{"pageNumber":"2443","pageRowStart":"61050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68807,"records":[{"id":4015,"text":"cir649 - 1972 - Preliminary appraisal of ground water in storage with reference to geothermal resources in the Imperial Valley area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:33","indexId":"cir649","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"649","title":"Preliminary appraisal of ground water in storage with reference to geothermal resources in the Imperial Valley area, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"[U.S. Dept. of the Interior],","doi":"10.3133/cir649","usgsCitation":"Dutcher, L., Hardt, W.F., and Moyle, W., 1972, Preliminary appraisal of ground water in storage with reference to geothermal resources in the Imperial Valley area, California: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 649, iv, 57 p. :illus. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir649.","productDescription":"iv, 57 p. :illus. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1972/0649/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31107,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1972/0649/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67ca86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dutcher, L.C.","contributorId":42191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutcher","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardt, W. F.","contributorId":12455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardt","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moyle, W. R.","contributorId":27421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyle","given":"W. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":6225,"text":"pp717 - 1972 - Geology and ground-water characteristics of the Hanford Reservation of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:53","indexId":"pp717","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"717","title":"Geology and ground-water characteristics of the Hanford Reservation of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp717","usgsCitation":"Newcomb, R.C., Strand, J., and Frank, F.J., 1972, Geology and ground-water characteristics of the Hanford Reservation of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 717, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp717.","productDescription":"78 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":104725,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5014.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"5014"},{"id":126495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0717/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33428,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0717/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33429,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0717/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33430,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0717/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33431,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0717/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685fd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newcomb, Reuben Clair","contributorId":37712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newcomb","given":"Reuben","email":"","middleInitial":"Clair","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strand, J.R.","contributorId":93896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strand","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frank, F. J.","contributorId":95037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":4711,"text":"twri04B1 - 1972 - Low-flow investigations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:31","indexId":"twri04B1","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"04-B1","title":"Low-flow investigations","docAbstract":"This manual describes methods of defining the low-flow characteristics of streams, shows how certain basin characteristics influence the mean and variability of annual low flows, and recommends procedures for data collection, analysis, and reporting.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/twri04B1","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Riggs, H.C., 1972, Low-flow investigations: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 04-B1, vi, 18 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm. Reprinted in 1982, 1989., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri04B1.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm. Reprinted in 1982, 1989.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":300,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri4b1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648796","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riggs, H. C.","contributorId":17210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":149660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":3610,"text":"cir676 - 1972 - Estimated use of water in the United States in 1970","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-09T13:34:34","indexId":"cir676","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"676","title":"Estimated use of water in the United States in 1970","docAbstract":"<p>Estimates of water use in the United States in 1970 indicate that an average of about 370 bgd (billion gallons per day)about 1,800 gallons per capita per day--was withdrawn for the four principal off-channel uses which are (1) public-supply (for domestic, commercial, and industrial uses), (2) rural (domestic and livestock), (3) irrigation, and (4) self-supplied industrial (including thermoelectric power). In 1970, withdrawals for these uses exceeded by 19 percent the 310 bgd estimated for 1965. Increases in the various categories of off-channel water use since 1965 were: approximately 25 percent for self-supplied industry (mainly in electric-utility thermoelectric plants), 13 percent for public supplies, 13 percent for rural supplies, and 8 percent for irrigation. Industrial water withdrawals included 54 bgd of saline water, a 20 percent increase in 5 years. The fifth principal withdrawal use, hydroelectric power (an in-channel use), amounted to 2,800 bgd, a 5-year increase of 22 percent. In computing total withdrawals, recycling within a plant (reuse) is not counted, but withdrawal of the same water by a downstream user (cumulative withdrawals) is counted. The quantity of fresh water consumed--that is, water made unavailable for further possible withdrawal because of evaporation, incorporation in crops and manufactured products, and other causes--was estimated to average 87 bgd for 1970, an increase of about 12 percent since 1965.</p>\n<p>Estimates of water withdrawn from the principal sources indicated that 68 bgd came from fresh ground water, l bgd came from saline ground water, 250 bgd came from fresh surface water, 53 bgd came from saline surface water, and 0.5 bgd was reclaimed sewage.</p>\n<p>The average annual streamflow--simplified measure of the total available water supply--is approximately 1,200 bgd in the conterminous United States. Total water withdrawn in 1970 for off-channel uses (withdrawals other than for hydroelectric power) amounted to about 30 percent of the average annual streamflow: 7 percent of the 1,200 bgd basic supply was consumed. However, comparisons of Water Resources Council regions indicate that the rate of withdrawal was higher than the locally dependable supply in the Middle Atlantic, Texas-Gulf, Rio Grande, Lower Colorado, and California-South Pacific regions. Consumption amounted to nearly 25 percent of withdrawals in the conterminous United States; however, fresh-water consumption amounted to only 14 percent of off-channel withdrawals in the 31 Eastern States and ranged from 30 percent to nearly 70 percent of off-channel withdrawals in the Water Resources Council regions in the West. In the Rio Grande and Lower Colorado regions, fresh-water consumption in 1970 exceeded the estimated dependable supply of fresh water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir676","usgsCitation":"Murray, C.R., and Reeves, E.B., 1972, Estimated use of water in the United States in 1970: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 676, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir676.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1972/0676/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30646,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1972/0676/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db5461a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, Charles Richard","contributorId":34115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":36966,"text":"Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":147252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reeves, E. Bodette","contributorId":100366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bodette","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":3104,"text":"wsp2016 - 1972 - Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1967, Parts 12-16, North Pacific slope basins, Alaska, and Hawaii and other Pacific areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:36","indexId":"wsp2016","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016","title":"Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1967, Parts 12-16, North Pacific slope basins, Alaska, and Hawaii and other Pacific areas","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2016","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1972, Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1967, Parts 12-16, North Pacific slope basins, Alaska, and Hawaii and other Pacific areas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2016, xvi, 431 p. :tables ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2016.","productDescription":"xvi, 431 p. :tables ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2016/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30016,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2016/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db6519c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":15871,"text":"ofr72344 - 1972 - Brief description as of April, 1968, of the geology and hydrology of the Lake Minnequa area, Pueblo, Colorado, and suggested solutions for trouble caused by a high water table","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-21T10:08:57","indexId":"ofr72344","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-344","title":"Brief description as of April, 1968, of the geology and hydrology of the Lake Minnequa area, Pueblo, Colorado, and suggested solutions for trouble caused by a high water table","docAbstract":"<p>Lake Minnequa lies in a poorly drained broad upland buried valley west of the valley of Salt Creek. Immediately north of Lake Minnequa the buried valley is sharply constricted in sees. 11 and 12, T. 21 S., R. 65 W., where it is entrenched in a buried ridge of bedrock (see geologic map). &nbsp;The bedrock throughout the buried valley is composed of calcareous shale, limestone, and chalk of the Smoky Hill Shale Member of the Niobrara Formation. &nbsp;These beds are relatively impermeable to the flow of ground water, but contribute large quantities of sodium sulfate to both the surface and ground water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72344","usgsCitation":"Scott, G.R., 1972, Brief description as of April, 1968, of the geology and hydrology of the Lake Minnequa area, Pueblo, Colorado, and suggested solutions for trouble caused by a high water table: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-344, Report: 8 p.; 1 Plate: 7.5 x 10.4 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72344.","productDescription":"Report: 8 p.; 1 Plate: 7.5 x 10.4 inches","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr72344.jpg"},{"id":310243,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0344/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310244,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0344/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Pueblo","otherGeospatial":"Lake Minnequa","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.64434623718262,\n              38.21336707443815\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.64434623718262,\n              38.247617642702096\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.60589408874512,\n              38.247617642702096\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.60589408874512,\n              38.21336707443815\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.64434623718262,\n              38.21336707443815\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb3ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Glenn R.","contributorId":102046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":12446,"text":"ofr726 - 1972 - Lithium in surface and ground waters of the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:33","indexId":"ofr726","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-6","title":"Lithium in surface and ground waters of the conterminous United States","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr726","usgsCitation":"Anderson, B.M., 1972, Lithium in surface and ground waters of the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-6, 5 leaves :map ;27 cm.; 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr726.","productDescription":"5 leaves :map ;27 cm.; 7 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4e55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Barbara M.","contributorId":75155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":14383,"text":"ofr72200 - 1972 - Geochemistry of selected areas in the southern Black Hills, Fall River County, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-01T21:57:54.960363","indexId":"ofr72200","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-200","title":"Geochemistry of selected areas in the southern Black Hills, Fall River County, South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>Geologic and radiometric studies and chemical analyses of soils, rocks, and water were made north of an area between Edgemont and Hot Springs, South Dakota.</p><p>The soil is shallow, poorly developed, and not present in some areas. The median pH of the soil from three areas ranges from 6.7 to 7.0. Rocks are more alkaline and have a median pH from several areas of 7.3 to 8.9 and some mineralized rocks have a pH of 9.4.</p><p>The pH of shallow perched high-radon bearing waters varies from 3.5 to 6.8 as contrasted to deeply originating low-radon bearing thermal waters with very small ranges of from 6.9 to 7.0.</p><p>Sediments are oxidized down to the perched water table, a depth of more than 50 feet below the surface of the ground. The uranium deposits are mostly in this zone of oxidation and are characterized by the minerals carnotite and tyuyamunite. In the oxidized zone sandstones are most commonly colored a very pale orange in contrast to the underlying yellowish gray colored sandstones. Mudstones, in the oxidized zone, are most commonly colored a grayish orange in contrast to the underlying olive gray colored mudstones. The characteristic mineral in the oxidized zone is hematite, and below, pyrite.</p><p>Sediments in the oxidized zone contain not only less iron and uranium than do the underlying sediments but also the joints and contacts between strata in this oxidized zone contain relative large amounts of arsenic, barium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, manganese, nickel, vanadium, and zinc.</p><p>No pattern was apparent in the size and position of mineralized zones with respect to ground water levels: Highly uraniferous beds occurred above, at, and below the uppermost perched water levels.</p><p>Gamma ray logs were made of 43 drill holes that totalled about 4,300 feet. The number and intensity of radioactivity peaks was a function of increasing grain size in the sediments. About 60 percent of the gamma ray radioactivity peaks occurred within beds rather than at their contacts. Contacts between coarser-grained beds contained a higher incidence of radioactivity peaks than contacts between finer-grained beds. Between beds of dissimilar lithology such as between mudstones and sandstones or very fine-grained sandstones and medium-grained sandstones, the coarser the bed at the contact in relation to the other bed at the contact the greater the chance for a radioactivity peak. An apparently impermeable bed above or below a contact seemed to have little influence on the number and magnitude of radioactivity peaks. Over 70 percent of the radioactivity peaks occurred, not as isolated peaks, but in groups containing from two to ten peaks. Most of these groups were in sandstones rather than in mudstones. The average vertical range of each group of radioactivity peaks is 15 feet, and for isolated peaks, one foot.</p><p>Radiometric anomalies apparently are not detected by hand-carried scintillometers unless there is a subsurface anomaly greater than about 1,000 counts per second within a few feet of the surface of the ground. Larger radioactivity anomalies occurred in the higher sloping areas. The chances for uranium anomalies in soil were best where the soil was underlain by an uraniferous coarse non-calcareous sandstone which was intersected by joint or faults.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72200","usgsCitation":"Jones, R.S., 1972, Geochemistry of selected areas in the southern Black Hills, Fall River County, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-200, Report: vi, 124 p.; 13 Plates: 19.57 x 23.68 inches or smaller; 4 Figures: 25.12 x 31.01 inches or smaller; 14 Tables: 29.91 x 7.73 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72200.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 124 p.; 13 Plates: 19.57 x 23.68 inches or smaller; 4 Figures: 25.12 x 31.01 inches or smaller; 14 Tables: 29.91 x 7.73 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":426212,"rank":33,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0200/Table-19.pdf","text":"Table 19","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":426210,"rank":31,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0200/Table-17-2.pdf","text":"Table 17-2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":426209,"rank":30,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0200/Table-17-1.pdf","text":"Table 17-1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":426206,"rank":27,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0200/Table-12.pdf","text":"Table 12","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":426205,"rank":26,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0200/Table-11.pdf","text":"Table 11","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":426204,"rank":25,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0200/Table-10.pdf","text":"Table 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,{"id":14667,"text":"ofr72230 - 1972 - Regional and other general factors bearing on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards to coastal communities of southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-09T20:07:02.07676","indexId":"ofr72230","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-230","title":"Regional and other general factors bearing on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards to coastal communities of southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The great Alaska earthquake of March 27, 1964, brought into sharp focus the need for engineering geologic studies in seismically active regions. As a result, nine communities in southeastern Alaska were selected for reconnaissance investigations as an integral part of an overall program to evaluate earthquake and other geologic hazards in most of the larger Alaska coastal communities. This report gives background information on the regional and other general factors that bear on these evaluations.</p><p>Southeastern Alaska, about 525 miles long and averaging about 125 miles in width, consists of a narrow mainland strip and numerous islands. For the most part, it is a region of rugged relief with numerous glaciers capping many of the higher mountainous areas and with long linear fiords forming the inland waterways. A maritime climate prevails with mild winters and cool summers. The southeastern part of the region receives the highest precipitation in the continental United States. Ketchikan, with a population of 6,994 in 1970, is the largest city. Geology and structure of the area are complex. Igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks crop out and range in age from Paleozoic to Tertiary. Surficial deposits of Pleistocene and Holocene age mantle many areas.</p><p>All of southeastern Alaska, except probably the highest peaks, was covered by glacier ice advances of late Pleistocene age. Major deglaciation was well advanced by 10,000 years ago--a time which approximately marks the end of the Pleistocene and the beginning of the Holocene. There followed a period of warm climate called the Hypsithermal, which in southeastern Alaska began 7,000-8,000 years ago and ended about 4,800-3,500 years ago. Glaciers in most places receded back of their present positions. The Hypsithermal was followed by an interval (termed Neoglaciation) of cooler climate and resurgence of glacier ice which continues to the present, although most glaciers are now rapidly receding.</p><p>During the past 10,000 years worldwide sea level has risen about 100 feet, but during the past 4,000 years it has risen only about 10 feet or about 0.03 inch per year. With sea level used as a datum, the amount of sea-level rise must be added to the apparent uplift of land for the time under consideration to determine the actual amount of land uplift.</p><p>The widespread presence of emergent marine deposits, several hundred feet above sea level, demonstrates that the land in southeastern Alaska has been uplifted since the last major deglaciation. The greatest known has been uplifted since the last major deglaciation. The greatest known uplift is in the vicinity of Juneau where glaciomarine deposits are present 750 feet above present sea level. Part of southeastern Alaska is presently undergoing one of the most rapid rates of uplift of any place in the world. The fastest emergence is occurring in the Glacier Bay area where the land is being uplifted relative to sea level approximately 3.9 cm per year. Most or all of the uplift appears to be due to rebound as a result of deglaciation.<br></p><p>Southeastern Alaska lies within the circum-Pacific earthquake belt, one of the world's greatest zones of seismic activity. During historic time, there have been five earthquakes in the region with magnitudes of 8 or greater, three with magnitudes of 7 to 8, eight with magnitudes of 6 to 7, more than 15 with magnitudes of 5 to 6, and about 140 recorded earthquakes with magnitudes smaller than 5 or of unassigned magnitudes. All of the earthquakes with magnitudes 8 or greater, and a large proportion of the others, appear to be related to the active Fairweather- Queen Charlotte Islands fault system or its western extension, the Chugach-St. Elias fault. Earthquake epicenters on the Denali fault system, the other major fault system in southeastern Alaska, are few in comparison. However, because high microearthquake activity has been recorded recently on this system and earthquakes of moderate size have occurred on some of its segments, the Denali fault system probably should not be dismissed as a relict fault system of no current tectonic importance. There are numerous other known faults, as well as lineaments that may be faults of varying degrees of tectonic activity in southeastern Alaska, adjacent Canada, and eastern Alaska. One of these elements is the Totschunda fault system, which connects with the Denali fault system in eastern Alaska; it has been very active during Holocene time but few historical earthquake epicenters appear to be related to it.</p><p>Both historical seismicity and geologic conditions, such as frequency and recency of faulting, must be considered together to permit an assessment of the future earthquake probability of an area. Data are too few for both factors for an accurate evaluation to be made of earthquake probability in southeastern Alaska. However, information compiled in the form of strain-release and seismic-zone maps permit some generalizations. Thus, it is tentatively concluded that most, if not all, of southeastern Alaska should be placed in seismic zone 3, a zone in which earthquakes of magnitude greater than 6 will occur from time to time and where there may be major damage to manmade structures.</p><p>Inferred effects from future earthquakes in southeastern Alaska include: (1) surface displacement along faults and other tectonic land-level changes, (2) ground shaking, (3) compaction, (4) liquefaction in cohesionless materials, (5) reaction of sensitive and quick clays, (6) water-sediment ejection and associated subsidence and ground fracturing, (7) earthquake-induced sub aerial slides and slumps, (8) earthquake induced subaqueous slides, (9) effects on glaciers and related features, (10) effects on ground water and stream flow, and (11) tsunamis, seiches, and other abnormal water waves. Because of the reconnaissance nature of our studies in the coastal communities and the sparsity of laboratory data on physical properties of geologic units in each area studied, the inferred effects must be largely empirical and generalized. Therefore, the inferences are based in large part upon the effects of past major earthquakes in Alaska and elsewhere, particularly upon the well-documented effects of the Alaska earthquake of March 27, 1964.</p><p>Buildings, highways, bridges, tunnels, harbor facilities, pipelines, canals, and other manmade structures may be severely damaged or destroyed by fault displacement or related tectonic land-level changes in southeastern Alaska. Direct damage from fault rupture would be restricted virtually to structures built directly athwart the fault. In California and Nevada, fault rupture almost always accompanies shocks of magnitude 6.5 or greater. The Alaska earthquake of March 27, 1964, and the Chilean earthquake of May 22, 1960, dramatically illustrated the severe adverse effects that can result from uplift or subsidence over a wide area.</p><p>The variable most responsible for the degree of shaking at any epicentral distance is the type of ground. Generally, shaking is considerably greater in poorly consolidated deposits than in hard bedrock, particularly if the deposits are water saturated. Severe shaking of alluvial deposits and manmade fill, with resultant heavy damage, is well documented from the records of many past earthquakes.</p><p>Damage commonly has been heavy as a result of ground settlement caused by compaction of loose sediments by shaking during an earthquake. This has been especially true where compaction was accompanied by tectonic downdrop of land, such as occurred during the Chilean earthquake of 1960 and the Alaska earthquake of 1964. Loosely emplaced manmade fill, deltaic deposits, beach deposits, and alluvial deposits may be susceptible to compaction in southeastern Alaska during a severe earthquake.</p><p>Liquefaction of sand and silt is a fairly common effect of large earthquakes. It was well illustrated at Niigata, Japan, during the earthquake of June 16, 1964, and resulted in extensive damage. When part of a sloping soil mass liquefies, the entire mass can undergo catastrophic failure and can flow as a high-density liquid. In southeastern Alaska, deltaic deposits probably would be most susceptible to liquefaction.</p><p>Sensitive and quick clays, which lose a considerable part of their strength when shaken, commonly fail during an earthquake and become rapid earthflows. Extensive studies were made of the sensitivity of the Bootlegger Cove Clay at Anchorage because of the marked loss of shear strength and dramatic failures of the deposits during the Alaska earthquake of 1964. If similar sensitive clays are present in some places in southeastern Alaska, they most likely are in some of the emergent fine-grained marine deposits; supporting data to confirm their presence, however, are largely lacking.</p><p>Records of some 50 major earthquakes show that in at least half of the instances water and sediment have been ejected from surficial deposits Water-sediment ejection and associated subsidence and ground fracturing commonly cause extensive damage to the works of man. Ejecta may fill basements and other low-lying parts of buildings. Agricultural land can be covered with a blanket of infertile soils, and small ponds can be filled or made shallow. In southeastern Alaska these phenomena are most likely to occur on valley floors, deltas, tidal flats, alluvial fans, swamps, and lakeshores.</p><p>Earthquake-induced sliding on land generally is confined to steep slopes but may take place in fine-grained deposits on moderately to nearly flat surfaces if the deposits are subject to liquefaction. A large rockslide triggered by the Lituya Bay, Alaska, earthquake of July 10, 1958, generated a wave that surged up the opposite wall of the inlet to a record height of 1,740 feet. During the Hebgen Lake, Montana, earthquake of August 17, 1959, a spectacular rockslide plunged into the Madison River canyon, buried 28 people, dammed the river, and created a large lake. Earthquake-records are replete with accounts of sliding of surficial deposits during moderate to large earthquakes. Most or all of the general factors that favor subaerial landsliding are present in southeastern Alaska.</p><p>Earthquake-induced subaqueous slides can produce adverse effects both nearshore and some distance offshore. Nearshore sliding may progress shoreward and destroy harbor facilities and other structures, commonly with substantial loss of life. Disastrous large submarine slides occurred along the fronts of deltas in Seward and Valdez during the Alaska earthquake of 1964. In similar fashion, the largest submarine slides in southeastern Alaska likely will be triggered along the larger delta fronts. Sliding farther offshore can constitute a threat to navigation because of changes in water depths. Also underwater sliding can break communication cables.</p><p>Glaciers were not greatly affected by the Alaska earthquake of 1964 despite the fact that about 20 percent of the area that underwent strong shaking is covered by ice. In contrast, the cataclysmic avalanche of ice and rock that fell from a high glacier-covered peak in Peru during the earthquake of May 31, 1970, produced devastating effects downvalley on man and his works in the form of mudflows. Most towns in southeastern Alaska are sufficiently distant from glaciers so as not be to directly affected.</p><p>Both the Alaska earthquake of 1964 and the Hebgen Lake, Montana, earthquake of 1959 significantly affected ground- and surface-water regimens. Water levels in some wells declined whereas in others flow increased. Some springs discharged at a rate three times as much as normal; flow of others decreased or stopped. Discharge of many streams increased markedly. Most or all of the effects described above could occur in parts of southeastern Alaska during future large earthquakes.</p><p>Tsunamis, seiches, and other abnormal water waves associated with large earthquakes commonly cause vast property damage and heavy loss of life. Tsunami effects can be devastating to coastal areas as far as many thousands of miles from their generation source. Seiche effects generally are confined to inland bodies of water or to relatively enclosed coastal bodies of water. Abnormal waves generated by submarine sliding or by subaerial sliding into water generally produce only local effects but may be highly devastating. Tsunami waves resulting from the Chilean earthquake of 1960 inflicted extensive damage and loss of life on coastal communities throughout a large part of southern Chile, and significant runups and damage were recorded in many places throughout the Pacific Ocean area. The tsunami waves generated by the Alaska earthquake of 1964 struck with devastating force along a broad stretch of the Alaska coast and produced heavy property damage and loss of life as far away as Crescent City, Calif. Seiche waves generated by that earthquake reached runup heights of 20-30 feet on some lakes in Alaska, and water-level fluctuations were recorded on streams, reservoirs, lakes, and swimming pools in States bordering the Gulf of Mexico. Waves generated by submarine sliding struck violently at a number of places during or immediately after the quake and were the major cause of loss of life and damage to property. Slide-generated waves probably would have a higher destructive potential in southeastern Alaska than either tsunami waves or seiche waves because of their possibly higher local runups and because they can hit the shores almost without warning during or immediately after an earthquake.</p><p>Nonearthquake-related geologic hazards, although generally far less dramatic than those related to earthquakes, tend to occur so much more frequently or persistently that their aggregate effects can be significant. Three kinds of geologic hazards of this type are discussed: (1) nonearthquake-induced landsliding and subaqueous sliding, (2) flooding, and (3) land uplift.</p><p>The potential for nonearthquake-triggered landsliding in southeastern Alaska ranges widely from place to place. Past sliding generally furnishes the clue in the prediction of where and in what materials future sliding will occur. Fast-moving rockslides, debris slides, and mudflows can be expected to occur from time to time on steep slopes and be highly destructive to highways, power plants, pipelines, buildings, and other facilities located on a slope or at its base. Present slow downslope movement of talus can be expected to continue at the same general rate unless conditions are changed by man or there are climatic changes. Snow and debris avalanches can be especially hazardous during winter months. Long-inactive landslides may be triggered into renewed activity or new slides may be created by man-induced modifications. Accelerated slope erosion and debris flows may follow large-scale clearing and cutting of timber. Subaqueous sliding can be expected to occur periodically along fronts of deltas and on other oversteepened underwater slopes.</p><p>Floods have been common in parts of southeastern Alaska because of heavy precipitation and rapid runoff from steep slopes with resulting heavy damage to roads and other facilities. Continued damage can be expected in the future unless more remedial measures are taken.</p><p>Current uplift of land in southeastern Alaska, although probably not affecting man significantly in a short period of time, may have some adverse long-term effects. These long-term effects should be borne in mind when facilities such as docks and boat harbors are constructed on or near the shore, where there is a critical relation between height of land and water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72230","usgsCitation":"Lemke, R.W., and Yehle, L.A., 1972, Regional and other general factors bearing on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards to coastal communities of southeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-230, ii, 99 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72230.","productDescription":"ii, 99 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":425551,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0230/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147832,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0230/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Richard Walter","contributorId":105280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemke","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Walter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yehle, Lynn A. yehle@usgs.gov","contributorId":3794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yehle","given":"Lynn","email":"yehle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":169812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":14665,"text":"ofr72229 - 1972 - Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Haines area, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:00","indexId":"ofr72229","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-229","title":"Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Haines area, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards","docAbstract":"The Alaska earthquake of March 27, 1964, brought into sharp focus the need for engineering geologic studies in urban areas. Study of the Haines area constitutes an integral part of an overall program to evaluate earthquake and other geologic hazards in most of the larger Alaska coastal communities. The evaluations of geologic hazards that follow, although based only upon reconnaissance studies and, therefore, subject to revision, will provide broad guidelines useful in city and land-use planning. It is hoped that the knowledge gained will result in new facilities being built in the best possible geologic environments and being designed so as to minimize future loss of life and property damage. \r\n\r\nHaines, which is in the northern part of southeastern Alaska approximately 75 miles northwest of Juneau, had a population, of about 700 people in 1970. It is built at the northern end of the Chilkat Peninsula and lies within the Coast Mountains of the Pacific Mountain system. The climate is predominantly marine and is characterized by mild winters and cool summers. The mapped area described in this report comprises about 17 square miles of land; deep fiords constitute most of the remaining mapped area that is evaluated in this study. \r\n\r\nThe Haines area was covered by glacier ice at least once and probably several times during the Pleistocene Epoch. The presence of emergent marine deposits, several hundred feet above sea level, demonstrates that the land has been uplifted relative to sea level since the last major deglaciation of the region about 10,000 years ago. The rate of relative uplift of the land at Haines during the past 39 years is 2.26 cm per year. Most or all of this uplift appears to be due to rebound as a result of deglaciation. \r\n\r\nBoth bedrock and surficial deposits are present in the area. Metamorphic and igneous rocks constitute the exposed bedrock. The metamorphic rocks consist of metabasalt of Mesozoic age and pyroxenite of probable early middle Cretaceous age. The igneous rocks consist of diorite and quartz diorite (tonalite) of Cretaceous age. Sedimentary rocks of Tertiary age may be present in the mapped area but are not exposed. The surficial deposits of Quaternary age,-have been divided into the following map units on the basis of time Of deposition, mode of origin, and grain size: (1) undifferentiated drift deposits, (2) outwash and Ice-contact deposits; (3) elevated fine-grained marine deposits, (4) elevated shore and delta deposits, (5) alluvial fan deposits, (6) colluvial deposits, (7) modern beach deposits, (8) Chilkat River flood-plain and delta deposits, and (9) manmade fill. Offshore deposits are described but are not mapped.\r\n\r\nSoutheastern Alaska lies within the tectonically active belt that rims the northern Pacific Basin and has been active since at least early Paleozoic time. The outcrop pattern is the result of late Mesozoic and Tertiary deformational, metamorphic, and intrusive events. Large-scale faulting has been common. The two most prominent inferred fault systems in southeastern Alaska and surrounding regions are: (1) The Denali fault system and (2) the Fairweather-Queen Charlotte Islands fault system. In the general area of Haines, rocks of Mesozoic age northeast of Chilkat River have a simple monoclinal structure. Paleozoic-Mesozoic rocks southwest of Chilkat River are gently to rather complexly folded. Several major and numerous minor faults probably transect the general area of Haines but their exact location and character can only be inferred because their traces are coincident to the long axes of fiords and river valleys, where they are concealed by water or by valley-floor deposits. Inferred faults in or near the Haines mapped area are: (1) Chilkat River fault, (2) Chilkoot fault, (3) Takhin fault, and (4) faults in the saddle area at Haines. \r\n\r\nSoutheastern Alaska lies in one of the two most seismically active zones in Alaska, a State where 6 percent of the world's shallow earthqua","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr72229","usgsCitation":"Lemke, R.W., and Yehle, L.A., 1972, Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Haines area, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-229, iii, 109 p. :ill. (some folded), maps (2 folded) ;27 cm.; 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72229.","productDescription":"iii, 109 p. :ill. (some folded), maps (2 folded) ;27 cm.; 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":106529,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8686.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"8686"},{"id":147830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0229/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43376,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0229/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43377,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0229/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db644298","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemke, Richard Walter","contributorId":105280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemke","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Walter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yehle, Lynn A. yehle@usgs.gov","contributorId":3794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yehle","given":"Lynn","email":"yehle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":169809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":13761,"text":"ofr72396 - 1972 - Preliminary report on the geology and field petrology at the Apollo 16 landing site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-27T17:31:51","indexId":"ofr72396","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-396","title":"Preliminary report on the geology and field petrology at the Apollo 16 landing site","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr72396","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1972, Preliminary report on the geology and field petrology at the Apollo 16 landing site: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-396, ii, 59 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.; 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72396.","productDescription":"ii, 59 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.; 24 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66ce92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":13787,"text":"ofr72130 - 1972 - Earthquakes in the oil field at Rangely, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:07","indexId":"ofr72130","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-130","title":"Earthquakes in the oil field at Rangely, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>Seven years of seismic data recorded at the Uinta Basin Observatory were searched for earthquakes originating near an oil field at Rangely, Colorado, located 65 km ESE of the observatory. Changes in the number of earthquakes recorded per year appear to correlate with changes in the quantity of fluid injected per year. Between November 1962 and January 1970, 976 earthquakes were detected near the oil field by the UBO station; 320 earthquakes were larger than magnitude 1.</p> <p>Richter magnitudes are estimated from both S-wave and P-wave measurements and a method based on the duration of the seismic signal is used to estimate the magnitude of the larger shocks. The two largest shocks had magnitudes of 3.4 and 3.3. The total seismic energy released was l0<sup>l7</sup> ergs. During this same period the energy used for water injection, measured at the wellhead, was 10<sup>21</sup> ergs.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr72130","usgsCitation":"Gibbs, J., Healy, J., Raleigh, C.B., and Coakley, J.M., 1972, Earthquakes in the oil field at Rangely, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-130, 26 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72130.","productDescription":"26 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1962-11-01","temporalEnd":"1970-01-31","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_72_130.gif"},{"id":111130,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0130/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Rangely","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.75,40 ], [ -109.75,40.5 ], [ -108.75,40.5 ], [ -108.75,40 ], [ -109.75,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db629424","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibbs, James F.","contributorId":95880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"James F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, John H.","contributorId":19562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"John H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raleigh, C. Barry","contributorId":103683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raleigh","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coakley, John M.","contributorId":61436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coakley","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":14603,"text":"ofr72219 - 1972 - Surficial geology of the Mount Tom quadrangle, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:59","indexId":"ofr72219","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-219","title":"Surficial geology of the Mount Tom quadrangle, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Movement of the last ice sheet in the Mount Tom quadrangle was due south during time of major advance as indicated by striations, drumlins, and indicator stones. Erratics of the Belchertown Tonalite, derived from the northeast portion of the Easthampton quadrangle, have been carried southward a distance of at least 16 miles. The presence of tonalite boulders on the summit of Mount Tom, elevation 1,205 feet, testifies to uplift of erratics through a vertical distance of 1,000 feet. \r\n\r\nThree tills are recognized on the basis of color, grainsize parameters, and location: (1) a reddish-brown sandy till occurs west of the Holyoke Basalt ridge, (2) a brown silty till lies east of the basalt ridge, and (3) a grayish-brown till-with intermediate grain size occurs in the Easthampton quadrangle and the north-central portion of the Mount Tom quadrangle. The three tills are the same age and are equivalent to the upper till of southern New England. During deglaciation, readvance occurred from the northeast over a minimum distance of 3.5 miles in the southeast portion of the quadrangle. Evidence for readvance consists of (1) till over stratified drift, (2) southwest-oriented till fabrics on south-trending drumlins, (3) west-southwest-trending striations cutting south-trending striations, (4) southwest-oriented glaciotectonic structures, and (5) data from borings. \r\n\r\nWest of the basalt ridge, northward retreat of an active ice margin was punctuated by four stillstands, during which outwash deltas were deposited in proglacial lakes. From oldest to youngest the deposits associated with the four stillstands are named: (1) Paper Mills delta, (2) Barnes delta, (3) Pomeroy Street delta, and (4) White Brook delta. East of the basalt ridge a series of small ice-contact deltas were deposited in high proglacial Lake Hitchcock, which expanded northward with the retreating ice margin. Deposition culminated along the upper east margin of the quadrangle with the formation of a large ice-contact delta named the Holyoke delta. \r\n\r\nContinued northward retreat of the ice margin both east and west of the basalt ridge permitted water of Lake Hitchcock to extend through the Holyoke Narrows and into the valleys of the Manhan River and Broad Brook in the north-central portion of the Mount Tom quadrangle. Drainage of Lake Hitchcock 10,700 years ago (Flint, 1956) initiated rapid downcutting by streams, as shown by numerous stream terraces along the Connecticut, Westfield, and Manhan Rivers, and along lesser tributaries.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr72219","usgsCitation":"Larsen, F.D., 1972, Surficial geology of the Mount Tom quadrangle, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-219, xiii, 273 leaves :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;30 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72219.","productDescription":"xiii, 273 leaves :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;30 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95276,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0219/plate-1.pdf","size":"7128","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95277,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0219/plate-2.pdf","size":"5660","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95278,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0219/plate-3.pdf","size":"3379","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95279,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0219/plate-4.pdf","size":"7160","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95280,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0219/plate-5.pdf","size":"3820","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95281,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0219/plate-6.pdf","size":"9455","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0219/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43266,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0219/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688915","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Fredrick D.","contributorId":84386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Fredrick","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":13765,"text":"ofr72397 - 1972 - Progress report: Apollo 16 sample documentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-27T17:29:35","indexId":"ofr72397","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-397","title":"Progress report: Apollo 16 sample documentation","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr72397","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1972, Progress report: Apollo 16 sample documentation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-397, 1 v. (various pagings) :ill., maps ;27 cm.; 93 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72397.","productDescription":"1 v. (various pagings) :ill., maps ;27 cm.; 93 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68834b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":14599,"text":"ofr72218 - 1972 - Clay deposits of the Connecticut River Valley, Connecticut: a special problem in land management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-08T11:08:04","indexId":"ofr72218","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-218","title":"Clay deposits of the Connecticut River Valley, Connecticut: a special problem in land management","docAbstract":"<p>When man first settled the United States, two natural features favored settlement; flat land that was easy to build on and to farm, and a nearby river that could act as a source of water, transportation, and power. The Connecticut River Valley from Middletown, Ct. north past the Connecticut-Massachusetts state line satisfied these two needs, and was favored by many early Americans in New England. This area remains an area of rapid urbanization, partly because of the broad flat lowlands. </p><p>The subdued topography of this area is due in large part to deposition of fine-grained materials into glacial Lake Hitchcock. This lake was formed during the Wisconsinan age when southward drainage in the Triassic valley of Connecticut was dammed by glacial drift in the area of Rocky Hill, Connecticut. Lake Hitchcock grew to and beyond St. Johnsbury, Vt. with much of the lake being filled with cyclical lake-bottom deposits during the 2,290 to 2,350 years of its life. </p><p>Aside from the relative flatness inherent in the deposition of fine-grained lake-bottom deposits, these deposits present very few characteristics that are favorable for urbanization. Favorable characteristics are possible sources of clay for manufacturing and possible sources&nbsp;for waste storage sites. Unfavorable characteristics include low water yields resulting in poor urban water-supply sources, and very low flows in streams during dry periods; low percolation rates resulting In drainage and septic problems; and low or uneven bearing strength which create problems in construction.&nbsp;</p><p>Fine-grained lake-bottom deposits have been mapped for six quadrangles in the Connecticut Valley lowlands; the quadrangles of Windsor Locks, Broad Brook, Hartford North, Manchester, Hartford South, and Glastonbury (all located in Connecticut). All the maps were prepared from existing information including well and test hole data on file at the Water Resources Division in Hartford, surficial geologic quadrangle maps, and bedrock contour maps. The maps also reflect geologic interpretations of the history of glacial Lake Hitchcock. </p><p>The Hartford North maps were prepared as test maps to determine if the project was feasible. They were prepared using the previously described information plus additional subsurface data obtained from engineering firms and the State Highway Department. </p><p>During preparation of the maps, an arcuate-shaped, ice-contact deposit composed of coarse sand and gravel was delineated in the Broad Brook and Windsor Locks quadrangles. This feature marks the location of a zone of stagnant ice In front of and marginal to active ice to the north. </p><p>Two types of maps were prepared for the area in study; Thickness of the Principal Clay Deposit, and Thickness of Material Overlying the Principal Clay Deposit. The term \"principal clay deposit\" refers to the fine-grained lake-bottom deposits of Glacial Lake Hitchcock. These maps define the distribution of the deposit, and show the thickness of the deposit in 50 foot intervals and the thickness of the material overlying the deposit In 20 foot intervals. The maps indicate that much of the area is underlain with substantial thicknesses of finegrained lake-bottom deposits (50 feet thick or greater), and that much of the deposit is within 20 feet of the surface. </p><p>The maps included in this report can be used for land-use planning. Uses include location of favorable sites for specific uses such as landfills, utility corridors, heavy construction, etc; location of problem areas for specific land uses; identification of possible problems for specific areas; design and construction cost estimates; and prospecting for exploitable clay deposits. It Is suggested that, for effective planning, these maps be used together or in conjunction with other maps such as maps showing surface materials, depth to bedrock, depth to water table, and flood prone areas. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72218","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., 1972, Clay deposits of the Connecticut River Valley, Connecticut: a special problem in land management: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-218, Report: vii, 39 leaves; 13 Plates: 22.43 x 30.27 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72218.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 39 leaves; 13 Plates: 22.43 x 30.27 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":354002,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":354001,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":353997,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":353989,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":353995,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":353998,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":353990,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":353991,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":353992,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":353993,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":353994,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":353996,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":353999,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":354000,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Connecticut River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.75,\n              41.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.5,\n              41.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.5,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.75,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.75,\n              41.625\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672b5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, William H. blanger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"William","email":"blanger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":169716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":13750,"text":"ofr72395 - 1972 - Documentation and environment of the Apollo 16 samples a preliminary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-27T17:24:06","indexId":"ofr72395","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-395","title":"Documentation and environment of the Apollo 16 samples a preliminary report","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr72395","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1972, Documentation and environment of the Apollo 16 samples a preliminary report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-395, 252 p. :ill. (some folded), folded maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72395.","productDescription":"252 p. :ill. (some folded), folded maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d7cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22515,"text":"ofr7242 - 1972 - Controlled discharge from the W. P. Franklin Dam as a means of flushing saline water from the fresh-water reach of the Calossahatchee River, Lee County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:56","indexId":"ofr7242","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-42","title":"Controlled discharge from the W. P. Franklin Dam as a means of flushing saline water from the fresh-water reach of the Calossahatchee River, Lee County, Florida","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr7242","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Boggess, D.H., 1972, Controlled discharge from the W. P. Franklin Dam as a means of flushing saline water from the fresh-water reach of the Calossahatchee River, Lee County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-42, iv, 47 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7242.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688d2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boggess, D. H.","contributorId":85180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boggess","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22333,"text":"ofr727 - 1972 - Water resources of the Kenai-Soldotna area, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-25T14:33:04","indexId":"ofr727","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-7","title":"Water resources of the Kenai-Soldotna area, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr727","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Anderson, G.S., and Jones, S.H., 1972, Water resources of the Kenai-Soldotna area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-7, Report: 81 p.; 2 Plates: 19.01 x 21.13 inches and 19.77 x 21.43 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr727.","productDescription":"Report: 81 p.; 2 Plates: 19.01 x 21.13 inches and 19.77 x 21.43 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":51741,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0007/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0007/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51742,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0007/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":51743,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0007/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kenai-Soldotna area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -151.4520263671875,\n              60.28613138228136\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.8974609375,\n              60.4165643862813\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.8974609375,\n              60.91441435497479\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.325927734375,\n              61.079544234557304\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.534423828125,\n              60.79402357411143\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.4520263671875,\n              60.28613138228136\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0522","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, G. S.","contributorId":81928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, S. H.","contributorId":68759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23066,"text":"ofr72124 - 1972 - Nutrient survey of surface waters in southern Florida during a wet and a dry season, September 1970 and March 1971","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-25T15:54:06.244631","indexId":"ofr72124","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-124","title":"Nutrient survey of surface waters in southern Florida during a wet and a dry season, September 1970 and March 1971","docAbstract":"A mass nutrient survey of southern Florida surface waters was made in September 1970, during a period of generally high water, and again in March 1971, during a period of low water.  Water samples were analyzed by automated chemical techniques for total ortho plus acid-hydrolyzable phosphorus (P-P04), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), nitrate nitrogen (N02-N), and nitrate nitrogen (N03-N).\r\n\r\nPhosphorus (P-P04) concentration averaged about 0.50 mg/l (milligram per liter) during the wet season; the average concentration was slightly higher during the dry season.  At many sites sampled during the wet and dry seasons, less that 0.01 mg/l of phosphorus was found.  At one site in Broward County near a point of sewage outfall, the concentration was 45 mg/l during the dry season.  Ammonia was the most prevalent form of nitrogen detected. Concentrations of NH3-N ranged from less than 0.01 to 14 mg/l in the wet season and from less that 0.01 to 25 mg/l in the dry season.  Throughout the study area, nitrite and nitrate concentrations were generally low in both wet and dry seasons.  Nitrite ranged from less than 0.01 to 0.70 mg/l N02-N during the wet season and slightly lower in the dry season.  Most nitrate concentrations were below 0.20 mg/l N03-N during the wet and dry seasons.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr72124","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Boards of County Commissioners","usgsCitation":"Freiberger, H.J., 1972, Nutrient survey of surface waters in southern Florida during a wet and a dry season, September 1970 and March 1971: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-124, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72124.","productDescription":"29 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":484521,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0124/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155514,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0124/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69676d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freiberger, Herbert J.","contributorId":84404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freiberger","given":"Herbert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":19053,"text":"ofr72406 - 1972 - Map showing total thickness of Mississippian rocks in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:31","indexId":"ofr72406","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-406","title":"Map showing total thickness of Mississippian rocks in the conterminous United States","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr72406","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1972, Map showing total thickness of Mississippian rocks in the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-406, 4 leaves :ill., maps ;29 cm.; 4 sheets, scale 1:2,500,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72406.","productDescription":"4 leaves :ill., maps ;29 cm.; 4 sheets, scale 1:2,500,000","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95425,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0406/plate-1.pdf","size":"7646","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95426,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0406/plate-2.pdf","size":"8920","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95427,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0406/plate-3.pdf","size":"6051","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95428,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0406/plate-4.pdf","size":"5981","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":151374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0406/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48486,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0406/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"2500000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0ce4b07f02db69e848","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22777,"text":"ofr7278 - 1972 - Water in St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:02","indexId":"ofr7278","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-78","title":"Water in St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"Water for domestic and municipal supply on St. John, in the past, has been obtained from rain catchments, dug wells, and barge shipments from St. Thomas and Puerto Rico. As a result of this study, small ground-water supplies have been developed for the Virgin Islands National Park. \r\n\r\nGround water occurs in significant but limited quantities in the fractured volcanic rock throughout most of the Island. Yield of wells in this aquifer ranges from less than 100 to about 2,000 gpd (gallons per day). The average long-term yield of the three drilled wells in use by the National Park Service in 1967 was about 1,000 gpd. Yield ofl,000 to 5,000 gpd may be expected in the Coral Bay and the Reef Bay areas. \r\n\r\nEstimated total recharge of the fractured volcanic rock on St. John, based on a recharge of 1 to 3 inches per year, is 1,000,000 to 3,000,000 gpd. Perhaps as much as a quarter to a third of this water could be developed practically, depending on the rainfall in a given year. The chemical quality of the ground water in the fractured-rock aquifer in areas uncontaminated by sea water ranges from 600 to 2,000 mg/l (milligrams per liter) or more dissolved solids. Water from-formations in the higher altitudes is of better quality than that in the lower formations. \r\n\r\nSmall quantities of ground water are available from beach sand, alluvium, and fractured rock near the sea. However, these sources tend to be brackish and are subject to salt-water encroachment. \r\n\r\nThere are no perennial streams on St. John. There are a few spring-fed pools in stream channels, however, that are sustained, except in severe drought. Storm runoff is estimated to average 1 inch over the island annually, and evaporation from open water surfaces is about 70 inches per year. Ponds can be developed, but because of the high .evaporation they may be unreliable during droughts. \r\n\r\nRain water collected in cisterns from roofs and catchments yield about 50 gpd per 1,000 square feet of catch area during an average year of rainfall. This is the main method of Water supply for domestic use on the Island; it will probably be continued even if a public distribution system is made available, because of the limited quantity of other natural water.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr7278","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Cosner, O.J., 1972, Water in St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-78, iv, 126 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7278.","productDescription":"iv, 126 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0078/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52207,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0078/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52208,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0078/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4999","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cosner, O. J.","contributorId":19587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosner","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":16672,"text":"ofr72454 - 1972 - Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Skagway area, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-27T17:56:09.862376","indexId":"ofr72454","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-454","title":"Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Skagway area, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards","docAbstract":"<p>A program to study the engineering geology of most of the larger Alaska coastal communities and to evaluate their earthquake and other geologic hazards was started promptly after the 1964 Alaska earthquake; this report is a product of that program. Field-study methods were largely reconnaissance, and thus the interpretations in the report are subject to revision as further information becomes available. The report provides broad guidelines for planners and engineers when considering geologic factors during preparation of land-use plans. The use of this information should lead to minimizing future loss of life and property, especially during major earthquakes.</p><p>Skagway was established in 1897 as a seaport near the head of Taiya Inlet fiord in the northern part of southeastern Alaska. Rugged mountains, steep-walled valleys, fiords, and numerous glaciers and icefields characterize the landscape of the area. Valley floors are narrow and most carry large streams, which end in tidewater deltas. Skagway is situated on the delta and lower valley floor of the Skagway River.</p><p>Glaciers became vastly enlarged during the Pleistocene Epoch and presumably covered the area at least several times. The last major deglaciation probably occurred about 10,000 years ago. Subsequently, there was minor expansion and then partial retreat of glaciers; land rebound because of glacial melting is still going on today.</p><p>Bedrock is composed predominantly of plutonic intrusive rocks, chiefly quartz diorite and granodiorite, some metamorphic rocks and a few dikes are present. Most bedrock is of Jurassic and Cretaceous age.</p><p>An assortment of surficial deposits of Quaternary age form the valley bottoms and locally part of the valley walls. Thick deposits of sand and gravel have accumulated as deltas at the heads of fiords and as alluvium in the main stream valleys; deposits may be as much as S8S feet thick at Skagway. Locally, thin deposits mantle some of the steep bedrock slopes and also form some moderately to gently sloping ground. Manmade fill covers much of the top of the delta and floor of the Skagway valley. The fill is composed chiefly of gravel and sand. Quarried blocks of granodiorite are used as riprap to face river dikes and on fill areas exposed to waves of Taiya Inlet.</p><p>The geologic structure of the area is imperfectly known. However, it appears that plutonic rocks intruded metamorphic rocks in Jurassic and Cretaceous time. Extensive faulting is strongly indicated by the strikingly linear or curvilinear pattern of fiords and many large and small valleys, but no major faults have been positively identified because of concealment by water or surficial deposits. Inferred faults include those coincident with the lower Skagway valley, Taiya Inlet-Taiya valley, and the Katzehin River delta-Upper Dewey Lake. Principal fault movements probably occurred in middle Tertiary time but some movement might have been in late Tertiary or possibly early Quaternary time. Local faults appear to join the Chilkat River fault, a segment of the important Denali fault system, one of the major tectonic elements of southeastern Alaska. One fault segment of this system shows evidence of movement within the last several hundred years. Southeastern Alaska's other major fault system is the active Fairweather-Queen Charlotte Islands fault system'near the coast of the Pacific Ocean. This fault system passes to within about 100 miles of Skagway. At its northwest end the fault system merges with the Chugach-St. Elias fault.</p><p>One hundred twenty-two earthquakes, some of them strong, have been felt or possibly felt at Skagway during the years 1898 through 1969. The closest large earthquake (magnitude about 8) causing some damage at Skagway occurred July 10, 1958. Its epicenter was about 100 miles to the southwest. Other earthquakes, as much as 150 miles away, also have caused slight to moderate damage. The closest instrumentally recorded earthquake (magnitude 6) had its epicenter about 30 miles to the west of Skagway.</p><p>Most earthquakes in southeastern Alaska have occurred southwest, west, or northwest of Skagway, near the coast of the Pacific Ocean. They appear to be related to movement along the Fairweather-Queen Charlotte Islands fault system or the Chugach-St. Elias fault. Most have had their epicenters offshore. Some earthquakes may be related to movement at depth along the Denali fault system.</p><p>The probability of destructive earthquakes at Skagway is unknown because the tectonics of the region have not been studied in detail. However, on the basis of the seismic record and limited tectonic evidence, we suggest that sometime in the future an earthquake of at least magnitude 6 probably will occur very close to the city, a magnitude 7 earthquake might occur in the general area, and an earthquake of magnitude 8 probably will occur at some distance to the southwest, west, or northwest.</p><p>Effects from nearby large earthquakes could cause extensive damage at Skagway. Nine principal effects are considered.</p><p>1. Surface&nbsp;displacement. Displacement of ground caused by fault movement would affect only structures built athwart the fault. However, a sudden tectonic uplift of land of as much as a few feet might affect a wide area and necessitate extensive dredging and wharf rebuilding. On the other hand, a subsidence of several feet would allow tidewater to reach inland and flood part of the harbor facilities and the business district.</p><p>2. Ground shaking. Because intensity of ground shaking during earthquakes largely depends on type and water content of the geologic material being shaken, the geologic materials are separated into three categories. Those considered susceptible to strongest shaking are grouped into category 1 (containing materials that are saturated, loose, and of medium- to fine-grain sizes); those of intermediate susceptibility in category 2; and those least susceptible to shaking in category 3.</p><p>3. Compaction of some medium-grained sediments during strong earthquake shaking could cause local settling of alluvial and deltaic surfaces. Also, some manmade fills near the harbor might undergo marked differential settling.</p><p>4. Liquefaction of saturated beds of uniform, fine sand commonly occurs during strong earthquakes. Few such beds, however, are positively identified at Skagway; some may occur within deltaic and alluvial deposits. If present, these beds might liquefy and cause local settling or trigger landslides.</p><p>5. Ejection of water-sediment mixtures from earthquake-induced fractures or from point sources, plus some associated ground subsidence, is common during major earthquakes where saturated sand and fine gravel deposits are confined beneath generally impermeable beds. Some alluvial and deltaic deposits at Skagway probably are susceptible to these processes. Locally, ejecta might cover roads and areas between buildings and fill low-lying areas. Associated ground fracturing might damage roadways, foundations of buildings, and other facilities.</p><p>6. Subaerial and subaqueous slides occur frequently during earthquakes. Saturated loose sediments on steep slopes are especially susceptible to sliding. During a major earthquake, surficial deposits forming such slopes along the southeast side of the Skagway valley probably would be subject to sliding or earthflowing on an extensive scale. Some sliding might extend onto the valley floor and damage or destroy buildings and part of the railroad. Rockfalls would be numerous and locally very large rockslides might occur.</p><p>Subaqueous sliding of the Skagway delta is potentially the most damaging of earthquake effects. Sliding may have occurred there during the earthquake of September 16, 1899; any future major earthquake close to the city would cause extensive sliding, possibly triggered in part by liquefaction. If shaking continued for several minutes, successive slides might progressively remove large portions of the delta and allow extensive land spreading and fracturing of Skagway River alluvium as much as several thousand feet landward from the shoreline.</p><p>7. Glacier surfaces commonly receive extensive snow avalanches and rockslides during seismic shaking. In the Skagway area, glaciers may be disrupted at their margins, and resulting blocked streams might form lakes in a few places. If these lakes drained suddenly, downstream areas would he flooded. No long-term effects, such as glacier expansion, are expected.</p><p>8. Ground- and surface-water levels often are affected during and after strong earthquake shaking. At Skagway, ground-water levels probably would be lowered, but there would be no permanent change in water quality. Earthquake-triggered landslides could dam the Skagway River; the sudden failure of the dams might cause severe flooding.</p><p>9. Waves generated by earthquakes include tsunamis, seiche waves, and waves caused by subaerial and submarine sliding and tectonic displacement of land. Damage in the Skagway area would depend on wave height, tidal stage, and warning time. Some waves triggered by subaerial and subaqueous slides have a strong possibility of reaching heights of as much as 60 feet--or possibly even higher. Tsunamis from the open ocean must travel 160 miles of fiords before reaching Skagway, which allows sufficient time for appraisal of expectable wave height and, if necessary, evacuation of the harbor area and other low-lying ground.</p><p>Geologic hazards other than those hazards associated with earthquakes include nonearthquake-induced subaerial and subaqueous slides, floods, and slow uplift (rebound) of land. Landslides of moderate size are known to have occurred from time to time during heavy rains such as those of September 1967. Subaqueous slides happen intermittently during the normal growth of deltas. Submarine cables on the floor of northern Taiya Inlet presumably were broken by such slides on September 10, 1927. Flooding by the Skagway River has inundated parts of the city many times, usually during heavy rains in the fall. Two floods were reported to have been caused by the sudden draining of glacier-dammed lakes. Dikes protect the city from many smaller floods, but heightening and broadening is needed to give full protection. Slow land uplift at Skagway, because of regional glacioisostatic rebound, averages 0.059 foot per year. On this basis, the shoreline theoretically shifted seaward 500 feet and the harbor shoaled 4.4 feet between 1897 and 1972.</p><p>It is recommended that future geologic study of the Skagway area include: detailed geologic mapping and collection of data on geologic materials, joints, faults, and slope stability; complete evaluation of earthquake probability and response of materials to shaking; and collection and evaluation of periodic soundings and sediment data from Skagway and Taiya deltas to assist in forecasting the stability of the delta front.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72454","usgsCitation":"Yehle, L.A., and Lemke, R.W., 1972, Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Skagway area, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-454, Report: iv, 108 p.; 4 Plates: 35.77 x 18.67 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72454.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 108 p.; 4 Plates: 35.77 x 18.67 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":427161,"rank":6,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0454/figure-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":427160,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0454/figure-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":427159,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0454/figure-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":427158,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0454/figure-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":427153,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0454/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150379,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0454/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"9600","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Skagway","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -135.3463249696411,\n              59.48810534833572\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.3463249696411,\n              59.40680330286153\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.22164285027563,\n              59.40680330286153\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.22164285027563,\n              59.48810534833572\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.3463249696411,\n              59.48810534833572\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db6443d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yehle, Lynn A. yehle@usgs.gov","contributorId":3794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yehle","given":"Lynn","email":"yehle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":173260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lemke, Richard Walter","contributorId":105280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemke","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Walter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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