A belt of Paleogene near-trench plutons known as the Sanak-Baranof belt intruded the southern Alaska convergent margin. A compilation of isotopic ages of these plutons shows that they range in age from 61 Ma in the west to ca. 50 Ma in the east. This migrating pulse of magmatism along the continental margin is consistent with North Pacific plate reconstructions that suggests the plutons were generated by migration of a trench-ridge-trench triple junction along the margin. On the Kenai Peninsula the regional lower greenschist metamorphic grade of the turbiditic host rocks, texture of the plutons, contact-metamorphic assemblage, and isotopic and fluid inclusion studies suggest that the plutons were emplaced at pressures of 1.5–3.0 kbars (5.2–10.5 km) into a part of the accretionary wedge with an ambient temperature of 210–300 °C. The presence of kyanite, garnet, and cordierite megacrysts in the plutons indicates that the melts were generated at a depth greater than 20 km and minimum temperature of 650 °C. These megacrysts are probably xenocrystic remnants of a restitic or contact metamorphic phase entrained by the melt during intrusion. However, it is also possible that they are primary magmatic phases crystallized from the peraluminous melt.
Plutons of the Sanak-Baranof belt serve as time and strain markers separating kinematic regimes that predate and postdate ridge subduction. Pre-ridge subduction structures are interpreted to be related to the interaction between the leading oceanic plate and the Chugach terrane. These include regional thrust faults, NE-striking map-scale folds with associated axial planar foliation, type-1 mélanges, and an arrayof faults within the contact aureole indicating shortening largely accommodated by layer-parallel extension. Syn-ridge subduction features include the plutons, dikes, and ductile shear zones within contact aureoles with syn-kinematic metamorphic mineral growth and foliation development. Many of the studied plutons have sheeted margins and appear to have intruded along extensional jogs in margin-parallel strike-slip faults, whereas others form significant angles with the main faults and may have been influenced by minor faults of other orientations. Some of the plutons of the Sanak-Baranof belt have their long axes oriented parallel to faults of an orthorhombic fault set, implying that these faults may have provided a conduit for magma emplacement. This orthorhombic set of late faults is interpreted to have initially formed during the ridge subduction event, and continued to be active for a short time after passage of the triple junction. ENE-striking dextral faults of this orthorhombic fault system exhibit mutually crosscutting relationships with Eocene dikes related to ridge subduction, and mineralized strike-slip and normal faults of this system have yielded 40Ar/39Ar ages identical to near-trench intrusives related to ridge subduction. Movement on the orthorhombic fault system accommodated exhumation of deeper levels of the southern Alaska accretionary wedge, which is interpreted as a critical taper adjustment to subduction of younger oceanic lithosphere during ridge subduction. These faults therefore accommodate both deformation of the wedge and assisted emplacement of near-trench plutons. Structures that crosscut the plutons and aureoles include the orthorhombic fault set and dextral strike-slip faults, reflecting a new kinematic regime established after ridge subduction, during underthrusting of the trailing oceanic plate with new dextral-oblique convergence vectors with the overriding plate. The observation that the orthorhombic fault set both cuts and is cut by Eocene intrusives demonstrates the importance of these faults for magma emplacement in the forearc.
A younger, ca. 35 Ma suite of plutons intrudes the Chugach terrane in the Prince William Sound region, and their intrusion geometry was strongly influenced by pre-existing faults developed during ridge subduction. The generation of these plutons may be related to the sudden northward migration of the triple junction at ca. 40–33 Ma, as the ridge was being subducted nearly parallel to the trench during this interval. These younger plutons are used to provide additional constraints on the structural evolution of the wedge. Late- to post-ridge subduction fabrics include a pressure solution cleavage and additional movement on the orthorhombic fault system. After triple junction migration, subduction of the trailing oceanic plate involved a significant component of dextral transpression and northward translation of the Chugach terrane. This change in kinematics is recorded by very late gouge-filled dextral faults in the late structures of the accretionary prism.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2371-X.269","usgsCitation":"Kusky, T.M., Bradley, D., Donely, D.T., Rowley, D., and Haeussler, P.J., 2003, Controls on intrusion of near-trench magmas of the Sanak-Baranof Belt, Alaska, during Paleogene ridge subduction, and consequences for forearc evolution: Geological Society of America Special Papers , v. 371, p. 269-292, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2371-X.269.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"292","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336367,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163,\n 53\n ],\n [\n -135,\n 53\n ],\n [\n -135,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -163,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -163,\n 53\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"371","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a43e4b01ccd54ff3fc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kusky, Timothy M.","contributorId":11664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kusky","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donely, D. Thomas","contributorId":184255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donely","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rowley, David","contributorId":173099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rowley","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12621,"text":"University of Chicago and University of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":673888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70187629,"text":"70187629 - 2003 - Ecology of selected marine communities in Glacier Bay: Zooplankton, forage fish, seabirds and marine mammals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-11T13:22:00","indexId":"70187629","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Ecology of selected marine communities in Glacier Bay: Zooplankton, forage fish, seabirds and marine mammals","docAbstract":"We studied oceanography (including primary production), secondary production, small schooling fish (SSF), and marine bird and mammal predators in Glacier Bay during 1999 and 2000. Results from these field efforts were combined with a review of current literature relating to the Glacier Bay environment. Since the conceptual model developed by Hale and Wright (1979) ‘changes and cycles’ continue to be the underlying theme of the Glacier Bay ecosystem. We found marked seasonality in many of the parameters that we investigated over the two years of research, and here we provide a comprehensive description of the distribution and relative abundance of a wide array of marine biota.
Glacier Bay is a tidally mixed estuary that leads into basins, which stratify in summer, with the upper arms behaving as traditional estuaries. The Bay is characterized by renewal and mixing events throughout the year, and markedly higher primary production than in many neighboring southeast Alaska fjords (Hooge and Hooge, 2002).
Zooplankton diversity and abundance within the upper 50 meters of the water column in Glacier Bay is similar to communities seen throughout the Gulf of Alaska. Zooplankton in the lower regions of Glacier Bay peak in abundance in late May or early June, as observed at Auke Bay and in the Gulf of Alaska. The key distinction between the lower Bay and other estuaries in the Gulf of Alaska is that a second smaller peak in densities occurs in August. The upper Bay behaved uniformly in temporal trends, peaking in July. Densities had begun to decline in August, but were still more than twice those observed in that region in May. The highest density of zooplankton observed was 17,870 organisms/m3 in Tarr Inlet during July. Trends in zooplankton community abundance and diversity within the lower Bay were distinct from upper-Glacier Bay trends. Whereas the lower Bay is strongly influenced by Gulf of Alaska processes, local processes are the strongest influence in the upper-Bay.
We identified 55 species of fish during this study (1999 and 2000) from beach seines, mid-water trawls, and rod and line catches. The diversity of physical, oceanographic, and glacial chronological conditions within Glacier Bay contribute a suite of factors that influence the distribution and abundance of fish. Accordingly, we observed significant differences in the abundance and distribution of fish within the Bay. Most significantly, abundance and diversity (primarily juvenile fish including walleye Pollock, eelblennies, and capelin) were greatest at the head of both the east and west arms where zooplankton abundance was greatest – in close proximity to tidewater glaciers and freshwater runoff.
All of Glacier Bay and Icy Strait were surveyed hydroacoustically for plankton and fish during June 1999 surveys. Acoustically determined forage biomass was concentrated in relatively few important areas such as Pt. Adolphus, Berg Bay, on the Geikie-Scidmore shelf, around the Beardslee/Marble islands, and the upper arms of Glacier Bay. Forage biomass (primarily small schooling fish and euphausiids) was concentrated in shallow, nearshore waters; 50 % of acoustic biomass was found at depths < 35m, 80 % of biomass at depths < 80m. During our sampling, high density patches of prey were very rare, and less than 8 % of the area surveyed in Glacier Bay contained patch densities suitable (e.g., > 0.01 fish/m3) for seabirds foraging on zooplankton and small schooling fish. Less than 1 % of the area contained patches suitable (e.g., >0.1 fish/m3) for whales foraging on zooplankton and small schooling fish. High-density aggregations of 0.1-10 fish/m3 were comprised mostly of schools containing capelin, pollock, herring or euphausiids (0.1-1 kg/m3).
During predator surveys (1999-2000), we observed 63 species of birds and 7 species of marine mammals. Seasonal distribution and abundance of these “apex” predators was highly variable by species. Glacier Bay supports high numbers of seabirds and marine mammals that consume zooplankton and small schooling fish. Nearshore areas had higher densities of both birds and marine mammals. Several areas, such as Pt. Adolphus, Berg Bay, on the Geikie-Scidmore shelf, the Beardslee/Marble islands, and the upper arms of Glacier Bay were focal points of small schooling fish and zooplankton consuming marine birds and mammals. Comparisons between surveys and a prior study (1991) suggested that the assemblage of birds and marine mammals in the Bay is undergoing change. Most notable was a clear decline in Brachyramphus spp. murrelets while other apex species are increasing or remaining stable.
It should be noted that many of the birds and mammals observed during this project, e.g. mergansers, do not forage on zooplankton and small schooling fish; rather they forage on benthic fish and sessile invertebrates. While distribution and sampling data for these marine predator species are valid, this study did not sample benthic fish and sessile invertebrates. Thus, recommendations made by this project should be interpreted as generally specific to the zooplankton/small schooling fish marine food web components of the Glacier Bay Ecosystem.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"Robards, M.D., Drew, G.S., Piatt, J.F., Anson, J.M., Abookire, A.A., Bodkin, J.L., Hooge, P.N., and Speckman, S., 2003, Ecology of selected marine communities in Glacier Bay: Zooplankton, forage fish, seabirds and marine mammals, xiii, 156 p.","productDescription":"xiii, 156 p.","numberOfPages":"169","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341116,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341115,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://alaska.usgs.gov/science/biology/seabirds_foragefish/products/reports/Glacier_Bay_Marine_Communities.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -135,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -137.5,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -137.5,\n 59.25\n ],\n [\n -135,\n 59.25\n ],\n [\n -135,\n 58\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59155bf1e4b01a342e69138e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robards, Martin D.","contributorId":40148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robards","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drew, Gary S. 0000-0002-6789-0891 gdrew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6789-0891","contributorId":3311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Gary","email":"gdrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anson, Jennifer Marie","contributorId":2712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anson","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Abookire, Alisa A.","contributorId":107224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abookire","given":"Alisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hooge, Philip N.","contributorId":52029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooge","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Speckman, Suzann G.","contributorId":88217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speckman","given":"Suzann G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70025197,"text":"70025197 - 2003 - Kilauea east rift zone magmatism: An episode 54 perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T17:42:40.769696","indexId":"70025197","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kilauea east rift zone magmatism: An episode 54 perspective","docAbstract":"On January 29 30, 1997, prolonged steady-state effusion of lava from Pu'u'O'o was briefly disrupted by shallow extension beneath Napau Crater, 1 4 km uprift of the active Kilauea vent. A 23-h-long eruption (episode 54) ensued from fissures that were overlapping or en echelon with eruptive fissures formed during episode 1 in 1983 and those of earlier rift zone eruptions in 1963 and 1968. Combined geophysical and petrologic data for the 1994 1999 eruptive interval, including episode 54, reveal a variety of shallow magmatic conditions that persist in association with prolonged rift zone eruption. Near-vent lava samples document a significant range in composition, temperature and crystallinity of pre-eruptive magma. As supported by phenocryst liquid relations and Kilauea mineral thermometers established herein, the rift zone extension that led to episode 54 resulted in mixture of near-cotectic magma with discrete magma bodies cooled to ≤1100°C. Mixing models indicate that magmas isolated beneath Napau Crater since 1963 and 1968 constituted 32 65% of the hybrid mixtures erupted during episode 54. Geophysical measurements support passive displacement of open-system magma along the active east rift conduit into closed-system rift-reservoirs along a shallow zone of extension. Geophysical and petrologic data for early episode 55 document the gradual flushing of episode 54 related magma during magmatic recharge of the edifice.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egg048","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Thornber, C., Heliker, C., Sherrod, D.R., Kauahikaua, J.P., Mikijus, A., Okubo, P.G., Trusdell, F., Budahn, J., Ridley, W., and Meeker, G., 2003, Kilauea east rift zone magmatism: An episode 54 perspective: Journal of Petrology, v. 44, no. 9, p. 1525-1559, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egg048.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"1525","endPage":"1559","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388280,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea East Rift Zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.1104736328125,\n 19.80805412808859\n ],\n [\n -155.2532958984375,\n 19.456233596018\n ],\n [\n -155.3192138671875,\n 19.25929414046391\n ],\n [\n -155.1104736328125,\n 19.295590314804254\n ],\n [\n -154.8358154296875,\n 19.440694401302856\n ],\n [\n -154.8248291015625,\n 19.53390722018251\n ],\n [\n -155.0335693359375,\n 19.761533975023298\n ],\n [\n -155.1104736328125,\n 19.80805412808859\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4091e4b0c8380cd64e6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thornber, C.R.","contributorId":69302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornber","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heliker, C.","contributorId":80314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heliker","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherrod, D. R.","contributorId":44559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kauahikaua, J. P.","contributorId":69992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mikijus, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":80431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikijus","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Okubo, P. G. 0000-0002-0381-6051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":95899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Trusdell, F. A.","contributorId":57471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Budahn, J. R. 0000-0001-9794-8882","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":83914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ridley, W.I.","contributorId":72122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Meeker, G.P.","contributorId":34539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70182826,"text":"70182826 - 2003 - Geologic signature of early Tertiary ridge subduction in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T15:37:38.263204","indexId":"70182826","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5198,"text":"Geological Society of America Special Papers ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic signature of early Tertiary ridge subduction in Alaska","docAbstract":"A mid-Paleocene to early Eocene encounter between an oceanic spreading center and a subduction zone produced a wide range of geologic features in Alaska. The most striking effects are seen in the accretionary prism (Chugach–Prince William terrane), where 61 to 50 Ma near-trench granitic to gabbroic plutons were intruded into accreted trench sediments that had been deposited only a few million years earlier. This short time interval also saw the genesis of ophiolites, some of which contain syngenetic massive sulfide deposits; the rapid burial of these ophiolites beneath trench turbidites, followed immediately by obduction; anomalous high-T, low-P, near-trench metamorphism; intense ductile deformation; motion on transverse strike-slip and normal faults; gold mineralization; and uplift of the accretionary prism above sea level. The magmatic arc experienced a brief flare-up followed by quiescence. In the Alaskan interior, 100 to 600 km landward of the paleotrench, several Paleocene to Eocene sedimentary basins underwent episodes of extensional subsidence, accompanied by bimodal volcanism. Even as far as 1000 km inboard of the paleotrench, the ancestral Brooks Range and its foreland basin experienced a pulse of uplift that followed about 40 million years of quiescence.
All of these events - but most especially those in the accretionary prism - can be attributed with varying degrees of confidence to the subduction of an oceanic spreading center. In this model, the ophiolites and allied ore deposits were produced at the soon-to-be subducted ridge. Near-trench magmatism, metamorphism, deformation, and gold mineralization took place in the accretionary prism above a slab window, where hot asthenosphere welled up into the gap between the two subducted, but still diverging, plates. Deformation took place as the critically tapered accretionary prism adjusted its shape to changes in the bathymetry of the incoming plate, changes in the convergence direction before and after ridge subduction, and changes in the strength of the prism as it was heated and then cooled. In this model, events in the Alaskan interior would have taken place above more distal, deeper parts of the slab window. Extensional (or transtensional) basin subsidence was driven by the two subducting plates that each exerted different tractions on the upper plate. The magmatic lull along the arc presumably marks a time when hydrated lithosphere was not being subducted beneath the arc axis. The absence of a subducting slab also may explain uplift of the Brooks Range and North Slope: Geodynamic models predict that longwavelength uplift of this magnitude will take place far inboard from Andean-type margins when a subducting slab is absent. Precise correlations between events in the accretionary prism and the Alaskan interior are hampered, however, by palinspastic problems. During and since the early Tertiary, margin-parallel strike-slip faulting has offset the near-trench plutonic belt - i.e., the very basis for locating the triple junction and slab window - from its backstop, by an amount that remains controversial.
Near-trench magmatism began at 61 Ma at Sanak Island in the west but not until 51 Ma at Baranof Island, 2200 km to the east. A west-to-east age progression suggests migration of a trench-ridge-trench triple junction, which we term the Sanak-Baranof triple junction. Most workers have held that the subducted ridge separated the Kula and Farallon plates. As a possible alternative, we suggest that the ridge may have separated the Kula plate from another oceanic plate to the east, which we have termed the Resurrection plate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2371-X.19","usgsCitation":"Bradley, D., Kusky, T.M., Haeussler, P.J., Goldfarb, R.J., Miller, M.L., Dumoulin, J.A., Nelson, S.W., and Karl, S.M., 2003, Geologic signature of early Tertiary ridge subduction in Alaska: Geological Society of America Special Papers , v. 371, p. 19-49, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2371-X.19.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"49","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336368,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163,\n 53\n ],\n [\n -135,\n 53\n ],\n [\n -135,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -163,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -163,\n 53\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"371","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a43e4b01ccd54ff3fc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kusky, Timothy M.","contributorId":11664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kusky","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":673914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942 mlmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti","email":"mlmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nelson, Steven W.","contributorId":74024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Karl, Susan M. 0000-0003-1559-7826 skarl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-7826","contributorId":502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Susan","email":"skarl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70156524,"text":"70156524 - 2003 - IKONOS geometric characterization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-24T12:36:53","indexId":"70156524","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"IKONOS geometric characterization","docAbstract":"The IKONOS spacecraft acquired images on July 3, 17, and 25, and August 13, 2001 of Brookings SD, a small city in east central South Dakota, and on May 22, June 30, and July 30, 2000, of the rural area around the EROS Data Center. South Dakota State University (SDSU) evaluated the Brookings scenes and the USGS EROS Data Center (EDC) evaluated the other scenes. The images evaluated by SDSU utilized various natural objects and man-made features as identifiable targets randomly distribution throughout the scenes, while the images evaluated by EDC utilized pre-marked artificial points (panel points) to provide the best possible targets distributed in a grid pattern. Space Imaging provided products at different processing levels to each institution. For each scene, the pixel (line, sample) locations of the various targets were compared to field observed, survey-grade Global Positioning System locations. Patterns of error distribution for each product were plotted, and a variety of statistical statements of accuracy are made. The IKONOS sensor also acquired 12 pairs of stereo images of globally distributed scenes between April 2000 and April 2001. For each scene, analysts at the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) compared derived photogrammetric coordinates to their corresponding NIMA field-surveyed ground control point (GCPs). NIMA analysts determined horizontal and vertical accuracies by averaging the differences between the derived photogrammetric points and the field-surveyed GCPs for all 12 stereo pairs. Patterns of error distribution for each scene are presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2003.04.002","usgsCitation":"Helder, D., Coan, M., Patrick, K., and Gaska, P., 2003, IKONOS geometric characterization: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 88, no. 1-2, p. 69-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2003.04.002.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"79","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307239,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dc402fe4b0518e354d1101","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helder, Dennis 0000-0002-7379-4679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-4679","contributorId":99714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"Dennis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coan, Michael mcoan@usgs.gov","contributorId":5398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coan","given":"Michael","email":"mcoan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":569386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patrick, Kevin","contributorId":146904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patrick","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaska, Peter","contributorId":146905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaska","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70180860,"text":"70180860 - 2003 - Polar bear aerial survey in the eastern Chukchi Sea: A pilot study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-14T07:25:37","indexId":"70180860","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polar bear aerial survey in the eastern Chukchi Sea: A pilot study","docAbstract":"Alaska has two polar bear populations: the Southern Beaufort Sea population, shared with Canada, and the Chukchi/Bering Seas population, shared with Russia. Currently a reliable population estimate for the Chukchi/Bering Seas population does not exist. Land-based aerial and mark-recapture population surveys may not be possible in the Chukchi Sea because variable ice conditions, the limited range of helicopters, extremely large polar bear home ranges, and severe weather conditions may limit access to remote areas. Thus line-transect aerial surveys from icebreakers may be the best available tool to monitor this polar bear stock. In August 2000, a line-transect survey was conducted in the eastern Chukchi Sea and western Beaufort Sea from helicopters based on a U.S. Coast Guard icebreaker under the \"Ship of Opportunity\" program. The objectives of this pilot study were to estimate polar bear density in the eastern Chukchi and western Beaufort Seas and to assess the logistical feasibility of using ship-based aerial surveys to develop polar bear population estimates. Twenty-nine polar bears in 25 groups were sighted on 94 transects (8257 km). The density of bears was estimated as 1 bear per 147 km² (CV = 38%). Additional aerial surveys in late fall, using dedicated icebreakers, would be required to achieve the number of sightings, survey effort, coverage, and precision needed for more effective monitoring of population trends in the Chukchi Sea.
Point estimates of groundwater recharge at 48 sediment-coring locations vary substantially (−18.5–1840 cm yr−1) in a 930-km2 area of southern New Jersey. Darcian estimates of steady, long-term recharge made at depth in the unsaturated zone were estimated using pedotransfer functions of soil texture and interpolated (mapped) with nonparametric methods to assess aquifer vulnerability in the area. The probability of exceeding the median recharge (29.1 cm yr−1) is low in the southwestern and northeastern portions of the study area and high in the eastern and southeastern portions. Estimated recharge is inversely related to measured percentage clay and positively related to the percentage of well-drained soils near wells. Spatial patterns of recharge estimates, exceedance probabilities, and clay content indicate that sediment texture controls recharge in the study area. Relations with land elevation and a topographic wetness index were statistically insignificant. Nitrate concentration and atrazine (6-chloro-N 2-ethyl-N 4-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) percentage detection in samples of shallow groundwater (typically <10 m) are higher for low recharge sites (≤29.1 cm yr−1) than for high recharge sites (>29.1 cm yr−1) in agricultural and urban areas. Differences between high and low recharge sites in these areas are highly significant for NO3 concentration, but not for atrazine concentration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society","doi":"10.2136/vzj2003.6770","usgsCitation":"Nolan, B.T., Baehr, A.L., and Kauffman, L.J., 2003, Spatial variability of groundwater recharge and its effect on shallow groundwater quality in southern New Jersey: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 2, no. 4, p. 677-691, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2003.6770.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"677","endPage":"691","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337595,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.13824462890625,\n 39.823303697329386\n ],\n [\n -75.17669677734375,\n 39.823303697329386\n ],\n [\n -75.498046875,\n 39.54641191968671\n ],\n [\n -75.1080322265625,\n 39.34067026099156\n ],\n [\n -74.72351074218749,\n 39.68182601089365\n ],\n [\n -75.13824462890625,\n 39.823303697329386\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52d2e4b0849ce97c86e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nolan, Bernard T. 0000-0002-6945-9659 btnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-9659","contributorId":2190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"Bernard","email":"btnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baehr, Arthur L.","contributorId":104523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kauffman, Leon J. 0000-0003-4564-0362 lkauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":1094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Leon","email":"lkauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015033,"text":"1015033 - 2003 - Non-native plant invasions in managed and protected ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forests of the Colorado Front Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-29T18:40:17.578395","indexId":"1015033","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Non-native plant invasions in managed and protected ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forests of the Colorado Front Range","docAbstract":"We examined patterns of non-native plant diversity in protected and managed ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forests of the Colorado Front Range. Cheesman Lake, a protected landscape, and Turkey Creek, a managed landscape, appear to have had similar natural disturbance histories prior to European settlement and fire protection during the last century. However, Turkey Creek has experienced logging, grazing, prescribed burning, and recreation since the late 1800s, while Cheesman Lake has not.
Using the modified-Whittaker plot design to sample understory species richness and cover, we collected data for 30 0.1 ha plots in each landscape. Topographic position greatly influenced results, while management history did not. At both Cheesman Lake and Turkey Creek, low/riparian plots had highest native and non-native species richness and cover; upland plots (especially east/west-facing, south-facing and flat, high plots) had the lowest. However, there were no significant differences between Cheesman Lake and Turkey Creek for native species richness, native species cover, non-native species richness, or non-native species cover for any topographic category. In general, non-native species richness and cover were highly positively correlated with native species richness and/or cover (among other variables). In total, 16 non-native species were recorded at Cheesman Lake and Turkey Creek; none of the 16 non-native species were more common at one site than another.
These findings suggest that: (1) areas that are high in native species diversity also contain more non-native species; (2) both protected and managed areas can be invaded by non-native plant species, and at similar intensities; and (3) logging, grazing, and other similar disturbances may have less of an impact on non-native species establishment and growth than topographic position (i.e., in lowland and riparian zones versus upland zones).
Waterfowl biologists need reliable predictors of brood and duckling survival to accurately estimate recruitment rates. We examined 30-day survival rates of gadwall (Anas strepera) broods (1992-1994) and ducklings (1990-1994) in eastern North Dakota, USA, during years when water conditions ranged from extremely dry to extremely wet. We evaluated effects of several variables on brood survival: (1) percent of seasonal wetland basins containing water, (2) occurrence of rain on the current or 2 previous exposure days, (3) minimum ambient temperature averaged over the current and 2 previous exposure days, (4) hatch date, (5) duckling age, and (6) brood size. Only 9 of 58 radiomarked females lost their entire broods; Kaplan-Meier 30-day survival rate for broods was 0.84. Brood size (adjusted for hatch date) was a better brood-survival predictor than were any of the environmental variables. Risk of total brood loss decreased by 24% for each additional duckling in the brood. We monitored fates of 212 radiomarked ducklings from 94 broods. Daily risk of death for ducklings was twice as high when seasonal ponds were scarce as when ponds were abundant. Duckling survival rate was lower during the first 7 days of life whether it rained or not; survival rate was greater for 8- to 30-day-old ducklings, but was reduced by rain. Thirty-day duckling survival was greatest when minimum daily temperatures exceeded 10°C and no rain occurred. We attributed 86% of 87 deaths of radiomarked ducklings to predation; American mink (Mustela vison) accounted for ≥68% of the 40 deaths for which predator type could be ascertained. Despite apparent resilience of gadwall populations during drought, our study documented a positive effect of seasonal wetland availability on gadwall duckling survival. Management efforts to improve recruitment will be more effective in years when most seasonal basins contain water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802714","usgsCitation":"Pietz, P., Krapu, G., Brandt, D., and Cox, R.R., 2003, Factors affecting gadwall brood and duckling survival in prairie pothole landscapes: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 67, no. 3, p. 564-575, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802714.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"564","endPage":"575","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388304,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"eastern Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.140625,\n 45.93587062119052\n ],\n [\n -96.56982421875,\n 45.93587062119052\n ],\n [\n -96.56982421875,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -99.140625,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -99.140625,\n 45.93587062119052\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"67","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f87fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pietz, P.J.","contributorId":6398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pietz","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krapu, Gary L.","contributorId":56994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brandt, D.A.","contributorId":67448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cox, R. R. Jr.","contributorId":57006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1001754,"text":"1001754 - 2003 - Effects of prairie fragmentation on the nest success of breeding birds in the midcontinental United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T09:11:48","indexId":"1001754","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of prairie fragmentation on the nest success of breeding birds in the midcontinental United States","docAbstract":"Grassland fragmentation and habitat loss are hypothesized to be contributing to widespread grassland bird declines in North America due to the adverse effects of fragmentation on breeding bird abundance and reproductive success. To assess the effects of fragmentation on the reproductive success of grassland birds, we measured rates of nest predation and brood parasitism for four species of birds ( Grasshopper Sparrow [Ammodramus savannaru], Henslow's Sparrow[Ammodramus henslowii], Eastern Meadowlark [ Sturnella magna], and Dickcissel [ Spiza Americana] ) in 39 prairie fragments ranging from 24 to>40,000 ha in size in five states in the mid-continental United States. Throughout the region, nest-predation rates were significantly influenced by habitat fragmentation. Nest predation was highest in small (<100 ha ) and lowest in large ( >1000 ha ) prairie fragments. Rates of brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds ( Molothrus ater ), however, were not consistently related to fragment size and instead were more strongly related to regional cowbird abundance, being significantly higher in regions with high cowbird abundance. Differences in nest-predation rates between large fragments ( 54–68% of all nests lost to predators ) and small fragments ( 78–84% lost to predators ) suggest that fragmentation of prairie habitats may be contributing to regional declines of grassland birds. Maintaining grassland bird populations, therefore, may require protection and restoration of large prairie areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"WIley","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01418.x","usgsCitation":"Herkert, J., Reinking, D., Wiedenfeld, D., Winter, M., Zimmerman, J., Jensen, W., Finck, E., Koford, R.R., Wolfe, D., Sherrod, S.K., Jenkins, M., Faaborg, J., and Robinson, S., 2003, Effects of prairie fragmentation on the nest success of breeding birds in the midcontinental United States: Conservation Biology, v. 17, p. 587-594, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01418.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"587","endPage":"594","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-03-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611a39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herkert, J.R.","contributorId":75876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkert","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reinking, D.L.","contributorId":26655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinking","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiedenfeld, D.A.","contributorId":25518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiedenfeld","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winter, M.","contributorId":66625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zimmerman, J.L.","contributorId":44498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jensen, W.E.","contributorId":35686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Finck, E.J.","contributorId":83065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finck","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Koford, Rolf R.","contributorId":16347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koford","given":"Rolf","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wolfe, D.H.","contributorId":73545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sherrod, S. K.","contributorId":9209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sherrod","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Jenkins, M.A.","contributorId":68253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Faaborg, John","contributorId":32871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faaborg","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Robinson, S.K.","contributorId":93433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70182819,"text":"70182819 - 2003 - Brittle deformation along the Gulf of Alaska margin in response to Paleocene-Eocene triple junction migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-02T15:20:01.265535","indexId":"70182819","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Brittle deformation along the Gulf of Alaska margin in response to Paleocene-Eocene triple junction migration","docAbstract":"A spreading center was subducted diachronously along a 2200 km segment of what is now the Gulf of Alaska margin between 61 and 50 Ma, and left in its wake near-trench intrusions and high-T, low-P metamorphic rocks. Gold-quartz veins and dikes, linked to ridge subduction by geochronological and relative timing evidence, provide a record of brittle deformation during and after passage of the ridge. The gold-quartz veins are typically hosted by faults, and their regional extent indicates there was widespread deformation of the forearc above the slab window at the time of ridge subduction. Considerable variability in the strain pattern was associated with the slab window and the trailing plate. A diffuse network of dextral, sinistral, and normal faults hosted small lode-gold deposits (<50,000 oz) in south-central Alaska, whereas crustal-scale dextral faults in southeastern Alaska are spatially associated with large gold deposits (up to 800,000 oz).
We interpret the gold-quartz veins as having formed above an eastward-migrating slab window, where the forearc crust responded to the diminishing influence of the forward subducting plate, the increasing influence of the trailing plate, and the thermal pulse and decreased basal friction from the slab window. In addition, extensional deformation of the forearc resulted from the diverging motions of the two oceanic plates at the margins of the slab window. Factors that complicate interpretations of fault kinematics and near-trench dike orientations include a change in plate motions at ca. 52 Ma, northward translation of the accretionary complex, oroclinal bending of the south-central Alaska margin, and subduction of transform segments. We find the pattern of syn-ridge subduction faulting in southern Alaska is remarkably similar to brittle faults near the Chile triple junction and to earthquake focal mechanisms in the Woodlark basin - the two modern sites of ridge subduction. Therefore, extensional and strike-slip deformation above slab windows may be a common occurrence.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology of a transpressional orogen developed during ridge-trench interaction along the North Pacific margin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2371-X.119","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., Bradley, D., and Goldfarb, R.J., 2003, Brittle deformation along the Gulf of Alaska margin in response to Paleocene-Eocene triple junction migration, chap. of Geology of a transpressional orogen developed during ridge-trench interaction along the North Pacific margin, v. 371, p. 119-140, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2371-X.119.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"140","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336366,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163,\n 53\n ],\n [\n -135,\n 53\n ],\n [\n -135,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -163,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -163,\n 53\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"371","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a43e4b01ccd54ff3fc6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sisson, V.B.","contributorId":101104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sisson","given":"V.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":887463,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roeske, Sarah M.","contributorId":141228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roeske","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13721,"text":"Department of Geology, University of Califorina Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887464,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pavlis, Terry L.","contributorId":52682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlis","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":887465,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":673884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1016275,"text":"1016275 - 2003 - Patterns of apparent extirpation among isolated populations of pikas (Ochotona princeps) in the Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T18:38:04","indexId":"1016275","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Patterns of apparent extirpation among isolated populations of pikas (Ochotona princeps) in the Great Basin","title":"Patterns of apparent extirpation among isolated populations of pikas (Ochotona princeps) in the Great Basin","docAbstract":"We conducted exploratory analyses to examine the relative roles played by natural and anthropogenic influences on persistence of a montane mammal. We revisited historical locations of pikas (Ochotona princeps) within the hydrographic Great Basin during summers of 1994-1999. Seven of 25 populations (28%) reported earlier in the 20th century appeared to have experienced recent extirpations. We assessed causative agents of faunal change using several alternative, but not mutually exclusive, hypotheses. Higher probability of persistence was correlated with greater area of talus habitat at local and mountain-range scales, higher elevation, more easterly longitude, more southern latitude, lack of livestock grazing, greater distance to primary roads, and wilderness management. However, only area of habitat in the mountain range, maximum elevation of talus habitat, and distance to primary roads appeared in the most parsimonious model of persistence when we used Akaike's information criterion model-selection technique. These results suggest that relaxation of montane faunas may occur more rapidly than previously expected; that biogeographic models of species occurrence can be refined by including more proximate factors (e.g., grazing status, proximity to roads); and that habitat-based approaches to modelling vertebrate trends should be accompanied by field data because population loss can occur with no apparent change in habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0037:POAEAI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Beever, E.A., Brussard, P., and Berger, J., 2003, Patterns of apparent extirpation among isolated populations of pikas (Ochotona princeps) in the Great Basin: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 84, no. 1, p. 37-54, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0037:POAEAI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"84","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688ade","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beever, Erik A. 0000-0002-9369-486X ebeever@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-486X","contributorId":2934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beever","given":"Erik","email":"ebeever@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brussard, P. F.","contributorId":63335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brussard","given":"P. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berger, Joel","contributorId":103640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Joel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003673,"text":"1003673 - 2003 - Chronic wasting disease in free-ranging Wisconsin white-tailed deer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-12T15:37:47","indexId":"1003673","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1493,"text":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chronic wasting disease in free-ranging Wisconsin white-tailed deer","docAbstract":"Three White-tailed Deer shot within 5 km during the 2001 hunting season in Wisconsin tested positive for chronic wasting disease, a prion disease of cervids. Subsequent sampling within 18 km showed a 3% prevalence (n=476). This discovery represents an important range extension for chronic wasting disease into the eastern United States.
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Changes in sediment proxies include progressive increases in the frequencies of mesotrophic planktonic diatom taxa and diatom concentrations, coupled with depletions of sediment δ15N and C : N values. These trends are especially pronounced since approximately 1950. The most conspicuous diatoms to expand in recent decades are Asterionella formosa and Fragilaria crotonensis. Down-core species changes are corroborated by a year-long sediment trap experiment from one of the lakes, which reveals high frequencies of these two taxa during autumn and winter months, the interval of peak annual limnetic [NO3-]. Although all lakes record recent changes, the amplitude of stratigraphic shifts is greater in lakes east of the Continental Divide relative to those on the western slope, implying that most nitrogen enrichment originates from urban, industrial and agricultural sources east of the Rocky Mountains. Deviations from natural trajectories of lake ontogeny are illustrated by canonical correspondence analysis, which constrains the diatom record as a response to changes in nitrogen biogeochemistry. These results indicate that modest rates of anthropogenic nitrogen deposition are fully capable of inducing directional biological and biogeochemical shifts in relatively pristine ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1472-4669.2003.00012.x","usgsCitation":"Wolfe, A., Van Gorp, A., and Baron, J., 2003, Recent ecological and biogeochemical changes in alpine lakes of Rocky Mountain National Park (Colorado, USA): A response to anthropogenic nitrogen deposition: Geobiology, v. 1, no. 2, p. 153-168, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-4669.2003.00012.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"168","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain National Park","volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-10-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648573","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolfe, A.P.","contributorId":46445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Gorp, A.C.","contributorId":35695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gorp","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025798,"text":"70025798 - 2003 - Petrogenesis of mesozoic, peraluminous granites in the Lamoille canyon area, Ruby mountains, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T17:31:28.189151","indexId":"70025798","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrogenesis of mesozoic, peraluminous granites in the Lamoille canyon area, Ruby mountains, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"Two groups of closely associated, peraluminous, two-mica granitic gneiss were identified in the area. The older, sparsely distributed unit is equigranular (EG) with initial εNd ∼ − 8·8 and initial 87Sr/86Sr ∼0·7098. Its age is uncertain. The younger unit is Late Cretaceous (∼80 Ma), pegmatitic, and sillimanite-bearing (KPG), with εNd from −15·8 to −17·3 and initial 87Sr/86Sr from 0·7157 to 0·7198. The concentrations of Fe, Mg, Na, Ca, Sr, V, Zr, Zn and Hf are higher, and K, Rb and Th are lower in the EG. Major- and trace-element models indicate that the KPG was derived by muscovite dehydration melting (<35 km depth) of Neoproterozoic metapelitic rocks that are widespread in the eastern Great Basin. The models are broadly consistent with anatexis of crust tectonically thickened during the Sevier orogeny; no mantle mass or heat contribution was necessary. As such, this unit represents one crustal end-member of regional Late Cretaceous peraluminous granites. The EG was produced by biotite dehydration melting at greater depths, with garnet stable in the residue. The source of the EG was probably Paleoproterozoic metagraywacke. Because EG magmatism probably pre-dated Late Cretaceous crustal thickening, it required heat input from the mantle or from mantle-derived magma.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/44.4.713","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Lee, S., Barnes, C., Snoke, A., Howard, K.A., and Frost, C., 2003, Petrogenesis of mesozoic, peraluminous granites in the Lamoille canyon area, Ruby mountains, Nevada, USA: Journal of Petrology, v. 44, no. 4, p. 713-732, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/44.4.713.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"713","endPage":"732","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388279,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Ruby Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.91650390625,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -114.10400390625,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -114.10400390625,\n 41.983994270935625\n ],\n [\n -116.91650390625,\n 41.983994270935625\n ],\n [\n -116.91650390625,\n 38.8225909761771\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7781e4b0c8380cd784f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, S.-Y.","contributorId":75669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"S.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, C. G.","contributorId":78819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"C. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snoke, A.W.","contributorId":14899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snoke","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howard, K. A.","contributorId":48938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howard","given":"K.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frost, C.D.","contributorId":20900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frost","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025997,"text":"70025997 - 2003 - Crustal structure in the Elko-Carlin Region, Nevada, during Eocene gold mineralization: Ruby-East Humboldt metamorphic core complex as a guide to the deep crust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-27T17:43:31.028848","indexId":"70025997","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure in the Elko-Carlin Region, Nevada, during Eocene gold mineralization: Ruby-East Humboldt metamorphic core complex as a guide to the deep crust","docAbstract":"The deep crustal rocks exposed in the Ruby-East Humboldt metamorphic core complex, northeastern Nevada, provide a guide for reconstructing Eocene crustal structure ∼50 km to the west near the Carlin trend of gold deposits. The deep crustal rocks, in the footwall of a west-dipping normal-sense shear system, may have underlain the Piñon and Adobe Ranges about 50 km to the west before Tertiary extension, close to or under part of the Carlin trend. Eocene lakes formed on the hanging wall of the fault system during an early phase of extension and may have been linked to a fluid reservoir for hydrothermal circulation. The magnitude and timing of Paleogene extension remain indistinct, but dikes and tilt axes in the upper crust indicate that spreading was east-west to northwest-southeast, perpendicular to a Paleozoic and Mesozoic orogen that the spreading overprinted. High geothermal gradients associated with Eocene or older crustal thinning may have contributed to hydrothermal circulation in the upper crust. Late Eocene eruptions, upper crustal dike intrusion, and gold mineralization approximately coincided temporally with deep intrusion of Eocene sills of granite and quartz diorite and shallower intrusion of the Harrison Pass pluton into the core-complex rocks. Stacked Mesozoic nappes of metamorphosed Paleozoic and Precambrian rocks in the core complex lay at least 13 to 20 km deep in Eocene time, on the basis of geobarometry studies. In the northern part of the complex, the presently exposed rocks had been even deeper in the late Mesozoic, to >30 km depths, before losing part of their cover by Eocene time. Nappes in the core plunge northward beneath the originally thicker Mesozoic tectonic cover in the north part of the core complex. Mesozoic nappes and tectonic wedging likely occupied the thickened midlevel crustal section between the deep crustal core-complex intrusions and nappes and the overlying upper crust. These structures, as well as the subsequent large-displacement Cenozoic extensional faulting and flow in the deep crust, would be expected to blur the expression of any regional structural roots that could correlate with mineral belts. Structural mismatch of the mineralized upper crust and the tectonically complex middle crust suggests that the Carlin trend relates not to subjacent deeply penetrating rooted structures but to favorable upper crustal host rocks aligned within a relatively coherent regional block of upper crust.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.98.2.249","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Howard, K.A., 2003, Crustal structure in the Elko-Carlin Region, Nevada, during Eocene gold mineralization: Ruby-East Humboldt metamorphic core complex as a guide to the deep crust: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 2, p. 249-268, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.2.249.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"268","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387481,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Elko, Carlin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.26556396484374,\n 40.66397287638688\n ],\n [\n -115.6805419921875,\n 40.66397287638688\n ],\n [\n -115.6805419921875,\n 40.93426521177941\n ],\n [\n -116.26556396484374,\n 40.93426521177941\n ],\n [\n -116.26556396484374,\n 40.66397287638688\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fce9e4b0c8380cd4e4e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, K. A.","contributorId":48938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howard","given":"K.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":81459,"text":"81459 - 2003 - Biological structure and dynamics of fish assemblages in tributaries of eastern Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:52","indexId":"81459","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Biological structure and dynamics of fish assemblages in tributaries of eastern Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"Interest in effective management of Great Lakes natural resources and restoration of native populations has stimulated interest in the conditions and ecological role of tributaries in the Great Lakes ecosystem. Rivers of Lake Ontario's eastern basin provide an excellent opportunity to examine important tributaries and their relationship to Lake Ontario. This paper reports on the results of an investigation of fish assemblage structure in lower reaches of the Salmon and Oswego Rivers and at their interfaces with Lake Ontario. These two systems represent conditions near the end points on a continuum from highly disturbed to pristine. They are also of great interest to resource managers for their important fisheries and other economic values. The objective was to identify distinct fish assemblages within these systems and relate their characteristics to biotic and abiotic conditions in an attempt to determine factors responsible for structuring and maintaining those species assemblages. This information is intended to provide baseline information for monitoring the status of these rivers and coastal systems and to aid in the development of models of ecological health.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"State of Lake Ontario: past, present and future","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management Society","publisherLocation":"New Delhi","isbn":"8178982994","usgsCitation":"McKenna, J., 2003, Biological structure and dynamics of fish assemblages in tributaries of eastern Lake Ontario, chap. of State of Lake Ontario: past, present and future, p. 443-474.","productDescription":"p. 443-474","startPage":"443","endPage":"474","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb971","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Munawar, M.","contributorId":79835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munawar","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504131,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"McKenna, James E. Jr.","contributorId":56992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"James E.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70026031,"text":"70026031 - 2003 - Impact damage to dinocysts from the Late Eocene Chesapeake Bay event","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-22T18:29:52.773325","indexId":"70026031","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3000,"text":"Palaios","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact damage to dinocysts from the Late Eocene Chesapeake Bay event","docAbstract":"The Chesapeake Bay impact structure, formed by a comet or meteorite that struck the Virginia continental shelf about 35.5 million years ago, is the focus of an extensive coring project by the U.S. Geological Survey and its cooperators. Organic-walled dinocysts recovered from impact-generated deposits in a deep core inside the 85-90 km-wide crater include welded organic clumps and fused, partially melted and bubbled dinocysts unlike any previously observed. Other observed damage to dinocysts consists of breakage, pitting, and folding in various combinations. The entire marine Cretaceous, Paleocene, and Eocene section that was once present at the site has been excavated and redeposited under extreme conditions that include shock, heat, collapse, tsunamis, and airfall. The preserved dinocysts reflect these conditions and, as products of a known impact, may serve as guides for recognizing impact-related deposits elsewhere. Features that are not unique to impacts, such as breakage and folding, may offer new insights into crater-history studies in general, and to the history of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure in particular. Impact-damaged dinocysts also are found sporadically in post-impact deposits and add to the story of continuing erosion and faulting of crater material.","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.1669/0883-1351(2003)018<0275:IDTDFT>2.0.CO;2","issn":"08831351","usgsCitation":"Edwards, L.E., and Powars, D.S., 2003, Impact damage to dinocysts from the Late Eocene Chesapeake Bay event: Palaios, v. 18, no. 3, p. 275-285, https://doi.org/10.1669/0883-1351(2003)018<0275:IDTDFT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"285","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388325,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.09130859375,\n 39.60145584096999\n ],\n [\n -76.5911865234375,\n 39.27053717095511\n ],\n [\n -76.6021728515625,\n 38.89958342598271\n ],\n [\n -76.6845703125,\n 38.298559092254344\n ],\n [\n -77.069091796875,\n 38.363195134453846\n ],\n [\n -76.8438720703125,\n 38.14751758025121\n ],\n [\n -76.3055419921875,\n 37.913867495923746\n ],\n [\n -76.37695312499999,\n 37.62728430268013\n ],\n [\n -76.37695312499999,\n 37.36142550190517\n ],\n [\n -76.46484375,\n 37.41816326969145\n ],\n [\n -76.475830078125,\n 37.16907157713011\n ],\n [\n -76.2890625,\n 37.02448395075965\n ],\n [\n -76.1187744140625,\n 36.91915611148194\n ],\n [\n -75.69030761718749,\n 37.84883250647402\n ],\n [\n -75.8551025390625,\n 37.97884504049713\n ],\n [\n -76.278076171875,\n 38.40194908237822\n ],\n [\n -76.102294921875,\n 38.66406704456943\n ],\n [\n -76.17919921875,\n 39.031986028740086\n ],\n [\n -76.2725830078125,\n 39.16839998800286\n ],\n [\n -75.89355468749999,\n 39.410733055084954\n ],\n [\n -75.8331298828125,\n 39.554883059924016\n ],\n [\n -76.09130859375,\n 39.60145584096999\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38ade4b0c8380cd61656","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":407596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powars, David S. 0000-0002-6787-8964 dspowars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-8964","contributorId":1181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"David","email":"dspowars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":407597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026312,"text":"70026312 - 2003 - Responses of infaunal populations to benthoscape structure and the potential importance of transition zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T10:14:22","indexId":"70026312","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of infaunal populations to benthoscape structure and the potential importance of transition zones","docAbstract":"Relationships between population abundance and seafloor landscape, or benthoscape, structure were examined for 16 infaunal taxa in eastern Long Island Sound. Based on analyses of a side-scan sonar mosaic, the 19.4-km2 study area was comprised of six distinct large-scale (> km2) benthoscape elements, with varying levels of mesoscale (km2-m2) and small-scale (< m2) physical and biological habitat heterogeneity. Transition zones among elements varied from ~50 to 200 m in width, comprised ~32% of the benthoscape, and added to overall benthoscape heterogeneity. Population abundances of nine taxa varied significantly among the large-scale elements. Most species were found at high abundances only in one benthoscape element, but three had several foci of elevated abundances. Analyses of population responses to habitat heterogeneity at different spatial scales indicated that abundances of eight taxa varied significantly among spatial scales, but the significant scales were mixed among these species. Relatively large residual variations suggest significant amounts of mesoscale spatial variation were unaccounted for, varying from ~1 km2 to several m2. Responses to transition zones were mixed as well. Abundances of nine taxa varied significantly among transition zones and interiors of benthoscape elements, most with elevated abundances in transition zones. Our results show that infaunal populations exhibit complex and spatially varying patterns of abundance in relation to benthoscape structure and suggest that mesoscale variation may be particularly critical in this regard. Also, transition zones among benthoscape features add considerably to this variation and may be ecological important areas in seafloor environments.","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.4319/lo.2003.48.2.0829","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Zajac, R., Lewis, R.S., Poppe, L., Twichell, D., Vozarik, J., and DiGiacomo-Cohen, M., 2003, Responses of infaunal populations to benthoscape structure and the potential importance of transition zones: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 48, no. 2, p. 829-842, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2003.48.2.0829.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"829","endPage":"842","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.827,40.7578 ], [ -73.827,41.3293 ], [ -72.0244,41.3293 ], [ -72.0244,40.7578 ], [ -73.827,40.7578 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-03-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaaa3e4b0c8380cd86440","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zajac, R.N.","contributorId":38182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zajac","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, R. S.","contributorId":19951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vozarik, J.","contributorId":53993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vozarik","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DiGiacomo-Cohen, M. L.","contributorId":55465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiGiacomo-Cohen","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70026118,"text":"70026118 - 2003 - Fleas (Siphonaptera) of the Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) in West Virginia with comments on host specificity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-29T18:12:03.168693","indexId":"70026118","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fleas (Siphonaptera) of the Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) in West Virginia with comments on host specificity","docAbstract":"Previous research has indicated fewer host-specific ectoparasites on woodrats of the eastern United States as compared to western woodrat species. The Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) is a species of conservation concern that is associated with rocky habitats in the Appalachian and Interior Highland regions in the eastern United States. We examined Allegheny woodrat flea parasites in the core of the distribution to further elucidate patterns of ectoparasite host specificity in woodrats of the eastern United States. Of 346 fleas collected from 62 Allegheny woodrats, all but 1 were identified as Orchopeas pennsylvanicus. The single exception was a male Epitedia cavernicola, which represents only the second collection of this species from West Virginia. Unlike the eastern woodrat (Neotoma floridana), which hosts a variety of generalist flea parasites, Allegheny woodrats in our study were host to only 2 flea species, both of which are host specific to woodrats. We suggest that flea host specificity may be related to the specific habitat requirements of this species.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2003)149[0233:FSOTAW]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00030031","usgsCitation":"Castleberry, S., Castleberry, N., Wood, P., Ford, W., and Mengak, M., 2003, Fleas (Siphonaptera) of the Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) in West Virginia with comments on host specificity: American Midland Naturalist, v. 149, no. 1, p. 233-236, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2003)149[0233:FSOTAW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"236","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388635,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"149","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10d4e4b0c8380cd53e13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Castleberry, S.B.","contributorId":58975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castleberry","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Castleberry, N.L.","contributorId":35925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castleberry","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, P.B. 0000-0002-8575-1705","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8575-1705","contributorId":103992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ford, W.M.","contributorId":50475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mengak, M.T.","contributorId":40777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mengak","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026109,"text":"70026109 - 2003 - Paleoearthquakes and Eolian-dominated fault sedimentation along the Hubbell Spring fault zone near Albuquerque, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-18T00:16:31.839027","indexId":"70026109","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoearthquakes and Eolian-dominated fault sedimentation along the Hubbell Spring fault zone near Albuquerque, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The Hubbell Spring fault zone forms the modern eastern margin of the Rio Grande rift in the Albuquerque basin of north-central New Mexico. Knowledge of its seismic potential is important because the fault zone transects Kirtland Air Force Base/Sandia National Laboratories and underlies the southern Albuquerque metropolitan area. No earthquakes larger than ML 5.5 have been reported in the last 150 years in this region, so we excavated the first trench across this fault zone to determine its late Quaternary paleoseismic history. Our trench excavations revealed a complex, 16-m-wide fault zone overlain by four tapered blankets of mixed eolian sand and minor colluvium that we infer were deposited after four large-magnitude, surface-rupturing earthquakes. Although the first (oldest) rupture event is undated, we used luminescence (thermoluminescence and infrared-stimulated luminescence) ages to determine that the subsequent three rupture events occurred about 56 ?? 6, 29 ?? 3, and 12 ?? 1 ka. These ages yield recurrence intervals of 27 and 17 k.y. between events and an elapsed time of 12 k.y. since the latest surface-rupturing paleoearthquake. Slip rates are not well constrained, but our preferred average slip rate since rupture event 2 (post-56 ka) is 0.05 mm/yr, and interval slip rates between the last three events are 0.06 and 0.09 mm/yr, respectively. Vertical displacements of 1-2 m per event and probable rupture lengths of 34-43 km indicate probable paleoearthquake magnitudes (Ms or Mw) of 6.8-7.1. Future earthquakes of this size likely would cause strong ground motions in the Albuquerque metropolitan area.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020031","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Personius, S., and Mahan, S., 2003, Paleoearthquakes and Eolian-dominated fault sedimentation along the Hubbell Spring fault zone near Albuquerque, New Mexico: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 3, p. 1355-1369, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020031.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1355","endPage":"1369","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":421941,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Albuquerque","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.07343562640976,\n 35.36008866320631\n ],\n [\n -107.07343562640976,\n 34.78463699495509\n ],\n [\n -106.28242000140976,\n 34.78463699495509\n ],\n [\n -106.28242000140976,\n 35.36008866320631\n ],\n [\n -107.07343562640976,\n 35.36008866320631\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73d4e4b0c8380cd77288","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Personius, S. F. 0000-0001-8347-7370","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-7370","contributorId":31408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personius","given":"S. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahan, S. A. 0000-0001-5214-7774","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":94333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026105,"text":"70026105 - 2003 - Nitrogen limitation of growth and nutrient dynamics in a disturbed mangrove forest, Indian River Lagoon, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-22T17:52:22.183734","indexId":"70026105","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen limitation of growth and nutrient dynamics in a disturbed mangrove forest, Indian River Lagoon, Florida","docAbstract":"The objectives of this study were to determine effects of nutrient enrichment on plant growth, nutrient dynamics, and photosynthesis in a disturbed mangrove forest in an abandoned mosquito impoundment in Florida. Impounding altered the hydrology and soil chemistry of the site. In 1997, we established a factorial experiment along a tree-height gradient with three zones, i.e., fringe, transition, dwarf, and three fertilizer treatment levels, i.e., nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), control, in Mosquito Impoundment 23 on the eastern side of Indian River. Transects traversed the forest perpendicular to the shoreline, from a Rhizophora mangle-dominated fringe through an Avicennia germinans stand of intermediate height, and into a scrub or dwarf stand of A. germinans in the hinterland. Growth rates increased significantly in response to N fertilization. Our growth data indicated that this site is N-limited along the tree-height gradient. After 2 years of N addition, dwarf trees resembled vigorously growing saplings. Addition of N also affected internal dynamics of N and P and caused increases in rates of photosynthesis. These findings contrast with results for a R. mangle-dominated forest in Belize where the fringe is N-limited, but the dwarf zone is P-limited and the transition zone is co-limited by N and P. This study demonstrated that patterns of nutrient limitation in mangrove ecosystems are complex, that not all processes respond similarly to the same nutrient, and that similar habitats are not limited by the same nutrient when different mangrove forests are compared.
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E.","contributorId":103450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovelock","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026098,"text":"70026098 - 2003 - Eolian sand transport pathways in the southwestern United States: Importance of the Colorado River and local sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T16:26:20","indexId":"70026098","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eolian sand transport pathways in the southwestern United States: Importance of the Colorado River and local sources","docAbstract":"Geomorphologists have long recognized that eolian sand transport pathways extend over long distances in desert regions. Along such pathways, sediment transport by wind can surmount topographic obstacles and cross major drainages. Recent studies have suggested that three distinct eolian sand transport pathways exist (or once existed) in the Mojave and Sonoran Desert regions of the southwestern United States. One hypothesized pathway is colian sand transport from the eastern Mojave Desert of California into western Arizona, near Parker, and would require sand movement across what must have been at least a seasonally dry Colorado River valley. We tested this hypothesis by mineralogical, geochemical and magnetic analyses of eolian sands on both sides of the Colorado River, as well as sediment from the river itself. Results indicate that dunes on opposite sides of the Colorado River are mineralogically distinct: eastern California dunes are feldspar-rich whereas western Arizona dunes are quartz-rich, derived from quartz-rich Colorado River sediments. Because of historic vegetation changes, little new sediment from the Colorado River is presently available to supply the Parker dunes. Based on this study and previous work, the Colorado River is now known to be the source of sand for at least three of the major dune fields of the Sonoran Desert of western Arizona and northern Mexico. On the other hand, locally derived alluvium appears to be a more important source of dune fields in the Mojave Desert of California. Although many geomorphologists have stressed the importance of large fluvial systems in the origin of desert dune fields, few empirical data actually exist to support this theory. The results presented here demonstrate that a major river system in the southwestern United States is a barrier to the migration of some dune fields, but essential to the origin of others. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1040-6182(02)00131-3","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Reynolds, R.L., Been, J., and Skipp, G., 2003, Eolian sand transport pathways in the southwestern United States: Importance of the Colorado River and local sources: Quaternary International, v. 104, no. 1, p. 3-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(02)00131-3.","startPage":"3","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208939,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(02)00131-3"},{"id":235060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a01e4b0c8380cd52156","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, R. L. 0000-0002-4572-2942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":79885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":407897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Been, J.","contributorId":24949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Been","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skipp, G.","contributorId":49899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skipp","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026087,"text":"70026087 - 2003 - Seasonal movements, migratory behavior, and site fidelity of West Indian manatees along the Atlantic coast of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T17:33:47.03821","indexId":"70026087","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3773,"text":"Wildlife Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal movements, migratory behavior, and site fidelity of West Indian manatees along the Atlantic coast of the United States","docAbstract":"The West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) is endangered by human activities throughout its range, including the U.S. Atlantic coast where habitat degradation from coastal development and manatee deaths from watercraft collisions have been particularly severe. We radio-tagged and tracked 78 manatees along the east coast of Florida and Georgia over a 12-year period (1986-1998). Our goals were to characterize the seasonal movements, migratory behavior, and site fidelity of manatees in this region in order to provide information for the development of effective conservation strategies. Most study animals were tracked remotely with the Argos satellite system, which yielded a mean (SD) of 3.7 (1.6) locations per day; all were regularly tracked in the field using conventional radiotelemetry methods. The combined data collection effort yielded >93,000 locations over nearly 32,000 tag-days. The median duration of tracking was 8.3 months per individual, but numerous manatees were tracked over multiple years (max = 6.8 years). Most manatees migrated seasonally over large distances between a northerly warm-season range and a southerly winter range (median one-way distance = 280 km, max = 830 km), but 12% of individuals were resident in a relatively small area (<50 km) year-round. The movements of one adult male spanned >2,300 km of coastline between southeastern Florida and Rhode Island. No study animals journeyed to the Gulf coast of Florida. Regions heavily utilized by tagged manatees included: Fernandina Beach, FL to Brunswick, GA in the warm season; northern Biscayne Bay to Port Everglades, FL in the winter; and central coastal Florida, especially the Banana River and northern Indian River lagoons, in all seasons. Daily travel rate, defined as the distance between successive mean daily locations, averaged 2.5 km (SD = 1.7), but this varied with season, migratory pattern, and sex. Adult males traveled a significantly greater distance per day than did adult females for most of the warm season, which corresponded closely with the principal period of breeding activity, but there was no difference between the sexes in daily travel rate during the winter. The timing of seasonal migrations differed markedly between geographic regions. Most long-distance movements in the southern half of the study area occurred between November and March in response to changing temperatures, whereas most migrations in the northern region took place during the warmer, non-winter months. Manatees left their warm-season range in central Florida in response to cold fronts that dropped water temperatures by an average of 2.0??C over the 24-hr period preceding departure. Water temperature at departure from the warm-season range averaged 19??C, but varied among individuals (16-22??C) and was not related to body size or female reproductive status. The presence of industrial warm-water effluents permitted many manatees to overwinter north of their historic winter range, and for some migrants this delayed autumn migrations and facilitated earlier spring migrations. Southward autumn and northward spring migrations lasted an average of 10 and 15 days at mean rates of 33.5 (SD = 7.6) and 27.3 (SD = 10.5) km/day, respectively. The highest rate of travel during migration was 87 km/day (3.6 km/hr) during winter. Manatees overwintering in southeastern Florida often traveled north during mild weather - sometimes reaching their warm-season range - only to return south again with the next major cold front. Manatees were consistent in their seasonal movement patterns across years and showed strong fidelity, to warm-season and winter ranges. Within a season, individuals usually occupied only 1 or 2 core use areas that encompassed about 90% of daily locations. Most manatees returned faithfully to the same seasonal ranges year after year (median distance between range centers was <5 km between years). Seasonal movements of 4 immature manatees tracked as calves with their mothers
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","usgsCitation":"Deutsch, C.J., Reid, J., Bonde, R., Easton, D.E., Kochman, H., and O'Shea, T., 2003, Seasonal movements, migratory behavior, and site fidelity of West Indian manatees along the Atlantic coast of the United States: Wildlife Monographs, v. 151, p. 1-77.","productDescription":"77 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"77","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.0791015625,\n 32.10118973232094\n ],\n [\n -82.001953125,\n 30.524413269923986\n ],\n [\n -80.6396484375,\n 26.509904531413927\n ],\n [\n -80.4638671875,\n 25.363882272740256\n ],\n [\n -82.265625,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -83.1005859375,\n 28.07198030177986\n ],\n [\n -80.8154296875,\n 24.607069137709683\n ],\n [\n -79.6728515625,\n 26.115985925333536\n ],\n [\n -79.9365234375,\n 28.14950321154457\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 30.334953881988564\n ],\n [\n -81.0791015625,\n 32.10118973232094\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"151","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88c4e4b08c986b316b69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deutsch, C. J.","contributorId":79826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deutsch","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, J.P. 0000-0002-8497-1132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-1132","contributorId":59372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonde, R. K. 0000-0001-9179-4376","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":63339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"R. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Easton, Dean E.","contributorId":57784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Easton","given":"Dean","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kochman, H. I.","contributorId":88296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kochman","given":"H. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}