We estimated survival of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) for 1 year post weaning during 1992-1993 in Prince William Sound (PWS), location of the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. We sampled 38 pups in eastern PWS (EPWS), an unoiled area occupied by sea otters for <15 years, and 33 pups from oiled western PWS (WPWS), occupied for >25 years. We compared survival between areas, sexes, and condition groups. We also examined the relation of blood parameters to survival. Survival was estimated at 0.74 in EPWS and 0.52 in WPWS. Female survival was 0.86 in EPWS and 0.64 in WPWS, whereas male survival was lower, 0.61 in EPWS and 0.44 in WPWS. Sea otters from EPWS were in better condition (mass/length) than WPWS sea otters. Pups in better condition had higher survival in EPWS but not in WPWS. Foraging success was greater in EPWS than in WPWS, consistent with either an effect of length of occupation or the effects of oil on the prey base or a combination of these effects. Area differences in blood parameters suggested liver damage in WPWS sea otters, perhaps resulting from continued exposure to oil. Thus, both length of occupation and oiling history likely influenced juvenile survival in PWS.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/z03-121","usgsCitation":"Ballachey, B.E., Bodkin, J.L., Howlin, S., Doroff, A., and Rebar, A., 2003, Correlates to survival of juvenile sea otters in Prince William Sound, Alaska, 1992-1993: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 81, no. 9, p. 1494-1510, https://doi.org/10.1139/z03-121.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1494","endPage":"1510","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387431,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.86474609375,\n 59.701013531997326\n ],\n [\n -145.43701171875,\n 59.701013531997326\n ],\n [\n -145.43701171875,\n 61.13262899079795\n ],\n [\n -148.86474609375,\n 61.13262899079795\n ],\n [\n -148.86474609375,\n 59.701013531997326\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howlin, S.","contributorId":94624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howlin","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doroff, A. M.","contributorId":92995,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doroff","given":"A. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rebar, A.H.","contributorId":40150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rebar","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":51971,"text":"wri034075 - 2003 - Water-quality assessment of the eastern Iowa Basins: Selected pesticides and pesticide degradates in streams, 1996-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-22T22:47:25.09196","indexId":"wri034075","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4075","title":"Water-quality assessment of the eastern Iowa Basins: Selected pesticides and pesticide degradates in streams, 1996-98","docAbstract":"Water samples were collected in streams of the Eastern Iowa Basins study unit from 1996 to 1998 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. More than 350 samples were collected to document the occurrence, distribution, and transport of pesticides and pesticide degradates. The Eastern Iowa Basins study unit encompasses about 50,500 square kilometers (19,500 square miles) in eastern Iowa and southern Minnesota and is drained by four major rivers—the Wapsipinicon, Cedar, Iowa, and Skunk—which flow into the Mississippi River at the eastern border of Iowa.
\nThe most commonly detected pesticides— acetochlor, alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, and metolachlor—were those most heavily used on crops during the study. Atrazine and metolachlor were detected in 100 percent, and acetochlor, alachlor and cyanazine were detected in more than 70 percent of all surface-water samples. Four pesticide degradates—metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid, alachlor ethane sulfonic acid, metolachlor oxanilic acid, and acetochlor ethane sulfonic acid were detected in more than 75 percent of the samples. Only one nonagricultural herbicide, prometon, was detected in more than 80 percent of the samples. Carbofuran, the most commonly detected insecticide, was found in 16 percent of all samples.
\nMixtures of pesticide compounds commonly occurred in the samples. Five or more parent pesticide compounds were detected in 50 percent of the samples. Four or more pesticide degradates were detected in 68 percent and seven or more pesticide degradates were detected in 17 percent of the samples. Acetochlor, alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, and metolachlor were generally present at low concentrations; median concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 0.22 microgram per liter. However, median concentrations for the pesticide degra-dates, 0.07 to 3.7 micrograms per liter, were larger than their parent compounds. Acetochlor, alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, and metolachlor pesticide compounds were detected at an order of magnitude or higher in the late spring and summer than at other times of the year. Pesticide concentrations generally peak following application in May and June and decrease during the growing season. A small secondary peak of atrazine, acetochlor, alachlor, cyanazine, and metolachlor concentrations occurred in late winter at all sites. The seasonal patterns for the triazine (atrazine and cyanazine) degradates were similar to the parent compounds (increasing in the spring), but the triazine degra-dates often had higher median concentrations than their parent compounds in the fall and winter. The chloroacetanilide (acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor) degradates did not follow a strong seasonal pattern like their parent compounds. In general, the chloroacetanilide degradates had constant and higher median concentrations when compared to their parent compounds throughout the year. The median concentrations for the chloroacetanilide pesticide degradates were often an order of magnitude higher than their parent compounds.
\nConcentrations of pesticides varied by land-form region. Atrazine and cyanazine and their degradates were present in significantly greater concentrations in streams of the Southern Iowa Drift Plain than streams of either the Des Moines Lobe or the Iowan Surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri034075","usgsCitation":"Schnoebelen, D.J., Kalkhoff, S.J., Becher, K., and Thurman, E., 2003, Water-quality assessment of the eastern Iowa Basins: Selected pesticides and pesticide degradates in streams, 1996-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4075, vi, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034075.","productDescription":"vi, 62 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":396298,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_59080.htm"},{"id":4533,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/wri034075/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"eastern Iowa Basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.24169921875,\n 41.85319643776675\n ],\n [\n -90.439453125,\n 41.64828831259535\n ],\n [\n -90.758056640625,\n 41.508577297439324\n ],\n [\n -91.153564453125,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -91.219482421875,\n 41.236511201246216\n ],\n [\n -91.0546875,\n 40.979898069620155\n ],\n [\n -91.241455078125,\n 40.75557964275591\n ],\n [\n -91.614990234375,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -91.856689453125,\n 40.68896903762434\n ],\n [\n -92.373046875,\n 40.979898069620155\n ],\n [\n -92.70263671874999,\n 41.20345619205129\n ],\n [\n -93.09814453125,\n 41.409775832009565\n ],\n [\n -93.50463867187499,\n 41.52502957323801\n ],\n [\n -93.702392578125,\n 41.73852846935917\n ],\n [\n -93.966064453125,\n 41.9921602333763\n ],\n [\n -93.97705078125,\n 42.26917949243506\n ],\n [\n -93.80126953124999,\n 42.391008609205045\n ],\n [\n -93.7353515625,\n 42.53689200787317\n ],\n [\n -93.71337890625,\n 42.73894375124379\n ],\n [\n -93.922119140625,\n 43.02874525134882\n ],\n [\n -94.09790039062499,\n 43.23719944365308\n ],\n [\n -94.053955078125,\n 43.476840397778915\n ],\n [\n -93.75732421875,\n 43.67581809328341\n ],\n [\n -93.515625,\n 43.874138181474734\n ],\n [\n -93.09814453125,\n 43.59630591596548\n ],\n [\n -92.43896484375,\n 43.1090040242731\n ],\n [\n -92.318115234375,\n 42.89206418807337\n ],\n [\n -92.16430664062499,\n 42.819580715795915\n ],\n [\n -92.032470703125,\n 42.53689200787317\n ],\n [\n -91.790771484375,\n 42.374778361114195\n ],\n [\n -91.47216796875,\n 42.17968819665961\n ],\n [\n -91.175537109375,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -90.867919921875,\n 41.934976500546604\n ],\n [\n -90.802001953125,\n 41.78769700539063\n ],\n [\n -90.5712890625,\n 41.73852846935917\n ],\n [\n -90.24169921875,\n 41.85319643776675\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","tableOfContents":"Abstract
Introduction
Purpose and scope
Description of the Eastern Iowa Basins
Geomorphology
Climate
Streamflow
Land Use
Pesticide Use and Properties
Study Design and Methods of Study
Sampling Site Selection
Sampling Methods
Analytical Methods
Quality Assurance/Quality Control
Data Analysis
Statistical Analysis of Pesticide and Pesticide Degradates
Ancillary Data
Pesticides and Pesticide Degradates in Streams
Occurrence and Distribution
Seasonal Variability
Spatial Variability
Relevance of Pesticides in Streams
Human Health
Aquatic Life
Summary and Conclusions
References
Appendix
This report describes a two-dimensional regional screening model and two associated three-dimensional ground-water flow models that were developed to simulate the ground-water flow systems in La Crosse County, Wisconsin, and Pool 8 of the Mississippi River. Although the geographic extents of the three-dimensional models were slightly different, both were derived from the same geologic interpretation and regional screening model, and their calibrations were performed concurrently. The objectives of the La Crosse County (LCC) model were to assess the effects of recent (1990s) and potential future ground-water withdrawals and to provide a tool suitable to evaluate the effects of proposed water-management programs. The Pool 8 model objectives were to quantify the magnitude and distribution of ground-water flow into the Pool. The Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey and the U.S. Geological Survey developed the models cooperatively. The report describes: 1) the conceptual hydrogeologic model; 2) the methods used in simulating flow; 3) model calibration and sensitivity analysis; and 4) model results, such as simulation of predevelopment conditions and location and magnitude of ground-water discharge into Pool 8 of the Mississippi.
\nThree aquifer units underlie the model area: 1) a shallow unconsolidated sand and gravel aquifer; 2) an upper bedrock aquifer, composed of Cambrian and Ordovician sandstone and dolomite; and 3) a lower bedrock aquifer composed of Cambrian sandstone of the Eau Claire Formation and the Mount Simon Formation. A shale layer that is part of the Eau Claire Formation forms a confining unit separating the upper and lower bedrock aquifers. This confining unit is absent in the Black River and parts of the La Crosse and Mississippi River valleys. Precambrian crystalline basement rock forms the lower base of the ground-water flow system.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey ground-water flow model code, MODFLOW, was used to develop the La Crosse County (LCC) and Pool 8 ground-water flow models. Boundary conditions for the MODFLOW model were extracted from an analytic element screening model of the regional flow system surrounding La Crosse County. Model input was obtained from previously published and unpublished geologic and hydrologic data. Pumpages from municipal and high-capacity wells were also simulated.
\nModel calibration included a comparison of modeled and field-measured water levels and field-measured base flows to simulated stream flows. At calibration, most measured water levels compared favorably to model-calculated water levels. Simulated streamflows at two targets were within 3 percent of estimated measured base flows. Mass balance results from the LCC and Pool 8 models indicated that 63 to 74 percent of ground water was from recharge and 19 to 26 percent was from surface-water sources. Ground-water flow out of the model was to rivers and streams (85 to 87 percent) and pumping wells (11 and 13 percent).
\nThe model demonstrates the effects of development on ground water in the study area. The maximum simulated water-level decline in the city of La Crosse metropolitan area is 9.3 feet. Simulated stream losses are similar to the amount of ground water pumped by wells. This indicates that ground water withdrawn by La Crosse County wells is water that under predevelopment conditions discharged to streams and lakes.
\nThe models provide estimates of the locations and amount of ground-water flow into Pool 8 and the southern portion of Pool 7 of the Mississippi River. Ground-water discharges into all areas of the pools, except along the eastern shore in the vicinity of the city of La Crosse and immediately downgradient from lock and dam 7 and 8. Ground-water flow into the pools is generally greatest around the perimeter with decreasing amounts away from the perimeter. An area of relatively high ground-water discharge extends out towards the center of Pool 7 from the upper reaches of the pool and may
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034154","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with La Crosse County, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, and Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., Saad, D.A., and Chapel, D.M., 2003, Numerical simulation of ground-water flow in La Crosse County, Wisconsin, and into nearby pools of the Mississippi River: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4154, vi, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034154.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":182124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311306,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034154/pdf/WRIR-03-4154.pdf"},{"id":5242,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034154/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"La Crosse 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Crosse\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db6554de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":245882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saad, David A. dasaad@usgs.gov","contributorId":121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"David","email":"dasaad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":245881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapel, Dawn M.","contributorId":66782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapel","given":"Dawn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70122921,"text":"70122921 - 2003 - Tropical Storm Isidore and Hurricane Lili: Louisiana barrier shoreline response, preliminary results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-29T11:50:15","indexId":"70122921","displayToPublicDate":"2003-08-29T11:44:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1871,"text":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tropical Storm Isidore and Hurricane Lili: Louisiana barrier shoreline response, preliminary results","docAbstract":"In a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, University of New Orleans, and Louisiana's Department of Natural Resources, Louisiana's barrier islands were surveyed with airborne topographic lidar and oblique aerialphotography both before and after the impacts of 2002's Tropical Storm Isidore and Hurricane Lili. The surveys were compared to quantify the magnitudes and patterns of erosion and accretion in both natural areas and areas that had been subjected to major restoration. Wave runup exceeded the elevation of the entire Isles Dernieres barrier chain creating overwash deposits that, in places, were driven landward ~ 300 m. This response was not as severe as observed during Hurricane Andrew in 1992 when the Isles Dernieres were completely and continuously inundated and sand bodies were driven landward on the order of 1 km. Based on a comparison of surveys before and after the combined impacts of Lili and Isidore, the largest shoreline change occurred at the east end of East Island and reached ~ 130 m of erosion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies","usgsCitation":"Sallenger, A., Penland, S., and Krabill, W., 2003, Tropical Storm Isidore and Hurricane Lili: Louisiana barrier shoreline response, preliminary results: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 53, p. 733-740.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"733","endPage":"740","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293193,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293192,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/gcags/data/053/053001/0733.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Isles Dernieres","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.9459,29.0407 ], [ -90.9459,29.0975 ], [ -90.6065,29.0975 ], [ -90.6065,29.0407 ], [ -90.9459,29.0407 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"53","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"540193d6e4b0ae951d96066f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sallenger, Asbury","contributorId":83339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"Asbury","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Penland, Shea","contributorId":88401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penland","given":"Shea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":499757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabill, William","contributorId":69013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabill","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70122660,"text":"70122660 - 2003 - Influence of climate on deep-water clastic sedimentation: application of a modern model, Peru-Chile Trough, to an ancient system, Ouachita Trough","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-27T10:55:57","indexId":"70122660","displayToPublicDate":"2003-08-27T10:49:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1247,"text":"Climate Controls on Stratigraphy: SEPM Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of climate on deep-water clastic sedimentation: application of a modern model, Peru-Chile Trough, to an ancient system, Ouachita Trough","docAbstract":"Traditionally, an abrupt and massive influx of siliciclastic sediments into an area of deposition has been attributed to tectonic uplift without consideration of the influence of climate or climatic change on rates of weathering, erosion, transportation, and deposition. With few exceptions, fluvial sediment transport is minimal in both extremely arid climates and in perhumid (everwet) climates. Maximum sediment transport occurs in climates characterized by strongly seasonal rainfall, where the effect of vegetation on erosion is minimal.
\nThe Peru–Chile trench and Andes Mountain system (P–CT/AMS) of the eastern Pacific Ocean clearly illustrates the effects of climate on rates of weathering, erosion, transport, and deep-sea sedimentation. Terrigenous sediment is virtually absent in the arid belt north of lat. 30° S in the P–CT, but in the belt of seasonal rainfall south of lat. 30° S terrigenous sediment is abundant. Spatial variations in the amount and seasonality of annual precipitation are now generally accepted as the cause for this difference. The spatial variation in sediment supply to the P–CT appears to be an excellent modern analogue for the temporal variation in sediment supply to certain ancient systems, such as the Ouachita Trough in the southern United States.
\nBy comparison, during the Ordovician through the early Mississippian, sediment was deposited at very slow rates as the Ouachita Trough moved northward through the southern hemisphere dry belt (lat. 10° S to lat. 30° S). The deposystem approached the tropical humid zone during the Mississippian, coincident with increased coarse clastic sedimentation. By the Middle Pennsylvanian (Atokan), the provenance area and the deposystem moved well into the tropical humid zone, and as much as 8,500 m of mineralogically mature (but texturally immature) quartz sand was introduced and deposited. This increase in clastic sediment deposition traditionally has been attributed solely to tectonic activity. However, we contend that the principal control on the introduction of abundant terrigenous sediment was the movement of the deposystem from an arid or semiarid climate into a seasonally wetter climatic regime. The physical and mineralogical maturity of the quartz sand is the result of tropical weathering in provenance areas.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climate Controls on Stratigraphy: SEPM Special Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.2110/pec.03.77.0185","usgsCitation":"Edgar, N.T., and Cecil, C.B., 2003, Influence of climate on deep-water clastic sedimentation: application of a modern model, Peru-Chile Trough, to an ancient system, Ouachita Trough: Climate Controls on Stratigraphy: SEPM Special Publication, v. 77, p. 185-191, https://doi.org/10.2110/pec.03.77.0185.","productDescription":"7","startPage":"185","endPage":"191","costCenters":[{"id":183,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293087,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2110/pec.03.77.0185"}],"country":"Chile;Peru;United States","volume":"77","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fef0dee4b01f35f8fd69cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edgar, N. Terence","contributorId":14388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edgar","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"Terence","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cecil, C. Blaine 0000-0002-9032-1689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-1689","contributorId":22797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159344,"text":"70159344 - 2003 - Thematic accuracy of the 1992 National Land-Cover Data for the eastern United States: Statistical methodology and regional results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T11:55:48","indexId":"70159344","displayToPublicDate":"2003-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thematic accuracy of the 1992 National Land-Cover Data for the eastern United States: Statistical methodology and regional results","docAbstract":"The accuracy of the 1992 National Land-Cover Data (NLCD) map is assessed via a probability sampling design incorporating three levels of stratification and two stages of selection. Agreement between the map and reference land-cover labels is defined as a match between the primary or alternate reference label determined for a sample pixel and a mode class of the mapped 3×3 block of pixels centered on the sample pixel. Results are reported for each of the four regions comprising the eastern United States for both Anderson Level I and II classifications. Overall accuracies for Levels I and II are 80% and 46% for New England, 82% and 62% for New York/New Jersey (NY/NJ), 70% and 43% for the Mid-Atlantic, and 83% and 66% for the Southeast.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00128-7","usgsCitation":"Stehman, S., Wickham, J., Smith, J., and Yang, L., 2003, Thematic accuracy of the 1992 National Land-Cover Data for the eastern United States: Statistical methodology and regional results: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 86, no. 4, p. 500-516, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00128-7.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"500","endPage":"516","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562a08f7e4b011227bf1fdf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stehman, S.V.","contributorId":91974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stehman","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27852,"text":"State University of New York, Syracuse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wickham, J.D.","contributorId":28329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickham","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, J.H.","contributorId":49331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yang, L.","contributorId":6200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":51398,"text":"ofr03259 - 2003 - The geochemical landscape of northwestern Wisconsin and adjacent parts of northern Michigan and Minnesota (geochemical data files)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T09:29:37","indexId":"ofr03259","displayToPublicDate":"2003-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-259","title":"The geochemical landscape of northwestern Wisconsin and adjacent parts of northern Michigan and Minnesota (geochemical data files)","docAbstract":"This data set consists of nine files of geochemical information on various types of surficial deposits in northwestern Wisconsin and immediately adjacent parts of Michigan and Minnesota. The files are presented in two formats: as dbase files in dbaseIV form and Microsoft Excel form. The data present multi-element chemical analyses of soils, stream sediments, and lake sediments. Latitude and longitude values are provided in each file so that the dbf files can be readily imported to GIS applications. Metadata files are provided in outline form, question and answer form and text form. The metadata includes information on procedures for sample collection, sample preparation, and chemical analyses including sensitivity and precision.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03259","usgsCitation":"Cannon, W.F., and Woodruff, L.G., 2003, The geochemical landscape of northwestern Wisconsin and adjacent parts of northern Michigan and Minnesota (geochemical data files) (Version 1.0, Online Only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-259, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03259.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4405,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":51392,"text":"ofr2003276 - 2003 - Bedrock, soil, and lichen geochemistry from Isle Royale National Park, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-18T14:06:59","indexId":"ofr2003276","displayToPublicDate":"2003-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-276","title":"Bedrock, soil, and lichen geochemistry from Isle Royale National Park, Michigan","docAbstract":"Isle Royale National Park, Michigan, is a large island in northeastern Lake Superior that became a national park in 1940 and was designated as a wilderness area in 1976. The relative isolation of Isle Royale (Figure 1), 25 kilometers out in Lake Superior from the Canadian mainland, its generally harsh climate, and its status as a wilderness national park have minimized human influence on the geochemical evolution of its landscape.
\nUSGS sampling on Isle Royale began in 1996 as part of a larger project on the geology of the Midcontinent rift in the Lake Superior region and continued through 2000. Sampling began with collecting bedrock samples to characterize the geochemistry of the volcanic rocks that make up the much of the island, as well as samples representative of the minor native copper mineralization found on the island. Preliminary results from the bedrock study indicated, among other findings, that basaltic bedrock on the island had no detectable mercury, but that there was an association between native copper mineralization and trace amounts of mercury (Cannon and Woodruff, 1999). This finding and the recognition by the National Park Service that 6 of 32 inland lakes on Isle Royale have mercury levels in game fish that exceed State of Michigan acceptable levels for human consumption (Kallemeyn, 2000) resulted in renewed sampling on the island focused more on environmental issues.
\nTo evaluate atmospheric inputs of mercury and other elements to soil geochemistry, regionally distributed samples of both soils and lichens were collected as paired samples across the entire island. At each soil sample site, three epiphytic (grows in trees) lichen species, Evernia mesomorpha, Hypogymnia plysodes, and Parmelia sucata, were always collected. At some sites Cladina rangiferina, a lichen that grows on bare bedrock and soil surfaces, was also collected. The occurrence of Cladina rangiferina on the island is somewhat limited, and so this lichen species was not collected at all sites.
\nA high density of soil samples was collected within three individual watersheds (Sargent Lake, Lake Wagejo, and Lake Richie) for a localized study that evaluated the terrestrial distribution of mercury and other elements of environmental concern. These lakes were chosen using data from Kallemeyn (2000) that showed that Sargent Lake and Lake Wagejo have high mercury in fish, whereas Lake Richie, which is similar in size to Sargent Lake, does not. As part of this study on the terrestrial contribution of mercury to lakes, long cores of lake sediments were recovered from Sargent Lake and Lake Richie using a modified Livingston piston sampler.
\nFor an ancillary study that evolved from the study on the distribution of mercury in certain watersheds, some soil samples were collected to evaluate the impact of forest fire on soil geochemistry, deliberately sampling within and outside areas on the island that burned in severe forest fires in 1936. To complete bedrock sampling on the island, rock samples from the Copper Harbor Formation, a sedimentary unit that occurs on the southeastern part of the island were collected in 1999.
\nThis report presents all the geochemical data from samples collected by the USGS during this period (Figures 1 and 2). A number of reports presenting data interpretation are in preparation
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr2003276","usgsCitation":"Woodruff, L.G., Cannon, W.F., Dicken, C.L., Bennett, J.P., and Nicholson, S.W., 2003, Bedrock, soil, and lichen geochemistry from Isle Royale National Park, Michigan (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-276, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2003276.","productDescription":"17 p.","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4399,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-276/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Isle Royale National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.219970703125,\n 47.912660308427654\n ],\n [\n -89.18289184570312,\n 47.93566683402829\n ],\n [\n -89.11148071289062,\n 47.964180715412276\n ],\n [\n -88.99749755859375,\n 48.001868461482424\n ],\n [\n -88.93295288085938,\n 48.02575375138845\n ],\n [\n -88.92196655273438,\n 48.02024274341273\n ],\n [\n -88.90411376953125,\n 48.02483529097477\n ],\n [\n -88.8958740234375,\n 48.03310084552225\n ],\n [\n -88.86154174804688,\n 48.05513584361998\n ],\n [\n -88.857421875,\n 48.045955739960114\n ],\n [\n -88.81210327148436,\n 48.057889555610984\n ],\n [\n -88.77365112304688,\n 48.07440873478364\n ],\n [\n 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woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, William F. 0000-0002-2699-8118 wcannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":1883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"wcannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dicken, Connie L. 0000-0002-1617-8132 cdicken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1617-8132","contributorId":57098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dicken","given":"Connie","email":"cdicken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bennett, James P.","contributorId":100323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nicholson, Suzanne W. 0000-0002-9365-1894 swnich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9365-1894","contributorId":880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Suzanne","email":"swnich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":243439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":48848,"text":"wri024259 - 2003 - Hydrogeology and geochemistry of aquifers underlying the San Lorenzo and San Leandro areas of the East Bay Plain, Alameda County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-10T08:50:01","indexId":"wri024259","displayToPublicDate":"2003-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4259","title":"Hydrogeology and geochemistry of aquifers underlying the San Lorenzo and San Leandro areas of the East Bay Plain, Alameda County, California","docAbstract":"The East Bay Plain, on the densely populated eastern shore of San Francisco Bay, contains an upper aquifer system to depths of 250 feet below land surface and an underlying lower aquifer system to depths of more than 650 feet. Injection and recovery of imported water has been proposed for deep aquifers at two sites within the lower aquifer system. Successful operation requires that the injected water be isolated from surface sources of poor-quality water during storage and recovery. Hydraulic, geochemical, and isotopic data were used to evaluate the isolation of deeper aquifers.\r\n\r\n\r\nGround-water responses to tidal changes in the Bay suggest that thick clay layers present within these deposits effectively isolate the deeper aquifers in the northern part of the study area from overlying surficial deposits. These data also suggest that the areal extent of the shallow and deep aquifers beneath the Bay may be limited in the northern part of the study area. Despite its apparent hydraulic isolation, the lower aquifer system may be connected to the overlying upper aquifer system through the corroded and failed casings of abandoned wells. Water-level measurements in observation wells and downward flow measured in selected wells during nonpumped conditions suggest that water may flow through wells from the upper aquifer system into the lower aquifer system during nonpumped conditions.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe chemistry of water from wells in the East Bay Plain ranges from fresh to saline; salinity is greater than seawater in shallow estuarine deposits near the Bay. Water from wells completed in the lower aquifer system has higher pH, higher sodium, chloride, and manganese concentrations, and lower calcium concentrations and alkalinity than does water from wells completed in the overlying upper aquifer system. Ground-water recharge temperatures derived from noble-gas data indicate that highly focused recharge processes from infiltration of winter streamflow and more diffuse recharge processes from infiltration of precipitation occur within the study area. However, recharge of imported water from leaking water-supply pipes, believed by previous investigators to be a large source of ground-water recharge, was not supported on the basis of oxygen-18 and deuterium data collected as part of this study.\r\n\r\n\r\nBased on tritium/helium-3 ages, most water in the upper aquifer system is relatively young and was recharged after 1952; however, water in the lower aquifer system is older and does not contain detectable tritium. Carbon-14 ages interpreted for water from wells in the lower aquifer system and underlying partly consolidated rocks range from 500 to more than 20,000 years before present. The greatest ages were in water from wells completed in the partly consolidated deposits that underlie the northern part of the study area. Ground water from wells in the lower aquifer system near the proposed Bayside injection/recovery site was recharged about 9,400 years before present and appears to be isolated from surface sources of recharge and ground-water contamination.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024259","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., Borchers, J.W., Leighton, D.A., Kulongoski, J., Fields, L., Galloway, D.L., and Michel, R.L., 2003, Hydrogeology and geochemistry of aquifers underlying the San Lorenzo and San Leandro areas of the East Bay Plain, Alameda County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4259, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024259.","productDescription":"71 p.","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4068,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024259/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Alameda County","otherGeospatial":"East Bay Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.98095703125,\n 37.28279464911045\n ],\n [\n -121.6680908203125,\n 37.28279464911045\n ],\n [\n -121.6680908203125,\n 38.20797181420939\n ],\n [\n -122.98095703125,\n 38.20797181420939\n ],\n [\n -122.98095703125,\n 37.28279464911045\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625a6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":238419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borchers, James W.","contributorId":25931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borchers","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leighton, David A.","contributorId":95493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leighton","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kulongoski, Justin T. 0000-0002-3498-4154 kulongos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"Justin T.","email":"kulongos@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":238418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fields, Latoya","contributorId":65124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fields","given":"Latoya","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Galloway, Devin L. 0000-0003-0904-5355 dlgallow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Devin","email":"dlgallow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":238416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Michel, Robert L. rlmichel@usgs.gov","contributorId":823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"Robert","email":"rlmichel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":238417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":51466,"text":"ofr0381 - 2003 - Water quality and depth to water, 2001-02, and graphs of selected constituents and depth to water, period of record through 2002, in selected wells, eastern Bernalillo County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T19:58:53.322067","indexId":"ofr0381","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-81","title":"Water quality and depth to water, 2001-02, and graphs of selected constituents and depth to water, period of record through 2002, in selected wells, eastern Bernalillo County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0381","usgsCitation":"Blanchard, P.J., 2003, Water quality and depth to water, 2001-02, and graphs of selected constituents and depth to water, period of record through 2002, in selected wells, eastern Bernalillo County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-81, iv, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0381.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":86547,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0081/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":175907,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0081/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":415293,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_55159.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Bernalillo County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.4589,\n 35.2167\n ],\n [\n -106.4589,\n 34.8703\n ],\n [\n -106.1667,\n 34.8703\n ],\n [\n -106.1667,\n 35.2167\n ],\n [\n -106.4589,\n 35.2167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9c47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blanchard, Paul J.","contributorId":24388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69637,"text":"i2789 - 2003 - Map of surficial deposits and materials in the eastern and central United States (east of 102 degrees West longitude)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:34","indexId":"i2789","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2789","title":"Map of surficial deposits and materials in the eastern and central United States (east of 102 degrees West longitude)","docAbstract":"This data set contains surficial geologic units in the Eastern and Central \r\n United States, as well as a glacial limit line showing the position of \r\n maximum glacial advance during various geologic time periods. The \r\n geologic units represent surficial deposits and other surface materials \r\n that accumulated or formed during the past 2+ million years, such as \r\n soils, alluvium, and glacial deposits. These surface materials are \r\n referred to collectively by many geologists as regolith, the mantle of \r\n fragmented and generally unconsolidated material that overlies the bedrock \r\n foundation of a continent. \r\n\r\n This data set and the printed map produced from it, U.S. Geological Survey \r\n (USGS) Geologic Investigation Series I-2789, were based on 31 published \r\n maps in the USGS's Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States map \r\n series (USGS Miscellaneous Investigations Series I-1420). The data were \r\n compiled at 1:1,000,000 scale, to be viewed as a digital map at \r\n 1:2,000,000 nominal scale and to be printed as a conventional paper map at \r\n 1:2,500,000 scale.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2789","isbn":"0607893699","usgsCitation":"Fullerton, D.S., Bush, C.A., and Pennell, J.N., 2003, Map of surficial deposits and materials in the eastern and central United States (east of 102 degrees West longitude): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2789, 1 map : col. ; 116 x 117 cm., on sheet 121 x 130 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. + 1 pamphlet (46 p. ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/i2789.","productDescription":"1 map : col. ; 116 x 117 cm., on sheet 121 x 130 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. + 1 pamphlet (46 p. ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110437,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_55297.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"55297"},{"id":191705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6290,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2789/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2500000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102,24 ], [ -102,49 ], [ -67,49 ], [ -67,24 ], [ -102,24 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a93e4b07f02db65828c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fullerton, David S. fullerton@usgs.gov","contributorId":448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fullerton","given":"David","email":"fullerton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bush, Charles A. cbush@usgs.gov","contributorId":1258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"Charles","email":"cbush@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pennell, Jean N.","contributorId":107793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pennell","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":51966,"text":"wri034105 - 2003 - Concentrations of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and inorganic constituents in ambient surface soils, Chicago, Illinois: 2001-02","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T22:45:40.029871","indexId":"wri034105","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4105","title":"Concentrations of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and inorganic constituents in ambient surface soils, Chicago, Illinois: 2001-02","docAbstract":"Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds are ubiquitous in ambient surface soils in the city of Chicago, Illinois. PAH concentrations in samples collected in June 2001 and January 2002 were typically in the following order from highest to lowest: fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, phenanthrene, benzo(a)pyrene, chrysene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, and anthracene. Naphthalene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, and fluorene were consistently at the lowest concentrations in each sample. \r\nConcentrations of the PAH compounds showed variable correlation. Concentrations of PAH compounds with higher molecular weights typically show a higher degree of correlation with other PAH compounds of higher molecular weight, whereas PAH compounds with lower molecular weights tended to show a lower degree of correlation with all other PAH compounds. These differences indicate that high and low molecular-weight PAHs behave differentl y once released into the environment. \r\n\r\nConcentrations of individual PAH compounds in soils typically varied by at least three orders of magnitude across the city and varied by more than an order of magnitude over a distance of about 1,000 feet. Concentrations of a given PAH in ambient surface soils are affected by a variety of site-specific factors, and may be affected by proximity to industrial areas. Concentrations of a given PAH in ambient surface soils did not appear to be affected the organic carbon content of the soil, proximity to non-industrial land use, or proximity to a roadway. \r\n\r\nThe concentration of the different PAH compounds in ambient surface soils appears to be affected by the propensity for the PAH compound to be in the vapor or particulate phase in the atmosphere. Lower molecular-weight PAH compounds, which are primarily in the vapor phase in the atmosphere, were detected in lower concentrations in the surface soils. Higher molecular-weight PAH compounds, which are present primarily in the particulate phase in the atmosphere, tended to be in higher concentrations in the surface soils. The apparent effect of the PAH phase in the atmosphere on the concentration of a PAH in ambient surface soils indicates that atmospheric settling of particulate matter is an important source of the PAH compounds in ambient surface soils in Chicago. \r\n\r\nThe distribution of PAH compounds within the city was complex. Comparatively high concentrations were detected near Lake Michigan in the northern part of the city, in much of the western part of the city, and in isolated areas in the southern part of the city. Concentrations were lower in much of the northwestern, south-central, southwestern, and far southern parts of the city. \r\n\r\nThe arithmetic mean concentration of arsenic, mercury, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, copper, molybdenum, zinc, and selenium was from 2 to 6 times higher in ambient surface soils in the city of Chicago than in soils from surrounding agricultural areas. The arithmetic mean concentration of lead in Chicago soils was about 20 times higher. Concentrations of calcium and magnesium above those of surrounding agricultural areas appear to be related to the effects of dolomite bedrock on the chemical composition of the soil. Elevated concentrations of the remaining elements listed above indicate a potential anthropogenic source(s) of these elements in Chicago soils.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034105","usgsCitation":"Kay, R.T., Arnold, T., Cannon, W.F., Graham, D., Morton, E., and Bienert, R., 2003, Concentrations of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and inorganic constituents in ambient surface soils, Chicago, Illinois: 2001-02: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4105, v, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034105.","productDescription":"v, 79 p.","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4529,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubsearch/reports.cgi/view?series=WRIR&number=03-4105","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4105/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":395106,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_59105.htm"},{"id":86632,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4105/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Chicago","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.1158447265625,\n 41.6770148220322\n ],\n [\n -86.978759765625,\n 41.6770148220322\n ],\n [\n -86.978759765625,\n 42.094146370922736\n ],\n [\n -88.1158447265625,\n 42.094146370922736\n ],\n [\n -88.1158447265625,\n 41.6770148220322\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698d2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kay, Robert T. 0000-0002-6281-8997 rtkay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-8997","contributorId":1122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kay","given":"Robert","email":"rtkay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":244562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arnold, Terri 0000-0003-1406-6054 tlarnold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1406-6054","contributorId":1598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnold","given":"Terri","email":"tlarnold@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":244563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannon, William F. 0000-0002-2699-8118 wcannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":1883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"wcannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":244564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graham, David","contributorId":67157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morton, Eric","contributorId":84001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bienert, Raymond","contributorId":28662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bienert","given":"Raymond","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70210763,"text":"70210763 - 2003 - Pleistocene glaciations of the Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-23T18:26:10.235233","indexId":"70210763","displayToPublicDate":"2003-06-23T13:15:30","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5919,"text":"Developments in Quaternary Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pleistocene glaciations of the Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"This chapter presents the status of Rocky Mountain glacial studies in 1965 and progress from that time to the present. The Rocky Mountains and the adjacent Basin and Range of the United States consist of about 100 ranges distributed in a northwest trending belt 2,000 km long and 200–800 km wide. In 1965, Rocky Mountain glacial subdivisions and correlations are closely linked with those of the mid-continent. Also, erratic boulders and diamictons well beyond or above moraines of Pinedale and Bull Lake age are noted at many sites in the Rocky Mountains and are attributed to an older glaciation, vastly more extensive than the Bull Lake or Pinedale. Global climate models suggest that glacial-anticyclonic circulation weaken westerly flow and results in air that is cooler and drier than present, particularly for the northern Rocky Mountains. More precisely dated, glacial and lacustrine records may reveal patterns in such nonparallelism from south to north (colder) or east to west (wetter) throughout the Rocky Mountains.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1571-0866(03)01004-2","usgsCitation":"Pierce, K.L., 2003, Pleistocene glaciations of the Rocky Mountains: Developments in Quaternary Sciences, v. 1, p. 63-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1571-0866(03)01004-2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"76","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375824,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho,Nevada New Mexico, Montana, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Late Wisconsin glaciers in the Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.501953125,\n 46.98025235521883\n ],\n [\n -117.158203125,\n 47.989921667414194\n ],\n [\n -121.37695312499999,\n 47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -122.78320312499999,\n 47.21956811231547\n ],\n [\n -124.18945312500001,\n 47.57652571374621\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 43.51668853502906\n ],\n [\n -124.01367187499999,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -124.8046875,\n 40.245991504199026\n ],\n [\n -121.11328124999999,\n 34.74161249883172\n ],\n [\n -118.037109375,\n 33.797408767572485\n ],\n [\n -117.0703125,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -114.2578125,\n 32.62087018318113\n ],\n [\n -111.181640625,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n -102.83203125,\n 32.175612478499325\n ],\n [\n -103.271484375,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -101.865234375,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -102.216796875,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -104.150390625,\n 41.11246878918088\n ],\n [\n -104.0625,\n 46.73986059969267\n ],\n [\n -104.501953125,\n 46.98025235521883\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, Kenneth L. kpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":1609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Kenneth","email":"kpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69693,"text":"mf2327C - 2003 - Geochemistry, geochronology, mineralogy, and geology suggest sources of and controls on mineral systems in the southern Toquima Range, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-29T20:32:41.208546","indexId":"mf2327C","displayToPublicDate":"2003-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2327","chapter":"C","title":"Geochemistry, geochronology, mineralogy, and geology suggest sources of and controls on mineral systems in the southern Toquima Range, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Geochemistry maps showing the distribution and abundance of 18 elements in about 1,400 rock samples, both mineralized and unmineralized, from the southern Toquima Range, Nev., indicate major structural and lithologic controls on mineralization, and suggest sources of the elements. Radiometric age data, lead mineralogy and paragenesis data, and lead-isotope data supplement the geochemical and geologic data, providing further insight into timing, sources, and controls on mineralization.\r\nMajor zones of mineralization are centered on structural margins of calderas and principal northwest-striking fault zones, as at Round Mountain, Manhattan, and Jefferson mining districts, and on intersections of low-angle and steep structures, as at Belmont mining district. Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, mostly limestones (at Manhattan, Jefferson, and Belmont districts), and porous Oligocene ash-flow tuffs (at Round Mountain district) host the major deposits, although all rock types have been mineralized as evidenced by numerous prospects throughout the area.\r\nPrincipal mineral systems are gold-silver at Round Mountain where about 7 million ounces of gold and more than 4 million ounces of silver has been produced; gold at Gold Hill in the west part of the Manhattan district where about a half million ounces of gold has been produced; gold-mercury-arsenic-antimony in the east (White Caps) part of the Manhattan district where a few hundred thousand ounces of gold has been produced; and silver-lead-antimony at Belmont where more than 150,000 ounces of silver has been produced. Lesser amounts of gold and silver have been produced from the Jefferson district and from scattered mines elsewhere in the southern Toquima Range. A small amount of tungsten was produced from mines in the granite of the Round Mountain pluton exposed east of Round Mountain, and small amounts of arsenic, antimony, and mercury have been produced elsewhere in the southern Toquima Range.\r\nAll elements show unique distribution patterns that suggest specific sources and lithologic influences on deposition, as well as multiple episodes of mineralization. Principal episodes of mineralization are Late Cretaceous (molybdenum and tungsten in and near granite; silver at Belmont and Silver Point mines), early Oligocene [tourmaline and base- and precious-metals around the granodiorite of Dry Canyon stock as well as at Manhattan(?)], late Oligocene (gold at Round Mountain and Jefferson), and Miocene (gold at Manhattan). Most likely principal sources of molybdenum, tungsten, silver, and bismuth are Cretaceous granites; of antimony, arsenic, and mercury are intermediate-composition early Oligocene intrusives; and of gold are early and late Oligocene and early Miocene magmas of the volcanic cycle. Lead may have been derived principally from Cretaceous granitic magma and Paleozoic sedimentary rocks.\r\nSeveral areas prospective for undiscovered mineral deposits are suggested by spatial patterns of element distributions related to geologic features. The Manhattan district in the vicinity of the White Caps mine may be underlain by a copper-molybdenum porphyry system related to a buried stock; peripheral high-grade gold veins and skarn deposits may be present below deposits previously mined. The Jefferson district also may be underlain by a copper-molybdenum porphyry system related to a buried stock, it too with peripheral high-grade gold deposits. The Bald Mountain Canyon belt of small gold veins has potential for deeper deposits in buried porous ash-flow tuff similar to the huge Round Mountain low-grade gold-silver deposit. Several other areas have potential for a variety of mineral deposits.\r\nAltogether the geochemical, geochronologic, mineralogic, and geologic evidence suggests recurring mineralizing episodes of varied character, from Late Cretaceous to late Tertiary time, related to a long-lived hot spot deep in the crust or in the upper mantle. Granite plutons of Late Cretaceous age were minerali","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2327C","usgsCitation":"Shawe, D., Hoffman, J.D., Doe, B.R., Foord, E.E., Stein, H., and Ayuso, R.A., 2003, Geochemistry, geochronology, mineralogy, and geology suggest sources of and controls on mineral systems in the southern Toquima Range, Nye County, Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2327, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2327C.","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110421,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54745.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"54745"},{"id":191925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6366,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2003/mf-2327-c/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"southern Toquima Range","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.125,38.5 ], [ -117.125,38.75 ], [ -116.75,38.75 ], [ -116.75,38.5 ], [ -117.125,38.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6a9eb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shawe, Daniel R.","contributorId":91448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shawe","given":"Daniel R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, James D. jhoffman@usgs.gov","contributorId":243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"James","email":"jhoffman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":280906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doe, Bruce R.","contributorId":87554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doe","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foord, Eugene E.","contributorId":96319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foord","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stein, Holly J.","contributorId":46959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Holly J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ayuso, Robert A. 0000-0002-8496-9534 rayuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":2654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"rayuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":50859,"text":"wri034033 - 2003 - Relations of biological indicators to nutrient data for lakes and streams in Pennsylvania and West Virginia, 1990-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T15:38:06","indexId":"wri034033","displayToPublicDate":"2003-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4033","title":"Relations of biological indicators to nutrient data for lakes and streams in Pennsylvania and West Virginia, 1990-98","docAbstract":"The Clean Water Action Plan of 1998 provides a blueprint for federal agencies to work with states, tribes, and other stakeholders to protect and restore the Nation's water resources. The plan includes an initiative that addresses the nutrient-enrichment problem of lakes and streams across the United States. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is working to set nutrient criteria by nationwide nutrient ecoregions that are an aggregation of the Omernik level III ecoregions. Because low levels of nutrients are necessary for healthy streams and elevated concentrations can cause algal blooms that deplete available oxygen and kill off aquatic organisms, criteria levels are to be set, in part, using the relation between chlorophyll a and concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus.
Data from Pennsylvania and West Virginia, collected between 1990 and 1998, were analyzed for relations between chlorophyll a, nutrients, and other explanatory variables. Both phytoplankton and periphyton chlorophyll a concentrations from lakes and streams were analyzed separately within each of the USEPA nutrient ecoregions located within the boundaries of the two states. These four nutrient ecoregions are VII (Mostly Glaciated Dairy), VIII (Nutrient Poor, Largely Glaciated Upper Midwest and Northeast), IX (Southeastern Temperate Forested Plains and Hills), and XI (Central and Eastern Forested Uplands).
Phytoplankton chlorophyll a concentrations in lakes were related to total nitrogen, total phosphorus, Secchi depth, concentration of dissolved oxygen, pH, water temperature, and specific conductivity. In nutrient ecoregion VII, nutrients were not significant predictors of chlorophyll a concentrations. Total nitrogen, Secchi depth, and pH were significantly related to phytoplankton chlorophyll a concentrations in nutrient ecoregion IX. Lake periphyton chlorophyll a concentrations from nutrient ecoregion XI were related to total phosphorus rather than total nitrogen, Secchi depth, and pH. In all cases, Secchi depth was inversely related to the chlorophyll a concentrations in a lake. Nutrient ecoregion VIII had too few samples for any type of analysis.
Streams within the different nutrient ecoregions had many variables that were significantly related to periphyton chlorophyll a concentrations. These variables consisted of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, drainage area, percent forest cover, several macroinvertebrate indices, pH, basin slope, total residue, total suspended solids, and water temperature. Nutrients were not significantly related to periphyton chlorophyll a in streams within nutrient ecoregions VII or IX but were in nutrient ecoregion XI. Drainage area, percent forest cover, and several invertebrate indices were significant variables in nutrient ecoregion VII. Percent forest cover and several invertebrate indices had a negative relation with chlorophyll a concentrations in these streams. Percent forest cover and basin slope had a negative effect on periphyton in nutrient ecoregion IX streams. Light availability was more critical to periphyton growth in streams than nutrients.
Ecoregion XI had enough samples to do seasonal analyses. Summer-season periphyton chlorophyll a concentrations in nutrient ecoregion XI streams were positively related to total phosphorus and drainage area but negatively related to percent forest cover. Summer-season phytoplankton in streams was related to different variables within the same nutrient ecoregion. Both total nitrogen and total phosphorus were positively related with chlorophyll a concentrations as well as basin slope, total residue, and total suspended solids but negatively related to pH. The winter stream phytoplankton chlorophyll a concentrations were related to water temperature only.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034033","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Brightbill, R.A., and Koerkle, E.H., 2003, Relations of biological indicators to nutrient data for lakes and streams in Pennsylvania and West Virginia, 1990-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4033, viii, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034033.","productDescription":"viii, 67 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4627,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4033/wri20034033.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.34 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2003-4033"},{"id":178402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4033/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
The Murrieta quadrangle is located in the northern part of the Peninsular Ranges Province and includes parts of two structural blocks, or structural subdivisions of the province. The quadrangle is diagonally crossed by the active Elsinore fault zone, a major fault zone of the San Andreas fault system, and separates the Santa Ana Mountains block to the west from the Perris block to the east. Both blocks are relatively stable internally and within the quadrangle are characterized by the presence of widespread erosional surfaces of low relief.
\nThe Santa Ana Mountains block, in the Murrieta quadrangle, is underlain by undifferentiated, thick-layered, granular, impure quartzite and well-layered, fissile, phyllitic metamorphic rock of low metamorphic grade. Both quartzite and phyllitic rocks are Mesozoic. Unconformably overlying the metamorphic rocks are remnants of basalt flows having relatively unmodified flow surfaces. The age of the basalt is about 7-8Ma. Large shallow depressions on the surface of the larger basalt remnants form vernal ponds that contain an endemic flora. Beneath the basalt the upper part of the metamorphic rocks is deeply weathered. The weathering appears to be the same as the regional Paleocene saprolitic weathering in southern California. West of the quadrangle a variable thickness sedimentary rock, physically resembling Paleogene rocks, occurs between the basalt and metamorphic rock. Where not protected by the basalt, the weathered rock has been removed by erosion.
\nThe dominant feature on the Perris block in the Murrieta quadrangle is the south half of the Paloma Valley ring complex, part of the composite Peninsular Ranges batholith. The complex is elliptical in plan view and consists of an older ring-dike with two subsidiary short-arced dikes that were emplaced into gabbro by magmatic stoping. Small to large stoped blocks of gabbro are common within the ring-dikes. A younger ring-set of hundreds of thin pegmatite dikes occur largely within the central part of the complex. These pegmatite dikes were emplaced into a domal fracture system, apparently produced by cauldron subsidence, and include in the center of the complex, a number of flat-floored granophyre bodies. The granophyre is interpreted to be the result of pressure quenching of pegmatite magma. Along the eastern edge of the quadrangle is the western part of a large septum of medium metamorphic grade Mesozoic schist. A dissected basalt flow caps the Hogbacks northeast of Temecula, and represents remnants of a channel filling flow. Beneath the basalt is a thin deposit of stream gravel. Having an age of about 10Ma, this basalt is about 2-3Ma older than the basalt flows in the Santa Ana Mountains.
\nThe Elsinore fault zone forms a complex of pull-apart basins. The west edge of the fault zone, the Willard Fault, is marked by the high, steep eastern face of the Santa Ana Mountains. The east side of the zone, the Wildomar Fault, forms a less pronounced physiographic step. In the center of the quadrangle a major splay of the fault zone, the Murrieta Hot Springs Fault, strikes east. Branching of the fault zone causes the development of a broad alluvial valley between the Willard Fault and the Murrieta Hot Springs Fault. All but the axial part of the zone between the Willard and Wildomar Faults consist of dissected Pleistocene sedimentary units. The axial part of the zone is underlain by Holocene and latest Pleistocene sedimentary units.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03189","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, M.P., and Morton, D.M., 2003, Preliminary geologic map of the Murrieta 7.5' quadrangle, Riverside County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-189, 1 Plate: 44.0 x 34.0 inches; Readme; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03189.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 44.0 x 34.0 inches; Readme; Metadata","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110424,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54821.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"54821"},{"id":179032,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03189.jpg"},{"id":285570,"rank":5,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0189/README.txt"},{"id":285573,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0189/mur_map.ps.gz"},{"id":285572,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0189/mur.tar.gz"},{"id":4436,"rank":7,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0189/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":285569,"rank":6,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0189/pdf/README.pdf"},{"id":285571,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0189/mur_met.txt"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic projection","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County","otherGeospatial":"Santa Ana Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.25,33.5 ], [ -117.25,33.625 ], [ -117.125,33.625 ], [ -117.125,33.5 ], [ -117.25,33.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6984f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, Michael P.","contributorId":63469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, Douglas M. scamp@usgs.gov","contributorId":4102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Douglas","email":"scamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":243526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44607,"text":"wri024173 - 2003 - Occurrence of volatile organic compounds in drinking water from the United States: Results from archived chromatograms and water samples, 1989-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-09T15:19:43.478403","indexId":"wri024173","displayToPublicDate":"2003-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4173","title":"Occurrence of volatile organic compounds in drinking water from the United States: Results from archived chromatograms and water samples, 1989-2000","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024173","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, S.D., Plummer, N., Focazio, M., Busenberg, E., Kirkland, W., and Fernandez, M., 2003, Occurrence of volatile organic compounds in drinking water from the United States: Results from archived chromatograms and water samples, 1989-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4173, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024173.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":81947,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4173/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4173/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Focazio, M. 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Jr.","contributorId":35474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":50857,"text":"wri034094 - 2003 - Water-quality trend analysis and sampling design for streams in North Dakota, 1971-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-23T19:45:44.245526","indexId":"wri034094","displayToPublicDate":"2003-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4094","title":"Water-quality trend analysis and sampling design for streams in North Dakota, 1971-2000","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of a study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the North Dakota Department of Health, to analyze historical water-quality trends in selected dissolved major ions, nutrients, and dissolved trace metals for 10 streams in southwestern and eastern North Dakota and to develop an efficient sampling design to monitor future water-quality trends. A time-series model for daily streamflow and constituent concentration was used to identify significant concentration trends, separate natural hydroclimatic variability in concentration from variability that could have resulted from anthropogenic causes, and evaluate various sampling designs to monitor future water-quality trends.
The interannual variability in concentration as a result of variability in streamflow, referred to as the annual concentration anomaly, generally was high for all constituents and streams used in the trend analysis and was particularly sensitive to the severe drought that occurred in the late 1980's and the very wet period that began in 1993 and has persisted to the present (2002). Although climatic conditions were similar across North Dakota during the trend-analysis period (1971-2000), significant differences occurred in the annual concentration anomalies from constituent to constituent and location to location, especially during the drought and the wet period.
Numerous trends were detected in the historical constituent concentrations after the annual concentration anomalies were removed. The trends within each of the constituent groups (major ions, nutrients, and trace metals) showed general agreement among the streams. For most locations, the largest dissolved major-ion concentrations occurred during the late 1970's and concentrations in the mid- to late 1990's were smaller than concentrations during the late 1970's. However, the largest concentrations for three of the Missouri River tributaries and one of the Red River of the North tributaries occurred during the mid- to late 1990's.
Concentration trends for total ammonia plus organic nitrogen showed close agreement among the streams for which that constituent was evaluated. The largest concentrations occurred during the early 1980's, and the smallest concentrations occurred during the early 1990's. Nutrient data were not available for the early 1970's or late 1990's. Although a detailed analysis of the causes of the trends was beyond the scope of this report, a preliminary analysis of cropland, livestock-inventory, and oil-production data for 1971-2000 indicated the concentration trends may be related to the livestock-inventory and oil-production activities in the basins.
Dissolved iron and manganese concentrations for the southwestern North Dakota streams generally remained stable during 1971-2000. However, many of the recorded concentrations for those streams were less than the detection limit, and trends that were masked by censoring may have occurred. Several significant trends were detected in dissolved iron and manganese concentrations for the eastern North Dakota streams. Concentrations for those streams either remained stable or increased during most of the 1970's and then decreased rapidly for about 2 years beginning in the late 1970's. The concentrations were relatively stable from the early 1980's to 2000 except at two locations where dissolved iron concentrations increased during the early 1990's.
The most efficient overall sampling designs for the detection of annual trends (that is, trends that occur uniformly during the entire year) consisted of balanced designs in which the sampling dates and the number of samples collected remained fixed from year to year and in which the samples were collected throughout the year rather than in a short timespan. The best overall design for the detection of annual trends consisted of three samples per year, with samples collected near the beginning of December, April, and August. That design had acceptable sensitivity for the detection of trends in most constituents at all locations. Little improvement in sensitivity was achieved by collecting more than three samples per year.
The sampling designs that were first evaluated for annual trends also were evaluated with regard to their sensitivity to detect seasonal trends that occurred during three seasons--April through August, August through December, and December through April. Design results indicated that an average of one extra sample per station per year resulted in an efficient design for detecting seasonal trends. However, allocation of the extra samples varied depending on the station, month, and constituent group (major ions, nutrients, and trace metals).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri034094","usgsCitation":"Vecchia, A.V., 2003, Water-quality trend analysis and sampling design for streams in North Dakota, 1971-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4094, v, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034094.","productDescription":"v, 73 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178325,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":411013,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_55211.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":4625,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4884e4b07f02db518927","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51473,"text":"ofr0370 - 2003 - Surface-water hydrologic data for the Houston metropolitan area, Texas, water years 1990-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T13:56:35","indexId":"ofr0370","displayToPublicDate":"2003-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-70","title":"Surface-water hydrologic data for the Houston metropolitan area, Texas, water years 1990-95","docAbstract":"During water years 1990–95, data were collected at 24 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations, 21 rain gages, and 6 water-quality stations in the Houston metropolitan area, Texas. The data were collected as part of the Houston Urban Runoff Program, which began in water year 1964.
Annual peaks were defined for the 24 streamflow-gaging stations in the study area. All stations had 10 or more years of record. Precipitation data from the 21 rain gages and discharge or stage data from 23 streamflow-gaging stations are available to develop storm hydrographs.
One-hundred thirty-four samples were collected at six water-quality stations. The samples were analyzed for about 80 water-quality properties and constituents.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0370","collaboration":"In cooperation with the City of Houston and the Harris County Flood Control District","usgsCitation":"Sneck-Fahrer, D.A., Liscum, F., and East, J., 2003, Surface-water hydrologic data for the Houston metropolitan area, Texas, water years 1990-95: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-70, HTML Document; Report: 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0370.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: 43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338648,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr03-070/pdf/ofr03-070.pdf","text":"Report","size":"485 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":4476,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr03-070/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Houston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.3505859375,\n 29.554345125748267\n ],\n [\n -94.52636718749999,\n 30.031055426540206\n ],\n [\n -94.7021484375,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -94.976806640625,\n 30.675715404167743\n ],\n [\n -95.07568359375,\n 30.829139422013956\n ],\n [\n -95.25970458984374,\n 30.954057859276126\n ],\n [\n -95.614013671875,\n 30.95876857077987\n ],\n [\n -96.064453125,\n 30.798474179567823\n ],\n [\n -96.2841796875,\n 30.64027517241868\n ],\n [\n -96.3446044921875,\n 30.462879341709886\n ],\n [\n -96.2237548828125,\n 30.073847754270204\n ],\n [\n -96.03149414062499,\n 29.410890376109\n ],\n [\n -95.82275390625,\n 29.080175989623203\n ],\n [\n -95.6304931640625,\n 28.9072060763367\n ],\n [\n -95.3558349609375,\n 28.8831596093235\n ],\n [\n -94.7515869140625,\n 29.291189838184863\n ],\n [\n -94.3505859375,\n 29.554345125748267\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbca3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sneck-Fahrer, Debra A.","contributorId":43844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sneck-Fahrer","given":"Debra","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liscum, Fred","contributorId":95463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liscum","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"East, Jeffery W. jweast@usgs.gov","contributorId":1683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Jeffery W.","email":"jweast@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":69689,"text":"mf2407J - 2003 - Map showing antimony concentrations from stream sediments and soils throughout the Humboldt River basin and surrounding areas, northern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-08T21:17:32.725671","indexId":"mf2407J","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2407","chapter":"J","title":"Map showing antimony concentrations from stream sediments and soils throughout the Humboldt River basin and surrounding areas, northern Nevada","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2407J","usgsCitation":"Yager, D.B., and Folger, H.W., 2003, Map showing antimony concentrations from stream sediments and soils throughout the Humboldt River basin and surrounding areas, northern Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2407, 1 Plate: 42.78 × 41.18 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2407J.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 42.78 × 41.18 inches","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110417,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54729.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"54729"},{"id":6358,"rank":300,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2003/mf-2407/MF-2407-J.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Humboldt River basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,38 ], [ -120,42 ], [ -114,42 ], [ -114,38 ], [ -120,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a94e4b07f02db6591ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Douglas B. 0000-0001-5074-4022 dyager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-4022","contributorId":798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Douglas","email":"dyager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Folger, Helen W. 0000-0003-1376-5996 hfolger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1376-5996","contributorId":3219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folger","given":"Helen","email":"hfolger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":69686,"text":"mf2407G - 2003 - Map showing arsenic concentrations from stream sediments and soils throughout the Humboldt River basin and surrounding areas, northern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-15T19:58:35.090337","indexId":"mf2407G","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2407","chapter":"G","title":"Map showing arsenic concentrations from stream sediments and soils throughout the Humboldt River basin and surrounding areas, northern Nevada","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2407G","usgsCitation":"Yager, D.B., and Folger, H.W., 2003, Map showing arsenic concentrations from stream sediments and soils throughout the Humboldt River basin and surrounding areas, northern Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2407, 1 Plate: 42.78 × 41.07 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2407G.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 42.78 × 41.07 inches","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6355,"rank":300,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2003/mf-2407/MF-2407-G.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":110414,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54729.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"54729"}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Humboldt River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120,\n 38.6939\n ],\n [\n -114.4667,\n 38.6939\n ],\n [\n -114.4667,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 38.6939\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a94e4b07f02db6594ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Douglas B. 0000-0001-5074-4022 dyager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-4022","contributorId":798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Douglas","email":"dyager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Folger, Helen W. 0000-0003-1376-5996 hfolger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1376-5996","contributorId":3219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folger","given":"Helen","email":"hfolger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":50820,"text":"ofr03154 - 2003 - Descriptions of mineral occurrences and interpretation of mineralized rock geochemical data in the Stikine geophysical survey area, Southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:23","indexId":"ofr03154","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-154","title":"Descriptions of mineral occurrences and interpretation of mineralized rock geochemical data in the Stikine geophysical survey area, Southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"Detailed descriptions of some of the more significant mineral occurrences in the Stikine Airborne Geophysical Survey Project Area are presented based upon site-specific examinations by the U.S. Geological Survey in May of 1998. Reconnaissance geochemical data on unmineralized igneous and sedimentary host rocks, and mineralized rocks are also presented and are accompanied by a brief analysis of geochemical signatures typical of each occurrence. Consistent with the stated goal of the geophysical survey; to stimulate exploration for polymetallic massive sulfides similar to the Greens Creek deposit, the majority of the described occurrences are possible members of a belt of Late Triassic mineral deposits that are distributed along the eastern edge of the Alexander terrane in southeastern Alaska. Many of the described occurrences in the Duncan Canal-Zarembo Island area share similarities to the Greens Creek deposit. When considered as a whole, the geology, mineralogy, and geochemistry of these occurrences help to define a transitional portion of the Late Triassic mineral belt where changes in shallow to deeper water stratigraphy and arc-like to rift-related igneous rocks are accompanied by concomitant changes in the size, morphology, and metal endowments of the mineral occurrences. As a result, Late Triassic mineral occurrences in the area appear as: 1) small, discontinuous, structurally controlled stockwork veins in mafic volcanic rocks, 2) small, irregular replacements and stratabound horizons of diagenetic semi-massive sulfides in dolostones and calcareous shales, and as 3) larger, recognizably stratiform accumulations of baritic, semi-massive to massive sulfides at and near the contact between mafic volcanic rocks and overlying sedimentary rocks. Empirical exploration guidelines for Greens Creek-like polymetallic massive sulfide deposits in southeastern Alaska include: 1) a Late Triassic volcano-sedimentary host sequence exhibiting evidence of succession from tectonic activity to quiescence (such as conglomeratic and/or mafic volcaniclastics or flows overlain by platform carbonate or shale sequences), 2) presence and proximity to Late Triassic mafic-ultramafic intrusions, 3) presence of quartz-carbonate-fuchsite altered ultramafic bodies, 4) pyritic, graphitic shales, 5) presence of barite and/or iron-manganese-rich carbonates, 6) low-iron sphalerite and antimony-rich sulfosalt minerals, 7) a geochemical signature including Fe-Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag-Au-Sb-Hg-As-Cd-Ba-Mn-Mo-Tl and the ultramafic-related suite of elements Ni-Cr-Co, and 8) a geophysical signature characterized by the coincidence of a sharp resistivity contrast with evidence for buried intrusive rocks. Critical factors for the development of larger, economic orebodies are significant thickness of pyritic, graphitic shale indicating that a locally reducing sedimentary setting was established and that accumulation of an insulating shale blank occurred, and proximity to Late Triassic aged hypabyssal mafic-ultramafic intrusive rocks.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03154","usgsCitation":"Taylor, C.D., 2003, Descriptions of mineral occurrences and interpretation of mineralized rock geochemical data in the Stikine geophysical survey area, Southeastern Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-154, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03154.","productDescription":"51 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4607,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-154/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db668052","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Cliff D. 0000-0001-6376-6298 ctaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6376-6298","contributorId":1283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Cliff","email":"ctaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69679,"text":"gq1800 - 2003 - Geologic map of the Buckeystown quadrangle, Frederick and Montgomery Counties, Maryland, and Loudoun County, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T21:12:04.061842","indexId":"gq1800","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1800","title":"Geologic map of the Buckeystown quadrangle, Frederick and Montgomery Counties, Maryland, and Loudoun County, Virginia","docAbstract":"The Buckeystown quadrangle is underlain mostly by rocks of the western Piedmont province and a portion of the eastern Blue Ridge province. The western Piedmont province is underlain by Late Proterozoic(?) and Lower Cambrian(?) metasedimentary rocks of the Westminster terrane, Lower and Middle Cambrian metasedimentary rocks and Upper Cambrian to Lower Ordovician carbonate rocks of the Frederick Valley synclinorium, Upper Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Mesozoic Culpeper basin, and Early Jurassic dikes; Lower Cambrian metasedimentary rocks underlie the Blue Ridge province. Within the western Piedmont, Lower Cambrian(?) metasedimentary rocks of the Sugarloaf Mountain anticlinorium are interpreted to be exposed in a tectonic window (A.A. Drake, Jr., U.S. Geological Survey, oral commun., 1989; Horton and others, 1989; Rankin and others, 1989) through the complexly deformed allochthonous rocks of the Westminster terrane (Muller and others, 1989). The undated rocks of the Westminster terrane are interpreted to be rise-slope deep-water deposits of the Iapetus Ocean that were transported westward onto the Laurentian margin (ancestral North America) along the Martic thrust fault during the Ordovician Taconic orogeny (Horton and others, 1989). Continental margin strata, which underlie the Sugarloaf Mountain anticlinorium and continental margin-slope strata which underlie the Frederick Valley synclinorium, are here correlated with the Lower Cambrian Chilhowee Group and overlying carbonate rocks on the limbs of the Blue Ridge-South Mountain anticlinorium to the west. The relation of the Sugarloaf Mountain Quartzite (Jonas and Stose, 1938b) to surrounding rocks is controversial (Scotford, 1951; Stose and Stose, 1951; Thomas, 1952). The Martic thrust fault (Jonas, 1924, 1927; Knopf and Jonas, 1929) and the interpretation that the Sugarloaf Mountain anticlinorium (Scotford, 1951; Thomas, 1952) is a tectonic window through the Martic thrust sheet (A.A. Drake, Jr., U.S. Geological Survey, oral commun., 1989) further complicate the stratigraphic correlation of these rocks. Upper Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Culpeper basin consist of westward-dipping conglomerate, sandstone, and siltstone. These rocks, as well as intrusive Early Jurassic diabase dikes, accumulated during an early Mesozoic rifting event that resulted in the opening of the Atlantic Ocean. Contractional faults of Paleozoic orogenesis and extensional faults related to Mesozoic rifting indicate a complex tectonic history for this region.
Cenozoic deposits, which overlie the bedrock, include high- and low-level alluvial terraces, residual gravel, colluvium, and alluvium. Terrace deposits of the ancestral Potomac River and the Monocacy River are as much as 183 ft and 140 ft, respectively, above the present river levels. Isolated residual gravel deposits that form in place from the weathering of the Upper Cambrian Frederick Formation superficially resemble terrace deposits. Colluvium of quartzite boulders is concentrated in hillslope depressions on Sugarloaf Mountain, and fanlike aprons of colluvial quartz pebbles cover the Triassic rocks on the west side of the Culpeper basin. Alluvium was mapped along the Potomac and Monocacy Rivers and all their tributaries. Altitude ranges from 200 ft along the Potomac River to 1,282 ft on the crest of Sugarloaf Mountain. The map area includes the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park, and the Monocacy Natural Resources Area. Sugarloaf Mountain is a registered natural landmark.
Parts of the Buckeystown quadrangle were mapped by Jonas and Stose (1938a, scale 1:62,500), Scotford (1951, scale 1:12,500), Thomas (1952, scale 1:25,000), Cloos and Cook (1953, 1:62,500), Reinhardt (1974, scale 1:62,500), Froelich 1975, scale 1:62,500), and Lee (1979, scale 1:24,000).
The map area is subdivided into five domains. Allochthonous rocks of the Westminster terrane are thrust onto rocks of the Frederick Valley synclinorium. Within the Westminster terrane of Muller and others (1989), the Sugarloaf Mountain Quartzite and Urbana Formation underlie the parautochthonous Sugarloaf Mountain anticlinorium. The Lower and Middle Cambrian Araby Formation and Upper Cambrian Frederick Formation crop out on the east limb of the Frederick Valley synclinorium. The Frederick Formation and Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician Grove Formation lie in the trough of the Frederick Valley synclinorium. Lower Cambrian Harpers, Antietam, and Tomstown Formations crop out on the east limb of the Blue Ridge-South Mountain anticlinorium in the extreme northwest corner of the map. The Blue Ridge-South Mountain anticlinorium is separated from the Frederick Valley synclinorium by Upper Triassic sedimentary rocks in the Culpeper basin half graben.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gq1800","usgsCitation":"Southworth, S., and Brezinski, D.K., 2003, Geologic map of the Buckeystown quadrangle, Frederick and Montgomery Counties, Maryland, and Loudoun County, Virginia (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 1800, 1 Plate: 40.00 × 55.99 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gq1800.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 40.00 × 55.99 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110430,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_55155.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"55155"},{"id":6348,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/gq-1800/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","county":"Frederick County, Loudoun County, Montgomery County","otherGeospatial":"Buckeystown quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.5,\n 39.25\n ],\n [\n -77.375,\n 39.25\n ],\n [\n -77.375,\n 39.375\n ],\n [\n -77.5,\n 39.375\n ],\n [\n -77.5,\n 39.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0be4b07f02db69d711","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Southworth, Scott","contributorId":93933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southworth","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brezinski, David K.","contributorId":49428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brezinski","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44574,"text":"wri024255 - 2003 - Trends in nitrogen concentration and nitrogen loads entering the South Shore Estuary Reserve from streams and ground-water discharge in Nassau and Suffolk counties, Long Island, New York, 1952–97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-26T14:39:26.659385","indexId":"wri024255","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4255","title":"Trends in nitrogen concentration and nitrogen loads entering the South Shore Estuary Reserve from streams and ground-water discharge in Nassau and Suffolk counties, Long Island, New York, 1952–97","docAbstract":"The 13 major south-shore streams in Nassau and Suffolk Counties, Long Island, New York with adequate long-term (1971-97) water-quality records, and 192 south-shore wells with sufficient water-quality data, were selected for analysis of geographic, seasonal, and long-term trends in nitrogen concentration. Annual total nitrogen loads transported to the South Shore Estuary Reserve (SSER) from 11 of these streams were calculated using long-term discharge records. Nitrogen loads from shallow and deep ground water also were calculated using simulated ground-water discharge of 1968-83 hydrologic conditions.
Long-term declines in stream discharge occurred in East Meadow Brook, Bellmore Creek and Massapequa Creek in response to extensive sewering in Nassau County. The smallest longterm annual discharge to the SSER was from the westernmost stream, Pines Brook, which is in an area in which the water table has been lowered by sewers since 1952. The three largest average annual discharges to the SSER were from the Connetquot River, Carlls River, and Carmans River in Suffolk County; the discharges from each of these streams were at least twice those of the other streams considered in this study.
Total nitrogen concentrations in streams show a geographic trend with a general eastward increase in median total nitrogen concentration in Nassau County and a decreasing trend from Massapequa Creek eastward into Suffolk County. Total nitrogen concentrations in streams generally are lowest during summer and highest in winter as a result of seasonal fluctuations in chemical reactions and biological activity. The greatest seasonal difference in median total nitrogen concentration was at Carlls River with values of 3.4 and 4.2 mg/L (milligrams per liter) as N during summer (April through September) and winter (October through March), respectively. Streams affected by the completion of sewer districts show long-term (1971-97) trends of decreasing total nitrogen concentration and streams showing an increase in total nitrogen concentration are in unsewered areas with increased urbanization.
Discharges from shallow ground water (upper glacial aquifer) and deep ground water (upper part of Magothy aquifer) were simulated from a ground-water-flow model calibrated to steadystate (1968-83) conditions. Simulated discharges from shallow-ground-water system in Nassau County were 10,700 Mgal/yr (million gallons per year) or 40,500,000 m3/yr (cubic meters per year), and those from Suffolk County were 52,300 Mgal/yr or 198,000,000 m3/yr. Discharges from deep-ground-water system in Nassau County were 4,900 Mgal/yr or 18,500,000 m3/yr, and those in Suffolk County were 12,700 Mgal/yr or 48,200,000 m3/yr.
Ground-water concentrations of nitrogen decrease with depth and from west to east. The shallow ground water median nitrogen concentration for each county was determined using 1,155 samples collected at 167 shallow wells (125 feet deep or less) within 1 mile of the shore. The deep ground water median nitrate concentration (nitrate represented almost all of the total nitrogen) for each county was determined using 112 samples collected at 25 deep wells (greater than 125 feet deep) within 1 mile of the shore. The median nitrogen concentration for the shallow and median nitrate concentration for the deep ground water in Nassau County were 3.85 and 0.15 mg/L as N, during 1952–97; the corresponding concentrations for Suffolk County were 1.74 and <0.10 (less than 0.10) mg/L as N, during 1952–97.
Nitrogen loads discharged from streams to the SSER for each year during 1972–97 were calculated as the annual total nitrogen concentration multiplied by the annual discharge. These values were calculated only for the seven streams for which sufficient data were available. The largest long-term (1972–97) average annual nitrogen load from Carlls River was 104 ton/yr or 94,300 kg/yr—about twice that of Connetquot River (54 ton/yr or 48,900 kg/yr) and over three times that of Carmans River (33 ton/yr or 29,900 kg/yr). The smallest annual mean nitrogen load was from Pines Brook, which has the lowest annual mean discharge of all streams analyzed.
The nitrogen load carried to the SSER by ground-water discharge in shallow-ground-water system in Nassau and Suffolk Counties was calculated as the simulated discharge for each county multiplied by the respective median nitrogen concentration, and loads from deep-ground-water system were calculated as the simulated discharge for each county multiplied by the respective median nitrate concentration. All discharges were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey's Long Island ground-water-flow model. The resultant nitrogen loads discharged to the SSER from shallow ground water were 172 ton/yr (156,000 kg/yr) from Nassau County and 380 ton/yr (345,000 kg/yr) from Suffolk County; equaling 552 ton/yr entering the SSER. Those from deep ground water were 3 ton/yr (2,700 kg/yr) from Nassau County and <0.5 ton/yr (480 kg/yr) from Suffolk County; equaling about 3.5 ton/yr entering the SSER.
The sum of both stream loads and groundwater loads results in the total load to the SSER. The largest calculated total nitrogen load entering the SSER from both streams and ground water occurred in 1979 with a total load of 1,260 ton/yr (1,140,000 kg/yr). The smallest calculated nitrogen load entering the SSER occurred in 1995 with a total load of 725 ton/yr (658,000 kg/yr).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024255","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of State","usgsCitation":"Monti, and Scorca, M.P., 2003, Trends in nitrogen concentration and nitrogen loads entering the South Shore Estuary Reserve from streams and ground-water discharge in Nassau and Suffolk counties, Long Island, New York, 1952–97: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4255, v, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024255.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411008,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54607.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":3694,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4255/wri20024255.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2002-4255"},{"id":168541,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4255/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County, Suffolk County","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.5,\n 41.875\n ],\n [\n -73.7625,\n 41.875\n ],\n [\n -73.7625,\n 40.5861\n ],\n [\n -72.5,\n 40.5861\n ],\n [\n -72.5,\n 41.875\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
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http://ny.water.usgs.gov/