{"pageNumber":"2449","pageRowStart":"61200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70028263,"text":"70028263 - 2006 - Homogeneity of small-scale earthquake faulting, stress, and fault strength","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028263","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Homogeneity of small-scale earthquake faulting, stress, and fault strength","docAbstract":"Small-scale faulting at seismogenic depths in the crust appears to be more homogeneous than previously thought. I study three new high-quality focal-mechanism datasets of small (M < ??? 3) earthquakes in southern California, the east San Francisco Bay, and the aftershock sequence of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. I quantify the degree of mechanism variability on a range of length scales by comparing the hypocentral disctance between every pair of events and the angular difference between their focal mechanisms. Closely spaced earthquakes (interhypocentral distance <???2 km) tend to have very similar focal mechanisms, often identical to within the 1-sigma uncertainty of ???25??. This observed similarity implies that in small volumes of crust, while faults of many orientations may or may not be present, only similarly oriented fault planes produce earthquakes contemporaneously. On these short length scales, the crustal stress orientation and fault strength (coefficient of friction) are inferred to be homogeneous as well, to produce such similar earthquakes. Over larger length scales (???2-50 km), focal mechanisms become more diverse with increasing interhypocentral distance (differing on average by 40-70??). Mechanism variability on ???2- to 50 km length scales can be explained by ralatively small variations (???30%) in stress or fault strength. It is possible that most of this small apparent heterogeneity in stress of strength comes from measurement error in the focal mechanisms, as negligibble variation in stress or fault strength (<10%) is needed if each earthquake is assigned the optimally oriented focal mechanism within the 1-sigma confidence region. This local homogeneity in stress orientation and fault strength is encouraging, implying it may be possible to measure these parameters with enough precision to be useful in studying and modeling large earthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050257","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hardebeck, J., 2006, Homogeneity of small-scale earthquake faulting, stress, and fault strength: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 5, p. 1675-1688, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050257.","startPage":"1675","endPage":"1688","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210287,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050257"},{"id":237165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3212e4b0c8380cd5e4d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardebeck, J.L.","contributorId":98862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70028326,"text":"70028326 - 2006 - Nitrogen sources and cycling in the San Francisco Bay estuary: A nitrate dual isotopic composition approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T09:54:23","indexId":"70028326","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen sources and cycling in the San Francisco Bay estuary: A nitrate dual isotopic composition approach","docAbstract":"<p><span>We used the dual isotopic composition of nitrate (δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N and δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O) within the estuarine system of San Francisco (SF) Bay, California, to explore the utility of this approach for tracing sources and cycling of nitrate (NO</span><sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup><span>). Surface water samples from 49 sites within the estuary were sampled during July–August 2004. Spatial variability in the isotopic composition suggests that there are multiple sources of nitrate to the bay ecosystem including seawater, several rivers and creeks, and sewage effluent. The spatial distribution of nitrate from these sources is heavily modulated by the hydrodynamics of the estuary. Mixing along the estuarine salinity gradient is the main control on the spatial variations in isotopic composition of nitrate within the northern arm of SF Bay. However, the nitrate isotopic composition in the southern arm of SF Bay exhibited a combination of source mixing and phytoplankton drawdown due mostly to the long residence time during the summer study period. Very low δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>NO3</sub><span>&nbsp;values (as low as −5.0%) at the Sacramento–San Joaquin River delta region give rise to a wide range of δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>ONO3 values in the SF Bay system. The range in δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>NO3</sub><span>&nbsp;values is more than twice that of δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N</span><sub>NO3</sub><span>, suggesting that δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>NO3</sub><span>&nbsp;is an even more sensitive tool for tracing nitrate sources and cycling than δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N</span><sub>NO3</sub><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASLO","doi":"10.4319/lo.2006.51.4.1654 ","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Wankel, S.D., Kendall, C., Francis, C., and Paytan, A., 2006, Nitrogen sources and cycling in the San Francisco Bay estuary: A nitrate dual isotopic composition approach: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 51, no. 4, p. 1654-1664, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2006.51.4.1654 .","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1654","endPage":"1664","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66f4e4b0c8380cd730c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wankel, Scott D.","contributorId":98076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wankel","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Francis, C.A.","contributorId":92859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paytan, A.","contributorId":98926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paytan","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028242,"text":"70028242 - 2006 - Weathering pits as indicators of the relative age of granite surfaces in the Cairngorm mountains, Scotland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028242","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1768,"text":"Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Weathering pits as indicators of the relative age of granite surfaces in the Cairngorm mountains, Scotland","docAbstract":"Weathering pits 1-140 cm deep occur on granite surfaces in the Cairngorms associated with a range of landforms, including tors, glacially exposed slabs, large erratics and blockfields. Pit depth is positively correlated with cosmogenic exposure age, and both measures show consistent relationships on individual rock landforms. Rates of pit deepening are non-linear and a best fit is provided by the sigmoidal function D = b1+ exp(b2+b3/t). The deepest pits occur on unmodified tor summits, where 10 Be exposure ages indicate that surfaces have been exposed to weathering for a minimum of 52-297 ka. Glacially exposed surfaces with pits 10-46 cm deep have given 10 Be exposure durations of 21-79 ka, indicating exposure by glacial erosion before the last glacial cycle. The combination of cosmogenic exposure ages with weathering pit depths greatly extends the area over which inferences can be made regarding the ages of granite surfaces in the Cairngorms. Well-developed weathering pits on glacially exposed surfaces in other granite areas are potential indicators of glacial erosion before the Last Glacial Maximum. ?? Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.0435-3676.2006.00290.x","issn":"04353676","usgsCitation":"Hall, A., and Phillips, W., 2006, Weathering pits as indicators of the relative age of granite surfaces in the Cairngorm mountains, Scotland: Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, v. 88, no. 2, p. 135-150, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0435-3676.2006.00290.x.","startPage":"135","endPage":"150","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210426,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0435-3676.2006.00290.x"},{"id":237339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcfbce4b08c986b32ea8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, A.M.","contributorId":40400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, W.M.","contributorId":49332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028303,"text":"70028303 - 2006 - The legacy of leaded gasoline in bottom sediment of small rural reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028303","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The legacy of leaded gasoline in bottom sediment of small rural reservoirs","docAbstract":"The historical and ongoing lead (Pb) contamination caused by the 20th-century use of leaded gasoline was investigated by an analysis of bottom sediment in eight small rural reservoirs in eastern Kansas, USA. For the reservoirs that were completed before or during the period of maximum Pb emissions from vehicles (i.e., the 1940s through the early 1980s) and that had a major highway in the basin, increased Pb concentrations reflected the pattern of historical leaded gasoline use. For at least some of these reservoirs, residual Pb is still being delivered from the basins. There was no evidence of increased Pb deposition for the reservoirs completed after the period of peak Pb emissions and (or) located in relatively remote areas with little or no highway traffic. Results indicated that several factors affected the magnitude and variability of Pb concentrations in reservoir sediment including traffic volume, reservoir age, and basin size. The increased Pb concentrations at four reservoirs exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency threshold-effects level (30.2 mg kg-1) and frequently exceeded a consensus-based threshold-effects concentration (35.8 mg kg-1) for possible adverse biological effects. For two reservoirs it was estimated that it will take at least 20 to 70 yr for Pb in the newly deposited sediment to return to baseline (pre-1920s) concentrations (30 mg kg-1) following the phase out of leaded gasoline. The buried sediment with elevated Pb concentrations may pose a future environmental concern if the reservoirs are dredged, the dams are removed, or the dams fail. ?? ASA, CSSA, SSSA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2006.0128","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., and Ziegler, A., 2006, The legacy of leaded gasoline in bottom sediment of small rural reservoirs: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 35, no. 6, p. 2092-2102, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0128.","startPage":"2092","endPage":"2102","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210318,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0128"},{"id":237203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad8be4b08c986b323cab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, K. E. 0000-0002-2102-8980","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":44570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ziegler, A.C.","contributorId":74398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028444,"text":"70028444 - 2006 - 2480 Ma mafic magmatism in the northern Black Hills, South Dakota: A new link connecting the Wyoming and Superior cratons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70028444","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"2480 Ma mafic magmatism in the northern Black Hills, South Dakota: A new link connecting the Wyoming and Superior cratons","docAbstract":"The Laramide Black Hills uplift of southwest South Dakota exposes a Precambrian crystalline core of ???2560-2600 Ma basement granitoids nonconformably overlain by two Paleoproterozoic intracratonic rift successions. In the northern Black Hills, a 1 km thick, layered sill (the Blue Draw metagabbro) that intrudes the older rift succession provides a key constraint on the timing of mafic magmatism and of older rift-basin sedimentation. Ion microprobe spot analyses of megacrysts of magmatic titanite from a horizon of dioritic pegmatite in the uppermost sill portion yield a 207Pb/206Pb upper-intercept age of 2480 ?? 6 Ma (all age errors ??2??), comparable to two-point 207Pb/206Pb errorchron ages obtained by Pb stepwise leaching of the same titanites. Nearly concordant domains in coexisting magmatic zircon yield apparent spot ages ranging from 2458 ?? 16 to 2284 ?? 20 Ma (i.e., differentially reset along U-Pb concordia), and hornblende from an associated metadiorite yields a partially reset date with oldest apparent-age increments ranging between 2076 ?? 16 and 2010 ?? 8 Ma. We interpret these data as indicating that an episode of gabbroic magmatism occurred at 2480 Ma, in response to earlier rifting of the eastern edge of the Wyoming craton. Layered mafic intrusions of similar thickness and identical age occur along a rifted belt in the southern Superior craton (Sudbury region, Ontario). Moreover, these mafic intrusions are spatially aligned using previous supercontinent restorations of the Wyoming and Superior cratons (Kenorland-Superia configurations). This new \"piercing point\" augments one previously inferred by spatial-temporal correlation of the Paleoproterozoic Huronian (southern Ontario) and Snowy Pass (southeastern Wyoming) supergroups. We propose that layered mafic intrusions extending from Nemo, South Dakota, to Sudbury, Ontario, delineate an axial rift zone along which Wyoming began to separate from Superior during initial fragmentation of the Neoarchean supercontinent at ???2480 Ma. ?? 2006 NRC Canada.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/E06-066","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Dahl, P., Hamilton, M., Wooden, J.L., Foland, K., Frei, R., McCombs, J., and Holm, D., 2006, 2480 Ma mafic magmatism in the northern Black Hills, South Dakota: A new link connecting the Wyoming and Superior cratons: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 43, no. 10, p. 1579-1600, https://doi.org/10.1139/E06-066.","startPage":"1579","endPage":"1600","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210353,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/E06-066"},{"id":237248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e255e4b0c8380cd45ace","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dahl, P.S.","contributorId":81688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahl","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, M.A.","contributorId":88551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foland, K.A.","contributorId":13357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foland","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frei, R.","contributorId":88537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frei","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCombs, J.A.","contributorId":41204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCombs","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Holm, D.K.","contributorId":68955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70028268,"text":"70028268 - 2006 - Groundwater flow and velocity in a 500 ka pre-Illinoian till, eastern Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028268","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater flow and velocity in a 500 ka pre-Illinoian till, eastern Iowa","docAbstract":"Few hydrology studies have investigated glacial till older than Illinoian time (> 300,000 BP) despite these older tills overlying a large portion of North America. An 8- and 6-well monitoring well nest installed into a 31 m thick pre-Illinoian till sequence near Cedar Rapids, Iowa was characterized using traditional hydrologic methods and chemical tracers. The aquitard system consists of about 9 m of fine-grained oxidized pre-Illinoian till overlying 22 m of unoxidized till and Devonian dolomite bedrock. Hydraulic conductivity ranged from 10-7 m/s in oxidized till and 10-10 m/s in unoxidized till. Hydraulic head relations indicated downward groundwater flow through the till profile with hydraulic gradients steepest near the unoxidized till/bedrock interface. Tritium and nitrate concentrations indicated recent (< 50 years old) recharge to a depth of 9-12 m below land surface. 18O and 2H results ranged between -6.2 to -7.9% and -38.0 to -50.9%, respectively, and plotted near the local Meteoric Water Line. A 1 per mil shift toward less negative 18O values with depth may suggest a climate change signal contained in the till water but more data are needed to verify this trend. Vertical groundwater velocity through the unoxidized till was estimated to range from 0.4 to 5.7 cm/year. The thickness of unoxidized pre-Illinoian till in Linn County was estimated from available records and contoured against vertical travel times to evaluate the effectiveness of pre-Illinoian till in preventing nitrate migration to underlying bedrock aquifers. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-006-0299-9","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Schilling, K.E., and Tassier-Surine, S., 2006, Groundwater flow and velocity in a 500 ka pre-Illinoian till, eastern Iowa: Environmental Geology, v. 50, no. 8, p. 1255-1264, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0299-9.","startPage":"1255","endPage":"1264","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210343,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0299-9"},{"id":237236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2d9fe4b0c8380cd5bf61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tassier-Surine, S.","contributorId":77724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tassier-Surine","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028270,"text":"70028270 - 2006 - Modeling regional initiation of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in the eastern Umbria Region of central Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028270","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2604,"text":"Landslides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling regional initiation of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in the eastern Umbria Region of central Italy","docAbstract":"We model the rainfall-induced initiation of shallow landslides over a broad region using a deterministic approach, the Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Slope-stability (TRIGRS) model that couples an infinite-slope stability analysis with a one-dimensional analytical solution for transient pore pressure response to rainfall infiltration. This model permits the evaluation of regional shallow landslide susceptibility in a Geographic Information System framework, and we use it to analyze susceptibility to shallow landslides in an area in the eastern Umbria Region of central Italy. As shown on a landslide inventory map produced by the Italian National Research Council, the area has been affected in the past by shallow landslides, many of which have transformed into debris flows. Input data for the TRIGRS model include time-varying rainfall, topographic slope, colluvial thickness, initial water table depth, and material strength and hydraulic properties. Because of a paucity of input data, we focus on parametric analyses to calibrate and test the model and show the effect of variation in material properties and initial water table conditions on the distribution of simulated instability in the study area in response to realistic rainfall. Comparing the results with the shallow landslide inventory map, we find more than 80% agreement between predicted shallow landslide susceptibility and the inventory, despite the paucity of input data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslides","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10346-006-0037-0","issn":"1612510X","usgsCitation":"Salciarini, D., Godt, J., Savage, W.Z., Conversini, P., Baum, R., and Michael, J.A., 2006, Modeling regional initiation of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in the eastern Umbria Region of central Italy: Landslides, v. 3, no. 3, p. 181-194, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-006-0037-0.","startPage":"181","endPage":"194","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210345,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-006-0037-0"},{"id":237238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c21e4b0c8380cd6fa6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Salciarini, D.","contributorId":59255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salciarini","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godt, J. W.","contributorId":76732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savage, W. Z.","contributorId":106481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conversini, P.","contributorId":59307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conversini","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baum, R.L.","contributorId":68752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Michael, J. A.","contributorId":48567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028272,"text":"70028272 - 2006 - Modeling and validation of a 3D velocity structure for the Santa Clara Valley, California, for seismic-wave simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-27T13:53:53","indexId":"70028272","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling and validation of a 3D velocity structure for the Santa Clara Valley, California, for seismic-wave simulations","docAbstract":"<p>A 3D seismic velocity and attenuation model is developed for Santa Clara Valley, California, and its surrounding uplands to predict ground motions from scenario earthquakes. The model is developed using a variety of geologic and geophysical data. Our starting point is a 3D geologic model developed primarily from geologic mapping and gravity and magnetic surveys. An initial velocity model is constructed by using seismic velocities from boreholes, reflection/refraction lines, and spatial autocorrelation microtremor surveys. This model is further refined and the seismic attenuation is estimated through waveform modeling of weak motions from small local events and strong-ground motion from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Waveforms are calculated to an upper frequency of 1 Hz using a parallelized finite-difference code that utilizes two regions with a factor of 3 difference in grid spacing to reduce memory requirements. Cenozoic basins trap and strongly amplify ground motions. This effect is particularly strong in the Evergreen Basin on the northeastern side of the Santa Clara Valley, where the steeply dipping Silver Creek fault forms the southwestern boundary of the basin. In comparison, the Cupertino Basin on the southwestern side of the valley has a more moderate response, which is attributed to a greater age and velocity of the Cenozoic fill. Surface waves play a major role in the ground motion of sedimentary basins, and they are seen to strongly develop along the western margins of the Santa Clara Valley for our simulation of the Loma Prieta earthquake.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford","doi":"10.1785/0120050243","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S., Harmsen, S., Williams, R.A., Carver, D., Frankel, A., Choy, G., Liu, P., Jachens, R., Brocher, T., and Wentworth, C., 2006, Modeling and validation of a 3D velocity structure for the Santa Clara Valley, California, for seismic-wave simulations: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 5, p. 1851-1881, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050243.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"1851","endPage":"1881","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210374,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050243"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Clara Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.73950195312499,\n              37.54457732085582\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.2283935546875,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.651611328125,\n              36.672824886786564\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.17370605468749,\n              36.97622678464096\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.73950195312499,\n              37.54457732085582\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bdae4b0c8380cd6f858","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harmsen, S.","contributorId":79600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmsen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, R. A.","contributorId":82323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carver, D.","contributorId":22792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carver","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frankel, A. 0000-0001-9119-6106","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":41593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Choy, G.","contributorId":93691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choy","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Liu, P.-C.","contributorId":25339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"P.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wentworth, C. M. 0000-0003-2569-569X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-569X","contributorId":106466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentworth","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70028327,"text":"70028327 - 2006 - Landslides caused by the M 7.6 Tecomán, Mexico earthquake of January 21, 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-20T11:12:14","indexId":"70028327","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landslides caused by the M 7.6 Tecomán, Mexico earthquake of January 21, 2003","docAbstract":"<p id=\"\">The Tecom&aacute;n, Mexico earthquake (also called the &ldquo;Colima earthquake&rdquo;) of January 21, 2003 (M 7.6) triggered several hundreds of landslides in the coastal cordilleras of Colima State, near the earthquake source, and several thousands in the volcanic highlands north and northwest of Colima City. These landslides, mostly shallow and disrupted failures, caused minor damage to roads, to a railroad, and to irrigation systems. In one area, extensive, post-earthquake rock-fall activity indicates a possible long-term instability that could threaten dwellings and other infrastructure located nearby. In the coastal cordilleras, most of the landslides were generated by failures of artificially cut slopes, especially along roads. The rocks of the coastal cordilleras are generally well indurated, and landslides occurred only where the rocks were made locally susceptible by weathering, the presence of prominent discontinuities with unfavorable orientations, or intense fracturing or shearing.</p>\n<p id=\"\">In contrast to the coastal cordilleras, the volcanic rocks to the north were more susceptible to the occurrence of seismically triggered landslides. The greatest number and concentrations of landslides occurred there, and the landslides were larger than those in the coastal cordilleras, even though this volcanic terrain was farther from the earthquake source. Here, stretches of river bluffs several hundred meters long had been stripped of vegetation and surficial material by coalescing landslides, and several days after the main shock, thousands of small rock falls were still occurring each day, indicating an ongoing hazard. The high susceptibility of volcanic materials to earthquake-generated landslides conforms to findings in other recent earthquakes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.02.017","issn":"00137952","usgsCitation":"Keefer, D.K., Wartman, J., Navarro, O.C., Rodriguez-Marek, A., and Wieczorek, G.F., 2006, Landslides caused by the M 7.6 Tecomán, Mexico earthquake of January 21, 2003: Engineering Geology, v. 86, no. 2-3, p. 183-197, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.02.017.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"197","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210186,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.02.017"}],"volume":"86","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4459e4b0c8380cd66a2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keefer, David K.","contributorId":77930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wartman, Joseph","contributorId":9053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wartman","given":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Navarro, Ochoa C.","contributorId":54011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Navarro","given":"Ochoa","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rodriguez-Marek, Adrian","contributorId":67711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez-Marek","given":"Adrian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wieczorek, Gerald F.","contributorId":81889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028328,"text":"70028328 - 2006 - Evaluating uncertainty in predicting spatially variable representative elementary scales in fractured aquifers, with application to Turkey Creek Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T16:58:10","indexId":"70028328","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating uncertainty in predicting spatially variable representative elementary scales in fractured aquifers, with application to Turkey Creek Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p><span>Computational limitations and sparse field data often mandate use of continuum representation for modeling hydrologic processes in large‐scale fractured aquifers. Selecting appropriate element size is of primary importance because continuum approximation is not valid for all scales. The traditional approach is to select elements by identifying a single representative elementary scale (RES) for the region of interest. Recent advances indicate RES may be spatially variable, prompting unanswered questions regarding the ability of sparse data to spatially resolve continuum equivalents in fractured aquifers. We address this uncertainty of estimating RES using two techniques. In one technique we employ data‐conditioned realizations generated by sequential Gaussian simulation. For the other we develop a new approach using conditioned random walks and nonparametric bootstrapping (CRWN). We evaluate the effectiveness of each method under three fracture densities, three data sets, and two groups of RES analysis parameters. In sum, 18 separate RES analyses are evaluated, which indicate RES magnitudes may be reasonably bounded using uncertainty analysis, even for limited data sets and complex fracture structure. In addition, we conduct a field study to estimate RES magnitudes and resulting uncertainty for Turkey Creek Basin, a crystalline fractured rock aquifer located 30 km southwest of Denver, Colorado. Analyses indicate RES does not correlate to rock type or local relief in several instances but is generally lower within incised creek valleys and higher along mountain fronts. Results of this study suggest that (1) CRWN is an effective and computationally efficient method to estimate uncertainty, (2) RES predictions are well constrained using uncertainty analysis, and (3) for aquifers such as Turkey Creek Basin, spatial variability of RES is significant and complex.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004431","usgsCitation":"Wellman, T., and Poeter, E.P., 2006, Evaluating uncertainty in predicting spatially variable representative elementary scales in fractured aquifers, with application to Turkey Creek Basin, Colorado: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 8, Article W08410; 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004431.","productDescription":"Article W08410; 21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c03e4b0c8380cd529ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wellman, Tristan P.","contributorId":56500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellman","given":"Tristan P.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":417547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poeter, Eileen P.","contributorId":78805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poeter","given":"Eileen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028329,"text":"70028329 - 2006 - Environmental contaminants and biomarker responses in fish from the Columbia River and its tributaries: spatial and temporal trends","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-03T16:56:06","indexId":"70028329","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental contaminants and biomarker responses in fish from the Columbia River and its tributaries: spatial and temporal trends","docAbstract":"<p>Fish were collected from 16 sites on rivers in the Columbia River Basin (CRB) from September 1997 to April 1998 to document temporal and spatial trends in the concentrations of accumulative contaminants and to assess contaminant effects on the fish. Sites were located on the mainstem of the Columbia River and on the Snake, Willamette, Yakima, Salmon, and Flathead Rivers. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio), black bass (Micropterus sp.), and largescale sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) were the targeted species. Fish were field-examined for external and internal lesions, selected organs were weighed to compute somatic indices, and tissue and fluid samples were preserved for fish health and reproductive biomarker analyses. Composite samples of whole fish, grouped by species and gender, from each site were analyzed for organochlorine and elemental contaminants using instrumental methods and for 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro dibenzo-p-dioxin-like activity (TCDD-EQ) using the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay. Overall, pesticide concentrations were greatest in fish from lower CRB sites and elemental concentrations were greatest in fish from upper CRB sites. These patterns reflected land uses. Lead (Pb) concentrations in fish from the Columbia River at Northport and Grand Coulee, Washington (WA) exceeded fish and wildlife toxicity thresholds (&gt; 0.4 ??g/g). Selenium (Se) concentrations in fish from the Salmon River at Riggins, Idaho (ID), the Columbia River at Vernita Bridge, WA, and the Yakima River at Granger, WA exceeded toxicity thresholds for piscivorous wildlife (&gt; 0.6 ??g/g). Mercury (Hg) concentrations in fish were elevated throughout the basin but were greatest (&gt; 0.4 ??g/g) in predatory fish from the Salmon River at Riggins, ID, the Yakima River at Granger, WA, and the Columbia River at Warrendale, Oregon (OR). Residues of p,p???-DDE were greatest (&gt; 0.8 ??g/g) in fish from agricultural areas of the Snake, Yakima, and Columbia River basins but were not detected in upper CRB fish. Other organochlorine pesticides did not exceed toxicity thresholds in fish or were detected infrequently. Total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs; &gt; 0.11 ??g/g) and TCDD-EQs (&gt; 5 pg/g) exceeded wildlife guidelines in fish from the middle and lower CRB, and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity was also elevated at many of the same sites. Temporal trend analysis indicated decreasing or stable concentrations of Pb, Se, Hg, p,p???-DDE, and PCBs at most sites where historical data were available. Altered biomarkers were noted in fish throughout the CRB. Fish from some stations had responded to chronic contaminant exposure as indicated by fish health and reproductive biomarker results. Although most fish from some sites had grossly visible external or internal lesions, histopathological analysis determined these to be inflammatory responses associated with helminth or myxosporidian parasites. Many largescale sucker from the Columbia River at Northport and Grand Coulee, WA had external lesions and enlarged spleens, which were likely associated with infections. Intersex male smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) were found in the Snake River at Lewiston, ID and the Columbia River at Warrendale, OR. Male bass, carp, and largescale sucker containing low concentrations of vitellogenin were common in the CRB, and comparatively high concentrations (&gt; 0.3 mg/mL) were measured in male fish from the Flathead River at Creston, Montana, the Snake River at Ice Harbor Dam, WA, and the Columbia River at Vernita Bridge, WA and Warrendale, OR. Results from our study and other investigations indicate that continued monitoring in the CRB is warranted to identify consistently degraded sites and those with emerging problems. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.11.008","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Hinck, J., Schmitt, C., Blazer, V., Denslow, N., Bartish, T., Anderson, P., Coyle, J., Dethloff, G., and Tillitt, D.E., 2006, Environmental contaminants and biomarker responses in fish from the Columbia River and its tributaries: spatial and temporal trends: Science of the Total Environment, v. 366, no. 2-3, p. 549-578, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.11.008.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"549","endPage":"578","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210211,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.11.008"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.70605468750001,\n              46.46813299215554\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.70654296874999,\n              46.78501604269254\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.08056640625,\n              48.777912755501845\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.09228515624999,\n              49.03786794532644\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.873046875,\n              48.99463598353408\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.939453125,\n              46.057985244793024\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.18115234375,\n              44.933696389694674\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.06103515625,\n              44.18220395771566\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.302734375,\n              43.29320031385282\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.03857421875,\n              41.705728515237524\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.37841796874999,\n              41.65649719441145\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.46582031249999,\n              42.391008609205045\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.76220703125001,\n              44.54350521320822\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.30029296875,\n              45.042478050891546\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.96972656249999,\n              45.644768217751924\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.03564453125,\n              46.52863469527167\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.70605468750001,\n              46.46813299215554\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"366","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09aae4b0c8380cd51fef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinck, J.E.","contributorId":47560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinck","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmitt, C. J. 0000-0001-6804-2360","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":56339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denslow, N. D.","contributorId":101606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denslow","given":"N. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bartish, T.M.","contributorId":47890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartish","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anderson, P.J.","contributorId":83058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Coyle, J.J.","contributorId":64440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coyle","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dethloff, G.M.","contributorId":78047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dethloff","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70028235,"text":"70028235 - 2006 - Remote sensing studies of the Dionysius region of the Moon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-11T13:22:32","indexId":"70028235","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing studies of the Dionysius region of the Moon","docAbstract":"<p>The Dionysius region is located near the western edge of Mare Tranquillitatis and is centered on Dionysius crater, which exhibits a well-developed dark ray system. Proposed origins for these dark rays included impact melt deposits and dark primary ejecta. The region also contains extensive deposits of Cayley-type light plains. Clementine multispectral images and a variety of spacecraft photography were utilized to investigate the composition and origin of geologic units in the Dionysius region. The portions of the dark rays for which spectral and chemical data were obtained are composed of mare debris contaminated with minor amounts of highland material. Both five-point spectra and values of the optical maturity (OMAT) parameter indicate that the dark rays are dominated by mare basalts, not glassy impact melts. The high-albedo rays associated with Dionysius exhibit FeO and TiO2 values that are lower than those of the adjacent dark ray surfaces and OMAT values that indicate that bright ray surfaces are not fully mature. The high-albedo rays are bright largely because of the contrast in albedo between ray material containing highlands-rich ejecta and the adjacent mare-rich surfaces. The mafic debris ejected by Dionysius was derived from a dark, iron-rich unit exposed high on the inner wall of the crater. This layer probably represents a mare deposit that was present at the surface of the preimpact target site. With one possible exception, there is no evidence for buried mare basalts associated with Cayley plains in the region.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2005JE002639","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Giguere, T.A., Hawke, B.R., Gaddis, L.R., Blewett, D.T., Gillis-Davis, J., Lucey, P.G., Smith, G., Spudis, P.D., and Taylor, G., 2006, Remote sensing studies of the Dionysius region of the Moon: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 111, no. E6, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JE002639.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486893,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005je002639","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"E6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa710e4b0c8380cd851de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giguere, Thomas A.","contributorId":11030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giguere","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hawke, B. Ray","contributorId":76570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawke","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483 lgaddis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":2817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa","email":"lgaddis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blewett, David T.","contributorId":127835,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blewett","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7166,"text":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gillis-Davis, J. J.","contributorId":83732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillis-Davis","given":"J. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lucey, Paul G.","contributorId":100218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucey","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, G.A. 0000-0001-8170-9924","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-9924","contributorId":38350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Spudis, P. D.","contributorId":58719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spudis","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12445,"text":"Lunar and Planetary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Taylor, G.J.","contributorId":76927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70028300,"text":"70028300 - 2006 - Estimated sand and gravel resources of the South Merrimack, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, 7.5-minute quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028300","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimated sand and gravel resources of the South Merrimack, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, 7.5-minute quadrangle","docAbstract":"A computer methodology is presented that allows natural aggregate producers, local governmental, and nongovernmental planners to define specific locations that may have sand and gravel deposits meeting user-specified minimum size, thickness, and geographic and geologic criteria, in areas where the surficial geology has been mapped. As an example, the surficial geologic map of the South Merrimack quadrangle was digitized and several digital geographic information system databases were downloaded from the internet and used to estimate the sand and gravel resources in the quadrangle. More than 41 percent of the South Merrimack quadrangle has been mapped as having sand and (or) gravel deposited by glacial meltwaters. These glaciofluvial areas are estimated to contain a total of 10 million m3 of material mapped as gravel, 60 million m3 of material mapped as mixed sand and gravel, and another 50 million m3 of material mapped as sand with minor silt. The mean thickness of these areas is about 1.95 meters. Twenty tracts were selected, each having individual areas of more than about 14 acres4 (5.67 hectares) of stratified glacial-meltwater sand and gravel deposits, at least 10-feet (3.0 m) of material above the watertable, and not sterilized by the proximity of buildings, roads, streams and other bodies of water, or railroads. The 20 tracts are estimated to contain between about 4 and 10 million short tons (st) of gravel and 20 and 30 million st of sand. The five most gravel-rich tracts contain about 71 to 82 percent of the gravel resources in all 20 tracts and about 54-56 percent of the sand. Using this methodology, and the above criteria, a group of four tracts, divided by narrow areas sterilized by a small stream and secondary roads, may have the highest potential in the quadrangle for sand and gravel resources. ?? Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11053-006-9021-6","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Sutphin, D.M., Drew, L., and Fowler, B., 2006, Estimated sand and gravel resources of the South Merrimack, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, 7.5-minute quadrangle: Natural Resources Research, v. 15, no. 3, p. 183-203, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-006-9021-6.","startPage":"183","endPage":"203","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210290,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-006-9021-6"},{"id":237168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0aa1e4b0c8380cd523fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sutphin, D. M.","contributorId":27424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutphin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drew, L.J.","contributorId":69157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fowler, B.K.","contributorId":82883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028351,"text":"70028351 - 2006 - Crustal structure of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau from the Songpan-Ganzi terrane to the Ordos basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-28T15:16:48.606477","indexId":"70028351","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau from the Songpan-Ganzi terrane to the Ordos basin","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id17\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id18\"><p>The 1000-km-long Darlag–Lanzhou–Jingbian seismic refraction profile is located in the NE margin of the Tibetan plateau. This profile crosses the northern Songpan-Ganzi terrane, the Qinling-Qilian fold system, the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region, and the stable Ordos basin. The P-wave and S-wave velocity structure and Poisson's ratios reveal many significant characteristics in the profile. The crustal thickness increases from northeast to southwest. The average crustal thickness observed increases from 42&nbsp;km in the Ordos basin to 63&nbsp;km in the Songpan-Ganzi terrane. The crust becomes obviously thicker south of the Haiyuan fault and beneath the West-Qinlin Shan. The crustal velocities have significant variations along the profile. The average P-wave velocities for the crystalline crust vary between 6.3 and 6.4&nbsp;km/s. Beneath the Songpan-Ganzi terrane, West-Qinling Shan, and Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region P-wave velocities of 6.3&nbsp;km/s are 0.15&nbsp;km/s lower than the worldwide average of 6.45&nbsp;km/s. North of the Kunlun fault, with exclusion of the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region, the average P-wave velocity is 6.4&nbsp;km/s and only 0.5&nbsp;km/s lower than the worldwide average. A combination of the P-wave velocity and Poisson's ratio suggests that the crust is dominantly felsic in composition with an intermediate composition at the base. A mafic lower crust is absent in the NE margin of the Tibetan plateau from the Songpan-Ganzi terrane to the Ordos basin. There are low velocity zones in the West-Qinling Shan and the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region. The low velocity zones have low S-wave velocities and high Poisson's ratios, so it is possible these zones are due to partial melting. The crust is divided into two layers, the upper and the lower crust, with crustal thickening mainly in the lower crust as the NE Tibetan plateau is approached. The results in the study show that the thickness of the lower crust increases from 22 to 38&nbsp;km as the crustal thickness increases from 42&nbsp;km in the Ordos basin to 63&nbsp;km in the Songpan-Ganzi terrane south of the Kunlun fault. Both the Conrad discontinuity and Moho in the West-Qinling Shan and in the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region are laminated interfaces, implying intense tectonic activity. The arcuate faults and large earthquakes in the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region are the result of interaction between the Tibetan plateau and the Sino–Korean and Gobi Ala Shan platforms.</p></div></div></div>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.025","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Liu, M., Mooney, W.D., Li, S., Okaya, N., and Detweiler, S.T., 2006, Crustal structure of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau from the Songpan-Ganzi terrane to the Ordos basin: Tectonophysics, v. 420, no. 1-2, p. 253-266, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.025.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"266","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[110.33919,18.6784],[109.47521,18.1977],[108.65521,18.50768],[108.62622,19.36789],[109.11906,19.82104],[110.2116,20.10125],[110.78655,20.07753],[111.01005,19.69593],[110.57065,19.25588],[110.33919,18.6784]]],[[[127.65741,49.76027],[129.39782,49.4406],[130.58229,48.72969],[130.98728,47.79013],[132.50667,47.78897],[133.3736,48.18344],[135.02631,48.47823],[134.50081,47.57844],[134.11236,47.21247],[133.76964,46.11693],[133.09713,45.14407],[131.88345,45.32116],[131.02521,44.96795],[131.28856,44.11152],[131.14469,42.92999],[130.63387,42.90301],[130.64002,42.39501],[129.99427,42.98539],[129.59667,42.42498],[128.05222,41.99428],[128.20843,41.46677],[127.34378,41.50315],[126.86908,41.81657],[126.18205,41.10734],[125.07994,40.56982],[124.26562,39.92849],[122.86757,39.63779],[122.13139,39.17045],[121.05455,38.89747],[121.58599,39.36085],[121.37676,39.75026],[122.1686,40.42244],[121.64036,40.94639],[120.76863,40.59339],[119.6396,39.89806],[119.02346,39.25233],[118.04275,39.20427],[117.5327,38.73764],[118.0597,38.06148],[118.87815,37.89733],[118.91164,37.44846],[119.7028,37.15639],[120.82346,37.87043],[121.71126,37.48112],[122.35794,37.45448],[122.51999,36.93061],[121.10416,36.65133],[120.63701,36.11144],[119.66456,35.60979],[119.15121,34.90986],[120.22752,34.36033],[120.62037,33.37672],[121.22901,32.46032],[121.90815,31.69217],[121.89192,30.94935],[121.26426,30.67627],[121.50352,30.14291],[122.09211,29.83252],[121.93843,29.01802],[121.68444,28.22551],[121.12566,28.13567],[120.39547,27.05321],[119.5855,25.74078],[118.65687,24.54739],[117.28161,23.6245],[115.89074,22.78287],[114.76383,22.66807],[114.15255,22.22376],[113.80678,22.54834],[113.24108,22.05137],[111.84359,21.55049],[110.78547,21.39714],[110.44404,20.34103],[109.88986,20.28246],[109.62766,21.00823],[109.86449,21.39505],[108.52281,21.71521],[108.05018,21.55238],[107.04342,21.8119],[106.56727,22.2182],[106.7254,22.79427],[105.81125,22.97689],[105.32921,23.35206],[104.47686,22.81915],[103.50451,22.70376],[102.70699,22.7088],[102.17044,22.46475],[101.65202,22.3182],[101.80312,21.17437],[101.27003,21.20165],[101.18001,21.43657],[101.15003,21.84998],[100.41654,21.55884],[99.98349,21.74294],[99.2409,22.11831],[99.53199,22.94904],[98.89875,23.14272],[98.66026,24.06329],[97.60472,23.8974],[97.72461,25.08364],[98.67184,25.9187],[98.71209,26.74354],[98.68269,27.50881],[98.24623,27.74722],[97.91199,28.33595],[97.32711,28.26158],[96.24883,28.41103],[96.58659,28.83098],[96.11768,29.4528],[95.4048,29.03172],[94.56599,29.27744],[93.41335,28.64063],[92.50312,27.89688],[91.69666,27.77174],[91.25885,28.04061],[90.73051,28.06495],[90.01583,28.29644],[89.47581,28.04276],[88.81425,27.29932],[88.73033,28.08686],[88.12044,27.87654],[86.95452,27.97426],[85.82332,28.20358],[85.01164,28.64277],[84.23458,28.83989],[83.89899,29.32023],[83.33712,29.46373],[82.32751,30.11527],[81.5258,30.42272],[81.11126,30.18348],[79.72137,30.88271],[78.73889,31.51591],[78.45845,32.61816],[79.17613,32.48378],[79.20889,32.99439],[78.81109,33.5062],[78.91227,34.32194],[77.83745,35.49401],[76.19285,35.8984],[75.8969,36.66681],[75.15803,37.13303],[74.98,37.41999],[74.82999,37.99001],[74.86482,38.37885],[74.25751,38.60651],[73.92885,38.50582],[73.67538,39.43124],[73.96001,39.66001],[73.82224,39.89397],[74.77686,40.36643],[75.46783,40.56207],[76.52637,40.42795],[76.90448,41.06649],[78.1872,41.18532],[78.54366,41.58224],[80.11943,42.12394],[80.25999,42.35],[80.18015,42.92007],[80.86621,43.18036],[79.96611,44.91752],[81.94707,45.31703],[82.45893,45.53965],[83.18048,47.33003],[85.16429,47.00096],[85.72048,47.45297],[85.76823,48.45575],[86.59878,48.54918],[87.35997,49.21498],[87.75126,49.2972],[88.01383,48.59946],[88.8543,48.06908],[90.28083,47.69355],[90.97081,46.88815],[90.58577,45.71972],[90.94554,45.28607],[92.13389,45.11508],[93.48073,44.97547],[94.68893,44.35233],[95.30688,44.24133],[95.76245,43.31945],[96.3494,42.72564],[97.45176,42.74889],[99.51582,42.52469],[100.84587,42.6638],[101.83304,42.51487],[103.31228,41.90747],[104.52228,41.90835],[104.96499,41.59741],[106.12932,42.13433],[107.74477,42.48152],[109.2436,42.51945],[110.4121,42.87123],[111.12968,43.40683],[111.82959,43.74312],[111.66774,44.07318],[111.34838,44.45744],[111.87331,45.10208],[112.43606,45.01165],[113.46391,44.80889],[114.46033,45.33982],[115.9851,45.72724],[116.71787,46.3882],[117.4217,46.67273],[118.87433,46.80541],[119.66327,46.69268],[119.77282,47.04806],[118.86657,47.74706],[118.06414,48.06673],[117.29551,47.69771],[116.30895,47.85341],[115.74284,47.72654],[115.48528,48.13538],[116.1918,49.1346],[116.6788,49.88853],[117.87924,49.51098],[119.28846,50.14288],[119.27937,50.58291],[120.18205,51.64357],[120.73819,51.96412],[120.72579,52.51623],[120.17709,52.75389],[121.00308,53.2514],[122.24575,53.43173],[123.57151,53.4588],[125.06821,53.16104],[125.94635,52.7928],[126.5644,51.78426],[126.93916,51.35389],[127.28746,50.7398],[127.65741,49.76027]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"China\"}}]}","volume":"420","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcefe4b0c8380cd4e517","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, M.","contributorId":33912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Li, S.","contributorId":41969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okaya, N.","contributorId":41201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okaya","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Detweiler, Shane T. 0000-0001-5699-011X shane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5699-011X","contributorId":680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detweiler","given":"Shane","email":"shane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028233,"text":"70028233 - 2006 - Kittiwakes strategically reduce investment in replacement clutches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-04T15:39:33.483124","indexId":"70028233","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3174,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kittiwakes strategically reduce investment in replacement clutches","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many life-history traits are expressed interactively in life, but to a varying extent on different occasions. Changes in trait expression can be accounted for by differences in the quality of the environment (‘environmental constraint’ hypothesis) or by strategic adjustments, if the relative contribution of the trait to fitness varies with time (‘strategic allocation’ hypothesis). In birds, egg production is lower in replacement clutches than in first clutches, but it is unknown whether this reduction results from an environmental constraint (e.g. food being less available at the time when the replacement clutch is produced) or from a strategic allocation of resources between the two breeding attempts. To distinguish between these two hypotheses, we performed an experiment with black-legged kittiwakes (</span><i>Rissa tridactyla</i><span>). Pairs were either food-supplemented or not before the first clutch was laid onwards and we induced them to produce a replacement clutch by removing eggs once when the first clutch was complete. As predicted by the ‘strategic allocation’ hypothesis, egg production of food-supplemented and non-food-supplemented birds decreased between first and replacement clutches. This suggests that kittiwakes strategically reduce investment in egg production for their replacement clutches compared to first clutches.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2005.3457","usgsCitation":"Gasparini, J., Roulin, A., Gill, V., Hatch, S.A., and Boulinier, T., 2006, Kittiwakes strategically reduce investment in replacement clutches: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 273, no. 1593, p. 1551-1554, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3457.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1551","endPage":"1554","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477595,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://iris.unil.ch/handle/iris/109068","text":"External Repository"},{"id":237234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"273","issue":"1593","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40b5e4b0c8380cd64fa2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gasparini, J.","contributorId":75745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gasparini","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roulin, A.","contributorId":54009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roulin","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gill, V.A.","contributorId":35498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boulinier, T.","contributorId":37845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boulinier","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028348,"text":"70028348 - 2006 - Rupture models for the A.D. 900-930 Seattle fault earthquake from uplifted shorelines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T10:06:30","indexId":"70028348","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rupture models for the A.D. 900-930 Seattle fault earthquake from uplifted shorelines","docAbstract":"A major earthquake on the Seattle fault, Washington, ca. A.D. 900-930 was first inferred from uplifted shorelines and tsunami deposits. Despite follow-up geophysical and geological investigations, the rupture parameters of the earthquake and the geometry of the fault are uncertain. Here we estimate the fault geometry, slip direction, and magnitude of the earthquake by modeling shoreline elevation change. The best fitting model geometry is a reverse fault with a shallow roof ramp consisting of at least two back thrusts. The best fitting rupture is a SW-NE ohlique reverse slip with horizontal shortening of 15 m, rupture depth of 12.5 km, and magnitude Mw = 7.5. ?? 2006 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkTitle":"Geology","language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G22173.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"ten Brink, U., Song, J., and Bucknam, R., 2006, Rupture models for the A.D. 900-930 Seattle fault earthquake from uplifted shorelines: Geology, v. 34, no. 7, p. 585-588, https://doi.org/10.1130/G22173.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"585","endPage":"588","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.59619140625001,\n              46.803819640791566\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.72302246093749,\n              46.803819640791566\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.72302246093749,\n              48.70183766127341\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.59619140625001,\n              48.70183766127341\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.59619140625001,\n              46.803819640791566\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaed4e4b0c8380cd8723e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":417629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Song, J.","contributorId":34707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Song","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bucknam, R.C.","contributorId":35744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucknam","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028345,"text":"70028345 - 2006 - Recurrence of postseismic coastal uplift, Kuril subduction zone, Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028345","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recurrence of postseismic coastal uplift, Kuril subduction zone, Japan","docAbstract":"Coastal stratigraphy of eastern Hokkaido indicates that decimeters of coastal uplitt occurred repeatedly m the late Holocene. Employing radiocarbon dating and tephrochronology, we identify along a 100 km length of the Kuril subduction zone six uplift events since ???2,800 years B.P. Uplift events occur at the same frequency as unusually high tsunamis. Each coastal uplift event, which occurs on average every 500 years, is the product of decade-long post seismic deep slip on the down dip extension of the seismogenic plate boundary following an offshore multi-segment earthquake that generates unusually high tsunamis. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006GL026052","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Kelsey, H., Satake, K., Sawai, Y., Sherrod, B., Shimokawa, K., and Shishikura, M., 2006, Recurrence of postseismic coastal uplift, Kuril subduction zone, Japan: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, no. 13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026052.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210026,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026052"},{"id":236821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a360e4b0e8fec6cdb850","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelsey, H.","contributorId":84556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelsey","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Satake, K.","contributorId":53124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Satake","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sawai, Y.","contributorId":47510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sawai","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sherrod, B.","contributorId":98510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shimokawa, K.","contributorId":29614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shimokawa","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shishikura, M.","contributorId":27239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shishikura","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028344,"text":"70028344 - 2006 - Peak flow responses to landscape disturbances caused by the cataclysmic 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-08T11:20:00","indexId":"70028344","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Peak flow responses to landscape disturbances caused by the cataclysmic 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"<p><span>Years of discharge measurements that precede and follow the cataclysmic 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, provide an exceptional opportunity to examine the responses of peak flows to abrupt, widespread, devastating landscape disturbance. Multiple basins surrounding Mount St. Helens (300–1300 km</span><sup>2&nbsp;</sup><span>drainage areas) were variously disturbed by: (1) a debris avalanche that buried 60 km</span><sup>2</sup><span> of valley; (2) a lateral volcanic blast and associated pyroclastic flow that destroyed 550 km</span><sup>2</sup><span> of mature forest and blanketed the landscape with silt-capped lithic tephra; (3) debris flows that reamed riparian corridors and deposited tens to hundreds of centimeters of gravelly sand on valley floors; and (4) a Plinian tephra fall that blanketed areas proximal to the volcano with up to tens of centimeters of pumiceous silt, sand, and gravel. The spatially complex disturbances produced a variety of potentially compensating effects that interacted with and influenced hydrological responses. Changes to water transfer on hillslopes and to flow storage and routing along channels both enhanced and retarded runoff. Rapid post-eruption modifications of hillslope surface textures, adjustments of channel networks, and vegetation recovery, in conjunction with the complex nature of the eruptive impacts and strong seasonal variability in regional climate hindered a consistent or persistent shift in peak discharges. Overall, we detected a short-lived (5–10 yr) increase in the magnitudes of autumn and winter peak flows. In general, peak flows were larger, and moderate to large flows (&gt;</span><i>Q</i><sub>2 yr</sub><span>) were more substantively affected than predicted by early modeling efforts. Proportional increases in the magnitudes of both small and large flows in basins subject to severe channel disturbances, but not in basins subject solely to hillslope disturbances, suggest that eruption-induced modifications to flow efficiency along alluvial channels that have very mobile beds differentially affected flows of various magnitudes and likely played a prominent, and additional, role affecting the nature of the hydrological response.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B25914.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Major, J.J., and Mark, L.E., 2006, Peak flow responses to landscape disturbances caused by the cataclysmic 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 118, no. 7-8, p. 938-958, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25914.1.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"938","endPage":"958","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.96173095703125,\n              45.539060482134495\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.96173095703125,\n              46.81133924039194\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.52252197265626,\n              46.81133924039194\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.52252197265626,\n              45.539060482134495\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.96173095703125,\n              45.539060482134495\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"118","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a760de4b0c8380cd77ec9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mark, Linda E.","contributorId":177476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mark","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":417610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028299,"text":"70028299 - 2006 - Ichthyophonus-induced cardiac damage: a mechanism for reduced swimming stamina in salmonids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T14:39:04","indexId":"70028299","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ichthyophonus-induced cardiac damage: a mechanism for reduced swimming stamina in salmonids","docAbstract":"<p>Swimming stamina, measured as time-to-fatigue, was reduced by approximately two-thirds in rainbow trout experimentally infected with Ichthyophonus. Intensity of Ichthyophonus infection was most severe in cardiac muscle but multiple organs were infected to a lesser extent. The mean heart weight of infected fish was 40% greater than that of uninfected fish, the result of parasite biomass, infiltration of immune cells and fibrotic (granuloma) tissue surrounding the parasite. Diminished swimming stamina is hypothesized to be due to cardiac failure resulting from the combination of parasite-damaged heart muscle and low myocardial oxygen supply during sustained aerobic exercise. Loss of stamina in Ichthyophonus-infected salmonids could explain the poor performance previously reported for wild Chinook and sockeye salmon stocks during their spawning migration. ?? 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00745.x","issn":"01407775","usgsCitation":"Kocan, R., LaPatra, S., Gregg, J., Winton, J., and Hershberger, P., 2006, Ichthyophonus-induced cardiac damage: a mechanism for reduced swimming stamina in salmonids: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 29, no. 9, p. 521-527, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00745.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"521","endPage":"527","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477605,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.549.8084","text":"External Repository"},{"id":210269,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00745.x"},{"id":237138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3802e4b0c8380cd61377","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kocan, R.","contributorId":95665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocan","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaPatra, S.","contributorId":29641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPatra","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gregg, J.","contributorId":27662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winton, J.","contributorId":55627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hershberger, P.","contributorId":64826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028170,"text":"70028170 - 2006 - Mountain hydrology of the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T12:45:48","indexId":"70028170","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mountain hydrology of the western United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Climate change and climate variability, population growth, and land use change drive the need for new hydrologic knowledge and understanding. In the mountainous West and other similar areas worldwide, three pressing hydrologic needs stand out: first, to better understand the processes controlling the partitioning of energy and water fluxes within and out from these systems; second, to better understand feedbacks between hydrological fluxes and biogeochemical and ecological processes; and, third, to enhance our physical and empirical understanding with integrated measurement strategies and information systems. We envision an integrative approach to monitoring, modeling, and sensing the mountain environment that will improve understanding and prediction of hydrologic fluxes and processes. Here extensive monitoring of energy fluxes and hydrologic states are needed to supplement existing measurements, which are largely limited to streamflow and snow water equivalent. Ground‐based observing systems must be explicitly designed for integration with remotely sensed data and for scaling up to basins and whole ranges.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004387","usgsCitation":"Bales, R.C., Molotch, N.P., Painter, T.H., Dettinger, M., Rice, R., and Dozier, J., 2006, Mountain hydrology of the western United States: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 8, Article W08432; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004387.","productDescription":"Article W08432; 13 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477359,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004387","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5eb5e4b0c8380cd70c02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, Roger C.","contributorId":189659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bales","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Molotch, Noah P. 0000-0003-4733-8060","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4733-8060","contributorId":203466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Molotch","given":"Noah","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36627,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":416888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Painter, Thomas H.","contributorId":193067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Painter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":146383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael D.","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rice, Robert","contributorId":149915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rice","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dozier, Jeff","contributorId":190695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dozier","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028171,"text":"70028171 - 2006 - Relative contributions of transient and steady state infiltration during ephemeral streamflow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T13:55:19","indexId":"70028171","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative contributions of transient and steady state infiltration during ephemeral streamflow","docAbstract":"<p><span>Simulations of infiltration during three ephemeral streamflow events in a coarse‐grained alluvial channel overlying a less permeable basin‐fill layer were conducted to determine the relative contribution of transient infiltration at the onset of streamflow to cumulative infiltration for the event. Water content, temperature, and piezometric measurements from 2.5‐m vertical profiles within the alluvial sediments were used to constrain a variably saturated water flow and heat transport model. Simulated and measured transient infiltration rates at the onset of streamflow were about two to three orders of magnitude greater than steady state infiltration rates. The duration of simulated transient infiltration ranged from 1.8 to 20 hours, compared with steady state flow periods of 231 to 307 hours. Cumulative infiltration during the transient period represented 10 to 26% of the total cumulative infiltration, with an average contribution of approximately 18%. Cumulative infiltration error for the simulated streamflow events ranged from 9 to 25%. Cumulative infiltration error for typical streamflow events of about 8 hours in duration in is about 90%. This analysis indicates that when estimating total cumulative infiltration in coarse‐grained ephemeral stream channels, consideration of the transient infiltration at the onset of streamflow will improve predictions of the total volume of infiltration that may become groundwater recharge.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004049","usgsCitation":"Blasch, K.W., Ferré, T., Hoffmann, J.P., and Fleming, J.B., 2006, Relative contributions of transient and steady state infiltration during ephemeral streamflow: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 8, Article W08405; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004049.","productDescription":"Article W08405; 13 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477358,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004049","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa67be4b0c8380cd84e9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blasch, Kyle W. 0000-0002-0590-0724 kblasch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0590-0724","contributorId":1631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blasch","given":"Kyle","email":"kblasch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferré, Ty P.A.","contributorId":35647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferré","given":"Ty P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffmann, John P. jphoffma@usgs.gov","contributorId":1337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"John","email":"jphoffma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":416896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleming, John B.","contributorId":33788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028343,"text":"70028343 - 2006 - Derivation of planetary topography using multi-image shape-from-shading","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-11T08:15:07","indexId":"70028343","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Derivation of planetary topography using multi-image shape-from-shading","docAbstract":"<p>In many cases, the derivation of high-resolution digital terrain models (DTMs) from planetary surfaces using conventional digital image matching is a problem. The matching methods need at least one stereo pair of images with sufficient texture. However, many space missions provide only a few stereo images and planetary surfaces often possess insufficient texture. This paper describes a method for the generation of high-resolution DTMs from planetary surfaces, which has the potential to overcome the described problem. The suggested method, developed by our group, is based on shape-from-shading using an arbitrary number of digital optical images, and is termed \"multi-image shape-from-shading\" (MI-SFS). The paper contains an explanation of the theory of MI-SFS, followed by a presentation of current results, which were obtained using images from NASA's lunar mission Clementine, and constitute the first practical application with our method using extraterrestrial imagery. The lunar surface is reconstructed under the assumption of different kinds of reflectance models (e.g. Lommel-Seeliger and Lambert). The represented results show that the derivation of a high-resolution DTM of real digital planetary images by means of MI-SFS is feasible.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2006.03.002","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"Lohse, V., Heipke, C., and Kirk, R.L., 2006, Derivation of planetary topography using multi-image shape-from-shading: Planetary and Space Science, v. 54, no. 7, p. 661-674, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2006.03.002.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"661","endPage":"674","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fedde4b0c8380cd4ef7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohse, Volker","contributorId":211327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lohse","given":"Volker","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heipke, Christian","contributorId":211328,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heipke","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028172,"text":"70028172 - 2006 - Impact of eutrophication on shallow marine benthic foraminifers over the last 150 years in Osaka Bay, Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-20T10:44:31","indexId":"70028172","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of eutrophication on shallow marine benthic foraminifers over the last 150 years in Osaka Bay, Japan","docAbstract":"<p>High-resolution foraminiferal analysis was conducted on a short sediment core from the inner part of Osaka Bay, Japan. Changes in foraminiferal assemblages were associated with eutrophication, bottom water hypoxia, and changes in red tide-causing algae. Before the 1920s, the calcareous species <i>Ammonia beccarii</i>, and the agglutinated species <i>Eggerella advena</i> and <i>Trochammina hadai</i> were rare, but calcareous foraminifers in general were abundant. Between the 1920s and 1940s, calcareous foraminifers decreased abruptly in abundance, while <i>A</i>. <i>beccarii</i>, <i>E</i>. <i>advena</i> and <i>T</i>. <i>hadai</i> increased in abundance. This faunal change corresponded in time to an increase in nutrients flowing in through the Yodo River, and bottom water hypoxia related to eutrophication. In the 1960s and 1970s, <i>A. beccarii</i>, <i>E</i>. <i>advena</i> and <i>T</i>. <i>hadai</i> further increased in abundance to become dominant, and many calcareous foraminifers nearly disappeared, corresponding to increasing bottom water hypoxia related to the rapid increase in discharged nutrients during the high economic growth period from 1953 to 1971. After the 1990s, <i>A. beccarii</i> decreased rapidly in abundance and <i>E</i>. <i>advena</i> and <i>Uvigerinella glabra</i> increased in abundance. The main components of red tide-causing algae changed from dinoflagellates to diatoms in the 1980s through 1990s, thus there was a change in the food supply to the benthos, which may have caused the increase in abundance of <i>E. advena</i> and <i>U. glabra</i>.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2006.06.001","issn":"03778398","usgsCitation":"Tsujimoto, A., Nomura, R., Yasuhara, M., Yamazaki, H., and Yoshikawa, S., 2006, Impact of eutrophication on shallow marine benthic foraminifers over the last 150 years in Osaka Bay, Japan: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 60, no. 4, p. 258-268, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2006.06.001.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"268","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210395,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2006.06.001"}],"volume":"60","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38bae4b0c8380cd61682","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tsujimoto, Akira","contributorId":58448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsujimoto","given":"Akira","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nomura, Ritsuo","contributorId":16633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nomura","given":"Ritsuo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yasuhara, Moriaki","contributorId":37935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yasuhara","given":"Moriaki","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yamazaki, Hideo","contributorId":40791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamazaki","given":"Hideo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yoshikawa, Shusaku","contributorId":97302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshikawa","given":"Shusaku","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028173,"text":"70028173 - 2006 - Chlorine toxicity to early life stages of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028173","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Chlorine toxicity to early life stages of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae)","docAbstract":"Chlorine (Cl) is a highly toxic, widely used halogen disinfectant that is present in point-source pollution discharges from wastewater treatment plants and industrial facilities. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency freshwater criteria for Cl are 19 ??g total residual Cl (TRC)/L as a maximum 1-h average concentration and 11 ??g TRC/L as a maximum 4-d average; however, toxicological data for unionids were not used in these calculations. To address this void in the data, we conducted acute tests with glochidia from several species and 21-d bioassays with three-month-old Epioblasma capsaeformis and three-, six-, and 12-month-old Villosa iris juveniles. The 24-h lethal concentration 50 values for glochidia were between 70 and 220 ??g TRC/L, which are 2.5 to 37 times higher than those reported in other studies for cladocerans. Significant declines in growth and survivorship were observed in the 21-d test with E. capsaeformis at 20 ??g TRC/L. Lowest-observed-adverse- effects concentrations in bioassays with juvenile V. iris were higher (30-60 ??g TRC/L) but showed a significant trend of declining toxicity with increased age. Although endpoints were above water quality criteria, the long life spans of unionids and potential implications of chronic exposure to endangered juvenile mussels still warrant concern. ?? 2006 SETAC.","largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","language":"English","doi":"10.1897/05-527R1.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Valenti, T., Cherry, D., Currie, R., Neves, R.J., Jones, J.W., Mair, R., and Kane, C., 2006, Chlorine toxicity to early life stages of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae), <i>in</i> Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 25, no. 9, p. 2512-2518, https://doi.org/10.1897/05-527R1.1.","startPage":"2512","endPage":"2518","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210396,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/05-527R1.1"},{"id":237301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5cce4b0c8380cd4c414","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valenti, T.W.","contributorId":7905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valenti","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cherry, D.S.","contributorId":87321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Currie, R.J.","contributorId":99362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Currie","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neves, R. J.","contributorId":30936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neves","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jones, J. W.","contributorId":89233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mair, R.","contributorId":49174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mair","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kane, C.M.","contributorId":20140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70028184,"text":"70028184 - 2006 - Foraging patterns and prey selection in an increasing and expanding sea otter population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028184","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraging patterns and prey selection in an increasing and expanding sea otter population","docAbstract":"Focal observations of sea otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) foraging patterns and prey selection were collected in coastal Washington between 1993 and 1999. Records consisted of 13,847 individual dives from 841 feeding bouts ranging from 1 min to >4 h. Average dive time was 55 s ?? 0.9 SE and average surface time was 45 s ?? 2.3 SE, irrespective of dive success. At least 77% of all dives (n = 10,636) were successful prey captures (dives in low light or of undetermined success were excluded). Prey capture success was significantly lower for subadults (63% ?? 5 SE) than adults (82% ?? 1 SE; P < 0.001). Sea otters occupying the established population range on the outer coast of Washington fed heavily on bivalves (63%) and had a diverse diet consisting of several prey groups (n = 10). In contrast, sea otters occupying new habitat in the Strait of Juan de Fuca had a restricted diet dominated by >60% red urchins (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus), with only 2 other prey species comprising >10% of their diet. Prey size and prey category were dominant predictor variables in generalized linear models of dive duration and postdive surface duration on successful dives. Significant increases in areal extent of surface canopy of giant kelp (Macrocystis integrifolia) and bull kelp (Nereocystis leutkeana) were found both in the outer coast and the Strait of Juan de Fuca (0.4-0.5 km2 per year, P < 0.05) and suggest increasing suitable habitat for a growing population. The growth and expansion of a small and isolated sea otter population provides a unique opportunity to examine the relationship between dietary diversity and population status and explore similarities and differences between trophic paradigms established for sea otter populations at other localities. ?? 2006 American Society of Mammalogists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/05-MAMM-A-244R2.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Laidre, K., and Jameson, R., 2006, Foraging patterns and prey selection in an increasing and expanding sea otter population: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 87, no. 4, p. 799-807, https://doi.org/10.1644/05-MAMM-A-244R2.1.","startPage":"799","endPage":"807","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477366,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/05-mamm-a-244r2.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210124,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/05-MAMM-A-244R2.1"},{"id":236950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12ffe4b0c8380cd5449a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laidre, K.L.","contributorId":88319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laidre","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jameson, R.J.","contributorId":56581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jameson","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}