As human development continues to expand, wildlife must relocate or adapt to survive. Many mammalian mesopredators, such as the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), have adapted to living alongside human development. Furthermore, top-down predation pressure may be altered in nuanced ways within the human environment. Species such as opossums may be shielded from predation by human development or behavioral changes in predators. Understanding how dominant and subordinate mesopredators co-exist across natural and developed areas will provide insight into how wildlife communities are structured. Our objective was to evaluate how opossum occupancy, abundance, and activity were associated with human development and the relative abundance of their predators. We used data from a nationwide camera trapping study, Snapshot USA, to estimate opossum occupancy, abundance, and activity. We related these measures to the surrounding landscape and urbanization variables. We found that opossum occupancy was positively associated with anthropogenic sound (a surrogate for human activity). Furthermore, opossums in heavily forested areas were more likely to be detected in locations with higher predicted anthropogenic sounds. In areas with a high density of human housing, opossum relative abundance increased when predator abundance increased. We also found opossums were strictly nocturnal and shifted their activity to earlier in the evening in the presence of high predator abundance. Our results suggest that humans and their urban development can have multidimensional impacts on opossum behavior and occurrence, and could facilitate changes in predator–prey dynamics. Future research should evaluate if the association of opossums with urban areas is due to human-subsidized resources or caused by reduced mortality from altered predator–prey dynamics.
The central Idaho metallogenic province hosts numerous mineral deposit types. These include Late Cretaceous precious-polymetallic vein deposits, amagmatic Paleocene–Eocene breccia-hosted gold-tungsten-antimony deposits, and Eocene mercury deposits in metasedimentary roof pendants and in Late Cretaceous granitoids. Hot-springs gold deposits in Eocene volcanic rocks are also included in the central Idaho province. New sensitive high mass-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) uranium-lead (U-Pb) ages for igneous rocks and for detrital zircon analyses of metasedimentary rocks along with geologic mapping clarify the geologic framework of the mineral deposits. This framework includes (1) structural controls for regional distribution of mining districts, (2) progressive structural development of individual districts, (3) regional sedimentary facies and their control of metals associations resulting in regional belts, and (4) influences of the several regional magmatic events.
In central Idaho, 15 mining districts form two clusters that are grouped about a 200-kilometer (km) long system of normal faults. The northwestern cluster is in the regional hanging wall west of large, west-side-down faults, and the mineral deposits are located along smaller faults and fractures that cut the regional hanging wall. The southeastern cluster is in the regional hanging wall east of a linked large east-side-down fault and along and controlled by related hanging wall faults. At the southern extent of the regional fault system, the Yellow Pine-Thunder Mountain districts span a nearly 24-km-wide, east-tilted crustal block of normal-fault dominoes, exposing original crustal depths from 5 to 10 km deep on the west in the Late Cretaceous to shallow-surface depths on the east in the Eocene.
Ore deposition in the northwestern district cluster was primarily Late Cretaceous and related to Idaho batholith plutons with only a single deposit related to a small Eocene intrusion; in the southeastern cluster, most deposits were initiated in the Late Cretaceous but with varying manifestations of overprinted Eocene mineralization activity. In the Yellow Pine-Thunder Mountain districts at the southern extent of the southern cluster, several mineralizing pulses occurred during hanging-wall collapse, such that (1) early deposits were multiply overprinted and (2) deposit depths, ages, and structural characteristics change progressively eastward. Originally deep-seated western Yellow Pine district deposits are Late Cretaceous viscoplastic mesothermal veins overprinted by Paleocene and Eocene breccia-hosted epithermal deposits. Central Yellow Pine district deposits contain early deeper vein systems but are primarily Paleocene and Eocene breccia-hosted epithermal deposits in Late Cretaceous plutonic rocks and Proterozoic–Paleozoic roof pendant rocks. Eastern district deposits are Eocene hot-springs-related deposits in the roof pendant. Thunder Mountain deposits farthest east are near-surface hot-springs deposits in Eocene volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks that overlie buried Cretaceous igneous and older roof pendant rocks.
The mining district clusters are sited across several northwest-striking paleostratigraphic belts that are exposed in roof pendants and are offset by the regional normal fault system. A northeastern belt is Mesoproterozoic strata associated with gold-silver-copper±cobalt deposits. A central belt of Neoproterozoic rocks is not associated with mineral deposits in the central Idaho mineral province. A southwestern belt composed of probable Paleozoic deep-water miogeoclinal slope rocks and late Paleozoic epicratonic basinal rocks is thin and narrowly exposed but associated with gold-silver-antimony-tungsten±mercury deposits. These metasedimentary rocks (and their metal associations) are parts of regional mineral belts in which metal endowments are related to particular sedimentary facies belts and their Cretaceous thrust-fault juxtaposition and where these features have proximity to Late Cretaceous or Eocene igneous rocks. Offset and preservation or erosional stripping of these facies belts, thrust plates, igneous settings, and the associated regional mineral belts were controlled by the sense and magnitude of displacements across the regional normal-fault system.
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Restoring degraded river systems is an enormous challenge, especially given the uncertainty in a time of climate change. Here, Roy Petrakis explains how restoration approaches informed by remote sensing and a climate adaptation framework increase the potential for overall success. He discusses research being done on the Gila River as a case study of how it might work.
","language":"English","publisher":"Global Water Forum","usgsCitation":"Petrakis, R., 2023, Riparian vegetation response amid variable climate conditions across the Upper Gila River watershed: informing Tribal restoration priorities: Global Water Forum, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-155917","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421077,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":421045,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.globalwaterforum.org/2023/08/29/riparian-vegetation-response-amid-variable-climate-conditions-across-the-upper-gila-river-watershed-informing-tribal-restoration-priorities/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Upper Gila River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.2150413407472,\n 33.921819242248176\n ],\n [\n -112.15304164609323,\n 32.62606143590165\n ],\n [\n -107.9990621042783,\n 32.10231560964455\n ],\n [\n -107.9990621042783,\n 33.880663865600326\n ],\n [\n -112.2150413407472,\n 33.921819242248176\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petrakis, Roy E. 0000-0001-8932-077X rpetrakis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8932-077X","contributorId":174623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrakis","given":"Roy","email":"rpetrakis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70247959,"text":"70247959 - 2023 - Improvements and evaluation of the agro-hydrologic VegET model for large-area water budget analysis and drought monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-29T14:48:08.706864","indexId":"70247959","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-29T09:26:17","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10778,"text":"Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improvements and evaluation of the agro-hydrologic VegET model for large-area water budget analysis and drought monitoring","docAbstract":"We enhanced the agro-hydrologic VegET model to include snow accumulation and melt processes and the separation of runoff into surface runoff and deep drainage. Driven by global weather datasets and parameterized by land surface phenology (LSP), the enhanced VegET model was implemented in the cloud to simulate daily soil moisture (SM), actual evapotranspiration (ETa), and runoff (R) for the conterminous United States (CONUS) and the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA). Evaluation of the VegET model with independent data showed satisfactory performance, capturing the temporal variability of SM (Pearson correlation r: 0.22–0.97), snowpack (r: 0.86–0.88), ETa (r: 0.41–0.97), and spatial variability of R (r: 0.81–0.90). Absolute magnitudes showed some biases, indicating the need of calibrating the model for water budget analysis. The seasonal Landscape Water Requirement Satisfaction Index (L-WRSI) for CONUS and GHA showed realistic depictions of drought hazard extent and severity, indicating the usefulness of the L-WRSI for the convergence of an evidence toolkit used by the Famine Early Warning System Network to monitor potential food insecurity conditions in different parts of the world. Using projected weather datasets and landcover-based LSP, the VegET model can be used not only for global monitoring of drought conditions, but also for evaluating scenarios on the effect of a changing climate and land cover on agriculture and water resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/hydrology10080168","usgsCitation":"Senay, G.B., Kagone, S., Parrish, G.E., Khand, K., Boiko, O., and Velpuri, N., 2023, Improvements and evaluation of the agro-hydrologic VegET model for large-area water budget analysis and drought monitoring: Hydrology, v. 10, no. 8, 168, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology10080168.","productDescription":"168, 26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-155571","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442273,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology10080168","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ILC6RP","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"VegET v2.0 illustrative products and 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parrish, Gabriel Edwin Lee 0000-0003-4078-3516","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4078-3516","contributorId":267751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parrish","given":"Gabriel","email":"","middleInitial":"Edwin Lee","affiliations":[{"id":55490,"text":"Innovate! Inc., Contractor to the USGS EROS Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Khand, Kul Bikram 0000-0002-1593-1508","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1593-1508","contributorId":259185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Khand","given":"Kul Bikram","affiliations":[{"id":52326,"text":"AFDS, Contractor to USGS ERSOS Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boiko, Olena 0000-0002-2007-7852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-7852","contributorId":272079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boiko","given":"Olena","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56343,"text":"KBR, Contractor to USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Velpuri, Naga Manohar 0000-0002-6370-1926","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":222983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Velpuri","given":"Naga Manohar","affiliations":[{"id":40633,"text":"CIGAR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70247956,"text":"70247956 - 2023 - Methane pore accessibility, densification, and accommodation by organic matter in the Niobrara Formation at wet-gas thermal maturity conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-06T16:38:03.899689","indexId":"70247956","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-29T08:51:17","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methane pore accessibility, densification, and accommodation by organic matter in the Niobrara Formation at wet-gas thermal maturity conditions","docAbstract":"Petroleum within unconventional source-rock reservoirs is hosted in organic matter and mineral pore space as well as in voids and microfractures. Recent work has shown that for source-rock reservoirs in the dry gas window, significant portions of methane (CH4), the main component of petroleum at elevated maturities, can be stored within fine (<5 nm) organic matter porosity. However, within reservoirs at lower thermal maturities (e.g., peak oil or wet-gas conditions), the distribution and behavior of CH4 and the higher alkanes that comprise gas condensates across pore sizes is unclear, especially for pores with diameters <50 nm. Understanding CH4 distribution within these settings provides insight for petroleum generation, movement, and recoverability, ultimately enabling increased accuracy of estimated ultimate recovery. Here wide Q-range total neutron scattering was used to evaluate perdeuterated methane (CD4) behavior at reservoir pressures (200–750 bar) and temperature (60 °C) in a sample at the late oil/wet gas thermal maturity stage from the Late Cretaceous Niobrara Formation, an active petroleum producing formation within the Denver-Julesburg Basin, U.S.
Neutron scattering data show that mesopores within the Niobrara Formation sample exhibit mass fractal scattering, similar to previously measured U.S. marine shale samples. In the presence of CD4, scattering intensities between Q = 0.02–0.1 Å−1 (corresponding to nominal pore diameters from 25 to 5 nm, respectively) decrease with increased pressure up to 750 bar where at least 80% of all pores with ~25 nm diameters are CD4 accessible. In contrast, between Q = 0.1–1 Å−1 (corresponding to nominal pore diameters from 5 to 0.5 nm, respectively), scattering intensity initially increased at the lowest CD4 pressure tested (200 bar) before decreasing with increasing pressure. These signal fluctuations with CD4 pressure are interpreted to arise from the creation of pores with diameters <5 nm, likely through deformation of solid bitumen by supercritical CD4, and/or the incorporation of CD4 within sample organic matter. This new porosity represents an increase of at least ~8% in available pore volume within the sample, although the majority of these pores do not persist following removal of CD4. Additionally, there is strong evidence for densification of CD4 within the sample indicated by a shift in the CD4 intermolecular scattering peak to higher Q-values compared to bulk CD4. These results provide insight into fluid properties within source-rock reservoirs at late oil/wet gas thermal maturities, especially as they relate to organic porosity interconnectivity, and are discussed with perspective toward pressure management of gas condensate wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2023.104349","usgsCitation":"Jubb, A., Ruppert, L., Youngs, T.G., Headen, T., Birdwell, J.E., Cheshire, M., and Stokes, M., 2023, Methane pore accessibility, densification, and accommodation by organic matter in the Niobrara Formation at wet-gas thermal maturity conditions: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 277, 104349, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2023.104349.","productDescription":"104349, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-154727","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442277,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2023.104349","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":420235,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Denver-Julesburg Basin, Niobrara Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.02880665370498,\n 42.072937510618914\n ],\n [\n -106.02880665370498,\n 38.95504946256716\n ],\n [\n -100.78377317259927,\n 38.95504946256716\n ],\n [\n -100.78377317259927,\n 42.072937510618914\n ],\n [\n -106.02880665370498,\n 42.072937510618914\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"277","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jubb, Aaron M. 0000-0001-6875-1079","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-1079","contributorId":201978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jubb","given":"Aaron M.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruppert, Leslie F. 0000-0002-7453-1061","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-1061","contributorId":242600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Leslie F.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Youngs, Tristan G. A.","contributorId":202502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Youngs","given":"Tristan","email":"","middleInitial":"G. A.","affiliations":[{"id":36465,"text":"Disordered Materials Group (ISIS), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Headen, Tom","contributorId":328770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Headen","given":"Tom","affiliations":[{"id":78486,"text":"ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cheshire, Michael","contributorId":328771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheshire","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78487,"text":"Chevron Technology Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stokes, Martha 0000-0002-2838-8380","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2838-8380","contributorId":269608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stokes","given":"Martha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70247962,"text":"70247962 - 2023 - Exploring the interior of Europa with the Europa Clipper","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-29T13:48:55.146919","indexId":"70247962","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-29T08:36:12","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3454,"text":"Space Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploring the interior of Europa with the Europa Clipper","docAbstract":"The Galileo mission to Jupiter revealed that Europa is an ocean world. The Galileo magnetometer experiment in particular provided strong evidence for a salty subsurface ocean beneath the ice shell, likely in contact with the rocky core. Within the ice shell and ocean, a number of tectonic and geodynamic processes may operate today or have operated at some point in the past, including solid ice convection, diapirism, subsumption, and interstitial lake formation.
The science objectives of the Europa Clipper mission include the characterization of Europa’s interior; confirmation of the presence of a subsurface ocean; identification of constraints on the depth to this ocean, and on its salinity and thickness; and determination of processes of material exchange between the surface, ice shell, and ocean.
Three broad categories of investigation are planned to interrogate different aspects of the subsurface structure and properties of the ice shell and ocean: magnetic induction, subsurface radar sounding, and tidal deformation. These investigations are supplemented by several auxiliary measurements. Alone, each of these investigations will reveal unique information. Together, the synergy between these investigations will expose the secrets of the Europan interior in unprecedented detail, an essential step in evaluating the habitability of this ocean world.
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by the spread of non-native invasive species. Many studies demonstrate that invasions reduce local biodiversity but we lack an understanding of how impacts vary across environments at the macroscale. Using ~11,500 vegetation surveys from ecosystems across the United States, we quantified how the relationship between non-native plant cover and native plant diversity varied across different compositions of invading plants (measured by non-native plant richness and evenness) and environmental contexts (measured by productivity and human activity).
Continental United States.
Surveys from 1990s-present.
Terrestrial plant communities.
We fit mixed effects models to understand how native plant richness, diversity and evenness varied with non-native cover. We tested how this relationship varied when non-native cover interacted with non-native plant richness and evenness, and with productivity and human activity.
Across the United States, communities with greater cover of non-native plants had lower native plant richness and diversity but higher evenness, suggesting rare native plants can be lost while dominant plants decline in abundance. The relationship between non-native cover and native community diversity varied with non-native plant richness and evenness but was not associated with productivity and human activity. Negative associations were strongest in areas with low non-native richness and evenness, characterizing plant communities that were invaded by a dominant non-native plant.
Non-native plant cover provides a first approximation of invasion impacts on native community diversity, but the magnitude of impact depended on non-native plant richness and evenness. Relationships between non-native cover and native diversity were consistent in strength across continental scale gradients of productivity and human activity. Therefore, at the macroscale, invasive plant impacts on native plant communities likely depend more on the characteristics of the invading plants, that is the presence of a dominant invader, than on the environmental context.
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Ines","contributorId":236833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ibanez","given":"Ines","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":887639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Petri, Laís","contributorId":331416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petri","given":"Laís","affiliations":[{"id":37387,"text":"University of Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Vilà, Montserrat","contributorId":331419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vilà","given":"Montserrat","affiliations":[{"id":64996,"text":"University of Sevilla","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Bradley, Bethany A. 0000-0003-4912-4971","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4912-4971","contributorId":299998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Bethany A.","affiliations":[{"id":64995,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70248868,"text":"70248868 - 2023 - Potential economic consequences along migratory flyways from reductions in breeding habitat of migratory waterbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-03T16:34:21.911286","indexId":"70248868","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-29T07:17:48","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential economic consequences along migratory flyways from reductions in breeding habitat of migratory waterbirds","docAbstract":"The migration of species, often across continents, makes it difficult to quantify the cumulative effects of local- and regional-scale conservation actions. Further, variation in stakeholder interests, differing jurisdictional governance processes, priorities, and monitoring abilities across the migratory range shapes place-specific differences in management actions. These differences may lead management of migratory species to benefit both species and stakeholders in some places more than others. In the case of North American waterfowl, possible reduction of wetland protection in breeding areas may lead to substantive shifts in benefits among stakeholders across their range by adversely affecting recreational viewing and hunting opportunities for these species. To understand possible consequences of wetland loss in the U.S. Prairie Pothole Region, the breeding region for 12 focal species of waterfowl, on the recreation economics for these species, we modeled a causal pathway linking wetland loss in the breeding grounds to changes in duck abundance and then assessed the consequences of that change in abundance on recreational hunting and viewing within migratory flyways. Under a scenario where wetland protections cease, we find annual economic activity associated with recreation may decrease as much as \\$489 million at the highest levels of predicted wetland loss, the majority of it coming from impacts to viewing behavior in the Mississippi Flyway. The number of hunters may decline by as much as 18,000, leading to \\$32 million less in annual economic activity. At highest levels of wetland loss, viewing value is expected to decline by more than one-quarter. Lost economic value associated with reductions in recreation in the Mississippi and Central Flyway states is not likely to be overcome by increases in agricultural economic output in drained wetlands of the Prairie Pothole Region. Our analyses indicate local effects of national water policies likely have far-reaching consequences because of the multi-dimensional connections arising from place-specific differences in management action, global and national agricultural economic drivers of crop expansion, and the biotic phenomena of transcontinental avian migration. Reductions in habitat in one location could ramify to economic consequences throughout the continent through connections fostered by migrating waterfowl.
Assessing the ecological risk of contaminants in the field typically involves consideration of a complex mixture of compounds which may or may not be detected via instrumental analyses. Further, there are insufficient data to predict the potential biological effects of many detected compounds, leading to their being characterized as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Over the past several years, advances in chemistry, toxicology, and bioinformatics have resulted in a variety of concepts and tools that can enhance the pragmatic assessment of the ecological risk of CECs. The present Focus article describes a 10+- year multiagency effort supported through the U.S. Great Lakes Restoration Initiative to assess the occurrence and implications of CECs in the North American Great Lakes. State-of-the-science methods and models were used to evaluate more than 700 sites in about approximately 200 tributaries across lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron, Michigan, and Superior, sometimes on multiple occasions. Studies featured measurement of up to 500 different target analytes in different environmental matrices, coupled with evaluation of biological effects in resident species, animals from in situ and laboratory exposures, and in vitro systems. Experimental taxa included birds, fish, and a variety of invertebrates, and measured endpoints ranged from molecular to apical responses. Data were integrated and evaluated using a diversity of curated knowledgebases and models with the goal of producing actionable insights for risk assessors and managers charged with evaluating and mitigating the effects of CECs in the Great Lakes. This overview is based on research and data captured in approximately about 90 peer-reviewed journal articles and reports, including approximately about 30 appearing in a virtual issue comprised of highlighted papers published in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry or Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2506–2518. © 2023 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Mantle plumes originate at depths near the core−mantle boundary (~2,800 km). As such, they provide invaluable information about the composition of the deep mantle and insight into convection, crustal formation, and crustal recycling, as well as global heat and volatile budgets. In this Review, we discuss the effectiveness and challenges of using isotopic analyses of plume-generated rocks to infer mantle composition and to constrain geodynamic models. Isotopic analyses of plume-derived ocean island basalts, including radiogenic (Sr, Nd, Pb, Hf, W, noble gas) and stable isotopes (Li, C, O, S, Fe, Tl), permit determination of mantle plume composition, which in turn generate insight into mantle plume origins, dynamics, mantle heterogeneities, early-formed mantle reservoirs, crustal recycling processes, core−mantle interactions and mantle evolution. Nevertheless, the magmatic flux, temperature, tectonic environment and compositions of mantle plumes can vary. Consequently, plumes and their melts are best evaluated along a spectrum that acknowledges their different properties, particularly mantle flux, before making interpretations about the interior of the Earth. To provide insight into specific mantle and plume processes, future work should document correlations across elemental and isotopic data sets on the same sample powder, coordinate targeting sampling strategies, and refine stable isotopic fractionation factors through experiments. Such work will benefit from collaboration across geochemical laboratories, as well as among geochemists, mineral physicists, seismologists and geodynamicists.
3D geologic modeling and mapping often relies on gravity modeling to identify key geologic structures, such as basin depth, fault offset, or fault dip. Such gravity models generally assume either homogeneous or spatially uncorrelated densities within modeled rock bodies and overlying sediments, with average densities typically derived from surface and drill-hole sampling. The noise contributed to the gravity anomaly by these density assumptions is zero in the homogeneous case and typically <200 μGal in the uncorrelated case. Rock bodies and sediments, however, show both a range of densities and spatial correlation of these densities, in both surface and drill-hole samples, and this correlation causes an increase in power in the low frequency content of the resulting gravity anomaly. Spatial correlation of densities can be modeled as a Gaussian random field (GRF), with the random field parameters derived from drill-hole and geologic map data. Data from alluvial fan sediments in southern Nevada indicate correlation lengths of up to 300 m in the vertical dimension and kilometers in the horizontal dimension. The resulting GRF density models show that the noise contributed to the measured gravity anomaly is of low frequency and can be several mGal in amplitude, contradicting the common attribution of lower frequencies to deeper sources. This low-frequency noise increases in power with an increase in sediment thickness. Its presence increases the ambiguity of interpretations of subsurface geologic body shape, such as basin analyses that attempt to quantify concealed basement fault depths, offsets, and dip angles. In the southwestern United States, where basin analyses are important for natural resource applications, such ambiguity increases the uncertainty of subsequent process modeling.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.acags.2023.100131","usgsCitation":"Phelps, G., and Cronkite-Ratcliff, C., 2023, Near surface sediments introduce low frequency noise into gravity models: Applied Computing and Geosciences, v. 19, 100131, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acags.2023.100131.","productDescription":"100131, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-146760","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acags.2023.100131","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432029,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phelps, Geoffrey 0000-0003-1958-2736 gphelps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-2736","contributorId":127489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gphelps@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cronkite-Ratcliff, Collin 0000-0001-5485-3832 ccronkite-ratcliff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5485-3832","contributorId":203951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronkite-Ratcliff","given":"Collin","email":"ccronkite-ratcliff@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70248806,"text":"70248806 - 2023 - CGS: Coupled growth and survival model with cohort fairness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-21T11:52:01.073506","indexId":"70248806","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-27T06:46:51","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"CGS: Coupled growth and survival model with cohort fairness","docAbstract":"Omic BON is a thematic Biodiversity Observation Network under the Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON), focused on coordinating the observation of biomolecules in organisms and the environment. Our founding partners include representatives from national, regional, and global observing systems; standards organizations; and data and sample management infrastructures. By coordinating observing strategies, methods, and data flows, Omic BON will facilitate the co-creation of a global omics meta-observatory to generate actionable knowledge. Here, we present key elements of Omic BON's founding charter and first activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/gigascience/giad068","usgsCitation":"Meyer, R., Davies, N., Pitz, K.J., Meyer, C., Samuel, R., Anderson, J., Appeltans, W., Barker, K., Chavez, F.P., Duffy, J., Goodwin, K.D., Hudson, M., Hunter, M., Karstensen, J., Laney, C.M., Leinen, M., Mabee, P., Macklin, J.A., Muller-Karger, F., Pade, N., Pearlman, J., Phillips, L., Provoost, P., Santi, I., Schigel, D., Schriml, L.M., Soccodato, A., Suominen, S., Thibault, K.M., Ung, V., van de Kamp, J., Wallis, E., Walls, R., and Buttigieg, P.L., 2023, The founding charter of the Omic Biodiversity Observation Network (Omic BON): GigaScience, v. 12, giad068, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giad068.","productDescription":"giad068, 6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-150940","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giad068","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":420616,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"http://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, Raissa","contributorId":329438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer","given":"Raissa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78589,"text":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davies, Neil","contributorId":329439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davies","given":"Neil","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78591,"text":"Gump South Pacific Research Station, University of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pitz, Kathleen J.","contributorId":329440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pitz","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37324,"text":"Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, Christopher","contributorId":305801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48006,"text":"National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Samuel, Robyn","contributorId":329441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Samuel","given":"Robyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78592,"text":"School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anderson, Jane","contributorId":329442,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Jane","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40508,"text":"New York University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Appeltans, Ward","contributorId":206673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Appeltans","given":"Ward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":882328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barker, Katharine","contributorId":329443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barker","given":"Katharine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78593,"text":"Global Genome Biodiversity Network, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Chavez, Francisco P.","contributorId":206677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chavez","given":"Francisco","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":882330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Duffy, J. 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2006–15","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-09T16:35:33.967766","indexId":"sir20235059","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-25T13:50:40","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5059","displayTitle":"Modeling the Water-Quality Effects to the Klamath River from Recirculation in Drains and Canals, Oregon and California, 2006–15","title":"Modeling the water-quality effects to the Klamath River from recirculation in drains and canals, Oregon and California, 2006–15","docAbstract":"The potential recirculation of Klamath Strait Drain (hereafter called by its local name, “Klamath Straits Drain”) water into Ady Canal to reduce the drain discharge of high nutrient loads into the Klamath River was assessed by the U.S. Geological Survey for the Bureau of Reclamation. To study the feasibility of recirculation, this investigation evaluated three recirculation scenarios over a 10-year period from 2006 to 2015, as a series of 1-year model simulations. A combination of two existing hydrodynamic, water-temperature, and water-quality models (CE-QUAL-W2) were used, including (1) the Link-Keno reach of the Klamath River, using Klamath Straits Drain as a tributary and for calendar years 2006–11, and (2) the same Link-Keno model used for calendar years 2012–15 in combination with an independent Klamath Straits Drain model from 2012 to 2015. Model simulations using the water-quality models were configured for the base case conditions and three different sets of recirculation scenarios: the maximum year-round recirculation without limits (scenario 1), limited year-round recirculation fixed by the current pipe flow configuration (scenario 2), and limited seasonal recirculation (May–September) also fixed by the current pipe flow configuration (scenario 3).
In the base case, estimates of annual average daily total nitrogen loads and daily total phosphorus loads exported to the Klamath River from the Klamath Straits Drain were as much as 3,060 and 457 pounds per day (lbs/day), respectively. Currently (2023), the Total Maximum Daily Loads allocations for the Klamath Straits Drain are 21 and 268 lbs/day for total phosphorus and total nitrogen, respectively, so these maximum estimates exceed the current Total Maximum Daily Loads by greater than an order of magnitude. With scenario 1, load reductions occurred year-round for all constituents evaluated (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand [BOD5], 5-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand) for the Klamath Straits Drain discharging to the Klamath River. Scenario 2 also had large reductions in total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and BOD5 loads. Substantial reductions did occur for scenario 3 but were constrained to only the active recirculation period from May through September. Despite the restricted period, the average reductions in the annual average daily load for total phosphorus and total nitrogen were 32.1 percent and 26.5 percent, respectively.
The Ady Canal diverts high nutrient loads from the Klamath River, so the loading tradeoffs to the Klamath River between no recirculation and the recirculation scenarios were calculated. On an annual basis, the overall net balance between the Klamath Straits Drain and Ady Canal resulted in more total nitrogen and total phosphorus load reductions to the Klamath River for the three recirculation scenarios than the base case, for most years. In contrast, the net balance for BOD5 loads was higher to the Klamath River for the three recirculation scenarios than the base case, for most years.
With the recirculation scenarios, the optimal recirculation periods to benefit Ady Canal, Klamath River, and Klamath Straits Drain did not always coincide. Recirculation would be most effective at reducing loads toward the Klamath Straits Drain Total Maximum Daily Load allocations in the spring (March–May) of each year. However, recirculation during these months would also increase salinity in the Ady Canal. In summer, recirculation would reduce Klamath Straits Drain loads toward the Total Maximum Daily Load allocations, though recirculation could decrease Klamath River water quality mostly because of decreased withdrawals of Klamath River water by the Ady Canal. Scenario 3 avoided recirculation into Ady Canal in the early spring months when salinity concerns would be the highest, while still decreasing nutrient loads exported from the Klamath Straits Drain to the Klamath River in the summer months.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235059","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Smith, E.A., and Sullivan, A.B., 2023, Modeling the water-quality effects to the Klamath River from recirculation in drains and canals, Oregon and California, 2006–15: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5059, 87 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235059.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 87 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-131325","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420409,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235059/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2023-5059"},{"id":420166,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5059/sir20235059.XML"},{"id":420165,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5059/images"},{"id":420163,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5059/sir20235059.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023-5059"},{"id":420162,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5059/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":500940,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115220.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":420167,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RWP4F9","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"CE–QUAL–W2 water-quality models for Klamath Straits Drain recirculation scenarios, Klamath River, Oregon, 2006–15"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.21689162756053,\n 42.44595704887348\n ],\n [\n -122.21689162756053,\n 41.58110381721761\n ],\n [\n -121.27247261442969,\n 41.58110381721761\n ],\n [\n -121.27247261442969,\n 42.44595704887348\n ],\n [\n -122.21689162756053,\n 42.44595704887348\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
601 SW 2nd Avenue, Suite 1950
Portland, OR 97204
The 1973 Oklahoma Groundwater Law (Oklahoma Statutes §82–1020.5) requires that the Oklahoma Water Resources Board conduct hydrologic investigations of the State’s aquifers to determine the maximum annual yield for each groundwater basin. Because more than 20 years have elapsed since the final order was issued, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board, conducted an updated hydrologic investigation and evaluated the effects of potential groundwater withdrawals on groundwater flow and availability in reaches 3 and 4 of the Washita River aquifer in southern Oklahoma for a study period spanning 1980–2017. A hydrogeologic framework and conceptual model were developed to guide the construction and calibration of a numerical model of the Washita River aquifer. The numerical model was calibrated to water-table-altitude observations at selected wells, base-flow observations at selected U.S. Geological Survey streamgages, and the conceptual-model recharge.
Three types of groundwater-availability scenarios were run using the calibrated numerical model. These scenarios were used to (1) estimate equal-proportionate-share pumping rates, (2) quantify the potential effects of projected well withdrawals on groundwater storage over a 50-year period, and (3) simulate the potential effects of a hypothetical 10-year drought. With Washita River main-stem inflows, the 20-, 40-, and 50-year equal-proportionate-share pumping rates under normal recharge conditions were about 3.08 acre-feet per acre per year for reach 3 and about 3.80 acre-feet per acre per year for reach 4. Projected 50-year pumping scenarios were used to simulate the effects of modified well withdrawal rates. Because well withdrawals were less than 1 percent of the calibrated numerical-model water budget, changes to the well pumping rates had little effect on Washita River base flows and groundwater storage in the Washita River aquifer. A hypothetical 10-year drought scenario was used to simulate the potential effects of a prolonged period of reduced recharge on groundwater storage. Groundwater storage at the end of the drought period was 4.6 percent less than the groundwater storage of the calibrated numerical model at the end of the drought period.
Director, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, TX 78754–4501
On August 14, 2021, a Mw 7.2 earthquake struck the Tiburon Peninsula of western Haiti triggering thousands of landslides. Three days after the earthquake on August 17, 2021, Tropical Storm Grace crossed shallow waters offshore of southern Haiti triggering more landslides worsening the situation. In the aftermath of these events, several organizations with disaster response capabilities or programs activated to provide information on the location of landslides to first responders on the ground. Utilizing remote sensing to support rapid response, one organization manually mapped initiation point of landslides and three automatically detected landslides. The 2021 Haiti event also provided a unique opportunity to test different automated landslide detection methods that utilized both SAR and optical data in a rapid response scenario where rapid situational awareness was critical. As the methods used are highly replicable, the main goal of this study is to summarize the landslide rapid response products released by the organizations, detection methods, quantify accuracy and provide guidelines on how some of the shortcomings encountered in this effort might be addressed in the future. To support this validation, a manually mapped polygon-based landslide inventory covering the entire affected area was created and is also released through this effort.
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lower Colorado River region near Blythe, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-11T16:04:35.797716","indexId":"70248910","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-25T07:03:20","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of Miocene normal and dextral faulting in the lower Colorado River region near Blythe, California, USA","docAbstract":"The evolution of strain in nascent continental plate boundaries commonly involves distributed deformation and transitions between different styles of deformation as the plate boundary matures. Distributed NW-striking faults, many with km-scale right-lateral separation, are prevalent near Blythe, California, and have been variably interpreted to have accommodated either Middle Miocene NE-SW extension as normal faults or Late Miocene to Pliocene dextral shear as strike-slip faults. However, with poor timing and kinematic constraints, it is unclear how these faults relate to known domains of Neogene deformation and the evolution of the Pacific–North America plate boundary. We present kinematic data (n = 642 fault planes, n = 512 slickenlines) that demonstrate that these faults dominantly dip steeply northeast; ~96% of measured faults record normal, dextral, or oblique dextral-normal kinematics that likely reflect a gradational transition between normal and dextral oblique kinematic regimes. We constrain fault timing with 11.7 Ma and 7.0 Ma 40Ar/39Ar dates of rocks cut by faults, and laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry U-Pb dating of calcite mineralized during oblique dextral faulting that demonstrates fault slip at ca. 10–7 Ma and perhaps as late as ca. 4 Ma. This Late Miocene dextral oblique faulting is best compatible with a documented regional transition from Early to Middle Miocene NE-directed extension during detachment fault slip to subsequent NW-directed dextral shear. We estimate 11–38 km of cumulative dextral slip occurred across a 50-km-wide zone from the Palen to Riverside mountains, including up to 20 km of newly documented dextral shear that may partly alleviate the regional discrepancy of cumulative dextral shear along this part of the Late Miocene Pacific–North America plate boundary.
Residual oil zones (ROZ) form due to various geologic conditions and are located below the oil/water contact (OWC) of main pay zones (MPZ). Since ROZs usually contain immobile oil, they have not typically been considered commercially attractive for development by conventional primary recovery methods used in the initial phases of oil production. However, during the last decade some operators of these viable fields that also contain ROZs have extended carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) to below the MPZ to commercially recover oil from the associated ROZ. Increased interest in ROZs is also due to the application of anthropogenic CO2 for oil recovery, leading to the subsurface sequestration of CO2, which can be part of the current net-zero carbon oil and climate change objectives.
Several detailed studies of selected formations in the Permian Basin of the United States have shown that ROZs can be as common as traditional conventional oil reservoir traps, suggesting significant resources for potential additional hydrocarbon recovery and subsurface CO2 sequestration via CO2-EOR. However, applications of CO2-EOR to ROZs have been limited despite the estimation of significant oil resources considered recoverable through CO2-EOR, and the benefit of concurrent geologic CO2 storage that would help offset carbon emissions from the produced oil. The combination of insufficient economic incentives and technical reasons related to data scarcity, such as lack of penetration of wells and well logs, for locating ROZs has limited development of their resource potential when compared to known fields.
This paper presents a probabilistic methodology for identifying and evaluating ROZ resources for CO2-EOR and CO2 sequestration potential with the use of public and proprietary data sources. The methodology was developed during a pilot study that focused on the ROZ in the San Andres Formation of a nine-county area in the Permian Basin in West Texas. The pilot study estimated a mean oil in place of 25 × 109 barrels (bbl) of oil and a mean potential incremental oil recovery and CO2 utilization of 2.6 × 109 bbl and 28.2 Tcf (1.46 × 109 tons), respectively, with 1 hydrocarbon pore volume (HCPV) of injection using the water alternating gas (WAG) method. The results of this pilot study are consistent with reported volumes in the literature for a similar area in the Permian Basin. The pilot study demonstrated that this methodology could be used to identify and assess the recoverable oil and coincident CO2 storage volumes of ROZs in other formations and regions.
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Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23}]}} ,{"id":70247840,"text":"ofr20231054 - 2023 - Genetic population assignments of Atlantic sturgeon provided to National Marine Fisheries Service, 2022","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-24T13:41:58.752827","indexId":"ofr20231054","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-24T08:35:00","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-1054","displayTitle":"Genetic Population Assignments of Atlantic Sturgeon Provided to National Marine Fisheries Service, 2022","title":"Genetic population assignments of Atlantic sturgeon provided to National Marine Fisheries Service, 2022","docAbstract":"Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus (Atlantic sturgeon) were once abundant and supported large-scale fisheries throughout much of the east coast of the United States. However, historic overharvest and habitat loss resulted in dramatic declines in abundance and eventual listing under the Endangered Species Act of the United States. As part of this listing, Atlantic sturgeon populations were divided into five distinct population segments (DPSs), with many management activities occurring at the level of the DPS. However, because subadult and adult Atlantic sturgeon can make large, coast-wide migrations and often mix extensively with individuals from other populations, individuals may be exposed to conservation threats away from their natal river or DPS, ultimately making it difficult to determine the appropriate spatial scale for management activities. To help address this uncertainty, the U.S. Geological Survey performed genetic assignment tests to determine the natal origin of 329 Atlantic sturgeon that were encountered as mortalities or taken during permitted activities in 2021. Overall, most individuals assigned to the Hudson River population, with additional major contributions from the James River Fall and Delaware River populations. However, a sizeable proportion of individuals were assigned to more distantly located populations in the southeastern United States. These results highlight the prevalence of long-distance movements in Atlantic sturgeon and underscore that populations may be vulnerable to threats far from their natal rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231054","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Marine Fisheries Service","usgsCitation":"White, S.L., Johnson, R.L., Lubinski, B.A., Eackles, M.S., and Kazyak, D.C., 2023, Genetic population assignments of Atlantic sturgeon provided to National Marine Fisheries Service, 2022: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1054, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231054.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 10 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-136703","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419992,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P943B0GT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Individual assignments and microsatellite genotypes for Atlantic sturgeon from 2021"},{"id":419987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1054/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":419988,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1054/ofr20231054.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.22 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023-1054"},{"id":419989,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231054/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2023-1054"},{"id":419990,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1054/images/"},{"id":419991,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1054/ofr20231054.XML"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.7831526539585,\n 44.088449979425064\n ],\n [\n -69.15659153864834,\n 48.019075945012474\n ],\n [\n -72.30141815542203,\n 45.45727029656064\n ],\n [\n -75.65820657339519,\n 44.94778904002476\n ],\n [\n -75.28903339967198,\n 40.89558675319671\n ],\n [\n -76.46298604911388,\n 40.19400583735714\n ],\n [\n -78.43915371095366,\n 36.5604218577474\n ],\n [\n -84.16051772711577,\n 32.88156909351903\n ],\n [\n -83.55638083759197,\n 30.468214471664382\n ],\n [\n -80.73133729902378,\n 30.687235465695224\n ],\n [\n -78.61360348508101,\n 32.88392643413653\n ],\n [\n -75.62804928587406,\n 34.56644068656462\n ],\n [\n -74.64749468377897,\n 36.185966080642245\n ],\n [\n -74.65126231991508,\n 38.03204715851999\n ],\n [\n -73.38050438077715,\n 40.0657922005791\n ],\n [\n -69.39263502960705,\n 41.17701014917236\n ],\n [\n -70.1486437939862,\n 43.328483757491426\n ],\n [\n -66.7831526539585,\n 44.088449979425064\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
11649 Leetown Road
Kearneysville, WV 25430
An online climate vulnerability assessment dashboard was developed in 2021 through collaboration between U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) to support regional climate adaptation efforts. The dashboard included 15 climate change impact metrics (five each from three categories: hydrology, precipitation, and temperature) and five metrics representing each watershed's capacity to adapt to changing conditions. Users could then adjust relative weights of each metric to generate vulnerability scores. The metrics included in the dashboard were identified by FWS for their programs but have broad relevance, making the dashboard useful to a wide range of stakeholders. For this project we had two primary goals: (1) update the online dashboard to better communicate the variability that is inherent in climate change projections, and (2) develop a use case example using the dashboard to collaboratively assess vulnerability of a resource of concern at a workshop with resource managers.
For objective 2, we selected prairie-obligate butterflies (POBs), which are dependent on, and often restricted to, native prairie habitat. The extent of native prairie has been greatly reduced over the last two centuries resulting in a patchwork of isolated and often small tracts of land. For many POBs, declines and extirpations have been observed in recent decades. Although the causes are not always known, hypotheses include overuse of management tools (e.g., too frequent burning or overgrazing), lack of dispersal opportunities, or extreme weather events. With more extreme weather events anticipated in the future along with other changes in climate, it is important to better understand the vulnerability of POBs to design effective adaptation strategies. While research on extreme weather, climate change, and adaptation is ongoing for some prairie-obligate species, this workshop sought to take a broad perspective using POBs as the focal taxonomic group across eight U.S. States in the Midwest During the workshop we discussed weather and climate-related influences on butterfly communities and assessed climate change vulnerability using the Watershed-based Midwest Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Tool (https://www.usgs.gov/apps/CC_Vulnerability/). We produced maps that quantify the regional vulnerability of POBs across 360 watersheds for two future emissions scenarios. The information developed during the workshop could help in regional planning for climate change adaptation and to identify avenues for research and collaboration for POBs in the Midwest.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delaney, John 0000-0003-1038-0265","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1038-0265","contributorId":255630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delaney","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":899430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bouska, Kristen L. 0000-0002-4115-2313 kbouska@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4115-2313","contributorId":178005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouska","given":"Kristen","email":"kbouska@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":899431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70247929,"text":"70247929 - 2023 - Geographic and taxonomic variation in adaptive capacity among mountain-dwelling small mammals: implications for conservation status and actions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-24T13:44:25.750726","indexId":"70247929","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-24T07:57:22","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic and taxonomic variation in adaptive capacity among mountain-dwelling small mammals: implications for conservation status and actions","docAbstract":"Contemporary climate change is modifying the distribution, morphology, phenology, physiology, evolution, and interspecific interactions of species. Effects of climate change are mediated not only through the magnitude of change experienced (exposure) and an animal's sensitivity to such changes, but also through the ability of the population or species to adjust to climatic variability and change genetically, behaviorally, or spatially (via its distribution) (i.e., adaptive capacity; AC). Here, we used an attribute-based framework to systematically evaluate and compare the AC of American pikas (Ochotona princeps) against four other mountain-dwelling small mammals of North America to determine whether pikas are disproportionately vulnerable to climate change, as has been postulated. Unlike previous analyses, we also compared AC across O. princeps lineages and across three taxonomic (and thus, spatial) scales. Our results indicate that pikas have markedly lower adaptive capacity than all compared species except bushy-tailed woodrats (Neotoma cinerea), and that our assessments of species generally align with earlier characterizations of climate-change vulnerability based on life-history characteristics. Although AC did not differ dramatically among pika lineages, some attributes are likely constraining AC differently in various parts of the geographic range. Comparisons across taxonomic levels of pikas illustrated that, although AC levels were comparable in pika lineages versus range-wide, AC was assessed as lower in interior-Great-Basin pikas than across the entire O.p. schisticeps lineage. We conclude that the comparatively lower AC of pikas results in particularly high susceptibility to anthropogenic climate change, corroborating results from numerous other recent investigations of pikas' climate-responsiveness. Adaptive-capacity evaluations appear useful as a consistent way to identify sentinel species or populations and for conservation prioritization.