{"pageNumber":"2441","pageRowStart":"61000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68807,"records":[{"id":1284,"text":"wsp2008 - 1972 - Sediment transport in a Mississippi River distributary — Bayou Lafourche, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-12T21:19:47.058194","indexId":"wsp2008","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008","title":"Sediment transport in a Mississippi River distributary — Bayou Lafourche, Louisiana","docAbstract":"The installation of a pumping plant at Donaldsonville, La., in 1955 to solve a \r\nwater-supply problem for the residents along Bayou Lafourche created a sedimentation problem in the bayou. Prior to 1904, when the bayou functioned as a distributary, floodflows periodically scoured the sediment deposited in the channel at lower stages. Nearly constant flows maintained by the pumping plant result in limited transport capacity to move the sediment imposed on the channel.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2008","usgsCitation":"Doyle, W., 1972, Sediment transport in a Mississippi River distributary — Bayou Lafourche, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2008, v, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2008.","productDescription":"v, 48 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":26247,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2008/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2008/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":410317,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25426.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Bayou Lafourche","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.069,\n 30.113\n ],\n [\n -91.069,\n 29.986\n ],\n [\n -90.976,\n 29.986\n ],\n [\n -90.976,\n 30.113\n ],\n [\n -91.069,\n 30.113\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbba7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doyle, W. Harry","contributorId":32900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"W. Harry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1131,"text":"wsp1880A - 1972 - Floods of August 1967 in east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-02T18:25:42.243603","indexId":"wsp1880A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1880","chapter":"A","title":"Floods of August 1967 in east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"East-central Alaska had record floods near Fairbanks following extensive rains of August 8-20, 1967. Precipitation during this period totaled as much as 10 inches, which is close to the average annual precipitation for this area. \r\n\r\nThe most extensive flooding occurred in the White Mountains northeast of Fairbanks and along the major streams draining those mountains. Some of the major streams flooded were the Salcha, Chena, Chatanika, Tolovana, and lower Tanana Rivers, and Birch Creek west of Circle. \r\n\r\nPeak discharges on some streams in the flood area were from two to four times the probable 50-year flood. The peak discharge of 74,400 cubic feet per second of the Chena River at Fairbanks, from 1,980 square miles of drainage area, was 2.6 times the 50-year flood. \r\n\r\nThe rise of ground-water levels in the Tanana River flood plain to the land surface during the flood caused foundation failures and prevented drainage of subsurface structures. Above-normal ground-water levels existed until the middle of September. \r\n\r\nTotal flood damage was estimated in excess of $85 million. Six lives were reported lost, and about 12,000 persons were evacuated during the flood. This report has been prepared to furnish hydrologic data for development planning. Included are discussions of antecedent streamflow, meteorology of the storm, descriptions of floods, flood damage, flood frequency, ground-water conditions, and stages and discharges of major streams for August 1967.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1880A","usgsCitation":"Childers, J.M., Meckel, J.P., and Anderson, G.S., 1972, Floods of August 1967 in east-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1880, Report: vi, 77 p.; 2 Plates: 31.00 x 24.29 inches and 40.00 x 24.14 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1880A.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 77 p.; 2 Plates: 31.00 x 24.29 inches and 40.00 x 24.14 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411246,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25104.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":25910,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1880a/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25909,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1880a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25911,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1880a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137946,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1880a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Fairbanks","otherGeospatial":"White Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147.976,\n 64.872\n ],\n [\n -147.976,\n 64.777\n ],\n [\n -147.5,\n 64.777\n ],\n [\n -147.5,\n 64.872\n ],\n [\n -147.976,\n 64.872\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e052d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Childers, Joseph M.","contributorId":14379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childers","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meckel, James P.","contributorId":54174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meckel","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Gary S.","contributorId":36534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2235,"text":"wsp1999O - 1972 - Water quality of streams in the Neshaminy Creek basin, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-21T11:05:09","indexId":"wsp1999O","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1999","chapter":"O","title":"Water quality of streams in the Neshaminy Creek basin, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The Neshaminy has carved a scenic route on its way to the Delaware River, thereby helping to increase the value of land. The unabated growth of nearby metropolitan areas and the multiplying needs for water and open space for water storage and recreation in southeastern Pennsylvania have become impelling forces that mark the Neshaminy valley watershed for continued development of its land and water resources. Toward this end the Neshaminy Valley Watershed Association, Inc., which came into existence June 13, 1956, is one of several organizations dedicated to land and water-resources development in the Neshaminy Creek basin. The principal objectives of the Neshaminy Valley Watershed Association are (1) to provide for future water-supply and recreation needs, (2) to safeguard against flood and drought damage, (3) to decrease stream pollution, (4) to preserve wildlife and natural beauty, (5) to reduce soil erosion and siltation, 96) to reforest marginal land, and (7) to improve and protect existing woodland.\r\n\r\n This study shows that there is a wide variance in water quality between the West Branch and the North Branch of the Neshaminy. However, the study shows no significant difference between the chemical composition of the Little Neshaminy Creek and the main stream before they come together at Rushland. Just beyond their confluence the main stream has drained more than half its total drainage area. The average flow of the stream at this location is about 85 percent of the average flow at Langhorne.\r\n\r\n The continued presence of game fish in most of Neshaminy Creek indicates a degree of water purity that characterizes this stream as suitable for recreation. However, during the summer and early fall, several small streams feeding the Neshaminy go dry. The diminished flow during these periods and during prolonged drought impairs stream quality by causing a greater concentration of dissolved solids in water. The relatively inferior water during low-flow periods, therefore, necessitates providing more water of good quality to reservoirs for emergency releases, not only to augment supply to users in needful downstream areas but also to improve stream quality by dilution.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1999O","usgsCitation":"McCarren, E.F., 1972, Water quality of streams in the Neshaminy Creek basin, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1999, iv, 33 p. :illus. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1999O.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p. :illus. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999o/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27994,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999o/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f10a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarren, Edward F.","contributorId":106472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarren","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2573,"text":"wsp2003 - 1972 - Availability of ground water for irrigation from glacial outwash in the Perham area, Otter Tail County, Minnesota","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55927,"text":"ofr69216 - 1969 - Ground water for irrigation in the Perhem area, Otter Tail County, west-central Minnesota","indexId":"ofr69216","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Ground water for irrigation in the Perhem area, Otter Tail County, west-central Minnesota"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2573,"text":"wsp2003 - 1972 - Availability of ground water for irrigation from glacial outwash in the Perham area, Otter Tail County, Minnesota","indexId":"wsp2003","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Availability of ground water for irrigation from glacial outwash in the Perham area, Otter Tail County, Minnesota"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T11:04:32","indexId":"wsp2003","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003","title":"Availability of ground water for irrigation from glacial outwash in the Perham area, Otter Tail County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"

The Perham study area includes about 350 square miles of surficial deposits of glacial outwash in the central part of Otter Tail County in west-central Minnesota. The aquifer characteristics have a wide range, as follows: Transmissivity values range from nearly 0 along the perimeter of the area to more than 100,000 gallons per day per foot in the central parts of the area; storage coefficient values range from 0.1 to 0.2; and the saturated thickness of the upper outwash material ranges from nearly 0 to more than 100 feet. Most of the aquifer material is fairly well sorted and is in the particle-size range of fine to coarse sand.

\n

Wells penetrating the full thickness of the aquifer and developed to 100 percent efficiency can be expected to yield 1,200 gallons per minute for 30 days and to have drawdowns of less than two-thirds the aquifer thickness in much of the area; however, well yields vary widely within short distances. Yields of 300 gallons per minute or less can be expected from wells drilled near the edges of the area and in the general area east and southeast of Otter Tail Lake.

\n

Results from the mathematical analyses show that the amount of streamflow leaving the area will not be depleted within the 10-year analysis period, if not more than 6 inches of water per year is used on all the irrigable land in the outwash area. If pumpage and its effects on the streams is assumed to be prorated proportionately along the full length of the streams within the area, then the levels of lakes along these streams generally will not be lowered appreciably. However, owing to the heterogeneity of the aquifer and the other variable factors involved, some reaches of the streams may cease to flow when full ground-water development is approached, which, in turn, would result in a decline in some lake levels. Lakes and ponds not connected to streams in the area are expected to be lowered considerably or to be dried up completely as pumping becomes more extensive in years to come.

\n

If irrigation wells and other large-yield wells in the study area are spaced 1 mile or more away from streams and lakes, the effect of ground-water pumping on the streams will be small, and the lake levels will be affected very little. However, the lakes and ponds are expected to approach normal levels during periods of above-normal precipitation and during periods of no pumping.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the West Central Minnesota Resource Conservation and Development Committee and the Minnesota Department of Conservation, Division of Waters, Soils, and Minerals","usgsCitation":"Reeder, H.O., 1972, Availability of ground water for irrigation from glacial outwash in the Perham area, Otter Tail County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2003, Document: v, 45 p.; 3 Plates: 34 x 26 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2003.","productDescription":"Document: v, 45 p.; 3 Plates: 34 x 26 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":28845,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2003/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28846,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2003/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28847,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28844,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2003/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2003/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Otter Tail County","otherGeospatial":"Perham area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.95,\n 46.7\n ],\n [\n -95.95,\n 46.166667\n ],\n [\n -95.35,\n 46.166667\n ],\n [\n -95.35,\n 46.7\n ],\n [\n -95.95,\n 46.7\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667dbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeder, Harold O.","contributorId":14381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeder","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2514,"text":"wsp2025 - 1972 - Glossary of selected terms useful in studies of the mechanics of aquifer systems and land subsidence due to fluid withdrawal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:27","indexId":"wsp2025","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025","title":"Glossary of selected terms useful in studies of the mechanics of aquifer systems and land subsidence due to fluid withdrawal","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2025","usgsCitation":"Poland, J.F., Lofgren, B.E., and Riley, F.S., 1972, Glossary of selected terms useful in studies of the mechanics of aquifer systems and land subsidence due to fluid withdrawal: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2025, iv, 9 p. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2025.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2025/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28696,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2025/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db67473a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poland, J. F.","contributorId":64223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lofgren, B. E.","contributorId":42579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lofgren","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riley, Francis S.","contributorId":93028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"Francis","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2510,"text":"wsp2009B - 1972 - Hydrologic interpretations based on infrared imagery of Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:27","indexId":"wsp2009B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009","chapter":"B","title":"Hydrologic interpretations based on infrared imagery of Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"Six remote-sensing flights over Long Island's north and south shores were made during the period July 13, 1967, to February 25, 1970. Infrared imagery in the 8- to 14-micrometer range was obtained; results varied from poor to excellent in quality. \r\n\r\nThe ability of the RS 7 and Reconofax IV imagers to discern thermal contrasts of as little .as 1 ? to 2?C (Celsius) permitted identification of areas of heavy ground-water discharge. These areas were concentrated primarily along the eroded headlands of the north shore and in the lower reaches of watercourses draining into Great South Bay. Only a few highly localized examples of direct ground-water discharge into the embankments ,along Long Island's south shore were detected in the imagery. \r\n\r\nThermal loading emanating from a powerplant near Oceanside is shown to be quickly dissipated in Middle Bay. Specific examples show that infrared imagery may ,also be used to identify circulation patterns, ice cover, changes in stream-temperature regimen, and the location of sewer outfalls. Optimal time for the collection of infrared imagery for hydrologic studies on Long Island is in summer and in winter, when surface-water thermal differences are relatively large.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2009B","usgsCitation":"Pluhowski, E.J., 1972, Hydrologic interpretations based on infrared imagery of Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2009, iv B 1-B 20 p. :illus. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2009B.","productDescription":"iv B 1-B 20 p. :illus. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2009b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28663,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2009b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606a7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pluhowski, Edward J.","contributorId":87911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pluhowski","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1349,"text":"wsp1798I - 1972 - Fluvial sediment in Hocking River subwatershed 1 (North Branch Hunters Run), Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:13","indexId":"wsp1798I","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1798","chapter":"I","title":"Fluvial sediment in Hocking River subwatershed 1 (North Branch Hunters Run), Ohio","docAbstract":"From May 1956 to May 1962, Hocking River subwatershed 1 of Upper Hocking River Pilot Watershed had an average annual sediment yield from its contributing area of 0.94 square mile of 1,195 tons per square mile. Annual suspended-sediment yield at the outlet, expressed in tons per acre-foot of outflow, decreased from 0.45 in the 1957 water year to 0.10 in the 1962 water year, reflecting a decrease in sediment yield from the 1.04-squaremile drainage area above detention structure 1. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1798I","usgsCitation":"Flint, R., 1972, Fluvial sediment in Hocking River subwatershed 1 (North Branch Hunters Run), Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1798, iv, 23 p. :illus. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1798I.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p. :illus. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1798i/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26424,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1798i/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aea7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, R.F.","contributorId":39761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2844,"text":"wsp2000 - 1972 - Water for a rapidly growing urban community — Oakland County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T21:59:00.124099","indexId":"wsp2000","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000","title":"Water for a rapidly growing urban community — Oakland County, Michigan","docAbstract":"

Oakland County, an area of 899 square miles, is in southeastern Michigan. The southern part of the county is overlapped by the suburbs of the city of Detroit.

In 1970, about 850,000 people were living in the county and using about 100 million gallons of water a day. More than 80 percent of the water used for large industrial and municipal supplies came from Detroit's water system.

The average annual rate of streamflow from the county is about 370 million gallons per day (575 cubic feet per second). Median annual 7-day low flows range from 0 to 0.25 cfs per square mile. Low flows can be augmented by more than 60,000 acre-feet of water captured during high streamflow by construction of small reservoirs at 21 inventoried sites.

Glacial deposits and the Marshall Sandstone are the prime sources of ground water. Most wells that penetrate the full thickness of glacial deposits in the northwestern part of the county will yield at least 50 gpm (gallons per minute), and many will yield more than 400 gpm. The Marshall Sandstone, which occurs only in the Holly area, is capable of yielding more than 1,000 gpm.

The chemical quality of both surface and ground water is relatively good throughout the county. Only in the southern part of the county is the dissolved solids above the acceptable standard of 500 milligrams per liter.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2000","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Oakland County and the State of Michigan","usgsCitation":"Twenter, F.R., and Knutilla, R., 1972, Water for a rapidly growing urban community — Oakland County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2000, ix, 150 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2000.","productDescription":"ix, 150 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wsp2000.JPG"},{"id":392975,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25468.htm"},{"id":38,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wsp2000/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Oakland County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-83.4546,42.8798],[-83.2227,42.887],[-83.1025,42.8884],[-83.0986,42.801],[-83.0905,42.6238],[-83.0867,42.5355],[-83.0843,42.4463],[-83.3264,42.4416],[-83.4403,42.4393],[-83.553,42.4351],[-83.6669,42.4312],[-83.6733,42.5196],[-83.6863,42.7822],[-83.6902,42.871],[-83.5737,42.8744],[-83.4541,42.8766],[-83.4546,42.8798]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Oakland\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ac69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twenter, F. 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L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2764,"text":"wsp1873F - 1972 - Determination of mass balance and entrainment in the stratified Duwamish River Estuary, King County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:28","indexId":"wsp1873F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1873","chapter":"F","title":"Determination of mass balance and entrainment in the stratified Duwamish River Estuary, King County, Washington","docAbstract":"During a study of the effects of waste-water input on the stratified Duwamish River estuary, intensive water-velocity and salinity measurements were made in both the lower salt wedge and the upper fresher water layer for tidal-cycle periods. The net movement of water and salt mass past a cross section during a tidal cycle was determined from integration of the measured rates of movement of water and salt past the section. The net volume of water that moved downstream past the section during the cycle agreed with the volume of fresh-water inflow at the head of the estuary within (1) 3.8 and 7.2 percent, respectively, for two studies made during periods of maximum and minimum tidal-prism thickness and identical inflow rates .of 312 cfs (cubic feet per second), and (2) 15 percent for one study made during a period of average tidal-prism thickness and an inflow rate of 1,280 cfs. For the three studies, the difference between salt mass transported upstream and downstream during the cycles ranged from 0.8 to 19 percent of the respective mean salt-mass transport. Water was entrained from the .salt-water wedge into the overlying layer of mixed fresh and salt water at tidal-cycle-average rates of 30 and 69 cfs per million square feet of interface for the inflow rates of 312 cfs, and 99 cfs per million square feet of interface for an inflow rate of 1,280 cfs. At a constant inflow rate, the rate of entrainment of salt-wedge water in the Duwamish River estuary more than doubled for a doubling of tidal-prism thickness. It also doubled for a quadrupling of inflow rate at about constant tidal-prism thickness.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1873F","usgsCitation":"Stoner, J., 1972, Determination of mass balance and entrainment in the stratified Duwamish River Estuary, King County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1873, iii, 17 p. :illus. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1873F.","productDescription":"iii, 17 p. :illus. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1873f/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29199,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1873f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6677b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoner, J.D.","contributorId":58261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoner","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2991,"text":"wsp1532F - 1972 - Appraisal of stream sedimentation in the Susquehanna River basin","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55882,"text":"ofr68330 - 1968 - Preliminary appraisal of stream sedimentation in the Susquehanna River basin","indexId":"ofr68330","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary appraisal of stream sedimentation in the Susquehanna River basin"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2991,"text":"wsp1532F - 1972 - Appraisal of stream sedimentation in the Susquehanna River basin","indexId":"wsp1532F","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","title":"Appraisal of stream sedimentation in the Susquehanna River basin"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T11:20:20","indexId":"wsp1532F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1532","chapter":"F","title":"Appraisal of stream sedimentation in the Susquehanna River basin","docAbstract":"

The Susquehanna River presently transports about 3.0 million tons of sediment annually (110 tons per square mile). Only about 1.8 million tons of sediment enters the head of Chesapeake Bay annually because some sediment is trapped behind the power dams on the lower Susquehanna. Measured annual sediment yields from subbasins in the Susquehanna range from 40 to 440 tons per square mile. The highest yields are from parts of the glaciated section of the basin, in the anthracite coal region, and the Piedmont province. The lowest yields are from parts of the glaciated section of the basin and the Appalachian high plateau. Available data indicate that there has been a downward trend of sediment discharge in recent years. In the future, the high sediment yields associated with urbanization may offset this present downward trend.

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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a359","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Kenneth F.","contributorId":37315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Lloyd A.","contributorId":79861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Lloyd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1350,"text":"wsp1798K - 1972 - Fluvial sediment in Salem Fork watershed, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:13","indexId":"wsp1798K","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1798","chapter":"K","title":"Fluvial sediment in Salem Fork watershed, West Virginia","docAbstract":"Suspended sediment discharged from the 8.32-square-mile Salem Fork study area in Harrison County, W. Va., averaged 3,500 tons per year during the first 4-year period of investigation and 1,770 tons per year during the second 4-year period. The difference \r\nas attributed to increased flow control, effected by the completion of detention structures and other conservation measures, the absence of appreciable sediment-producing construction activities, and a reduction of the amounts of rainfall and runoff during the second 4-year period. Particle-size distribution of the suspended sediment discharged from the watershed remained unchanged during the two 4-year periods. Although sand and some silt were deposited in upstream reservoirs, sands and other sediments were evidently entrained in the flow below the reservoirs. \r\n\r\nDuring the 7.75-year period, reservoir 11A had a trap efficiency of 88 percent. The average annual sediment yield of subwatershed 11A was 1.31 tons per acre, or 837 tons per square mile. Outflow from reservoir 11A occurred during 81 percent of the investigation 'period, October 1954 to June 1962, and 78 percent of the sediment discharge from the reservoir occurred during less than 6 percent of the investigation period. A comparison of particle-size distribution of inflow sediment with that of outflow sediment revealed that practically all sands and some silts entering reservoir 11A were deposited in the reservoir. Chemical analyses of inflow water and the particle-size analyses suggested that flocculation of fine sediments occurred in the reservoir. Analysis of the sediment data collected at the outflow of reservoir 9 during 1956-62 revealed that the average annual sediment discharge was 128,000 pounds per year. Limited particle-size data suggested that practically no sand was discharged from reservoir 9, even though the inflow contained sand. Average annual inflow to reservoirs 11A and 9 compared favorably with average annual runoff for the entire watershed-study area.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1798K","usgsCitation":"Flint, R., 1972, Fluvial sediment in Salem Fork watershed, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1798, iv, K1-K29 p. :illus. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1798K.","productDescription":"iv, K1-K29 p. :illus. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1798k/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26425,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1798k/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4883e4b07f02db517721","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, R.F.","contributorId":39761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":246,"text":"wsp1970B - 1972 - Summary of floods in the United States during 1968","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:06","indexId":"wsp1970B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1970","chapter":"B","title":"Summary of floods in the United States during 1968","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1970B","usgsCitation":"Rostvedt, J., 1972, Summary of floods in the United States during 1968: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1970, v, 73 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1970B.","productDescription":"v, 73 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1970b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24853,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1970b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699265","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rostvedt, J.O.","contributorId":24757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostvedt","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2352,"text":"wsp1608N - 1972 - Electric analog studies of flow to wells in the Punjab aquifer of West Pakistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:20","indexId":"wsp1608N","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1608","chapter":"N","title":"Electric analog studies of flow to wells in the Punjab aquifer of West Pakistan","docAbstract":"A series of experiments was performed with a steady-state electric analog simulating a cylindrical segment of the aquifer underlying the plains of the Punjab region of West Pakistan. In most of the experiments recharge was assumed to be from the surface, within a specified radius of influence, and distributed uniformly over the area within this radius. Experiments were made with different anisotropies (ratios of lateral to vertical resistance) so that various possible combinations of aquifer thickness and effective radius or radius of influence and combinations .of lateral and vertical permeability could be included in the models. Flow nets were constructed to show distribution of potential in the vertical section and intersections of stream surfaces with the vertical plane. \r\n\r\nThe series of experiments in which the screened interval is in the upper part of the aquifer shows that flow decreases and stream tubes shift progressively toward the upper part of the aquifer as anisotropy increases. \r\n\r\nAnother series illustrates that total yield increases and yield per foot of screen decreases as screen length increases. \r\n\r\nThe experiments indicate that, under conditions prevalent in the Punjab, the Distance-drawdown method for determining permeability gives results with an error of 10 percent or less provided that at least one piezometer or observation well is within a few feet of the pumped well and that no observation well or piezometer used is more than 100 feet from the pumped well. \r\n\r\nRelative traveltime for each of 10 stream tubes is given for three models. Relative traveltimes for one-fourth and one-half the effective radius are given for selected stream tubes. By substituting values for the aquifer parameters, actual traveltimes are computed from the relative-traveltime data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"United States Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1608N","usgsCitation":"Mundorff, M.J., Bennett, G., and Ahmad, M., 1972, Electric analog studies of flow to wells in the Punjab aquifer of West Pakistan: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1608, iv, 28 p. :illus. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1608N.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p. :illus. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137770,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608n/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28277,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608n/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28278,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608n/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60eee0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mundorff, Maurice John","contributorId":41404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mundorff","given":"Maurice","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, G.D.","contributorId":81073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ahmad, Masood","contributorId":57438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahmad","given":"Masood","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2142,"text":"wsp1988 - 1972 - Definitions of selected ground-water terms, revisions and conceptual refinements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T10:52:28","indexId":"wsp1988","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1988","title":"Definitions of selected ground-water terms, revisions and conceptual refinements","docAbstract":"

For many years there has been a need for redefinition or more precise definition of certain ground-water terms used in publications by members of the U.S . Geological Survey. Another problem has been the expression of the coefficient of permeability (herein redefined as hydraulic conductivity) and the coefficient of transmissibility (herein redefined as transmissivity) in inconsistent units that included the U.S . gallon, the foot, and in some expressions, the mile. Such inconsistent units and the attendant confusing numerical conversion factors used in flow equations, such as 527.7, 264, and 114.6, makes it unnecessarily difficult for hydrologists, especially in foreign countries, to follow and use our published results. Because of this it is advisable that basic ground-water flow equations in publications by members of the Geological Survey contain only the pure dimensionless numbers that result from the derivation of the equations, such as 2, 2.30, e, π , and 4, and that numerical results having dimensions should be expressed in consistent units of measurement.

\n

If in the solution of problems it is necessary or desirable to use inconsistent units, suitable conversion factors should be included so that the result is expressed in consistent units of length and time. For example, if a discharge rate is given in U.S. gallons per minute, conversion factors such as 7.48 gal ft-3 and 1,440 min day-1 should be included. Many hydrologists in English-speaking countries including the United States are already using consistent units in the fps, cgs, or mks systems of measurement.

\n

To meet the growing need for consistency, J. T. Callahan, then acting chief, Ground Water Branch, in a memoradum of October 21, 1965, appointed the Committee on Redefinition of Ground-Water Terms.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1988","usgsCitation":"Lohman, S.W., 1972, Definitions of selected ground-water terms, revisions and conceptual refinements: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1988, vi, 21 p. ;22 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1988.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p. ;22 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321999,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wsp1988.GIF"},{"id":23,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wsp1988/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db67248b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohman, Stanley William","contributorId":53361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohman","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1217,"text":"wsp1999H - 1972 - Subsurface geology of the late Tertiary and Quaternary water-bearing deposits of the southern part of the San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:17","indexId":"wsp1999H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1999","chapter":"H","title":"Subsurface geology of the late Tertiary and Quaternary water-bearing deposits of the southern part of the San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"The study area, which includes about 5,000 square miles of the southern part of the San Joaquin Valley, is a broad structural trough of mostly interior drainage. The Sierra Nevada on the east is composed of consolidated igneous and metamorphic rocks of pre-Tertiary age. The surface of these rocks slopes 4?-6? southwestward from the foothills and underlies the valley. The Coast Ranges on the west consist mostly of complexly folded and faulted consolidated marine and nonmarine sedimentary rocks of Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary age, which dip eastward and overlie the basement complex. Unconsolidated deposits, of late Pliocene to Holocene age, blanket the underlying consolidated rocks in the valley and are the source of most of the fresh ground water. The unconsolidated deposits, the subject of this report, are divided into informal stratigraphic units on the basis of source of sediment, environment of deposition, and texture. \r\n\r\nFlood-basin, lacustrine, and marsh deposits are fine grained and underlie the valley trough. They range in age from late Pliocene to Holocene. These deposits, consisting of nearly impermeable gypsiferous fine sand, silt, and clay, are more than 3,000 feet thick beneath parts of Tulare Lake bed. In other parts of the trough, flood-basin, lacustrine, and marsh deposits branch into clayey or silty clay tongues designated by the letter symbols A to F. Three of these tongues, the E, C, and A clays, lie beneath large areas of the southern part of the valley. \r\n\r\nThe E clay includes the Corcoran Clay Member of the Tulare Formation, the most extensive hydrologic confining layer in the valley. The E clay underlies about 3,500 square miles of bottom land and western slopes. The beds generally are dark-greenish-gray mostly diatomaceous silty clay of Pleistocene age. Marginally, the unit bifurcates into an upper and a lower stratum that contains thin beds of moderately yellowish-brown silt and sand. The E clay is warped into broad, gentle northwesterly trending anticlines and synclines. \r\n\r\nThe C clay, of Pleistocene age, is a fine-grained lacustrine or paludal deposit occurring 220-300 feet beneath Tulare Lake bed and parts of Fresno Slough. The beds consist of bluish-gray silty clay. Structural contours indicate that the C clay has been extensively warped and folded. \r\n\r\nThe A clay of Pleistocene and Holocene (?) age is a fine-grained lacustrine or paludal deposit occurring 10-60 feet beneath Buena Vista, Kern, and Tulare Lake beds, and parts of Fresno Slough. The clay is mainly blue or dark greenish gray, plastic, and highly organic. In some areas the unit is separated into an upper and a lower stratum by several feet of sand. A radiocarbon date of 26,780 ? 600 years was obtained from wood cored 3 feet beneath the clay. \r\n\r\nContinental deposits are arkosic beds of late Pliocene and Pleistocene (?) age and were derived from the Sierra Nevada, Tehachapi, and San Emigdio Mountains. In places, a reduced-oxidized contact transgresses the deposits derived from the Sierra Nevada. The reduced deposits consist of moderately permeable bluish-green or bluish-gray fine to medium sand, silt, and clay. The oxidized deposits consist mainly of poorly permeable yellowish-brown silt and fine sand. Deposits derived from the Tehachapi and the San Emigdio Mountains consist of poorly to moderately permeable yellowish-brown sand and silt. Continental and alluvial deposits of Tertiary and Quaternary age that were derived from the Coast Ranges consist mainly of poorly to moderately permeable yellowish-brown gravel, sand, silt, and clay. They include the Tulare Formation and overlying alluvial deposits. \r\n\r\nAlluvium is composed of coarse arkosic deposits derived from the Sierra Nevada, Tehachapi, and San Emigdio Mountains. A reduced-oxidized contact also transgresses the alluvial deposits derived from the Sierra Nevada. The oxidized deposits consist of poorly to highly permeable yellowish-brown gravel, sand, silt, and clay. The reduc","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1999H","usgsCitation":"Croft, M., 1972, Subsurface geology of the late Tertiary and Quaternary water-bearing deposits of the southern part of the San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1999, iv, 29 p. :illus. and portfolio (6 plates) ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1999H.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p. :illus. and portfolio (6 plates) ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999h/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26116,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999h/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26117,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999h/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26118,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999h/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26119,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999h/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26120,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999h/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26121,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999h/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26122,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999h/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699a52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Croft, M.G.","contributorId":55413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croft","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2323,"text":"wsp2005 - 1972 - Model hydrographs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:19","indexId":"wsp2005","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005","title":"Model hydrographs","docAbstract":"Model hydrographs are composed of pairs of dimensionless ratios, arrayed in tabular form, which, when modified by the appropriate values of rainfall exceed and by the time and areal characteristics of the drainage basin, satisfactorily represent the flood hydrograph for the basin. \r\n\r\nModel bydrographs are developed from a dimensionless translation hydrograph, having a time base of T hours and appropriately modified for storm duration by routing through reservoir storage, S=kOx. Models fall into two distinct classes: (1) those for which the value of x is unity and which have all the characteristics of true unit hydrographs and (2) those for which the value of x is other than unity and to which the unit-hydrograph principles of proportionality and superposition do not apply. \r\n\r\nTwenty-six families of linear models and eight families of nonlinear models in tabular form from the principal subject of this report. Supplemental discussions describe the development of the models and illustrate their application. Other sections of the report, supplemental to the tables, describe methods of determining the hydrograph characteristics, T, k, and x, both from observed hydrograph and from the physical characteristics of the drainage basin. \r\n\r\nFive illustrative examples of use show that the models, when properly converted to incorporate actual rainfall excess and the time and areal characteristics of the drainage basins, do indeed satisfactorily represent the observed flood hydrographs for the basins.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2005","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, W.D., 1972, Model hydrographs: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2005, v, 85 p. :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2005.","productDescription":"v, 85 p. :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2005/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28165,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2005/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699a2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitchell, W. D.","contributorId":93023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2630,"text":"wsp1880C - 1972 - Summary of floods in the United States during 1967","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-02T13:25:31","indexId":"wsp1880C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1880","chapter":"C","title":"Summary of floods in the United States during 1967","docAbstract":"

This report describes the most outstanding floods in the United States during 1967. The two most destructive floods occurred in August in east-central Alaska and in September and October in southern Texas. In east-central Alaska, heavy rain on August 8-17 produced record-breaking floods near Fairbanks. Peak discharges on some streams in the area were from two to four times the 50-yea.r flood. Flood damage was estimated to have been $85 million, and six lives were lost. Torrential rains produced by Hurricane Beulah caused record-breaking floods on many streams in a 50,000-square-mile area in southern Texas and northeastern Mexico in September and October. As much as 25.5 inches of rain was measured at ESSA Weather Bureau stations in the period September 19-25. Major flooding occurred in the basins of the Guadalupe, San Antonio, Mission, Arkansas, and Nueces Rivers and in many small coastal basins in Texas ; on the Rio Grande and its floodways ; and in the Rio Alamo and Rio San Juan basins in Mexico. Peak discharges at several sites in Texas were more than three times the magnitude of a 50-year flood. Total damage in Texas due to wind, rain, stream flooding, sheet flow, ponding, and tidal flooding was $167 million. In addition to the two floods mentioned above, 27 others of lesser magnitude are considered important enough to be included in this annual flood summary.

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States\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6992ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rostvedt, J.O.","contributorId":24757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostvedt","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2027,"text":"wsp1586J - 1972 - Tracer simulation study of potential solute movement in Port Royal Sound, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T09:39:10","indexId":"wsp1586J","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1586","chapter":"J","title":"Tracer simulation study of potential solute movement in Port Royal Sound, South Carolina","docAbstract":"A tracer study was conducted in Port Royal Sound to simulate the movement and ultimate pattern of concentration of a solute continuously injected into the flow. A total of 750 pounds of Rhodamine WT dye was injected by boat during a period of 24.8 hours in a line across the Colleton River. During the following 43 days, samples of water were taken at selected points in the sound, and the concentration of dye in the samples was determined by fluorometric analysis. \r\n\r\nThe data obtained in the field study were used with theoretical models to compute the ultimate pattern of concentration of nonconservative and conservative solutes for a hypothetical continuous injection at the site on the Colleton River.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1586J","usgsCitation":"Kilpatrick, F.A., and Cummings, T.R., 1972, Tracer simulation study of potential solute movement in Port Royal Sound, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1586, iv, 27 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1586J.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":27500,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1586j/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1586j/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Port Royal Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.9637451171875,\n 32.16166284018013\n ],\n [\n -80.321044921875,\n 32.16166284018013\n ],\n [\n -80.321044921875,\n 32.648625783736726\n ],\n [\n -80.9637451171875,\n 32.648625783736726\n ],\n [\n -80.9637451171875,\n 32.16166284018013\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6271d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kilpatrick, F. A.","contributorId":22319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilpatrick","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cummings, T. Ray","contributorId":20722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cummings","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1801,"text":"wsp1542B - 1972 - Accuracy of low-flow characteristics estimated by correlation of base-flow measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:15","indexId":"wsp1542B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1542","chapter":"B","title":"Accuracy of low-flow characteristics estimated by correlation of base-flow measurements","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1542B","usgsCitation":"Hardison, C.H., and Moss, M.E., 1972, Accuracy of low-flow characteristics estimated by correlation of base-flow measurements: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1542, iv, 35-55 p. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1542B.","productDescription":"iv, 35-55 p. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1542b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26956,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1542b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a3561","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardison, Clayton H.","contributorId":46073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardison","given":"Clayton","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moss, Marshall E.","contributorId":6830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moss","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2081,"text":"wsp1899M - 1972 - Geohydrologic summary of the Pearl River basin, Mississippi and Louisiana","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":56144,"text":"ofr5942 - 1959 - Low-flow analysis of Pearl River at Jackson, Mississippi","indexId":"ofr5942","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"title":"Low-flow analysis of Pearl River at Jackson, Mississippi"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2081,"text":"wsp1899M - 1972 - Geohydrologic summary of the Pearl River basin, Mississippi and Louisiana","indexId":"wsp1899M","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"chapter":"M","title":"Geohydrologic summary of the Pearl River basin, Mississippi and Louisiana"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:23","indexId":"wsp1899M","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1899","chapter":"M","title":"Geohydrologic summary of the Pearl River basin, Mississippi and Louisiana","docAbstract":"Fresh water in abundance is contained in large artesian reservoirs in sand and gravel deposits of Tertiary and Quaternary ages in the Pearl River basin, a watershed of 8,760 square miles. Shallow, water-table reservoirs occur in Quarternary deposits (Pleistocene and Holocene) that blanket most of the uplands in .the southern half of the basin and that are present in smaller upland areas and along streams elsewhere. The shallow reservoirs contribute substantially to dry-weather flow of the Strong River and Bogue Chitto and of Holiday, Lower Little, Silver, and Whitesand Creeks, among others. About 3 billion acre-feet of ground water is in storage in the fresh-water section, which extends from the surface to depths ranging from about sea level in the extreme northern part of the basin to more than 3,000 feet below sea level in the southern part of the basin. \r\n\r\nVariations in low flow for different parts of the river basin are closely related to geologic terrane and occurrence of ground water. The upland terrace belt that crosses the south-central part of the basin is underlain by permeable sand and gravel deposits and yields more than 0.20 cubic feet per second per square mile of drainage area to streamflow, whereas the northern part of the basin, underlain by clay, marl, and fine to medium sand, yields less than 0.05 cubic feet per second per square mile of drainage area (based on 7-day Q2 minimum flow computed from records). Overall, the potential surface-water supplies are large. \r\n\r\nBecause water is available at shallow depths, most of the deeper aquifers have not been developed anywhere in the basin. At many places in the south, seven or more aquifers could be developed either by tapping one sand in each well or by screening two or more sands in a single well. Well fields each capable, of producing several million gallons of water a day are feasible nearly anywhere in the Pearl River basin. \r\n\r\nWater in nearly all the aquifers is of good to excellent quality and requires little or no treatment for most uses. The water is a soft, sodium bicarbonate type and therefore has a low to moderate dissolved-solids content. Mineral content increases generally downdip in an aquifer. Excessive iron, common in shallow aquifers, is objectionable for some water uses. Water from the streams, except in salty tidal reaches, is less mineralized than ground water; in 10 sites the median dissolved-solids content in streamflow was 50 milligrams per liter or less. \r\n\r\nModerately intensive ground-water development has been made in the Bogalusa area, Louisiana; at the Mississippi Test Facility, Hancock County, Miss. ; and in the Jackson area, Mississippi. Wells with pumping rates of 500 to 1,000 gallons per minute each are common throughout the Pearl River basin, and some deep wells flow more than 3,000 gallons per minute in the coastal lowland areas. Probably 20 million gallons per day of artesian water flows uncontrolled from wells in the southern part of the basin. Ground-water levels, except in the higher altitudes, are within 60 feet of the surface, and flowing wells are common in the valleys and in the coastal Pine Meadows. Decline of water level is a problem in only a few small areas. \r\n\r\nSaline water as a resource is available for development from aquifers and streams near the coast and from aquifers at considerable depth in most of the Pearl River basin. Pollution is a problem in oil fields and in reaches of some streams below sewage and other waste-disposal points. The basin estuary contains water of variable quality but has potential for certain water-use developments that will require special planning and management.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1899M","usgsCitation":"Lang, J.W., 1972, Geohydrologic summary of the Pearl River basin, Mississippi and Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1899, iv, 44 p. :illus. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1899M.","productDescription":"iv, 44 p. :illus. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110039,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25125.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25125"},{"id":138153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1899m/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27641,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1899m/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27642,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1899m/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27643,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1899m/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247102,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1899m/plate-table_1.pdf","size":"1286","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8dfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lang, Joseph W.","contributorId":30211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lang","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2615,"text":"wsp1663G - 1972 - Ground-water in the Teresina-Campo Maior area, Piaui, Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:28","indexId":"wsp1663G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1663","chapter":"G","title":"Ground-water in the Teresina-Campo Maior area, Piaui, Brazil","docAbstract":"The Teresina-Campo Maior area lies in a presently developing farming and grazing region near the margin of drought-prone northeast Brazil where irrigated farming offers the best potential for economic development. The area comprises 9,700 square kilometers largely of catinga-covered tabular uplands which are drained by the perennial Rio Parnatba. The climate is hot and humid most of the year but with distinct wet and dry seasons. Temperature extremes range from 20?C to 39?C and the annum rainfall averages 1,200 millimeters. \r\n\r\nThe area's ground-water reservoir is contained chiefly in sandstone aquifers of six westward-dipping sedimentary rock formations, all part of the Maranhao sedimentary basin. The youngest of these formations, namely the Piaut (Pennsylvarian), Poti (Mississippian), Longa (Upper Devonian), and Cabecas (Middle Devoniar), contain the principal aquifers. Precipitation is the primary source of recharge to these aquifers and is more than sufficient to replenish current withdrawals from wells. Underlying the principal aquifers are the untapped Pimenteiras and Serra Grande Formations (both Lower Devonian) which in areas adjacent to the report area are moderately good to excellent water producers. These aquifers are recharged principally by lateral inflow from the east. Water also occurs in the alluvial deposits (Quaternary) underlying the flood plain of the Rio Parnatba but recurrent and uncontrolled flooding at present (1966) precludes their development. Of little economic importance, because they lie above the zone of saturation, are the thin erosional remnants of the Pastos Bons (Upper Triassic), Matuca, and Pedra de Fogo (both Permian) Formations. \r\n\r\nThere are in the report area about 200 drilled wells most of which are pumped with power-driven engines. The wells range from 40 to 500 meters deep but most do not exceed 150 meters, and practically all are completed open hole. Yields range from 500 liters per day for 6-inch-diameter domestic wells to 240,000 liters per hour for 10-inch high-capacity municipal wells. Although there are many more dug wells than drilled wells, dug wells account for less than 1 percent of the current (1966) draft. The current annual withdrawal from the principal aquifers is approximately 5 million cubic meters of which almost half is used for municipal supply and the rest for rural household and irrigation uses. Additional water for public supply is available from aquifers now being pumped, and larger yields probably could be obtained from rural wells designed to take full advantage of the aquifer. Analyses of 28 samples show that the chemical quality of the water is well below the \r\n\r\naccepted limits of mineral concentration for most uses. Water from the Longa Formation averages 842 milligrams per liter in total dissolved solids and is more mineralized than that in the Piaul and Port Formations which contain water averaging less than 300 milligrams per liter. The water in the Piaui and Poti aquifers is the most suitable in the area for irrigation and has SAR values of C1-S1 and C2-S1. \r\n\r\nThe quantities of water currently being used for irrigation are relatively small (600,000 cubic meters annually) but will increase substantially when intensive irrigation becomes a reality. Divisio de Hydrogeologia da Superintendancia do Desenvolvimento do Nordeste estimates that about 2,500 million cubic meters of water per year would be needed to irrigate about 250,000 hectares in the Teresina-Campo Maior area (about 25 percent of the total area). This goal, however, is not likely to be realized as the water requirement is five times the estimated natural recharge to the aquifers of the area. \r\n\r\nMost of the water-bearing formations in the report area have barely been tapped and can be developed a great deal more. In fact, the current annual withdrawal from the principal aquifers is less than 0.0025 percent of a conservative estimate of annual replenishment from rainfall. Additionally, only the","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1663G","usgsCitation":"Rodis, H.G., and Suszczynski, E.F., 1972, Ground-water in the Teresina-Campo Maior area, Piaui, Brazil: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1663, iv, G 1-G 34 p. :illus. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1663G.","productDescription":"iv, G 1-G 34 p. :illus. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1663g/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28905,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1663g/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28906,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1663g/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db66823c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodis, Harry G.","contributorId":25141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodis","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suszczynski, Edison F.","contributorId":14804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suszczynski","given":"Edison","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1169,"text":"wsp1968 - 1972 - The hydrology of four streams in western Washington as related to several Pacific salmon species","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":22746,"text":"ofr7273 - 1972 - Hydrology of four streams in western Washington as related to several Pacific salmon species; Part II, Humptulips, Elochoman, Gereen, and Wynoochee Rivers","indexId":"ofr7273","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology of four streams in western Washington as related to several Pacific salmon species; Part II, Humptulips, Elochoman, Gereen, and Wynoochee Rivers"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1169,"text":"wsp1968 - 1972 - The hydrology of four streams in western Washington as related to several Pacific salmon species","indexId":"wsp1968","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"The hydrology of four streams in western Washington as related to several Pacific salmon species"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp1968","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1968","title":"The hydrology of four streams in western Washington as related to several Pacific salmon species","docAbstract":"Enhancement-or possibly even preservation-of the Pacific salmon hinges on the careful planning and proper management of the streamflow upon which they depend for spawning. Most spawning activity occurs on reaches of streams where specific hydraulic conditions exist and where stream-channel characteristics and water-quality criteria are met. The present report is the first of a series and is used to present the method of determining preferred spawning conditions and results of the investigation of 129 measurements on 14 study reaches of the Dewatto, Cedar, Kalama, and North 'Fork Nooksack Rivers. Subsequent reports, using the same method will present analyses and preferred spawning and rearing discharges for other streams used by salmon. The method consists of measuring water depth and velocities to designate, from area-(spawnable) discharge curves, peak, preferred spawning discharges for fall chinook, spring chinook, sockeye, and coho salmon at each reach on each river. Also, streambed gravels, water temperature, suspended sediment, dissolved oxygen, and specific conductance are used to help evaluate river conditions during spawning. \r\n\r\nIn examining the repeatability of the method, tested by analyzing independently each of selected pairs of adjacent reaches on the Cedar River, it was found that the preferred peak discharges from the comparisons varied 4.6 percent for the average of four species and two pairs of reaches. Peak spawning discharges ranged, for the four salmon species on each of the three study reaches of each river, from 50 to 140 cfs (cubic feet per second) on Dewatto River, from 230 to 510 cfs on Cedar River, from 245 to 800 cfs on Kalama River, and from 195 to 710 cfs on North Fork Nooksack River. The results indicate that the methods used and the probable discharge values determined are reasonable and, if economically justified, may be used to select discharges, for salmon spawning and rearing.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1968","usgsCitation":"Collings, M.R., Smith, R.W., and Higgins, G., 1972, The hydrology of four streams in western Washington as related to several Pacific salmon species: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1968, viii, 109 p. :ill., maps ;23 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1968.","productDescription":"viii, 109 p. :ill., maps ;23 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1968/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26004,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1968/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a85e4b07f02db64d866","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collings, Michael R.","contributorId":48570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collings","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Ronald W.","contributorId":50036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higgins, G.T.","contributorId":52971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1263,"text":"wsp1873D - 1972 - Measurement of salt-wedge excursion distance in the Duwamish River Estuary, Seattle, Washington, by means of the dissolved-oxygen gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:13","indexId":"wsp1873D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1873","chapter":"D","title":"Measurement of salt-wedge excursion distance in the Duwamish River Estuary, Seattle, Washington, by means of the dissolved-oxygen gradient","docAbstract":"The Duwamish River estuary has been the object of a series of comprehensive studies undertaken to predict the effects of the changing character of waste-water inputs on the water quality of the estuary. This report discusses the fresh- and salt-water relations of the estuary. The distance that the salt-water wedge in the estuary moves upstream and downstream with the tide is measured by a method that utilizes the persistence of the longitudinal gradient of dissolved oxygen in the salt water of the wedges. The method, though unorthodox, can serve as an independent check on any other measurements of tidal-excursion distance. Typical values obtained were a 1-kilometer excursion for a 1.3-meter tide range and a 3-kilometer excursion for a 3-meter tide range. This method of tracing the water movement seems to work because of two unusual aspects of the Duwamish River estuary: (1) the channel configuration is simple and well-suited to synoptic measurement and (2) the physical properties of the entering salt water are nearly constant.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1873D","usgsCitation":"Dawson, W.A., and Tilley, L.J., 1972, Measurement of salt-wedge excursion distance in the Duwamish River Estuary, Seattle, Washington, by means of the dissolved-oxygen gradient: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1873, iii, 27 p. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1873D.","productDescription":"iii, 27 p. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1873d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26214,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1873d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db6111c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, William A.","contributorId":46496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tilley, L. J.","contributorId":91836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilley","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1214,"text":"wsp1897 - 1972 - Ground-water resources of Natrona County, Wyoming","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":51608,"text":"ofr5413 - 1954 - Ground water in the vicinity of Edgerton, Wyoming","indexId":"ofr5413","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"title":"Ground water in the vicinity of Edgerton, Wyoming"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1214,"text":"wsp1897 - 1972 - Ground-water resources of Natrona County, Wyoming","indexId":"wsp1897","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water resources of Natrona County, Wyoming"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T16:34:19","indexId":"wsp1897","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1897","title":"Ground-water resources of Natrona County, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Natrona County covers an area of 5.369 square miles in central Wyoming. The climate is arid except in the mountainous areas. The county includes parts of the Great Plains, Middle Rocky Mountains, Wyoming Basin, and Southern Rocky Mountains physiographic provinces. There is wide variation of topography. More than 30 geologic formations are exposed in the county, 28 of which are known to yield water to wells and springs. The formations range in age from Precambrian to Holocene. Ground water in approximately 40 percent of the county contains more than 1.000 mg/l (milligrams per liter) of dissolved solids. Water chemically suitable for livestock can be developed at depths of less than 1,000 feet throughout most of the area. \r\n\r\nMany of the geologic formations were deposited under similar conditions and have similar water-bearing properties; also. water from these rocks deposited under similar conditions tends to have similar chemical characteristics. For this report, the stratigraphic section has been arbitrarily divided into six rock units based on similarity of deposition. \r\n\r\nThe igneous and metamorphic rock unit includes rocks of Precambrian age and igneous intrusives and extrusives of Tertiary age. These rocks probably would not yield more than about 5 gpm (gallons per minute) to wells. The water is usually calcium bicarbonate type and contains less than 500 mg/l of dissolved solids. \r\n\r\nThe marine rock unit includes formations of Cambrian, Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian and Permian age, having a maximum total thickness of about 1,900 feet. The Madison Limestone of Mississippian age and the Tensleep Sandstone and the Casper Formation of Pennsylvanian and Permian age supply the largest yields to wells and springs in the county. In the northeastern part of the county, flow from each of three wells in the Madison reportedly is more than 4.000 gpm. Each of three wells in the Tensleep in the same area flows more than 400 gpm. Yields of springs in the Casper Formation near Casper Mountain range from about 1.0 to 17 cubic feet per second. Ground water from near the outcrop of all these formations usually contains less than 500 rag/l of dissolved solids. The dissolved-solids content increases with distance from the outcrop and in places is more than 3.200 mg/l. Several types of water were found in this unit including sodium sulfate, calcium sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, sodium calcium sulfate, sodium chloride, and calcium bicarbonate.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1897","usgsCitation":"Crist, M.A., and Lowry, M.E., 1972, Ground-water resources of Natrona County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1897, iv, 92 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1897.","productDescription":"iv, 92 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1897/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":110033,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25115.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25115"},{"id":26106,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1897/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26107,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1897/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26108,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1897/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26109,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1897/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d5e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crist, Marvin A.","contributorId":63376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crist","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowry, Marlin E.","contributorId":52552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowry","given":"Marlin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1385,"text":"wsp1985 - 1972 - Ground-water resources of Orange and Ulster Counties, New York","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55900,"text":"ofr6997 - 1969 - Ground-water basic data for Orange and Ulster Counties, New York","indexId":"ofr6997","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water basic data for Orange and Ulster Counties, New York"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1385,"text":"wsp1985 - 1972 - Ground-water resources of Orange and Ulster Counties, New York","indexId":"wsp1985","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water resources of Orange and Ulster Counties, New York"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:13","indexId":"wsp1985","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1985","title":"Ground-water resources of Orange and Ulster Counties, New York","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. 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