{"pageNumber":"2458","pageRowStart":"61425","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184651,"records":[{"id":70028924,"text":"70028924 - 2006 - Seismomagnetic effects from the long-awaited 28 September 2004 M 6.0 parkfield earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028924","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismomagnetic effects from the long-awaited 28 September 2004 M 6.0 parkfield earthquake","docAbstract":"Precise measurements of local magnetic fields have been obtained with a differentially connected array of seven synchronized proton magnetometers located along 60 km of the locked-to-creeping transition region of the San Andreas fault at Parkfield, California, since 1976. The M 6.0 Parkfield earthquake on 28 September 2004, occurred within this array and generated coseismic magnetic field changes of between 0.2 and 0.5 nT at five sites in the network. No preseismic magnetic field changes exceeding background noise levels are apparent in the magnetic data during the month, week, and days before the earthquake (or expected in light of the absence of measurable precursive deformation, seismicity, or pore pressure changes). Observations of electric and magnetic fields from 0.01 to 20 Hz are also made at one site near the end of the earthquake rupture and corrected for common-mode signals from the ionosphere/magnetosphere using a second site some 115 km to the northwest along the fault. These magnetic data show no indications of unusual noise before the earthquake in the ULF band (0.01-20 Hz) as suggested may have preceded the 1989 ML 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake. Nor do we see electric field changes similar to those suggested to occur before earthquakes of this magnitude from data in Greece. Uniform and variable slip piezomagnetic models of the earthquake, derived from strain, displacement, and seismic data, generate magnetic field perturbations that are consistent with those observed by the magnetometer array. A higher rate of longer-term magnetic field change, consistent with increased loading in the region, is apparent since 1993. This accompanied an increased rate of secular shear strain observed on a two-color EDM network and a small network of borehole tensor strainmeters and increased seismicity dominated by three M 4.5-5 earthquakes roughly a year apart in 1992, 1993, and 1994. Models incorporating all of these data indicate increased slip at depth in the region, and this may have played a role in the final occurrence of the 28 September 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield earthquake. The absence of electric and magnetic field precursors for this, and other earthquakes with M 5-7.3 elsewhere in the San Andreas fault system, indicates useful prediction of damaging earthquakes seems unlikely using these electromagnetic data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050810","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Johnston, M., Sasai, Y., Egbert, G., and Mueller, R., 2006, Seismomagnetic effects from the long-awaited 28 September 2004 M 6.0 parkfield earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 4 B, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050810.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209802,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050810"},{"id":236520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"4 B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8bd2e4b08c986b317ae5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sasai, Y.","contributorId":50340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sasai","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Egbert, G.D.","contributorId":69347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Egbert","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mueller, R.J.","contributorId":77135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028918,"text":"70028918 - 2006 - Intradaily variability of water quality in a shallow tidal lagoon: Mechanisms and implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T07:38:50","indexId":"70028918","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intradaily variability of water quality in a shallow tidal lagoon: Mechanisms and implications","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">Although surface water quality and its underlying processes vary over time scales ranging from seconds to decades, they have historically been studied at the lower (weekly to interannual) frequencies. The aim of this study was to investigate intradaily variability of three water quality parameters in a small freshwater tidal lagoon (Mildred Island, California). High frequency time series of specific conductivity, water temperature, and chlorophyll<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">a</i><span>&nbsp;</span>at two locations within the habitat were analyzed in conjunction with supporting hydrodynamic, meteorological, biological, and spatial mapping data. All three constituents exhibited large amplitude intradaily (e.g., semidiurnal tidal and diurnal) oscillations, and periodicity varied across constituents, space, and time. Like other tidal embayments, this habitat is influenced by several processes with distinct periodicities including physical controls, such as tides, solar radiation, and wind, and biological controls, such as photosynthesis, growth, and grazing. A scaling approach was developed to estimate individual process contributions to the observed variability. Scaling results were generally consistent with observations and together with detailed examination of time series and time derivatives, revealed specific mechanisms underlying the observed periodicities, including interactions between the tidal variability, heating, wind, and biology. The implications for monitoring were illustrated through subsampling of the data set. This exercise demonstrated how quantities needed by scientists and managers (e.g., mean or extreme concentrations) may be misrepresented by low frequency data and how short-duration high frequency measurements can aid in the design and interpretation of temporally coarser sampling programs. The dispersive export of chlorophyll<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">a</i><span>&nbsp;</span>from the habitat exhibited a fortnightly variability corresponding to the modulation of semidiurnal tidal currents with the diurnal cycle of phytoplankton variability, demonstrating how high frequency interactions can govern long-term trends. Process identification, as through the scaling analysis here, can help us anticipate changes in system behavior and adapt our own interactions with the system.</p><div class=\"KeywordGroup\" lang=\"en\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02786523","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Lucas, L., Sereno, D., Burau, J., Schraga, T., Lopez, C., Stacey, M., Parchevsky, K., and Parchevsky, V., 2006, Intradaily variability of water quality in a shallow tidal lagoon: Mechanisms and implications: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 29, no. 5, p. 711-730, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02786523.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"711","endPage":"730","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477476,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02786523","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3dc2e4b0c8380cd63808","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucas, L.V.","contributorId":62777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"L.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sereno, D.M.","contributorId":33509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sereno","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burau, J.R. 0000-0002-5196-5035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":7307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schraga, T.S.","contributorId":107480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schraga","given":"T.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lopez, C.B.","contributorId":67700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopez","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stacey, M.T.","contributorId":82874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Parchevsky, K.V.","contributorId":97304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parchevsky","given":"K.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Parchevsky, V.P.","contributorId":9835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parchevsky","given":"V.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70028910,"text":"70028910 - 2006 - Late Holocene lake-level fluctuations in Walker Lake, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028910","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Holocene lake-level fluctuations in Walker Lake, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"Walker Lake, a hydrologically closed, saline, and alkaline lake, is situated along the western margin of the Great Basin in Nevada of the western United States. Analyses of the magnetic susceptibility (??), total inorganic carbon (TIC), and oxygen isotopic composition (??18O) of carbonate sediments including ostracode shells (Limnocythere ceriotuberosa) from Walker Lake allow us to extend the sediment record of lake-level fluctuations back to 2700??years B.P. There are approximately five major stages over the course of the late Holocene hydrologic evolution in Walker Lake: an early lowstand (> 2400??years B.P.), a lake-filling period (??? 2400 to ??? 1000??years B.P.), a lake-level lowering period during the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) (??? 1000 to ??? 600??years B.P.), a relatively wet period (??? 600 to ??? 100??years B.P.), and the anthropogenically induced lake-level lowering period (< 100??years B.P.). The most pronounced lowstand of Walker Lake occurred at ??? 2400??years B.P., as indicated by the relatively high values of ??18O. This is generally in agreement with the previous lower resolution paleoclimate results from Walker Lake, but contrasts with the sediment records from adjacent Pyramid Lake and Siesta Lake. The pronounced lowstand suggests that the Walker River that fills Walker Lake may have partially diverted into the Carson Sink through the Adrian paleochannel between 2700 to 1400??years B.P. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.003","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Yuan, F., Linsley, B., Howe, S.S., Lund, S., and McGeehin, J., 2006, Late Holocene lake-level fluctuations in Walker Lake, Nevada, USA: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 240, no. 3-4, p. 497-507, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.003.","startPage":"497","endPage":"507","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209646,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.003"},{"id":236310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"240","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44e8e4b0c8380cd66eba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yuan, F.","contributorId":104287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuan","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linsley, B.K.","contributorId":55155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linsley","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howe, S. S.","contributorId":103293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lund, S.P.","contributorId":98054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGeehin, J. P. 0000-0002-5320-6091","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":48593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":96995,"text":"96995 - 2006 - Level 1 Baseline Water Qaulity Report for the Klmath Network: Lava Beds National Monument, Lassen Volcanic National Park and Oregon Caves National Monument - 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T14:43:25","indexId":"96995","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Level 1 Baseline Water Qaulity Report for the Klmath Network: Lava Beds National Monument, Lassen Volcanic National Park and Oregon Caves National Monument - 2005","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"Western Ecological Research Center, Redwood Field Station","publisherLocation":"Arcata, CA","collaboration":"Report for the National Park Service Klamath Netwrok Inventory and Monitoring Program.","usgsCitation":"Currens, C., Madej, M.A., and Ambrose, H., 2006, Level 1 Baseline Water Qaulity Report for the Klmath Network: Lava Beds National Monument, Lassen Volcanic National Park and Oregon Caves National Monument - 2005, 25 p. ; appendices.","productDescription":"25 p. ; appendices.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a848a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Currens, C.R.","contributorId":10364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Currens","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madej, Mary Ann 0000-0003-2831-3773 mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-3773","contributorId":40304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madej","given":"Mary","email":"mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":300745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ambrose, H.","contributorId":98247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ambrose","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028890,"text":"70028890 - 2006 - Stratigraphic framework for Pliocene paleoclimate reconstruction: The correlation conundrum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028890","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3481,"text":"Stratigraphy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphic framework for Pliocene paleoclimate reconstruction: The correlation conundrum","docAbstract":"Pre-Holocene paleoclimate reconstructions face a correlation conundrum because complications inherent in the stratigraphic record impede the development of synchronous reconstruction. The Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) paleoenvironmental reconstructions have carefully balanced temporal resolution and paleoclimate proxy data to achieve a useful and reliable product and are the most comprehensive pre-Pleistocene data sets available for analysis of warmer-than-present climate and for climate modeling experiments. This paper documents the stratigraphic framework for the mid-Pliocene sea surface temperature (SST) reconstruction of the North Atlantic and explores the relationship between stratigraphic/temporal resolution and various paleoceanographic estimates of SST. The magnetobiostratigraphic framework for the PRISM North Atlantic region is constructed from planktic foraminifer, calcareous nannofossil and paleomagnetic reversal events recorded in deep-sea cores and calibrated to age. Planktic foraminifer census data from multiple samples within the mid-Pliocene yield multiple SST estimates for each site. Extracting a single SST value at each site from multiple estimates, given the limitations of the material and stratigraphic resolution, is problematic but necessary for climate model experiments. The PRISM reconstruction, unprecedented in its integration of many different types of data at a focused stratigraphic interval, utilizes a time slab approach and is based on warm peak average temperatures. A greater understanding of the dynamics of the climate system and significant advances in models now mandate more precise, globally distributed yet temporally synchronous SST estimates than are available through averaging techniques. Regardless of the precision used to correlate between sequences within the midd-Pliocene, a truly synoptic reconstruction in the temporal sense is unlikely. SST estimates from multiple proxies promise to further refine paleoclimate reconstructions but must consider the complications associated with each method, what each proxy actually records, and how these different proxies compare in time-averaged samples.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Stratigraphy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2307/1484329","issn":"00262803","usgsCitation":"Dowsett, H., and Robinson, M., 2006, Stratigraphic framework for Pliocene paleoclimate reconstruction: The correlation conundrum: Stratigraphy, v. 3, no. 1, p. 53-64, https://doi.org/10.2307/1484329.","startPage":"53","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209801,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1484329"},{"id":236518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9901e4b08c986b31c1c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dowsett, H.J. 0000-0003-1983-7524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":87924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, M.M.","contributorId":56263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028881,"text":"70028881 - 2006 - Safety of fish therapeutants to glochidia of the plain pocketbook mussel during encystment on largemouth bass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T18:00:06","indexId":"70028881","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2885,"text":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Safety of fish therapeutants to glochidia of the plain pocketbook mussel during encystment on largemouth bass","docAbstract":"Mussel biologists and fisheries managers have developed propagation techniques to duplicate the natural glochidia infestation on host fish. However, in intensive culture situations, fish diseases may threaten the survival of both fish and their attached glochidia and chemical treatments may be required to control a disease epizootic. Five therapeutants were evaluated for their safety to largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides encysted with mussel glochidia by comparing the number of sloughed glochidia in the chemical treatment groups with that of an untreated control group. Largemouth bass were infested with glochidia from the plain pocketbook mussel Lampsilis cardium and treated with 20 mg chloramine-T/L, 2 mg Cutrine/L, or 200 mg formalin/L (trial 1) and 200 mg formalin/L, 100 mg hydrogen peroxide/L, or 20,000 mg sodium chloride/L (trial 2). Chemicals were applied for 60 min (15 min in the case of sodium chloride in trial 2) once every other day, for a total of three treatments (six in the case of formalin in trial 2). After the first treatment, aquaria were siphoned each weekday to determine the number of sloughed glochidia or transformed juveniles. In trial 1, the initial mean number of glochidia per fish ranged from 257 to 294, and approximately 94% of the glochidia transformed to juveniles. In trial 2, the initial mean number of glochidia per fish ranged from 97 to 115, and approximately 91% of the glochidia transformed to juveniles. The mean percent of sloughed glochidia varied by less than 2% among all test groups in each trial. There were no significant differences (P < 0.05) in the number of sloughed glochidia or transformed juveniles among control or treatment groups in either trial. Therapeutic treatment of diseased fish with chloramine-T, Cutrine, formalin, hydrogen peroxide, or sodium chloride at the treatment regimens evaluated are viable options for enhancing the survival of fish encysted with glochidia.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/A05-077.1","issn":"15222055","usgsCitation":"Rach, J., Brady, T., Schreier, T.M., and Aloisi, D., 2006, Safety of fish therapeutants to glochidia of the plain pocketbook mussel during encystment on largemouth bass: North American Journal of Aquaculture, v. 68, no. 4, p. 348-354, https://doi.org/10.1577/A05-077.1.","startPage":"348","endPage":"354","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209673,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/A05-077.1"}],"volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aafbde4b0c8380cd8776b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rach, J.J.","contributorId":73948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rach","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brady, T.","contributorId":24546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schreier, Theresa M. 0000-0001-7722-6292 tschreier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7722-6292","contributorId":3344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreier","given":"Theresa","email":"tschreier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":420163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aloisi, D.","contributorId":79279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aloisi","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028870,"text":"70028870 - 2006 - Incorporation of seawater into mid-ocean ridge lava flows during emplacement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028870","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporation of seawater into mid-ocean ridge lava flows during emplacement","docAbstract":"Evidence for the interaction between seawater and lava during emplacement on the deep seafloor can be observed in solidified flows at a variety of scales including rapid quenching of their outer crusts and the formation of lava pillars through the body of the flow. Recently, an additional interaction, incorporation of heated seawater (vapor) into the body of a flow, has been proposed. Large voids and vesicles beneath the surface crusts of mid-ocean ridge crest lobate and sheet lava flows and lava drips found within those cavities have been cited as evidence for this interaction. The voids resulting from this interaction contribute to the high porosity of the shallow ocean crust and play an important role in crustal permeability and hydrothermal circulation at mid-ocean ridges, and thus it is important to understand their origin. We analyze lava samples from the fast-spreading East Pacific Rise and intermediate-spreading Galapagos Spreading Center to characterize this process, identify the source of the vapor, and investigate the implications this would have on submarine lava flow dynamics. We find that lava samples that have interacted with a vapor have a zone of increased vesicularity on the underside of the lava crust and a coating of precipitate minerals (i.e., crystal fringe) that are distinct in form and composition from those crystallized from the melt. We use thermochemical modeling to simulate the reaction between the lava and a vapor and find that only with seawater can we reproduce the phase assemblage we observe within the crystal fringes present in the samples. Model results suggest that large-scale contamination of the lava by mass exchange with the vapor is unlikely, but we observe local enrichment of the lava in Cl resulting from the incorporation of a brine phase separated from the seawater. We suggest that high eruption rates are necessary for seawater incorporation to occur, but the mechanism by which seawater enters the flow has yet to be resolved. A persistent vapor phase may be important in inhibiting the collapse of lava flow roofs during natural waxing and waning of lava levels during emplacement allowing lava pathways to be maintained during long lived eruptions. In addition, we illustrate the potential for a persistent vapor layer to increase local flow rates within submarine flows by up to a factor of three, thereby influencing how lava is distributed across the ridge crest. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2006.09.043","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Soule, S., Fornari, D., Perfit, M., Ridley, W., Reed, M., and Cann, J., 2006, Incorporation of seawater into mid-ocean ridge lava flows during emplacement: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 252, no. 3-4, p. 289-307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.09.043.","startPage":"289","endPage":"307","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209959,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.09.043"},{"id":236728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"252","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39f1e4b0c8380cd61ac0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soule, S.A.","contributorId":17816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soule","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fornari, D.J.","contributorId":49520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fornari","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perfit, M.R.","contributorId":45467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perfit","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ridley, W.I.","contributorId":72122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reed, M.H.","contributorId":91606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cann, J.R.","contributorId":100158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cann","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028809,"text":"70028809 - 2006 - Sensor web enables rapid response to volcanic activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T11:29:02","indexId":"70028809","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensor web enables rapid response to volcanic activity","docAbstract":"<p>Rapid response to the onset of volcanic activity allows for the early assessment of hazard and risk [<i>Tilling</i>, 1989]. Data from remote volcanoes and volcanoes in countries with poor communication infrastructure can only be obtained via remote sensing [<i>Harris et al.</i>, 2000]. By linking notifications of activity from ground-based and spacebased systems, these volcanoes can be monitored when they erupt.</p><p>Over the last 18 months, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has implemented a Volcano Sensor Web (VSW) in which data from ground-based and space-based sensors that detect current volcanic activity are used to automatically trigger the NASA Earth Observing 1 (EO-1) spacecraft to make highspatial-resolution observations of these volcanoes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006EO010002","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Davies, A., Chien, S., Wright, R., Mikijus, A., Kyle, P.R., Welsh, M., Johnson, J.B., Tran, D., Schaffer, S.R., and Sherwood, R., 2006, Sensor web enables rapid response to volcanic activity: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 87, no. 1, p. 2-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006EO010002.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"2","endPage":"4","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477585,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006eo010002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d3be4b08c986b3182ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davies, Ashley G.","contributorId":36827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"Ashley G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chien, Steve","contributorId":174412,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chien","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13711,"text":"Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":419842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, Robert","contributorId":174413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wright","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mikijus, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":80431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikijus","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":419839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kyle, Philip R.","contributorId":174414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kyle","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Welsh, Matt","contributorId":174415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Welsh","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16811,"text":"Harvard University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":419836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnson, Jeffrey B.","contributorId":174416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tran, Daniel","contributorId":174417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tran","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13711,"text":"Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":419833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schaffer, Steven R.","contributorId":174418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaffer","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13711,"text":"Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":419835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sherwood, Robert","contributorId":174419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":13711,"text":"Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":419840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70028803,"text":"70028803 - 2006 - Wave energy dissipation by intertidal sand waves on a mixed-sediment Beach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028803","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Wave energy dissipation by intertidal sand waves on a mixed-sediment Beach","docAbstract":"Within the surf zone, the energy expended by wave breaking is strongly influenced by nearshore bathymetry, which is often linked to the character and abundance of local sediments. Based upon a continuous, two year record of Argus Beach Monitoring System (ABMS) data on the north shore of Kachemak Bay in southcentral Alaska, we model the enhancement of wave energy dissipation by the presence of intertidal sand waves. Comparison of model results from simulations in the presence and absence of sand waves illustrates that these ephemeral morphological features can offer significant protection to the backing beach and sea cliff through two mechanisms: (1) by moving the locus of wave breaking seaward and (2) by increasing energy expenditure associated with the turbulence of wave breaking. Copyright ASCE 2006.","largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Dynamics 2005 - Proceedings of the Fifth Coastal Dynamics International Conference","conferenceTitle":"5th Coastal Dynamics International Conference","conferenceDate":"4 April 2005 through 8 April 2005","conferenceLocation":"Barcelona","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40855(214)18","isbn":"0784408556; 9780784408551","usgsCitation":"Adams, P., and Ruggiero, P., 2006, Wave energy dissipation by intertidal sand waves on a mixed-sediment Beach, <i>in</i> Coastal Dynamics 2005 - Proceedings of the Fifth Coastal Dynamics International Conference, Barcelona, 4 April 2005 through 8 April 2005, https://doi.org/10.1061/40855(214)18.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210002,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40855(214)18"},{"id":236788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf90e4b08c986b32e98f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, P.","contributorId":39570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruggiero, P.","contributorId":25995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggiero","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028798,"text":"70028798 - 2006 - A revised lithostratigraphic framework for the southern Yucca Mountain area, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028798","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A revised lithostratigraphic framework for the southern Yucca Mountain area, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"An informal, revised lithostratigraphic framework for the southern Yucca Mountain area, Nevada has been developed to accommodate new information derived from subsurface investigations of the Nye County Early Warning Drilling Program. Lithologies penetrated by recently drilled boreholes at locations between Stagecoach Road and Highway 95 in southern Nye County include Quaternary and Pliocene alluvium and alluvial breccia, Miocene pyroclastic flow deposits, Miocene intercalated lacustrine siltstone and claystone sequences, early Miocene to Oligocene pre-volcanic sedimentary rocks, and Paleozoic strata. Of the 37 boreholes currently drilled, 21 boreholes have sufficient depth, spatial distribution, or traceable pyroclastic flow, pyroclastic fall, and reworked tuff deposits to aid in the lateral correlation of lithostrata. Medial and distal parts of regional pyroclastic flow deposits of Miocene age can be correlated with the Timber Mountain, Paintbrush, Crater Flat, and Tram Ridge Groups. Rocks intercalated between these regional pyroclastic flow deposits are substantially thicker than in the central part of Yucca Mountain, particularly near the downthrown side of major faults and along the southern extent of exposures at Yucca Mountain.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM","conferenceTitle":"11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference","conferenceDate":"30 April 2006 through 4 May 2006","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","isbn":"0894486918; 9780894486913","usgsCitation":"Spengler, R., Byers, F., and Dickerson, R., 2006, A revised lithostratigraphic framework for the southern Yucca Mountain area, Nye County, Nevada, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM, v. 2006, Las Vegas, NV, 30 April 2006 through 4 May 2006, p. 425-432.","startPage":"425","endPage":"432","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2006","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e562e4b0c8380cd46d17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spengler, R.W.","contributorId":7281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spengler","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byers, F. M.","contributorId":50141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byers","given":"F. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dickerson, R. P.","contributorId":23968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickerson","given":"R. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028788,"text":"70028788 - 2006 - A volcano bursting at the seams: Inflation, faulting, and eruption at Sierra Negra volcano, Galápagos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T10:47:27","indexId":"70028788","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A volcano bursting at the seams: Inflation, faulting, and eruption at Sierra Negra volcano, Galápagos","docAbstract":"<p>The results of geodetic monitoring since 2002 at Sierra Negra volcano in the Gal&aacute;pagos Islands show that the filling and pressurization of an &sim;2-km-deep sill eventually led to an eruption that began on 22 October 2005. Continuous global positioning system (CGPS) monitoring measured &gt;2 m of accelerating inflation leading up to the eruption and contributed to nearly 5 m of total uplift since 1992, the largest precursory inflation ever recorded at a basaltic caldera. This extraordinary uplift was accommodated in part by repeated trapdoor faulting, and coseismic CGPS data provide strong constraints for improved deformation models. These results highlight the feedbacks between inflation, faulting, and eruption at a basaltic volcano, and demonstrate that faulting above an intruding magma body can relieve accumulated strain and effectively postpone eruption.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G22826A.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Chadwick, W.W., Geist, D.J., Jonsson, S., Poland, M., Johnson, D., and Meertens, C.M., 2006, A volcano bursting at the seams: Inflation, faulting, and eruption at Sierra Negra volcano, Galápagos: Geology, v. 34, no. 12, p. 1025-1028, https://doi.org/10.1130/G22826A.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1025","endPage":"1028","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236584,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ecuador","state":"Galapagos","otherGeospatial":"Sierre Negra volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.22772216796875,\n              -0.9063342699592115\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.22772216796875,\n              -0.7305710228984912\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.00799560546875,\n              -0.7305710228984912\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.00799560546875,\n              -0.9063342699592115\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.22772216796875,\n              -0.9063342699592115\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e612e4b0c8380cd4714b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chadwick, William W.","contributorId":77042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chadwick","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geist, Dennis J.","contributorId":47145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jonsson, Sigurjon","contributorId":72123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonsson","given":"Sigurjon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Daniel J.","contributorId":71970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Daniel J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meertens, Charles M.","contributorId":43153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meertens","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028786,"text":"70028786 - 2006 - Environmental and water decision-making in a changing climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70028786","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Environmental and water decision-making in a changing climate","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Eos","language":"English","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Jain, S., Pulwarty, R., and Melis, T., 2006, Environmental and water decision-making in a changing climate, <i>in</i> Eos, v. 87, no. 14, p. 142-143.","startPage":"142","endPage":"143","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a099fe4b0c8380cd51fc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jain, S.","contributorId":11394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jain","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pulwarty, R.S.","contributorId":30425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pulwarty","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melis, T.S.","contributorId":85621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028754,"text":"70028754 - 2006 - Extreme U-Th disequilibrium in rift-related basalts, rhyolites and granophyric granite and the timescale of rhyolite generation, intrusion and crystallization at Alid volcanic center, Eritrea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-08T10:59:36","indexId":"70028754","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extreme U-Th disequilibrium in rift-related basalts, rhyolites and granophyric granite and the timescale of rhyolite generation, intrusion and crystallization at Alid volcanic center, Eritrea","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstract-1\" class=\"section abstract\"><p id=\"p-1\">Rhyolite pumices and co-erupted granophyric (granite) xenoliths yield evidence for rapid magma generation and crystallization prior to their eruption at 15·2 ± 2·9 ka at the Alid volcanic center in the Danikil Depression, Eritrea. Whole-rock U and Th isotopic analyses show <sup>230</sup>Th excesses up to 50% in basalts &lt;10 000 years old from the surrounding Oss lava fields. The 15 ka rhyolites also have 30–40% <sup>230</sup>Th excesses. Similarity in U–Th disequilibrium, and in Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic values, implies that the rhyolites are mostly differentiated from the local basaltic magma. Given the (<sup>230</sup>Th/<sup>232</sup>Th) ratio of the young basalts, and presumably the underlying mantle, the (<sup>230</sup>Th/<sup>232</sup>Th) ratio of the rhyolites upon eruption could be generated by in situ decay in about 50 000 years. Limited (∼5%) assimilation of old crust would hasten the lowering of (<sup>230</sup>Th/<sup>232</sup>Th) and allow the process to take place in as little as 30 000 years. Final crystallization of the Alid granophyre occurred rapidly and at shallow depths at ∼20–25 ka, as confirmed by analyses of mineral separates and ion microprobe data on individual zircons. Evidently, 30 000–50 000 years were required for extraction of basalt from its mantle source region, subsequent crystallization and melt extraction to form silicic magmas, and final crystallization of the shallow intrusion. The granophyre was then ejected during eruption of the comagmatic rhyolites.</p></div>","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Petrology","language":"English","publisher":"University Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egl038","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Lowenstern, J.B., Charlier, B.L., Clynne, M., and Wooden, J.L., 2006, Extreme U-Th disequilibrium in rift-related basalts, rhyolites and granophyric granite and the timescale of rhyolite generation, intrusion and crystallization at Alid volcanic center, Eritrea: Journal of Petrology, v. 47, no. 11, p. 2105-2122, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egl038.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2105","endPage":"2122","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477482,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egl038","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e66e4b0c8380cd5342e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowenstern, J. B.","contributorId":7737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charlier, B. L. A.","contributorId":45090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Charlier","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028752,"text":"70028752 - 2006 - Community maturity, species saturation and the variant diversity- productivity relationships in grasslands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-07T12:25:14","indexId":"70028752","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Community maturity, species saturation and the variant diversity- productivity relationships in grasslands","docAbstract":"Detailed knowledge of the relationship between plant diversity and productivity is critical for advancing our understanding of ecosystem functioning and for achieving success in habitat restoration efforts. However, effects and interactions of diversity, succession and biotic invasions on productivity remain elusive. We studied newly established communities in relation to preexisting homogeneous vegetation invaded by exotic plants in the northern Great Plains, USA, at four study sites for 3 years. We observed variant diversity-productivity relationships for the seeded communities (generally positive monotonic at three sites and non-monotonic at the other site) but no relationships for the resident community or the seeded and resident communities combined at all sites and all years. Community richness was enhanced by seeding additional species but productivity was not. The optimal diversity (as indicated by maximum productivity) changed among sites and as the community developed. The findings shed new light on ecosystem functioning of biodiversity under different conditions and have important implications for restoration. ?? 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00980.x","issn":"1461023X","usgsCitation":"Guo, Q., Shaffer, T., and Buhl, T., 2006, Community maturity, species saturation and the variant diversity- productivity relationships in grasslands: Ecology Letters, v. 9, no. 12, p. 1284-1292, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00980.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1284","endPage":"1292","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209870,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00980.x"}],"volume":"9","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f808e4b0c8380cd4ce36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guo, Q.","contributorId":67039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaffer, T.","contributorId":71749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buhl, T. 0000-0001-9909-3419","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9909-3419","contributorId":44342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028749,"text":"70028749 - 2006 - Damped regional-scale stress inversions: Methodology and examples for southern California and the Coalinga aftershock sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70028749","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Damped regional-scale stress inversions: Methodology and examples for southern California and the Coalinga aftershock sequence","docAbstract":"We present a new focal mechanism stress inversion technique to produce regional-scale models of stress orientation containing the minimum complexity necessary to fit the data. Current practice is to divide a region into small subareas and to independently fit a stress tensor to the focal mechanisms of each subarea. This procedure may lead to apparent spatial variability that is actually an artifact of overfitting noisy data or nonuniquely fitting data that does not completely constrain the stress tensor. To remove these artifacts while retaining any stress variations that are strongly required by the data, we devise a damped inversion method to simultaneously invert for stress in all subareas while minimizing the difference in stress between adjacent subareas. This method is conceptually similar to other geophysical inverse techniques that incorporate damping, such as seismic tomography. In checkerboard tests, the damped inversion removes the stress rotation artifacts exhibited by an undamped inversion, while resolving sharper true stress rotations than a simple smoothed model or a moving-window inversion. We show an example of a spatially damped stress field for southern California. The methodology can also be used to study temporal stress changes, and an example for the Coalinga, California, aftershock sequence is shown. We recommend use of the damped inversion technique for any study examining spatial or temporal variations in the stress field.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JB004144","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hardebeck, J., and Michael, A., 2006, Damped regional-scale stress inversions: Methodology and examples for southern California and the Coalinga aftershock sequence: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 111, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB004144.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209819,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JB004144"}],"volume":"111","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd60e4b0c8380cd4e7e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardebeck, J.L.","contributorId":98862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michael, A.J. 0000-0002-2403-5019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":52192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028740,"text":"70028740 - 2006 - Response of microbial community composition and function to soil climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70028740","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2729,"text":"Microbial Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of microbial community composition and function to soil climate change","docAbstract":"Soil microbial communities mediate critical ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycles. How microbial communities will respond to changes in vegetation and climate, however, are not well understood. We reciprocally transplanted soil cores from under oak canopies and adjacent open grasslands in a California oak-grassland ecosystem to determine how microbial communities respond to changes in the soil environment and the potential consequences for the cycling of carbon. Every 3 months for up to 2 years, we monitored microbial community composition using phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA), microbial biomass, respiration rates, microbial enzyme activities, and the activity of microbial groups by quantifying 13C uptake from a universal substrate (pyruvate) into PLFA biomarkers. Soil in the open grassland experienced higher maximum temperatures and lower soil water content than soil under the oak canopies. Soil microbial communities in soil under oak canopies were more sensitive to environmental change than those in adjacent soil from the open grassland. Oak canopy soil communities changed rapidly when cores were transplanted into the open grassland soil environment, but grassland soil communities did not change when transplanted into the oak canopy environment. Similarly, microbial biomass, enzyme activities, and microbial respiration decreased when microbial communities were transplanted from the oak canopy soils to the grassland environment, but not when the grassland communities were transplanted to the oak canopy environment. These data support the hypothesis that microbial community composition and function is altered when microbes are exposed to new extremes in environmental conditions; that is, environmental conditions outside of their \"life history\" envelopes. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Microbial Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00248-006-9103-3","issn":"00953628","usgsCitation":"Waldrop, M., and Firestone, M., 2006, Response of microbial community composition and function to soil climate change: Microbial Ecology, v. 52, no. 4, p. 716-724, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-006-9103-3.","startPage":"716","endPage":"724","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209740,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-006-9103-3"},{"id":236437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa57e4b0c8380cd8629f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waldrop, M. P. 0000-0003-1829-7140","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-7140","contributorId":105104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"M. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Firestone, M.K.","contributorId":10593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Firestone","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028734,"text":"70028734 - 2006 - Genetic effects of ELISA-based segregation for control of bacterial kidney disease in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T16:43:43","indexId":"70028734","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic effects of ELISA-based segregation for control of bacterial kidney disease in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)","docAbstract":"<p>We evaluated genetic variation in ability of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to resist two bacterial pathogens: Renibacterium salmoninarum, the agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD), and Listonella anguillarum, an agent of vibriosis. After measuring R. salmoninarum antigen in 499 adults by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we mated each of 12 males with high or low antigen levels to two females with low to moderate levels and exposed subsets of their progeny to each pathogen separately. We found no correlation between R. salmoninarum antigen level in parents and survival of their progeny following pathogen exposure. We estimated high heritability for resistance to R. salmoninarum (survival h2 = 0.890 ?? 0.256 (mean ?? standard error)) independent of parental antigen level, but low heritability for resistance to L. anguillarum (h2 = 0.128 ?? 0.078). The genetic correlation between these survivals (rA = -0.204 ?? 0.309) was near zero. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between survival and antigen levels among surviving progeny exposed to R. salmoninarum were both negative (rA = -0.716 ?? 0.140; rP = -0.378 ?? 0.041), indicating that variation in antigen level is linked to survival. These results suggest that selective culling of female broodstock with high antigen titers, which is effective in controlling BKD in salmon hatcheries, will not affect resistance of their progeny. ?? 2006 NRC.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/F06-163","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Hard, J., Elliott, D., Pascho, R., Chase, D., Park, L., Winton, J., and Campton, D., 2006, Genetic effects of ELISA-based segregation for control of bacterial kidney disease in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 63, no. 12, p. 2793-2808, https://doi.org/10.1139/F06-163.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2793","endPage":"2808","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209666,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F06-163"}],"volume":"63","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1576e4b0c8380cd54e14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hard, J.J.","contributorId":58449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hard","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, D.G.","contributorId":58226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pascho, R.J.","contributorId":65796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pascho","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chase, D.M.","contributorId":50317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Park, L.K.","contributorId":25739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Campton, D.E.","contributorId":104860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campton","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70028733,"text":"70028733 - 2006 - A portable non-invasive trapping array for sampling amphibians and reptiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028733","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A portable non-invasive trapping array for sampling amphibians and reptiles","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0018084X","usgsCitation":"Rice, A., Rice, K., Waddle, J., and Mazzotti, F., 2006, A portable non-invasive trapping array for sampling amphibians and reptiles: Herpetological Review, v. 37, no. 4, p. 429-430.","startPage":"429","endPage":"430","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4e2e4b0c8380cd469c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, A.N.","contributorId":41638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, K.G. 0000-0001-8282-1088","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8282-1088","contributorId":41949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"K.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waddle, J.H. 0000-0003-1940-2133","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-2133","contributorId":32654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mazzotti, F.J.","contributorId":10136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":96228,"text":"96228 - 2006 - The Florida Manatee: Biology and Conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:55","indexId":"96228","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"The Florida Manatee: Biology and Conservation","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","language":"English","publisher":"University Press of Florida","publisherLocation":"Gainesville, FL","usgsCitation":"Reep, R., and Bonde, R., 2006, The Florida Manatee: Biology and Conservation, 189 pp.","productDescription":"189 pp.","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c815","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reep, R.L.","contributorId":5998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reep","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonde, R. K. 0000-0001-9179-4376","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":63339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"R. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":96227,"text":"96227 - 2006 - Ornate box turtle (Terrapene ornata ornata): A technical conservation assessment. [Online]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:55","indexId":"96227","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Ornate box turtle (Terrapene ornata ornata): A technical conservation assessment. [Online]","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","language":"English","publisher":"USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region","usgsCitation":"Redder, A., Dodd, C., Keinath, D., McDonald, D., and Ise, T., 2006, Ornate box turtle (Terrapene ornata ornata): A technical conservation assessment. [Online], 54 pp.","productDescription":"54 pp.","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11984,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/r2/projects/scp/assessments/ornateboxturtle.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a5b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Redder, A.","contributorId":11147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redder","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dodd, C.K. Jr.","contributorId":86286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keinath, D.","contributorId":26247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keinath","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDonald, D.","contributorId":50843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ise, T.","contributorId":78270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ise","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028682,"text":"70028682 - 2006 - Spatio-temporal availability of soft mast in clearcuts in the Southern Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028682","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatio-temporal availability of soft mast in clearcuts in the Southern Appalachians","docAbstract":"Soft mast is an important resource for many wild populations in the Southern Appalachians, yet the way clear-cutting affects availability of soft mast though time is not fully understood. We tested a theoretical model of temporal availability of soft mast in clearcuts using empirical data on percent cover and berry production of Gaylussacia, Vaccinium, and Rubus spp. plants in 100 stands that were clearcut (0-122 years old) in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. We modeled the relationship between soft mast availability and stand age, evaluated the effects of topography and forest type on soft mast, developed statistical models for predicting the spatio-temporal distribution of soft mast, and tested the hypothesis that percent cover of berry plants and berry production provided similar information about soft mast availability. We found temporal dynamics explained berry production better than it predicted percent plant cover, whereas topographic variables influenced percent plant cover more than they influenced berry production. Berry production and percent plant cover were highest in ???2-9-year-old stands. Percent plant cover was lowest in 10-69-year-old stands and intermediate in 70+-year-old stands. Three of our spatio-temporal models performed well during model testing and they were not biased by the training data, indicating the inferences about spatio-temporal availability of soft mast extended beyond our sample data. The methods we used to estimate the distribution of soft mast may be useful for modeling distributions of other resources. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.035","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Reynolds-Hogland, M.J., Mitchell, M., and Powell, R.A., 2006, Spatio-temporal availability of soft mast in clearcuts in the Southern Appalachians: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 237, no. 1-3, p. 103-114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.035.","startPage":"103","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209949,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.035"},{"id":236715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"237","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94c7e4b08c986b31ac43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds-Hogland, M. J.","contributorId":57647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds-Hogland","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, M.S.","contributorId":26724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, R. A.","contributorId":41789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028664,"text":"70028664 - 2006 - A specter of coexistence: Is centrifugal community organization haunted by the ghost of competition?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70028664","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2117,"text":"Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A specter of coexistence: Is centrifugal community organization haunted by the ghost of competition?","docAbstract":"In a centrifugally organized community species prefer the same habitat (called \"core\") but differ in their secondary habitat preferences. The first model of centrifugal community organization (CCO) predicted that optimally foraging, symmetrically competing species would share use of the core habitat at all density combinations. But one might also assume that the competition in the core habitat is asymmetrical, that is, that one of the species (the dominant) has a behavioral advantage therein. In this study, we asked how should habitat use evolve in a centrifugally organized community if its species compete asymmetrically in the core habitat? To address this question we developed an \"isoleg model\". The model predicts that in a centrifugally organized community, asymmetric competition promotes the use of the core habitat exclusively by the dominant species at most points in the state space. The separation of the core habitat use by the species (\"the ghost of competition past\") may be either complete or partial (\"partial ghost\"), and behavior at the stable competitive equilibrium between the species could determine whether coexistence should occur at the \"complete-\" or the \"partial ghost\" regions. This version of CCO should be a common feature of competitive systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00212210","usgsCitation":"Wasserberg, G., Kotler, B., Morris, D., and Abramsky, Z., 2006, A specter of coexistence: Is centrifugal community organization haunted by the ghost of competition?: Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution, v. 52, no. 2, p. 123-140.","startPage":"123","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5a5e4b0c8380cd46ecb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wasserberg, Gideon","contributorId":31185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wasserberg","given":"Gideon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kotler, B.P.","contributorId":33908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotler","given":"B.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, D.W.","contributorId":94078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abramsky, Z.","contributorId":88928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abramsky","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028659,"text":"70028659 - 2006 - Optimization strategies for sediment reduction practices on roads in steep, forested terrain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T14:42:50","indexId":"70028659","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimization strategies for sediment reduction practices on roads in steep, forested terrain","docAbstract":"Many forested steeplands in the western United States display a legacy of disturbances due to timber harvest, mining or wildfires, for example. Such disturbances have caused accelerated hillslope erosion, leading to increased sedimentation in fish-bearing streams. Several restoration techniques have been implemented to address these problems in mountain catchments, many of which involve the removal of abandoned roads and re-establishing drainage networks across road prisms. With limited restoration funds to be applied across large catchments, land managers are faced with deciding which areas and problems should be treated first, and by which technique, in order to design the most effective and cost-effective sediment reduction strategy. Currently most restoration is conducted on a site-specific scale according to uniform treatment policies. To create catchment-scale policies for restoration, we developed two optimization models - dynamic programming and genetic algorithms - to determine the most cost-effective treatment level for roads and stream crossings in a pilot study basin with approximately 700 road segments and crossings. These models considered the trade-offs between the cost and effectiveness of different restoration strategies to minimize the predicted erosion from all forest roads within a catchment, while meeting a specified budget constraint. The optimal sediment reduction strategies developed by these models performed much better than two strategies of uniform erosion control which are commonly applied to road erosion problems by land managers, with sediment savings increased by an additional 48 to 80 per cent. These optimization models can be used to formulate the most cost-effective restoration policy for sediment reduction on a catchment scale. Thus, cost savings can be applied to further restoration work within the catchment. Nevertheless, the models are based on erosion rates measured on past restoration sites, and need to be up-dated as additional monitoring studies evaluate long-term basin response to erosion control treatments. Copyright ?? 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/esp.1436","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Madej, M.A., Eschenbach, E., Diaz, C., Teasley, R., and Baker, K., 2006, Optimization strategies for sediment reduction practices on roads in steep, forested terrain: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 31, no. 13, p. 1643-1656, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1436.","startPage":"1643","endPage":"1656","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209661,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1436"},{"id":236330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ef9e4b0c8380cd758bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madej, Mary Ann 0000-0003-2831-3773 mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-3773","contributorId":40304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madej","given":"Mary","email":"mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":419101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eschenbach, E.A.","contributorId":47141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eschenbach","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Diaz, C.","contributorId":58982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diaz","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Teasley, R.","contributorId":36505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teasley","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baker, K.","contributorId":108305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028652,"text":"70028652 - 2006 - Saharan dust - A carrier of persistent organic pollutants, metals and microbes to the Caribbean?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T16:11:26.832005","indexId":"70028652","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3290,"text":"Revista de Biología Tropical: International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation","onlineIssn":"2215-2075","printIssn":"0034-7744","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Saharan dust - A carrier of persistent organic pollutants, metals and microbes to the Caribbean?","docAbstract":"<p><span>An international team of scientists from government agencies and universities in the United States, U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI), Trinidad &amp; Tobago, the Republic of Cape Verde, and the Republic of Mali (West Africa) is working together to elucidate the role Saharan dust may play in the degradation of Caribbean ecosystems. The first step has been to identify and quantify the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), trace metals, and viable microorganisms in the atmosphere in dust source areas of West Africa, and in dust episodes at downwind sites in the eastern Atlantic (Cape Verde) and the Caribbean (USVI and Trinidad &amp; Tobago). Preliminary findings show that air samples from Mali contain a greater number of pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and in higher concentrations than the Caribbean sites. Overall, POP concentrations were similar in USVI and Trinidad samples. Trace metal concentrations were found to be similar to crustal composition with slight enrichment of lead in Mali. To date, hundreds of cultureable micro-organisms have been identified from Mali, Cape Verde, USVI, and Trinidad air samples. The sea fan pathogen,&nbsp;</span><i>Aspergillus sydowii,<span>&nbsp;</span></i><span>has been identified in soil from Mali and in air samples from dust events in the Caribbean. We have shown that air samples from a dust-source region contain orders of magnitude more cultureable micro-organisms per volume than air samples from dust events in the Caribbean, which in turn contain 3-to 4-fold more cultureable microbes than during non-dust conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Universidad de Costa Rica","publisherLocation":"San José, Costa Rica","usgsCitation":"Garrison, V., Foreman, W., Genualdi, S., Griffin, D., Kellogg, C., Majewski, M., Mohammed, A., Ramsubhag, A., Shinn, E., Simonich, S., and Smith, G., 2006, Saharan dust - A carrier of persistent organic pollutants, metals and microbes to the Caribbean?: Revista de Biología Tropical: International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation, v. 54, no. Supplement 3, p. 9-21.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352916,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/26867"}],"otherGeospatial":"Caribbean Sea","volume":"54","issue":"Supplement 3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aafc6e4b0c8380cd8779a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrison, V.H.","contributorId":70731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"V.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foreman, W.T.","contributorId":94684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Genualdi, S.","contributorId":35933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genualdi","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffin, Dale W.","contributorId":23668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kellogg, C.A.","contributorId":13408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Majewski, M.S.","contributorId":88501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majewski","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mohammed, A.","contributorId":89711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mohammed","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ramsubhag, A.","contributorId":85766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsubhag","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Shinn, E.A.","contributorId":38610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Simonich, S.L.","contributorId":99361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simonich","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Smith, G.W.","contributorId":6561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70028649,"text":"70028649 - 2006 - Aquatic toxicity of nine aircraft deicer and anti-icer formulations and relative toxicity of additive package ingredients alkylphenol ethoxylates and 4,5-methyl-1H-benzotriazoles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028649","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aquatic toxicity of nine aircraft deicer and anti-icer formulations and relative toxicity of additive package ingredients alkylphenol ethoxylates and 4,5-methyl-1H-benzotriazoles","docAbstract":"Characterization of the effects of aircraft deicer and anti-icer fluid (ADAF) runoff on aquatic organisms in receiving streams is a complex issue because the identities of numerous toxic additives are proprietary and not publicly available. Most potentially toxic and endocrine disrupting effects caused by ADAF are due to the numerous additive package ingredients which vary among manufacturers and types of ADAF formulation. Toxicity investigations of nine ADAF formulations indicate that endpoint concentrations for formulations of different manufacturers are widely variable. Type IV ADAF (anti-icers) are more toxic than Type I (deicers) for the four organisms tested (Vibrio fischeri, Pimephales promelas, Ceriodaphnia dubia, and Selenastrum capricornutum). Acute toxicity endpoint concentrations ranged from 347 to 7700 mg/L as ADAF for Type IV and from 1550 to 45 100 mg/L for Type I formulations. Chronic endpoint concentrations ranged from 70 to 1300 mg/L for Type IV and from 37 to 18 400 mg/L for Type I formulations. Alkylphenol ethoxylates and tolyltriazoles are two known classes of additives. Nonylphenol, nonylphenol ethoxylates, octylphenol, octylphenol ethoxylates, and 4,5-methyl-1H-benzotriazoles were quantified in the nine ADAF formulations, and toxicity tests were conducted with nonylphenol ethoxylates and 4,5-methyl-1H-benzotriazoles. Toxicity units computed for glycol and these additives, with respect to toxicity of the ADAF formulations, indicate that a portion of ADAF toxicity can be explained by the known additives and glycols, but much of the toxicity is due to unidentified additives. ?? 2006 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es0603608","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Corsi, S., Geis, S., Loyo-Rosales, J.E., and Rice, C., 2006, Aquatic toxicity of nine aircraft deicer and anti-icer formulations and relative toxicity of additive package ingredients alkylphenol ethoxylates and 4,5-methyl-1H-benzotriazoles: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 23, p. 7409-7415, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0603608.","startPage":"7409","endPage":"7415","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209947,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0603608"},{"id":236713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed14e4b0c8380cd495f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corsi, S.R.","contributorId":76346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corsi","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geis, S.W.","contributorId":86538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geis","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loyo-Rosales, J. E.","contributorId":66043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loyo-Rosales","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rice, C.P.","contributorId":81065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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