{"pageNumber":"245","pageRowStart":"6100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10462,"records":[{"id":70207715,"text":"70207715 - 2006 - Geology of Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, New Jersey-Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-15T15:26:01.917941","indexId":"70207715","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-07T14:17:03","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1724,"text":"GSA Field Guides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, New Jersey-Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many of the parks within the National Park System owe their uniqueness to their geologic framework. Their scenery is the result of diverse natural processes acting upon a variety of rocks that were deposited in varied environments in the geologic past. The Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area (DEWA) contains a rich geologic and cultural history within its 68,714 acre boundary. Following the border between New Jersey and Pennsylvania, the Delaware River has cut a magnificent gorge through Kit-tantinny Mountain, the Delaware Water Gap, to which all other gaps in the Appalachian Mountains have been compared. Proximity to many institutions of learning in this densely populated area of the northeastern United States (Fig.&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-reveal link-table xref-fig\" data-open=\"ch04fig1\">1</a><span>) makes DEWA an ideal locality to study the geology of this part of the Appalachian Mountains. This one-day field trip comprises two stops within the gap itself and will include discussion on stratigraphy, structure, geomorphology, and glacial geology. The first stop will be at the bottom of the gap in Pennsylvania to look at the magnificent exposures in the cleft on the New Jersey side. This will be followed by a traverse to the top of Mount Tammany along a popular trail, where we will compare the geology across the river in Pennsylvania. Much of the information presented in this guidebook is summarized from&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"ch04r11\">Epstein (2001a</a><span>,&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"ch04r12\">2001b</a><span>,&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"ch04r13\">2001c</a><span>) and&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"ch04r18\">Epstein and Lyttle (2001)</a><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/2006.fld008(04)","usgsCitation":"Epstein, J.B., 2006, Geology of Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, New Jersey-Pennsylvania: GSA Field Guides, v. 8, p. 47-63, https://doi.org/10.1130/2006.fld008(04).","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"63","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371046,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.34423828125,\n              41.17038447781618\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.542236328125,\n              41.17038447781618\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.542236328125,\n              41.96765920367816\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.34423828125,\n              41.96765920367816\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.34423828125,\n              41.17038447781618\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Epstein, Jack B. jepstein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epstein","given":"Jack","email":"jepstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70200408,"text":"70200408 - 2006 - Fulfilling a paradoxical mandate: can the Environmental Water Account ensure the reliability of freshwater exports from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and simultaneously protect delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) from excessive entrainment?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-16T16:11:19","indexId":"70200408","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T16:11:11","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3914,"text":"Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fulfilling a paradoxical mandate: can the Environmental Water Account ensure the reliability of freshwater exports from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and simultaneously protect delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) from excessive entrainment?","docAbstract":"<p>The San Francisco Estuary (SFE) is often defined by its extremes. It is considered one of the most urbanized estuaries in the world (Conomos 1979, Nichols et al. 1986), and one of the most invaded estuaries in the United States, with hundreds of aquatic nonindigenous species established throughout the system (Cohen and Carlton 1995, Dill and Cordone 1997, Kimmerer and Orsi 1996). It is also one of the most managed estuaries, particularly in relation to freshwater inflow, water circulation, and water quality (Jassby and Powell 1994, CSWRCB 1995, Arthur et al. 1996, Kimmerer 2002). Despite this high level of disturbance, the SFE is one of the most valuable natural resources in the western United States (CALFED 2000). The SFE provides important habitat for numerous native plant and animal species, many of special concern, as well as several species with sport and commercial value (CALFED 2000). Conserving and restoring estuarine habitat and natural resources is a pressing and complex challenge for the responsible government agencies because human water needs continue to increase in concert with continuing urbanization of the watershed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency Ecological Program for the San Francisco Estuary","usgsCitation":"Hymanson, Z., and Brown, L.R., 2006, Fulfilling a paradoxical mandate: can the Environmental Water Account ensure the reliability of freshwater exports from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and simultaneously protect delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) from excessive entrainment?: Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter, v. 19, no. 1, p. 28-49.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"49","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358445,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":358444,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.ca.gov/-/media/DWR-Website/Web-Pages/Programs/Environmental-Services/Interagency-Ecological-Program/Files/Newsletters/IEP-Newsletter-2006-Vol19-Issue1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10e014e4b034bf6a7feedb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hymanson, Zach","contributorId":209753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hymanson","given":"Zach","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70129588,"text":"70129588 - 2006 - Guided to gather: toy plane upgraded with telemetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-15T14:49:02","indexId":"70129588","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T15:57:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5416,"text":"GPS World","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Guided to gather: toy plane upgraded with telemetry","docAbstract":"GPS/INS and infrared optical sensors propel USGS's transformation of a remote-controlled one-quarter scale recreational aircraft into a low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle designed for environmental particulate collection.","language":"English","publisher":"Advanstar Communications","publisherLocation":"Eugene, OR","usgsCitation":"Wiese, V., and Wiese, D., 2006, Guided to gather: toy plane upgraded with telemetry: GPS World, v. 17, no. 2, p. 32-38.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"32","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295701,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/questex/gps0206/"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544a18d8e4b04d2014abfb38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiese, Vanessa","contributorId":33244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiese","given":"Vanessa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiese, Dana","contributorId":33644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiese","given":"Dana","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028289,"text":"70028289 - 2006 - Bald Friar Metabasalt and Kennett Square Amphibolite: Two Iapetan Ocean Floor Basalts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028289","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2897,"text":"Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bald Friar Metabasalt and Kennett Square Amphibolite: Two Iapetan Ocean Floor Basalts","docAbstract":"The Bald Friar Metabasalt (BFM) and Kennett Square Amphibolite (KSA) are basaltic units found in the Piedmont of southeastern Pennsylvania. The BFM is also recognized in northern Maryland. Both are believed to represent fragments of the floor of the Iapetus Ocean, but are not known occur in direct association with one another. The BFM typically occurs as small fragments having typical stratigraphic thicknesses of 2.5 m, and composed of greenish, fine-grained chlorite-epidote-actinolite-albite metabasalt in ophiolite me??lange. One bed of pillow basalt has been found at the type locality, Bald Friar, Cecil County, Maryland. Even though outcrops of BFM are highly discontinuous, they have a remarkable chemical uniformity over a strike length of 143 km and appear to be equivalent to the Caldwell Group 1b metabasalt of the Thetford, Quebec, area. The BFM is typically associated with ultramafic fragments and may be affiliated with the Baltimore Mafic Complex (BMC), from which a baddeleyite date of 442 +/- 7 Ma (Silurian) has been obtained. The BFM is probably a back arc basin basalt (BABB). Pod and schlieren chromite compositions suggest an island arc environment for the BMC itself. The poorly defined, informal \"Conowingo Creek metabasalt\" of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, occurs on the north margin of the BMC and appears to be a fore arc boninite. The BFM and associated ultramafic fragments serve as a field-mappable marker for the structural equivalent of the Baie Verte-Brompton line in southeastern Pennsylvania and northern Maryland. Steatization of the associated ultramafic fragments has produced zones of extremely low competence that facilitated and localized thrusts of presumed Silurian age and later Alleghanian folding. The KSA typically occurs as much larger bodies having lengths of 3 km and composed of dark, medium-grained hornblende-plagioclase-clinopyroxene gneiss. No ultramafic rocks or me??lange have been recognized with the KSA. In Pennsylvania, the KSA appears to be restricted to a single belt on the south side of the Brandywine massifs. The KSA is transitional from N-OFB (Normal-Ocean Floor Basalt, which can be generated in a variety of oceanic spreading center environments) on the east to P=E-OFB (Plume=Enriched Ocean Floor Basalt, also generated in spreading centers) on the west, suggesting an evolving tectonomagmatic environment. It may be affiliated with the Wilmington Complex.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01941453","usgsCitation":"Smith, R., 2006, Bald Friar Metabasalt and Kennett Square Amphibolite: Two Iapetan Ocean Floor Basalts: Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences, v. 28, no. 3, p. 238-253.","startPage":"238","endPage":"253","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efabe4b0c8380cd4a3bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, R.C. II","contributorId":74936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.C.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70028258,"text":"70028258 - 2006 - Devils Hole, Nevada, δ<sup>18</sup>O record extended to the mid-Holocene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-20T11:27:40","indexId":"70028258","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Devils Hole, Nevada, δ<sup>18</sup>O record extended to the mid-Holocene","docAbstract":"<p>The mid-to-late Pleistocene Devils Hole <i>&delta;</i><sup>18</sup>O record has been extended from 60,000 to 4500&nbsp;yr ago. The new <i>&delta;</i><sup>18</sup>O time series, in conjunction with the one previously published, is shown to be a proxy of Pacific Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) off the coast of California. During marine oxygen isotope stages (MIS) 2 and 6, the Devil Hole and SST time series exhibit a steady warming that began 5000 to &gt;&nbsp;10,000&nbsp;yr prior to the last and penultimate deglaciations. Several possible proximate causes for this early warming are evaluated. The magnitude of the peak <i>&delta;</i><sup>18</sup>O or SST during the last interglacial (LIG) is significantly greater (1 per mill and 2 to 3&deg;C, respectively) than the peak value of these parameters for the Holocene; in contrast, benthic <i>&delta;</i><sup>18</sup>O records of ice volume show only a few tenths per mill difference in the peak value for these interglacials. Statistical analysis provides an estimate of the large shared information (variation) between the Devils Hole and Eastern Pacific SST time series from &sim;&nbsp;41 to &sim;&nbsp;2&deg;N and enforces the concept of a common forcing among all of these records. The extended Devils Hole record adds to evidence of the importance of uplands bordering the eastern Pacific as a source of archives for reconstructing Pacific climate variability.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2006.06.003","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Winograd, I.J., Landwehr, J.M., Coplen, T.B., Sharp, W.D., Riggs, A.C., Ludwig, K.R., and Kolesar, P.T., 2006, Devils Hole, Nevada, δ<sup>18</sup>O record extended to the mid-Holocene: Quaternary Research, v. 66, no. 2, p. 202-212, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2006.06.003.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"202","endPage":"212","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210208,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2006.06.003"}],"volume":"66","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a008be4b0c8380cd4f7af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winograd, Isaac J. ijwinogr@usgs.gov","contributorId":4643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winograd","given":"Isaac","email":"ijwinogr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landwehr, Jurate M. jmlandwe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landwehr","given":"Jurate","email":"jmlandwe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":417268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sharp, Warren D.","contributorId":72272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Riggs, Alan C. ariggs@usgs.gov","contributorId":149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"Alan","email":"ariggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":417269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ludwig, Kenneth R.","contributorId":63417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kolesar, Peter T.","contributorId":32296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolesar","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70028898,"text":"70028898 - 2006 - Abundance and distribution of selected elements in soils, stream sediments, and selected forage plants from desert tortoise habitats in the Mojave and Colorado deserts, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028898","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance and distribution of selected elements in soils, stream sediments, and selected forage plants from desert tortoise habitats in the Mojave and Colorado deserts, USA","docAbstract":"A baseline and background chemical survey was conducted in southeastern California, USA, to identify potential sources of toxicants in natural and anthropogenically-altered habitats of the threatened desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). Soil, stream sediment, and plant samples were collected from six tortoise habitat study areas in the Mojave and Colorado deserts and analysed for up to 66 different elements. The chemical analyses provided new information on the abundances and distributions of selected elements in this region. Soil, stream-sediment, and plant analyses showed distinct variations in bulk chemistries from locality to locality. Variations were, in general, consistent with the many types of exposed rock units in the region, their highly variable bulk mineralogies, and chemical contents. Of elements in soils that might have been toxic to tortoises, only As seemed to be anomalous region-wide. Some soil and plant anomalies were clearly anthropogenic. In the Rand and Atolia mining districts, soil anomalies for As, Au, Cd, Hg, Sb, and(or) W and plant anomalies for As, Sb, and(or) W extend as far as ???15 km outward from the present area of mining; soils containing anomalous Hg were found at least 6 km away from old piles of tailings. The anomalous concentrations of As and Hg may have been the source of elevated levels of these elements found in ill tortoises from the region. In the Goldstone mining district, soil anomalies extended several km from the mining area. These areas probably represented anthropogenic surface contamination of dust redistributed by wind, vehicles, and rainfall. One of two study areas transected by a paved road (Chemehuevi Valley) showed weakly elevated levels of Pb, which extended as far as ???22 m from the pavement edge and were probably related to vehicle exhaust. No soil or plant samples from historically used military areas (Goldstone, Goffs, Chemehuevi Valley, Chuckwalla Bench) contained anomalous concentrations of the elements As, Cu, Cr, Fe, Pb, or Zn that could be ascribed to military maneuvers, vehicles, or ordnance. For future studies, the distribution and abundance of elements in the tortoise forage plants need to be evaluated for the respective roles of dust and systemic uptake. Additional chemical data from tortoise necropsies and nutritional studies are needed to determine the effects of potentially toxic elements in tortoise habitats on their health. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.018","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Chaffee, M., and Berry, K., 2006, Abundance and distribution of selected elements in soils, stream sediments, and selected forage plants from desert tortoise habitats in the Mojave and Colorado deserts, USA: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 67, no. SUPPL., p. 35-87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.018.","startPage":"35","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"53","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209906,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.018"},{"id":236656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"SUPPL.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e659e4b0c8380cd47365","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaffee, M.A.","contributorId":108049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, K.H.","contributorId":17934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030587,"text":"70030587 - 2006 - Extracting the building response using seismic interferometry: Theory and application to the Millikan Library in Pasadena, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030587","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extracting the building response using seismic interferometry: Theory and application to the Millikan Library in Pasadena, California","docAbstract":"The motion of a building depends on the excitation, the coupling of the building to the ground, and the mechanical properties of the building. We separate the building response from the excitation and the ground coupling by deconvolving the motion recorded at different levels in the building and apply this to recordings of the motion in the Robert A. Millikan Library in Pasadena, California. This deconvolution allows for the separation of instrinsic attenuation and radiation damping. The waveforms obtained from deconvolution with the motion in the top floor show a superposition of one upgoing and one downgoing wave. The waveforms obtained by deconvolution with the motion in the basement can be formulated either as a sum of upgoing and downgoing waves, or as a sum over normal modes. Because these deconvolved waves for late time have a monochromatic character, they are most easily analyzed with normal-mode theory. For this building we estimate a shear velocity c = 322 m/sec and a quality factor Q = 20. These values explain both the propagating waves and the normal modes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050109","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Snieder, R., and Safak, E., 2006, Extracting the building response using seismic interferometry: Theory and application to the Millikan Library in Pasadena, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 2, p. 586-598, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050109.","startPage":"586","endPage":"598","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211759,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050109"},{"id":239110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e5be4b0c8380cd533eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snieder, R.","contributorId":63924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieder","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Safak, E.","contributorId":104070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safak","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030621,"text":"70030621 - 2006 - Importance of recent shifts in soil thermal dynamics on growing season length, productivity, and carbon sequestration in terrestrial high-latitude ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030621","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of recent shifts in soil thermal dynamics on growing season length, productivity, and carbon sequestration in terrestrial high-latitude ecosystems","docAbstract":"In terrestrial high-latitude regions, observations indicate recent changes in snow cover, permafrost, and soil freeze-thaw transitions due to climate change. These modifications may result in temporal shifts in the growing season and the associated rates of terrestrial productivity. Changes in productivity will influence the ability of these ecosystems to sequester atmospheric CO2. We use the terrestrial ecosystem model (TEM), which simulates the soil thermal regime, in addition to terrestrial carbon (C), nitrogen and water dynamics, to explore these issues over the years 1960-2100 in extratropical regions (30-90??N). Our model simulations show decreases in snow cover and permafrost stability from 1960 to 2100. Decreases in snow cover agree well with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration satellite observations collected between the years 1972 and 2000, with Pearson rank correlation coefficients between 0.58 and 0.65. Model analyses also indicate a trend towards an earlier thaw date of frozen soils and the onset of the growing season in the spring by approximately 2-4 days from 1988 to 2000. Between 1988 and 2000, satellite records yield a slightly stronger trend in thaw and the onset of the growing season, averaging between 5 and 8 days earlier. In both, the TEM simulations and satellite records, trends in day of freeze in the autumn are weaker, such that overall increases in growing season length are due primarily to earlier thaw. Although regions with the longest snow cover duration displayed the greatest increase in growing season length, these regions maintained smaller increases in productivity and heterotrophic respiration than those regions with shorter duration of snow cover and less of an increase in growing season length. Concurrent with increases in growing season length, we found a reduction in soil C and increases in vegetation C, with greatest losses of soil C occurring in those areas with more vegetation, but simulations also suggest that this trend could reverse in the future. Our results reveal noteworthy changes in snow, permafrost, growing season length, productivity, and net C uptake, indicating that prediction of terrestrial C dynamics from one decade to the next will require that large-scale models adequately take into account the corresponding changes in soil thermal regimes. ?? 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01113.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Euskirchen, E., McGuire, A., Kicklighter, D., Zhuang, Q., Clein, J.S., Dargaville, R., Dye, D., Kimball, J., McDonald, K., Melillo, J.M., Romanovsky, V., and Smith, N., 2006, Importance of recent shifts in soil thermal dynamics on growing season length, productivity, and carbon sequestration in terrestrial high-latitude ecosystems: Global Change Biology, v. 12, no. 4, p. 731-750, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01113.x.","startPage":"731","endPage":"750","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477437,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/909","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211760,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01113.x"},{"id":239111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3941e4b0c8380cd6186d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Euskirchen, E.S.","contributorId":44737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euskirchen","given":"E.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kicklighter, D. W.","contributorId":31537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kicklighter","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[{"id":13627,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":427898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhuang, Q.","contributorId":40772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhuang","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clein, Joy S.","contributorId":83697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clein","given":"Joy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dargaville, R.J.","contributorId":41992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dargaville","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dye, D.G.","contributorId":14193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dye","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kimball, J.S.","contributorId":79141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McDonald, K.C.","contributorId":89718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Melillo, J. M.","contributorId":73139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Romanovsky, V.E.","contributorId":54721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanovsky","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Smith, N.V.","contributorId":27672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"N.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70028256,"text":"70028256 - 2006 - Evaluating the relative contributions of hydroperiod and soil fertility on growth of south Florida mangroves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028256","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the relative contributions of hydroperiod and soil fertility on growth of south Florida mangroves","docAbstract":"Low and high water periods create contrasting challenges for trees inhabiting periodically flooded wetlands. Low to moderate flood durations and frequencies may bring nutrient subsidies, while greater hydroperiods can be energetically stressful because of oxygen deficiency. We tested the hypothesis that hydroperiod affects the growth of mangrove seedlings and saplings in a greenhouse experiment by varying flood duration while keeping salinity and soil fertility constant. We measured the growth of mangrove trees along a hydroperiod gradient over a two-year period by tracking fine-scale diameter increment. Greenhouse growth studies indicated that under a full range of annual flood durations (0-8760 h/year), hydroperiod alone exerted a significant influence on growth for one species, Laguncularia racemosa, when flooding was imposed for two growing seasons. Field evaluations, on the other hand, indicated that increased flood duration may provide nutrient subsidies for tree growth. Diameter growth was related curvilinearly to site hydroperiod, including flood duration and frequency, as well as to salinity and soil fertility. An analysis of soil physico-chemical parameters suggests that phosphorus fertility, which was also linked directly to hydroperiod, is likely to influence growth on south Florida mangrove sites. The physical removal of phosphorus by greater flood frequencies from upland sources and/or addition of phosphorus from tidal flooding balanced against increased soil aeration and reduced water deficits may be an extremely important growth determinant for south Florida mangroves. ?? Springer 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-006-0139-7","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Krauss, K., Doyle, T., Twilley, R., Rivera-Monroy, V., and Sullivan, J., 2006, Evaluating the relative contributions of hydroperiod and soil fertility on growth of south Florida mangroves: Hydrobiologia, v. 569, no. 1, p. 311-324, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0139-7.","startPage":"311","endPage":"324","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210184,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0139-7"},{"id":237026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"569","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bfee4b0c8380cd529b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krauss, K. W. 0000-0003-2195-0729","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":19517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"K. W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doyle, T.W. 0000-0001-5754-0671","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0671","contributorId":16783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"T.W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Twilley, R.R.","contributorId":94647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twilley","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rivera-Monroy, V. H.","contributorId":83243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rivera-Monroy","given":"V. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sullivan, J.K.","contributorId":68953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030627,"text":"70030627 - 2006 - Industrial garnet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70030627","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Industrial garnet","docAbstract":"In 2005, US production of crude garnet concentrate for industrial use was 28.4 kt valued at $3.05 million. Refined garnet material sold or used was 30.4 kt valued at $10 million. For the year, the US was one of the world's leading consumers of industrial garnet. Domestic values for crude concentrates for different applications ranged from about $53 to $120/t. In the short term, excess production capacity, combined with suppliers that vary in quality, grain size and mineral type, will keep prices down.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00265187","usgsCitation":"Olson, D., 2006, Industrial garnet: Mining Engineering, v. 58, no. 6.","startPage":"37","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ab8e4b0c8380cd61ef5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, D.W.","contributorId":82369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70030670,"text":"70030670 - 2006 - Design and application of an electromagnetic vibrator seismic source","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T11:04:31","indexId":"70030670","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3928,"text":"Journal of Environmental & Engineering Geophysics","printIssn":"1083-1363","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Design and application of an electromagnetic vibrator seismic source","docAbstract":"Vibrational seismic sources frequently provide a higher-frequency seismic wavelet (and therefore better resolution) than other sources, and can provide a superior signal-to-noise ratio in many settings. However, they are often prohibitively expensive for lower-budget shallow surveys. In order to address this problem, I designed and built a simple but effective vibrator source for about one thousand dollars. The \"EMvibe\" is an inexpensive electromagnetic vibrator that can be built with easy-to-machine parts and off-the-shelf electronics. It can repeatably produce pulse and frequency-sweep signals in the range of 5 to 650 Hz, and provides sufficient energy for recording at offsets up to 20 m. Analysis of frequency spectra show that the EMvibe provides a broader frequency range than the sledgehammer at offsets up to ??? 10 m in data collected at a site with soft sediments in the upper several meters. The EMvibe offers a high-resolution alternative to the sledgehammer for shallow surveys. It is well-suited to teaching applications, and to surveys requiring a precisely-repeatable source signature.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/JEEG11.1.9","issn":"10831363","usgsCitation":"Haines, S., 2006, Design and application of an electromagnetic vibrator seismic source: Journal of Environmental & Engineering Geophysics, v. 11, no. 1, p. 9-15, https://doi.org/10.2113/JEEG11.1.9.","startPage":"9","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211938,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/JEEG11.1.9"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff33e4b0c8380cd4f089","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, S.S. 0000-0003-2611-8165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":33402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70030673,"text":"70030673 - 2006 - Magnesium compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030673","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnesium compounds","docAbstract":"In 2005, seawater and natural brines accounted for 51% of US magnesium compounds production. World magnesia production was estimated to be 14.5 Mt. Most of the production came from China, North Korea, Russia and Turkey. Although no specific production figures are available, Japan and the United States are estimated to account for almost one-half of the world's capacity from seawater and brines.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00265187","usgsCitation":"Kramer, D., 2006, Magnesium compounds: Mining Engineering, v. 58, no. 6, p. 44-45.","startPage":"44","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b57e4b0c8380cd69492","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kramer, D.A.","contributorId":70187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kramer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70030700,"text":"70030700 - 2006 - Contact zone permeability at intrusion boundaries: New results from hydraulic testing and geophysical logging in the Newark Rift Basin, New York, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T08:24:00","indexId":"70030700","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contact zone permeability at intrusion boundaries: New results from hydraulic testing and geophysical logging in the Newark Rift Basin, New York, USA","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">Hydraulic tests and geophysical logging performed in the Palisades sill and the underlying sedimentary rocks in the NE part of the Newark Rift Basin, New York, USA, confirm that the particular transmissive zones are localized within the dolerite-sedimentary rock contact zone and within a narrow interval below this contact zone that is characterized by the occurrence of small layers of chilled dolerite. Transmissivity values determined from fluid injection, aquifer testing, and flowmeter measurements generally fall in the range of 8.1E-08 to 9.95E-06&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup>/s and correspond to various scales of investigation. The analysis of acoustic and optical BHTV images reveals two primary fracture sets within the dolerite and the sedimentary rocks—subhorizontal fractures, intersected by subvertical ones. Despite being highly fractured either with subhorizontal, subvertical or both fracture populations, the dolerite above and the sedimentary rocks below the contact zone and the zone with the layers of chilled dolerite are significantly less conductive. The distribution of the particular conductive intervals is not a function of the two dominant fracture populations or their density but rather of the intrusion path of the sill. The intrusion caused thermal fracturing and cracking of both formations, resulting in higher permeability along the contact zone.</p><div class=\"KeywordGroup\" lang=\"en\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-005-0456-3","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Matter, J., Goldberg, D., Morin, R.H., and Stute, M., 2006, Contact zone permeability at intrusion boundaries: New results from hydraulic testing and geophysical logging in the Newark Rift Basin, New York, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 14, no. 5, p. 689-699, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-005-0456-3.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"689","endPage":"699","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211848,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-005-0456-3"}],"volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa2be4b0c8380cd4d97f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matter, J.M.","contributorId":67843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matter","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldberg, D.S.","contributorId":62001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morin, R. H.","contributorId":31794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stute, M.","contributorId":67234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stute","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028175,"text":"70028175 - 2006 - Drainage effects on the transient, near-surface hydrologic response of a steep hillslope to rainfall: Implications for slope stability, Edmonds, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-21T20:41:24","indexId":"70028175","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2824,"text":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drainage effects on the transient, near-surface hydrologic response of a steep hillslope to rainfall: Implications for slope stability, Edmonds, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"Shallow landslides on steep (>25??) hillsides along Puget Sound have resulted in occasional loss of life and costly damage to property during intense or prolonged rainfall. As part of a larger project to assess landslide hazards in the Seattle area, the U.S. Geological Survey instrumented two coastal bluff sites in 2001 to observe the subsurface hydrologic response to rainfall. The instrumentation at one of these sites, near Edmonds, Washington, consists of two rain gauges, two water-content probes that measure volumetric water content at eight depths between 0.2 and 2.0 m, and two tensiometer nests that measure soil-water suction at six depths ranging from 0.2 to 1.5m. Measurements from these instruments are used to test one- and two-dimensional numerical models of infiltration and groundwater flow. Capillary-rise tests, performed in the laboratory on soil sample from the Edmonds site, are used to define the soil hydraulic properties for the wetting process. The field observations of water content and suction show an apparent effect of porosity variation with depth on the hydraulic response to rainfall. Using a range of physical properties consistent with our laboratory and field measurements, we perform sensitivity analyses to investigate the effects of variation in physical and hydraulic properties of the soil on rainfall infiltration, pore-pressure response, and, hence, slope stability. For a two-layer-system in which the hydraulic conductivity of the upper layer is at least 10 times greater than the conductivity of the lower layer, and the infiltration rate is greater than the conductivity of the lower layer, a perched water table forms above the layer boundary potentially destabilizing the upper layer of soil. Two-dimensional modeling results indicate that the addition of a simple trench drain to the same two-layer slope has differing effects on the hydraulic response depending on the initial pressure head conditions. For slope-parallel flow conditions, pressure head is significantly reduced near the drain; however, for transient, vertical infiltration in a partially saturated soil, conditions consistent with those observed during monitoring at the Edmonds site, the drain decreases the thickness of a perched water table by a small amount.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/nhess-6-343-2006","issn":"15618633","usgsCitation":"Biavati, G., Godt, J., and McKenna, J., 2006, Drainage effects on the transient, near-surface hydrologic response of a steep hillslope to rainfall: Implications for slope stability, Edmonds, Washington, USA: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, v. 6, no. 3, p. 343-355, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-343-2006.","startPage":"343","endPage":"355","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488087,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-343-2006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267916,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-343-2006"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03d0e4b0c8380cd50672","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biavati, G.","contributorId":50380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biavati","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godt, J. W.","contributorId":76732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKenna, J.P.","contributorId":24543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028064,"text":"70028064 - 2006 - Comparing mean high water and high water line shorelines: Should prosy-datum offsets be incorporated into shoreline change analysis?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028064","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing mean high water and high water line shorelines: Should prosy-datum offsets be incorporated into shoreline change analysis?","docAbstract":"More than one type of shoreline indicator can be used in shoreline change analyses, and quantifying the effects of this practice on the resulting shoreline change rates is important. Comparison of three high water line (proxy-based) shorelines and a mean high water intercept (datum-based) shoreline collected from simultaneous aerial photographic and lidar surveys of a relatively steep reflective beach (tan ?? = 0.07), which experiences a moderately energetic wave climate (annual average Hs = 1.2 m), reveals an average horizontal offset of 18.8 m between the two types of shoreline indicators. Vertical offsets are also substantial and are correlated with foreshore beach slope and corresponding variations in wave runup. Incorporating the average horizontal offset into both a short-term, endpoint shoreline change analysis and a long-term, linear regression analysis causes rates to be shifted an average of -0.5 m/y and -0.1 m/y, respectively. The rate shift increases with increasing horizontal offset and decreasing measurement intervals and, depending on the rapidity of shoreline change rates, is responsible for varying degrees of analysis error. Our results demonstrate that under many circumstances, the error attributable to proxy-datum offsets is small relative to shoreline change rates and thus not important. Furthermore, we find that when the error associated with proxy-datum offsets is large enough to be important, the shoreline change rates themselves are not likely to be significant. A total water level model reveals that the high water line digitized by three independent coastal labs for this study was generated by a combination of large waves and a high tide several days before the collection of aerial photography. This illustrates the complexity of the high water line as a shoreline indicator and calls into question traditional definitions, which consider the high water line a wetted bound or \"marks left by the previous high tide.\".","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2112/04-0401.1","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Moore, L.J., Ruggiero, P., and List, J.H., 2006, Comparing mean high water and high water line shorelines: Should prosy-datum offsets be incorporated into shoreline change analysis?: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 22, no. 4, p. 894-905, https://doi.org/10.2112/04-0401.1.","startPage":"894","endPage":"905","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210280,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/04-0401.1"},{"id":237155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f836e4b0c8380cd4cf4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, L. J.","contributorId":53132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruggiero, P.","contributorId":25995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggiero","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"List, J. H.","contributorId":70406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028063,"text":"70028063 - 2006 - Influence of propagule flotation longevity and light availability on establishment of introduced mangrove species in Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T12:29:07","indexId":"70028063","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of propagule flotation longevity and light availability on establishment of introduced mangrove species in Hawai'i","docAbstract":"<p>Although no mangrove species are native to the Hawaiian Archipelago, both <i>Rbizopbora mangle</i> and <i>Bruguiera sexangula</i> were introduced and have become naturalized. <i>Rbizopbora mangle</i> has spread to almost every major Hawaiian island, but <i>B. sexangula</i> has established only on O'ahu, where it was intentionally introduced. To examine the possibility that differences in propagule characteristics maintain these patterns of distribution, we first reviewed the literature on surface currents around the Hawaiian Islands, which suggest that propagules ought to disperse frequently from one island to another within 60. days. We then tested the ability of propagules of the two species to float for periods of up to 63 days and to establish under two light intensities. On average, <i>R. mangle</i> propagules floated for longer periods than those of <i>B. sexangula</i>, but at least some propagules of both species floated for a full 60 days and then rooted and grew for 4 months under relatively dense shade. A large percentage (???83%) of <i>R. mangle</i> propagules would be expected to float beyond 60 days, and approximately 10% of <i>B. sexangula</i> propagules also would have remained afloat. Therefore, it seems likely that factors other than flotation ability are responsible for the failure of <i>B. sexangula</i> to become established on other Hawaiian islands.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawaii Press","doi":"10.1353/psc.2006.0015","issn":"00308870","usgsCitation":"Allen, J.A., and Krauss, K., 2006, Influence of propagule flotation longevity and light availability on establishment of introduced mangrove species in Hawai'i: Pacific Science, v. 60, no. 3, p. 367-376, https://doi.org/10.1353/psc.2006.0015.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477566,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10125/22572","text":"External 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 \"}}]}","volume":"60","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b69e4b0c8380cd624f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, J. A.","contributorId":82644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krauss, K. W. 0000-0003-2195-0729","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":19517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"K. W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030841,"text":"70030841 - 2006 - Atmospheric dust in modern soil on aeolian sandstone, Colorado Plateau (USA): Variation with landscape position and contribution to potential plant nutrients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-17T17:02:08.672771","indexId":"70030841","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1760,"text":"Geoderma","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atmospheric dust in modern soil on aeolian sandstone, Colorado Plateau (USA): Variation with landscape position and contribution to potential plant nutrients","docAbstract":"<p>Rock-derived nutrients in soils originate from both local bedrock and atmospheric dust, including dust from far-distant sources. Distinction between fine particles derived from local bedrock and from dust provides better understanding of the landscape-scale distribution and abundance of soil nutrients. Sandy surficial deposits over dominantly sandstone substrates, covering vast upland areas of the central Colorado Plateau, typically contain 5-40% silt plus clay, depending on geomorphic setting and slope (excluding drainages and depressions). Aeolian dust in these deposits is indicated by the presence of titanium-bearing magnetite grains that are absent in the sedimentary rocks of the region. Thus, contents of far-traveled aeolian dust can be estimated from magnetic properties that primarily reflect magnetite content, such as isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM). Isothermal remanent magnetization was measured on bulk sediment samples taken along two transects in surficial sediment down gentle slopes away from sandstone headwalls. One transect was in undisturbed surficial sediment, the other in a setting that was grazed by domestic livestock until 1974. Calculation of far-traveled dust contents of the surficial deposits is based on measurements of the magnetic properties of rock, surficial deposits, and modern dust using a binary mixing model. At the undisturbed site, IRM-based calculations show a systematic down-slope increase in aeolian dust (ranging from 2% to 18% of the surface soil mass), similar to the down-slope increase in total fines (18-39% of surface soil mass). A combination of winnowing by wind during the past and down-slope movement of sediment likely accounts for the modern distribution of aeolian dust and associated nutrients. At the previously grazed site, dust also increases down slope (5-11%) in sediment with corresponding abundances of 13-25% fines. Estimates of the contributions of aeolian dust to the total soil nutrients range widely, depending on assumptions about grain-size partitioning of potential nutrients in weathered bedrock. Nevertheless, aeolian dust is important for this setting, contributing roughly 40-80% of the rock-derived nutrient stocks (P, K, Na, Mn, Zn, and Fe) in uppermost soil over most of the sampled slope at the undisturbed site, which shows no evidence of recent wind erosion.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.01.012","issn":"","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.L., Neff, J., Reheis, M.C., and Lamothe, P.J., 2006, Atmospheric dust in modern soil on aeolian sandstone, Colorado Plateau (USA): Variation with landscape position and contribution to potential plant nutrients: Geoderma, v. 130, no. 1-2, p. 108-123, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.01.012.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"108","endPage":"123","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Canyonlands National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.25741577148438,\n              37.94419750075404\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.63668823242188,\n              37.94419750075404\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.63668823242188,\n              38.50089258896462\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.25741577148438,\n              38.50089258896462\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.25741577148438,\n              37.94419750075404\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"130","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eec2e4b0c8380cd49f27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neff, J.","contributorId":18577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neff","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reheis, Marith C. 0000-0002-8359-323X mreheis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":138571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"Marith","email":"mreheis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lamothe, Paul J. plamothe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"Paul","email":"plamothe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":428905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031177,"text":"70031177 - 2006 - Detection probabilities and site occupancy estimates for amphibians at Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031177","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection probabilities and site occupancy estimates for amphibians at Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"We conducted an amphibian inventory at Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge from August 2000 to June 2002 as part of the U.S. Department of the Interior's national Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. Nineteen species of amphibians (15 anurans and 4 caudates) were documented within the Refuge, including one protected species, the Gopher Frog Rana capito. We also collected 1 y of monitoring data for amphibian populations and incorporated the results into the inventory. Detection probabilities and site occupancy estimates for four species, the Pinewoods Treefrog (Hyla femoralis), Pig Frog (Rana grylio), Southern Leopard Frog (R. sphenocephala) and Carpenter Frog (R. virgatipes) are presented here. Detection probabilities observed in this study indicate that spring and summer surveys offer the best opportunity to detect these species in the Refuge. Results of the inventory suggest that substantial changes may have occurred in the amphibian fauna within and adjacent to the swamp. However, monitoring the amphibian community of Okefenokee Swamp will prove difficult because of the logistical challenges associated with a rigorous statistical assessment of status and trends.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Midland Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2006)155[0149:DPASOE]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00030031","usgsCitation":"Smith, L.L., Barichivich, W., Staiger, J., Smith, K.G., and Dodd, C., 2006, Detection probabilities and site occupancy estimates for amphibians at Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge: American Midland Naturalist, v. 155, no. 1, p. 149-161, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2006)155[0149:DPASOE]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"149","endPage":"161","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211462,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2006)155[0149:DPASOE]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":238755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"155","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff7be4b0c8380cd4f201","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, L. L.","contributorId":6791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barichivich, W.J. 0000-0003-1103-6861","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1103-6861","contributorId":91435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barichivich","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Staiger, J.S.","contributorId":45664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staiger","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Kimberly G.","contributorId":47720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dodd, C.K. Jr.","contributorId":86286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030838,"text":"70030838 - 2006 - Denitrification potential in stream sediments impacted by acid mine drainage: Effects of pH, various electron donors, and iron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T07:54:16","indexId":"70030838","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2729,"text":"Microbial Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denitrification potential in stream sediments impacted by acid mine drainage: Effects of pH, various electron donors, and iron","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">Acid mine drainage (AMD) contaminates thousands of kilometers of stream in the western United States. At the same time, nitrogen loading to many mountain watersheds is increasing because of atmospheric deposition of nitrate and increased human use. Relatively little is known about nitrogen cycling in acidic, heavy-metal-laden streams; however, it has been reported that one key process, denitrification, is inhibited under low pH conditions. The objective of this research was to investigate the capacity for denitrification in acidified streams. Denitrification potential was assessed in sediments from several Colorado AMD-impacted streams, ranging from pH&nbsp;2.60 to 4.54, using microcosm incubations with fresh sediment. Added nitrate was immediately reduced to nitrogen gas without a lag period, indicating that denitrification enzymes were expressed and functional in these systems. First-order denitrification potential rate constants varied from 0.046 to 2.964 day<sup>−1</sup>. The pH of the microcosm water increased between 0.23 and 1.49 pH units during denitrification. Additional microcosm studies were conducted to examine the effects of initial pH, various electron donors, and iron (added as ferrous and ferric iron). Decreasing initial pH decreased denitrification; however, increasing pH had little effect on denitrification rates. The addition of ferric and ferrous iron decreased observed denitrification potential rate constants. The addition of glucose and natural organic matter stimulated denitrification potential. The addition of hydrogen had little effect, however, and denitrification activity in the microcosms decreased after acetate addition. These results suggest that denitrification can occur in AMD streams, and if stimulated within the environment, denitrification might reduce acidity.</p><div class=\"KeywordGroup\" lang=\"en\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00248-005-5155-z","issn":"00953628","usgsCitation":"Baeseman, J., Smith, R.L., and Silverstein, J., 2006, Denitrification potential in stream sediments impacted by acid mine drainage: Effects of pH, various electron donors, and iron: Microbial Ecology, v. 51, no. 2, p. 232-241, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-005-5155-z.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"232","endPage":"241","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211501,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-005-5155-z"}],"volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe9be4b0c8380cd4ee17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baeseman, J.L.","contributorId":104703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baeseman","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":428895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Silverstein, J.","contributorId":28066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silverstein","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028142,"text":"70028142 - 2006 - Geology and geochemistry of jasperoids from the Gold Bar district, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028142","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and geochemistry of jasperoids from the Gold Bar district, Nevada","docAbstract":"Gold Bar is one of several Carlin-type gold mining districts located in the Battle Mountain-Eureka trend, Nevada. It is composed of one main deposit, Gold Bar; five satellite deposits; and four resources that contain 1.6 Moz (50 t) of gold. All of the deposits and resources occur at the intersection of north-northwest- and northeast-trending high-angle faults in slope facies limestones of the Devonian Nevada Group exposed in windows through Ordovician basin facies siliciclastic rocks of the Roberts Mountains allochthon. Igneous intrusions and magnetic anomalies are notably absent. The Gold Bar district contains a variety of discordant and stratabound jasperoid bodies, especially along the Wall Fault zone, that were mapped and studied in some detail to identify the attributes of those most closely associated with gold ore and to constrain genetic models. Four types of jasperoids, J0, J1, J2, and J3, were distinguished on the basis of their geologic and structural settings and appearance. Field relations suggest that J0 formed during an early event. Petrographic observations, geochemistry, and ??18O values of quartz suggest it was overprinted by the hydrothermal event that produced ore-related J1, J2, and J3 jasperoids and associated gold deposits. The greater amount of siliciclastic detritus present in J0 jasperoids caused them to have higher ??18O values than J1,2,3 jasperoids hosted in underlying limestones. Ore-related jasperoids are composed of main-ore-stage replacements and late-ore-stage open-space filling quartz with variable geochemistry and an enormous range of ??18O values (24.5 and -3.7???). Jasperoids hosted in limestones with the most anomalous Au, Ag, Hg, ??(As, Sb, Tl) concentrations and the highest ??18O values are associated with the largest deposits. The 28??? range of jasperoid ??18O values is best explained by mixing between an 18O-enriched fluid and an 18O-depleted fluid. The positive correlation between the sizes of gold deposits and the ??18O composition of jasperoids indicates that gold was introduced by the 18O-enriched fluid. The lowest calculated ??18O value for water in equilibrium with late-ore-stage quartz at 200??C (-15???) and the measured ??D value of fluid inclusion water extracted from late-ore-stage orpiment and realgar (-116???) indicate that the 18O-depleted fluid was composed of relatively unexchanged meteoric water. The source of the 18O-enriched ore fluid is not constrained. The ??34S values of late-ore-stage realgar, orpiment, and stibnite (5.7-15.5???) and barite (31.5-40.9???) suggest that H2S and sulfate were derived from sedimentary sources. Likewise, the ??13C and ??18O values of late-stage calcite (-4.8 to 1.5??? and 11.5 to 17.4???, respectively) suggest that CO2 was derived from marine limestones. Based on these data and the apparent absence of any Eocene intrusions in the district, Gold Bar may be the product of a nonmagmatic hydrothermal system. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralium Deposita","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00126-006-0080-8","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Yigit, O., Hofstra, A., Hitzman, M., and Nelson, E., 2006, Geology and geochemistry of jasperoids from the Gold Bar district, Nevada: Mineralium Deposita, v. 41, no. 6, p. 527-547, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-006-0080-8.","startPage":"527","endPage":"547","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210019,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-006-0080-8"},{"id":236808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a22dbe4b0c8380cd573d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yigit, O.","contributorId":54383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yigit","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofstra, A. H. 0000-0002-2450-1593","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":41426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hitzman, M.W.","contributorId":107906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitzman","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, E.P.","contributorId":53577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031176,"text":"70031176 - 2006 - Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, movements in Rainy Lake, Minnesota and Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T21:45:01.845269","indexId":"70031176","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, movements in Rainy Lake, Minnesota and Ontario","docAbstract":"<p><span>Rainy Lake, Minnesota-Ontario, contains a native population of Lake Sturgeon (</span><i>Acipenser fulvescens</i><span>) that has gone largely unstudied. The objective of this descriptive study was to summarize generalized Lake Sturgeon movement patterns through the use of biotelemetry. Telemetry data reinforced the high utilization of the Squirrel Falls geographic location by Lake Sturgeon, with 37% of the re-locations occurring in that area. Other spring aggregations occurred in areas associated with Kettle Falls, the Pipestone River, and the Rat River, which could indicate spawning activity. Movement of Lake Sturgeon between the Seine River and the South Arm of Rainy Lake indicates the likelihood of one integrated population on the east end of the South Arm. The lack of re-locations in the Seine River during the months of September and October may have been due to Lake Sturgeon moving into deeper water areas of the Seine River and out of the range of radio telemetry gear or simply moving back into the South Arm. Due to the movements between Minnesota and Ontario, coordination of management efforts among provincial, state, and federal agencies will be important.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","doi":"10.22621/cfn.v120i1.249","issn":"00083550","usgsCitation":"Adams, W., Kallemeyn, L., and Willis, D., 2006, Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, movements in Rainy Lake, Minnesota and Ontario: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 120, no. 1, p. 71-82, https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v120i1.249.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"82","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v120i1.249","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Rainy Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.7957763671875,\n              48.17707562779612\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.40576171875,\n              48.17707562779612\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.40576171875,\n              48.50204750525715\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.7957763671875,\n              48.50204750525715\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.7957763671875,\n              48.17707562779612\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4154e4b0c8380cd65495","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, W.E. Jr.","contributorId":23489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"W.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kallemeyn, L.W.","contributorId":44864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kallemeyn","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willis, D.W.","contributorId":56179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030253,"text":"70030253 - 2006 - Lithospheric controls on the formation of provinces hosting giant orogenic gold deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030253","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithospheric controls on the formation of provinces hosting giant orogenic gold deposits","docAbstract":"Ages of giant gold systems (>500 t gold) cluster within well-defined periods of lithospheric growth at continental margins, and it is the orogen-scale processes during these mainly Late Archaean, Palaeoproterozoic and Phanerozoic times that ultimately determine gold endowment of a province in an orogen. A critical factor for giant orogenic gold provinces appears to be thickness of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) beneath a province at the time of gold mineralisation, as giant gold deposits are much more likely to develop in orogens with subducted oceanic or thin continental lithosphere. A proxy for the latter is a short pre-mineralisation crustal history such that thick SCLM was not developed before gold deposition. In constrast, orogens with protracted pre-mineralisation crustal histories are more likely to be characterised by a thick SCLM that is difficult to delaminate, and hence, such provinces will normally be poorly endowed. The nature of the lithosphere also influences the intrinsic gold concentrations of potential source rocks, with back-arc basalts, transitional basalts and basanites enriched in gold relative to other rock sequences. Thus, segments of orogens with thin lithosphere may enjoy the conjunction of giant-scale fluid flux through gold-enriched sequences. Although the nature of the lithosphere plays the crucial role in dictating which orogenic gold provinces will contain one or more giant deposits, the precise siting of those giants depends on the critical conjunction of a number of province-scale factors. Such features control plumbing systems, traps and seals in tectonically and lithospherically suitable terranes within orogens. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralium Deposita","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00126-005-0046-2","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Bierlein, F., Groves, D., Goldfarb, R., and Dube, B., 2006, Lithospheric controls on the formation of provinces hosting giant orogenic gold deposits: Mineralium Deposita, v. 40, no. 8, p. 874-886, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-005-0046-2.","startPage":"874","endPage":"886","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211914,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-005-0046-2"}],"volume":"40","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4893e4b0c8380cd67f7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bierlein, F.P.","contributorId":74945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bierlein","given":"F.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Groves, D.I.","contributorId":73616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groves","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dube, B.","contributorId":58096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dube","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030230,"text":"70030230 - 2006 - Restoration and colonization of freshwater mussels and fish in a southeastern United States tailwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70030230","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Restoration and colonization of freshwater mussels and fish in a southeastern United States tailwater","docAbstract":"The French Broad River originates in North Carolina, flows west into Tennessee and at its confluence with the Holston River forms the Tennessee River. Douglas Dam, located on the French Broad River 52 km above its mouth, is operated primarily for peaking hydroelectric power and flood control. Prior to completion of the dam in 1943, the lower French Broad River contained about 53 species of freshwater mussels and 100 species of fish. By 1977, the fauna in the 52-km-long tailwater was reduced to 12 species of mussels and 42 native species of fish. Improvements in tailwater conditions occurred following initiation of minimum flows in 1987, and consistent reaeration of discharge in 1993. From 1988 to 2002, we sampled three sites (4, 28, and 39 km downstream of the dam) to monitor the fish assemblage. Each year since 1988, we have collected one or more additional species, indicating continued immigration. We collected 82 native and 9 exotic species of fish overall, but the maximum of 67 species in 1 year suggests that some species reside in the tailwater at low densities or all immigrants may not successfully colonize the tailwater. There is limited potential for most extirpated species of mussels to naturally recolonize the tailwater because source populations are isolated. Consequently, 19 754 adult mussels of 19 species were introduced between 1997 and 2000. Survival of translocated mussels has been high, and successful reproduction of at least one translocated species has occurred. Additionally, four mussel species are naturally colonizing the tailwater. Colonization and recruitment of additional mussel species is expected as populations of their host fishes increase. We believe that the improved conditions of the tailwater may allow for the re-establishment of sustaining populations of 30 mussel species of historic occurrence, but the continued operation of Douglas Dam as a peaking hydroelectric project will reduce the probability of successfully reintroducing some species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/rra.919","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Layzer, J., and Scott, E., 2006, Restoration and colonization of freshwater mussels and fish in a southeastern United States tailwater: River Research and Applications, v. 22, no. 4, p. 475-491, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.919.","startPage":"475","endPage":"491","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212140,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.919"},{"id":239576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaabde4b0c8380cd864dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Layzer, J.B.","contributorId":53878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layzer","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, E.M. Jr.","contributorId":63617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"E.M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030221,"text":"70030221 - 2006 - Sexual dimorphism of the internal mandibular chamber in Fayum Pliohyracidae (Mammalia)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030221","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2491,"text":"Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sexual dimorphism of the internal mandibular chamber in Fayum Pliohyracidae (Mammalia)","docAbstract":"An internal mandibular fenestra and chamber are found in many fossil hyracoids. The internal mandibular fenestra is located on the lingual surface of the mandibular corpus and opens into a chamber within the mandible. The mandibular chamber is maximally developed in late Eocene Thyrohyrax meyeri and early Oligocene Thyrohyrax domorictus from the Fayum Province of Egypt. The function of this chamber is unknown as it is not found in extant hyraxes, nor is it known to occur in any other mammal. In Thyrohyrax, this feature appears to be sexually dimorphic because it is confined to roughly one half of the specimens that otherwise cannot be separated by dental characteristics or measurements. It has been suggested that the chamber is found in females based on the presumed distribution of this character in other fossil hyracoids. Fossils from Fayum Quarry L-41, preserving the sexually dimorphic anterior dentition, show that, in Thyrohyrax meyeri and Thyrohyrax domorictus, the internal mandibular chamber is found in males. In Thyrohyrax litholagus, an internal mandibular fenestra and inflated mandibular chamber occurs in males whereas females show the variable presence of an internal mandibular fossa or fenestra but lack an expanded chamber. Other genera show differing patterns of sexual variation in which some Fayum hyracoids have an internal mandibular fenestra in both sexes but with the greatest development of the mandibular chamber occurring in males. We review functions proposed for the internal mandibular chamber and suggest that it housed a laryngeal air sac that may have had a vocal function by acting as a resonating chamber. ?? 2006 by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[160:SDOTIM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"02724634","usgsCitation":"Blieux, D., Baumrind, M., Simons, E., Chatrath, P., Meyer, G., and Attia, Y., 2006, Sexual dimorphism of the internal mandibular chamber in Fayum Pliohyracidae (Mammalia): Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 26, no. 1, p. 160-169, https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[160:SDOTIM]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"160","endPage":"169","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212031,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[160:SDOTIM]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":239434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8dbde4b08c986b31852b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blieux, de","contributorId":81695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blieux","given":"de","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baumrind, M.R.","contributorId":99772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baumrind","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simons, E.L.","contributorId":57204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chatrath, P.S.","contributorId":80487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chatrath","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, G.E.","contributorId":41651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Attia, Y.S.","contributorId":101452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attia","given":"Y.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1003350,"text":"1003350 - 2006 - Polychlorinated biphenyl congener patterns in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting in the Housatonic River watershed, western Massachusetts, USA, using a novel statistical approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:11","indexId":"1003350","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polychlorinated biphenyl congener patterns in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting in the Housatonic River watershed, western Massachusetts, USA, using a novel statistical approach","docAbstract":"A novel application of a commonly used statistical approach was used to examine differences in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener Patterns among locations and sample matrices in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting in the Housatonic River watershed in western Massachusetts. USA. The most prevalent PCB congeners in tree swallow tissue samples from the Housatonic River watershed were Ballsmitter Zell numbers 153. 138 180, 187 149, 101, and 170. These congeners were seven of the eight most prevalent congeners in Aroclor (R) 1260, the PCB mixture that was the primary source of contamination in the Housatonic River system. Using paired-Euclidean distances and tolerance limits, it was demonstrated that conuener patterns in swallow tissues from sites on the main stem of the Housatonic River were more similar to one another than to two sites upstream of the contamination or from a nearby reference area. The congener patterns also differed between the reference area and the two upstream tributaries and between the two tributaries. These pattern differences were the same in both pipper (eggs or just hatched nestlings) and 12-day-old nestling samples. Lower-chlorinated congeners appeared to be metabolized in nestlings and pippers compared to diet. and metabolized more in pippers compared to nestlings. Euclidean distances and tolerance limits provide a simple and statistically valid method to compare PCB congener patterns among groups. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Custer, C.M., and Read, L., 2006, Polychlorinated biphenyl congener patterns in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting in the Housatonic River watershed, western Massachusetts, USA, using a novel statistical approach: Environmental Pollution, v. 142, no. 2, p. 235-245.","productDescription":"pp. 235-245","startPage":"235","endPage":"245","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"142","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db684407","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":31330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Read, L.B.","contributorId":72328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Read","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}