n/a
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3133/70179541","usgsCitation":"Rissler, P., Scoppettone, G., and Shea, S., 2006, Life history, ecology and population viability analysis of the Independence Lake strain Lahontan Cutthroat trout, 68 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/70179541.","productDescription":"68 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332863,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586e1837e4b0f5ce109fcb3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rissler, P.H.","contributorId":47539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rissler","given":"P.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scoppettone, G.G.","contributorId":22793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scoppettone","given":"G.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shea, S.","contributorId":177940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shea","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179555,"text":"70179555 - 2006 - A survey of chemical constituents in National Fish Hatchery fish feed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T13:19:39","indexId":"70179555","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"A survey of chemical constituents in National Fish Hatchery fish feed","docAbstract":"Recent studies have demonstrated that various fish feeds contain significant concentrations of contaminants, many of which can bioaccumulate and bioconcentrate in fish. It appears that numerous organochlorine (OC) contaminants are present in the fish oils and fish meals used in feed manufacture, and some researchers speculate that all fish feeds contain measurable levels of some contaminants. To determine the presence and concentration of contaminants in feeds used in National Fish Hatcheries managed by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, we systematically collected samples of feed from 11 hatcheries that raise cold-water species, and analyzed them for a suite of chemical contaminants. All of the samples (collected from October 2001 to October 2003) contained measurable concentrations of at least one dioxin, furan, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener, or dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) metabolite. All samples which were assayed for all contaminants contained one or more of those classes of compounds and most contained more than one; dioxin was detected in 39 of the 55 samples for which it was assayed, 24 of 55 contained furans and 24 of 55 samples contained DDT or its metabolites. There with 10- to 150-fold differences in the range in concentrations of the additive totals for PCBs, dioxins, furans and DDT. Although PCBs were the most commonly detected contaminant in our study (all samples in which it was assayed), the concentrations (range: 0.07 to 10.46 ng g·1 wet weight) were low compared to those reported previously. In general, we also found lower levels of organochlorine contaminants than have been reported previously in fish feed. Perhaps most notable is the near absence of OC pesticides~xcept for DDT (and its metabolites) and just two samples containing benzene hexachloride (Lindane). While contaminant concentrations were generally low, the ecological impacts can not be determined without a measure of the bioaccumulation of these compounds in the fish and the fate of these compounds after the fish are released from the hatcheries.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Maule, A.G., Gannam, A., and Davis, J., 2006, A survey of chemical constituents in National Fish Hatchery fish feed, 53 p. .","productDescription":"53 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332879,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/a-survey-of-chemical-constituents-in-national-fish-hatchery-fish-feed"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586e1836e4b0f5ce109fcb3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maule, Alec G. amaule@usgs.gov","contributorId":2606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"Alec","email":"amaule@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gannam, Ann","contributorId":177988,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gannam","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":657704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, Jay","contributorId":150405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Jay","affiliations":[{"id":12703,"text":"San Francisco Estuary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":657705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028571,"text":"70028571 - 2006 - Tracer test with As(V) under variable redox conditions controlling arsenic transport in the presence of elevated ferrous iron concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T09:14:40","indexId":"70028571","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracer test with As(V) under variable redox conditions controlling arsenic transport in the presence of elevated ferrous iron concentrations","docAbstract":"To study transport and reactions of arsenic under field conditions, a small-scale tracer test was performed in an anoxic, iron-reducing zone of a sandy aquifer at the USGS research site on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA. For four weeks, a stream of groundwater with added As(V) (6.7 μM) and bromide (1.6 mM), was injected in order to observe the reduction of As(V) to As(III). Breakthrough of bromide (Br−), As(V), and As(III) as well as additional parameters characterizing the geochemical conditions was observed at various locations downstream of the injection well over a period of 104 days. After a short lag period, nitrate and dissolved oxygen from the injectate oxidized ferrous iron and As(V) became bound to the freshly formed hydrous iron oxides. Approximately one week after terminating the injection, anoxic conditions had been reestablished and increases in As(III) concentrations were observed within 1 m of the injection. During the observation period, As(III) and As(V) were transported to a distance of 4.5 m downgradient indicating significant retardation by sorption processes for both species. Sediment assays as well as elevated concentrations of hydrogen reflected the presence of As(V) reducing microorganisms. Thus, microbial As(V) reduction was thought to be one major process driving the release of As(III) during the tracer test in the Cape Cod aquifer.
Near-field observations of high-precision borehole strain and pore pressure, show no indication of coherent accelerating strain or pore pressure during the weeks to seconds before the 28 September 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield earthquake. Minor changes in strain rate did occur at a few sites during the last 24 hr before the earthquake but these changes are neither significant nor have the form expected for strain during slip coalescence initiating fault failure. Seconds before the event, strain is stable at the 10−11 level. Final prerupture nucleation slip in the hypocentral region is constrained to have a moment less than 2 × 1012 N m (M 2.2) and a source size less than 30 m. Ground displacement data indicate similar constraints. Localized rupture nucleation and runaway precludes useful prediction of damaging earthquakes. Coseismic dynamic strains of about 10 microstrain peak-to-peak were superimposed on volumetric strain offsets of about 0.5 microstrain to the northwest of the epicenter and about 0.2 microstrain to the southeast of the epicenter, consistent with right lateral slip. Observed strain and Global Positioning System (gps) offsets can be simply fit with 20 cm of slip between 4 and 10 km on a 20-km segment of the fault north of Gold Hill (M0 = 7 × 1017 N m). Variable slip inversion models using gps data and seismic data indicate similar moments. Observed postseismic strain is 60% to 300% of the coseismic strain, indicating incomplete release of accumulated strain. No measurable change in fault zone compliance preceding or following the earthquake is indicated by stable earth tidal response. No indications of strain change accompany nonvolcanic tremor events reported prior to and following the earthquake.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120050822","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Johnston, M., Borcherdt, R., Linde, A.T., and Gladwin, M.T., 2006, Continuous borehole strain and pore pressure in the near field of the 28 September 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield, California, earthquake: Implications for nucleation, fault response, earthquake prediction and tremor: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 4B, p. S56-S72, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050822.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"S56","endPage":"S72","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Parkfield","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.73905944824217,\n 35.69187929931617\n ],\n [\n -120.16227722167967,\n 35.69187929931617\n ],\n [\n -120.16227722167967,\n 36.05964632692448\n ],\n [\n -120.73905944824217,\n 36.05964632692448\n ],\n [\n -120.73905944824217,\n 35.69187929931617\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"4B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa5ae4b0c8380cd4da74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borcherdt, R. D. 0000-0002-8668-0849","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":32165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Linde, A. T.","contributorId":21700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linde","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gladwin, M. T.","contributorId":30373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gladwin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028565,"text":"70028565 - 2006 - Buffelgrass fuel loads in Saguaro National Park, Arizona, increase fire danger and threaten native species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028565","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3014,"text":"Park Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Buffelgrass fuel loads in Saguaro National Park, Arizona, increase fire danger and threaten native species","docAbstract":"Scientists examine this exotic grass invasion that threatens to alter the fire regime in the Sonoran Desert and the composition, structure, and function of protected ecosystems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Park Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07359462","usgsCitation":"Esque, T., Schwalbe, C., Lissow, J., Haines, D., Foster, D., and Garnet, M., 2006, Buffelgrass fuel loads in Saguaro National Park, Arizona, increase fire danger and threaten native species: Park Science, v. 24, no. 2.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2a3e4b0c8380cd4b280","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esque, T. C. 0000-0002-4166-6234","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","contributorId":76250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"T. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwalbe, C.R.","contributorId":35259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwalbe","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lissow, J.A.","contributorId":92854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lissow","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haines, D.F.","contributorId":80602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Foster, D.","contributorId":36892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Garnet, M.C.","contributorId":18558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garnet","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028555,"text":"70028555 - 2006 - Guideline for assessing the performance of electric power systems in natural hazard and human threat events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70028555","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Guideline for assessing the performance of electric power systems in natural hazard and human threat events","docAbstract":"Electric power utilities are familiar with and skilled in preparing for and responding to almost-routine natural hazard events such as strong wind and ice storms and seasonal floods, as well as intentional human acts such as vandalism. Recent extreme weather (hurricanes Katrina and Rita), extremely destructive international earthquakes (in Sumatra and Pakistan), and nation-wide concerns regarding future terrorist attacks have increased the pressure on utilities to take appropriate steps to avoid being overwhelmed by such infrequent and exceedingly severe events. Determining what constitutes the appropriate steps to take requires various levels of understanding of the specific hazards and the risks faced by the utility. The American Lifelines Alliance (www. americanlifelinesalliance.org) has prepared a Guideline that provides clear, concise, and nationally-applicable guidance on determining the scope and level of effort necessary to assess power system performance in the wide range of natural hazard or human threat events. Included in this Guideline are specific procedures to follow and information to consider in performing standardized assessments. With the results of such assessments, utility owners can effectively establish and carry out risk management programs that will lead to achieving appropriate levels of performance in future events. The Guideline incorporates an inquiry-driven process with a two-phase performance assessment that can be applied to power systems of any size. The screening phase enables systems or components that are clearly not at risk to be screened out early. The subsequent analysis phase uses results from the screening phase to prioritize and allocate resources for more detailed assessments of hazard, vulnerability, and system performance. This process helps assure that the scope of the assessment meets the specific performance objectives of the inquiry. A case history is presented to illustrate the type of experience with an inquiry-driven process that was considered in developing the Guideline to meet the diverse needs of utility personnel in engineering, operations, and management. Copyright ASCE 2007.","largerWorkTitle":"Electrical Transmission Line and Substation Structures: Structural Reliability in a Changing World - Proceedings of the 2006 Electrical Transmission Conference","conferenceTitle":"2006 Electrical Transmission Conference","conferenceDate":"15 October 2006 through 19 October 2006","conferenceLocation":"Birmingham, AL","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40790(218)4","isbn":"0784407908; 9780784407905","usgsCitation":"Savage, W., Nishenko, S., Honegger, D., and Kempner, L., 2006, Guideline for assessing the performance of electric power systems in natural hazard and human threat events, in Electrical Transmission Line and Substation Structures: Structural Reliability in a Changing World - Proceedings of the 2006 Electrical Transmission Conference, v. 218, Birmingham, AL, 15 October 2006 through 19 October 2006, p. 39-46, https://doi.org/10.1061/40790(218)4.","startPage":"39","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209628,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40790(218)4"},{"id":236288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"218","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2e30e4b0c8380cd5c36a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, W.U.","contributorId":25258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nishenko, S.P.","contributorId":8072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishenko","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Honegger, D.G.","contributorId":17401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honegger","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kempner, L. Jr.","contributorId":40402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kempner","given":"L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028554,"text":"70028554 - 2006 - Testing the concept of drift shadow at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70028554","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Testing the concept of drift shadow at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"If proven, the concept of drift shadow, a zone of reduced water content and slower ground-water travel time beneath openings in fractured rock of the unsaturated zone, may increase performance of a proposed geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste at Yucca Mountain, To test this concept under natural-flow conditions present in the proposed repository horizon, isotopes within the uranium-series decay chain (uranium-238, uranium-234, and thorium-230, or 238U-234U-230Th) have been analyzed in samples of rock from beneath four naturally occurring lithophysal cavities. All rock samples show 234U depletion relative to parent 238U indicating varying degrees of water-rock interaction over the past million years. Variations in 234U/238U activity ratios indicate that depletion of 234U relative to 238U can be either smaller or greater in rock beneath cavity floors relative to rock near cavity margins. These results are consistent with the concept of drift shadow and with numerical simulations of meter-scale spherical cavities in fractured tuff. Differences in distribution patterns of 234U/ 238U activity ratios in rock beneath the cavity floors are interpreted to reflect differences in the amount of past seepage into lithophysal cavities, as indicated by the abundance of secondary mineral deposits present on the cavity floors.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM","conferenceTitle":"11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference","conferenceDate":"30 April 2006 through 4 May 2006","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","isbn":"0894486918; 9780894486913","usgsCitation":"Paces, J., Neymark, L., Ghezzehei, T., and Dobson, P., 2006, Testing the concept of drift shadow at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, in Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM, v. 2006, Las Vegas, NV, 30 April 2006 through 4 May 2006, p. 278-285.","startPage":"278","endPage":"285","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2006","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5d2e4b08c986b320cdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paces, J.B. 0000-0002-9809-8493","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":27482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neymark, L.A. 0000-0003-4190-0278","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":56673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ghezzehei, T.","contributorId":86160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ghezzehei","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dobson, P.F.","contributorId":68466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobson","given":"P.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028536,"text":"70028536 - 2006 - Hydroacoustic estimation of zooplankton biomass at two shoal complexes in the Apostle Islands Region of Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-06T11:45:06","indexId":"70028536","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydroacoustic estimation of zooplankton biomass at two shoal complexes in the Apostle Islands Region of Lake Superior","docAbstract":"Hydroacoustics can be used to assess zooplankton populations, however, backscatter must be scaled to be biologically meaningful. In this study, we used a general model to correlate site-specific hydroacoustic backscatter with zooplankton dry weight biomass estimated from net tows. The relationship between zooplankton dry weight and backscatter was significant (p < 0.001) and explained 76% of the variability in the dry weight data. We applied this regression to hydroacoustic data collected monthly in 2003 and 2004 at two shoals in the Apostle Island Region of Lake Superior. After applying the regression model to convert hydroacoustic backscatter to zooplankton dry weight biomass, we used geostatistics to analyze the mean and variance, and ordinary kriging to create spatial zooplankton distribution maps. The mean zooplankton dry weight biomass estimates from plankton net tows and hydroacoustics were not significantly different (p = 0.19) but the hydroacoustic data had a significantly lower coefficient of variation (p < 0.001). The maps of zooplankton distribution illustrated spatial trends in zooplankton dry weight biomass that were not discernable from the overall means.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[680:HEOZBA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Holbrook, B., Hrabik, T., Branstrator, D., Yule, D., and Stockwell, J., 2006, Hydroacoustic estimation of zooplankton biomass at two shoal complexes in the Apostle Islands Region of Lake Superior: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 32, no. 4, p. 680-696, https://doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[680:HEOZBA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"680","endPage":"696","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3313e4b0c8380cd5ece2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holbrook, B.V.","contributorId":43957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holbrook","given":"B.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hrabik, T.R.","contributorId":95250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hrabik","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Branstrator, D.K.","contributorId":51518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Branstrator","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yule, D.L.","contributorId":78853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stockwell, J.D.","contributorId":19678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockwell","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028552,"text":"70028552 - 2006 - Environmental contaminants in fish and their associated risk to piscivorous wildlife in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028552","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental contaminants in fish and their associated risk to piscivorous wildlife in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska","docAbstract":"Organochlorine chemical residues and elemental contaminants were measured in northern pike (Esox lucius), longnose sucker (Catostomus catostomus), and burbot (Lota lota) from 10 sites in the Yukon River Basin (YRB) during 2002. Contaminant concentrations were compared to historical YRB data and to toxicity thresholds for fish and piscivorous wildlife from the scientific literature. A risk analysis was conducted to screen for potential hazards to piscivorous wildlife for contaminants that exceeded literature-based toxicity thresholds. Concentrations of total DDT (sum of p,p???-homologs; 1.09-13.6 ng/g), total chlordane (0.67-7.5 ng/g), dieldrin (<0.16-0.6 ng/g), toxaphene (<11-34 ng/g), total PCBs (<20-87 ng/g), TCDD-EQ (???1.7 pg/g), arsenic (0.03-1.95 ??g/g), cadmium (<0.02-0.12 ??g/g), copper (0.41-1.49 ??g/g), and lead (<0.21-0.27 ??g/g) did not exceed toxicity thresholds for growth and reproduction in YRB fish. Concentrations of mercury (0.08-0.65 ??g/g), selenium (0.23-0.85 ??g/g), and zinc (11-56 ??g/g) exceeded toxicity thresholds in one or more samples and were included in the risk analysis for piscivorous wildlife. No effect hazard concentrations (NEHCs) and low effect hazard concentrations (LEHCs), derived from literature-based toxicity reference values and avian and mammalian life history parameters, were calculated for mercury, selenium, and zinc. Mercury concentrations in YRB fish exceeded the NEHCs for all bird and small mammal models, which indicated that mercury concentrations in fish may represent a risk to piscivorous wildlife throughout the YRB. Low risk to piscivorous wildlife was associated with selenium and zinc concentrations in YRB fish. Selenium and zinc concentrations exceeded the NEHCs and LEHCs for only the small bird model. These results indicate that mercury should continue to be monitored and assessed in Alaskan fish and wildlife. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00244-005-0310-6","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Hinck, J., Schmitt, C., Echols, K.R., May, T., Orazio, C., and Tillitt, D.E., 2006, Environmental contaminants in fish and their associated risk to piscivorous wildlife in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 51, no. 4, p. 661-672, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-0310-6.","startPage":"661","endPage":"672","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209990,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-0310-6"},{"id":236774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09b1e4b0c8380cd5200a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinck, J.E.","contributorId":47560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinck","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmitt, C. J. 0000-0001-6804-2360","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":56339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Echols, K. R.","contributorId":32637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echols","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Orazio, C.E.","contributorId":68440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orazio","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028525,"text":"70028525 - 2006 - Regional Kendall test for trend","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-27T14:25:07","indexId":"70028525","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional Kendall test for trend","docAbstract":"Trends in environmental variables are often investigated within a study region at more than one site. At each site, a trend analysis determines whether a trend has occurred. Yet often also of interest is whether a consistent trend is evident throughout the entire region. This paper adapts the Seasonal Kendall trend test to determine whether a consistent regional trend occurs in environmental variables.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es051650b","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Helsel, D., and Frans, L., 2006, Regional Kendall test for trend: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 13, p. 4066-4073, https://doi.org/10.1021/es051650b.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4066","endPage":"4073","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209686,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es051650b"}],"volume":"40","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a487e4b0e8fec6cdbb7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helsel, D.R.","contributorId":57448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helsel","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7242,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":418463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frans, L.M.","contributorId":74803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frans","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028583,"text":"70028583 - 2006 - Use of the oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus, as a prey organism for toxicant exposure of fish through the diet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028583","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of the oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus, as a prey organism for toxicant exposure of fish through the diet","docAbstract":"The oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus, has several characteristics that make it desirable as a prey organism for conducting dietary exposure studies with fish. We conducted 21- and 30-d experiments with young fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), respectively, to determine whether a diet consisting solely of L. variegatus would support normal growth and to compare performance with standard diets (Artemia nauplii, frozen brine shrimp, or trout chow). All diets were readily accepted, and fish survived and grew well. Food conversion in both fathead minnows and rainbow trout was as high as or higher for the oligochaete diet compared with others, although this comparison is influenced by differences in ration, ingestion rate, or both. The oligochaete diet had gross nutritional analysis similar to the other diets, and meets fish nutrition guidelines for protein and essential amino acids. Methodologies and practical considerations for successfully using oligochaetes as an experimental diet are discussed. Considering their ready acceptance by fish, their apparent nutritional sufficiency, the ease of culturing large numbers, and the ease with which they can be loaded with exogenous chemicals, we believe that L. variegatus represents an excellent choice of exposure vector for exposing fish to toxicants via the diet. ?? 2006 SETAC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/06-138.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Mount, D., Highland, T., Mattson, V., Dawson, T., Lott, K., and Ingersoll, C., 2006, Use of the oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus, as a prey organism for toxicant exposure of fish through the diet: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 25, no. 10, p. 2760-2767, https://doi.org/10.1897/06-138.1.","startPage":"2760","endPage":"2767","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209991,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/06-138.1"},{"id":236775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf9ee4b08c986b329c80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mount, D.R.","contributorId":13774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mount","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Highland, T.L.","contributorId":52387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Highland","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mattson, V.R.","contributorId":82909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"V.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dawson, T.D.","contributorId":42738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lott, K.G.","contributorId":91674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lott","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70182127,"text":"70182127 - 2006 - Survival estimates of migrant juvenile salmonids through The Dalles Dam using radio telemetry, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-16T14:12:57","indexId":"70182127","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Survival estimates of migrant juvenile salmonids through The Dalles Dam using radio telemetry, 2005","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Counihan, T., Puls, A., Walker, C., and Holmberg, G., 2006, Survival estimates of migrant juvenile salmonids through The Dalles Dam using radio telemetry, 2005.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335754,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a6c83ae4b025c4642862c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Counihan, T.","contributorId":177960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Counihan","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Puls, A.","contributorId":181835,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Puls","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, C.","contributorId":181836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holmberg, G.","contributorId":178828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holmberg","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1004025,"text":"1004025 - 2006 - Update on the distribution of the invasive Asian fish tapeworm, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, in the U.S. and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-24T10:33:59","indexId":"1004025","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1298,"text":"Comparative Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Update on the distribution of the invasive Asian fish tapeworm, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, in the U.S. and Canada","docAbstract":"The documented range of the invasive and potentially pathogenic Asian fish tapeworm, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Yamaguti, 1934 in the United States and Canada is updated based on examination of museum depositions and original field collections. Gravid specimens of B. acheilognathi were collected from the fathead minnow Pimephales promelas Rafinesque in Peter Lake, at the University of Notre Dame Environmental Research Center (UNDERC) Land o' Lakes, Wisconsin. A single immature specimen of the parasite was collected from a white bass, Morone chrysops (Rafinesque) in Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. This is the first record of B. acheilognathi in Canada and extends its northern range in the interior of the continent by more than 600 miles over the last documented record. The previous record of B. acheilognathi in Canada, from the northern pikeminnow, Ptychocheilus oregonensis in British Columbia, is a misidentification of Eubothrium tulipai. Examination of selected records of intestinal cestodes from native cyprinids, in the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology (HWML, n = 9) collection and in the United States National Parasite Collection (USNPC, n = 8), provided evidence of the parasite in Nebraska and possibly in the upper Colorado River basin. Introductions into Wisconsin-Michigan were due to the stocking of golden shiners, whereas the source of the introduction in Manitoba remains unknown.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Helminthological Society of Washington","doi":"10.1654/4240.1","usgsCitation":"Choudhury, A., Charipar, E., Nelson, P., Hodgson, J., Bonar, S., and Cole, R.A., 2006, Update on the distribution of the invasive Asian fish tapeworm, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, in the U.S. and Canada: Comparative Parasitology, v. 73, no. 2, p. 269-273, https://doi.org/10.1654/4240.1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"273","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486884,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Update_on_the_distribution_of_the_invasive_Asian_fish_tapeworm_Bothriocephalus_acheilognaaht_in_the_U_S_and_Canada/24815241","text":"External Repository"},{"id":134126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6884cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choudhury, A. 0000-0001-7553-4179","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7553-4179","contributorId":50873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Choudhury","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charipar, E.","contributorId":63361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charipar","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, P.","contributorId":58243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hodgson, J.R.","contributorId":55791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgson","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bonar, S.","contributorId":27019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cole, Rebecca A. 0000-0003-2923-1622 rcole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-1622","contributorId":2873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Rebecca","email":"rcole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":314961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028383,"text":"70028383 - 2006 - Stochastic uncertainty analysis for unconfined flow systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T12:01:36","indexId":"70028383","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stochastic uncertainty analysis for unconfined flow systems","docAbstract":"A new stochastic approach proposed by Zhang and Lu (2004), called the Karhunen‐Loeve decomposition‐based moment equation (KLME), has been extended to solving nonlinear, unconfined flow problems in randomly heterogeneous aquifers. This approach is on the basis of an innovative combination of Karhunen‐Loeve decomposition, polynomial expansion, and perturbation methods. The random log‐transformed hydraulic conductivity field (lnKS) is first expanded into a series in terms of orthogonal Gaussian standard random variables with their coefficients obtained as the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the covariance function of lnKS. Next, head h is decomposed as a perturbation expansion series Σh(m), where h(m) represents the mth‐order head term with respect to the standard deviation of lnKS. Then h(m) is further expanded into a polynomial series of m products of orthogonal Gaussian standard random variables whose coefficients hi1,i2,...,im(m) are deterministic and solved sequentially from low to high expansion orders using MODFLOW‐2000. Finally, the statistics of head and flux are computed using simple algebraic operations on hi1,i2,...,im(m). A series of numerical test results in 2‐D and 3‐D unconfined flow systems indicated that the KLME approach is effective in estimating the mean and (co)variance of both heads and fluxes and requires much less computational effort as compared to the traditional Monte Carlo simulation technique.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004766","usgsCitation":"Liu, G., Zhang, D., and Lu, Z., 2006, Stochastic uncertainty analysis for unconfined flow systems: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 9, Article W09412; 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004766.","productDescription":"Article W09412; 18 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477501,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004766","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9855e4b08c986b31bf9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Gaisheng","contributorId":15158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Gaisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Dongxiao","contributorId":26409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Dongxiao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, Zhiming","contributorId":174148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhiming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028371,"text":"70028371 - 2006 - Seasonal dynamics of microbial community composition and function in oak canopy and open grassland soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028371","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2729,"text":"Microbial Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal dynamics of microbial community composition and function in oak canopy and open grassland soils","docAbstract":"Soil microbial communities are closely associated with aboveground plant communities, with multiple potential drivers of this relationship. Plants can affect available soil carbon, temperature, and water content, which each have the potential to affect microbial community composition and function. These same variables change seasonally, and thus plant control on microbial community composition may be modulated or overshadowed by annual climatic patterns. We examined microbial community composition, C cycling processes, and environmental data in California annual grassland soils from beneath oak canopies and in open grassland areas to distinguish factors controlling microbial community composition and function seasonally and in association with the two plant overstory communities. Every 3 months for up to 2 years, we monitored microbial community composition using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, microbial biomass, respiration rates, microbial enzyme activities, and the activity of microbial groups using isotope labeling of PLFA biomarkers (13C-PLFA) . Distinct microbial communities were associated with oak canopy soils and open grassland soils and microbial communities displayed seasonal patterns from year to year. The effects of plant species and seasonal climate on microbial community composition were similar in magnitude. In this Mediterranean ecosystem, plant control of microbial community composition was primarily due to effects on soil water content, whereas the changes in microbial community composition seasonally appeared to be due, in large part, to soil temperature. Available soil carbon was not a significant control on microbial community composition. Microbial community composition (PLFA) and 13C-PLFA ordination values were strongly related to intra-annual variability in soil enzyme activities and soil respiration, but microbial biomass was not. In this Mediterranean climate, soil microclimate appeared to be the master variable controlling microbial community composition and function. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Microbial Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00248-006-9100-6","issn":"00953628","usgsCitation":"Waldrop, M., and Firestone, M., 2006, Seasonal dynamics of microbial community composition and function in oak canopy and open grassland soils: Microbial Ecology, v. 52, no. 3, p. 470-479, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-006-9100-6.","startPage":"470","endPage":"479","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210321,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-006-9100-6"},{"id":237207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b889be4b08c986b316a6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waldrop, M. 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Four to 18 alleles per locus were observed among 30 individuals. Observed heterozygosity throughout the loci ranged from 26.9 to 86.2% and averaged 63.6%. Estimates of individual pairwise genetic distances indicated that levels of genetic diversity among loci were sufficient to produce unique multilocus genotypes for all animals surveyed. Randomization tests showed that genotypes for this collection were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg expectations, and no significant linkage disequilibrium was observed between loci. These loci therefore appear suitable for population surveys, kinship assessment and other such applications. ?? 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology Notes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01235.x","issn":"14718278","usgsCitation":"Shaw, K., King, T., Lellis, W., and Eackles, M., 2006, Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Alasmidonta heterodon (Bivalvia: Unionidae): Molecular Ecology Notes, v. 6, no. 2, p. 365-367, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01235.x.","startPage":"365","endPage":"367","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210320,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01235.x"},{"id":237206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f42e4b0c8380cd643bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaw, K.M.","contributorId":21754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, T.L.","contributorId":93416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lellis, W.A.","contributorId":67441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lellis","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eackles, M.S.","contributorId":79059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eackles","given":"M.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1015174,"text":"1015174 - 2006 - Stakeholder opinions regarding management of Conservation Reserve Program lands to address environmental and wildlife issues","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T16:30:08","indexId":"1015174","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1909,"text":"Human Dimensions of Wildlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stakeholder opinions regarding management of Conservation Reserve Program lands to address environmental and wildlife issues","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Commercial salt evaporation ponds comprise a large proportion of baylands adjacent to the San Francisco Bay, a highly urbanized estuary. In the past two centuries, more than 79% of the historic tidal wetlands in this estuary have been lost. Resource management agencies have acquired more than 10 000 ha of commercial salt ponds with plans to undertake one of the largest wetland restoration projects in North America. However, these plans have created debate about the ecological importance of salt ponds for migratory bird communities in western North America. Salt ponds are unique mesohaline (5–18 g l−1) to hyperhaline (> 40 g l−1) wetlands, but little is known of their ecological structure or value. Thus, we studied decommissioned salt ponds in the North Bay of the San Francisco Bay estuary from January 1999 through November 2001. We measured water quality parameters (salinity, DO, pH, temperature), nutrient concentrations, primary productivity, zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, fish, and birds across a range of salinities from 24 to 264 g l−1. Our studies documented how unique limnological characteristics of salt ponds were related to nutrient levels, primary productivity rates, invertebrate biomass and taxa richness, prey fish, and avian predator numbers. Salt ponds were shown to have unique trophic and physical attributes that supported large numbers of migratory birds. Therefore, managers should carefully weigh the benefits of increasing habitat for native tidal marsh species with the costs of losing these unique hypersaline systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-006-0061-z","usgsCitation":"Takekawa, J.Y., Miles, A., Schoellhamer, D., Athearn, N., Saiki, M.K., Duffy, W., Kleinschmidt, S., Shellenbarger, G., and Jannusch, C., 2006, Trophic structure and avian communities across a salinity gradient in evaporation ponds of the San Francisco Bay estuary: Hydrobiologia, v. 567, no. 1, p. 307-327, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0061-z.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"327","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.34718322753905,\n 38.21363682695095\n ],\n [\n -122.27920532226562,\n 38.205274034117814\n ],\n [\n -122.27783203125,\n 38.15426719087882\n ],\n [\n -122.2623825073242,\n 38.13860713787158\n ],\n [\n -122.28057861328124,\n 38.11970259728823\n ],\n [\n -122.39730834960938,\n 38.14940753418616\n ],\n [\n -122.35851287841797,\n 38.21417632897687\n ],\n [\n -122.34718322753905,\n 38.21363682695095\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"567","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5735a95ce4b0dae0d5df518b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":629232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miles, A.K. 0000-0002-3108-808X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":85902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. 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Understanding the fundamental fluid-flow mechanisms involved in the generation of VLP seismic events is, therefore, key to improving eruption prediction and developing insight into the dynamics of fluid movement in volcanoes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières","publisherLocation":"Paris, France","issn":"1772094X","usgsCitation":"Chouet, B.A., 2006, Modelling and understanding volcanic processes using high-quality seismological data: Géosciences, v. 2006, no. 4, p. 56-63.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"56","endPage":"63","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236928,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2006","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c60e4b0c8380cd6fc41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chouet, Bernard A. 0000-0001-5527-0532 chouet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-0532","contributorId":3304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"Bernard","email":"chouet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028390,"text":"70028390 - 2006 - Defining and implementing best available science for fisheries and environmental science, policy, and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028390","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Defining and implementing best available science for fisheries and environmental science, policy, and management","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03632415","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, P., Acheson, J., Angermeier, P., Faast, T., Flemma, J., Jones, C., Knudsen, E., Minello, T., Secor, D., Wunderlich, R., and Zanetell, B., 2006, Defining and implementing best available science for fisheries and environmental science, policy, and management: Fisheries, v. 31, no. 9, p. 460-465.","startPage":"460","endPage":"465","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe37e4b0c8380cd4ebcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, P.J.","contributorId":38762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Acheson, J.M.","contributorId":64016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acheson","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angermeier, P. 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To be useful, many concerns need to be considered. Four are discussed here: (a) mathematical and numerical accuracy of the model; (b) the accuracy of the data used in model development, (c) the information observations provide to aspects of the model important to predictions of interest as measured using sensitivity analysis; and (d) the existence of plausible alternative models for a given system. The four issues are illustrated using examples from conservative and transport modelling, and using conceptual arguments. Results suggest that ignoring these issues can produce misleading conclusions.","largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","language":"English","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., 2006, Using models to manage systems subject to sustainability indicators, in IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 302, p. 53-58.","startPage":"53","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"302","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc071e4b08c986b32a11b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, M. 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Despite the importance of this disease, little is known about the factors that cause avian cholera outbreaks and what management strategies might be used to reduce disease mortality. Previous studies indicated that wetland water conditions may affect survival and transmission of Pasteurella multocida, the agent that causes avian cholera. These studies hypothesized that water conditions affect the likelihood that avian cholera outbreaks will occur in specific wetlands. To test these predictions, we collected data from avian cholera outbreak and non-outbreak (control) wetlands throughout North America (wintera??spring 1995a??1996 to 1998a??1999) to evaluate whether water conditions were associated with outbreaks. Conditional logistic regression analysis on paired outbreak and non-outbreak wetlands indicated no significant association between water conditions and the risk of avian cholera outbreaks. For wetlands where avian cholera outbreaks occurred, linear regression showed that increased eutrophic nutrient concentrations (Potassium [K], nitrate [NO3], phosphorus [P], and phosphate [PO3]) were positively related to the abundance of P. multocida recovered from water and sediment samples. Wetland protein concentration and an El Ni??o event were also associated with P. multocida abundance. Our results indicate that wetland water conditions are not strongly associated with the risk of avian cholera outbreaks; however, some variables may play a role in the abundance of P. multocida bacteria and might be important in reducing the severity of avian cholera outbreaks.
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