{"pageNumber":"2445","pageRowStart":"61100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70028826,"text":"70028826 - 2006 - Correlated growth and survival of juvenile spectacled eiders: Evidence of habitat limitation?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T15:35:14","indexId":"70028826","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlated growth and survival of juvenile spectacled eiders: Evidence of habitat limitation?","docAbstract":"<p>We studied the growth and survival of Spectacled Eider (<i>Somateria fischeri</i>) ducklings to 30 days of age along the lower Kashunuk River on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta from 1995 to 2000. We replicated this study at a second site, Kigigak Island, in 1999 and 2000. Age-adjusted estimates of duckling mass and survival at 30 days posthatching were highly variable. Duckling survival was consistently higher on Kigigak Island in 1999 and 2000, averaging 67%, while survival on the Kashunuk River averaged 45% during the same time period. Duckling survival was negatively related to hatching date. At the Kashunuk River site our data supported models that indicated age-adjusted mass varied with habitat type and declined with hatching date. Ducklings from Kashunuk River were heavier in 1999, while ducklings from Kigigak Island were heavier in 2000. However, we found a positive correlation between 30-day duckling survival and age-adjusted mass, suggesting a localized environmental effect on both parameters. We conclude that predation may be the proximate mechanism of mortality, but habitat conditions are likely the ultimate factors influencing duckling survival. Geographic variation in rates of duckling survival and apparent growth suggest that spatial heterogeneity in population vital rates is occurring at multiple levels.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[901:CGASOJ]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., Morse, J.A., Grand, J.B., and Moran, C.L., 2006, Correlated growth and survival of juvenile spectacled eiders: Evidence of habitat limitation?: The Condor, v. 108, no. 4, p. 901-911, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[901:CGASOJ]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"901","endPage":"911","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477481,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[901:cgasoj]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"108","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc21e4b0c8380cd4e131","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":419901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morse, Julie A.","contributorId":63939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morse","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":419900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moran, Christine L.","contributorId":6621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moran","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":419899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028886,"text":"70028886 - 2006 - Cloud-to-ground lightning and surface rainfall in warm-season Florida thunderstorms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028886","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cloud-to-ground lightning and surface rainfall in warm-season Florida thunderstorms","docAbstract":"Relationships between cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning and surface rainfall have been examined in nine isolated, warm-season thunderstorms on the east coast of central Florida. CG flashes and the associated rain volumes were measured as a function of time in storm-centered reference frames that followed each storm over a network of rain gauges. Values of the storm-average rain volume per CG flash ranged from 0.70 ?? 104 to 6.4 ?? 104 m3/CG flash, with a mean (and standard deviation) of 2.6 ?? 104 ?? 2.1 ?? 104 m3/CG flash. Values of the rain volume concurrent with CG flashes ranged from 0.11 ?? 104 to 4.9 ?? 104 m3/CG flash with a mean of 2.1 ?? 104 ?? 2.0 ?? 104 m3/CG flash. The lag-time between the peak CG flash rate and the peak rainfall rate (using 5 min bins), and the results of a lag correlation analysis, show that surface rainfall tends to follow the lightning (positive lag) by up to 20 min in six storms. In one storm the rainfall preceded the lightning by 5 min, and two storms had nonsignificant lags. Values of the lagged rain volume concurrent with CG flashes ranged from 0.43 ?? 104 to 4.9 ?? 104 m3/CG flash, and the mean was 1.9 ?? 104 ?? 1.7 ?? 104 m3/CG flash. For the five storms that produced 12 or more flashes and had significant lags, a plot of the optimum lag time versus the total number of CG flashes shows a linear trend (R2 = 0.56). The number of storms is limited, but the lag results do indicate that large storms tend to have longer lags. A linear fit to the lagged rain volume vs. the number of concurrent CG flashes has a slope of 1.9 ?? 104 m3/CG flash (R2 = 0.83). We conclude that warm-season Florida thunderstorms produce a roughly constant rain volume per CG flash and that CG lightning can be used to estimate the location and intensity of convective rainfall in that weather regime. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JD006802","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Gungle, B., and Krider, E., 2006, Cloud-to-ground lightning and surface rainfall in warm-season Florida thunderstorms: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 111, no. 19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006802.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477402,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jd006802","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209746,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006802"},{"id":236447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f676e4b0c8380cd4c79d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gungle, B.","contributorId":90920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gungle","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krider, E.P.","contributorId":107914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krider","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028829,"text":"70028829 - 2006 - Toxicity of synthetic musks to early life stages of the freshwater mussel Lampsilis cardium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028829","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of synthetic musks to early life stages of the freshwater mussel Lampsilis cardium","docAbstract":"Polycyclic musk fragrances are common additives to many consumer products. As a result of their widespread use and slow degradation rates, they are widely found in aquatic environments. This study reports on the lethal and sublethal toxicity of the polycyclic musks AHTN (Tonalide??) and HHCB (Galaxolide??) to glochidial (larval) and juvenile life stages of the freshwater mussel Lampsilis cardium (Rafinesque, 1820). In glochidia, 24-h median lethal concentrations (LC50s) ranged from 454 to 850 ??g AHTN/L and from 1000 to >1750 ??g HHCB/L (water solubility). Results for 48-h tests were similar to the 24-h tests. In 96-h tests with juveniles, we did not observe a dose-response relation between mortality and either musk. However, the growth rate was reduced by musk exposure. The median effective concentrations (EC50s, based on growth) were highly variable and ranged from 108 to 1034 ??g AHTN/L and 153 to 831 ??g HHCB/L. While all adverse effects occurred at concentrations that are much greater than those reported in natural waters (low ??g/L to ng/L), these results indicate the potential for adverse effects on these long-lived organisms from exposure to synthetic musk fragrances. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00244-005-0223-4","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Gooding, M., Newton, T., Bartsch, M., and Hornbuckle, K., 2006, Toxicity of synthetic musks to early life stages of the freshwater mussel Lampsilis cardium: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 51, no. 4, p. 549-558, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-0223-4.","startPage":"549","endPage":"558","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477447,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2757453","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209902,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-0223-4"},{"id":236649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb617e4b08c986b326a65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gooding, M.P.","contributorId":62008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooding","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newton, T.J.","contributorId":104428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartsch, M.R.","contributorId":42908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hornbuckle, K.C.","contributorId":28793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornbuckle","given":"K.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028738,"text":"70028738 - 2006 - Parameterization and simulation of near bed orbital velocities under irregular waves in shallow water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-23T15:38:18","indexId":"70028738","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1262,"text":"Coastal Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parameterization and simulation of near bed orbital velocities under irregular waves in shallow water","docAbstract":"A set of empirical formulations is derived that describe important wave properties in shallow water as functions of commonly used parameters such as wave height, wave period, local water depth and local bed slope. These wave properties include time varying near-bed orbital velocities and statistical properties such as the distribution of wave height and wave period. Empirical expressions of characteristic wave parameters are derived on the basis of extensive analysis of field data using recently developed evolutionary algorithms. The field data covered a wide range of wave conditions, though there were few conditions with wave periods greater than 15 s. Comparison with field measurements showed good agreement both on a time scale of a single wave period as well as time averaged velocity moments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2006.06.002","issn":"03783839","usgsCitation":"Elfrink, B., Hanes, D., and Ruessink, B., 2006, Parameterization and simulation of near bed orbital velocities under irregular waves in shallow water: Coastal Engineering, v. 53, no. 11, p. 915-927, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2006.06.002.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"915","endPage":"927","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209712,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2006.06.002"}],"volume":"53","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a74d0e4b0c8380cd77848","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elfrink, B.","contributorId":98186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elfrink","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanes, D.M.","contributorId":22479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanes","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruessink, B.G.","contributorId":38029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruessink","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028771,"text":"70028771 - 2006 - Uranium distribution in the coastal waters and pore waters of Tampa Bay, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028771","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium distribution in the coastal waters and pore waters of Tampa Bay, Florida","docAbstract":"The geochemical reactivity of uranium (238U) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), Fe, Mn, Ba, and V was investigated in the water column, pore waters, and across a river/estuarine mixing zone in Tampa Bay, Florida. This large estuary is impacted both by diverse anthropogenic activity and by extensive U-rich phosphatic deposits. Thus, the estuarine behavior of uranium may be examined relative to such known U enrichments and anthropogenic perturbations. Dissolved (< 0.45??m) uranium exhibited both removal and enrichment processes across the Alafia River/estuarine mixing zone relative to conservative mixing. Such non-conservative U behavior may be attributed to: i) physical mixing processes within the river; ii) U carrier phase reactivity; and/or iii) fluid exchange processes across sediment/water interface. In the bay proper, U concentrations were ?????2 to 3 times greater than those reported for other estuarine systems and are likely a result of erosional inputs from the extensive, underlying U-rich phosphatic deposits. Whereas dissolved U concentrations generally did not approach seawater values (13.6??nM) along the Alafia River salinity transect, water column U concentrations exceeded 16??nM in select regions of the bay. Within the hydrogeological framework of the bay, such enriched U may also be derived from advective fluid transport processes across the sediment/water interface, such as submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) or hyporheic exchange within coastal rivers. Pore water profiles of U in Tampa Bay show both a flux into and out of bottom sediments, and average, diffusive U pore water fluxes (Jdiff) ranged from - 82.0 to 116.6??mol d- 1. It is likely that negative U fluxes imply seawater entrainment or infiltration (i.e., submarine groundwater recharge), which may contribute to the removal of water column uranium. For comparison, a bay-wide, Ra-derived submarine groundwater discharge estimate for Tampa Bay (8??L m- 2 d- 1) yielded an average, advective (JSGD) U flux of 112.9??mol d- 1. In Tampa Bay, the estuarine distribution of U indicates a strong natural, geologic control that may also be influenced by enhanced fluid transport processes across the sediment/water interface. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2006.06.016","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, P., and Baskaran, M., 2006, Uranium distribution in the coastal waters and pore waters of Tampa Bay, Florida: Marine Chemistry, v. 102, no. 3-4, p. 252-266, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2006.06.016.","startPage":"252","endPage":"266","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209669,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2006.06.016"},{"id":236340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbda8e4b08c986b329157","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baskaran, M.","contributorId":96627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskaran","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028885,"text":"70028885 - 2006 - Comparison of local grid refinement methods for MODFLOW","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028885","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Comparison of local grid refinement methods for MODFLOW","docAbstract":"Many ground water modeling efforts use a finite-difference method to solve the ground water flow equation, and many of these models require a relatively fine-grid discretization to accurately represent the selected process in limited areas of interest. Use of a fine grid over the entire domain can be computationally prohibitive; using a variably spaced grid can lead to cells with a large aspect ratio and refinement in areas where detail is not needed. One solution is to use local-grid refinement (LGR) whereby the grid is only refined in the area of interest. This work reviews some LGR methods and identifies advantages and drawbacks in test cases using MODFLOW-2000. The first test case is two dimensional and heterogeneous; the second is three dimensional and includes interaction with a meandering river. Results include simulations using a uniform fine grid, a variably spaced grid, a traditional method of LGR without feedback, and a new shared node method with feedback. Discrepancies from the solution obtained with the uniform fine grid are investigated. For the models tested, the traditional one-way coupled approaches produced discrepancies in head up to 6.8% and discrepancies in cell-to-cell fluxes up to 7.1%, while the new method has head and cell-to-cell flux discrepancies of 0.089% and 0.14%, respectively. Additional results highlight the accuracy, flexibility, and CPU time trade-off of these methods and demonstrate how the new method can be successfully implemented to model surface water-ground water interactions. Copyright ?? 2006 The Author(s).","largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00192.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Mehl, S., Hill, M.C., and Leake, S.A., 2006, Comparison of local grid refinement methods for MODFLOW, <i>in</i> Ground Water, v. 44, no. 6, p. 792-796, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00192.x.","startPage":"792","endPage":"796","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209721,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00192.x"},{"id":236413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f870e4b0c8380cd4d0db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mehl, S.","contributorId":20114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehl","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leake, S. A.","contributorId":52164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028850,"text":"70028850 - 2006 - Mercury in soils, lakes, and fish in Voyageurs National Park (Minnesota): Importance of atmospheric deposition and ecosystem factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028850","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury in soils, lakes, and fish in Voyageurs National Park (Minnesota): Importance of atmospheric deposition and ecosystem factors","docAbstract":"Concentrations of methylmercury in game fish from many interior lakes in Voyageurs National Park (MN, U.S.A.) substantially exceed criteria for the protection of human health. We assessed the importance of atmospheric and geologic sources of mercury to interior lakes and watersheds within the Park and identified ecosystem factors associated with variation in methylmercury contamination of lacustrine food webs. Geologic sources of mercury were small, based on analyses of underlying bedrock and C-horizon soils, and nearly all mercury in the O- and A-horizon soils was derived from atmospheric deposition. Analyses of dated sediment cores from five lakes showed that most (63% ?? 13%) of the mercury accumulated in lake sediments during the 1900s was from anthropogenic sources. Contamination of food webs was assessed by analysis of whole, 1-year-old yellow perch (Perca flavescens), a regionally important prey fish. The concentrations of total mercury in yellow perch and of methylmercury in lake water varied substantially among lakes, reflecting the influence of ecosystem processes and variables that affect the microbial production and abundance of methylmercury. Models developed with the information-theoretic approach (Akaike Information Criteria) identified lake water pH, dissolved sulfate, and total organic carbon (an indicator of wetland influence) as factors influencing methylmercury concentrations in lake water and fish. We conclude that nearly all of the mercury in fish in this seemingly pristine landscape was derived from atmospheric deposition, that most of this bioaccumulated mercury was from anthropogenic sources, and that both watershed and lacustrine factors exert important controls on the bioaccumulation of methylmercury. ?? 2006 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es060822h","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Wiener, J., Knights, B., Sandheinrich, M., Jeremiason, J.D., Brigham, M.E., Engstrom, D., Woodruff, L.G., Cannon, W., and Balogh, S., 2006, Mercury in soils, lakes, and fish in Voyageurs National Park (Minnesota): Importance of atmospheric deposition and ecosystem factors: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 20, p. 6261-6268, https://doi.org/10.1021/es060822h.","startPage":"6261","endPage":"6268","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209699,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es060822h"},{"id":236379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5416e4b0c8380cd6ce9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knights, B.C. 0000-0001-8526-8468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-8468","contributorId":42937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knights","given":"B.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sandheinrich, M.B.","contributorId":76263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandheinrich","given":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jeremiason, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":7146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeremiason","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brigham, M. E.","contributorId":87535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Engstrom, D.R.","contributorId":88496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engstrom","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Woodruff, L. G.","contributorId":46999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cannon, W.F. 0000-0002-2699-8118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":70382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"W.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Balogh, S.J.","contributorId":107455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balogh","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70028878,"text":"70028878 - 2006 - Survival and growth of age-0 steelhead after surgical implantation of 23-mm passive integrated transponders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T14:23:41","indexId":"70028878","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival and growth of age-0 steelhead after surgical implantation of 23-mm passive integrated transponders","docAbstract":"<p><span>Little information is available on the effects of implanting 23-mm passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags in salmonids less than 90 mm fork length (FL). Using juvenile steelhead&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>&nbsp;(range, 73&ndash;97 mm FL), we compared instantaneous growth rates and survival among three experimental groups: control, surgery with no tag, and surgery with tag. Survival rate was lower for tagged fish (86%) than for control and surgery&minus;no tag fish (virtually 100% in each group). Approximately 90% of the mortalities occurred during days 1&ndash;3. Growth rate for the tagged group was lower for the first two 10-d measurement intervals; however, during the third 10-d interval, growth rates for tagged fish equaled or exceeded values for the other groups. These results suggest that tagged fish recovered by day 20. Growth rates for the control and surgery&minus;no tag groups did not differ from one another during any measurement interval. Tag retention rate was 97% over the 30-d period of the study. It appears that the combination of fish length and tag size in this study resulted in short-term negative effects on growth rate and survival; however, 23-mm PIT tags may still be useful for studies of salmonids 80&ndash;90 mm FL when survival is not the parameter of interest.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1577/M05-111.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Bateman, D., and Gresswell, R., 2006, Survival and growth of age-0 steelhead after surgical implantation of 23-mm passive integrated transponders: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 26, no. 3, p. 545-550, https://doi.org/10.1577/M05-111.1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"545","endPage":"550","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209615,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M05-111.1"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2b0e4b08c986b31f8ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bateman, D.S.","contributorId":21103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bateman","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gresswell, R. E.","contributorId":38084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028884,"text":"70028884 - 2006 - Effects of floods on fish assemblages in an intermittent prairie stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028884","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of floods on fish assemblages in an intermittent prairie stream","docAbstract":"1. Floods are major disturbances to stream ecosystems that can kill or displace organisms and modify habitats. Many studies have reported changes in fish assemblages after a single flood, but few studies have evaluated the importance of timing and intensity of floods on long-term fish assemblage dynamics. 2. We used a 10-year dataset to evaluate the effects of floods on fishes in Kings Creek, an intermittent prairie stream in north-eastern, Kansas, U.S.A. Samples were collected seasonally at two perennial headwater sites (1995-2005) and one perennial downstream flowing site (1997-2005) allowing us to evaluate the effects of floods at different locations within a watershed. In addition, four surveys during 2003 and 2004 sampled 3-5 km of stream between the long-term study sites to evaluate the use of intermittent reaches of this stream. 3. Because of higher discharge and bed scouring at the downstream site, we predicted that the fish assemblage would have lowered species richness and abundance following floods. In contrast, we expected increased species richness and abundance at headwater sites because floods increase stream connectivity and create the potential for colonisation from downstream reaches. 4. Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) was used to select among candidate regression models that predicted species richness and abundance based on Julian date, time since floods, season and physical habitat at each site. At the downstream site, AIC weightings suggested Julian date was the best predictor of fish assemblage structure, but no model explained >16% of the variation in species richness or community structure. Variation explained by Julian date was primarily attributed to a long-term pattern of declining abundance of common species. At the headwater sites, there was not a single candidate model selected to predict total species abundance and assemblage structure. AIC weightings suggested variation in assemblage structure was associated with either Julian date or local habitat characteristics. 5. Fishes rapidly colonised isolated or dry habitats following floods. This was evidenced by the occurrence of fishes in intermittent reaches and the positive association between maximum daily discharge and colonisation events at both headwater sites. 6. Our study suggests floods allow dispersal into intermittent habitats with little or no downstream displacement of fishes. Movement of fishes among habitats during flooding highlights the importance of maintaining connectivity of stream networks of low to medium order prairie streams. ?? 2006 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01640.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Franssen, N., Gido, K., Guy, C., Tripe, J., Shrank, S., Strakosh, T., Bertrand, K., Franssen, C., Pitts, K., and Paukert, C., 2006, Effects of floods on fish assemblages in an intermittent prairie stream: Freshwater Biology, v. 51, no. 11, p. 2072-2086, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01640.x.","startPage":"2072","endPage":"2086","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209720,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01640.x"},{"id":236412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06f6e4b0c8380cd514d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franssen, N.R.","contributorId":81300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franssen","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gido, K.B.","contributorId":106298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gido","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guy, C.S.","contributorId":59160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tripe, J.A.","contributorId":93258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tripe","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shrank, S.J.","contributorId":41640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shrank","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Strakosh, T.R.","contributorId":45883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strakosh","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bertrand, K.N.","contributorId":52381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bertrand","given":"K.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Franssen, C.M.","contributorId":104267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franssen","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pitts, K.L.","contributorId":102255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitts","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Paukert, C.P.","contributorId":10151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70028772,"text":"70028772 - 2006 - <i>M</i> ≥  7.0 earthquake recurrence on the San Andreas fault from a stress renewal model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-20T11:39:43","indexId":"70028772","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"<i>M</i> ≥  7.0 earthquake recurrence on the San Andreas fault from a stress renewal model","docAbstract":"<p>&nbsp;Forecasting <i>M</i> &ge; 7.0 San Andreas fault earthquakes requires an assessment of their expected frequency. I used a three-dimensional finite element model of California to calculate volumetric static stress drops from scenario <i>M</i> &ge; 7.0 earthquakes on three San Andreas fault sections. The ratio of stress drop to tectonic stressing rate derived from geodetic displacements yielded recovery times at points throughout the model volume. Under a renewal model, stress recovery times on ruptured fault planes can be a proxy for earthquake recurrence. I show curves of magnitude versus stress recovery time for three San Andreas fault sections. When stress recovery times were converted to expected <i>M</i> &ge; 7.0 earthquake frequencies, they fit Gutenberg-Richter relationships well matched to observed regional rates of <i>M</i> &le; 6.0 earthquakes. Thus a stress-balanced model permits large earthquake Gutenberg-Richter behavior on an individual fault segment, though it does not require it. Modeled slip magnitudes and their expected frequencies were consistent with those observed at the Wrightwood paleoseismic site if strict time predictability does not apply to the San Andreas fault.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2006JB004415","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T.E., 2006, <i>M</i> ≥  7.0 earthquake recurrence on the San Andreas fault from a stress renewal model: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 111, no. 12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JB004415.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477474,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jb004415","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209695,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JB004415"}],"volume":"111","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4aa5e4b0c8380cd68f1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0582-4338 tparsons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":2314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Thomas","email":"tparsons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":419693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70028726,"text":"70028726 - 2006 - Photometric properties of Titan's surface from Cassini VIMS: Relevance to titan's hemispherical albedo dichotomy and surface stability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028726","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Photometric properties of Titan's surface from Cassini VIMS: Relevance to titan's hemispherical albedo dichotomy and surface stability","docAbstract":"The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) instrument on the Cassini Saturn Orbiter returned spectral imaging data as the spacecraft undertook six close encounters with Titan beginning 7 July, 2004. Three of these flybys each produced overlapping coverage of two distinct regions of Titan's surface. Twenty-four points were selected on approximately opposite hemispheres to serve as photometric controls. Six points were selected in each of four reflectance classes. On one hemisphere each control point was observed at three distinct phase angles. From the derived phase coefficients, preliminary normal reflectances were derived for each reflectance class. The normal reflectance of Titan's surface units at 2.0178 ??m ranged from 0.079 to 0.185 for the most absorbing to the most reflective units assuming no contribution from absorbing haze. When a modest haze contribution of ??=0.1 is considered these numbers increase to 0.089-0.215. We find that the lowest three reflectance classes have comparable normal reflectance on either hemisphere. However, for the highest brightness class the normal reflectance is higher on the hemisphere encompassing longitude 14-65?? compared to the same high brightness class for the hemisphere encompassing 122-156?? longitude. We conclude that an albedo dichotomy observed in continental sized units on Titan is due not only to one unit having more areal coverage of reflective material than the other but the material on the brighter unit is intrinsically more reflective than the most reflective material on the other unit. This suggests that surface renewal processes are more widespread on Titan's more reflective units than on its less reflective units. We note that one of our photometric control points has increased in reflectance by 12% relative to the surrounding terrain from July of 2004 to April and May of 2005. Possible causes of this effect include atmospheric processes such as ground fog or orographic clouds; the suggestion of active volcanism cannot be ruled out. Several interesting circular features which resembled impact craters were identified on Titan's surface at the time of the initial Titan flyby in July of 2004. We traced photometric profiles through two of these candidate craters and attempted to fit these profiles to the photometric properties expected from model depressions. We find that the best-fit attempt to model these features as craters requires that they be unrealistically deep, approximately 70 km deep. We conclude that despite their appearance, these circular features are not craters, however, the possibility that they are palimpsests cannot be ruled out. We used two methods to test for the presence of vast expanses of liquids on Titan's surface that had been suggested to resemble oceans. Specular reflection of sunlight would be indicative of widespread liquids on the surface; we found no evidence of this. A large liquid body should also show uniformity in photometric profile; we found the profiles to be highly variable. The lack of specular reflection and the high photometric variability in the profiles across candidate oceans is inconsistent with the presence of vast expanses of flat-lying liquids on Titan's surface. While liquid accumulation may be present as small, sub-pixel-sized bodies, or in areas of the surface which still remain to be observed by VIMS, the presence of large ocean-sized accumulations of liquids can be ruled out. The Cassini orbital tour offers the opportunity for VIMS to image the same parts of Titan's surface repeatedly at many different illumination and observation geometries. This creates the possibility of understanding the properties of Titan's atmosphere and haze by iteratively adapting models to create a best fit to the surface reflectance properties. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2006.06.014","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"Nelson, R., Brown, R.H., Hapke, B., Smythe, W.D., Kamp, L., Boryta, M., Leader, F., Baines, K.H., Bellucci, G., Bibring, J., Buratti, B.J., Capaccioni, F., Cerroni, P., Clark, R.N., Combes, M., Coradini, A., Cruikshank, D.P., Drossart, P., Formisano, V., Jaumann, R., Langevin, Y., Matson, D.L., McCord, T.B., Mennella, V., Nicholson, P.D., Sicardy, B., and Sotin, C., 2006, Photometric properties of Titan's surface from Cassini VIMS: Relevance to titan's hemispherical albedo dichotomy and surface stability: Planetary and Space Science, v. 54, no. 15, p. 1540-1551, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2006.06.014.","startPage":"1540","endPage":"1551","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209998,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2006.06.014"},{"id":236784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a2ce4b0c8380cd78d92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, R.M.","contributorId":38316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hapke, B.W.","contributorId":7899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smythe, W. D.","contributorId":90878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smythe","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kamp, L.","contributorId":32312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamp","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boryta, M.D.","contributorId":21337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boryta","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leader, F.","contributorId":37942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leader","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bellucci, G.","contributorId":46256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellucci","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bibring, J.-P.","contributorId":86083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bibring","given":"J.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Capaccioni, F.","contributorId":90900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capaccioni","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Cerroni, P.","contributorId":7869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerroni","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Combes, M.","contributorId":66892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Combes","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Coradini, A.","contributorId":34679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coradini","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Drossart, P.","contributorId":29574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drossart","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Formisano, V.","contributorId":44694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Formisano","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Langevin, Y.","contributorId":24900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Matson, D. L.","contributorId":59940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Mennella, V.","contributorId":88522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mennella","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Sicardy, B.","contributorId":57622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sicardy","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27}]}}
,{"id":70028905,"text":"70028905 - 2006 - Testing the junk-food hypothesis on marine birds: Effects of prey type on growth and development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:34:13","indexId":"70028905","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing the junk-food hypothesis on marine birds: Effects of prey type on growth and development","docAbstract":"<p>The junk-food hypothesis attributes declines in productivity of marine birds and mammals to changes in the species of prey they consume and corresponding differences in nutritional quality of those prey. To test this hypothesis nestling Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) and Tufted Puffins (Fratercula cirrhata) were raised in captivity under controlled conditions to determine whether the type and quality of fish consumed by young seabirds constrains their growth and development. Some nestlings were fed rations of Capelin (Mallotus villosus), Herring (Clupea pallasi) or Sand Lance (Ammodytes hexapterus) and their growth was compared with nestlings raised on equal biomass rations of Walleye Pollock (Theragra chalcograma). Nestlings fed rations of herring, sand lance, or capelin experienced higher growth increments than nestlings fed pollock. The energy density of forage fish fed to nestlings had a marked effect on growth increments and could be expected to have an effect on pre- and post-fledging survival of nestlings in the wild. These results provide empirical support for the junk-food hypothesis.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[407:TTJHOM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"Romano, M.D., Piatt, J.F., and Roby, D., 2006, Testing the junk-food hypothesis on marine birds: Effects of prey type on growth and development: Waterbirds, v. 29, no. 4, p. 407-414, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[407:TTJHOM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"407","endPage":"414","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209616,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[407:TTJHOM]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5d5e4b08c986b320cf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Romano, Marc D.","contributorId":73528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romano","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":420496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":420497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roby, D.D. 0000-0001-9844-0992","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":70944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"D.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028753,"text":"70028753 - 2006 - Biodiversity management of fens and fen meadows by grazing, cutting and burning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028753","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Biodiversity management of fens and fen meadows by grazing, cutting and burning","docAbstract":"Question: Can the biodiversity of fens in Europe and North America be maintained through the use of grazing (especially cattle grazing), fire, and/or cutting? Location: European and North American fens. Methods: This paper is a review of the literature on the effects of grazing, fire and cutting on fens, to explore the relationship between management and biodiversity in fens. Results: A reduction of cattle grazing, mowing and burning in fens has led to a reduction in biodiversity in fens. The vegetation of abandoned fens shifts to trees and shrubs after 10-15 years, which shade the smaller and rarer species of these wetlands. While careful use of fire is used to manage fens in North America, it is not widely used in European fens, perhaps because the peat of drained fens may catch fire. Cattle grazing cannot be considered a natural disturbance in North America, since cattle did not evolve on that continent. In Europe, cattle do not generally graze in unaltered fens, but they do use slightly drained fen meadows. Conclusions: Three approaches have been used to control the dominance of tall woody and herbaceous species in abandoned fens, including the re-introduction of cattle, mowing, and burning. Overgrazing results in a permanent reduction in biodiversity, therefore cattle re-introduction must be approached cautiously. In Europe, but not in North America, mowing has been an important management tool, and mowing has been successful in maintaining species richness, particularly in fens that have been mowed annually for centuries. Fire has been the most common and successful management tool in North America although it is not effective in removing shrubs that have become large. Because the problems and solutions are similar, the literature of both European and North American fen management can be analyzed to better assess the management of fens on both continents. Many management questions require further study and these are listed in the paper. ?? IAVS; Opulus Press.","largerWorkTitle":"Applied Vegetation Science","language":"English","doi":"10.1658/1402-2001(2006)9[307:BMOFAF]2.0.CO;2","issn":"14022001","usgsCitation":"Middleton, B., Holsten, B., and Van Diggelen, R., 2006, Biodiversity management of fens and fen meadows by grazing, cutting and burning, <i>in</i> Applied Vegetation Science, v. 9, no. 2, p. 307-316, https://doi.org/10.1658/1402-2001(2006)9[307:BMOFAF]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"307","endPage":"316","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209871,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1658/1402-2001(2006)9[307:BMOFAF]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f14ae4b0c8380cd4ab74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Middleton, B.A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":89108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"B.A.","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holsten, B.","contributorId":77347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holsten","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Diggelen, R.","contributorId":88935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Diggelen","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028904,"text":"70028904 - 2006 - Fine-scale population genetic structure of a wildlife disease vector: The southern house mosquito on the island of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028904","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fine-scale population genetic structure of a wildlife disease vector: The southern house mosquito on the island of Hawaii","docAbstract":"The southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, is a widespread tropical and subtropical disease vector. In the Hawaiian Islands, where it was introduced accidentally almost two centuries ago, it is considered the primary vector of avian malaria and pox. Avian malaria in particular has contributed to the extinction and endangerment of Hawaii's native avifauna, and has altered the altitudinal distribution of native bird populations. We examined the population genetic structure of Cx. quinquefasciatus on the island of Hawaii at a smaller spatial scale than has previously been attempted, with particular emphasis on the effects of elevation on population genetic structure. We found significant genetic differentiation among populations and patterns of isolation by distance within the island. Elevation per se did not have a limiting effect on gene flow; however, there was significantly lower genetic diversity among populations at mid elevations compared to those at low elevations. A recent sample taken from just above the predicted upper altitudinal distribution of Cx. quinquefasciatus on the island of Hawaii was confirmed as being a temporary summer population and appeared to consist of individuals from more than one source population. Our results indicate effects of elevation gradients on genetic structure that are consistent with known effects of elevation on population dynamics of this disease vector. ?? 2006 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03069.x","issn":"09621083","usgsCitation":"Keyghobadi, N., LaPointe, D., Fleischer, R., and Fonseca, D., 2006, Fine-scale population genetic structure of a wildlife disease vector: The southern house mosquito on the island of Hawaii: Molecular Ecology, v. 15, no. 13, p. 3919-3930, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03069.x.","startPage":"3919","endPage":"3930","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210008,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03069.x"},{"id":236795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1025e4b0c8380cd53b49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keyghobadi, N.","contributorId":102678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keyghobadi","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaPointe, D.","contributorId":43316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPointe","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleischer, R.C.","contributorId":82259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fonseca, D.M.","contributorId":13003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fonseca","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028879,"text":"70028879 - 2006 - Transport of horseshoe crab eggs by waves and swash on an estuarine beach: Implications for foraging shorebirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028879","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of horseshoe crab eggs by waves and swash on an estuarine beach: Implications for foraging shorebirds","docAbstract":"The abundance of horseshoe crab eggs in the swash zone and remaining on the beach after tide levels fall was evaluated to identify how numbers of eggs available to shorebirds differ with fluctuations in spawning numbers of horseshoe crabs, wave energies and beach elevation changes. Field data were gathered 1-6 June 2004 at Slaughter Beach on the west side of Delaware Bay, USA. Counts of spawning crabs and process data from a pressure transducer and an anemometer and wind vane were related to number of eggs, embryos and larvae taken at depth and on the surface of the foreshore and in the active swash zone using a streamer trap. Beach elevation changes and depths of sediment activation were used to determine the potential for buried eggs to be exhumed by waves and swash. Mean significant wave heights during high water levels ranged from 0.08 to 0.40 m. Spawning counts were low (50-140 females km-1) when wave heights were low; no spawning occurred when wave heights were high. Vegetative litter (wrack) on the beach provides local traps for eggs, making more eggs available for shorebirds. Accumulation of litter on days when wave energy is low increases the probability that eggs will remain on the surface. High wave energies transport more eggs in the swash, but these eggs are dispersed or buried, and fewer eggs remain on the beach. Peaks in the number of eggs in the swash uprush occur during tidal rise and around time of high tide. The number of eggs in transport decreases during falling tide. Many more eggs move in the active swash zone than are found on the beach after water level falls, increasing the efficiency of bird foraging in the swash. Greater numbers of eggs in the swash during rising tide than falling tide and fewer eggs at lower elevations on the beach, imply that foraging becomes less productive as the tide falls and may help account for the tendency of shorebirds to feed on rising tides rather than on falling or low tides on days when no spawning occurs. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2006.06.027","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, K., Jackson, N., Smith, D., and Weber, R., 2006, Transport of horseshoe crab eggs by waves and swash on an estuarine beach: Implications for foraging shorebirds: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 70, no. 3, p. 438-448, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.06.027.","startPage":"438","endPage":"448","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209644,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.06.027"},{"id":236308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb751e4b08c986b3271bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, K.F.","contributorId":17733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, N.L.","contributorId":104189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":420153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weber, R.G.","contributorId":38686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028729,"text":"70028729 - 2006 - Integration of the stratigraphic aspects of very large sea-floor databases using information processing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028729","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integration of the stratigraphic aspects of very large sea-floor databases using information processing","docAbstract":"Information-processing methods are described that integrate the stratigraphic aspects of large and diverse collections of sea-floor sample data. They efficiently convert common types of sea-floor data into database and GIS (geographical information system) tables, visual core logs, stratigraphic fence diagrams and sophisticated stratigraphic statistics. The input data are held in structured documents, essentially written core logs that are particularly efficient to create from raw input datasets. Techniques are described that permit efficient construction of regional databases consisting of hundreds of cores. The sedimentological observations in each core are located by their downhole depths (metres below sea floor - mbsf) and also by a verbal term that describes the sample 'situation' - a special fraction of the sediment or position in the core. The main processing creates a separate output event for each instance of top, bottom and situation, assigning top-base mbsf values from numeric or, where possible, from word-based relative locational information such as 'core catcher' in reference to sampler device, and recovery or penetration length. The processing outputs represent the sub-bottom as a sparse matrix of over 20 sediment properties of interest, such as grain size, porosity and colour. They can be plotted in a range of core-log programs including an in-built facility that better suits the requirements of sea-floor data. Finally, a suite of stratigraphic statistics are computed, including volumetric grades, overburdens, thicknesses and degrees of layering. ?? The Geological Society of London 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society Special Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03058719","isbn":"1862392102; 9781862392106","usgsCitation":"Jenkins, C.N., Flocks, J., and Kulp, M., 2006, Integration of the stratigraphic aspects of very large sea-floor databases using information processing: Geological Society Special Publication, no. 267, p. 229-240.","startPage":"229","endPage":"240","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"267","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c96e4b0c8380cd62e71","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rothwell R.G.","contributorId":128331,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Rothwell R.G.","id":536646,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Jenkins, Clinton N.","contributorId":101437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Clinton","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flocks, J.","contributorId":36724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kulp, M.","contributorId":39988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028880,"text":"70028880 - 2006 - A new Lagerstätte from the Middle Ordovician St. Peter formation in northeast Iowa, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-13T12:11:31","indexId":"70028880","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new Lagerstätte from the Middle Ordovician St. Peter formation in northeast Iowa, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>A new fossil fauna has been discovered from a recently recognized shale unit within the middle Ordovician St. Peter Formation in northeast Iowa. It contains a variety of invertebrates and vertebrates, including soft body tissues, impressions, and 3-dimensionalpreservations. The exceptional preservation reveals a new Konservat-Lagerst&auml;tte, the Winneshiek Lagerst&auml;tte, and opens a unique window into the community that inhabited the margins of the Laurentian cratonic seaway during Middle Ordovician transgression. Among the fossils, several conodont assemblages, including the apparatus of enigmatic coleodontids, are preserved. Some conodont assemblages associated with soft body tissues are particularly noteworthy.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G22911A.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Liu, H.P., McKay, R.M., Young, J.N., Witzke, B.J., McVey, K.J., and Liu, X., 2006, A new Lagerstätte from the Middle Ordovician St. Peter formation in northeast Iowa, USA: Geology, v. 34, no. 11, p. 969-972, https://doi.org/10.1130/G22911A.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"969","endPage":"972","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209645,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G22911A.1"}],"volume":"34","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e498e4b0c8380cd46754","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Huaibao P.","contributorId":14581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Huaibao","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKay, Robert M.","contributorId":91928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, Jean N.","contributorId":13798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Witzke, Brian J.","contributorId":40347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witzke","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McVey, Kathlyn J.","contributorId":101438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McVey","given":"Kathlyn","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, Xiuying","contributorId":76529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Xiuying","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028911,"text":"70028911 - 2006 - Attributes of desert tortoise populations at the National Training Center, Central Mojave Desert, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028911","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Attributes of desert tortoise populations at the National Training Center, Central Mojave Desert, California, USA","docAbstract":"We sampled 21 study plots for desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) at the National Training Center, Fort Irwin, California. Each plot was sampled once between 1997 and 2003 to obtain a snapshot of population attributes, status, and relationships between tortoise densities and human activities. Densities ranged from <1 to 28 tortoises km-2; overall, tortoises were uncommon to rare at 16 of the 21 plots. Tortoise densities were negatively correlated with death rates, infectious disease (mycoplasmosis), surface disturbance and trash. Health status of tortoises was correlated with some anthropogenic uses. The presence of infectious disease in tortoises was negatively correlated with distances from offices, the Ft. Irwin cantonment, and paved roads. Also, significantly more tortoises with shell disease were found on plots with current and recent military use than on plots with no history of military use. Factors contributing to or causing deaths of tortoises included vehicles, vandalism, predation, mycoplasmosis and shell diseases. Annual death rates for subadult and adult tortoises ranged from 1.9% to 95.2% for the 4 years preceding surveys. Deaths from anthropogenic sources were significantly correlated with surface disturbances, trash, military ordnance, and proximity to offices and paved roads-typical characteristics of military training areas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.02.001","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Berry, K., Bailey, T., and Anderson, K., 2006, Attributes of desert tortoise populations at the National Training Center, Central Mojave Desert, California, USA: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 67, no. SUPPL., p. 165-191, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.02.001.","startPage":"165","endPage":"191","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209647,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.02.001"},{"id":236311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"SUPPL.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eed7e4b0c8380cd49fd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berry, K.H.","contributorId":17934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, T.Y.","contributorId":64008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"T.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, K.M.","contributorId":39996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028912,"text":"70028912 - 2006 - Ecology of a population of subsidized predators: Common ravens in the central Mojave Desert, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028912","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecology of a population of subsidized predators: Common ravens in the central Mojave Desert, California","docAbstract":"Human subsidies have resulted in the rapid growth of populations of common ravens (Corvus corax) in the Mojave Desert. This is a management concern because ravens prey on threatened desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii). We conducted weekly counts for 29 months at 10 sites on the US Army's National Training Center, Fort Irwin, California to evaluate factors affecting the distribution of ravens. Raven abundance varied seasonally, diurnally, and with human abundance. It was greatest near resource subsidies, specifically the landfill and sewage ponds. Although other studies have documented heavy use of landfills by ravens, the use of sewage ponds had not been previously reported in the published literature. We suggest that raven management should focus on reducing access to anthropogenic resources. ?? 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.024","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Boarman, W., Patten, M., Camp, R., and Collis, S., 2006, Ecology of a population of subsidized predators: Common ravens in the central Mojave Desert, California: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 67, no. SUPPL., p. 248-261, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.024.","startPage":"248","endPage":"261","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209648,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.024"},{"id":236312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"SUPPL.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0570e4b0c8380cd50dd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boarman, W.I.","contributorId":73523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boarman","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patten, M.A.","contributorId":107912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patten","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Camp, R.J.","contributorId":89097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collis, S.J.","contributorId":80061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collis","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028773,"text":"70028773 - 2006 - Relative persistence and dispersal of age-0 and age-1 largemouth bass stocked into two Ohio River embayments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028773","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative persistence and dispersal of age-0 and age-1 largemouth bass stocked into two Ohio River embayments","docAbstract":"In October of 1998 the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources stocked age-0 [mean total length (MTL) = 178 mm] and age-1 (MTL = 273 mm) hatchery-reared largemouth bass into two embayments of the Ohio River. Stocked fish were fitted with both an anchor tag and a visible implant elastomer mark. A multifaceted sampling approach was undertaken to (1) evaluate the persistence of stocked largemouth bass, (2) estimate fidelity of stocked largemouth bass to release sites, and (3) compare return rates of the two age classes. Although stocked largemouth bass comprised the majority (81%) of all bass captured in electrofishing surveys of the stocked embayments during fall 1998, catches declined rapidly during winter 1998, and by spring and summer 1999 stocked largemouth bass were virtually absent from electrofishing surveys. Creel surveys indicated no catch of stocked largemouth bass in the release sites after winter 1998. Electrofishing surveys, creel surveys, and angler call-ins all suggested stocked fish did not persist and either moved out of the stocked embayments or died. The results suggest that stocking advanced-size largemouth bass into these embayments only provided a limited and short-term enhancement of the fishery in those areas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"02705060","usgsCitation":"Hartman, K., and Janney, E., 2006, Relative persistence and dispersal of age-0 and age-1 largemouth bass stocked into two Ohio River embayments: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 21, no. 4, p. 627-637.","startPage":"627","endPage":"637","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa690e4b0c8380cd84f0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartman, K.J.","contributorId":64007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janney, E.C.","contributorId":43955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janney","given":"E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028903,"text":"70028903 - 2006 - Complementary population dynamics of exotic and native Daphnia in North American reservoir communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028903","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":883,"text":"Archiv fur Hydrobiologie","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complementary population dynamics of exotic and native Daphnia in North American reservoir communities","docAbstract":"During its invasion of North America, the exotic Daphnia lumholtzi has rapidly colonized numerous reservoirs, natural lakes, and large rivers. In the current study, we examine the overlap between D. lumholtzi and native Daphnia species through analysis of two data sets: co-occurrence in reservoirs of the south-central United States and population dynamics in one reservoir. In 171 reservoirs and oxbow lakes, D. lumholtzi was among the most prevalent species and its distribution was independent of other Daphnia species. Over a 28-month period in Stockton Lake, Missouri, D. lumholtzi was abundant only in late summer, a period when the epilimnion was warm (25-30??C) and cyanobacteria were common. Native Daphnia (D. mendotae, D. parvula, and D. retrocurva) complemented this pattern, being generally rare in summer and most abundant during winter and spring. Peak densities and average fecundities of native Daphnia during the cooler months were typically greater than densities and fecundities of D. lumholtzi in summer. The complementary population dynamics between native and exotic species may be significant for the food webs in warm reservoirs, with D. lumholtzi providing another food resource when the abundance of large zooplankton is ordinarily low. ?? 2006 E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archiv fur Hydrobiologie","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1127/0003-9136/2006/0167-0245","issn":"00039136","usgsCitation":"Havel, J., and Graham, J., 2006, Complementary population dynamics of exotic and native Daphnia in North American reservoir communities: Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, v. 167, no. 1-4, p. 245-264, https://doi.org/10.1127/0003-9136/2006/0167-0245.","startPage":"245","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210007,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0003-9136/2006/0167-0245"},{"id":236794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"167","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8f5e4b0c8380cd4d375","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Havel, J.E.","contributorId":72548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havel","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, J.L. 0000-0002-6420-9335","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":79226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028914,"text":"70028914 - 2006 - The influence of aridity and fire on Holocene prairie communities in the eastern Prairie Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028914","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of aridity and fire on Holocene prairie communities in the eastern Prairie Peninsula","docAbstract":"The role of climate and fire in the development, maintenance, and species composition of prairie in the eastern axis of the tallgrass Prairie Peninsula intrigued early North American ecologists. However, evaluation of the long-standing hypotheses about the region's environmental history has been hampered by the scarcity of paleorecords. We conducted multiproxy analyses on early and middle Holocene sediments from two Illinois, USA, lakes to assess long-term climatic, vegetational, and fire variability in the region. Sediment mineral composition, carbonate ??18O, ostracode assemblages, and diatom assemblages were integrated to infer fluctuations in moisture availability. Pollen and charcoal ??13C were used to reconstruct vegetation composition, and charcoal influx was used to reconstruct fire. Results indicate that fire-sensitive trees (e.g., Ulmus, Ostrya, Fraxinus, and Acer saccharum) declined and prairie taxa expanded with increased aridity from 10 000 yr BP to 8500 yr BP. Between ???8500 yr BP and ???6200 yr BP, aridity declined, and prairie coexisted with fire-sensitive and fire-tolerant (e.g., Quercus and Carya) trees. After ???6200 yr BP, prairie taxa became dominant, although aridity was not more severe than it was around 8500 yr BP. Along with aridity, fire appears to have played an important role in the establishment and maintenance of prairie communities in the eastern Prairie Peninsula, consistent with the speculations of the early ecologists. Comparison of our data with results from elsewhere in the North American midcontinent indicates that spatial heterogeneity is a characteristic feature of climatic and vegetational variations on millennial time scales. ?? 2006 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2523:TIOAAF]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Nelson, D., Feng, S., Grimm, E., Curry, B.B., and Slate, J., 2006, The influence of aridity and fire on Holocene prairie communities in the eastern Prairie Peninsula: Ecology, v. 87, no. 10, p. 2523-2536, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2523:TIOAAF]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"2523","endPage":"2536","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209676,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2523:TIOAAF]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad10e4b08c986b32395a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, D.M.","contributorId":104265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feng, S.H.","contributorId":24978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grimm, E.C.","contributorId":88136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimm","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Curry, B. Brandon","contributorId":104224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curry","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brandon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Slate, J.E.","contributorId":6644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slate","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028882,"text":"70028882 - 2006 - Concentration and dry deposition of mercury species in arid south central New Mexico (2001-2002)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-07T18:15:05","indexId":"70028882","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentration and dry deposition of mercury species in arid south central New Mexico (2001-2002)","docAbstract":"<p>This research was initiated to characterize atmospheric deposition of reactive gaseous mercury (RGM), particulate mercury (HgP; &lt;2.5 &mu;m), and gaseous elemental mercury (Hg<sup>0</sup>) in the arid lands of south central New Mexico. Two methods were field-tested to estimate dry deposition of three mercury species. A manual speciation sampling train consisting of a KCl-coated denuder, 2.5 &mu;m quartz fiber filters, and gold-coated quartz traps and an ion-exchange membrane (as a passive surrogate surface) were deployed concurrently over 24-h intervals for an entire year. The mean 24-h atmospheric concentration for RGM was 6.8 pg m<sup>-3</sup><span>&nbsp;with an estimated deposition of 0.10 ng m</span><sup>-2</sup><span>h</span><sup>-1</sup>. The estimated deposition of mercury to the passive surrogate surface was much greater (4.0 ng m<sup>-2</sup><span>h</span><sup>-1</sup>) but demonstrated a diurnal pattern with elevated deposition from late afternoon to late evening (1400&minus;2200; 8.0 ng m<sup>-2</sup><span>h</span><sup>-1</sup>) and lowest deposition during the night just prior to sunrise (2200&minus;0600; 1.7 ng m<sup>-2</sup>h<sup>-1</sup>). The mean 24-h atmospheric concentrations for HgP and Hg<sup>0</sup><span>&nbsp;were 1.52 pg m</span><sup>-3</sup><span>&nbsp;and 1.59 ng m</span><sup>-3</sup>, respectively. Diurnal patterns were observed for RGM with atmospheric levels lowest during the night prior to sunrise (3.8 pg m-3) and greater during the afternoon and early evening (8.9 pg m<sup>-3</sup>). Discernible diurnal patterns were not observed for either HgP or Hg<sup>0</sup>. The total dry deposition of Hg was 5.9 &mu;g m<sup>-2</sup> year-1<span>&nbsp;with the contribution from the three species as follows:&thinsp; RGM (0.88 &mu;g m</span><sup>-2</sup><span>&nbsp;year</span><sup>-1</sup>), HgP (0.025 &mu;g m<sup>-2</sup><span>&nbsp;year</span><sup>-1</sup>), and Hg<sup>0</sup><span>&nbsp;(5.0 &mu;g m</span><sup>-2</sup><span>&nbsp;year</span><sup>-1</sup>). The annual wet deposition for total mercury throughout the same collection duration was 4.2 &mu;g m<sup>-2</sup><span>&nbsp;year</span><sup>-1</sup>, resulting in an estimated total deposition of 10.1 &mu;g m<sup>-2</sup>&nbsp;year<sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;for Hg. On one sampling date, enhanced HgP (12 pg m</span><sup>-3</sup>) was observed due to emissions from a wildfire approximately 250 km to the east.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es0609957","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Caldwell, C.A., Swartzendruber, P., and Prestbo, E., 2006, Concentration and dry deposition of mercury species in arid south central New Mexico (2001-2002): Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 24, p. 7535-7540, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0609957.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"7535","endPage":"7540","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236347,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f979e4b0c8380cd4d612","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caldwell, Colleen A. 0000-0002-4730-4867 ccaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4730-4867","contributorId":3050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Colleen","email":"ccaldwel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":420165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swartzendruber, Philip","contributorId":174451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swartzendruber","given":"Philip","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prestbo, Eric","contributorId":77003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prestbo","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028793,"text":"70028793 - 2006 - San Andreas fault geometry in the Parkfield, California, region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028793","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"San Andreas fault geometry in the Parkfield, California, region","docAbstract":"In map view, aftershocks of the 2004 Parkfield earthquake lie along a line that forms a straighter connection between San Andreas fault segments north and south of the Parkfield reach than does the mapped trace of the fault itself. A straightedge laid on a geologic map of Central California reveals a ???50-km-long asymmetric northeastward warp in the Parkfield reach of the fault. The warp tapers gradually as it joins the straight, creeping segment of the San Andreas to the north-west, but bends abruptly across Cholame Valley at its southeast end to join the straight, locked segment that last ruptured in 1857. We speculate that the San Andreas fault surface near Parkfield has been deflected in its upper ???6 km by nonelastic behavior of upper crustal rock units. These units and the fault surface itself are warped during periods between large 1857-type earthquakes by the presence of the 1857-locked segment to the south, which buttresses intermittent coseismic and continuous aseismic slip on the Parkfield reach. Because of nonelastic behavior, the warping is not completely undone when an 1857-type event occurs, and the upper portion of the three-dimensional fault surface is slowly ratcheted into an increasingly prominent bulge. Ultimately, the fault surface probably becomes too deformed for strike-slip motion, and a new, more vertical connection to the Earth's surface takes over, perhaps along the Southwest Fracture Zone. When this happens a wedge of material currently west of the main trace will be stranded on the east side of the new main trace.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050824","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Simpson, R., Barall, M., Langbein, J., Murray, J., and Rymer, M.J., 2006, San Andreas fault geometry in the Parkfield, California, region: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 4 B, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050824.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209929,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050824"},{"id":236687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"4 B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab09de4b0c8380cd87bda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpson, R.W.","contributorId":76738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barall, M.","contributorId":93687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barall","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langbein, J.","contributorId":16990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murray, J.R.","contributorId":39179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rymer, M. J.","contributorId":90694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rymer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028902,"text":"70028902 - 2006 - Mineralogy and petrology of comet 81P/wild 2 nucleus samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T17:28:42","indexId":"70028902","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy and petrology of comet 81P/wild 2 nucleus samples","docAbstract":"The bulk of the comet 81P/Wild 2 (hereafter Wild 2) samples returned to Earth by the Stardust spacecraft appear to be weakly constructed mixtures of nanometer-scale grains, with occasional much larger (over 1 micrometer) ferromagnesian silicates, Fe-Ni sulfides, Fe-Ni metal, and accessory phases. The very wide range of olivine and low-Ca pyroxene compositions in comet Wild 2 requires a wide range of formation conditions, probably reflecting very different formation locations in the protoplanetary disk. The restricted compositional ranges of Fe-Ni sulfides, the wide range for silicates, and the absence of hydrous phases indicate that comet Wild 2 experienced little or no aqueous alteration. Less abundant Wild 2 materials include a refractory particle, whose presence appears to require radial transport in the early protoplanetary disk.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.1135842","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Zolensky, M., Zega, T., Yano, H., Wirick, S., Westphal, A., Weisberg, M., Weber, I., Warren, J., Velbel, M., Tsuchiyama, A., Tsou, P., Toppani, A., Tomioka, N., Tomeoka, K., Teslich, N., Taheri, M., Susini, J., Stroud, R., Stephan, T., Stadermann, F., Snead, C., Simon, S., Simionovici, A., See, T., Robert, F., Rietmeijer, F., Rao, W., Perronnet, M., Papanastassiou, D., Okudaira, K., Ohsumi, K., Ohnishi, I., Nakamura-Messenger, K., Nakamura, T., Mostefaoui, S., Mikouchi, T., Meibom, A., Matrajt, G., Marcus, M., Leroux, H., Lemelle, L., Le, L., Lanzirotti, A., Langenhorst, F., Krot, A., Keller, L., Kearsley, A., Joswiak, D., Jacob, D., Ishii, H., Harvey, R., Hagiya, K., Grossman, L., Grossman, J., Graham, G., Gounalle, M., Gillet, P., Genge, M., Flynn, G., Ferroir, T., Fallon, S., Ebel, D., Dai, Z., Cordier, P., Clark, B., Chi, M., Butterworth, A.L., Brownlee, D., Bridges, J., Brennan, S., Brearley, A., Bradley, J., Bleuet, P., Bland, P., and Bastien, R., 2006, Mineralogy and petrology of comet 81P/wild 2 nucleus samples: Science, v. 314, no. 5806, p. 1735-1739, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1135842.","startPage":"1735","endPage":"1739","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477410,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/169161","text":"External Repository"},{"id":236762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209982,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1135842"}],"volume":"314","issue":"5806","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ac4e4b0c8380cd6f0fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zolensky, M.E.","contributorId":65653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zolensky","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zega, T.J.","contributorId":95252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zega","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yano, H.","contributorId":57252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yano","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wirick, S.","contributorId":90523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirick","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Westphal, A.J.","contributorId":45104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westphal","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weisberg, M.K.","contributorId":74943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weisberg","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Weber, I.","contributorId":29192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Warren, J.L.","contributorId":71372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Velbel, M.A.","contributorId":28794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velbel","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tsuchiyama, A.","contributorId":101440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsuchiyama","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Tsou, P.","contributorId":33909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsou","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Toppani, A.","contributorId":75742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toppani","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Tomioka, N.","contributorId":76118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomioka","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Tomeoka, K.","contributorId":108306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomeoka","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Teslich, N.","contributorId":22558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teslich","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Taheri, M.","contributorId":28795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taheri","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Susini, J.","contributorId":96469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susini","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Stroud, R.","contributorId":48378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stroud","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Stephan, T.","contributorId":18163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephan","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Stadermann, 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