{"pageNumber":"2442","pageRowStart":"61025","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68807,"records":[{"id":202,"text":"wsp2014 - 1972 - Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1967, Parts 7 and 8, Lower Mississippi River basin and western Gulf of Mexico basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:10","indexId":"wsp2014","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014","title":"Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1967, Parts 7 and 8, Lower Mississippi River basin and western Gulf of Mexico basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2014","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1972, Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1967, Parts 7 and 8, Lower Mississippi River basin and western Gulf of Mexico basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2014, xv, 814 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2014.","productDescription":"xv, 814 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2014/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24813,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2014/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db6519ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2640,"text":"wsp1999L - 1972 - Factors contributing to unusually low runoff during the period 1962-68 in the Concho River Basin, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T16:52:05","indexId":"wsp1999L","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1999","chapter":"L","title":"Factors contributing to unusually low runoff during the period 1962-68 in the Concho River Basin, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>To determine the reasons for the unusually low runoff in the Concho River basin during the period 1962-68, the physical developments and climatic changes in the basin were identified and related to changes in the regimen of streamflow.</p>\n<p>Land use, brush infestation, and land-treatment practices have not caused significant changes in the rainfall-runoff relationship.</p>\n<p>The use of surface water for irrigation has increased very little during the past 70 years, and although the use of ground water for irrigation has greatly increased in the past 25 years, springflow has not been significantly diminished. The base flow of the streams is materially reduced by surface-water irrigation diversions. Diversions for municipal and industrial use have increased rapidly, but these diversions affect only the streamflow downstream from San Angelo.</p>\n<p>Statistical analyses showed the annual rainfall to be highly variable, with little serial correlation. Records of rainfall during the period 1943-68 are significantly different in character from previous long-term records. The frequency of monthly rainfall equal to or greater than 2.0 inches during the period 1943-68, and especially during the period 1962-68, was significantly less than the long-term averages.</p>\n<p>Analyses of annual runoff data, adjusted for depletions, show large variations in annual runoff. Coefficients of variation ranged from 0.8 to 1.4, and first-order serial correlations ranged from 0.01 to 0.28. The estimated recurrence interval of the 1962-68 drought is about 200 years.</p>\n<p>The analyses of rainfall-intensity and runoff data indicate that the basic cause for the relatively low runoff during the period 1962-68 was the lack of high-intensity, long-duration storms rather than any physical changes or agricultural practices in the watershed</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1999L","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board","usgsCitation":"Sauer, S.P., 1972, Factors contributing to unusually low runoff during the period 1962-68 in the Concho River Basin, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1999, v, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1999L.","productDescription":"v, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"61","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":28959,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999l/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"924.83 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":138600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999l/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -101.2335205078125,\n              32.18026188320708\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.3104248046875,\n              32.19885712788488\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.5850830078125,\n              32.16631295696736\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.788330078125,\n              32.10584293285769\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.87072753906249,\n              32.05930026106166\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.337646484375,\n              31.316101383495624\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.3101806640625,\n              31.09998179374943\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.2222900390625,\n              30.798474179567823\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.1234130859375,\n              30.56699087315334\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.700439453125,\n              30.36813582872057\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.3543701171875,\n              30.30176068632071\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.8050537109375,\n              30.315987718557867\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.36560058593749,\n              30.330212685432734\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.986572265625,\n              30.401306519203583\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.7833251953125,\n              30.5717205651999\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.635009765625,\n              30.72294882477251\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.635009765625,\n              30.897511207369128\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.6844482421875,\n              31.147006308556566\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.744873046875,\n              31.283245492650792\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.854736328125,\n              31.587894464070395\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.9700927734375,\n              31.695455797778713\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.1129150390625,\n              31.89621446335144\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.1678466796875,\n              31.91953017247695\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.2335205078125,\n              32.18026188320708\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a04e4b07f02db5f85f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, Stanley P.","contributorId":38966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":102,"text":"wsp2010 - 1972 - Ground-water levels in the United States, 1966-70, Southwestern states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:10","indexId":"wsp2010","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010","title":"Ground-water levels in the United States, 1966-70, Southwestern states","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Survey : for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2010","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1972, Ground-water levels in the United States, 1966-70, Southwestern states: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2010, v, 106 p. :maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2010.","productDescription":"v, 106 p. :maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":94692,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2010/report.pdf","size":"7329","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":136244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2010/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667590","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2665,"text":"wsp1663H - 1972 - Origin of mineralized water in Precambrian rocks of the Upper Paraiba Basin, Paraiba, Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"wsp1663H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1663","chapter":"H","title":"Origin of mineralized water in Precambrian rocks of the Upper Paraiba Basin, Paraiba, Brazil","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1663H","usgsCitation":"Schoff, S., 1972, Origin of mineralized water in Precambrian rocks of the Upper Paraiba Basin, Paraiba, Brazil: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1663, iv, H1-H38 p. :maps (1 fold. in pocket) ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1663H.","productDescription":"iv, H1-H38 p. :maps (1 fold. in pocket) ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1663h/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29005,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1663h/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29006,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1663h/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a62d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoff, Stuart L.","contributorId":104467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoff","given":"Stuart L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1518,"text":"wsp2135 - 1972 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 14, Pacific Slope basins in Oregon and lower Columbia River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-17T12:49:27","indexId":"wsp2135","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2135","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 14, Pacific Slope basins in Oregon and lower Columbia River basin","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2135","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1972, Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 14, Pacific Slope basins in Oregon and lower Columbia River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2135, x, 1036 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2135.","productDescription":"x, 1036 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":26583,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2135/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":136970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2135/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db692307","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":65,"text":"wsp1889 - 1972 - Geology and water resources of the Bitterroot Valley, southwestern Montana, with a section on chemical quality of water","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":57741,"text":"ofr68344 - 1968 - Geology and water resources of the Bitterroot Valley, Montana","indexId":"ofr68344","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and water resources of the Bitterroot Valley, Montana"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":65,"text":"wsp1889 - 1972 - Geology and water resources of the Bitterroot Valley, southwestern Montana, with a section on chemical quality of water","indexId":"wsp1889","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and water resources of the Bitterroot Valley, southwestern Montana, with a section on chemical quality of water"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-16T22:02:07.313984","indexId":"wsp1889","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1889","title":"Geology and water resources of the Bitterroot Valley, southwestern Montana, with a section on chemical quality of water","docAbstract":"The Bitterroot Valley is a Late Cretaceous structural basin that was partly filled at its deepest point by more than 1,640 feet of Tertiary sediments. These sediments grade valleyward from coarse colluvial deposits along the edges of the valley to fine-grained deposits and then to coarse channel deposits of the ancestral Bitterroot River near the center of the valley. Beneath the flood plain and low terraces of the present Bitterroot River, about 40 feet of Quaternary alluvium overlies the Tertiary sediments. \n\nEach spring and summer, at rates greatly exceeding discharge, water infiltrates to the ground-water reservoir in the Tertiary and Quaternary rocks. During the fall and winter, water is released from storage. Net recharge in the spring of 1958 and 1959 was about 90,000 and 82,000 acre-feet, relatively. Net discharge during the rest of each year was about 90,000 and 76,000 acre-feet, respectively. \n\nSome surface water available for recharge during high runoff each rejected. During the 1958 and 1959 water years, total surface-water inflow about 1.7 million and 2.0 million acre-feet, respectively. Consumptive use during these water years was about 450,000 and' 400,000 acre-feet, respectively. Move pumping from the ground-water reservoir would provide additional storage space for peak runoff and would increase the potential consumptive use in the valley. \n\nAdditional wells, capable of yielding more than 250 gpm (gallons per minute), can be constructed on the flood plain of the Bitterroot River and on some of the adjacent low terraces, especially those east of the river. Near Corvallis, on a low terrace, wells capable of yielding 1,000 gpm or more can be constructed. Wells capable of yielding 50 to 250 gpm can be constructed on many of the alluvial fans of the tributary streams. In the remaining area, wells will generally yield only enough water for domestic and stock use. \n\nFrom the hydrologic standpoint, the best use of ground water for irrigation is conjunctive use with surface water. Surface water is adequate early in the season and can be distributed throughout the area. As shortages occur, ground water can be used in areas where it is available in sufficient quantity, allowing the surface water to be used in areas of shortage where ground water is not available.\n\nWater in the Bitterroot Valley is of satisfactory chemical quality for domestic, stock, municipal, and most industrial uses. Surface water is softer, as a rule, and contains less dissolved solids than the ground water. Streams heading in the Sapphire Mountains are more mineralized than those heading in the Bitterroot Mountains. Bitterroot River water in October 1955 was about twice as mineralized at Florence, near the outlet of the valley, as it was at Darby, near the inlet, but the difference is not significant in relation to .the usefulness of the water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1889","usgsCitation":"McMurtrey, R.G., Konizeski, R.L., Johnson, M.V., Bartells, J.H., and Swenson, H.A., 1972, Geology and water resources of the Bitterroot Valley, southwestern Montana, with a section on chemical quality of water: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1889, Report: vi, 80 p.; 1 Plate: 23.00 x 29.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1889.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 80 p.; 1 Plate: 23.00 x 29.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":24695,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1889/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24694,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1889/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137251,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1889/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":110029,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25107.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25107"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Bitterroot Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.25,\n              46.662\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.25,\n              45.966\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.892,\n              45.966\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.892,\n              46.662\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.25,\n              46.662\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ea5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMurtrey, R. G.","contributorId":36913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMurtrey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konizeski, Richard L.","contributorId":80248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konizeski","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":892473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, M. V.","contributorId":95476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":892474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartells, John H.","contributorId":54240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartells","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":892475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swenson, H. A.","contributorId":58618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swenson","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":203,"text":"wsp2091 - 1972 - Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1968, Part 1, North Atlantic slope basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:10","indexId":"wsp2091","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2091","title":"Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1968, Part 1, North Atlantic slope basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2091","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1972, Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1968, Part 1, North Atlantic slope basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2091, x, 373 p. ; 23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2091.","productDescription":"x, 373 p. ; 23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2091/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24814,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2091/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db651942","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2638,"text":"wsp1873C - 1972 - Physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the Duwamish River Estuary, King County, Washington, 1963-67","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:28","indexId":"wsp1873C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1873","chapter":"C","title":"Physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the Duwamish River Estuary, King County, Washington, 1963-67","docAbstract":"This report describes the significant results to 1967 of a comprehensive study that began in 1963 to evaluate what changes take place in an estuary as the loads .of raw and partially treated industrial and municipal wastes are replaced by effluent from a secondary treatment plant. The study area is the Duwamish River estuary, about 18.3 river kilometers long. At mean sea level the estuary has a water-surface area of about 1 square mile and a mean width of 440 feet. At the lowest and highest recorded tides, the volume of the estuary is about 205 and 592 million cubic feet, respectively. The estuary is well stratified (salt-wedge type) at fresh-water inflows greater than 1,000 cfs \r\n(cubic feet per second), but when inflow rates are less than 1,000 cfs the lower 5.6 kilometers of the estuary grades into the partly mixed type. The crosschannel salinity distribution is uniform for a given location and depth. Salinity migration is controlled by tides and fresh-water inflow. At fresh-water inflow rates greater than 1,000 cfs, water in the upper 8.4 kilometers of the estuary is always fresh regardless of tide. At inflow rates less than 600 cfs and tide heights greater than 10 feet; some salinity has been detected 16.1 kilometers above the mouth of the estuary. Studies using a fluorescent dye show that virtually no downward mixing into the salt wedge occurs; soluble pollutants introduced at the upper end of the estuary stay in the surface layer (5-15 ft thick). On the basis of dye studies when fresh-water inflow is less than 400 cfs, it is estimated that less than 10 percent of a pollutant will remain in the estuary a minimum of 7 days. Longitudinal dispersion coefficients for the surface layer have been determined to be on the order of 100-400 square feet per second. \r\n\r\nFour water-quality stations automatically monitor DO (dissolved oxygen), water temperature, pH, and specific conductance; at one station solar radiation also is measured. DO concentration in the surface layer decreases almost linearly in a downstream direction. Minimum DO concentration in the surface layer is usually greater than 4 rag/1 (milligrams per liter). The smallest DO values are consistently recorded in the bottom layer at the station 7.7 kilometers above the mouth; monthly means of less than 3 mg/1 of DO have occurred at this point. Manual sampling shows that the DO sag in the bottom layer oscillates between 7.7 and 10.4 kilometers above the mouth of the estuary. Multiple-regression analysis shows that the surface DO content can be estimated from the fresh-water inflow and water temperature. Tidal exchange and fresh-water inflow indirectly control the bottom DO content. Information available from previous studies failed to indicate a progressive decrease in DO content during the period 1949-56, but data from the present study suggest a slight general decrease in the annual minimum DO concentrations in both the upper and lower layers. Average nitrate concentration in fresh water at station 16.2 has increased progressively since 1964, by amounts greater than those which can be attributed to the Renton Treatment Plant, 4.3 kilometers upstream from station 16.2. \r\n\r\nThe BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) in both surface and bottom layers is generally less than 4 rag/1 of oxygen, but values greater than 6 rag/1 have been measured during a period of phytoplankton bloom. Phytoplankton blooms can occur during periods of minimum tidal exchange and fresh-water inflows of less than 300 cfs if solar radiation and water temperature are optimum. Nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus compounds) do not control the occurrence of a bloom, because sufficient quantities of these nutrients are always present. Nutrients in the treated effluent may increase the biomass of the bloom. Trace-element studies have not defined any role that these elements may play in algal growth. \r\nThe inflowing fresh water contains principally calcium and bicarbonate and \r\nhas a dissolved-solids content ra","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1873C","usgsCitation":"Santos, J.F., and Stoner, J., 1972, Physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the Duwamish River Estuary, King County, Washington, 1963-67: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1873, vi, 74 p. :illus. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1873C.","productDescription":"vi, 74 p. :illus. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1873c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28957,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1873c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685ac0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Santos, John F.","contributorId":21530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santos","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoner, J.D.","contributorId":58261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoner","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2378,"text":"wsp1999N - 1972 - Quality of the ground water in basalt of the Columbia River group, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T13:45:17","indexId":"wsp1999N","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1999","chapter":"N","title":"Quality of the ground water in basalt of the Columbia River group, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho","docAbstract":"The ground water within the 50,000-square-mile area of the layered basalt of the Columbia River Group is a generally uniform bicarbonate water having calcium and sodium in nearly equal amounts as the principal cations. water contains a relatively large amount of silica. \r\n\r\nThe 525 chemical analyses indicate that the prevalent ground water is of two related kinds--a calcium and a sodium water. The sodium water is more common beneath the floors of the main synclinal valleys; the calcium water, elsewhere. \r\n\r\nIn addition to the prevalent type, five special types form a small part of the ground water; four of these are natural and one is artificial. The four natural special types are: (1) calcium sodium chloride waters that rise from underlying sedimentary rocks west of the Cascade Range, (2) mineralized water at or near warm or hot springs, (3) water having unusual ion concentrations, especially of chloride, near sedimentary rocks intercalated at the edges of the basalt, and (4) more mineralized water near one locality of excess carbon dioxide. The one artificial kind of special ground water has resulted from unintentional artificial recharge incidental to irrigation in parts of central Washington. \r\n\r\nThe solids dissolved in the ground water have been picked up on the surface, within the overburden, and from minerals and glasses within the basalt. Evidence for the removal of ions from solution is confined to calcium and magnesium, only small amounts of which are present in some of the sodium-rich water. \r\n\r\nMinor constituents, such as the heavy metals, alkali metals, and alkali earths, occur in the ground water in trace, or small, amounts. The natural radioactivity of the ground waters is very low. Except for a few of the saline calcium sodium chloride waters and a few occurrences of excessive nitrate, the ground water generally meets the common standards of water good for most ordinary uses, but some of it can be improved by treatment. The water is clear and colorless and has a temperature slightly higher than would be indicated by the accepted 'normal' earth gradient. A small amount of iron is present in some of the water and a slight amount of hydrogen sulfide gas is present in water from most wells. \r\n\r\nCarbon-14 determinations indicate that the water has been underground for periods ranging from modern times to several tens of thousands of years. Generally, an increase in the age of the water corresponds to depth and with location in the central parts of the main structural basins. The evidence of correlations between chemical characteristics and the age of the water is limited to the excessive nitrate which occurs in young, shallow ground water and to the apparent base-exchange removal of calcium and magnesium that has occurred where the ground water is old.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1999N","usgsCitation":"Newcomb, R.C., 1972, Quality of the ground water in basalt of the Columbia River group, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1999, iv, 71 p. :illus. map (fold. col. in pocket) ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1999N.","productDescription":"iv, 71 p. :illus. map (fold. col. in pocket) ;23 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999n/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28335,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999n/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28336,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999n/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db6517d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newcomb, Reuben Clair","contributorId":37712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newcomb","given":"Reuben","email":"","middleInitial":"Clair","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1382,"text":"wsp1532G - 1972 - Hydrology and effects of conservation structures, Willow Creek basin, Valley County, Montana, 1954-68","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:13","indexId":"wsp1532G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1532","chapter":"G","title":"Hydrology and effects of conservation structures, Willow Creek basin, Valley County, Montana, 1954-68","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1532G","usgsCitation":"Frickel, D.G., 1972, Hydrology and effects of conservation structures, Willow Creek basin, Valley County, Montana, 1954-68: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1532, iv, G1-G34 p. :illus. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1532G.","productDescription":"iv, G1-G34 p. :illus. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1532g/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26485,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1532g/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db60516a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frickel, Donald G.","contributorId":23524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frickel","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4324,"text":"cir652 - 1972 - Index of surface-water records to September 30, 1970; Part 2, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"cir652","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"652","title":"Index of surface-water records to September 30, 1970; Part 2, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir652","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1972, Index of surface-water records to September 30, 1970; Part 2, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 652, 88 p. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir652.","productDescription":"88 p. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1972/0652/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31434,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1972/0652/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2bf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5907,"text":"pp686A - 1972 - Comparison of evaporation computation methods, Pretty Lake, Lagrange County, northeastern Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-16T12:31:18","indexId":"pp686A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"686","chapter":"A","title":"Comparison of evaporation computation methods, Pretty Lake, Lagrange County, northeastern Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>Evaporation from Pretty Lake has been computed for a 2%- year period between 1963 and 1965 by the use of an energy budget, mass-transfer parameters, a water budget, a class-A pan, and a computed pan evaporation technique. The seasonal totals for the different methods are within 8 percent of their mean and are within 11 percent of the rate of 79 centimeters (31 inches) per year determined from published maps that are based on evaporation-pan data. Period-by-period differences among the methods are larger than the annual differences, but there is a general agreement among the evaporation hydrographs produced by the different computation methods.</p>\n<p>The energy budget was an excellent means of computing unbiased evaporation data for periods of a month or longer from June through September. It is not reliable in the springtime, when Bowen ratios are large and when the large changes in stored energy may be hard to measure accurately owing to errors in the capacity table. The need for sophisticated equipment, frequent temperature surveys, and complex computations makes the energy budget the most expensive of the several methods used. Effective use was made of the Koberg method in estimating long-wave radiation when accurate instrument records were not available. Effects of sediment heating and cooling were computed to have influenced evaporation as much as 0.03 cm day\" 1 (centimeters per day) just after the autumnal overturn. The change is significant during the fall, when the evaporation for Pretty Lake is low, and would be more significant in a shallow lake, where the heat storage by the sediment would be large in proportion to the storage by the water.</p>\n<p>The corrected fall in stage computed by the water-budget method agreed well with the evaporation rates computed by other methods during the dryer seasons. Decreased rates of fall in stage during the wet seasons indicated net inflow seepage that was estimated to be equivalent to a stage change of more than 0.2 cm day\" 1 at some times.</p>\n<p>Evaporation data based upon class-A pan records and computed pan evaporation were too large early in the season and too small late in the season. The differences were caused by energy storage, which affected the lake evaporation as energy was stored in the spring and released late in the season. Energy-storage effects can be corrected, but the corrections require some of the same expensive data that were used in the energy budget. The mass-transfer system proved to be an effective low-cost means of computing evaporation, a means that is well suited to low evaporation rates.</p>\n<p>The mass-transfer coefficient was determined to be 0.00560 cm hr day- 1 mile\" 1 mb\" 1 (centimeter per day per millibar per mile/hour), the relative standard error of the energy-budget calibration being about 6 percent. Springtime and autumn evaporation rates computed by the mass-transfer method were slightly higher than rates computed by other methods, and summer rates from mass-transfer computations were slightly lower than rates computed by other methods. Anemometer stalling is believed to have caused unreliable mass-transfer evaporation data during two periods having very low wind velocities.</p>\n<p>Assuming that Pretty Lake is typical of the many small natural lakes in its region, it is concluded that in most cases the evaporation information needed for hydrologic studies can be provided with satisfactory accuracy by a combination of the mass-transfer method and one or two other methods, without the expense of a complex energy-budget study.</p>\n<p>The different methods, although poor, agree that evaporation when there is ice cover is generally small (less than 0.1 cm day\" 1 ), but the evaporation rates during the few days just before freezeup or just after ice breakup are significant</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp686A","usgsCitation":"Ficke, J.F., 1972, Comparison of evaporation computation methods, Pretty Lake, Lagrange County, northeastern Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 686, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp686A.","productDescription":"48 p.","startPage":"A1","endPage":"A49","numberOfPages":"57","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0686a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32790,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0686a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Lagrange","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.2913,41.7606],[-85.2212,41.7607],[-85.1978,41.7605],[-85.1964,41.7019],[-85.1956,41.6134],[-85.1947,41.5276],[-85.3089,41.5269],[-85.4242,41.527],[-85.5401,41.5256],[-85.6554,41.5251],[-85.6575,41.6122],[-85.6589,41.699],[-85.6606,41.7608],[-85.5763,41.7603],[-85.2913,41.7606]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Lagrange\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae3ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ficke, John F.","contributorId":86750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ficke","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":6121,"text":"pp708 - 1972 - Ground-Water Hydraulics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:56","indexId":"pp708","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"708","title":"Ground-Water Hydraulics","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp708","usgsCitation":"Lohman, S.W., 1972, Ground-Water Hydraulics: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 708, Report: viii, 70 p.; 9 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp708.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 70 p.; 9 Plates","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0708/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":22065,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0708/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33180,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0708/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33181,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0708/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33182,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0708/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33183,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0708/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33184,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0708/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33185,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0708/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33186,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0708/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33187,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0708/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33188,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0708/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69902e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohman, Stanley William","contributorId":53361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohman","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5770,"text":"pp796 - 1972 - Structural and stratigraphic framework, and spatial distribution of permeability of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, North Carolina to New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-08T22:46:52.726017","indexId":"pp796","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"796","title":"Structural and stratigraphic framework, and spatial distribution of permeability of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, North Carolina to New York","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes and interprets the results of a detailed subsurface mapping program undertaken in that part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain which extends from the South Carolina and North Carolina border through Long Island, N.Y. Data obtained from more than 2,200 wells are analyzed. Seventeen chronostratigraphic units are mapped in the subsurface. They range in age from Jurassic(?) to post-Miocene. The purpose of the mapping program was to determine the external and internal geometry of mappable chronostratigraphic units and to derive and construct a permeability-distribution network for each unit based upon contrasts in the textures and compositions of its contained sediments. </p><p>The report contains a structure map and a combined isopach, lithofacies, and permeability-distribution map for each of the chronostratigraphic units delineated in the subsurface. In addition, it contains a map of the top of the basement surface. These maps, together with 36 stratigraphic cross sections, present a three-dimensional view of the regional subsurface hydrogeology. They provide focal points of reference for a discussion of regional tectonics, structure, stratigraphy, and permeability distribution. Taken together and in chronologic sequence, the maps constitute a detailed sedimentary model, the first such model to be constructed for the middle Atlantic Coastal Plain. </p><p>The chronostratigraphic units mapped record a structural history dominated by lateral and vertical movement along a system of intersecting hinge zones. Taphrogeny, related to transcurrent faulting, is the dominant type of deformation that controlled the geometry of the sedimentary model. </p><p>Twelve of the seventeen chronostratigraphic units mapped have depositional alinements and thickening trends that are independent of the present-day configuration of the underlying basement surface. These 12 units, classified as genetically unrooted units, are assigned to a first-order tectonic stage. A structural model is proposed whose alinements of positive and negative structural features are accordant with the depositional geometry of the chronostratigraphic units assigned to this tectonic stage. The dominant features of the structural model are northeast-plunging half grabens arranged en echelon and bordered by northeast-plunging fault-block anticlines. Tension-type hinge zones that strike north lie athwart the half grabens. </p><p>Five of the seventeen chronostratigraphic units mapped have depositional alinements and thickening trends that are accordant with the present-day configuration of the underlying basement surface. These five units, classified as genetically rooted units, are assigned to a second-order tectonic stage. A structural model is proposed whose alinements of positive and negative features are accordant with the depositional geometry of the chronostratigraphic units assigned to this tectonic stage. The dominant feature of this model is a graben that stands tangential to southeast-plunging asymmetrical anticlines. 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,{"id":7225,"text":"ofr7255 - 1972 - Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Mountain Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1972","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T15:17:19","indexId":"ofr7255","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-55","title":"Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Mountain Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1972","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7255","usgsCitation":"Buckner, H., 1972, Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Mountain Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1972: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-55, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7255.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":140682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bbd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckner, H.D.","contributorId":49783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckner","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":7025,"text":"ofr72225 - 1972 - Catalog of earthquakes along the San Andreas fault system in central California for the year 1971","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-20T17:29:21.419001","indexId":"ofr72225","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-225","title":"Catalog of earthquakes along the San Andreas fault system in central California for the year 1971","docAbstract":"<p>A network of seismograph stations was established by the National Center for Earthquake Research (NCER) to study in detail the earthquakes along the San Andreas fault system in central California (Eaton, Lee, and Pakiser, 1970). This report, in the form of a catalog, summarizes the results of routine earthquake locations from that network for the year 1971, and provides the basic data for further studies to be published elsewhere. Similar catalogs for 1969 and 1970 have been prepared by Lee, Roller, Bauer, and Johnson, (1972), and Lee, Roller, Meagher, and Bennett, (1972).</p><p>We located a total of 2,429 events that occurred in 1971 from primarily 34,111 first P-wave arrival times recorded at 121 seismograph stations. Among these events, 339 were blasts (mostly in quarries), 8 were suspected blasts, and 41 were either too far away from available stations or too small in magnitude to be adequately located. The remaining 2,041 events which were identified as earthquakes are presented in the catalog. The 121 seismograph stations consisted of 93 telemetered stations operated by NCER, and 28 stations operated by several other organizations. Readings from the latter stations were obtained through the courtesy of the Seismographic Stations, University of California, Berkeley, the Earthquake Mechanism Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, San Francisco, and the California Department of Water Resources, Sacramento.</p><p>Data on local earthquakes in northern California, Nevada, and Oregon have been published in the Bulletins of the Seismographic Stations of the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) for many decades. The present catalog covers earthquakes which occurred in a smaller area but in greater detail than those covered by the UCB Bulletins. For example, the UCB Bulletins for 1971 (Cloud and Qamar, 1972; Cloud, Tomblin, and Litehiser, 1972) list a total of 116 earthquakes (most with magnitude greater than 2.5) in the region covered by this report (a coastal strip from Santa Rosa to Parkfield). In addition, we attempted to use all available data in locating earthquakes within and near our seismic network.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72225","usgsCitation":"Lee, W., Meagher, K., Bennett, R., and Matamoros, E., 1972, Catalog of earthquakes along the San Andreas fault system in central California for the year 1971: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-225, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72225.","productDescription":"67 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":428851,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0225/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139484,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0225/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"central California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.43296390791616,\n              37.65519212493113\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.43296390791616,\n              34.255391070188026\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.87009808023436,\n              34.255391070188026\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.87009808023436,\n              37.65519212493113\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.43296390791616,\n              37.65519212493113\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5efb18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, W.H.K.","contributorId":35303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"W.H.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meagher, K.L.","contributorId":65067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meagher","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, R.E.","contributorId":39775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Matamoros, E.E.","contributorId":9242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matamoros","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":6386,"text":"pp779 - 1972 - The story of the water supply for the Comstock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:42","indexId":"pp779","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"779","title":"The story of the water supply for the Comstock","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp779","usgsCitation":"Shamberger, H.A., 1972, The story of the water supply for the Comstock: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 779, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp779.","productDescription":"53 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0779/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33759,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0779/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db6359da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shamberger, Hugh A.","contributorId":7261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shamberger","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":3109,"text":"wsp2108 - 1972 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 3, Ohio River basin, v. 2, Ohio River basin from Kanawha River to Louisville, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:36","indexId":"wsp2108","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2108","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 3, Ohio River basin, v. 2, Ohio River basin from Kanawha River to Louisville, Kentucky","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2108","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1972, Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 3, Ohio River basin, v. 2, Ohio River basin from Kanawha River to Louisville, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2108, viii, 700 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2108.","productDescription":"viii, 700 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2108/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30021,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2108/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691d6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":3040,"text":"wsp1938 - 1972 - Water supply for the Nuclear Rocket Development Station at the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission's Nevada Test Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:39","indexId":"wsp1938","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1938","title":"Water supply for the Nuclear Rocket Development Station at the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission's Nevada Test Site","docAbstract":"The Nuclear Rocket Development Station, in Jackass Flats, occupies about 123 square miles in the southwestern part of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission's Nevada Test Site. Jackass Flats, an intermontane valley bordered by highlands on all sides except for a drainage outlet in the southwestern corner, has an average annual rainfall of 4 inches. \r\n\r\nJackass Flats is underlain by alluvium, colluvium, and volcanic rocks of Cenozoic age and, at greater depth, by sedimentary rocks of Paleozoic age. The alluvium and the colluvium lie above the saturated zone throughout nearly all of Jackass Flats. The Paleozoic sedimentary rocks contain limestone and dolomite units that are excellent water producers elsewhere ; however, these units are too deep in Jackass Flats to be economic sources of water. \r\n\r\nThe only important water-producing unit known in the vicinity of the Nuclear Rocket Development Station is a welded-tuff aquifer, the Topopah Spring Member of the Paintbrush Tuff, which receives no significant recharge. This member contains about 500 feet of highly fractured rock underlying an area 11 miles long and 3 miles wide in western Jackass Flats. Permeability of the aquifer is derived mostly from joints and fractures; however, some permeability may be derived from gas bubbles in the upper part of the unit. Transmissivity, obtained from pumping tests, ranges from 68,000 to 488,000 gallons per day per foot. Volume of the saturated part of the aquifer is about 3.5 cubic miles, and the average specific yield probably ranges from 1 to 5 percent. The volume of ground water in storage is probably within the range of 37-187 billion gallons. This large amount of water should be sufficient to supply the needs of the Nuclear Rocket Development Station for many years. \r\n\r\nWater at the Nuclear Rocket Development Station is used for public supply, construction, test-cell coolant, exhaust cooling, and thermal shielding during nuclear reactor and engine testing, and washdown. Present (1967) average consumption of water is 520,000 gallons per day--all supplied by one well. This supply well and a standby well have a production capability of 1.6 million gallons per day--adequate for present needs. \r\n\r\nWater in the welded-tuff aquifer is of the sodium bicarbonate type. Dissolved-solids content of the water in Jackass Flats is in the general range 230 milligrams per liter in the western part to 890 milligrams per liter in the eastern part.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1938","usgsCitation":"Young, R.A., 1972, Water supply for the Nuclear Rocket Development Station at the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission's Nevada Test Site: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1938, iii, 19 p. :illus. (part col.) ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1938.","productDescription":"iii, 19 p. :illus. (part col.) ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110051,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25162.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25162"},{"id":139238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1938/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29889,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1938/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29890,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1938/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd28a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Richard Arden","contributorId":102740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Arden","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5997,"text":"pp745 - 1972 - Geology and uranium deposits, Shirley Basin area, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T16:56:49","indexId":"pp745","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"745","title":"Geology and uranium deposits, Shirley Basin area, Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp745","usgsCitation":"Harshman, E., 1972, Geology and uranium deposits, Shirley Basin area, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 745, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp745.","productDescription":"82 p.","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":32937,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0745/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0745/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db684188","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harshman, E.N.","contributorId":84827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harshman","given":"E.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4329,"text":"cir657 - 1972 - Index of surface-water records to September 30, 1970; Part 7, Lower Mississippi River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"cir657","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"657","title":"Index of surface-water records to September 30, 1970; Part 7, Lower Mississippi River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir657","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1972, Index of surface-water records to September 30, 1970; Part 7, Lower Mississippi River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 657, 67 p. :ill ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir657.","productDescription":"67 p. :ill ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1972/0657/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31439,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1972/0657/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2aec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}