Our experiments conducted under controlled laboratory conditions demonstrate diel uptake and release of zinc (Zn) in lab-cultured biofilm exposed to Zn concentrations that are present in some mining-impacted streams (1–2 mg Zn/l). Specifically, at constant pH, temperature, and aqueous Zn concentrations in the exposure water, biofilm accumulated Zn during the light periods of the photocycle and released Zn during the dark periods of the photocycle. The range of Zn uptake measured in biofilm during one light period in these laboratory experiments (0.6–8.3 mg Zn/g dw biofilm) encompassed the estimated Zn uptake (1.5–3.7 mg Zn/g dw biofilm) necessary to attribute aqueous diel Zn cycling in a mining-impacted stream in Montana (High Ore Creek) to uptake in biofilm. This is relevant to in situ studies of diel Zn cycling because we controlled three important parameters that naturally fluctuate daily in the field, thus demonstrating the potential for biofilm to remove large percentages of Zn from some mining-impacted streams. Researchers, modelers, regulators, and reclamation teams working in metals-contaminated streams should be aware of diel metal cycling, because the highest Zn concentrations (and therefore, perhaps the most toxic conditions) in the water column might occur at night, and the greatest exposure of grazers of phototrophs to dietborne Zn might occur during daylight hours.
We used our long-term annual bottom trawl survey (1973–2004) in Lake Michigan to reveal the response of the native fish community to the biological control of a dominant exotic fish, alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), as well as to changes in total phosphorus and salmonine biomass. Through nonmetric multidimensional scaling, we documented a 1970s community largely dominated by alewife, and then a shift to a community dominated by several native species during the 1980s through 1990s, when alewife remained at relatively low levels. We argue that the recovery of burbot (Lota lota), deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsonii), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) was partially or fully aided by the alewife reduction. We argue that changes in phosphorus or salmonines were not directly related to abundance increases of native species. An additional community shift occurred during 1999–2004, which coincided with a reduction in species richness and total fish biomass in our trawl. The mechanisms underlying this latest shift may be related to reductions in nutrients, but further research is required. The restoration of the native fish community has been incomplete, however, as emerald shiner (Notropis atherinioides), cisco (Coregonus artedii), and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) have yet to demonstrate recovery.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/F06-132","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Bunnell, D., Madenjian, C., and Claramunt, R., 2006, Long-term changes of the Lake Michigan fish community following the reduction of exotic alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 63, no. 11, p. 2434-2446, https://doi.org/10.1139/F06-132.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2434","endPage":"2446","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209957,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F06-132"}],"volume":"63","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a497fe4b0c8380cd68662","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunnell, D.B.","contributorId":8610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"D.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madenjian, C.P.","contributorId":64175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Claramunt, R.M.","contributorId":38760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claramunt","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028833,"text":"70028833 - 2006 - The practical use of simplicity in developing ground water models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028833","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The practical use of simplicity in developing ground water models","docAbstract":"The advantages of starting with simple models and building complexity slowly can be significant in the development of ground water models. In many circumstances, simpler models are characterized by fewer defined parameters and shorter execution times. In this work, the number of parameters is used as the primary measure of simplicity and complexity; the advantages of shorter execution times also are considered. The ideas are presented in the context of constructing ground water models but are applicable to many fields. Simplicity first is put in perspective as part of the entire modeling process using 14 guidelines for effective model calibration. It is noted that neither very simple nor very complex models generally produce the most accurate predictions and that determining the appropriate level of complexity is an ill-defined process. It is suggested that a thorough evaluation of observation errors is essential to model development. Finally, specific ways are discussed to design useful ground water models that have fewer parameters and shorter execution times.","largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00227.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., 2006, The practical use of simplicity in developing ground water models, in Ground Water, v. 44, no. 6, p. 775-781, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00227.x.","startPage":"775","endPage":"781","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209931,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00227.x"},{"id":236691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baec0e4b08c986b3242f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028832,"text":"70028832 - 2006 - Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) transport and retention in tropical, rain forest streams draining a volcanic landscape in Costa Rica: In situ SRP amendment to streams and laboratory studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028832","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) transport and retention in tropical, rain forest streams draining a volcanic landscape in Costa Rica: In situ SRP amendment to streams and laboratory studies","docAbstract":"Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) transport/retention was determined in two rain forest streams (Salto, Pantano) draining La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. There, SRP levels can be naturally high due to groundwater enriched by geothermal activity within the surfically dormant volcanic landscape, and subsequently discharged at ambient temperature. Combined field and laboratory approaches simulated high but natural geothermal SRP input with the objective of estimating the magnitude of amended SRP retention within high and low SRP settings and determining the underlying mechanisms of SRP retention. First, we examined short-term SRP retention/transport using combined SRP-conservative tracer additions at high natural in situ concentrations. Second, we attempted to observe a DIN response during SRP amendment as an indicator of biological uptake. Third, we determined SRP release/retention using laboratory sediment assays under control and biologically inhibited conditions. Short-term in situ tracer-SRP additions indicated retention in both naturally high and low SRP reaches. Retention of added SRP mass in Upper Salto (low SRP) was 17% (7.5 mg-P m-2 h-1), and 20% (10.9 mg-P m-2 h -1) in Lower Salto (high SRP). No DIN response in either nitrate or ammonium was observed. Laboratory assays using fresh Lower Salto sediments indicated SRP release (15.4 ?? 5.9 ??g-P g dry wt.-1 h -1), when incubated in filter sterilized Salto water at ambient P concentration, but retention when incubated in filter sterilized river water amended to 2.0 mg SRP l-1 (233.2 ?? 5.8 ??g-P g dry wt. -1 h-1). SRP uptake/release was similar in both control- and biocide-treated sediments indicating predominantly abiotic retention. High SRP retention even under biologically saturated conditions, absence of a DIN response to amendment, patterns of desorption following amendment, and similar patterns of retention and release under control and biologically inhibited conditions all indicated predominantly abiotic P flux. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10533-006-9048-0","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Triska, F., Pringle, C.M., Duff, J., Avanzino, R., and Zellweger, G., 2006, Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) transport and retention in tropical, rain forest streams draining a volcanic landscape in Costa Rica: In situ SRP amendment to streams and laboratory studies: Biogeochemistry, v. 81, no. 2, p. 145-157, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-006-9048-0.","startPage":"145","endPage":"157","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209930,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-006-9048-0"},{"id":236690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b924ae4b08c986b319e03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Triska, F.","contributorId":70173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pringle, C. M.","contributorId":72902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pringle","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duff, J.H.","contributorId":60377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Avanzino, R.J.","contributorId":37336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zellweger, G.","contributorId":78526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028727,"text":"70028727 - 2006 - The rocks of Gusev Crater as viewed by the Mini-TES instrument","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028727","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The rocks of Gusev Crater as viewed by the Mini-TES instrument","docAbstract":"The Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) on board the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit is part of a payload designed to investigate whether a lake once existed in Gusev Crater. Mini-TES has observed hundreds of rocks along the rover's traverse into the Columbia Hills, yielding information on their distribution, bulk mineralogy, and the potential role of water at the site. Although dust in various forms produces contributions to the spectra, we have established techniques for dealing with it. All of the rocks encountered on the plains traverse from the lander to the base of the Columbia Hills share common spectral features consistent with an olivine-rich basaltic rock known as Adirondack Class. Beginning at the base of the West Spur of the Columbia Hills and across its length, the rocks are spectrally distinct from the plains but can be grouped into a common type called Clovis Class. These rocks, some of which appear as in-place outcrop, are dominated by a component whose spectral character is consistent with unaltered basaltic glass despite evidence from other rover instruments for significant alteration. The northwest flank of Husband Hill is covered in float rocks known as Wishstone Class with spectral features that can be attributed uniquely to plagioclase feldspar, a phase that represents more than half of the bulk mineralogy. Rare exceptions are three classes of basaltic \"exotics\" found scattered across Husband Hill that may represent impact ejecta and/or float derived from local intrusions within the hills. The rare outcrops observed on Husband Hill display distinctive spectral characteristics. The outcrop called Peace shows a feature attributable to molecular bound water, and the outcrop that hosts the rock called Watchtower displays a dominant basaltic glass component. Despite evidence from the rover's payload for significant alteration of some of the rocks, no unambiguous detection of crystalline phyllosilicates or other secondary silicates has been observed by Mini-TES. The mineralogical results supplied by Mini-TES provide no clear evidence that a lake once existed in Gusev Crater. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006JE002747","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Ruff, S.W., Christensen, P.R., Blaney, D., Farrand, W.H., Johnson, J.R., Michalski, J., Moersch, J., Wright, S., and Squyres, S.W., 2006, The rocks of Gusev Crater as viewed by the Mini-TES instrument: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 111, no. 12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JE002747.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477471,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006je002747","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209606,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JE002747"},{"id":236260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf48e4b08c986b3246a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruff, S. W.","contributorId":63136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruff","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, P. R.","contributorId":7819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blaney, D.L.","contributorId":43477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blaney","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farrand, W. H.","contributorId":64372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrand","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Michalski, J.R.","contributorId":46202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michalski","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moersch, J.E.","contributorId":75309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moersch","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wright, S.P.","contributorId":14622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70179544,"text":"70179544 - 2006 - Evaluation of larval sucker drift ecology at two proposed irrigation pump sites on the Williamson River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T12:38:02","indexId":"70179544","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":" Evaluation of larval sucker drift ecology at two proposed irrigation pump sites on the Williamson River","docAbstract":"n/a
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","publisherLocation":"Klamath Falls, OR","usgsCitation":"Tyler, T., Ellsworth, C., VanderKooi, S.P., and Shively, R., 2006, Evaluation of larval sucker drift ecology at two proposed irrigation pump sites on the Williamson River.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332866,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586e1837e4b0f5ce109fcb3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tyler, T.J.","contributorId":177756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tyler","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellsworth, C.M.","contributorId":177755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"VanderKooi, S. P.","contributorId":12587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanderKooi","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shively, R.S.","contributorId":79642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028729,"text":"70028729 - 2006 - Integration of the stratigraphic aspects of very large sea-floor databases using information processing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028729","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integration of the stratigraphic aspects of very large sea-floor databases using information processing","docAbstract":"Information-processing methods are described that integrate the stratigraphic aspects of large and diverse collections of sea-floor sample data. They efficiently convert common types of sea-floor data into database and GIS (geographical information system) tables, visual core logs, stratigraphic fence diagrams and sophisticated stratigraphic statistics. The input data are held in structured documents, essentially written core logs that are particularly efficient to create from raw input datasets. Techniques are described that permit efficient construction of regional databases consisting of hundreds of cores. The sedimentological observations in each core are located by their downhole depths (metres below sea floor - mbsf) and also by a verbal term that describes the sample 'situation' - a special fraction of the sediment or position in the core. The main processing creates a separate output event for each instance of top, bottom and situation, assigning top-base mbsf values from numeric or, where possible, from word-based relative locational information such as 'core catcher' in reference to sampler device, and recovery or penetration length. The processing outputs represent the sub-bottom as a sparse matrix of over 20 sediment properties of interest, such as grain size, porosity and colour. They can be plotted in a range of core-log programs including an in-built facility that better suits the requirements of sea-floor data. Finally, a suite of stratigraphic statistics are computed, including volumetric grades, overburdens, thicknesses and degrees of layering. ?? The Geological Society of London 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society Special Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03058719","isbn":"1862392102; 9781862392106","usgsCitation":"Jenkins, C.N., Flocks, J., and Kulp, M., 2006, Integration of the stratigraphic aspects of very large sea-floor databases using information processing: Geological Society Special Publication, no. 267, p. 229-240.","startPage":"229","endPage":"240","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"267","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c96e4b0c8380cd62e71","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rothwell R.G.","contributorId":128331,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Rothwell R.G.","id":536646,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Jenkins, Clinton N.","contributorId":101437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Clinton","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flocks, J.","contributorId":36724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kulp, M.","contributorId":39988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028829,"text":"70028829 - 2006 - Toxicity of synthetic musks to early life stages of the freshwater mussel Lampsilis cardium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028829","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of synthetic musks to early life stages of the freshwater mussel Lampsilis cardium","docAbstract":"Polycyclic musk fragrances are common additives to many consumer products. As a result of their widespread use and slow degradation rates, they are widely found in aquatic environments. This study reports on the lethal and sublethal toxicity of the polycyclic musks AHTN (Tonalide??) and HHCB (Galaxolide??) to glochidial (larval) and juvenile life stages of the freshwater mussel Lampsilis cardium (Rafinesque, 1820). In glochidia, 24-h median lethal concentrations (LC50s) ranged from 454 to 850 ??g AHTN/L and from 1000 to >1750 ??g HHCB/L (water solubility). Results for 48-h tests were similar to the 24-h tests. In 96-h tests with juveniles, we did not observe a dose-response relation between mortality and either musk. However, the growth rate was reduced by musk exposure. The median effective concentrations (EC50s, based on growth) were highly variable and ranged from 108 to 1034 ??g AHTN/L and 153 to 831 ??g HHCB/L. While all adverse effects occurred at concentrations that are much greater than those reported in natural waters (low ??g/L to ng/L), these results indicate the potential for adverse effects on these long-lived organisms from exposure to synthetic musk fragrances. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00244-005-0223-4","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Gooding, M., Newton, T., Bartsch, M., and Hornbuckle, K., 2006, Toxicity of synthetic musks to early life stages of the freshwater mussel Lampsilis cardium: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 51, no. 4, p. 549-558, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-0223-4.","startPage":"549","endPage":"558","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477447,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2757453","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209902,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-0223-4"},{"id":236649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb617e4b08c986b326a65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gooding, M.P.","contributorId":62008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooding","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newton, T.J.","contributorId":104428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartsch, M.R.","contributorId":42908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hornbuckle, K.C.","contributorId":28793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornbuckle","given":"K.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030641,"text":"70030641 - 2006 - Evidence of phyllosilicates in Wooly Patch, an altered rock encountered at West Spur, Columbia Hills, by the Spirit rover in Gusev crater, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T10:26:25","indexId":"70030641","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of phyllosilicates in Wooly Patch, an altered rock encountered at West Spur, Columbia Hills, by the Spirit rover in Gusev crater, Mars","docAbstract":"On its traverse to Columbia Hills, the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit investigated an outcrop designated “Wooly Patch” that exhibited morphological, mineralogical, and geochemical characteristics at the extreme ends of ranges observed among rocks studied at West Spur, a westward projecting salient near the foot of the Columbia Hills, Gusev crater. The major‐element composition and Fe‐mineralogy, as determined by the Alpha‐Particle X‐ray Spectrometer and Mössbauer Spectrometer, are inconsistent with any reasonable assemblage of basaltic minerals in that there is an excess of Si and Al. The combined data are best explained by the presence of 14–17% phyllosilicate minerals. Phyllosilicates that account for the composition and cation ratios include members of the kaolinite, serpentine, chlorite, and septechlorite groups. The potential existence of kaolinite‐type Al‐rich phyllosilicates within the Wooly Patch outcrop suggests a mildly acidic environment (pH 4–6) in the past and an open hydrologic system with good drainage conditions in the environment where these rocks were altered.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C. ","doi":"10.1029/2005JE002516","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Wang, A., Korotev, R., Jolliff, B., Haskin, L., Crumpler, L., Farrand, W.H., Herkenhoff, K.E., de Souza, J., Kusack, A., Hurowitz, J., and Tosca, N., 2006, Evidence of phyllosilicates in Wooly Patch, an altered rock encountered at West Spur, Columbia Hills, by the Spirit rover in Gusev crater, Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 111, no. E2, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JE002516.","productDescription":"22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477465,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005je002516","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Columbia Hills; Gusev Crater; Mars; West Spur; Wooly Patch","volume":"111","issue":"E2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d66e4b0c8380cd52fc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, A.","contributorId":46735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Korotev, R.L.","contributorId":47581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korotev","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jolliff, B.L.","contributorId":21268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolliff","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haskin, L.A.","contributorId":74926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haskin","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crumpler, L.","contributorId":59545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crumpler","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Farrand, W. H.","contributorId":64372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrand","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"de Souza, Jr. P.","contributorId":101453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Souza","given":"Jr.","suffix":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kusack, A.G.","contributorId":102275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kusack","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hurowitz, J.A.","contributorId":10994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurowitz","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Tosca, N.J.","contributorId":17354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tosca","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70028828,"text":"70028828 - 2006 - Posttournament survival and dispersal of adult striped bass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028828","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Posttournament survival and dispersal of adult striped bass","docAbstract":"We conducted a telemetry study from November 2004 to June 2005 at J. Strom Thurmond Reservoir in South Carolina and Georgia to quantify posttournament survival of striped bass and their dispersal from tournament weigh-in sites. During November-December 2004, 30 adult striped bass weighing 1.0-10.0 kg were angled, held in \"striped bass tube\" live-holding systems for 2-5 h, transported to a predetermined weigh-in and release site, and surgically implanted with telemetry transmitters. All striped bass survived transport, recovered from the surgical procedure, and were immediately released. The postrelease survival rate after 120 d was 87%. Surviving striped bass dispersed from the release site within 2-9 d. Fifty-four percent returned to their capture sites. Capture, holding, displacement, and weigh-in appeared to have no long-term adverse affects on behavior. Live release of striped bass may now be a viable option after tournaments during periods of cool water temperatures. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M05-105.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Young, S., and Isely, J.J., 2006, Posttournament survival and dispersal of adult striped bass: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 26, no. 4, p. 1030-1033, https://doi.org/10.1577/M05-105.1.","startPage":"1030","endPage":"1033","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209875,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M05-105.1"},{"id":236618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e9de4b0c8380cd7a64f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, S.P.","contributorId":50265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Isely, J. Jeffery","contributorId":97224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isely","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffery","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028826,"text":"70028826 - 2006 - Correlated growth and survival of juvenile spectacled eiders: Evidence of habitat limitation?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T15:35:14","indexId":"70028826","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlated growth and survival of juvenile spectacled eiders: Evidence of habitat limitation?","docAbstract":"We studied the growth and survival of Spectacled Eider (Somateria fischeri) ducklings to 30 days of age along the lower Kashunuk River on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta from 1995 to 2000. We replicated this study at a second site, Kigigak Island, in 1999 and 2000. Age-adjusted estimates of duckling mass and survival at 30 days posthatching were highly variable. Duckling survival was consistently higher on Kigigak Island in 1999 and 2000, averaging 67%, while survival on the Kashunuk River averaged 45% during the same time period. Duckling survival was negatively related to hatching date. At the Kashunuk River site our data supported models that indicated age-adjusted mass varied with habitat type and declined with hatching date. Ducklings from Kashunuk River were heavier in 1999, while ducklings from Kigigak Island were heavier in 2000. However, we found a positive correlation between 30-day duckling survival and age-adjusted mass, suggesting a localized environmental effect on both parameters. We conclude that predation may be the proximate mechanism of mortality, but habitat conditions are likely the ultimate factors influencing duckling survival. Geographic variation in rates of duckling survival and apparent growth suggest that spatial heterogeneity in population vital rates is occurring at multiple levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[901:CGASOJ]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., Morse, J.A., Grand, J.B., and Moran, C.L., 2006, Correlated growth and survival of juvenile spectacled eiders: Evidence of habitat limitation?: The Condor, v. 108, no. 4, p. 901-911, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[901:CGASOJ]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"901","endPage":"911","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477481,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[901:cgasoj]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"108","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc21e4b0c8380cd4e131","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":419901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morse, Julie A.","contributorId":63939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morse","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":419900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moran, Christine L.","contributorId":6621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moran","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":419899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028813,"text":"70028813 - 2006 - Airport geomagnetic surveys in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028813","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2802,"text":"NATO Security through Science Series C: Environmental Security","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Airport geomagnetic surveys in the United States","docAbstract":"The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the United States military have requirements for design, location, and construction of compass calibration pads (compass roses), these having been developed through collaboration with US Geological Survey (USGS) personnel. These requirements are detailed in the FAA Advisory Circular AC 150/5300-13, Appendix 4, and in various military documents, such as Handbook 1021/1, but the major requirement is that the range of declination measured within 75 meters of the center of a compass rose be less than or equal to 30 minutes of arc. The USGS Geomagnetism Group has developed specific methods for conducting a magnetic survey so that existing compass roses can be judged in terms of the needed standards and also that new sites can be evaluated for their suitability as potentially new compass roses. First, a preliminary survey is performed with a total-field magnetometer, with differences over the site area of less than 75nT being sufficient to warrant additional, more detailed surveying. Next, a number of survey points are established over the compass rose area and nearby, where declination is to be measured with an instrument capable of measuring declination to within 1 minute of arc, such as a Gurley transit magnetometer, DI Flux theodolite magnetometer, or Wild T-0. The data are corrected for diurnal and irregular effects of the magnetic field and declination is determined for each survey point, as well as declination range and average of the entire compass rose site. Altogether, a typical survey takes about four days to complete. ?? 2006 Springer.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"NATO Security through Science Series C: Environmental Security","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4020-5025-1_19","issn":"18714668","isbn":"1402050232; 9781402050237","usgsCitation":"Berarducci, A., 2006, Airport geomagnetic surveys in the United States: NATO Security through Science Series C: Environmental Security, p. 247-258, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5025-1_19.","startPage":"247","endPage":"258","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209717,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5025-1_19"},{"id":236409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e92be4b0c8380cd48133","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berarducci, A.","contributorId":11393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berarducci","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028929,"text":"70028929 - 2006 - Alternate corrections for estimating actual wetland evapotranspiration from potential evapotranspiration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T17:38:06","indexId":"70028929","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alternate corrections for estimating actual wetland evapotranspiration from potential evapotranspiration","docAbstract":"Corrections can be used to estimate actual wetland evapotranspiration (AET) from potential evapotranspiration (PET) as a means to define the hydrology of wetland areas. Many alternate parameterizations for correction coefficients for three PET equations are presented, covering a wide range of possible data-availability scenarios. At nine sites in the wetland Everglades of south Florida, USA, the relatively complex PET Penman equation was corrected to daily total AET with smaller standard errors than the PET simple and Priestley-Taylor equations. The simpler equations, however, required less data (and thus less funding for instrumentation), with the possibility of being corrected to AET with slightly larger, comparable, or even smaller standard errors. Air temperature generally corrected PET simple most effectively to wetland AET, while wetland stage and humidity generally corrected PET Priestley-Taylor and Penman most effectively to wetland AET. Stage was identified for PET Priestley-Taylor and Penman as the data type with the most correction ability at sites that are dry part of each year or dry part of some years. Finally, although surface water generally was readily available at each monitoring site, AET was not occurring at potential rates, as conceptually expected under well-watered conditions. Apparently, factors other than water availability, such as atmospheric and stomata resistances to vapor transport, also were limiting the PET rate. ?? 2006, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[528:ACFEAW]2.0.CO;2","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Shoemaker, W., and Sumner, D.M., 2006, Alternate corrections for estimating actual wetland evapotranspiration from potential evapotranspiration: Wetlands, v. 26, no. 2, p. 528-543, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[528:ACFEAW]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"528","endPage":"543","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209855,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[528:ACFEAW]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e97ce4b0c8380cd482f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shoemaker, W. Barclay bshoemak@usgs.gov","contributorId":1495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"W. Barclay","email":"bshoemak@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":420599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sumner, D. M.","contributorId":100827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028811,"text":"70028811 - 2006 - Virulence comparisons of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus U and M genogroups in sockeye salmon and rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T16:40:56","indexId":"70028811","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Virulence comparisons of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus U and M genogroups in sockeye salmon and rainbow trout","docAbstract":"Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is an aquatic rhabdovirus that infects salmonids in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, Europe, and Asia. Isolates of IHNV have been phylogenetically classified into three major viral genogroups, designated U, M, and L. To characterize virulence of IHNV in the context of these three viral genogroups, seven strains of IHNV (three U genogroup strains, three M strains, and one L strain) were compared for their pathogenicity in juvenile sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka, kokanee (lacustrine sockeye salmon), and rainbow trout O. mykiss. Fish were waterborne-exposed to the different viral strains, and virulence was assessed by comparing mortality curves and final cumulative percent mortality (CPM) in both species of fish at 10??C and 15??C. In sockeye salmon and kokanee, the U genogroup virus types were extremely virulent, causing average CPMs of 69-100%, while the M genogroup virus types caused very little or no mortality (CPM = 0-4%). The endangered Redfish Lake sockeye salmon stock exhibited extreme differences in susceptibility to the U and M genogroups. Conversely, in two stocks of rainbow trout, the M genogroup virus types were more virulent, inducing average CPMs of 25-85%, while the U genogroup viruses caused lower mortality (CPM = 5-41%). In both fish species, the single L genogroup strain caused low to intermediate mortality (CPM = 13-53%). Viral glycoprotein sequence comparisons of the seven challenge strains revealed three amino acid sites (247, 256, and 270) that consistently differed between the U and M genogroups, possibly contributing to pathogenicity differences. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2006.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/H05-038.1","issn":"08997659","usgsCitation":"Garver, K., Batts, W., and Kurath, G., 2006, Virulence comparisons of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus U and M genogroups in sockeye salmon and rainbow trout: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 18, no. 4, p. 232-243, https://doi.org/10.1577/H05-038.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"232","endPage":"243","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209697,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/H05-038.1"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc277e4b08c986b32ab68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garver, K.A.","contributorId":42766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garver","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batts, W.N. 0000-0002-6469-9004","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6469-9004","contributorId":51043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batts","given":"W.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":100522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":419849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028808,"text":"70028808 - 2006 - Rupture propagation of the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake from observations at the UPSAR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028808","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rupture propagation of the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake from observations at the UPSAR","docAbstract":"Using a short-baseline seismic array (U.S. Geological Survey Parkfield Dense Seismograph Array [UPSAR]) about 12 km west of the rupture initiation of the 28 September 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield, California, earthquake, we have observed the movement of the rupture front of this earthquake on the San Andreas fault. The sources of high-frequency arrivals at UPSAR, which we use to identify the rupture front, are mapped onto the San Andreas fault using their apparent velocity and back azimuth. Measurements of apparent velocity and back azimuth are calibrated using aftershocks, which have a compact source and known location. Aftershock back azimuths show considerable lateral refraction, consistent with a high-velocity ridge on the southwest side of the fault. We infer that the initial mainshock rupture velocity was approximately the Rayleigh speed (with respect to slower side of the fault), and the rupture then slowed to about 0.66?? near the town of Parkfield after 2 sec. The last well-correlated pulse, 4 sec after S, is the largest at UPSAR, and its source is near the region of large accelerations recorded by strong-motion accelerographs and close to northern extent of continuous surface fractures on the southwest fracture zone. Coincidence of sources with preshock and aftershock distributions suggests fault material properties control rupture behavior. High-frequency sources approximately correlate with the edges of asperities identified as regions of high slip derived from inversion of strong-motion waveforms.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050812","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Fletcher, J.B., Spudich, P., and Baker, L., 2006, Rupture propagation of the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake from observations at the UPSAR: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 4 B, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050812.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209670,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050812"},{"id":236341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"4 B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaedae4b0c8380cd87265","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fletcher, Joe B.","contributorId":8850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spudich, P.","contributorId":85700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spudich","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, L.M.","contributorId":40608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028807,"text":"70028807 - 2006 - Prevalence of Microsporidia, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia spp. in beavers (Castor canadensis) in Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028807","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prevalence of Microsporidia, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia spp. in beavers (Castor canadensis) in Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Feces from 62 beavers (Castor canadensis) in Massachusetts were examined by fluorescence microscopy (IFA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Microsporidia species, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia spp. between January 2002 and December 2004. PCR-positive specimens were further examined by gene sequencing. Protist parasites were detected in 6.4% of the beavers. All were subadults and kits. Microsporidia species were not detected. Giardia spp. was detected by IFA from four beavers; Cryptosporidium spp. was also detected by IFA from two of these beavers. However, gene sequence data for the ssrRNA gene from these two Cryptosporidium spp.-positive beavers were inconclusive in identifying the species. Nucleotide sequences of the TPI, ssrRNA, and ??-giardin genes for Giardia spp. (deposited in GenBank) indicated that the four beavers were excreting Giardia duodenalis Assemblage B, the zoonotic genotype representing a potential source of waterborne Giardia spp. cysts. Copyright 2006 by American Association of Zoo Veterinarians.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10427260","usgsCitation":"Fayer, R., Santin, M., Trout, J., DeStefano, S., Koenen, K., and Kaur, T., 2006, Prevalence of Microsporidia, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia spp. in beavers (Castor canadensis) in Massachusetts: Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 37, no. 4, p. 492-497.","startPage":"492","endPage":"497","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b69e4b0c8380cd7e243","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fayer, R.","contributorId":98684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fayer","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santin, M.","contributorId":81684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santin","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trout, J.M.","contributorId":81855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trout","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeStefano, S.","contributorId":84309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koenen, K.","contributorId":84964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koenen","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kaur, T.","contributorId":94839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaur","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028730,"text":"70028730 - 2006 - Foreword: Understanding through modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028730","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Foreword: Understanding through modeling","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00270.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Zheng, C., Poeter, E., Hill, M., and Doherty, J., 2006, Foreword: Understanding through modeling, in Ground Water, v. 44, no. 6, p. 769-770, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00270.x.","startPage":"769","endPage":"770","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477531,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00270.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209637,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00270.x"},{"id":236300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1342e4b0c8380cd545a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zheng, C.","contributorId":39976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poeter, E.","contributorId":48708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poeter","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, M.","contributorId":12635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doherty, J.","contributorId":98425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028927,"text":"70028927 - 2006 - Using experimental and geospatial data to estimate regional carbon sequestration potential under no-till management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T16:06:03","indexId":"70028927","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3419,"text":"Soil Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using experimental and geospatial data to estimate regional carbon sequestration potential under no-till management","docAbstract":"Conservation management of croplands at the plot scale has demonstrated a great potential to mitigate the greenhouse effect through sequestration of atmospheric carbon (C) into soil. This study estimated the potential of soil to sequester C through the conversion of croplands from conventional tillage (CT) to no-till (NT) in the East Central United States between 1992 and 2012. This study used the baseline soil organic C (SOC) pool (SOCP) inventory and the empirical models that describe the relationships of the SOCP under CT and NT, respectively, to their baseline SOCP in the upper 30-cm depth of soil. The baseline SOCP were obtained from the State Soil Geographic database, and the cropland distribution map was generated from the 1992 National Land Cover Database. The results indicate that if all the croplands under CT in 1992 were converted to NT, the SOCP would increase by 16.8% by 2012, which results in a total C sink of 136 Tg after 20 years. A greater sequestration rate would occur in soils with lower baseline SOCP, but the sink strength would be weaker with increasing SOCP levels. The CT-induced C sources tend to become larger in soils with higher baseline levels, which can be significantly reduced by adopting NT. We conclude that baseline SOC contents are an indicator of C sequestration potential with NT practices. ?? 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.","language":"English","publisher":"Wolters Kluwer Healt","doi":"10.1097/01.ss.0000235845.17826.f0","issn":"0038075X","usgsCitation":"Tan, Z., Lal, R., and Liu, S., 2006, Using experimental and geospatial data to estimate regional carbon sequestration potential under no-till management: Soil Science, v. 171, no. 12, p. 950-959, https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ss.0000235845.17826.f0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"950","endPage":"959","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209829,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ss.0000235845.17826.f0"}],"volume":"171","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc04ce4b08c986b32a045","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tan, Z.","contributorId":60831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lal, R.","contributorId":18559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lal","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028731,"text":"70028731 - 2006 - Spatial structure in the diet of imperial eagles Aquila heliaca in Kazakhstan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T14:24:38","indexId":"70028731","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2190,"text":"Journal of Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial structure in the diet of imperial eagles Aquila heliaca in Kazakhstan","docAbstract":"We evaluated the relationship between spatial variability in prey and food habits of eastern imperial eagles Aquila heliaca at a 90,000 ha national nature reserve in north-central Kazakhstan. Eagle diet varied greatly within the population and the spatial structure of eagle diet within the population varied according to the scale of measurement. Patterns in dietary response were inconsistent with expectations if either ontogenetic imprinting or competition determined diet choice, but they met expectations if functional response determined diet. Eagles nesting near a high-density prey resource used that resource almost exclusively. In contrast, in locations with no single high-density prey species, eagles' diet was more diverse. Our results demonstrate that spatial structuring of diet of vertebrate predators can provide important insight into the mechanisms that drive dietary decisions. ?? OIKOS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Avian Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.2006.0908-8857.03617.x","issn":"09088857","usgsCitation":"Katzner, T., Bragin, E.A., Knick, S., and Smith, A., 2006, Spatial structure in the diet of imperial eagles Aquila heliaca in Kazakhstan: Journal of Avian Biology, v. 37, no. 6, p. 594-600, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0908-8857.03617.x.","startPage":"594","endPage":"600","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209638,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0908-8857.03617.x"}],"volume":"37","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94a9e4b08c986b31abd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katzner, T.E.","contributorId":36340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"T.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bragin, E. A.","contributorId":98922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bragin","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knick, S.T.","contributorId":71290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, A.T.","contributorId":108291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028883,"text":"70028883 - 2006 - Mercury methylation influenced by areas of past mercury mining in the Terlingua district, Southwest Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028883","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury methylation influenced by areas of past mercury mining in the Terlingua district, Southwest Texas, USA","docAbstract":"Speciation and microbial transformation of Hg was studied in mine waste from abandoned Hg mines in SW Texas to evaluate the potential for methyl-Hg production and degradation in mine wastes. In mine waste samples, total Hg, ionic Hg2+, Hg0, methyl-Hg, organic C, and total S concentrations were measured, various Hg compounds were identified using thermal desorption pyrolysis, and potential rates of Hg methylation and methyl-Hg demethylation were determined using isotopic-tracer methods. These data are the first reported for Hg mines in this region. Total Hg and methyl-Hg concentrations were also determined in stream sediment collected downstream from two of the mines to evaluate transport of Hg and methylation in surrounding ecosystems. Mine waste contains total Hg and methyl-Hg concentrations as high as 19,000 ??g/g and 1500 ng/g, respectively, which are among the highest concentrations reported at Hg mines worldwide. Pyrolysis analyses show that mine waste contains variable amounts of cinnabar, metacinnabar, Hg0, and Hg sorbed onto particles. Methyl-Hg concentrations in mine waste correlate positively with ionic Hg2+, organic C, and total S, which are geochemical parameters that influence processes of Hg cycling and methylation. Net methylation rates were as high as 11,000 ng/g/day, indicating significant microbial Hg methylation at some sites, especially in samples collected inside retorts. Microbially-mediated methyl-Hg demethylation was also observed in many samples, but where both methylation and demethylation were found, the potential rate of methylation was faster. Total Hg concentrations in stream sediment samples were generally below the probable effect concentration of 1.06 ??g/g, the Hg concentration above which harmful effects are likely to be observed in sediment dwelling organisms; whereas total Hg concentrations in mine waste samples were found to exceed this concentration, although this is a sediment quality guideline and is not directly applicable to mine waste. Although total Hg and methyl-Hg concentrations are locally high in some mine waste samples, little Hg appears to be exported from these Hg mines in stream sediment primarily due to the arid climate and lack of precipitation and mine runoff in this region. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.08.016","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.E., Hines, M., and Biester, H., 2006, Mercury methylation influenced by areas of past mercury mining in the Terlingua district, Southwest Texas, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 21, no. 11, p. 1940-1954, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.08.016.","startPage":"1940","endPage":"1954","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209700,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.08.016"},{"id":236380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5423e4b0c8380cd6cec0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, J. E.","contributorId":49363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, M.E.","contributorId":97287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biester, H.","contributorId":44333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biester","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028926,"text":"70028926 - 2006 - Improving the design of acoustic and midwater trawl surveys through stratification, with an application to Lake Michigan prey fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T09:14:40","indexId":"70028926","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving the design of acoustic and midwater trawl surveys through stratification, with an application to Lake Michigan prey fishes","docAbstract":"Reliable estimates of fish biomass are vital to the management of aquatic ecosystems and their associated fisheries. Acoustic and midwater trawl surveys are an efficient sampling method for estimating fish biomass in large bodies of water. To improve the precision of biomass estimates from combined acoustic and midwater trawl surveys, sampling effort should be optimally allocated within each stage of the survey design. Based on information collected during fish surveys, we developed an approach to improve the design of combined acoustic and midwater trawl surveys through stratification. Geographic strata for acoustic surveying and depth strata for midwater trawling were defined using neighbor-restricted cluster analysis, and the optimal allocation of sampling effort for each was then determined. As an example, we applied this survey stratification approach to data from lakewide acoustic and midwater trawl surveys of Lake Michigan prey fishes. Precision of biomass estimates from surveys with and without geographic stratification was compared through resampling. Use of geographic stratification with optimal sampling allocation reduced the variance of Lake Michigan acoustic biomass estimates by 77%. Stratification and optimal allocation at each stage of an acoustic and midwater trawl survey should serve to reduce the variance of the resulting biomass estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M04-216.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Adams, J., Argyle, R., Fleischer, G., Curtis, G., and Stickel, R., 2006, Improving the design of acoustic and midwater trawl surveys through stratification, with an application to Lake Michigan prey fishes: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 26, no. 3, p. 612-621, https://doi.org/10.1577/M04-216.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"612","endPage":"621","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209828,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M04-216.1"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a397fe4b0c8380cd6193f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, J.V.","contributorId":94069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Argyle, R.L.","contributorId":103614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Argyle","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleischer, G.W.","contributorId":33281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Curtis, G.L.","contributorId":62003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stickel, R.G.","contributorId":61229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}