Alterations in land use/land cover (LULC) in areas near meteorological observation stations can influence the measurement of climatological variables such as temperature. Urbanization near climate stations has been the focus of considerable research attention, however conversions between non-urban LULC classes may also have an impact. In this study, trends of minimum, maximum, and average temperature at 366 U.S. Climate Normals stations are analyzed based on changes in LULC defined by the U.S. Land Cover Trends Project. Results indicate relatively few significant temperature trends before periods of greatest LULC change, and these are generally evenly divided between warming and cooling trends. In contrast, after the period of greatest LULC change was observed, 95% of the stations that exhibited significant trends (minimum, maximum, or mean temperature) displayed warming trends. Copyriht 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006GL026358","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Hale, R., Gallo, K.P., Owen, T., and Loveland, T., 2006, Land use/land cover change effects on temperature trends at U.S. Climate Normals stations: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026358.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477466,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl026358","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210118,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026358"}],"volume":"33","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a43a4e4b0c8380cd664cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hale, R. C.","contributorId":11309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hale","given":"R. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallo, K. P.","contributorId":86527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallo","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owen, T.W.","contributorId":58424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":416478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028093,"text":"70028093 - 2006 - On the formation of the tunnel valleys of the southern Laurentide ice sheet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028093","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the formation of the tunnel valleys of the southern Laurentide ice sheet","docAbstract":"Catastrophic releases of meltwater, produced by basal melting and stored for decades in subglacial reservoirs at high pressure, may have been responsible for eroding the broad, deep tunnel valleys that are common along the margins of some lobes of the southern Laurentide ice sheet. We surmise that these releases began when the high water pressure was transmitted to the margin through the substrate. The water pressure in the substrate at the margin would then have been significantly above the overburden pressure, leading to sapping failure. Headward erosion of a conduit in the substrate (piping) could then tap the stored water, resulting in the outburst. In some situations, development of a siphon may have lowered the reservoir below its overflow level, thus tapping additional water. Following the flood, the seal could have reformed and the reservoir refilled, setting up conditions for another outburst. Order of magnitude calculations suggest that once emptied, a subglacial reservoir could refill in a matter of decades. The amount of water released during several outbursts appears to be sufficient to erode a tunnel valley. We think that tunnel valleys are most likely to have formed in this way where and when the glacier margin was frozen to the bed and permafrost extended from the glacier forefield several kilometers back under the glacier, as reservoirs would then have been larger and more common, and the seal more robust and more likely to reform after an outburst. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.01.018","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Hooke, R.L., and Jennings, C., 2006, On the formation of the tunnel valleys of the southern Laurentide ice sheet: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 25, no. 11-12, p. 1364-1372, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.01.018.","startPage":"1364","endPage":"1372","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210227,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.01.018"},{"id":237086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6dcfe4b0c8380cd7533f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooke, R. LeB","contributorId":108308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooke","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"LeB","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, C.E.","contributorId":45890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028066,"text":"70028066 - 2006 - Niche evolution and adaptive radiation: Testing the order of trait divergence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028066","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Niche evolution and adaptive radiation: Testing the order of trait divergence","docAbstract":"In the course of an adaptive radiation, the evolution of niche parameters is of particular interest for understanding modes of speciation and the consequences for coexistence of related species within communities. We pose a general question: In the course of an evolutionary radiation, do traits related to within-community niche differences (?? niche) evolve before or after differentiation of macrohabitat affinity or climatic tolerances (?? niche)? Here we introduce a new test to address this question, based on a modification of the method of independent contrasts. The divergence order test (DOT) is based on the average age of the nodes on a tree, weighted by the absolute magnitude of the contrast at each node for a particular trait. The comparison of these weighted averages reveals whether large divergences for one trait have occurred earlier or later in the course of diversification, relative to a second trait; significance is determined by bootstrapping from maximum-likelihood ancestral state reconstructions. The method is applied to the evolution of Ceanothus, a woody plant group in California, in which co-occurring species exhibit significant differences in a key leaf trait (specific leaf area) associated with contrasting physiological and life history strategies. Co-occurring species differ more for this trait than expected under a null model of community assembly. This ?? niche difference evolved early in the divergence of two major subclades within Ceanothus, whereas climatic distributions (?? niche traits) diversified later within each of the subclades. However, rapid evolution of climate parameters makes inferences of early divergence events highly uncertain, and differentiation of the ?? niche might have taken place throughout the evolution of the group, without leaving a clear phylogenetic signal. Similar patterns observed in several plant and animal groups suggest that early divergence of ?? niche traits might be a common feature of niche evolution in many adaptive radiations. ?? 2006 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Ackerly, D., Schwilk, D., and Webb, C., 2006, Niche evolution and adaptive radiation: Testing the order of trait divergence: Ecology, v. 87, no. 7 SUPPL.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"7 SUPPL.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6637e4b0c8380cd72d55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerly, D. D.","contributorId":94077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ackerly","given":"D. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwilk, D.W.","contributorId":29770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwilk","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webb, C.O.","contributorId":57255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"C.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028156,"text":"70028156 - 2006 - Monitoring low density avian populations: An example using Mountain Plovers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028156","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring low density avian populations: An example using Mountain Plovers","docAbstract":"Declines in avian populations highlight a need for rigorous, broad-scale monitoring programs to document trends in avian populations that occur in low densities across expansive landscapes. Accounting for the spatial variation and variation in detection probability inherent to monitoring programs is thought to be effort-intensive and time-consuming. We determined the feasibility of the analytical method developed by Royle and Nichols (2003), which uses presence-absence (detection-non-detection) field data, to estimate abundance of Mountain Plovers (Charadrius montanus) per sampling unit in agricultural fields, grassland, and prairie dog habitat in eastern Colorado. Field methods were easy to implement and results suggest that the analytical method provides valuable insight into population patterning among habitats. Mountain Plover abundance was highest in prairie dog habitat, slightly lower in agricultural fields, and substantially lower in grassland. These results provided valuable insight to focus future research into Mountain Plover ecology and conservation. ?? The Cooper Ornithological Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Dreitz, V., Lukacs, P., and Knopf, F., 2006, Monitoring low density avian populations: An example using Mountain Plovers: Condor, v. 108, no. 3, p. 700-706.","startPage":"700","endPage":"706","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5dbce4b0c8380cd70576","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dreitz, V.J.","contributorId":65432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreitz","given":"V.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lukacs, P.M.","contributorId":84708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lukacs","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knopf, F.L.","contributorId":26998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028086,"text":"70028086 - 2006 - Modeling of gene expression pattern alteration by p,p′-DDE and dieldrin in largemouth bass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-20T09:02:41","indexId":"70028086","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2664,"text":"Marine Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling of gene expression pattern alteration by p,p′-DDE and dieldrin in largemouth bass","docAbstract":"In this study, largemouth bass (LMB) were subchronically exposed to p,p′-DDE or dieldrin in their diet to evaluate the effect of exposure on expression of genes involved in reproduction and steroid homeostasis. Using real-time PCR, we detected a different gene expression pattern for each OCP, suggesting that they each affect LMB in a different way. We also detected a different expression pattern among sexes, suggesting that sexes are affected differently by OCPs perhaps reflecting the different adaptive responses of each sex to dysregulation caused by OCP exposure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.04.049","issn":"01411136","usgsCitation":"Garcia-Reyero, N., Barber, D., Gross, T., and Denslow, N., 2006, Modeling of gene expression pattern alteration by p,p′-DDE and dieldrin in largemouth bass: Marine Environmental Research, v. 62, no. SUPPL. 1, p. 415-419, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.04.049.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"419","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477467,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1810567","text":"External Repository"},{"id":236945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210119,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.04.049"}],"volume":"62","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c14e4b0c8380cd6f9fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia-Reyero, Natalia","contributorId":43961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia-Reyero","given":"Natalia","affiliations":[{"id":26924,"text":"USArmy Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":416482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, David","contributorId":19747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gross, Timothy","contributorId":40390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denslow, Nancy","contributorId":26268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denslow","given":"Nancy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028157,"text":"70028157 - 2006 - An effective medium inversion algorithm for gas hydrate quantification and its application to laboratory and borehole measurements of gas hydrate-bearing sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T09:13:03","indexId":"70028157","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An effective medium inversion algorithm for gas hydrate quantification and its application to laboratory and borehole measurements of gas hydrate-bearing sediments","docAbstract":"The presence of gas hydrate in marine sediments alters their physical properties. In some circumstances, gas hydrate may cement sediment grains together and dramatically increase the seismic P- and S-wave velocities of the composite medium. Hydrate may also form a load-bearing structure within the sediment microstructure, but with different seismic wave attenuation characteristics, changing the attenuation behaviour of the composite. Here we introduce an inversion algorithm based on effective medium modelling to infer hydrate saturations from velocity and attenuation measurements on hydrate-bearing sediments. The velocity increase is modelled as extra binding developed by gas hydrate that strengthens the sediment microstructure. The attenuation increase is modelled through a difference in fluid flow properties caused by different permeabilities in the sediment and hydrate microstructures. We relate velocity and attenuation increases in hydrate-bearing sediments to their hydrate content, using an effective medium inversion algorithm based on the self-consistent approximation (SCA), differential effective medium (DEM) theory, and Biot and squirt flow mechanisms of fluid flow. The inversion algorithm is able to convert observations in compressional and shear wave velocities and attenuations to hydrate saturation in the sediment pore space. We applied our algorithm to a data set from the Mallik 2L–38 well, Mackenzie delta, Canada, and to data from laboratory measurements on gas-rich and water-saturated sand samples. Predictions using our algorithm match the borehole data and water-saturated laboratory data if the proportion of hydrate contributing to the load-bearing structure increases with hydrate saturation. The predictions match the gas-rich laboratory data if that proportion decreases with hydrate saturation. We attribute this difference to differences in hydrate formation mechanisms between the two environments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03038.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Chand, S., Minshull, T., Priest, J., Best, A., Clayton, C., and Waite, W., 2006, An effective medium inversion algorithm for gas hydrate quantification and its application to laboratory and borehole measurements of gas hydrate-bearing sediments: Geophysical Journal International, v. 166, no. 2, p. 543-552, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03038.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"543","endPage":"552","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488257,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/1771","text":"External Repository"},{"id":237091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210231,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03038.x"}],"volume":"166","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea2ee4b0c8380cd486ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chand, S.","contributorId":27384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chand","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Minshull, T.A.","contributorId":75815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minshull","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Priest, J.A.","contributorId":75869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priest","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Best, A.I.","contributorId":75082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Best","given":"A.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clayton, C.R.I.","contributorId":7213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"C.R.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Waite, W.F.","contributorId":40329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028139,"text":"70028139 - 2006 - Preferential flow estimates to an agricultural tile drain with implications for glyphosate transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028139","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preferential flow estimates to an agricultural tile drain with implications for glyphosate transport","docAbstract":"Agricultural subsurface drains, commonly referred to as tile drains, are potentially significant pathways for the movement of fertilizers and pesticides to streams and ditches in much of the Midwest. Preferential flow in the unsaturated zone provides a route for water and solutes to bypass the soil matrix and reach tile drains faster than predicted by traditional displacement theory. This paper uses chloride concentrations to estimate preferential flow contributions to a tile drain during two storms in May 2004. Chloride, a conservative anion, was selected as the tracer because of differences in chloride concentrations between the two sources of water to the tile drain, preferential and matrix flow. A strong correlation between specific conductance and chloride concentration provided a mechanism to estimate chloride concentrations in the tile drain throughout the storm hydrographs. A simple mixing analysis was used to identify the preferential flow component of the storm hydrograph. During two storms, preferential flow contributed 11 and 51% of total storm tile drain flow; the peak contributions, 40 and 81%, coincided with the peak tile drain flow. Positive relations between glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] concentrations and preferential flow for the two storms suggest that preferential flow is an important transport pathway to the tile drain. ?? ASA, CSSA, SSSA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2006.0068","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Stone, W., and Wilson, J., 2006, Preferential flow estimates to an agricultural tile drain with implications for glyphosate transport: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 35, no. 5, p. 1825-1835, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0068.","startPage":"1825","endPage":"1835","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210421,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0068"},{"id":237331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a821ee4b0c8380cd7b8ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, W.W.","contributorId":74745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, J.T.","contributorId":97489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028132,"text":"70028132 - 2006 - Remote sensing for grassland management in the arid Southwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028132","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing for grassland management in the arid Southwest","docAbstract":"We surveyed a group of rangeland managers in the Southwest about vegetation monitoring needs on grassland. Based on their responses, the objective of the RANGES (Rangeland Analysis Utilizing Geospatial Information Science) project was defined to be the accurate conversion of remotely sensed data (satellite imagery) to quantitative estimates of total (green and senescent) standing cover and biomass on grasslands and semidesert grasslands. Although remote sensing has been used to estimate green vegetation cover, in arid grasslands herbaceous vegetation is senescent much of the year and is not detected by current remote sensing techniques. We developed a ground truth protocol compatible with both range management requirements and Landsat's 30 m resolution imagery. The resulting ground-truth data were then used to develop image processing algorithms that quantified total herbaceous vegetation cover, height, and biomass. Cover was calculated based on a newly developed Soil Adjusted Total Vegetation Index (SATVI), and height and biomass were estimated based on reflectance in the near infrared (NIR) band. Comparison of the remotely sensed estimates with independent ground measurements produced r2 values of 0.80, 0.85, and 0.77 and Nash Sutcliffe values of 0.78, 0.70, and 0.77 for the cover, plant height, and biomass, respectively. The approach for estimating plant height and biomass did not work for sites where forbs comprised more than 30% of total vegetative cover. The ground reconnaissance protocol and image processing techniques together offer land managers accurate and timely methods for monitoring extensive grasslands. The time-consuming requirement to collect concurrent data in the field for each image implies a need to share the high fixed costs of processing an image across multiple users to reduce the costs for individual rangeland managers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2111/05-201R.1","issn":"15507424","usgsCitation":"Marsett, R., Qi, J., Heilman, P., Biedenbender, S., Watson, M., Amer, S., Weltz, M., Goodrich, D., and Marsett, R., 2006, Remote sensing for grassland management in the arid Southwest: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 59, no. 5, p. 530-540, https://doi.org/10.2111/05-201R.1.","startPage":"530","endPage":"540","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487561,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/643104","text":"External Repository"},{"id":210309,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2111/05-201R.1"},{"id":237193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa6fbe4b0c8380cd8515e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marsett, R.C.","contributorId":66905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsett","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Qi, J.","contributorId":48718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heilman, P.","contributorId":44731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilman","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biedenbender, S.H.","contributorId":95670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biedenbender","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Watson, M.C.","contributorId":18959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Amer, S.","contributorId":27663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amer","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Weltz, M.","contributorId":105903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltz","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Goodrich, D.","contributorId":101864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodrich","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Marsett, R.","contributorId":69322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsett","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70028346,"text":"70028346 - 2006 - Usoi dam wave overtopping and flood routing in the Bartang and Panj Rivers, Tajikistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028346","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Usoi dam wave overtopping and flood routing in the Bartang and Panj Rivers, Tajikistan","docAbstract":"The Usoi dam was created in the winter of 1911 after an enormous seismogenic rock slide completely blocked the valley of the Bartang River in the Pamir Mountains of southeastern Tajikistan. At present the dam impounds 17 million cubic meters of water in Lake Sarez. Flood volume and discharge estimates were made for several landslide generated floods that could overtop the dam. For landslide volumes of 200, 500, and 1,000 million cubic meters, estimated overtopping flood volumes were 2, 22, and 87 million cubic meters of water, respectively. Estimated peak discharge at the dam for these three flood scenarios were 57,000, 490,000, and 1,580,000 m3/s, based on triangular hydrographs of 70-, 90-, and 110-s durations, respectively. Flood-routing simulations were made for the three landslide-induced overtopping floods over a 530-km reach of the Bartang and Panj Rivers below the Usoi dam. A one-dimensional flow model using a Riemann numerical solution technique was selected for the analysis. For the 87 million cubic meter volume overtopping flood scenario, the peak flows were approximately 1, 100, 800, and 550 m3/s at locations 50, 100, and 150 km downstream of the dam respectively. ?? Springer 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11069-005-1923-9","issn":"0921030X","usgsCitation":"Risley, J.C., Walder, J.S., and Denlinger, R., 2006, Usoi dam wave overtopping and flood routing in the Bartang and Panj Rivers, Tajikistan: Natural Hazards, v. 38, no. 3, p. 375-390, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-005-1923-9.","startPage":"375","endPage":"390","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210052,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-005-1923-9"},{"id":236854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0c3e4b08c986b32a2e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risley, J. C.","contributorId":88780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walder, J. S.","contributorId":32561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denlinger, R.P.","contributorId":49367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denlinger","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028125,"text":"70028125 - 2006 - Near real-time monitoring and mapping of specific conductivity levels across Lake Texoma, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028125","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Near real-time monitoring and mapping of specific conductivity levels across Lake Texoma, USA","docAbstract":"A submersible sonde equipped with a specific conductivity probe, linked with a global positioning satellite receiver was developed, deployed on a small boat, and used to map spatial and temporal variations in specific conductivity in a large reservoir. 7,695 sample points were recorded during 8 sampling trips. Specific conductivity ranged from 442 uS/cm to 3,378 uS/cm over the nine-month study. The data showed five statistically different zones in the reservoir: 2 different riverine zones, 2 different riverine transition zones, and a lacustrine zone (the main lake zone). These data were imported to a geographic information system where they were spatially interpolated to generate 8 maps showing specific conductivity levels across the entire surface of the lake. The highly dynamic nature of water quality, due to the widely differing nature of the rivers that flow into the reservoir and the effect of large inflows of fresh water during winter storms is easily captured and visualized using this approach. ?? Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-005-9072-x","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Atkinson, S., and Mabe, J., 2006, Near real-time monitoring and mapping of specific conductivity levels across Lake Texoma, USA: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 120, no. 1-3, p. 449-460, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-9072-x.","startPage":"449","endPage":"460","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210229,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-9072-x"},{"id":237089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a63d3e4b0c8380cd72704","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atkinson, S.F.","contributorId":105902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mabe, J.A.","contributorId":47566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mabe","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028913,"text":"70028913 - 2006 - Estimating snow leopard population abundance using photography and capture-recapture techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028913","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating snow leopard population abundance using photography and capture-recapture techniques","docAbstract":"Conservation and management of snow leopards (Uncia uncia) has largely relied on anecdotal evidence and presence-absence data due to their cryptic nature and the difficult terrain they inhabit. These methods generally lack the scientific rigor necessary to accurately estimate population size and monitor trends. We evaluated the use of photography in capture-mark-recapture (CMR) techniques for estimating snow leopard population abundance and density within Hemis National Park, Ladakh, India. We placed infrared camera traps along actively used travel paths, scent-sprayed rocks, and scrape sites within 16- to 30-km2 sampling grids in successive winters during January and March 2003-2004. We used head-on, oblique, and side-view camera configurations to obtain snow leopard photographs at varying body orientations. We calculated snow leopard abundance estimates using the program CAPTURE. We obtained a total of 66 and 49 snow leopard captures resulting in 8.91 and 5.63 individuals per 100 trap-nights during 2003 and 2004, respectively. We identified snow leopards based on the distinct pelage patterns located primarily on the forelimbs, flanks, and dorsal surface of the tail. Capture probabilities ranged from 0.33 to 0.67. Density estimates ranged from 8.49 (SE = 0.22; individuals per 100 km2 in 2003 to 4.45 (SE = 0.16) in 2004. We believe the density disparity between years is attributable to different trap density and placement rather than to an actual decline in population size. Our results suggest that photographic capture-mark-recapture sampling may be a useful tool for monitoring demographic patterns. However, we believe a larger sample size would be necessary for generating a statistically robust estimate of population density and abundance based on CMR models.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[772:ESLPAU]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Jackson, R., Roe, J., Wangchuk, R., and Hunter, D., 2006, Estimating snow leopard population abundance using photography and capture-recapture techniques: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 34, no. 3, p. 772-781, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[772:ESLPAU]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"772","endPage":"781","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209675,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[772:ESLPAU]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b46e4b0c8380cd5265b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, R.M.","contributorId":71370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roe, J.D.","contributorId":56016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roe","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wangchuk, R.","contributorId":20958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wangchuk","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunter, D.O.","contributorId":104264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"D.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028204,"text":"70028204 - 2006 - Modeling spatial and temporal variations in temperature and salinity during stratification and overturn in Dexter Pit Lake, Tuscarora, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-01T09:43:22","indexId":"70028204","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling spatial and temporal variations in temperature and salinity during stratification and overturn in Dexter Pit Lake, Tuscarora, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"This paper examines the seasonal cycling of temperature and salinity in Dexter pit lake in arid northern Nevada, and describes an approach for modeling the physical processes that operate in such systems. The pit lake contains about 596,200 m3 of dilute, near neutral (pHs 6.7–9) water. Profiles of temperature, conductivity, and selected element concentrations were measured almost monthly during 1999 and 2000. In winter (January–March), the pit lake was covered with ice and bottom water was warmer (5.3 °C) with higher total dissolved solids (0.298 g/L) than overlying water (3.96 °C and 0.241 g/L), suggesting inflow of warm (11.7 °C) groundwater with a higher conductivity than the lake (657 versus 126–383 μS/cm). Seasonal surface inflow due to spring snowmelt resulted in lower conductivity in the surface water (232–247 μS/cm) relative to deeper water (315–318 μS/cm). The pit lake was thermally stratified from late spring through early fall, and the water column turned over in late November (2000) or early December (1999). The pit lake is a mixture of inflowing surface water and groundwater that has subsequently been evapoconcentrated in the arid environment. Linear relationships between conductivity and major and some minor (B, Li, Sr, and U) ions indicate conservative mixing for these elements.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.03.013","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Balistrieri, L.S., Tempel, R., Stillings, L., and Shevenell, L., 2006, Modeling spatial and temporal variations in temperature and salinity during stratification and overturn in Dexter Pit Lake, Tuscarora, Nevada, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 21, no. 7, p. 1184-1203, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.03.013.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1184","endPage":"1203","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210397,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.03.013"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Tuscarora","otherGeospatial":"Dexter Pit Lake","volume":"21","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c2fe4b0c8380cd6fac2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tempel, R.N.","contributorId":47153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tempel","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stillings, L.L.","contributorId":52229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stillings","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shevenell, L.A.","contributorId":13777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shevenell","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028877,"text":"70028877 - 2006 - Grenvillian magmatism in the northern Virginia Blue Ridge: Petrologic implications of episodic granitic magma production and the significance of postorogenic A-type charnockite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028877","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grenvillian magmatism in the northern Virginia Blue Ridge: Petrologic implications of episodic granitic magma production and the significance of postorogenic A-type charnockite","docAbstract":"Grenvillian (1.2 to 1.0 Ga) plutonic rocks in northern Virginia preserve evidence of episodic, mostly granitic magmatism that spanned more than 150 million years (m.y.) of crustal reworking. Crystallization ages determined by sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb isotopic analyses of zircon and monazite, combined with results from previous studies, define three periods of magmatic activity at 1183-1144 Ma (Magmatic Interval I), 1120-1111 Ma (Magmatic Interval II), and 1078-1028 Ma (Magmatic Interval III). Magmatic activity produced dominantly tholeiitic plutons composed of (1) low-silica charnockite, (2) leucogranite, (3) non-leucocratic granitoid (with or without orthopyroxene (opx)), and (4) intermediate biotite-rich granitoid. Field, petrologic, geochemical, and geochronologic data indicate that charnockite and non-charnockitic granitoids were closely associated in both space and time, indicating that presence of opx is related to magmatic conditions, not metamorphic grade. Geochemical and Nd isotopic data, combined with results from experimental studies, indicate that leucogranites (Magmatic Intervals I and III) and non-leucocratic granitoids (Magmatic Intervals I and II) were derived from parental magmas produced by either a high degree of partial melting of isotopically evolved tonalitic sources or less advanced partial melting of dominantly tonalitic sources that also included a more mafic component. Post-orogenic, circa 1050 Ma low-silica charnockite is characterized by A-type compositional affinity including high FeOt/(FeOt + MgO), Ga/Al, Zr, Nb, Y, and Zn, and was derived from parental magmas produced by partial melting of potassic mafic sources in the lower crust. Linear geochemical trends defined by leucogranites, low-silica charnockite, and biotite-rich monzogranite emplaced during Magmatic Interval III reflect differences in source-related characteristics; these features do not represent an igneous fractionation sequence. A compositional gap between circa 1160 Ma magnesian low-silica charnockite and penecontemporaneous higher silica lithologies likewise precludes a fractionation relationship among plutons intruded during Magmatic Interval I. Correspondence in timing of magmatic activity between the Blue Ridge and neighboring Mesoproterozoic terranes underscores the widespread nature of Grenvillian processes in the region.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Precambrian Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.precamres.2006.08.010","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Tollo, R., Aleinikoff, J.N., Borduas, E., Dickin, A., McNutt, R., and Fanning, C., 2006, Grenvillian magmatism in the northern Virginia Blue Ridge: Petrologic implications of episodic granitic magma production and the significance of postorogenic A-type charnockite: Precambrian Research, v. 151, no. 3-4, p. 224-264, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2006.08.010.","startPage":"224","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477532,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1885/25389","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209614,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2006.08.010"},{"id":236269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"151","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a6ee4b0c8380cd5b192","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tollo, R.P.","contributorId":55467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tollo","given":"R.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, J. N. 0000-0003-3494-6841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":75132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Borduas, E.A.","contributorId":69765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borduas","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dickin, A.P.","contributorId":28008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickin","given":"A.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McNutt, R.H.","contributorId":53097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNutt","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fanning, C.M.","contributorId":82434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fanning","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028115,"text":"70028115 - 2006 - Sm-Nd isotopic systematics of lherzolitic shergottite Yamato-793605","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028115","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":813,"text":"Antarctic Meteorite Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sm-Nd isotopic systematics of lherzolitic shergottite Yamato-793605","docAbstract":"We have undertaken Sm-Nd isotopic studies on Yamato-793605 lherzolitic shergottite. The Sm-Nd internal isochron obtained for acid leachates and residues of whole-rock and separated mineral fractions yields an age of 185 ??16 Ma with an initial ??Nd value of +9.7??0.2. The obtained Sm-Nd age is, within analytical errors, identical to the Rb-Sr age of this meteorite as well as to the previous Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd ages of Allan Hills-77005 and Lewis Cliff 88516, although the ??Nd values are not identical to each other. Elemental abundances of lithophile trace elements remain nearly unaffected by aqueous alteration on the Martian surface. The isotopic systems of lherzolitic shergottites, thus, are considered to be indigenous, although disturbances by shock metamorphism are clearly observed. \"Young ages of ??? 180 Ma\" have been consistently obtained from this and previous Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd and U-Pb isotopic studies and appear to represent crystallization events. ?? 2006 National Institute of Polar Research.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Antarctic Meteorite Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"13434284","usgsCitation":"Misawa, K., Yamada, K., Nakamura, N., Morikawa, N., Yamashita, K., and Premo, W.R., 2006, Sm-Nd isotopic systematics of lherzolitic shergottite Yamato-793605: Antarctic Meteorite Research, no. 19, p. 45-57.","startPage":"45","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b917be4b08c986b31991f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Misawa, Keiji","contributorId":105459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misawa","given":"Keiji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yamada, K.","contributorId":89330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamada","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nakamura, N.","contributorId":94034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakamura","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morikawa, N.","contributorId":68527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morikawa","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yamashita, K.","contributorId":96075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamashita","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Premo, W. R. 0000-0001-9904-4801","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":22782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028967,"text":"70028967 - 2006 - Prediction of broadband ground-motion time histories: Hybrid low/high-frequency method with correlated random source parameters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-27T14:01:18","indexId":"70028967","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction of broadband ground-motion time histories: Hybrid low/high-frequency method with correlated random source parameters","docAbstract":"We present a new method for calculating broadband time histories of ground motion based on a hybrid low-frequency/high-frequency approach with correlated source parameters. Using a finite-difference method we calculate low- frequency synthetics (< ∼1 Hz) in a 3D velocity structure. We also compute broadband synthetics in a 1D velocity model using a frequency-wavenumber method. The low frequencies from the 3D calculation are combined with the high frequencies from the 1D calculation by using matched filtering at a crossover frequency of 1 Hz. The source description, common to both the 1D and 3D synthetics, is based on correlated random distributions for the slip amplitude, rupture velocity, and rise time on the fault. This source description allows for the specification of source parameters independent of any a priori inversion results. In our broadband modeling we include correlation between slip amplitude, rupture velocity, and rise time, as suggested by dynamic fault modeling. The method of using correlated random source parameters is flexible and can be easily modified to adjust to our changing understanding of earthquake ruptures. A realistic attenuation model is common to both the 3D and 1D calculations that form the low- and high-frequency components of the broadband synthetics. The value of Q is a function of the local shear-wave velocity. To produce more accurate high-frequency amplitudes and durations, the 1D synthetics are corrected with a randomized, frequency-dependent radiation pattern. The 1D synthetics are further corrected for local site and nonlinear soil effects by using a 1D nonlinear propagation code and generic velocity structure appropriate for the site’s National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) site classification. The entire procedure is validated by comparison with the 1994 Northridge, California, strong ground motion data set. The bias and error found here for response spectral acceleration are similar to the best results that have been published by others for the Northridge rupture.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismomological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford","doi":"10.1785/0120060036","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Liu, P., Archuleta, R., and Hartzell, S., 2006, Prediction of broadband ground-motion time histories: Hybrid low/high-frequency method with correlated random source parameters: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 6, p. 2118-2130, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120060036.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2118","endPage":"2130","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209806,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120060036"}],"volume":"96","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81eae4b0c8380cd7b7cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, P.","contributorId":98443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archuleta, R.J.","contributorId":79245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archuleta","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hartzell, S.H.","contributorId":27426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028118,"text":"70028118 - 2006 - Analysis of a mesoscale infiltration and water seepage test in unsaturated fractured rock: Spatial variabilities and discrete fracture patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028118","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of a mesoscale infiltration and water seepage test in unsaturated fractured rock: Spatial variabilities and discrete fracture patterns","docAbstract":"A mesoscale (21??m in flow distance) infiltration and seepage test was recently conducted in a deep, unsaturated fractured rock system at the crossover point of two underground tunnels. Water was released from a 3??m ?? 4??m infiltration plot on the floor of an alcove in the upper tunnel, and seepage was collected from the ceiling of a niche in the lower tunnel. Significant temporal and (particularly) spatial variabilities were observed in both measured infiltration and seepage rates. To analyze the test results, a three-dimensional unsaturated flow model was used. A column-based scheme was developed to capture heterogeneous hydraulic properties reflected by these spatial variabilities observed. Fracture permeability and van Genuchten ?? parameter [van Genuchten, M.T., 1980. A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44, 892-898] were calibrated for each rock column in the upper and lower hydrogeologic units in the test bed. The calibrated fracture properties for the infiltration and seepage zone enabled a good match between simulated and measured (spatially varying) seepage rates. The numerical model was also able to capture the general trend of the highly transient seepage processes through a discrete fracture network. The calibrated properties and measured infiltration/seepage rates were further compared with mapped discrete fracture patterns at the top and bottom boundaries. The measured infiltration rates and calibrated fracture permeability of the upper unit were found to be partially controlled by the fracture patterns on the infiltration plot (as indicated by their positive correlations with fracture density). However, no correlation could be established between measured seepage rates and density of fractures mapped on the niche ceiling. This lack of correlation indicates the complexity of (preferential) unsaturated flow within the discrete fracture network. This also indicates that continuum-based modeling of unsaturated flow in fractured rock at mesoscale or a larger scale is not necessarily conditional explicitly on discrete fracture patterns. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.05.001","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Zhou, Q., Salve, R., Liu, H., Wang, J., and Hudson, D., 2006, Analysis of a mesoscale infiltration and water seepage test in unsaturated fractured rock: Spatial variabilities and discrete fracture patterns: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 87, no. 1-2, p. 96-122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.05.001.","startPage":"96","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210121,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.05.001"},{"id":236947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb02e4b0c8380cd48b5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhou, Q. 0000-0002-1282-8177","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1282-8177","contributorId":93164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salve, R.","contributorId":37516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salve","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, H.-H.","contributorId":14618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"H.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, J.S.Y.","contributorId":20529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"J.S.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hudson, D.","contributorId":101064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028671,"text":"70028671 - 2006 - Earthquake ground-motion prediction equations for eastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70028671","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake ground-motion prediction equations for eastern North America","docAbstract":"New earthquake ground-motion relations for hard-rock and soil sites in eastern North America (ENA), including estimates of their aleatory uncertainty (variability) have been developed based on a stochastic finite-fault model. The model incorporates new information obtained from ENA seismographic data gathered over the past 10 years, including three-component broadband data that provide new information on ENA source and path effects. Our new prediction equations are similar to the previous ground-motion prediction equations of Atkinson and Boore (1995), which were based on a stochastic point-source model. The main difference is that high-frequency amplitudes (f ??? 5 Hz) are less than previously predicted (by about a factor of 1.6 within 100 km), because of a slightly lower average stress parameter (140 bars versus 180 bars) and a steeper near-source attenuation. At frequencies less than 5 Hz, the predicted ground motions from the new equations are generally within 25% of those predicted by Atkinson and Boore (1995). The prediction equations agree well with available ENA ground-motion data as evidenced by near-zero average residuals (within a factor of 1.2) for all frequencies, and the lack of any significant residual trends with distance. However, there is a tendency to positive residuals for moderate events at high frequencies in the distance range from 30 to 100 km (by as much as a factor of 2). This indicates epistemic uncertainty in the prediction model. The positive residuals for moderate events at < 100 km could be eliminated by an increased stress parameter, at the cost of producing negative residuals in other magnitude-distance ranges; adjustment factors to the equations are provided that may be used to model this effect.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050245","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Atkinson, G.M., and Boore, D., 2006, Earthquake ground-motion prediction equations for eastern North America: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 6, p. 2181-2205, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050245.","startPage":"2181","endPage":"2205","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209793,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050245"},{"id":236508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a04eee4b0c8380cd50b99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atkinson, G. M.","contributorId":69283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028137,"text":"70028137 - 2006 - The giant Carlin gold province: A protracted interplay of orogenic, basinal, and hydrothermal processes above a lithospheric boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028137","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The giant Carlin gold province: A protracted interplay of orogenic, basinal, and hydrothermal processes above a lithospheric boundary","docAbstract":"Northern Nevada hosts the only province that contains multiple world-class Carlin-type gold deposits. The first-order control on the uniqueness of this province is its anomalous far back-arc tectonic setting over the rifted North American paleocontinental margin that separates Precambrian from Phanerozoic subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Globally, most other significant gold provinces form in volcanic arcs and accreted terranes proximal to convergent margins. In northern Nevada, periodic reactivation of basement faults along this margin focused and amplified subsequent geological events. Early basement faults localized Devonian synsedimentary extension and normal faulting. These controlled the geometry of the Devonian sedimentary basin architecture and focused the discharge of basinal brines that deposited syngenetic gold along the basin margins. Inversion of these basins and faults during subsequent contraction produced the complex elongate structural culminations that characterize the anomalous mineral deposit \"trends.\" Subsequently, these features localized repeated episodes of shallow magmatic and hydrothermal activity that also deposited some gold. During a pulse of Eocene extension, these faults focused advection of Carlin-type fluids, which had the opportunity to leach gold from gold-enriched sequences and deposit it in reactive miogeoclinal host rocks below the hydrologic seal at the Roberts Mountain thrust contact. Hence, the vast endowment of the Carlin province resulted from the conjunction of spatially superposed events localized by long-lived basement structures in a highly anomalous tectonic setting, rather than by the sole operation of special magmatic or fluid-related processes. An important indicator of the longevity of this basement control is the superposition of different gold deposit types (e.g., Sedex, porphyry, Carlin-type, epithermal, and hot spring deposits) that formed repeatedly between the Devonian and Miocene time along the trends. Interestingly, the large Cretaceous Alaska-Yukon intrusion-related gold deposits (e.g., Fort Knox) are associated with the northern extension of the same lithospheric margin in the Selwyn basin, which experienced an analogous series of geologic events. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralium Deposita","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00126-006-0085-3","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Emsbo, P., Groves, D., Hofstra, A., and Bierlein, F., 2006, The giant Carlin gold province: A protracted interplay of orogenic, basinal, and hydrothermal processes above a lithospheric boundary: Mineralium Deposita, v. 41, no. 6, p. 517-525, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-006-0085-3.","startPage":"517","endPage":"525","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210393,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-006-0085-3"},{"id":237298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac84e4b08c986b32354f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emsbo, P.","contributorId":59901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emsbo","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Groves, D.I.","contributorId":73616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groves","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hofstra, A. H. 0000-0002-2450-1593","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":41426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bierlein, F.P.","contributorId":74945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bierlein","given":"F.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028073,"text":"70028073 - 2006 - Clonal variation in response to salinity and flooding stress in four marsh macrophytes of the northern gulf of Mexico, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70028073","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1575,"text":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Clonal variation in response to salinity and flooding stress in four marsh macrophytes of the northern gulf of Mexico, USA","docAbstract":"Intraspecific variation in stress tolerance can be an important factor influencing plant population structure in coastal wetland habitats. We studied clones of four species of emergent marsh macrophytes native to the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico in Louisiana, USA, to examine variation in response to salinity and flooding stress under controlled greenhouse conditions. Clones of Distichlis spicata, Phragmites australis, Schoenoplectus californicus, and Schoenoplectus robustus were collected across the coastal zone of Louisiana. After vegetative propagation through at least three generations to remove acclimation to field conditions, four to six clones of each species were selected for use in the experiment. Treatments consisted of three salinity levels and two water depths, and species were assigned to either a brackish marsh (P. australis, S. californicus) or salt marsh (D. spicata, S. robustus) group for treatment application. Treatment effects on plant growth (stem number, total height, and mean height, and aboveground and belowground biomass) were examined, and physicochemical characteristics within treatments (redox potential, and interstitial water pH, salinity, temperature, and nutrients) were monitored. Clonal variation in growth was indicated in all species, and was more pronounced in D. spicata and P. australis than in S. californicus and S. robustus. Distichlis spicata and P. australis clones were assigned to relative categories of low, intermediate, and high tolerance to the imposed stressors. Similar generalizations on clonal stress tolerance were not possible for the two Schoenoplectus species. Overall species response to imposed stressors was also identified through non-statistical comparisons. Phragmites australis was more tolerant than S. californicus of increased salinity. Distichlis spicata was more tolerant of increased salinity but less tolerant of increased water depth than was S. robustus. Our results suggest that information on species and clone variations in growth and tolerance to salinity and flooding stressors can be used to select a variety of plant materials suitable for wetland restoration projects.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.03.003","issn":"00988472","usgsCitation":"Howard, R., and Rafferty, P., 2006, Clonal variation in response to salinity and flooding stress in four marsh macrophytes of the northern gulf of Mexico, USA: Environmental and Experimental Botany, v. 56, no. 3, p. 301-313, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.03.003.","startPage":"301","endPage":"313","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210417,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.03.003"},{"id":237327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f672e4b0c8380cd4c77c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, R.J. 0000-0001-7264-4364","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-4364","contributorId":86452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":416415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rafferty, P.S.","contributorId":86959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rafferty","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028174,"text":"70028174 - 2006 - Warming and earlier spring increase Western U.S. forest wildfire activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T12:59:04","indexId":"70028174","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Warming and earlier spring increase Western U.S. forest wildfire activity","docAbstract":"Western United States forest wildfire activity is widely thought to have increased in recent decades, yet neither the extent of recent changes nor the degree to which climate may be driving regional changes in wildfire has been systematically documented. Much of the public and scientific discussion of changes in western United States wildfire has focused instead on the effects of 19th- and 20th-century land-use history. We compiled a comprehensive database of large wildfires in western United States forests since 1970 and compared it with hydroclimatic and land-surface data. Here, we show that large wildfire activity increased suddenly and markedly in the mid-1980s, with higher large-wildfire frequency, longer wildfire durations, and longer wildfire seasons. The greatest increases occurred in mid-elevation, Northern Rockies forests, where land-use histories have relatively little effect on fire risks and are strongly associated with increased spring and summer temperatures and an earlier spring snowmelt.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.1128834","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Westerling, A., Hidalgo, H., Cayan, D., and Swetnam, T., 2006, Warming and earlier spring increase Western U.S. forest wildfire activity: Science, v. 313, no. 5789, p. 940-943, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1128834.","startPage":"940","endPage":"943","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487564,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/313/5789/940","text":"External Repository"},{"id":237333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210423,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1128834"}],"volume":"313","issue":"5789","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc3c8e4b08c986b32b39e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westerling, A.L.","contributorId":49562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westerling","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hidalgo, H.G.","contributorId":81229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hidalgo","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":416909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swetnam, T.W.","contributorId":95433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swetnam","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028706,"text":"70028706 - 2006 - Santa Barbara Basin study extends global climate record","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70028706","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Santa Barbara Basin study extends global climate record","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Nicholson, C., Kennett, J., Sorlien, C., Hopkins, S., Behl, R., Normark, W., Sliter, R., Hill, T., Pak, D., Schimmelmann, A., and Cannariato, K., 2006, Santa Barbara Basin study extends global climate record: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 87, no. 21, p. 205-207.","startPage":"205","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b86b4e4b08c986b3160af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicholson, C.","contributorId":39118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennett, J.","contributorId":14996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennett","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sorlien, C.","contributorId":51967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorlien","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hopkins, S.","contributorId":104268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Behl, R.","contributorId":13799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behl","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Normark, William","contributorId":33052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sliter, R.","contributorId":66311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hill, T.","contributorId":21333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pak, D.","contributorId":105509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pak","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Schimmelmann, A.","contributorId":28348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimmelmann","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Cannariato, K.","contributorId":101439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannariato","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70028570,"text":"70028570 - 2006 - Persistent disturbance by commercial navigation afters the relative abundance of channel-dwelling fishes in a large river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028570","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistent disturbance by commercial navigation afters the relative abundance of channel-dwelling fishes in a large river","docAbstract":"We provide the first evidence for chronic effects of disturbance by commercial vessels on the spatial distribution and abundance of fishes in the channels of a large river. Most of the world's large rivers are intensively managed to satisfy increasing demands for commercial shipping, but little research has been conducted to identify and alleviate any adverse consequences of commercial navigation. We used a combination of a gradient sampling design incorporating quasicontrol areas with Akaike's information criterion (AIC)-weighted model averaging to estimate effects of disturbances by commercial vessels on fishes in the upper Mississippi River. Species density, which mainly measured species evenness, decreased with increasing disturbance frequency. The most abundant species - gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) and freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) - and the less abundant shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorhynchus) and flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) were seemingly unaffected by traffic disturbance. In contrast, the relative abundance of the toothed herrings (Hiodon spp.), redhorses (Moxostoma spp.), buffaloes (Ictiobus spp.), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), sauger (Sander canadensis), and white bass (Morone chrysops) decreased with increasing traffic in the navigation channel. We hypothesized that the combination of alteration of hydraulic features within navigation channels and rehabilitation of secondary channels might benefit channel-dependent species. ?? 2006 NRC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/F06-129","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Gutreuter, S., Vallazza, J., and Knights, B., 2006, Persistent disturbance by commercial navigation afters the relative abundance of channel-dwelling fishes in a large river: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 63, no. 11, p. 2418-2433, https://doi.org/10.1139/F06-129.","startPage":"2418","endPage":"2433","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209837,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F06-129"},{"id":236567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76f4e4b0c8380cd783b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutreuter, S.","contributorId":79829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutreuter","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vallazza, J.M.","contributorId":78523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallazza","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knights, B.C. 0000-0001-8526-8468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-8468","contributorId":42937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knights","given":"B.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028546,"text":"70028546 - 2006 - Characterization of microsatellite loci isolated in trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028546","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2775,"text":"Molecular Ecology Notes","onlineIssn":"1471-8286","printIssn":"1471-8278","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of microsatellite loci isolated in trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator)","docAbstract":"Primers for 16 microsatellite loci were developed for the trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator), a species recovering from a recent population bottleneck. In a screen of 158 individuals, the 16 loci were found to have levels of variability ranging from two to seven alleles. No loci were found to be linked, although two loci repeatedly revealed significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Amplification in the closely related tundra swan (Cygnus columbianus) was successful for all except one locus. These microsatellite loci will be applicable for population genetic analyses and ultimately aid in management efforts. ?? 2006 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology Notes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01441.x","issn":"14718278","usgsCitation":"John, J.S., Ransler, F., Quinn, T., and Oyler-McCance, S., 2006, Characterization of microsatellite loci isolated in trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator): Molecular Ecology Notes, v. 6, no. 4, p. 1083-1085, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01441.x.","startPage":"1083","endPage":"1085","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209918,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01441.x"},{"id":236671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4d1e4b0c8380cd4bf3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"John, J. 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