{"pageNumber":"2456","pageRowStart":"61375","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184635,"records":[{"id":70028304,"text":"70028304 - 2006 - A review of isotopic composition as an indicator of the natural and anthropogenic behavior of mercury","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028304","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of isotopic composition as an indicator of the natural and anthropogenic behavior of mercury","docAbstract":"There are seven stable isotopes of Hg that can be fractionated as a result of inorganic and organic interactions. Important inorganic reactions involve speciation changes resulting from variations in environmental redox conditions, and phase changes resulting from variations in temperature and/or atmospheric pressure. Important organic reactions include methylation and demethylation, reactions that are bacterially mediated, and complexing with organic anions in soils. The measurement of Hg isotopes by multi-collector-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) is now sufficiently precise and sensitive that it is potentially possible to develop the systematics of Hg isotopic fractionation. This provides an opportunity to evaluate the utility of Hg isotopes in identifying source processes, transport mechanisms, and sinks. New values are provided for, 201Hg/198Hg, 200Hg/198Hg, 199Hg/198Hg for three standard materials (IRMM-AE639, SRM 1641c, SRM 3133) that can be used to make inter-laboratory data comparisons, and these values are tabulated with published isotopic information. Overall, the isotopic data for these standards agree to approximately 0.2???. The paper reviews Hg isotope studies that deal with hydrothermal ore deposits, sediments, coal and organic complexing. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.08.006","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Ridley, W., and Stetson, S., 2006, A review of isotopic composition as an indicator of the natural and anthropogenic behavior of mercury: Applied Geochemistry, v. 21, no. 11, p. 1889-1899, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.08.006.","startPage":"1889","endPage":"1899","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210346,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.08.006"},{"id":237239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e551e4b0c8380cd46ca7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ridley, W.I.","contributorId":72122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stetson, S.J.","contributorId":6650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stetson","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028838,"text":"70028838 - 2006 - Cross-calibration of MODIS with ETM+ and ALI sensors for long-term monitoring of land surface processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-17T15:53:59.766539","indexId":"70028838","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Cross-calibration of MODIS with ETM+ and ALI sensors for long-term monitoring of land surface processes","docAbstract":"Increasingly, data from multiple sensors are used to gain a more complete understanding of land surface processes at a variety of scales. Although higher-level products (e.g., vegetation cover, albedo, surface temperature) derived from different sensors can be validated independently, the degree to which these sensors and their products can be compared to one another is vastly improved if their relative spectroradiometric responses are known. Most often, sensors are directly calibrated to diffuse solar irradiation or vicariously to ground targets. However, space-based targets are not traceable to metrological standards, and vicarious calibrations are expensive and provide a poor sampling of a sensor's full dynamic range. Crosscalibration of two sensors can augment these methods if certain conditions can be met: (1) the spectral responses are similar, (2) the observations are reasonably concurrent (similar atmospheric & solar illumination conditions), (3) errors due to misregistrations of inhomogeneous surfaces can be minimized (including scale differences), and (4) the viewing geometry is similar (or, some reasonable knowledge of surface bi-directional reflectance distribution functions is available). This study explores the impacts of cross-calibrating sensors when such conditions are met to some degree but not perfectly. In order to constrain the range of conditions at some level, the analysis is limited to sensors where cross-calibration studies have been conducted (Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) on Landsat-7 (L7), Advance Land Imager (ALI) and Hyperion on Earth Observer-1 (EO-1)) and including systems having somewhat dissimilar geometry, spatial resolution & spectral response characteristics but are still part of the so-called \"A.M. constellation\" (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) aboard the Terra platform). Measures for spectral response differences and methods for cross calibrating such sensors are provided in this study. These instruments are cross calibrated using the Railroad Valley playa in Nevada. Best fit linear coefficients (slope and offset) are provided for ALI-to-MODIS and ETM+-to-MODIS cross calibrations, and root-mean-squared errors (RMSEs) and correlation coefficients are provided to quantify the uncertainty in these relationships. In theory, the linear fits and uncertainties can be used to compare radiance and reflectance products derived from each instrument.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems XI","conferenceDate":"Aug 14-16, 2006","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.683567","usgsCitation":"Meyer, D., and Chander, G., 2006, Cross-calibration of MODIS with ETM+ and ALI sensors for long-term monitoring of land surface processes, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 6296, San Diego, CA, Aug 14-16, 2006, 62960H, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.683567.","productDescription":"62960H","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6296","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcc1e4b0c8380cd4e3fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, D.","contributorId":31131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028389,"text":"70028389 - 2006 - Leaf breakdown in streams differing in catchment land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028389","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Leaf breakdown in streams differing in catchment land use","docAbstract":"1. The impact of changes in land use on stream ecosystem function is poorly understood. We studied leaf breakdown, a fundamental process of stream ecosystems, in streams that represent a range of catchment land use in the Piedmont physiographic province of the south-eastern United States. 2. We placed bags of chalk maple (Acer barbatum) leaves in similar-sized streams in 12 catchments of differing dominant land use: four forested, three agricultural, two suburban and three urban catchments. We measured leaf mass, invertebrate abundance and fungal biomass in leaf bags over time. 3. Leaves decayed significantly faster in agricultural (0.0465 day-1) and urban (0.0474 day-1) streams than in suburban (0.0173 day-1) and forested (0.0100 day-1) streams. Additionally, breakdown rates in the agricultural and urban streams were among the fastest reported for deciduous leaves in any stream. Nutrient concentrations in agricultural streams were significantly higher than in any other land-use type. Fungal biomass associated with leaves was significantly lower in urban streams; while shredder abundance in leaf bags was significantly higher in forested and agricultural streams than in suburban and urban streams. Storm runoff was significantly higher in urban and suburban catchments that had higher impervious surface cover than forested or agricultural catchments. 4. We propose that processes accelerating leaf breakdown in agricultural and urban streams were not the same: faster breakdown in agricultural streams was due to increased biological activity as a result of nutrient enrichment, whereas faster breakdown in urban streams was a result of physical fragmentation resulting from higher storm runoff. ?? 2006 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01612.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Paul, M., Meyer, J., and Couch, C.A., 2006, Leaf breakdown in streams differing in catchment land use: Freshwater Biology, v. 51, no. 9, p. 1684-1695, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01612.x.","startPage":"1684","endPage":"1695","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210134,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01612.x"},{"id":236963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a45e9e4b0c8380cd6751b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paul, M.J.","contributorId":71300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, J.L.","contributorId":73316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Couch, C. A.","contributorId":36972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Couch","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028308,"text":"70028308 - 2006 - Developing a map of geologically defined site-condition categories for California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028308","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing a map of geologically defined site-condition categories for California","docAbstract":"Consideration of site conditions is a vital step in analyzing and predicting earthquake ground motion. The importance of amplification by soil conditions has long been recognized, but though many seismic-instrument sites have been characterized by their geologic conditions, there has been no consistent, simple classification applied to all sites. As classification of sites by shear-wave velocity has become more common, the need to go back and provide a simple uniform classification for all stations has become apparent. Within the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center's Next Generation Attenuation equation project, developers of attenuation equations recognized the need to consider site conditions and asked that the California Geological Survey provide site conditions information for all stations that have recorded earthquake ground motion in California. To provide these estimates, we sorted the available shear-wave velocity data by geologic unit, generalized the geologic units, and prepared a map so that we could use the extent of the map units to transfer the velocity characteristics from the sites where they were measured to sites on the same or similar materials. This new map is different from the California Geological Survey \"preliminary site-conditions map of California\" in that 19 geologically defined categories are used, rather than National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program categories. Although this map does not yet cover all of California, when completed it may provide a basis for more precise consideration of site conditions in ground-motion calculations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050179","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Wills, C., and Clahan, K., 2006, Developing a map of geologically defined site-condition categories for California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 4 A, p. 1483-1501, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050179.","startPage":"1483","endPage":"1501","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210403,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050179"},{"id":237308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"4 A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a000ae4b0c8380cd4f55d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wills, C.J.","contributorId":91275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wills","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clahan, K.B.","contributorId":24159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clahan","given":"K.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028310,"text":"70028310 - 2006 - Electrical resistance sensors record spring flow timing, Grand Canyon, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028310","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrical resistance sensors record spring flow timing, Grand Canyon, Arizona","docAbstract":"Springs along the south rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, are important ecological and cultural resources in Grand Canyon National Park and are discharge points for regional and local aquifers of the Coconino Plateau. This study evaluated the applicability of electrical resistance (ER) sensors for measuring diffuse, low-stage (<1.0 cm) intermittent and ephemeral flow in the steep, rocky spring-fed tributaries of the south rim. ER sensors were used to conduct a baseline survey of spring flow timing at eight sites in three spring-fed tributaries in Grand Canyon. Sensors were attached to a nearly vertical rock wall at a spring outlet and were installed in alluvial and bedrock channels. Spring flow timing data inferred by the ER sensors were consistent with observations during site visits, with flow events recorded with collocated streamflow gauging stations and with local precipitation gauges. ER sensors were able to distinguish the presence of flow along nearly vertical rock surfaces with flow depths between 0.3 and 1.0 cm. Laboratory experiments confirmed the ability of the sensors to monitor the timing of diffuse flow on impervious surfaces. A comparison of flow patterns along the stream reaches and at springs identified the timing and location of perennial and intermittent flow, and periods of increased evapotranspiration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00223.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Adams, E., Monroe, S.A., Springer, A.E., Blasch, K., and Bills, D.J., 2006, Electrical resistance sensors record spring flow timing, Grand Canyon, Arizona: Ground Water, v. 44, no. 5, p. 630-641, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00223.x.","startPage":"630","endPage":"641","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210429,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00223.x"},{"id":237342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0894e4b0c8380cd51b9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, E.A.","contributorId":42411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monroe, S. A.","contributorId":90346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monroe","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Springer, Abraham E.","contributorId":76278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Springer","given":"Abraham","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blasch, K.W.","contributorId":29877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blasch","given":"K.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bills, D. J.","contributorId":17610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70190526,"text":"70190526 - 2006 - The role of fire refugia in the distribution of Pinus sabiniana (Pinaceae) in the southern Sierra Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T13:41:24","indexId":"70190526","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2639,"text":"Madroño","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The role of fire refugia in the distribution of <i>Pinus sabiniana</i> (Pinaceae) in the southern Sierra Nevada","title":"The role of fire refugia in the distribution of Pinus sabiniana (Pinaceae) in the southern Sierra Nevada","docAbstract":"<p><span>Although widespread throughout the interior foothills of central and northern California,&nbsp;</span><i>Pinus sabiniana</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>Dougl. has a disjunct distribution in the southern Sierra Nevada, where it is abundant in the Kern River and Tule River watersheds, but is absent from the Kaweah River watershed between 36° and 37°N. This gap in the pine's distribution has long intrigued botanists and ecologists and has elicited a number of hypotheses for this anomalous biogeographical pattern. Here we propose a new hypothesis that couples unique features of the southern Sierra Nevada topography with unique features of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>P. sabiniana</i><span>'s response to fire. This low elevation pine is widely distributed in grassland and chaparral, and where it occurs with the latter vegetation, it is extremely vulnerable to high intensity wildfires. Under these conditions, meta-populations persist over time in refugia in riparian areas and during fire-free intervals expand outwards re-colonizing shrubland dominated slopes. The lack of such refugia in the very steep and narrow Kaweah drainage is hypothesized to explain the absence of this pine in that area. To test this hypothesis, we studied the age-structure of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>P. sabiniana</i><span>in the area of the 2002 McNally Fire in the Kern drainage to compare age distributions of trees and tree skeletons along a gradient up slope away from riparian zones. Maximum age declined significantly with distance from riparian areas, suggesting that past fires have eliminated<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>P. sabiniana</i><span>from the slopes and that the pines have re-colonized during fire-free intervals. The relationship was strongest when our data were restricted to areas that had a previously recorded fire. We also found that the riparian areas in the Kern drainage were significantly wider than those in Kaweah drainage, suggesting that fewer such fire refugia exist in the latter watershed, and providing an explanation for the lack of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>P. sabiniana</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>between 36° and 37°.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"California Botanical Society","doi":"10.3120/0024-9637(2006)53[364:TROFRI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Schwilk, D.W., and Keeley, J.E., 2006, The role of fire refugia in the distribution of Pinus sabiniana (Pinaceae) in the southern Sierra Nevada: Madroño, v. 53, no. 4, p. 364-372, https://doi.org/10.3120/0024-9637(2006)53[364:TROFRI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"364","endPage":"372","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/168982","text":"External Repository"},{"id":345495,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b10937e4b020cdf7d8da1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwilk, Dylan W.","contributorId":103883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwilk","given":"Dylan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028827,"text":"70028827 - 2006 - Reproductive condition and occurrence of intersex in bighead carp and silver carp in the Missouri River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-18T15:42:34","indexId":"70028827","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive condition and occurrence of intersex in bighead carp and silver carp in the Missouri River","docAbstract":"<p>Little is known about the reproductive biology of the exotic bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in the Missouri River. In order to fill this gap in understanding, herein is described the reproductive condition of these Asian carps. Evidence is presented which indicates that bighead and silver carp in the Missouri River have a protracted spawning period that extends from early spring through fall and some individual bighead and silver carp are spawning multiple times during a reproductive season. Although bighead and silver carps are successfully maturing and spawning in the Missouri River some reproductive abnormalities such as intersex, atresia, and sterility were observed. Knowledge of the reproductive activity of these invasive carps may be useful to resource managers tasked with their control. Furthermore, the reproductive abnormalities observed should be considered when evaluating the environmental condition of the Missouri River relative to supporting a healthy fish fauna. ?? Springer 2006.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-006-0260-7","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Papoulias, D., Chapman, D., and Tillitt, D.E., 2006, Reproductive condition and occurrence of intersex in bighead carp and silver carp in the Missouri River: Hydrobiologia, v. 571, no. 1, p. 355-360, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0260-7.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"360","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209874,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0260-7"}],"volume":"571","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa8c7e4b0c8380cd85a84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Papoulias, D. M. 0000-0002-5106-2469","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-2469","contributorId":58759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papoulias","given":"D. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapman, D.","contributorId":60006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028318,"text":"70028318 - 2006 - Nonlinear dynamics in manatee vocalizations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028318","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nonlinear dynamics in manatee vocalizations","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Mammal Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00036.x","issn":"08240469","usgsCitation":"Mann, D., O'Shea, T., and Nowacek, D., 2006, Nonlinear dynamics in manatee vocalizations: Marine Mammal Science, v. 22, no. 3, p. 548-555, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00036.x.","startPage":"548","endPage":"555","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210077,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00036.x"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6782e4b0c8380cd73379","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mann, D.A.","contributorId":10981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nowacek, D.P.","contributorId":102679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowacek","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028387,"text":"70028387 - 2006 - Naturally weathered feldspar surfaces in the Navajo Sandstone aquifer, Black Mesa, Arizona: Electron microscopic characterization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028387","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Naturally weathered feldspar surfaces in the Navajo Sandstone aquifer, Black Mesa, Arizona: Electron microscopic characterization","docAbstract":"Naturally weathered feldspar surfaces in the Jurassic Navajo Sandstone at Black Mesa, Arizona, was characterized with high-resolution transmission and analytical electron microscope (HRTEM-AEM) and field emission gun scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM). Here, we report the first HRTEM observation of a 10-nm thick amorphous layer on naturally weathered K-feldspar in currently slightly alkaline groundwater. The amorphous layer is probably deficient in K and enriched in Si. In addition to the amorphous layer, the feldspar surfaces are also partially coated with tightly adhered kaolin platelets. Outside of the kaolin coatings, feldspar grains are covered with a continuous 3-5 ??m thick layer of authigenic smectite, which also coats quartz and other sediment grains. Authigenic K-feldspar overgrowth and etch pits were also found on feldspar grains. These characteristics of the aged feldspar surfaces accentuate the differences in reactivity between the freshly ground feldspar powders used in laboratory experiments and feldspar grains in natural systems, and may partially contribute to the commonly observed apparent laboratory-field dissolution rate discrepancy. At Black Mesa, feldspars in the Navajo Sandstone are dissolving at ???105 times slower than laboratory rate at comparable temperature and pH under far from equilibrium condition. The tightly adhered kaolin platelets reduce the feldspar reactive surface area, and the authigenic K-feldspar overgrowth reduces the feldspar reactivity. However, the continuous smectite coating layer does not appear to constitute a diffusion barrier. The exact role of the amorphous layer on feldspar dissolution kinetics depends on the origin of the layer (leached layer versus re-precipitated silica), which is uncertain at present. However, the nanometer thin layer can be detected only with HRTEM, and thus our study raises the possibility of its wide occurrence in geological systems. Rate laws and proposed mechanisms should consider the possibility of this amorphous layer on feldspar surface. ?? 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2006.07.013","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Zhu, C., Veblen, D., Blum, A., and Chipera, S., 2006, Naturally weathered feldspar surfaces in the Navajo Sandstone aquifer, Black Mesa, Arizona: Electron microscopic characterization: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 70, no. 18, p. 4600-4616, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.07.013.","startPage":"4600","endPage":"4616","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210108,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.07.013"}],"volume":"70","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a638de4b0c8380cd72562","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhu, Chen","contributorId":6244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Chen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Veblen, D.R.","contributorId":25300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veblen","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blum, A.E.","contributorId":100514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chipera, S.J.","contributorId":14578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipera","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70190534,"text":"70190534 - 2006 - Is a healthy ecosystem one that is rich in parasites?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T14:12:20","indexId":"70190534","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3653,"text":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is a healthy ecosystem one that is rich in parasites?","docAbstract":"<p><span>Historically, the role of parasites in ecosystem functioning has been considered trivial because a cursory examination reveals that their relative biomass is low compared with that of other trophic groups. However there is increasing evidence that parasite-mediated effects could be significant: they shape host population dynamics, alter interspecific competition, influence energy flow and appear to be important drivers of biodiversity. Indeed they influence a range of ecosystem functions and have a major effect on the structure of some food webs. Here, we consider the bottom-up and top-down processes of how parasitism influences ecosystem functioning and show that there is evidence that parasites are important for biodiversity and production; thus, we consider a healthy system to be one that is rich in parasite species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cell Press","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2006.04.007","usgsCitation":"Hudson, P., Dobson, A.P., and Lafferty, K.D., 2006, Is a healthy ecosystem one that is rich in parasites?: Trends in Ecology and Evolution, v. 21, no. 7, p. 381-385, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2006.04.007.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"385","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b10936e4b020cdf7d8da00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, Peter J.","contributorId":85056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dobson, Andrew P.","contributorId":63693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobson","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028320,"text":"70028320 - 2006 - Flow-specific trends in river-water quality resulting from the effects of the clean air act in three mesoscale, forested river basins in the northeastern United States through 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028320","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow-specific trends in river-water quality resulting from the effects of the clean air act in three mesoscale, forested river basins in the northeastern United States through 2002","docAbstract":"Two new methods for assessing temporal trends in stream-solute concentrations at specific streamflow ranges were applied to long (40 to 50-year) but sparse (bi-weekly to quarterly sampling) stream-water quality data collected at three forested mesoscale basins along an atmospheric deposition gradient in the northeastern United States (one in north-central Pennsylvania, one in southeastern New York, and one in eastern Maine). The three data sets span the period since the implementation of the Clean Air Act in 1970 and its subsequent amendments. Declining sulfate (SO2-4) trends since the mid 1960s were identified for all 3 rivers by one or more of the 4 methods of trend detection used. Flow-specific trends were assessed by segmenting the data sets into 3-year and 6-year blocks, then determining concentration-discharge relationships for each block. Declining sulfate (SO2-4) trends at median flow were similar to trends determined using a Seasonal Kendall Tau test and Sen slope estimator. The trend of declining SO2-4 concentrations differed at high, median and low flow since the mid 1980s at YWC and NR, and at high and low flow at WR, but the trends leveled or reversed at high flow from 1999 through 2002. Trends for the period of record at high flows were similar to medium- and low-flow trends for Ca2+ + Mg2+ concentrations at WR, non-significant at YWC, and were more negative at low flow than at high flow at NR; trends in nitrate (NO-3), and alkalinity (ALK) concentrations were different at different flow conditions, and in ways that are consistent with the hydrology and deposition history at each watershed. Quarterly sampling is adequate for assessing average-flow trends in the chemical parameters assessed over long time periods (???decades). However, with even a modest effort at sampling a range of flow conditions within each year, trends at specified flows for constituents with strong concentration-discharge relationships can be evaluated and may allow early detection of ecosystem response to climate change and pollution management strategies. ?? Springer Science+Business Media, B.V. 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-005-9028-1","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Murdoch, P., and Shanley, J.B., 2006, Flow-specific trends in river-water quality resulting from the effects of the clean air act in three mesoscale, forested river basins in the northeastern United States through 2002: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 120, no. 1-3, p. 1-25, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-9028-1.","startPage":"1","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210103,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-9028-1"}],"volume":"120","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a125de4b0c8380cd5429a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S.","contributorId":73547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanley, J. B.","contributorId":52226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028322,"text":"70028322 - 2006 - Productivity of Black Oystercatchers: Effects of recreational disturbance in a National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028322","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Productivity of Black Oystercatchers: Effects of recreational disturbance in a National Park","docAbstract":"National parks in Alaska are generally assumed to be high-quality, undisturbed wildlife habitats. However, these parks attract recreational users, whose presence may reduce the suitability of key habitats for nesting shorebirds. In Kenai Fjords National Park, Black Oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani) often breed on gravel beaches that are also popular campsites. In this study, we examined the effects of recreational activities in coastal Alaska on reproductive performance of Black Oystercatchers. We monitored survival of nests and chicks on 35 to 39 breeding territories annually during four breeding seasons (2001-2004). Most recreational disturbance on these territories occurred after the peak hatching date of first clutches. Annual productivity was low (average of 0.35 chicks per pair), but was not strongly affected by recreational disturbance. Daily survival of nests varied annually and declined over the season. Our results suggest that nest survival was lower during periods of extreme high tides. Daily survival rate of broods increased over the season and was higher on island than mainland territories, likely due to differences in predator communities. Territory occupancy rate and site fidelity were high; 95% of color-banded oystercatchers returned to the same breeding territory in the subsequent year. We conclude that Black Oystercatchers are resilient to low levels of recreational disturbance. However, in light of projected increases in recreation, we suggest managers move campsites away from the traditional nest sites identified in this study to minimize future disturbances. ?? The Cooper Ornithological Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Morse, J., Powell, A., and Tetreau, M., 2006, Productivity of Black Oystercatchers: Effects of recreational disturbance in a National Park: Condor, v. 108, no. 3, p. 623-633.","startPage":"623","endPage":"633","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8defe4b0c8380cd7ef0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morse, J.A.","contributorId":73771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morse","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, A.N.","contributorId":66194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tetreau, M.D.","contributorId":58076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tetreau","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028733,"text":"70028733 - 2006 - A portable non-invasive trapping array for sampling amphibians and reptiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028733","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A portable non-invasive trapping array for sampling amphibians and reptiles","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0018084X","usgsCitation":"Rice, A., Rice, K., Waddle, J., and Mazzotti, F., 2006, A portable non-invasive trapping array for sampling amphibians and reptiles: Herpetological Review, v. 37, no. 4, p. 429-430.","startPage":"429","endPage":"430","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4e2e4b0c8380cd469c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, A.N.","contributorId":41638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, K.G. 0000-0001-8282-1088","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8282-1088","contributorId":41949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"K.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waddle, J.H. 0000-0003-1940-2133","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-2133","contributorId":32654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mazzotti, F.J.","contributorId":10136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028734,"text":"70028734 - 2006 - Genetic effects of ELISA-based segregation for control of bacterial kidney disease in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T16:43:43","indexId":"70028734","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic effects of ELISA-based segregation for control of bacterial kidney disease in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)","docAbstract":"<p>We evaluated genetic variation in ability of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to resist two bacterial pathogens: Renibacterium salmoninarum, the agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD), and Listonella anguillarum, an agent of vibriosis. After measuring R. salmoninarum antigen in 499 adults by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we mated each of 12 males with high or low antigen levels to two females with low to moderate levels and exposed subsets of their progeny to each pathogen separately. We found no correlation between R. salmoninarum antigen level in parents and survival of their progeny following pathogen exposure. We estimated high heritability for resistance to R. salmoninarum (survival h2 = 0.890 ?? 0.256 (mean ?? standard error)) independent of parental antigen level, but low heritability for resistance to L. anguillarum (h2 = 0.128 ?? 0.078). The genetic correlation between these survivals (rA = -0.204 ?? 0.309) was near zero. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between survival and antigen levels among surviving progeny exposed to R. salmoninarum were both negative (rA = -0.716 ?? 0.140; rP = -0.378 ?? 0.041), indicating that variation in antigen level is linked to survival. These results suggest that selective culling of female broodstock with high antigen titers, which is effective in controlling BKD in salmon hatcheries, will not affect resistance of their progeny. ?? 2006 NRC.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/F06-163","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Hard, J., Elliott, D., Pascho, R., Chase, D., Park, L., Winton, J., and Campton, D., 2006, Genetic effects of ELISA-based segregation for control of bacterial kidney disease in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 63, no. 12, p. 2793-2808, https://doi.org/10.1139/F06-163.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2793","endPage":"2808","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209666,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F06-163"}],"volume":"63","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1576e4b0c8380cd54e14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hard, J.J.","contributorId":58449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hard","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, D.G.","contributorId":58226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pascho, R.J.","contributorId":65796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pascho","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chase, D.M.","contributorId":50317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Park, L.K.","contributorId":25739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Campton, D.E.","contributorId":104860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campton","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70190529,"text":"70190529 - 2006 - Fire severity and plant age in postfire resprouting of woody plants in sage scrub and chaparral","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T13:49:35","indexId":"70190529","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2639,"text":"Madroño","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire severity and plant age in postfire resprouting of woody plants in sage scrub and chaparral","docAbstract":"<p><span>Postfire resprouting by woody plants confers a marked advantage in rate of recovery over species that regenerate entirely from seed. However, the predictability of this advantage varies markedly between species, with some showing nearly 100% rootcrown survival and others often much lower. This study examined patterns of fire-caused mortality and tested the relative importance of fire severity and plant age between various shrubs and subshrubs characteristic of chaparral and sage scrub associations. Resprouting success varied from about 10% for&nbsp;</span><i>Eriogonum fasciculatum</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>to a high of 98% for<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Quercus berberidifolia</i><span>. For most of the shrub species, skeletons of resprouting plants were significantly taller than those of dead individuals of the same species, indicating less biomass consumption, and thus lower severity fires were associated with higher resprouting success. This pattern was less strongly the case with sage scrub species. Shrubs and subshrubs, however, differed in the effect of aboveground plant age (as estimated by basal diameter) on resprouting success. For most chaparral shrubs, age was not related to resprouting success, whereas in four out of five subshrub species, including<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Artemisia californica</i><span>,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Eriogonum fasciculatum</i><span>,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Salvia leucophylla</i><span>, and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>S. mellifera</i><span>, the youngest plants exhibited the highest resprouting success. I hypothesize that the reason for this inverse relationship between age and resprouting in certain sage scrub species is that, as these subshrubs age, there is a tendency to loose the resprouting ability and the mechanism is quite possibly because adventitious buds responsible for sprouting become buried by woody tissues. Patterns of character evolution in these sage scrub lineages support the hypothesis that the herbaceous perennial mode of seasonal aestivation evolved early and lignification is a more recently derived trait and this may have negative effects on resprouting as the plant ages.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"California Botanical Society","doi":"10.3120/0024-9637(2006)53[373:FSAPAI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., 2006, Fire severity and plant age in postfire resprouting of woody plants in sage scrub and chaparral: Madroño, v. 53, no. 4, p. 373-379, https://doi.org/10.3120/0024-9637(2006)53[373:FSAPAI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"379","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/168983","text":"External Repository"},{"id":345498,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b10937e4b020cdf7d8da0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70190530,"text":"70190530 - 2006 - A mid-holocene fauna from Bear Den Cave, Sequoia National Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T14:02:26","indexId":"70190530","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1092,"text":"Bulletin, Southern California Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A mid-holocene fauna from Bear Den Cave, Sequoia National Park, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Test excavation of floor fill deposits in the first room in Bear Den Cave, Sequoia National Park, produced fossiliferous sediments down to at least 40 cm depth. Radiocarbon analysis of charcoal from this layer indicates an early-middle Holocene age of 7220 CAL BP. The fossil accumulation represents prey recovered from generations of ringtail (</span><i>Bassariscus astutus</i><span>) dung. Microvertebrate remains include salamanders, lizards, snakes, and mammals. The recovery of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Aneides ferreus</i><span>/</span><i>vagrans</i><span>from early-middle Holocene deposits in Bear Den Cave is a first for this species group. Equally interesting is the recovery of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Plethodon</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>sp. Neither taxa live in the Sierra Nevada today. The fossil-rich deposits of Bear Den Cave indicate that future paleoecological studies will be productive in Sequoia National Park.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Southern California Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872(2006)105[43:AMFFBD]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Mead, J.I., McGinnis, T.W., and Keeley, J.E., 2006, A mid-holocene fauna from Bear Den Cave, Sequoia National Park, California: Bulletin, Southern California Academy of Sciences, v. 105, no. 2, p. 43-58, https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872(2006)105[43:AMFFBD]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"58","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872(2006)105[43:amffbd]2.0.co;2","text":"External Repository"},{"id":345502,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Bear Den Cave, Sequoia National Park","volume":"105","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b10936e4b020cdf7d8da0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mead, Jim I.","contributorId":87067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mead","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGinnis, Thomas W.","contributorId":87272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGinnis","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028754,"text":"70028754 - 2006 - Extreme U-Th disequilibrium in rift-related basalts, rhyolites and granophyric granite and the timescale of rhyolite generation, intrusion and crystallization at Alid volcanic center, Eritrea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-08T10:59:36","indexId":"70028754","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extreme U-Th disequilibrium in rift-related basalts, rhyolites and granophyric granite and the timescale of rhyolite generation, intrusion and crystallization at Alid volcanic center, Eritrea","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstract-1\" class=\"section abstract\"><p id=\"p-1\">Rhyolite pumices and co-erupted granophyric (granite) xenoliths yield evidence for rapid magma generation and crystallization prior to their eruption at 15·2 ± 2·9 ka at the Alid volcanic center in the Danikil Depression, Eritrea. Whole-rock U and Th isotopic analyses show <sup>230</sup>Th excesses up to 50% in basalts &lt;10 000 years old from the surrounding Oss lava fields. The 15 ka rhyolites also have 30–40% <sup>230</sup>Th excesses. Similarity in U–Th disequilibrium, and in Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic values, implies that the rhyolites are mostly differentiated from the local basaltic magma. Given the (<sup>230</sup>Th/<sup>232</sup>Th) ratio of the young basalts, and presumably the underlying mantle, the (<sup>230</sup>Th/<sup>232</sup>Th) ratio of the rhyolites upon eruption could be generated by in situ decay in about 50 000 years. Limited (∼5%) assimilation of old crust would hasten the lowering of (<sup>230</sup>Th/<sup>232</sup>Th) and allow the process to take place in as little as 30 000 years. Final crystallization of the Alid granophyre occurred rapidly and at shallow depths at ∼20–25 ka, as confirmed by analyses of mineral separates and ion microprobe data on individual zircons. Evidently, 30 000–50 000 years were required for extraction of basalt from its mantle source region, subsequent crystallization and melt extraction to form silicic magmas, and final crystallization of the shallow intrusion. The granophyre was then ejected during eruption of the comagmatic rhyolites.</p></div>","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Petrology","language":"English","publisher":"University Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egl038","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Lowenstern, J.B., Charlier, B.L., Clynne, M., and Wooden, J.L., 2006, Extreme U-Th disequilibrium in rift-related basalts, rhyolites and granophyric granite and the timescale of rhyolite generation, intrusion and crystallization at Alid volcanic center, Eritrea: Journal of Petrology, v. 47, no. 11, p. 2105-2122, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egl038.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2105","endPage":"2122","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477482,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egl038","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e66e4b0c8380cd5342e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowenstern, J. B.","contributorId":7737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charlier, B. L. A.","contributorId":45090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Charlier","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028369,"text":"70028369 - 2006 - Dietary exposure of mink (<i>Mustela vison</i>) to fish from the Housatonic River, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, USA: Effects on reproduction, kit growth, and survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-14T14:16:27","indexId":"70028369","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dietary exposure of mink (<i>Mustela vison</i>) to fish from the Housatonic River, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, USA: Effects on reproduction, kit growth, and survival","docAbstract":"We evaluated the effects of feeding farm-raised mink (Mustela vison) diets containing polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated fish from the Housatonic River (HR; Berkshire County, MA, USA) on adult reproductive performance and kit growth and survival. Diets contained 0.22-3.54% HR fish, providing 0.34-3.7 ??g total PCBs (TPCB)/g feed wet wt (3.5-68.5 pg toxic equivalence [TEQ]/g). Female mink were fed diets before breeding through weaning of kits. Twelve kits from each treatment were maintained on their respective diets for an additional 180 d. Dietary PCBs had no effect on the number of offspring produced, gestation period, or other measures of adult reproductive performance. Mink kits exposed to 3.7 ??g TPCB/g feed (68.5 pg TEQ/g) in utero and during lactation had reduced survivability between three and six weeks of age. The lethal concentrations to 10 and 20% of the population (LC10 and LC20, respectively) were estimated to be 0.231 and 0.984 ??g TPCB/g feed, respectively. Because inclusion of PCB-contaminated fish that composed approximately 1% of the diet would reduce mink kit survival by 20% or more, it is likely that consumption of up to 30-fold that quantity of HR fish, as could be expected for wild mink, would have an adverse effect on wild mink populations. ?? 2006 SETAC.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/05-406R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Bursian, S., Sharma, C., Aulerich, R., Yamini, B., Mitchell, R., Orazio, C., Moore, D., Svirsky, S., and Tillitt, D.E., 2006, Dietary exposure of mink (<i>Mustela vison</i>) to fish from the Housatonic River, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, USA: Effects on reproduction, kit growth, and survival: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 25, no. 6, p. 1533-1540, https://doi.org/10.1897/05-406R.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1533","endPage":"1540","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210295,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/05-406R.1"}],"volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00dfe4b0c8380cd4f97b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bursian, S.J.","contributorId":16127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bursian","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharma, C.","contributorId":22134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharma","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aulerich, R.J.","contributorId":39904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulerich","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yamini, B.","contributorId":59612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamini","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mitchell, R.R.","contributorId":8665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Orazio, C.E.","contributorId":68440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orazio","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moore, D.R.J.","contributorId":74188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"D.R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Svirsky, S.","contributorId":11821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svirsky","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70028752,"text":"70028752 - 2006 - Community maturity, species saturation and the variant diversity- productivity relationships in grasslands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-07T12:25:14","indexId":"70028752","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Community maturity, species saturation and the variant diversity- productivity relationships in grasslands","docAbstract":"Detailed knowledge of the relationship between plant diversity and productivity is critical for advancing our understanding of ecosystem functioning and for achieving success in habitat restoration efforts. However, effects and interactions of diversity, succession and biotic invasions on productivity remain elusive. We studied newly established communities in relation to preexisting homogeneous vegetation invaded by exotic plants in the northern Great Plains, USA, at four study sites for 3 years. We observed variant diversity-productivity relationships for the seeded communities (generally positive monotonic at three sites and non-monotonic at the other site) but no relationships for the resident community or the seeded and resident communities combined at all sites and all years. Community richness was enhanced by seeding additional species but productivity was not. The optimal diversity (as indicated by maximum productivity) changed among sites and as the community developed. The findings shed new light on ecosystem functioning of biodiversity under different conditions and have important implications for restoration. ?? 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00980.x","issn":"1461023X","usgsCitation":"Guo, Q., Shaffer, T., and Buhl, T., 2006, Community maturity, species saturation and the variant diversity- productivity relationships in grasslands: Ecology Letters, v. 9, no. 12, p. 1284-1292, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00980.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1284","endPage":"1292","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209870,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00980.x"}],"volume":"9","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f808e4b0c8380cd4ce36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guo, Q.","contributorId":67039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaffer, T.","contributorId":71749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buhl, T. 0000-0001-9909-3419","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9909-3419","contributorId":44342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028749,"text":"70028749 - 2006 - Damped regional-scale stress inversions: Methodology and examples for southern California and the Coalinga aftershock sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70028749","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Damped regional-scale stress inversions: Methodology and examples for southern California and the Coalinga aftershock sequence","docAbstract":"We present a new focal mechanism stress inversion technique to produce regional-scale models of stress orientation containing the minimum complexity necessary to fit the data. Current practice is to divide a region into small subareas and to independently fit a stress tensor to the focal mechanisms of each subarea. This procedure may lead to apparent spatial variability that is actually an artifact of overfitting noisy data or nonuniquely fitting data that does not completely constrain the stress tensor. To remove these artifacts while retaining any stress variations that are strongly required by the data, we devise a damped inversion method to simultaneously invert for stress in all subareas while minimizing the difference in stress between adjacent subareas. This method is conceptually similar to other geophysical inverse techniques that incorporate damping, such as seismic tomography. In checkerboard tests, the damped inversion removes the stress rotation artifacts exhibited by an undamped inversion, while resolving sharper true stress rotations than a simple smoothed model or a moving-window inversion. We show an example of a spatially damped stress field for southern California. The methodology can also be used to study temporal stress changes, and an example for the Coalinga, California, aftershock sequence is shown. We recommend use of the damped inversion technique for any study examining spatial or temporal variations in the stress field.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JB004144","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hardebeck, J., and Michael, A., 2006, Damped regional-scale stress inversions: Methodology and examples for southern California and the Coalinga aftershock sequence: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 111, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB004144.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209819,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JB004144"}],"volume":"111","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd60e4b0c8380cd4e7e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardebeck, J.L.","contributorId":98862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michael, A.J. 0000-0002-2403-5019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":52192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028374,"text":"70028374 - 2006 - Incised valley fill interpretation for Mississippian Black Hand Sandstone, Appalachian Basin, USA: Implications for glacial eustasy at Kinderhookian-Osagean (Tn2-Tn3) boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028374","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incised valley fill interpretation for Mississippian Black Hand Sandstone, Appalachian Basin, USA: Implications for glacial eustasy at Kinderhookian-Osagean (Tn2-Tn3) boundary","docAbstract":"Lower Mississippian strata of east-central Ohio are predominantly fine-grained marine deposits of the Cuyahoga and Logan formations. Within these sediments is the Black Hand Sandstone of the Cuyahoga Formation. The Black Hand Sandstone is a multistory, crossbedded, coarse-grained conglomeratic sandstone. The contact between the Black Hand Sandstone and the subjacent Cuyahoga Formation is sharp and scoured, with intraclasts of the Cuyahoga Formation incorporated into the basal Black Hand Sandstone. The Black Hand Sandstone was previously thought to represent a distributary channel deposit; however, the combination of lithofacies and architectural elements indicates deposition in a braided stream setting. The Cuyahoga Formation was deposited in a shallow marine setting. The erosional basal contact of the Black Hand Sandstone and the juxtaposition of fluvial and marine sediments suggests a sequence boundary. The geographic distribution of the Black Hand Sandstone combined with the evidence for a sequence boundary suggests deposition in an incised valley. The age of the Black Hand Sandstone is key to inferring the causes of valley incision. The Black Hand Sandstone is nearly devoid of body fossils, necessitating a biostratigraphic analysis of the surrounding Cuyahoga and Logan formations. Analysis indicates the Logan Formation is early Osagean age. Data from the Cuyahoga Formation suggest a Kinderhookian age with a possible transition to the Osagean in the uppermost Cuyahoga Formation. This constrains the age of the Black Hand Sandstone to the transition at the Kinderhookian-Osagean boundary. Recent reports indicate late Kinderhookian (Tournaisian, Tn2) Gondwanan glaciation based upon tillites and sharp excursions in stable-isotope curves. A glacio-eustatic fall in sea level is inferred to have caused incision of the Cuyahoga Formation, followed by deposition of the Black Hand Sandstone and Logan Formation during the subsequent sea level rise. The associated unconformity correlates to the sequence boundary at the Kinderhookian-Osagean boundary in the stratotype area of North America, and the correlative Tn2-Tn3 boundary worldwide, supporting the hypothesis of a global eustatic event at this time. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.02.002","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Matchen, D., and Kammer, T.W., 2006, Incised valley fill interpretation for Mississippian Black Hand Sandstone, Appalachian Basin, USA: Implications for glacial eustasy at Kinderhookian-Osagean (Tn2-Tn3) boundary: Sedimentary Geology, v. 191, no. 1-2, p. 89-113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.02.002.","startPage":"89","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210379,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.02.002"},{"id":237277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"191","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39dfe4b0c8380cd61a7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matchen, D.L.","contributorId":44733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matchen","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kammer, T. W.","contributorId":9208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kammer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028377,"text":"70028377 - 2006 - Mechanical deformation model of the western United States instantaneous strain-rate field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028377","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanical deformation model of the western United States instantaneous strain-rate field","docAbstract":"We present a relationship between the long-term fault slip rates and instantaneous velocities as measured by Global Positioning System (GPS) or other geodetic measurements over a short time span. The main elements are the secularly increasing forces imposed by the bounding Pacific and Juan de Fuca (JdF) plates on the North American plate, viscoelastic relaxation following selected large earthquakes occurring on faults that are locked during their respective interseismic periods, and steady slip along creeping portions of faults in the context of a thin-plate system. In detail, the physical model allows separate treatments of faults with known geometry and slip history, faults with incomplete characterization (i.e. fault geometry but not necessarily slip history is available), creeping faults, and dislocation sources distributed between the faults. We model the western United States strain-rate field, derived from 746 GPS velocity vectors, in order to test the importance of the relaxation from historic events and characterize the tectonic forces imposed by the bounding Pacific and JdF plates. Relaxation following major earthquakes (M ??? 8.0) strongly shapes the present strain-rate field over most of the plate boundary zone. Equally important are lateral shear transmitted across the Pacific-North America plate boundary along ???1000 km of the continental shelf, downdip forces distributed along the Cascadia subduction interface, and distributed slip in the lower lithosphere. Post-earthquake relaxation and tectonic forcing, combined with distributed deep slip, constructively interfere near the western margin of the plate boundary zone, producing locally large strain accumulation along the San Andreas fault (SAF) system. However, they destructively interfere further into the plate interior, resulting in smaller and more variable strain accumulation patterns in the eastern part of the plate boundary zone. Much of the right-lateral strain accumulation along the SAF system is systematically underpredicted by models which account only for relaxation from known large earthquakes. This strongly suggests that in addition to viscoelastic-cycle effects, steady deep slip in the lower lithosphere is needed to explain the observed strain-rate field. ?? 2006 The Authors Journal compilation ?? 2006 RAS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03019.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., and Vergnolle, M., 2006, Mechanical deformation model of the western United States instantaneous strain-rate field: Geophysical Journal International, v. 167, no. 1, p. 421-444, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03019.x.","startPage":"421","endPage":"444","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477511,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2006.03019.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210407,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03019.x"},{"id":237313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"167","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5359e4b0c8380cd6ca09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, F. F.","contributorId":108280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vergnolle, M.","contributorId":18158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vergnolle","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028379,"text":"70028379 - 2006 - Seeing the elephant: Importance of spatial and temporal coverage in a large-scale volunteer-based program to monitor horseshoe crabs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028379","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seeing the elephant: Importance of spatial and temporal coverage in a large-scale volunteer-based program to monitor horseshoe crabs","docAbstract":"As in John Godfrey Saxe's poem about six blind men and an elephant, conclusions drawn from a monitoring program depend critically on where and when observations are made. We examined results from the Delaware Bay horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) spawning survey to evaluate the effect of spatial and temporal coverage on conclusions about spawning activity. Declines due to previously unregulated harvest triggered an increase in monitoring. Although we detected no apparent trend in bay-wide spawning activity for 1999-2005, conclusions would have differed depending on where and when observations were made. For example, spawning activity in May during the shorebird stopover was a poor predictor of spawning activity over the whole season. Observations made only during peak spawning incorrectly suggested that spawning activity increased during 2001-2005. Trends at one place in the bay were not indicative of trends for the whole bay. Many natural resource issues begin like the blind men and the elephant with dispute partially caused by an incomplete picture of the resource. As sufficient time and funds are directed to gathering necessary data using effective sampling designs, a more complete picture can emerge.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446(2006)31[485:STE]2.0.CO;2","issn":"03632415","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., and Michels, S., 2006, Seeing the elephant: Importance of spatial and temporal coverage in a large-scale volunteer-based program to monitor horseshoe crabs: Fisheries, v. 31, no. 10, p. 485-491, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(2006)31[485:STE]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"485","endPage":"491","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210434,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(2006)31[485:STE]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":237347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8acce4b08c986b3173b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":417799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michels, S.F.","contributorId":34867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michels","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028380,"text":"70028380 - 2006 - Spatial patterns of fish communities along two estuarine gradients in southern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T15:31:43","indexId":"70028380","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial patterns of fish communities along two estuarine gradients in southern Florida","docAbstract":"In tropical and subtropical estuaries, gradients of primary productivity and salinity are generally invoked to explain patterns in community structure and standing crops of fishes. We documented spatial and temporal patterns in fish community structure and standing crops along salinity and nutrient gradients in two subtropical drainages of Everglades National Park, USA. The Shark River drains into the Gulf of Mexico and experiences diurnal tides carrying relatively nutrient enriched waters, while Taylor River is more hydrologically isolated by the oligohaline Florida Bay and experiences no discernable lunar tides. We hypothesized that the more nutrient enriched system would support higher standing crops of fishes in its mangrove zone. We collected 50 species of fish from January 2000 to April 2004 at six sampling sites spanning fresh to brackish salinities in both the Shark and Taylor River drainages. Contrary to expectations, we observed lower standing crops and density of fishes in the more nutrient rich tidal mangrove forest of the Shark River than in the less nutrient rich mangrove habitats bordering the Taylor River. Tidal mangrove habitats in the Shark River were dominated by salt-tolerant fish and displayed lower species richness than mangrove communities in the Taylor River, which included more freshwater taxa and yielded relatively higher richness. These differences were maintained even after controlling for salinity at the time of sampling. Small-scale topographic relief differs between these two systems, possibly created by tidal action in the Shark River. We propose that this difference in topography limits movement of fishes from upstream marshes into the fringing mangrove forest in the Shark River system, but not the Taylor River system. Understanding the influence of habitat structure, including connectivity, on aquatic communities is important to anticipate effects of construction and operational alternatives associated with restoration of the Everglades ecosystem.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-006-0144-x","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Green, D., Trexler, J., Lorenz, J., McIvor, C., and Philippi, T., 2006, Spatial patterns of fish communities along two estuarine gradients in southern Florida: Hydrobiologia, v. 569, no. 1, p. 387-399, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0144-x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"399","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210027,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0144-x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","volume":"569","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b949de4b08c986b31abaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, D.P.J.","contributorId":20963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"D.P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trexler, J.C.","contributorId":23108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trexler","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorenz, J.J.","contributorId":67058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McIvor, C.C.","contributorId":38104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIvor","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Philippi, T.","contributorId":78142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Philippi","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028382,"text":"70028382 - 2006 - Nitrogen loads through baseflow, stormflow, and underflow to Rehoboth Bay, Delaware","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028382","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen loads through baseflow, stormflow, and underflow to Rehoboth Bay, Delaware","docAbstract":"A detailed study of water and nitrogen (N) discharge from a small, representative subwatershed of Rehoboth Bay, Delaware, was conducted to determine total N loads to the bay. The concentrations of ammonium (NH 4+), nitrate + nitrite (NO3- + NO2-), and dissolved and particulate organic N were determined in baseflow and storm waters discharging from Bundicks Branch from October 1998 to April 2002. A novel hydrographic separation model that accounts for significant decreases in baseflow during storm events was developed to estimate N loads during unsampled storms. Nitrogen loads based on gauged flows alone (7100-19100 kg/yr) significantly underestimated those based on land use-land cover (LULC) and estimated N export factors from different classes of LULC (32000-40600 kg/yr). However, when ungauged underflow and associated N loads were included in the total loads (25500-33800 kg/yr), there was much better agreement with LULC export models. This suggests that in permeable coastal plain sediments, underflow contributes significantly to N fluxes to estuarine receiving waters, particularly in drier years. Based on the similarity in LULC, N loads from the Bundicks Branch subwatershed were used to estimate upland loads to the entire Rehoboth Bay Watershed (259000-316000 kg/yr). These N loads from the watershed were much greater than those from direct atmospheric deposition (49000-64500 kg/yr) and from a local wastewater treatment plant (9700-13700 kg/yr). While the watershed was the principal source of N at all times during the year, the relative contributions from the watershed, wastewater, and direct atmospheric deposition varied predictably with season. ?? ASA, CSSA, SSSA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2005.0373","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Volk, J., Savidge, K., Scudlark, J., Andres, A., and Ullman, W., 2006, Nitrogen loads through baseflow, stormflow, and underflow to Rehoboth Bay, Delaware: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 35, no. 5, p. 1742-1755, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0373.","startPage":"1742","endPage":"1755","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210054,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0373"},{"id":236856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66e8e4b0c8380cd73073","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Volk, J.A.","contributorId":20497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Volk","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savidge, K.B.","contributorId":95254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savidge","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scudlark, J.R.","contributorId":86952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scudlark","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andres, A.S.","contributorId":84557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andres","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ullman, W.J.","contributorId":28796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ullman","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
]}