Tritium/helium-3 (3H/3He) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were investigated as environmental tracers in ground water from Jeju Island (Republic of Korea), a basaltic volcanic island. Ground-water mixing was evaluated by comparing 3H and CFC-12 concentrations with lumped-parameter dispersion models, which distinguished old water recharged before the 1950s with negligible 3H and CFC-12 from younger water. Low 3H levels in a considerable number of samples cannot be explained by the mixing models, and were interpreted as binary mixing of old and younger water; a process also identified in alkalinity and pH of ground water. The ground-water CFC-12 age is much older in water from wells completed in confined zones of the hydro-volcanic Seogwipo Formation in coastal areas than in water from the basaltic aquifer. Major cation concentrations are much higher in young water with high nitrate than those in uncontaminated old water. Chemical evolution of ground water resulting from silicate weathering in basaltic rocks reaches the zeolite–smectite phase boundary. The calcite saturation state of ground water increases with the CFC-12 apparent (piston flow) age. In agricultural areas, the temporal trend of nitrate concentration in ground water is consistent with the known history of chemical fertilizer use on the island, but increase of nitrate concentration in ground water is more abrupt after the late 1970s compared with the exponential growth of nitrogen inputs.
The collapse of a pyrite-mining, tailing dam on 1998 contaminated an area of 4286 ha along the Agrio and Guadiamar river valleys in southern Spain. Over 2700 ha of the Doñana marshes, an important wintering area for wetland European birds, were contaminated. This study reports analyses of the tubers of Scirpus maritimus (an important food for greylag geese, Anser anser) collected in 2000 in the “Entremuros” (spill-affected area) and in nearby unaffected Doñana marshes (control areas). In the spill-affected area mean tuber tissue concentrations of Cd (0.25 mg kg−1) and Zn (61 mg kg−1) were greater than in those tubers from the control area (0.02 mg kg−1 for Cd, and 22 mg kg−1 for Zn); values of Cd and Zn in “Entremuros” (samples collected two years after the mine spill) were much smaller than those reported only a few months after the accident. Trace elements (As, Fe, Mn and Tl, and to a lesser extent Cd and Pb) showed a preferential accumulation in the outer skin of tubers. Surprisingly, concentrations of As and Fe were greater in tubers from some marsh sites not affected by the mine-spill than in tubers from the “Entremuros”. We suggest that relic river channels within the Doñana marshes may be contaminated by trace elements from historic mining activities. An exhaustive study of macrophytes and other plant species in this area is recommended to identify potential risks to wildlife.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.11.032","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Madejon, P., Murillo, J., Maranon, T., Espinar, J.L., and Cabrera, F., 2006, Accumulation of As, Cd and selected trace elements in tubers of Scirpus aritimus L. from Doñana marshes (South Spain): Chemosphere, v. 64, no. 5, p. 742-748, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.11.032.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"742","endPage":"748","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210016,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.11.032"}],"volume":"64","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e67fe4b0c8380cd47445","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madejon, P.","contributorId":63213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madejon","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murillo, J.M.","contributorId":78141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murillo","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maranon, T.","contributorId":45500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maranon","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Espinar, J. L.","contributorId":45105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Espinar","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cabrera, F.","contributorId":42770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cabrera","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028084,"text":"70028084 - 2006 - Temporal organization of an anuran acoustic community in a Taiwanese subtropical forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028084","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2515,"text":"Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal organization of an anuran acoustic community in a Taiwanese subtropical forest","docAbstract":"We recorded anuran vocalizations in each of four habitats at Lien Hua Chih Field Station, Taiwan, between July 2000 and July 2001. For each 27 biweekly sample, eight recorders taped calls for 1 min out of every 11 between the hours of 17:00 and 07:00. We obtained 11 481 recordings with calls, and identified 21 503 frogs or groups of frogs. These included 20 species, with an average of 10.4??3.5 species calling each night. Some species called year round, others called in the spring and summer, and a third group called only in the fall and winter. The number of species calling and the maximum calling intensity were correlated with both rainfall and air temperature. The nightly pattern of calling varied among species. Most species called continuously throughout the night, whereas some had a peak right after dusk. A few species had different nightly calling patterns in different habitats. Both Rana limnocharis and Rana kuhlii changed their calling pattern in the presence of large choruses of other anuran species. ?? 2006 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00044.x","issn":"09528369","usgsCitation":"Hsu, M., Kam, Y., and Fellers, G.M., 2006, Temporal organization of an anuran acoustic community in a Taiwanese subtropical forest: Journal of Zoology, v. 269, no. 3, p. 331-339, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00044.x.","startPage":"331","endPage":"339","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210117,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00044.x"},{"id":236943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"269","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba512e4b08c986b3207ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hsu, M.-Y.","contributorId":68952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsu","given":"M.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kam, Y.-C.","contributorId":66468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kam","given":"Y.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fellers, G. M.","contributorId":82653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028075,"text":"70028075 - 2006 - Detection and quantification of Renibacterium salmoninarum DNA in salmonid tissues by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T16:11:11","indexId":"70028075","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2492,"text":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection and quantification of Renibacterium salmoninarum DNA in salmonid tissues by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis","docAbstract":"Renibacterium salmoninarum is an important salmonid pathogen that is difficult to culture. We developed and assessed a real-time, quantitative, polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for the detection and enumeration of R. salmoninarum. The qPCR is based on TaqMan technology and amplifies a 69-base pair (bp) region of the gene encoding the major soluble antigen (MSA) of R. salmoninarum. The qPCR assay consistently detected as few as 5 R. salmoninarum cells per reaction in kidney tissue. The specificity of the qPCR was confirmed by testing the DNA extracts from a panel of microorganisms that were either common fish pathogens or reported to cause false-positive reactions in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Kidney samples from 38 juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in a naturally infected population were examined by real-time qPCR, a nested PCR, and ELISA, and prevalences of R. salmoninarum detected were 71, 66, and 71%, respectively. The qPCR should be a valuable tool for evaluating the R. salmoninarum infection status of salmonids.
","language":"English","publisher":"Sage Journals","doi":"10.1177/104063870601800409","issn":"10406387","usgsCitation":"Chase, D., Elliott, D., and Pascho, R., 2006, Detection and quantification of Renibacterium salmoninarum DNA in salmonid tissues by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis: Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, v. 18, no. 4, p. 375-380, https://doi.org/10.1177/104063870601800409.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"380","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477404,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/104063870601800409","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff69e4b0c8380cd4f189","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chase, D.M.","contributorId":50317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, D.G.","contributorId":58226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pascho, R.J.","contributorId":65796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pascho","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028054,"text":"70028054 - 2006 - Radiometric ages of the Fire Clay tonstein [Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous), Westphalian, Duckmantian]: A comparison of U-Pb zircon single-crystal ages and 40Ar/39Ar sanidine single-crystal plateau ages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028054","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiometric ages of the Fire Clay tonstein [Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous), Westphalian, Duckmantian]: A comparison of U-Pb zircon single-crystal ages and 40Ar/39Ar sanidine single-crystal plateau ages","docAbstract":"The Fire Clay tonstein [Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous), Westphalian Series, Duckmantian Stage]-a kaolinized, volcanic-ash deposit occurring in Kentucky, West Virginia, Tennessee, and Virginia-is the most widespread bed in the Middle Pennsylvanian of the central Appalachian basin, USA. A concordant single-crystal U-Pb zircon datum for this tonstein gives a 206Pb/238U age of 314.6 ?? 0.9 Ma (2??). This age is in approximate agreement with a mean sanidine plateau age of 311.5 ?? 1.3 Ma (1??, n = 11) for the Fire Clay tonstein. The difference between the two ages may be due to bias between the 40K and 238U decay constants and other factors. The age of the Fire Clay tonstein has important implications for Duckmantian Stage (Westphalian Series) sedimentation rates, correlations with the Westphalian Series of Europe, Middle Pennsylvanian volcanic events, and the late Paleozoic time scale. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2005.12.002","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Lyons, P., Krogh, T., Kwok, Y., Davis, D., Outerbridge, W., and Evans, H.T., 2006, Radiometric ages of the Fire Clay tonstein [Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous), Westphalian, Duckmantian]: A comparison of U-Pb zircon single-crystal ages and 40Ar/39Ar sanidine single-crystal plateau ages: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 67, no. 4, p. 259-266, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.12.002.","startPage":"259","endPage":"266","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210172,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.12.002"},{"id":237013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9407e4b0c8380cd8116a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, P.C.","contributorId":87285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krogh, T.E.","contributorId":18915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krogh","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kwok, Y.Y.","contributorId":51970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwok","given":"Y.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, D.W.","contributorId":67945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Outerbridge, W.F.","contributorId":58646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Outerbridge","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Evans, H. T. Jr.","contributorId":41859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028074,"text":"70028074 - 2006 - Multidecadal climate variability of global lands and oceans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028074","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2032,"text":"International Journal of Climatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multidecadal climate variability of global lands and oceans","docAbstract":"Principal components analysis (PCA) and singular value decomposition (SVD) are used to identify the primary modes of decadal and multidecadal variability in annual global Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) values and sea-surface temperature (SSTs). The PDSI and SST data for 1925-2003 were detrended and smoothed (with a 10-year moving average) to isolate the decadal and multidecadal variability. The first two principal components (PCs) of the PDSI PCA explained almost 38% of the decadal and multidecadal variance in the detrended and smoothed global annual PDSI data. The first two PCs of detrended and smoothed global annual SSTs explained nearly 56% of the decadal variability in global SSTs. The PDSI PCs and the SST PCs are directly correlated in a pairwise fashion. The first PDSI and SST PCs reflect variability of the detrended and smoothed annual Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), as well as detrended and smoothed annual Indian Ocean SSTs. The second set of PCs is strongly associated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). The SVD analysis of the cross-covariance of the PDSI and SST data confirmed the close link between the PDSI and SST modes of decadal and multidecadal variation and provided a verification of the PCA results. These findings indicate that the major modes of multidecadal variations in SSTs and land-surface climate conditions are highly interrelated through a small number of spatially complex but slowly varying teleconnections. Therefore, these relations may be adaptable to providing improved baseline conditions for seasonal climate forecasting. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Climatology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/joc.1289","issn":"08998418","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Palecki, M., 2006, Multidecadal climate variability of global lands and oceans: International Journal of Climatology, v. 26, no. 7, p. 849-865, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1289.","startPage":"849","endPage":"865","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210418,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.1289"},{"id":237328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a601fe4b0c8380cd712e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palecki, M.A.","contributorId":74489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palecki","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028072,"text":"70028072 - 2006 - Hurricanes, submarine groundwater discharge, and Florida's red tides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028072","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hurricanes, submarine groundwater discharge, and Florida's red tides","docAbstract":"A Karenia brevis Harmful Algal Bloom affected coastal waters shallower than 50 m off west-central Florida from January 2005 through January 2006, showing a sustained anomaly of ???1 mg chlorophyll m-3 over an area of up to 67,500 km2. Red tides occur in the same area (approximately 26-29??N, 82-83??W) almost every year, but the intense 2005 bloom led to a widespread hypoxic zone (dissolved oxygen <2 mg L-1) that caused mortalities of benthic communities, fish, turtles, birds, and marine mammals. Runoff alone provided insufficient nitrogen to support this bloom. We pose the hypothesis that submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) provides the missing nutrients, and indeed can trigger and support the recurrent red tides off west-central Florida. SGD inputs of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in Tampa Bay alone are ???35% of that discharged by all central Florida rivers draining west combined. We propose that the unusual number of hurricanes in 2004 resulted in high runoff, and in higher than normal SGD emerging along the west Florida coast throughout 2005, initiating and fueling the persistent HAB. This mechanism may also explain recurrent red tides in other coastal regions of the Gulf of Mexico. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005GL025449","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Hu, C., Muller-Karger, F., and Swarzenski, P., 2006, Hurricanes, submarine groundwater discharge, and Florida's red tides: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025449.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477369,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl025449","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210391,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025449"}],"volume":"33","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32bae4b0c8380cd5ea1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hu, C.","contributorId":75748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muller-Karger, F. E.","contributorId":84542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller-Karger","given":"F. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028070,"text":"70028070 - 2006 - Flooding on California's Russian River: Role of atmospheric rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T13:14:53","indexId":"70028070","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flooding on California's Russian River: Role of atmospheric rivers","docAbstract":"Experimental observations collected during meteorological field studies conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration near the Russian River of coastal northern California are combined with SSM/I satellite observations offshore to examine the role of landfalling atmospheric rivers in the creation of flooding. While recent studies have documented the characteristics and importance of narrow regions of strong meridional water vapor transport over the eastern Pacific Ocean (recently referred to as atmospheric rivers), this study describes their impact when they strike the U.S. West Coast. A detailed case study is presented, along with an assessment of all 7 floods on the Russian River since the experimental data were first available in October 1997. In all 7 floods, atmospheric river conditions were present and caused heavy rainfall through orographic precipitation. Not only do atmospheric rivers play a crucial role in the global water budget, they can also lead to heavy coastal rainfall and flooding, and thus represent a key phenomenon linkingweather and climate. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006GL026689","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Ralph, F., Neiman, P., Wick, G., Gutman, S., Dettinger, M.D., Cayan, D., and White, A., 2006, Flooding on California's Russian River: Role of atmospheric rivers: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, no. 13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026689.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487562,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl026689","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210363,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026689"}],"volume":"33","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1188e4b0c8380cd54018","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ralph, F.M.","contributorId":39174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neiman, P.J.","contributorId":14991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neiman","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wick, G.A.","contributorId":22958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wick","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gutman, S.I.","contributorId":25748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutman","given":"S.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":416408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":416405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"White, A.B.","contributorId":45878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028067,"text":"70028067 - 2006 - Shallow stratigraphy and sedimentation history during high-frequency sea-level changes on the central California shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028067","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow stratigraphy and sedimentation history during high-frequency sea-level changes on the central California shelf","docAbstract":"Analyses of high-resolution seismic-reflection data and sediment cores indicate that an extensive sediment deposit on the central California continental shelf is comprised of several late-Pleistocene to Holocene age facies. Offshore of the littoral zone, in water depths of 30-90 m, a 3-6 m thick veneer of fine sediment referred to as the mid-shelf mudbelt has formed along 50-100 km of the coast. The mudbelt drapes a parasequence characterized by prograding clinoforms that in places overlies a 1-3 m thick basal transgressive lag deposit. These facies overlie a prominent erosional unconformity that extends from the shore to the outer shelf. Eighteen calibrated 14CAMS ages of marine molluscs and terrestrial wood detritus sampled in cores range 15,800 yr BP to modern indicating a postglacial age for these sediments (one >55,000 yr BP represents relict sand). We model accumulation of these facies using (1) the topography of the underlying erosional unconformity interpreted from seismic reflection profiles, (2) observed sediment facies (grain size) distribution across the shelf (a proxy for wave/current sediment partitioning), and published estimates of (3) eustatic sea-level history, and (4) regional tectonics. Our model and data indicate that deposition of the transgressive lag began during early, slow postglacial sea-level rise and that a notable change in depositional environment occurred across an area of more than 200 km2 of the outer shelf likely in response to abrupt drowning during Meltwater Pulse 1B (11,500 yr BP). We propose that rapid progradation of clinoforms may have occurred during transgression because of the unique interaction of modest rates of sediment input and tectonic uplift, variable rates of eustatic sea-level rise and a complex stepped antecedent topography.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2006.04.001","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Grossman, E.E., Eittreim, S., Field, M., and Wong, F.L., 2006, Shallow stratigraphy and sedimentation history during high-frequency sea-level changes on the central California shelf: Continental Shelf Research, v. 26, no. 10, p. 1217-1239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2006.04.001.","startPage":"1217","endPage":"1239","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210333,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2006.04.001"}],"volume":"26","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e3be4b08c986b3187e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grossman, E. E.","contributorId":96046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eittreim, S.L.","contributorId":98730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eittreim","given":"S.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wong, F. L.","contributorId":87515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028052,"text":"70028052 - 2006 - Earthquakes triggered by silent slip events on Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-13T12:58:30","indexId":"70028052","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes triggered by silent slip events on Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Slow-slip events, or ‘silent earthquakes’, have recently been discovered in a number of subduction zones including the Nankai trough1, 2, 3 in Japan, Cascadia4, 5, and Guerrero6 in Mexico, but the depths of these events have been difficult to determine from surface deformation measurements. Although it is assumed that these silent earthquakes are located along the plate megathrust, this has not been proved. Slow slip in some subduction zones is associated with non-volcanic tremor7, 8, but tremor is difficult to locate and may be distributed over a broad depth range9. Except for some events on the San Andreas fault10, slow-slip events have not yet been associated with high-frequency earthquakes, which are easily located. Here we report on swarms of high-frequency earthquakes that accompany otherwise silent slips on Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii. For the most energetic event, in January 2005, the slow slip began before the increase in seismicity. The temporal evolution of earthquakes is well explained by increased stressing caused by slow slip, implying that the earthquakes are triggered. The earthquakes, located at depths of 7–8 km, constrain the slow slip to be at comparable depths, because they must fall in zones of positive Coulomb stress change. Triggered earthquakes accompanying slow-slip events elsewhere might go undetected if background seismicity rates are low. Detection of such events would help constrain the depth of slow slip, and could lead to a method for quantifying the increased hazard during slow-slip events, because triggered events have the potential to grow into destructive earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/nature04938","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Segall, P., Desmarais, E.K., Shelly, D., Mikijus, A., and Cervelli, P.F., 2006, Earthquakes triggered by silent slip events on Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii: Nature, v. 442, no. 7098, p. 71-74, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04938.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"74","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210146,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04938"}],"volume":"442","issue":"7098","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a052ae4b0c8380cd50caa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Segall, Paul","contributorId":75942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segall","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Desmarais, Emily K.","contributorId":108307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desmarais","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shelly, David","contributorId":73805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mikijus, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":80431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikijus","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cervelli, Peter F. 0000-0001-6765-1009 pcervelli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6765-1009","contributorId":1936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cervelli","given":"Peter","email":"pcervelli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028066,"text":"70028066 - 2006 - Niche evolution and adaptive radiation: Testing the order of trait divergence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028066","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Niche evolution and adaptive radiation: Testing the order of trait divergence","docAbstract":"In the course of an adaptive radiation, the evolution of niche parameters is of particular interest for understanding modes of speciation and the consequences for coexistence of related species within communities. We pose a general question: In the course of an evolutionary radiation, do traits related to within-community niche differences (?? niche) evolve before or after differentiation of macrohabitat affinity or climatic tolerances (?? niche)? Here we introduce a new test to address this question, based on a modification of the method of independent contrasts. The divergence order test (DOT) is based on the average age of the nodes on a tree, weighted by the absolute magnitude of the contrast at each node for a particular trait. The comparison of these weighted averages reveals whether large divergences for one trait have occurred earlier or later in the course of diversification, relative to a second trait; significance is determined by bootstrapping from maximum-likelihood ancestral state reconstructions. The method is applied to the evolution of Ceanothus, a woody plant group in California, in which co-occurring species exhibit significant differences in a key leaf trait (specific leaf area) associated with contrasting physiological and life history strategies. Co-occurring species differ more for this trait than expected under a null model of community assembly. This ?? niche difference evolved early in the divergence of two major subclades within Ceanothus, whereas climatic distributions (?? niche traits) diversified later within each of the subclades. However, rapid evolution of climate parameters makes inferences of early divergence events highly uncertain, and differentiation of the ?? niche might have taken place throughout the evolution of the group, without leaving a clear phylogenetic signal. Similar patterns observed in several plant and animal groups suggest that early divergence of ?? niche traits might be a common feature of niche evolution in many adaptive radiations. ?? 2006 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Ackerly, D., Schwilk, D., and Webb, C., 2006, Niche evolution and adaptive radiation: Testing the order of trait divergence: Ecology, v. 87, no. 7 SUPPL.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"7 SUPPL.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6637e4b0c8380cd72d55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerly, D. D.","contributorId":94077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ackerly","given":"D. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwilk, D.W.","contributorId":29770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwilk","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webb, C.O.","contributorId":57255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"C.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028064,"text":"70028064 - 2006 - Comparing mean high water and high water line shorelines: Should prosy-datum offsets be incorporated into shoreline change analysis?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028064","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing mean high water and high water line shorelines: Should prosy-datum offsets be incorporated into shoreline change analysis?","docAbstract":"More than one type of shoreline indicator can be used in shoreline change analyses, and quantifying the effects of this practice on the resulting shoreline change rates is important. Comparison of three high water line (proxy-based) shorelines and a mean high water intercept (datum-based) shoreline collected from simultaneous aerial photographic and lidar surveys of a relatively steep reflective beach (tan ?? = 0.07), which experiences a moderately energetic wave climate (annual average Hs = 1.2 m), reveals an average horizontal offset of 18.8 m between the two types of shoreline indicators. Vertical offsets are also substantial and are correlated with foreshore beach slope and corresponding variations in wave runup. Incorporating the average horizontal offset into both a short-term, endpoint shoreline change analysis and a long-term, linear regression analysis causes rates to be shifted an average of -0.5 m/y and -0.1 m/y, respectively. The rate shift increases with increasing horizontal offset and decreasing measurement intervals and, depending on the rapidity of shoreline change rates, is responsible for varying degrees of analysis error. Our results demonstrate that under many circumstances, the error attributable to proxy-datum offsets is small relative to shoreline change rates and thus not important. Furthermore, we find that when the error associated with proxy-datum offsets is large enough to be important, the shoreline change rates themselves are not likely to be significant. A total water level model reveals that the high water line digitized by three independent coastal labs for this study was generated by a combination of large waves and a high tide several days before the collection of aerial photography. This illustrates the complexity of the high water line as a shoreline indicator and calls into question traditional definitions, which consider the high water line a wetted bound or \"marks left by the previous high tide.\".","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2112/04-0401.1","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Moore, L.J., Ruggiero, P., and List, J.H., 2006, Comparing mean high water and high water line shorelines: Should prosy-datum offsets be incorporated into shoreline change analysis?: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 22, no. 4, p. 894-905, https://doi.org/10.2112/04-0401.1.","startPage":"894","endPage":"905","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210280,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/04-0401.1"},{"id":237155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f836e4b0c8380cd4cf4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, L. J.","contributorId":53132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruggiero, P.","contributorId":25995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggiero","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"List, J. H.","contributorId":70406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028056,"text":"70028056 - 2006 - Calcite-graphite thermometry of the Franklin Marble, New Jersey Highlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028056","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calcite-graphite thermometry of the Franklin Marble, New Jersey Highlands","docAbstract":"We present new stable-isotope data for the Mesoproterozoic Franklin Marble from outcrops along an 80-km traverse parallel to and across strike of the structural grain of the western New Jersey Highlands. Calcite and dolomite from marble have an average ??13C of 0.35??? ?? 0.73??? PDB (n = 46) and a more limited range than other Mesoproterozoic marbles from the Adirondacks and the Canadian Grenville Province. The small range of ??13C values from the New Jersey samples is consistent with the preservation of a primary marine isotopic signature and limited postdepositional isotopic modification, except proximal to Zn or Fe ore deposits and fault zones. Fractionations between calcite and well-formed graphite (??13C[Cal-Gr]) for analyzed Franklin Marble samples average 3.31???. ?? 0.25??? (n = 34), and dolomite-graphite fractionations average 3.07??? ?? 0.30??? (n = 6). Taken together, these indicate an average temperature of 769?? ?? 43??C during metamorphism associated with the Ottawan Orogeny in the New Jersey Highlands. Thus, carbon isotope fractionations demonstrate that the Franklin Marble was metamorphosed at granulite facies conditions. Metamorphic temperatures are relatively constant for the area sampled and overprint the metamorphosed carbonatehosted Zn-Fe-Mn ore deposits. The results of this study support recent work proposing that pressure and temperature conditions during Ottawan orogenesis did not vary greatly across faults that partition the Highlands into structural blocks. ?? 2006 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1086/504181","issn":"00221376","usgsCitation":"Peck, W., Volkert, R., Meredith, M., and Rader, E., 2006, Calcite-graphite thermometry of the Franklin Marble, New Jersey Highlands: Journal of Geology, v. 114, no. 4, p. 485-499, https://doi.org/10.1086/504181.","startPage":"485","endPage":"499","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210199,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/504181"},{"id":237048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2f6e4b0c8380cd4b4f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peck, W.H.","contributorId":74566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Volkert, R.A.","contributorId":90799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Volkert","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meredith, M.T.","contributorId":40406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meredith","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rader, E.L.","contributorId":84558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rader","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028063,"text":"70028063 - 2006 - Influence of propagule flotation longevity and light availability on establishment of introduced mangrove species in Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T12:29:07","indexId":"70028063","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of propagule flotation longevity and light availability on establishment of introduced mangrove species in Hawai'i","docAbstract":"Although no mangrove species are native to the Hawaiian Archipelago, both Rbizopbora mangle and Bruguiera sexangula were introduced and have become naturalized. Rbizopbora mangle has spread to almost every major Hawaiian island, but B. sexangula has established only on O'ahu, where it was intentionally introduced. To examine the possibility that differences in propagule characteristics maintain these patterns of distribution, we first reviewed the literature on surface currents around the Hawaiian Islands, which suggest that propagules ought to disperse frequently from one island to another within 60. days. We then tested the ability of propagules of the two species to float for periods of up to 63 days and to establish under two light intensities. On average, R. mangle propagules floated for longer periods than those of B. sexangula, but at least some propagules of both species floated for a full 60 days and then rooted and grew for 4 months under relatively dense shade. A large percentage (???83%) of R. mangle propagules would be expected to float beyond 60 days, and approximately 10% of B. sexangula propagules also would have remained afloat. Therefore, it seems likely that factors other than flotation ability are responsible for the failure of B. sexangula to become established on other Hawaiian islands.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawaii Press","doi":"10.1353/psc.2006.0015","issn":"00308870","usgsCitation":"Allen, J.A., and Krauss, K., 2006, Influence of propagule flotation longevity and light availability on establishment of introduced mangrove species in Hawai'i: Pacific Science, v. 60, no. 3, p. 367-376, https://doi.org/10.1353/psc.2006.0015.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477566,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10125/22572","text":"External Repository"},{"id":237154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"60","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b69e4b0c8380cd624f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, J. A.","contributorId":82644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krauss, K. W. 0000-0003-2195-0729","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":19517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"K. W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028057,"text":"70028057 - 2006 - Spatial epidemiology of chronic wasting disease in Wisconsin white-tailed deer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-12T15:42:23","indexId":"70028057","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial epidemiology of chronic wasting disease in Wisconsin white-tailed deer","docAbstract":"Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal, emerging disease of cervids associated with transmissible protease-resistant prion proteins. The potential for CWD to cause dramatic declines in deer and elk populations and perceived human health risks associated with consuming CWD-contaminated venison have led wildlife agencies to embark on extensive CWD control programs, typically involving culling to reduce deer populations. We characterized the spatial distribution of CWD in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Wisconsin to facilitate CWD management. We found that CWD prevalence declined with distance from a central location, was locally correlated at a scale of 3.6 km, and was correlated with deer habitat abundance. The latter result is consistent with patterns expected for a positive relationship between density and prevalence of CWD. We recommend management activities focused on culling in geographic areas with high prevalence to have the greatest probability of removing infected individuals. Further research is needed to elucidate the factors in envolved in CWD spread and infection rates, especially the role of density-dependent transmission. ?? Wildlife Disease Association 2006.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Joly, D., Samuel, M., Langenberg, J., Blanchong, J.A., Batha, C., Rolley, R., Keane, D., and Ribic, C., 2006, Spatial epidemiology of chronic wasting disease in Wisconsin white-tailed deer: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 42, no. 3, p. 578-588.","startPage":"578","endPage":"588","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9479e4b08c986b31aae9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joly, D.O.","contributorId":48131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joly","given":"D.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Samuel, M.D.","contributorId":13910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langenberg, J.A.","contributorId":91055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenberg","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blanchong, Julie A.","contributorId":6030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blanchong","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13018,"text":"Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":416363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Batha, C.A.","contributorId":102042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batha","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rolley, R.E.","contributorId":15986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rolley","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Keane, D.P.","contributorId":14626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keane","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ribic, C. A. 0000-0003-2583-1778","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":6026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70028062,"text":"70028062 - 2006 - Abundance of adult horseshoe crabs (Limulus polylphemus) in Delaware Bay estimated from a bay-wide mark-recapture study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T00:02:29.681845","indexId":"70028062","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1663,"text":"Fishery Bulletin","printIssn":"0090-0656","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Abundance of adult horseshoe crabs (Limulus polylphemus) in Delaware Bay estimated from a bay-wide mark-recapture study","title":"Abundance of adult horseshoe crabs (Limulus polylphemus) in Delaware Bay estimated from a bay-wide mark-recapture study","docAbstract":"Estimates of the abundance of American horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) are important to determine egg production and to manage populations for the energetic needs of shorebirds that feed on horseshoe crab eggs. In 2003, over 17,500 horseshoe crabs were tagged and released throughout Delaware Bay, and recaptured crabs came from spawning surveys that were conducted during peak spawning. We used two release cohorts to test for a temporary effect of tagging on spawning behavior and we adjusted the number of releases according to relocation rates from a telemetry study. The abundance estimate was 20 million horseshoe crabs (90% confidence interval: 13-28 million), of which 6.25 million (90% CI: 4.0-8.8 million) were females. The combined harvest rate for Delaware, New Jersey, Virginia, and Maryland in 2003 was 4% (90% CI: 3-6%) of the abundance estimate. Over-wintering of adults in Delaware Bay could explain, in part, differences in estimates from ocean-trawl surveys. Based on fecundity of 88,000 eggs per female, egg production was 5.5??1011 (90% CI: 3.5??1011, 7.7??1011), but egg availability for shorebirds also depended on overlap between horseshoe crab and shorebird migrations, density-dependent bioturbation, and wave-mediated vertical transport.","language":"English","publisher":"NOAA","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Millard, M.J., and Eyler, S., 2006, Abundance of adult horseshoe crabs (Limulus polylphemus) in Delaware Bay estimated from a bay-wide mark-recapture study: Fishery Bulletin, v. 104, no. 3, p. 456-464.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"456","endPage":"464","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267987,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/content/abundance-adult-horseshoe-crabs-limulus-polylphemus-delaware-bay-estimated-bay-wide-mark"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.6134033203125,\n 38.70694605159386\n ],\n [\n -74.849853515625,\n 38.70694605159386\n ],\n [\n -74.849853515625,\n 39.53370327008705\n ],\n [\n -75.6134033203125,\n 39.53370327008705\n ],\n [\n -75.6134033203125,\n 38.70694605159386\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e65de4b0c8380cd4737e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":416382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millard, M. J.","contributorId":40555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Millard","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eyler, S.","contributorId":7487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eyler","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028043,"text":"70028043 - 2006 - Flow and form in rehabilitation of large-river ecosystems: an example from the Lower Missouri River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-18T15:30:54","indexId":"70028043","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow and form in rehabilitation of large-river ecosystems: an example from the Lower Missouri River","docAbstract":"On large, intensively engineered rivers like the Lower Missouri, the template of the physical habitat is determined by the nearly independent interaction of channel form and flow regime. We evaluated the interaction between flow and form by modeling four combinations of modern and historical channel form and modern and historical flow regimes. The analysis used shallow, slow water (shallow-water habitat, SWH, defined as depths between 0 and 1.5 m, and current velocities between 0 and 0.75 m/s) as an indicator of habitat that has been lost on many intensively engineered rivers and one that is thought to be especially important in rearing of young fishes. Two-dimensional hydrodynamic models for modern and historical channels of the Lower Missouri River at Hermann, Missouri, indicate substantial differences between the two channels in total availability and spatial characteristics of SWH. In the modern channel, SWH is maximized at extremely low flows and in overbank flows, whereas the historical channel had substantially more SWH at all discharges and SWH increased with increasing discharge. The historical channel form produced 3-7 times the SWH area of the modern channel regardless of flow regime. The effect of flow regime is evident in increased within-year SWH variability with the natural flow regime, including significant seasonal peaks of SWH associated with spring flooding. Comparison with other reaches along the Lower Missouri River indicates that a) channel form is the dominant control of the availability of habitat even in reaches where the hydrograph is more intensively altered, and b) rehabilitation projects that move toward the historical condition can be successful in increasing topographic diversity and thereby decreasing sensitivity of the availability of habitat to flow regime. The relative efficacy of managing flow and form in creating SWH is useful information toward achieving socially acceptable rehabilitation of the ecosystem in large river systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.01.014","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R., and Galat, D., 2006, Flow and form in rehabilitation of large-river ecosystems: an example from the Lower Missouri River: Geomorphology, v. 77, no. 3-4, p. 249-269, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.01.014.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"269","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210036,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.01.014"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1237e4b0c8380cd5420c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, R. B. 0000-0002-8368-2064","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":92614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galat, D.L.","contributorId":54546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galat","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028045,"text":"70028045 - 2006 - Introduction of translation stop codons into the viral glycoprotein gene in a fish DNA vaccine eliminates induction of protective immunity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T16:39:48","indexId":"70028045","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2661,"text":"Marine Biotechnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction of translation stop codons into the viral glycoprotein gene in a fish DNA vaccine eliminates induction of protective immunity","docAbstract":"A highly efficacious DNA vaccine against a fish rhabdovirus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), was mutated to introduce two stop codons to prevent glycoprotein translation while maintaining the plasmid DNA integrity and RNA transcription ability. The mutated plasmid vaccine, denoted pIHNw-G2stop, when injected intramuscularly into fish at high doses, lacked detectable glycoprotein expression in the injection site muscle, and did not provide protection against lethal virus challenge 7 days post-vaccination. These results suggest that the G-protein itself is required to stimulate the early protective antiviral response observed after vaccination with the nonmutated parental DNA vaccine. ?? Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2006.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s10126-005-5154-6","issn":"14362228","usgsCitation":"Garver, K., Conway, C.M., and Kurath, G., 2006, Introduction of translation stop codons into the viral glycoprotein gene in a fish DNA vaccine eliminates induction of protective immunity: Marine Biotechnology, v. 8, no. 4, p. 351-356, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-005-5154-6.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"351","endPage":"356","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210063,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10126-005-5154-6"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3de5e4b0c8380cd63919","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garver, K.A.","contributorId":42766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garver","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, C. M.","contributorId":15605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":100522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028047,"text":"70028047 - 2006 - Evolution of fracture and fault-controlled fluid pathways in carbonates of the Albanides fold-thrust belt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028047","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of fracture and fault-controlled fluid pathways in carbonates of the Albanides fold-thrust belt","docAbstract":"The process of fracture and fault formation in carbonates of the Albanides fold-thrust belt has been systematically documented using hierarchical development of structural elements from hand sample, outcrop, and geologic-map scales. The function of fractures and faults in fluid migration was elucidated using calcite cement and bitumen in these structures as a paleoflow indicator. Two prefolding pressure-solution and vein assemblages were identified: an overburden assemblage and a remote tectonic stress assemblage. Sheared layer-parallel pressure-solution surfaces of the overburden assemblage define mechanical layers. Shearing of mechanical layers associated with folding resulted in the formation of a series of folding assemblage fractures at different orientations, depending on the slip direction of individual mechanical layers. Prefolding- and folding-related fracture assemblages together formed fragmentation zones in mechanical layers and are the sites of incipient fault localization. Further deformation along these sites was accommodated by rotation and translation of fragmented rock, which formed breccia and facilitated fault offset across multiple mechanical layers. Strike-slip faults formed by this process are organized in two sets in an apparent conjugate pattern. Calcite cement and bitumen that accumulated along fractures and faults are evidence of localized fluid flow along fault zones. By systematic identification of fractures and faults, their evolution, and their fluid and bitumen contents, along with subsurface core and well-log data, we identify northeast-southwest-trending strike-slip faults and the associated structures as dominant fluid pathways in the Albanides fold-thrust belt. Copyright ?? 2006. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1306/03280604014","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"Graham, W.B., Girbacea, R., Mesonjesi, A., and Aydin, A., 2006, Evolution of fracture and fault-controlled fluid pathways in carbonates of the Albanides fold-thrust belt: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 90, no. 8, p. 1227-1249, https://doi.org/10.1306/03280604014.","startPage":"1227","endPage":"1249","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210090,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/03280604014"},{"id":236906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d80e4b0c8380cd53068","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, Wall B.R.","contributorId":105111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Wall","email":"","middleInitial":"B.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Girbacea, R.","contributorId":71374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Girbacea","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mesonjesi, A.","contributorId":53149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesonjesi","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aydin, A.","contributorId":33898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aydin","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175707,"text":"70175707 - 2006 - Tracking the movements of Denali's wolves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T10:30:24","indexId":"70175707","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":691,"text":"Alaska Park Science","printIssn":"1545- 496","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracking the movements of Denali's wolves","docAbstract":"The wolves of Denali National Park (formerly Mount McKinley National Park) were the subject of some of the earliest research on wolf ecology. From 1939 to 1941, Adolph Murie performed groundbreaking studies of wolves, observing wolves and their prey and collecting wolf scats and prey remains. His work resulted in one of the first major scientific publications about wolves, The Wolves of Mount McKinley (Murie 1944). Continuing the research started by Murie, the National Park Service (NPS) began using aircraft to locate and count wolves in the 1960s (Prasil 1967, Singer 1986). Beginnin g in 1969, Go r d o n Haber used aircraft to make prolonged observations of wolf packs, studying their behavior and relations with prey species (Haber 1977).
","usgsCitation":"Meier, T., Burch, J.W., and Adams, L., 2006, Tracking the movements of Denali's wolves: Alaska Park Science.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326815,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc71e4b03fd6b7d94ca5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meier, T.J.","contributorId":66632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burch, John W.","contributorId":106231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burch","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13367,"text":"National Parks Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028061,"text":"70028061 - 2006 - Use of Picard and Newton iteration for solving nonlinear ground water flow equations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028061","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of Picard and Newton iteration for solving nonlinear ground water flow equations","docAbstract":"This study examines the use of Picard and Newton iteration to solve the nonlinear, saturated ground water flow equation. Here, a simple three-node problem is used to demonstrate the convergence difficulties that can arise when solving the nonlinear, saturated ground water flow equation in both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems with and without nonlinear boundary conditions. For these cases, the characteristic types of convergence patterns are examined. Viewing these convergence patterns as orbits of an attractor in a dynamical system provides further insight. It is shown that the nonlinearity that arises from nonlinear head-dependent boundary conditions can cause more convergence difficulties than the nonlinearity that arises from flow in an unconfined aquifer. Furthermore, the effects of damping on both convergence and convergence rate are investigated. It is shown that no single strategy is effective for all problems and how understanding pitfalls and merits of several methods can be helpful in overcoming convergence difficulties. Results show that Picard iterations can be a simple and effective method for the solution of nonlinear, saturated ground water flow problems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00207.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Mehl, S., 2006, Use of Picard and Newton iteration for solving nonlinear ground water flow equations: Ground Water, v. 44, no. 4, p. 583-594, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00207.x.","startPage":"583","endPage":"594","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":498949,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00207.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210254,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00207.x"},{"id":237121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe85e4b08c986b32961e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mehl, S.","contributorId":20114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehl","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175717,"text":"70175717 - 2006 - Nest survival in dusky Canada geese (Branta canadensis occidentalis): Use of discrete-time models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T07:59:42","indexId":"70175717","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest survival in dusky Canada geese (Branta canadensis occidentalis): Use of discrete-time models","docAbstract":"The Dusky Canada Goose (Branta canadensis occidentalis) population that breeds in the Copper River Delta, Alaska, has declined substantially since the late 1970s. Persistent low numbers have been attributed to low productivity in recent years. We examined patterns in survival rates of 1,852 nests to better understand ecological processes that influenced productivity during 1997-2000. We compared 10 nonparametric models of daily survival rate of nests (DSR) that included variation among years, calendar dates, nest initiation dates, and nest ages with equivalent models based on parametric functions. The unequivocal best model included patterns of DSR that varied among discrete periods of years, calendar dates, and nest ages. Generally, DSR was low early in the nesting season and higher midseason. Across years, patterns in DSR were most variable early and late in the nesting season. Daily survival rates of nests declined between the first and second week after initiation, increased until the fourth week, and then declined during the last week before hatch. Nest survival probability estimates ranged from 0.07 to 0.71 across years and nest initiation dates. Mean rates of nest survival ranged between 0.21 and 0.31 each year. We suggest (1) considering models that do not limit estimates of daily nest survival to parametric forms; (2) placing greater emphasis on sample size when nests are rare, to obtain accurate estimates of nest survival; and (3) developing new techniques to estimate the number of nests initiated.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[0198:NSIDCG]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Grand, J., Fondell, T., Miller, D., and Anthony, R.M., 2006, Nest survival in dusky Canada geese (Branta canadensis occidentalis): Use of discrete-time models: The Auk, v. 123, no. 1, p. 198-210, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[0198:NSIDCG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"198","endPage":"210","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[0198:nsidcg]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":326825,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc69e4b03fd6b7d94c6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grand, J.B.","contributorId":11150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fondell, T.F.","contributorId":11154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fondell","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Dick","contributorId":46054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Dick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anthony, R. Michael","contributorId":54535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175723,"text":"70175723 - 2006 - Are subcutaneous transmitters better than intracoelomic? The relevance of reporting methodology to interpreting results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-18T13:30:32","indexId":"70175723","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are subcutaneous transmitters better than intracoelomic? The relevance of reporting methodology to interpreting results","docAbstract":"Biologists rely on published scientific papers to increase their knowledge and to guide their future work. Papers comparing techniques can be especially influential when several options exist for accomplishing a task. In this paper, I use a recent publication comparing the effects on birds of several methods for attaching or implanting radiotransmitters to illustrate the need for clear and accurate reporting of the techniques used. Because of deficiencies inmethodology, in stating methodology, and in following cited methodology I argue that the conclusions drawn by the authors are not supportable.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[884:ASTBTI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Mulcahy, D.M., 2006, Are subcutaneous transmitters better than intracoelomic? The relevance of reporting methodology to interpreting results: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 34, no. 3, p. 884-889, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[884:ASTBTI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"884","endPage":"889","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":326830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc31e4b03fd6b7d94c08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulcahy, Daniel M. dmulcahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Daniel","email":"dmulcahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028058,"text":"70028058 - 2006 - CO32- concentration and pCO2 thresholds for calcification and dissolution on the Molokai reef flat, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T12:55:57","indexId":"70028058","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"CO32- concentration and pCO2 thresholds for calcification and dissolution on the Molokai reef flat, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The severity of the impact of elevated atmospheric pCO2 to coral reef ecosystems depends, in part, on how sea-water pCO2 affects the balance between calcification and dissolution of carbonate sediments. Presently, there are insufficient published data that relate concentrations of pCO 2 and CO32- to in situ rates of reef calcification in natural settings to accurately predict the impact of elevated atmospheric pCO2 on calcification and dissolution processes. Rates of net calcification and dissolution, CO32- concentrations, and pCO2 were measured, in situ, on patch reefs, bare sand, and coral rubble on the Molokai reef flat in Hawaii. Rates of calcification ranged from 0.03 to 2.30 mmol CaCO3 m-2 h-1 and dissolution ranged from -0.05 to -3.3 mmol CaCO3 m-2 h-1. Calcification and dissolution varied diurnally with net calcification primarily occurring during the day and net dissolution occurring at night. These data were used to calculate threshold values for pCO2 and CO32- at which rates of calcification and dissolution are equivalent. Results indicate that calcification and dissolution are linearly correlated with both CO32- and pCO2. Threshold pCO2 and CO32- values for individual substrate types showed considerable variation. The average pCO2 threshold value for all substrate types was 654??195 ??atm and ranged from 467 to 1003 ??atm. The average CO32- threshold value was 152??24 ??mol kg-1, ranging from 113 to 184 ??mol kg-1. Ambient seawater measurements of pCO2 and CO32- indicate that CO32- and pCO2 threshold values for all substrate types were both exceeded, simultaneously, 13% of the time at present day atmospheric pCO2 concentrations. It is predicted that atmospheric pCO2 will exceed the average pCO2 threshold value for calcification and dissolution on the Molokai reef flat by the year 2100.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-3-357-2006","issn":"17264170","usgsCitation":"Yates, K.K., and Halley, R.B., 2006, CO32- concentration and pCO2 thresholds for calcification and dissolution on the Molokai reef flat, Hawaii: Biogeosciences, v. 3, no. 3, p. 357-369, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-3-357-2006.","startPage":"357","endPage":"369","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477371,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-3-357-2006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":266032,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-3-357-2006"},{"id":237084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2d5e4b0c8380cd4b401","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yates, K. K.","contributorId":108056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halley, R. B.","contributorId":87941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}