Chemical and isotope data accumulated by two USGS Projects (led by I. Barnes and R. Mariner) over a time period of about 40 years can now be found using a basic web search or through an image search (left). The data are primarily chemical and isotopic analyses of waters (thermal, mineral, or fresh) and associated gas (free and/or dissolved) collected from hot springs, mineral springs, cold springs, geothermal wells, fumaroles, and gas seeps. Additional information is available about the collection methods and analysis procedures.
The chemical and isotope data are stored in a MySQL database and accessed using PHP from a basic search form below. Data can also be accessed using an Open Source GIS called WorldKit by clicking on the image to the left. Additional information is available about WorldKit including the files used to set up the site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds169","usgsCitation":"Mariner, R.H., Venezky, D., and Hurwitz, S., 2006, Chemical and isotopic database of water and gas from hydrothermal systems with an emphasis for the western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 169, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds169.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7502,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2005/169/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e4888","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mariner, Robert H.","contributorId":81075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Venezky, D.Y.","contributorId":64331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Venezky","given":"D.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hurwitz, S.","contributorId":61110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":73423,"text":"ds156 - 2006 - Dissolved-gas concentrations in ground water in West Virginia, 1997-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:01","indexId":"ds156","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"156","title":"Dissolved-gas concentrations in ground water in West Virginia, 1997-2005","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ds156","usgsCitation":"White, J.S., and Mathes, M.V., 2006, Dissolved-gas concentrations in ground water in West Virginia, 1997-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 156, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds156.","productDescription":"14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7500,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2005/156/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a215","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Jeremy S. 0000-0002-1501-1074 jswhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1501-1074","contributorId":3905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Jeremy","email":"jswhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mathes, Melvin V.","contributorId":77571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathes","given":"Melvin","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":73363,"text":"sir20055287 - 2006 - Development and application of a regression equation for estimating the occurrence of atrazine in shallow ground water beneath agricultural areas of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:01","indexId":"sir20055287","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5287","title":"Development and application of a regression equation for estimating the occurrence of atrazine in shallow ground water beneath agricultural areas of the United States","docAbstract":"Results from 52 ground-water studies throughout the United States were used to examine relations between the occurrence of atrazine in shallow ground water in agricultural settings and explanatory variables that describe the natural setting, agricultural-management practices, and the type and amount of development in each area. The explanatory variables that were found to be correlated with atrazine occurrence were soil-infiltration rates, presence of artificial drainage (tile drains or trenches), available water-holding capacity of soils, soil permeability, amount of study area using ground water for irrigation source (as percentage of total area), amount of agricultural land (as percentage of total area), and intensity of atrazine use. Ordinary least-squares regression equations that used one or more of these explanatory variables describe as much as 58 percent of the variation in atrazine-detection frequencies. Application of a multivariate equation to unmonitored agricultural areas across the conterminous United States illustrates that atrazine use alone is insufficient for estimating the occurrence of atrazine in shallow ground water. Instead, areas in which soil characteristics and agricultural-management practices favor the movement of water from land surface to the water table and that also have intensive atrazine use are the most vulnerable to atrazine contamination.\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055287","usgsCitation":"Stackelberg, P.E., Gilliom, R.J., Wolock, D.M., and Hitt, K.J., 2006, Development and application of a regression equation for estimating the occurrence of atrazine in shallow ground water beneath agricultural areas of the United States (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5287, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055287.","productDescription":"22 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7497,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5287/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667276","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stackelberg, Paul E. 0000-0002-1818-355X pestack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-355X","contributorId":1069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackelberg","given":"Paul","email":"pestack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hitt, Kerie J.","contributorId":54565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Kerie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":73433,"text":"sir20065019 - 2006 - Simulations of hydraulic characteristics for an upstream extension of the white sturgeon spawning habitat of the Kootenai River, Idaho - a supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5110","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:01","indexId":"sir20065019","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5019","title":"Simulations of hydraulic characteristics for an upstream extension of the white sturgeon spawning habitat of the Kootenai River, Idaho - a supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5110","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065019","usgsCitation":"Berenbrock, C., 2006, Simulations of hydraulic characteristics for an upstream extension of the white sturgeon spawning habitat of the Kootenai River, Idaho - a supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5110 (Supplements SIR 2005-5110): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5019, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065019.","productDescription":"26 p.","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7501,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5019/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Supplements SIR 2005-5110","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f1b9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berenbrock, Charles","contributorId":30598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berenbrock","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":73413,"text":"sir20065005 - 2006 - Occurrence, distribution, and transport of pesticides in agricultural irrigation-return flow from four drainage basins in the Columbia Basin Project, Washington, 2002-04, and comparison with historical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:01","indexId":"sir20065005","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5005","title":"Occurrence, distribution, and transport of pesticides in agricultural irrigation-return flow from four drainage basins in the Columbia Basin Project, Washington, 2002-04, and comparison with historical data","docAbstract":"Water-quality samples were collected from sites in four irrigation return-flow drainage basins in the Columbia Basin Project from July 2002 through October 2004. Ten samples were collected throughout the irrigation season (generally April through October) and two samples were collected during the non-irrigation season. Samples were analyzed for temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, major ions, trace elements, nutrients, and a suite of 107 pesticides and pesticide metabolites (pesticide transformation products) and to document the occurrence, distribution, and pesticides transport and pesticide metabolites.\r\n\r\nThe four drainage basins vary in size from 19 to 710 square miles. Percentage of agricultural cropland ranges from about 35 percent in Crab Creek drainage basin to a maximum of 75 percent in Lind Coulee drainage basin. More than 95 percent of cropland in Red Rock Coulee, Crab Creek, and Sand Hollow drainage basins is irrigated, whereas only 30 percent of cropland in Lind Coulee is irrigated. \r\n\r\nForty-two pesticides and five metabolites were detected in samples from the four irrigation return-flow drainage basins. The most compounds detected were in samples from Sand Hollow with 37, followed by Lind Coulee with 33, Red Rock Coulee with 30, and Crab Creek with 28. Herbicides were the most frequently detected pesticides, followed by insecticides, metabolites, and fungicides. Atrazine, bentazon, diuron, and 2,4-D were the most frequently detected herbicides and chlorpyrifos and azinphos-methyl were the most frequently detected insecticides. \r\n\r\nA statistical comparison of pesticide concentrations in surface-water samples collected in the mid-1990s at Crab Creek and Sand Hollow with those collected in this study showed a statistically significant increase in concentrations for diuron and a statistically significant decrease for ethoprophos and atrazine in Crab Creek. Statistically significant increases were in concentrations of bromacil, diuron, and pendimethalin at Sand Hollow and statistically significant decreases were in concentrations of 2,6-diethylanaline, alachlor, atrazine, DCPA, and EPTC. A seasonal Kendall trend test on data from Lind Coulee indicated no statistically significant trends for any pesticide for 1994 through 2004. \r\n\r\nA comparison of pesticide concentrations detected in this study with those detected in previous U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment studies of the Central Columbia Plateau, Yakima River basin, and national agricultural studies indicated that concentrations in this study generally were in the middle to lower end of the concentration spectrum for the most frequently detected herbicides and insecticides, but that the overall rate of detection was near the high end.\r\n\r\nThirty-one of the 42 herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides detected in surface-water samples were applied to the major agricultural crops in the drainage basins, and 11 of the detected pesticides are sold for residential application. Eight of the pesticides detected in surface-water samples were not reported as having any agricultural or residential use. The overall pattern of pesticide use depends on which crops are grown in each drainage basin. Drainage basins with predominantly more orchards have higher amounts of insecticides applied, whereas basins with larger percentages of field crops tend to have more herbicides applied. Pesticide usage was most similar in Crab Creek and Sand Hollow, where the largest total amounts applied were the insecticides azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, and chlorpyrifos and the herbicide EPTC. In Red Rock Coulee basin, DCPA was the most heavily applied herbicide, followed by the fungicide chlorothalonil, the herbicide EPTC, and the insecticides chlorpyrifos and azinphos-methyl. In Lind Coulee, which has a large percentage of dryland agricultural area, the herbicides 2,4-D and EPTC were applied in the largest amount, followed by the fungicide chlorothalonil. The","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065005","usgsCitation":"Wagner, R.J., Frans, L.M., and Huffman, R.L., 2006, Occurrence, distribution, and transport of pesticides in agricultural irrigation-return flow from four drainage basins in the Columbia Basin Project, Washington, 2002-04, and comparison with historical data: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5005, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065005.","productDescription":"64 p.","numberOfPages":"64","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7499,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5005/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c9dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Richard J. rjwagner@usgs.gov","contributorId":3122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Richard","email":"rjwagner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frans, Lonna M. 0000-0002-3217-1862 lmfrans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-1862","contributorId":1493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frans","given":"Lonna","email":"lmfrans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huffman, Raegan L. 0000-0001-8523-5439 rhuffman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8523-5439","contributorId":1638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"Raegan","email":"rhuffman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70201095,"text":"70201095 - 2006 - Overview of the Microscopic Imager Investigation during Spirit's first 450 sols in Gusev crater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-11T13:52:37","indexId":"70201095","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-01T11:18:23","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Overview of the Microscopic Imager Investigation during Spirit's first 450 sols in Gusev crater","docAbstract":"The Microscopic Imager (MI) on the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit has returned images of Mars with higher resolution than any previous camera system, allowing detailed petrographic and sedimentological studies of the rocks and soils at the Gusev landing site. Designed to simulate a geologist's hand lens, the MI is mounted on Spirit's instrument arm and can resolve objects 0.1 mm in size or larger. This paper provides an overview of MI operations, data calibration, processing, and analysis of MI data returned during the first 450 sols (Mars days) of the Spirit landed mission. The primary goal of this paper is to facilitate further analyses of MI data by summarizing the methods used to acquire and process the data, the radiometric and geometric accuracy of MI data products, and the availability of archival products. In addition, scientific results of the MI investigation are summarized. MI observations show that poorly sorted soils are common in Gusev crater, although aeolian bedforms have well‐sorted coarse sand grains on their surfaces. Abraded surfaces of plains rocks show igneous textures, light‐toned veins or fracture‐filling minerals, and discrete coatings. The rocks in the Columbia Hills have a wide variety of granular textures, consistent with volcaniclastic or impact origins. Case hardening and submillimeter veins observed in the rocks as well as soil crusts and cemented clods imply episodic subsurface aqueous fluid movement, which has altered multiple geologic units in the Columbia Hills. The MI also monitored Spirit's solar panels and the magnets on the rover's deck.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C. ","doi":"10.1029/2005JE002574","usgsCitation":"Herkenhoff, K.E., Squyres, S.W., Anderson, R., Archinal, B.A., Arvidson, R.E., Barrett, J.M., Becker, K.J., Bell, J., Budney, C., Cabrol, N.A., Chapman, M.G., Cook, D., Ehlmann, B.L., Farmer, J., Franklin, B., Gaddis, L.R., Galuszka, D.M., Garcia, P.A., Hare, T.M., Howington-Kraus, E., Johnson, J.R., Johnson, S., Kinch, K., Kirk, R.L., Lee, E., Leff, C., Lemmon, M.T., B., M.M., Maki, J.N., Mullins, K.F., Redding, B.L., Richter, L., Rosiek, M.R., Sims, M.H., Soderblom, L.A., Spanovich, N., Springer, R., Sucharski, R.M., Sucharski, T.L., Sullivan, R., Torson, J.M., and Yen, A.S., 2006, Overview of the Microscopic Imager Investigation during Spirit's first 450 sols in Gusev crater: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 111, no. E2, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JE002574.","productDescription":"30 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005je002574","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":359762,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gusev crater; Mars","volume":"111","issue":"E2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bffb75fe4b0815414ca8e53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Squyres, Steve W.","contributorId":90212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Robert","contributorId":72037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Archinal, Brent A. 0000-0002-6654-0742 barchinal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6654-0742","contributorId":2816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archinal","given":"Brent","email":"barchinal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science 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kbecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1971-5957","contributorId":2910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Kris","email":"kbecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bell, James F.","contributorId":174126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bell","given":"James F.","affiliations":[{"id":27362,"text":"ASU SESE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":752451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Budney, Charles","contributorId":210515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Budney","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18954,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":752452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cabrol, Nathalie A.","contributorId":51382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cabrol","given":"Nathalie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Chapman, Mary G.","contributorId":69055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Cook, Debbie 0000-0001-9973-9929","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9973-9929","contributorId":202343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Debbie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science 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bsucharski@usgs.gov","contributorId":5051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sucharski","given":"Robert","email":"bsucharski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":752481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":38},{"text":"Sucharski, Tracie L. tsucharski@usgs.gov","contributorId":4586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sucharski","given":"Tracie","email":"tsucharski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":752482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":39},{"text":"Sullivan, Robert","contributorId":70102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":40},{"text":"Torson, James 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0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-29T15:45:48.276539","indexId":"70209798","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-01T10:34:37","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"99205-070","title":"Geochemical and isotopic evaluation of groundwater movement in corrective action Unit 97: Yucca Flat/Climax Mine, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, rev. no.: 0","docAbstract":"This report describes the results of a comprehensive geochemical evaluation of the groundwater flow system in the Yucca Flat/Climax Mine Corrective Action Unit (CAU). The main objectives of this study are to identify probable pathways for groundwater flow within the study area and to develop constraints on groundwater transit times between selected data collection sites. This work provides an independent means of testing and verifying predictive flow models being developed for this CAU using finite element methods. The Yucca Flat/Climax Mine CAU constitutes the largest of six underground test areas on the Nevada Test Site (NTS) specified for remedial action in the ''Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order''. A total of 747 underground nuclear detonations were conducted in this CAU. Approximately 23 percent of these detonations were conducted below or near the water table, resulting in groundwater contamination in the vicinity and possibly downgradient of these underground test locations. Therefore, a rigorous evaluation of the groundwater flow system in this CAU is necessary to assess potential long-term risks to the public water supply at downgradient locations.
","language":"English","publisher":"USDOE","doi":"10.2172/877252","usgsCitation":"Farnham, I.M., Rose, T.P., Kwicklis, E., Hershey, R.L., Paces, J.B., and Fryer, W.M., 2006, Geochemical and isotopic evaluation of groundwater movement in corrective action Unit 97: Yucca Flat/Climax Mine, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, rev. no.: 0: Technical Report 99205-070, 283 p., https://doi.org/10.2172/877252.","productDescription":"283 p.","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/877252","text":"External Repository"},{"id":374353,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Flats/Climax Mine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.77642822265624,\n 36.58465761247169\n ],\n [\n -115.00762939453125,\n 36.58465761247169\n ],\n [\n -115.00762939453125,\n 37.655557695625056\n ],\n [\n -116.77642822265624,\n 37.655557695625056\n ],\n [\n -116.77642822265624,\n 36.58465761247169\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farnham, I. M.","contributorId":224126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farnham","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, T. P.","contributorId":58422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kwicklis, E. M.","contributorId":86377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwicklis","given":"E. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hershey, R. L.","contributorId":224392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hershey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fryer, W. M.","contributorId":224393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fryer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70179216,"text":"70179216 - 2006 - The changing shapes of active volcanoes: History, evolution, and future challenges for volcano geodesy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T08:41:43","indexId":"70179216","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The changing shapes of active volcanoes: History, evolution, and future challenges for volcano geodesy","docAbstract":"At the very heart of volcanology lies the search for the 'plumbing systems' that form the inner workings of Earth’s active volcanoes. By their very nature, however, the magmatic reservoirs and conduits that underlie these active volcanic systems are elusive; mostly they are observable only through circumstantial evidence, using indirect, and often ambiguous, surficial measurements. Of course, we can infer much about these systems from geologic investigation of materials brought to the surface by eruptions and of the exposed roots of ancient volcanoes. But how can we study the magmatic processes that are occurring beneath Earth’s active volcanoes? What are the geometry, scale, physical, and chemical characteristics of magma reservoirs? Can we infer the dynamics of magma transport? Can we use this information to better forecast the future behavior of volcanoes? These questions comprise some of the most fundamental, recurring themes of modern research in volcanology. The field of volcano geodesy is uniquely situated to provide critical observational constraints on these problems. For the past decade, armed with a new array of technological innovations, equipped with powerful computers, and prepared with new analytical tools, volcano geodesists have been poised to make significant advances in our fundamental understanding of the behavior of active volcanic systems.
The purpose of this volume is to highlight some of these recent advances, particularly in the collection and interpretation of geodetic data from actively deforming volcanoes. The 18 papers that follow report on new geodetic data that offer valuable insights into eruptive activity and magma transport; they present new models and modeling strategies that have the potential to greatly increase understanding of magmatic, hydrothermal, and volcano-tectonic processes; and they describe innovative techniques for collecting geodetic measurements from remote, poorly accessible, or hazardous volcanoes. To provide a proper context for these studies, we offer a short review of the evolution of volcano geodesy, as well as a case study that highlights recent advances in the field by comparing the geodetic response to recent eruptive episodes at Mount St. Helens. Finally, we point out a few areas that continue to challenge the volcano geodesy community, some of which are addressed by the papers that follow and which undoubtedly will be the focus of future research for years to come.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.11.005","usgsCitation":"Poland, M.P., Hamburger, M., and Newman, A.V., 2006, The changing shapes of active volcanoes: History, evolution, and future challenges for volcano geodesy: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 150, no. 1-3, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.11.005.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332450,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"150","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585ba2f7e4b01224f329b984","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":127857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":656420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamburger, Michael W.","contributorId":77012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamburger","given":"Michael W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newman, Andrew V.","contributorId":32664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70161647,"text":"70161647 - 2006 - Emergence of ratio-dependent and predator-dependent functional responses for pollination mutualism and seed parasitism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-05T13:23:28","indexId":"70161647","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emergence of ratio-dependent and predator-dependent functional responses for pollination mutualism and seed parasitism","docAbstract":"Prey (N) dependence [g(N)], predator (P) dependence [g(P) or g(N,P)], and ratio dependence [f(P/N)] are often seen as contrasting forms of the predator's functional response describing predator consumption rates on prey resources in predator–prey and parasitoid–host interactions. Analogously, prey-, predator-, and ratio-dependent functional responses are apparently alternative functional responses for other types of consumer–resource interactions. These include, for example, the fraction of flowers pollinated or seeds parasitized in pollination (pre-dispersal) seed-parasitism mutualisms, such as those between fig wasps and fig trees or yucca moths and yucca plants. Here we examine the appropriate functional responses for how the fraction of flowers pollinated and seeds parasitized vary with the density of pollinators (predator dependence) or the ratio of pollinator and flower densities (ratio dependence). We show that both types of functional responses can emerge from minor, but biologically important variations on a single model. An individual-based model was first used to describe plant–pollinator interactions. Conditional upon on whether the number of flowers visited by the pollinator was limited by factors other than search time (e.g., by the number of eggs it had to lay, if it was also a seed parasite), and on whether the pollinator could directly find flowers on a plant, or had to search, the simulation results lead to either a predator-dependent or a ratio-dependent functional response. An analytic model was then used to show mathematically how these two cases can arise.
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","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","usgsCitation":"2006, Special issue: The changing shapes of active volcanoes: Recent results and advances in volcano geodesy: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 150, no. 1-3, 328 p.","productDescription":"328 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332452,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332451,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03770273/150/1"}],"volume":"150","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585ba2f6e4b01224f329b982","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":127857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":656423,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newman, Andrew V.","contributorId":32664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656424,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70242729,"text":"70242729 - 2006 - Detrital zircon provenance of the Late Triassic Songpan-Ganzi complex: Sedimentary record of collision of the North and South China blocks: Comment and reply: Reply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-14T14:01:40.628766","indexId":"70242729","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-31T08:58:32","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detrital zircon provenance of the Late Triassic Songpan-Ganzi complex: Sedimentary record of collision of the North and South China blocks: Comment and reply: Reply","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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The extraction of ground water has led to two major problems that can directly affect the mission of EAFB: declining water levels (more than 120 ft since the 1920s) and land subsidence, a gradual downward movement of the land surface (more than 4 ft since the late 1920s). As water levels decline, this valuable resource becomes depleted, thus requiring mitigating measures. Land subsidence has caused cracked (fissured) runways and accelerated erosion on Rogers lakebed.\r\nIn 1988, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force, began investigations of the effects of declining water levels and land subsidence at EAFB and possible mitigation measures, such as the injection of imported surface water into the ground-water system. The cooperative investigations included data collection and analyses, numerical simulations of ground-water flow and land subsidence, and development of a preliminary simulation-optimization model. 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The primary objective of our study was to evaluate the potential for organic wastewater-related contaminants (OWCs), including pharmaceuticals, to survive a conventional drinking-water-treatment process and persist in potable-water supplies (Stackelberg et al., 2004). Our study was supported by two USGS laboratories: the National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL), which provided the HPLC/ESI-MS and CLLE GC/MS data and the Ocala Water Quality and Research Laboratory (OWQRL), which provided the LC/MS data (Stackelberg et al., 2004). Although discussed as distinct techniques by Dr. Till and indicated by differing acronyms to distinguish the laboratories producing the data, as described in our paper, the two LC/MS methods are very similar; they consist of a solid-phase extraction method with analysis of the extract produced using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer operated in the positive mode. The NWQL and OWQRL report ‘trace’ and ‘ultratrace’ determinations of analytes that provide significant benefit for describing the presence and fate of low-level contaminants. For mass spectral methods, an analyte is qualitatively identified by its retention time on the chromatographic column as well as the presence of two or more confirming ions with area ratios that match that of the reference standard compounds. Because of a recognized increased risk of false positives, these qualitative identification criteria are used in conjunction with abundant quality-control samples (detailed below) to confirm detection prior to making an estimate of the concentration. These qualitative identification criteria must be met before a compound is considered present (or detected) in a sample (Oblinger Childress et al., 1999). When a compound has been qualitatively identified in an environmental sample (whether above or below its reporting level [RL]), it is assessed in context with associated field and laboratory blanks, field and laboratory replicates, and other data, such as appropriate laboratory reagent spikes. An environmental concentration is calculated only after determining that field and laboratory procedures did not contaminate the samples. The concentrations are then calculated from 5- to 8-point calibration curves using internal standard quantitation. Our lowest calibration standard is intentionally much lower than the RL, typically 10 times lower. The most abundant molecular or fragment ion is used for quantitation, and, for the two LC/MS methods, at least one, and where possible two, qualifier ions are used for confirmation. For the GC/MS method, with its greater degree of fragmentation, one quantitation and two qualifier ions are used. When any of the abovementioned qualitative identification criteria are not met, the analyte is considered not present and is reported as “less than” the RL.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.04.012","usgsCitation":"Stackelberg, P.E., Furlong, E.T., Meyer, M.T., Zaugg, S.D., Henderson, A.K., and Reissman, D.B., 2006, Response to comment on “Persistence of pharmaceutical compounds and other organic wastewater contaminants in a conventional drinking-water-treatment plant”: Science of the Total Environment, v. 354, no. 1, p. 93-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.04.012.","productDescription":"5 p. 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Mature faults, such as plate boundaries that have experienced large cumulative slip, appear to have low strength and tend to yield earthquakes with low apparent stresses. immature faults, in contrast, are stronger and yield high apparent stresses because either they are the result of fresh-rock fracture or at least their cumulative fault slip is quite small. these results have implications of use to the seismic engineering community because ER and its magnitude counterpart Me are reliable indicators of the potential for damaging ground motion.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"2005 International workshop on the analysis of multi-temporal remote sensing images","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Workshop on the Analysis of Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images, 2005","conferenceDate":"May 16-18, 2005","conferenceLocation":"Biloxi, MS","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/AMTRSI.2005.1469873","usgsCitation":"Rangoonwala, A., Ramsey III, E., and Nelson, G., 2006, Remote sensing methods for mapping the onset and progression of spartina alterniflora marsh dieback in coastal Louisiana, in 2005 International workshop on the analysis of multi-temporal remote sensing images, Biloxi, MS, May 16-18, 2005, p. 205-207, https://doi.org/10.1109/AMTRSI.2005.1469873.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"207","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371812,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Coastal Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.23870849609375,\n 29.173747044774984\n ],\n [\n -90.01922607421875,\n 29.173747044774984\n ],\n [\n -90.01922607421875,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -91.23870849609375,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -91.23870849609375,\n 29.173747044774984\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rangoonwala, Amina 0000-0002-0556-0598","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0556-0598","contributorId":204795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rangoonwala","given":"Amina","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramsey III, Elijah 0000-0002-4518-5796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":212009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey III","given":"Elijah","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Gene","contributorId":221682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Gene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70242633,"text":"70242633 - 2006 - Hurricane-induced landslide activity on an alluvial fan along Meadow Run, Shenandoah Valley, Virginia (eastern USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T15:56:22.982583","indexId":"70242633","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-10T10:46:14","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2604,"text":"Landslides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hurricane-induced landslide activity on an alluvial fan along Meadow Run, Shenandoah Valley, Virginia (eastern USA)","docAbstract":"Although intense rainfall and localized flooding occurred as Hurricane Isabel tracked inland northwestardly across the Blue Ridge Mountains of central Virginia on September 18–19, 2003, few landslides occurred. However, the hurricane reactivated a dormant landslide along a bluff of an incised alluvial fan along Meadow Run on the western flanks of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Subsequent monitoring showed retrogressive movement involving several landslide blocks for the next several months. Using dendrochronology, aerial photography, and stream discharge records revealed periods of landslide activity. The annual variation of growth rings on trees within the landslide suggested previous slope instability in 1937, 1972, 1993, 1997, and 1999, which correlated with periods of local flood events. The avulsive and migrating nature of Meadow Run, combined with strong erosional force potential during flood stages, indicates that landslides are common along the bluff-channel bank interface, locally posing landslide hazards to relatively few structures within this farming region.
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