 kilograms per hectare per year as nitrogen, respectively. Results obtained from the analyses of the stable isotope ratios of nitrogen-15/nitrogen-14 in nitrate samples indicated that the high nitrate concentrations are from poultry wastes near the foothills, whereas artificial fertilizers were estimated to contribute between 39 to 97 percent of the total nitrate in the central part of the alluvial fan. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065062","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, J.M., 2006, Evaluation of hydrologic conditions and nitrate concentrations in the Rio Nigua de Salinas alluvial fan aquifer, Salinas, Puerto Rico, 2002-03: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5062, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065062.","productDescription":"38 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":538,"text":"Puerto Rico Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7719,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5062/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -66.03333333333333,18.55 ], [ -66.03333333333333,18 ], [ -66.05,18 ], [ -66.05,18.55 ], [ -66.03333333333333,18.55 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fad65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, Jose M. 0000-0002-4430-9929 jmrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-9929","contributorId":1318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Jose","email":"jmrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":76670,"text":"wdrOH051 - 2006 - Water resources data, Ohio, water year 2005 : Volume 1. Ohio River basin excluding project data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:23","indexId":"wdrOH051","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"OH-05-1","title":"Water resources data, Ohio, water year 2005 : Volume 1. Ohio River basin excluding project data","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrOH051","usgsCitation":"Mangus, J., and Frum, S., 2006, Water resources data, Ohio, water year 2005 : Volume 1. Ohio River basin excluding project data: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report OH-05-1, 325 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrOH051.","productDescription":"325 p.","numberOfPages":"325","temporalStart":"2004-10-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7721,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2005/wdr-oh-05/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0d27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mangus, J.P.","contributorId":28301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangus","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frum, S.R.","contributorId":84843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frum","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":76673,"text":"sir20055270 - 2006 - Continuous hydrologic simulation and flood-frequency, hydraulic, and flood-hazard analysis of the Blackberry Creek watershed, Kane County, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:23","indexId":"sir20055270","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5270","title":"Continuous hydrologic simulation and flood-frequency, hydraulic, and flood-hazard analysis of the Blackberry Creek watershed, Kane County, Illinois","docAbstract":"Results of hydrologic model, flood-frequency, hydraulic model, and flood-hazard analysis of the Blackberry Creek watershed in Kane County, Illinois, indicate that the 100-year and 500-year flood plains range from approximately 25 acres in the tributary F watershed (a headwater subbasin at the northeastern corner of the watershed) to almost 1,800 acres in Blackberry Creek main stem. Based on 1996 land-cover data, most of the land in the 100-year and 500-year flood plains was cropland, forested and wooded land, and grassland. A relatively small percentage of urban land was in the flood plains.\r\n\r\nThe Blackberry Creek watershed has undergone rapid urbanization in recent decades. The population and urbanized lands in the watershed are projected to double from the 1990 condition by 2020. Recently, flood-induced damage has occurred more frequently in urbanized areas of the watershed. There are concerns about the effect of urbanization on flood peaks and volumes, future flood-mitigation plans, and potential effects on the water quality and stream habitats. This report describes the procedures used in developing the hydrologic models, estimating the flood-peak discharge magnitudes and recurrence intervals for flood-hazard analysis, developing the hydraulic model, and the results of the analysis in graphical and tabular form.\r\n\r\nThe hydrologic model, Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF), was used to perform the simulation of continuous water movements through various patterns of land uses in the watershed. Flood-frequency analysis was applied to an annual maximum series to determine flood quantiles in subbasins for flood-hazard analysis. The Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) hydraulic model was used to determine the 100-year and 500-year flood elevations, and to determine the 100-year floodway. The hydraulic model was calibrated and verified using high water marks and observed inundation maps for the July 17-18, 1996, flood event. Digital maps of the 100-year and 500-year flood plains and the 100-year floodway for each tributary and the main stem of Blackberry Creek were compiled.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055270","usgsCitation":"Soong, D., Straub, T., and Murphy, E., 2006, Continuous hydrologic simulation and flood-frequency, hydraulic, and flood-hazard analysis of the Blackberry Creek watershed, Kane County, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5270, 78 p.; 1 map plate, 38 x 42 in.; 1 CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055270.","productDescription":"78 p.; 1 map plate, 38 x 42 in.; 1 CD-ROM","numberOfPages":"78","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7725,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":21,"text":"Referenced Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5270/pdf/hydraulictable.pdf","size":"1280","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":7726,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5270/pdf/plate.pdf","size":"160000","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":7724,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5270/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89,41 ], [ -89,42 ], [ -88,42 ], [ -88,41 ], [ -89,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689cba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soong, David T.","contributorId":87487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soong","given":"David T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Straub, Timothy D. 0000-0002-5896-0851 tdstraub@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-0851","contributorId":2273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"Timothy D.","email":"tdstraub@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":287577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":69660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":76671,"text":"wdrOH052 - 2006 - Water resources data, Ohio, water year 2005 : Volume 2. St. Lawrence River basin and statewide project data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:23","indexId":"wdrOH052","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"OH-05-2","title":"Water resources data, Ohio, water year 2005 : Volume 2. St. Lawrence River basin and statewide project data","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrOH052","usgsCitation":"Mangus, J., and Frum, S., 2006, Water resources data, Ohio, water year 2005 : Volume 2. St. Lawrence River basin and statewide project data: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report OH-05-2, 303 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrOH052.","productDescription":"303 p.","numberOfPages":"303","temporalStart":"2004-10-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7722,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2005/wdr-oh-05/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0d2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mangus, J.P.","contributorId":28301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangus","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frum, S.R.","contributorId":84843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frum","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":76667,"text":"fs20063048 - 2006 - Volatile organic compounds in the nation's ground water and drinking-water supply wells - a summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:20","indexId":"fs20063048","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3048","title":"Volatile organic compounds in the nation's ground water and drinking-water supply wells - a summary","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20063048","collaboration":"Companion product to a USGS Circular 1292.","usgsCitation":"Moran, M.J., Hamilton, P.A., and Zogorski, J.S., 2006, Volatile organic compounds in the nation's ground water and drinking-water supply wells - a summary: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3048, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063048.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3048.jpg"},{"id":7717,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3048/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8420,"rank":1000,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1292/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8421,"rank":1000,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3043/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd9f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, Michael J. mjmoran@usgs.gov","contributorId":1047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Michael","email":"mjmoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, Pixie A. pahamilt@usgs.gov","contributorId":1068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Pixie","email":"pahamilt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":287563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zogorski, John S. jszogors@usgs.gov","contributorId":189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"John","email":"jszogors@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":287561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":76669,"text":"sir20065027 - 2006 - Water resources of Carbon County, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T15:59:12","indexId":"sir20065027","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5027","title":"Water resources of Carbon County, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Carbon County is located in the south-central part of Wyoming and is the third largest county in the State. A study to describe the physical and chemical characteristics of surface-water and ground-water resources in Carbon County was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Wyoming State Engineer's Office. Evaluations of streamflow and stream-water quality were limited to analyses of historical data and descriptions of previous investigations. Surface-water data were not collected as part of the study. Forty-five ground-water-quality samples were collected as part of the study and the results from an additional 618 historical ground-water-quality samples were reviewed. Available hydrogeologic characteristics for various aquifers in hydrogeologic units throughout the county also are described.\r\n\r\nFlow characteristics of streams in Carbon County vary substantially depending on regional and local basin char-acteristics and anthropogenic factors. Precipitation in the county is variable with high mountainous areas receiving several times the annual precipitation of basin lowland areas. For this reason, streams with headwaters in mountainous areas generally are perennial, whereas most streams in the county with headwaters in basin lowland areas are ephemeral, flowing only as a result of regional or local rainfall or snowmelt runoff. Flow characteristics of most perennial streams are altered substantially by diversions and regulation.\r\n\r\nWater-quality characteristics of selected streams in and near Carbon County during water years 1966 through 1986 varied. Concentrations of dissolved constituents and suspended sediment were smallest at sites on streams with headwaters in mountainous areas because of resistant geologic units, large diluting streamflows, and increased vegetative cover compared to sites on streams with headwaters in basin lowlands.\r\n\r\nBoth water-table and artesian conditions occur in aquifers within the county. Shallow ground water is available throughout the county, although much of it is only marginally suitable or is unsuitable for domestic and irrigation uses mainly because of high total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations. Suitable ground water for livestock use is available in most areas of the county. Ground-water quality tends to deteriorate with increasing distance from recharge areas and with increasing depth below land surface. Ground water from depths greater than a few thousand feet tends to have TDS concentrations that make it moderately saline to briny. In some areas, even shallow ground water is moderately saline. Specific constituents in parts of some aquifers in the county occur in relatively high concentrations when compared to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standards; for example, relatively high concentrations of sulfate, chloride, fluoride, boron, iron, manganese, and radon were found in several aquifers.\r\n\r\nThe estimated mean daily water use in Carbon County in 2000 was about 320 million gallons per day. Water used for irrigation accounted for about 98 percent of this total. About 98 percent of the total water used was supplied by surface water and about 2 percent by ground water. Excluding irrigation, ground water comprised about 78 percent of total water use in Carbon County. Although ground water is used to a much lesser extent than surface water, in many areas of the county it is the only available water source.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065027","usgsCitation":"Bartos, T.T., Hallberg, L.L., Mason, J., Norris, J.R., and Miller, K.A., 2006, Water resources of Carbon County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5027, ix, 191 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065027.","productDescription":"ix, 191 p.","numberOfPages":"200","costCenters":[{"id":684,"text":"Wyoming Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":7720,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5027/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108,41 ], [ -108,42.833333333333336 ], [ -106,42.833333333333336 ], [ -106,41 ], [ -108,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2bd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartos, Timothy T. 0000-0003-1803-4375 ttbartos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1803-4375","contributorId":1826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartos","given":"Timothy","email":"ttbartos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hallberg, Laura L. 0000-0001-9983-8003 lhallber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9983-8003","contributorId":1825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallberg","given":"Laura","email":"lhallber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mason, Jon P.","contributorId":26758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"Jon P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Norris, Jodi R.","contributorId":43746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"Jodi","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Kirk A. 0000-0002-8141-2001 kmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8141-2001","contributorId":3959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kirk","email":"kmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70241575,"text":"70241575 - 2006 - Response to comment on “Parking lot sealcoat: An unrecognized source of urban polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons”","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-23T16:40:19.945782","indexId":"70241575","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-29T11:35:05","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5925,"text":"Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response to comment on “Parking lot sealcoat: An unrecognized source of urban polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons”","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.1021/es060585i","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., Van Metre, P.C., Wilson, J.T., Bashara, T.J., and Johns, D.A., 2006, Response to comment on “Parking lot sealcoat: An unrecognized source of urban polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons”: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 40, no. 11, p. 3659-3661, https://doi.org/10.1021/es060585i.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"3659","endPage":"3661","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C. 0000-0001-7564-9814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7564-9814","contributorId":211144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Jennifer T. 0000-0003-4481-6354 jenwilso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-6354","contributorId":1782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Jennifer","email":"jenwilso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bashara, T. J.","contributorId":51974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bashara","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johns, D. A.","contributorId":81690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johns","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":76664,"text":"ofr20061043 - 2006 - Chlorophyll a and inorganic suspended solids in backwaters of the upper Mississippi River system: Backwater lake effects and their associations with selected environmental predictors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:23","indexId":"ofr20061043","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1043","title":"Chlorophyll a and inorganic suspended solids in backwaters of the upper Mississippi River system: Backwater lake effects and their associations with selected environmental predictors","docAbstract":"The Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) uses a stratified random sampling design to obtain water quality statistics within selected study reaches of the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS). LTRMP sampling strata are based on aquatic area types generally found in large rivers (e.g., main channel, side channel, backwater, and impounded areas). For hydrologically well-mixed strata (i.e., main channel), variance associated with spatial scales smaller than the strata scale is a relatively minor issue for many water quality parameters. However, analysis of LTRMP water quality data has shown that within-strata variability at the strata scale is high in off-channel areas (i.e., backwaters). A portion of that variability may be associated with differences among individual backwater lakes (i.e., small and large backwater regions separated by channels) that cumulatively make up the backwater stratum. The objective of the statistical modeling presented here is to determine if differences among backwater lakes account for a large portion of the variance observed in the backwater stratum for selected parameters. If variance associated with backwater lakes is high, then inclusion of backwater lake effects within statistical models is warranted. Further, lakes themselves may represent natural experimental units where associations of interest to management may be estimated.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061043","collaboration":"Product of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program","usgsCitation":"Rogala, J.T., and Gray, B.R., 2006, Chlorophyll a and inorganic suspended solids in backwaters of the upper Mississippi River system: Backwater lake effects and their associations with selected environmental predictors: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1043, 2 p.: ill., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061043.","productDescription":"2 p.: ill.","startPage":"0","endPage":"2","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195696,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7714,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1043/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e252c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogala, James T. 0000-0002-1954-4097 jrogala@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1954-4097","contributorId":2651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogala","given":"James","email":"jrogala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, Brian R. 0000-0001-7682-9550 brgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-9550","contributorId":2615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Brian","email":"brgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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