Pre-2002 tectonic loading and Coulomb stress transfer are modeled along the rupture zone of the M 7.9 Denali fault earthquake (DFE) and on adjacent segments of the right-lateral Denali–Totschunda fault system in central Alaska, using a three-dimensional boundary-element program. The segments modeled closely follow, for about 95°, the arc of a circle of radius 375 km centered on an inferred asperity near the northeastern end of the intersection of the Patton Bay fault with the Alaskan megathrust under Prince William Sound. The loading model includes slip of 6 mm/yr below 12 km along the fault system, consistent with rotation of the Wrangell block about the asperity at a rate of about 1°/m.y. as well as slip of the Pacific plate at 5 cm/yr at depth along the Fairweather–Queen Charlotte transform fault system and on the Alaska megathrust. The model is consistent with most available pre-2002 Global Positioning System (GPS) displacement rate data. Coulomb stresses induced on the Denali–Totschunda fault system (locked above 12 km) by slip at depth and by transfer from the M 9.2 Prince William Sound earthquake of 1964 dominated the changing Coulomb stress distribution along the fault. The combination of loading (∼70–85%) and coseismic stress transfer from the great 1964 earthquake (∼15–30%) were the principal post-1900 stress factors building toward strike-slip failure of the northern Denali and Totschunda segments in the M 7.9 earthquake of November 2002. Postseismic stresses transferred from the 1964 earthquake may also have been a significant factor. The M 7.2–7.4 Delta River earthquake of 1912 (Carver et al., 2004) may have delayed or advanced the timing of the DFE, depending on the details and location of its rupture. The initial subevent of the 2002 DFE earthquake was on the 40-km Susitna Glacier thrust fault at the western end of the Denali fault rupture. The Coulomb stress transferred from the 1964 earthquake moved the Susitna Glacier thrust fault uniformly away from thrust failure by about 100 kPa. The initiation of the Denali fault earthquake was advanced by transfer of 30–50 kPa of positive Coulomb stress to the Susitna Glacier fault (Anderson and Ji, 2003) by the nearby M 6.7 Nenana Mountain foreshock of 23 October 2002. The regional tectonic loading model used here suggests that the Semidi (Alaska Peninsula) segment of the megathrust that ruptured in 1938 (M 8.2) may be reloaded and approaching failure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120050007","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Bufe, C.G., 2006, Coulomb stress transfer and tectonic loading preceding the 2002 Denali fault earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 5, p. 1662-1674, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050007.","productDescription":"13","startPage":"1662","endPage":"1674","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc84e4b0c8380cd4e2c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bufe, Charles G. cbufe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bufe","given":"Charles","email":"cbufe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":419114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028499,"text":"70028499 - 2006 - Storm-induced redistribution of deepwater sediments in Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T10:23:53","indexId":"70028499","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Storm-induced redistribution of deepwater sediments in Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"High-resolution seismic reflection profiles, side-scan sonar profiles, and surface sediment analyses for grain size (% sand, silt & clay), total organic carbon content, and carbonate content along shore-perpendicular transects offshore of Olcott and Rochester in Lake Ontario were utilized to investigate cm-thick sands or absence of deep-water postglacial sediments in water depths of 130 to 165 m. These deepwater sands were observed as each transect approached and occupied the \"sills,\" identified by earlier researchers, between the three deepest basins of the lake. The results reveal thin (0 to 5-cm) postglacial sediments, lake floor lineations, and sand-rich, organic, and carbonate poor sediments at the deepwater sites (> 130 m) along both transects at depths significantly below wave base, epilimnetic currents, and internal wave activity. These sediments are anomalous compared to shallower sediments observed in this study and deeper sediments reported by earlier research, and are interpreted to indicate winnowing and resuspension of the postglacial muds. We hypothesize that the mid-lake confluence of the two-gyre surface current system set up by strong storm events extends down to the lake floor when the lake is isothermal, and resuspends and winnows lake floor sediment at these locations. Furthermore, we believe that sedimentation is more likely to be influenced by bottom currents at these at these sites than in the deeper basins because these sites are located on bathymetric highs between deeper depositional basins of the lake, and the bathymetric constriction may intensify any bottom current activity at these sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","doi":"10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[348:SRODSI]2.0.CO;2","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Halfman, J., Dittman, D., Owens, R., and Etherington, M., 2006, Storm-induced redistribution of deepwater sediments in Lake Ontario: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 32, no. 2, p. 348-360, https://doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[348:SRODSI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"348","endPage":"360","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b987fe4b08c986b31c06b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halfman, J.D.","contributorId":56433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halfman","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dittman, D.E.","contributorId":21339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dittman","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owens, R.W.","contributorId":7645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Etherington, M.D.","contributorId":80064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Etherington","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028204,"text":"70028204 - 2006 - Modeling spatial and temporal variations in temperature and salinity during stratification and overturn in Dexter Pit Lake, Tuscarora, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-01T09:43:22","indexId":"70028204","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling spatial and temporal variations in temperature and salinity during stratification and overturn in Dexter Pit Lake, Tuscarora, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"This paper examines the seasonal cycling of temperature and salinity in Dexter pit lake in arid northern Nevada, and describes an approach for modeling the physical processes that operate in such systems. The pit lake contains about 596,200 m3 of dilute, near neutral (pHs 6.7–9) water. Profiles of temperature, conductivity, and selected element concentrations were measured almost monthly during 1999 and 2000. In winter (January–March), the pit lake was covered with ice and bottom water was warmer (5.3 °C) with higher total dissolved solids (0.298 g/L) than overlying water (3.96 °C and 0.241 g/L), suggesting inflow of warm (11.7 °C) groundwater with a higher conductivity than the lake (657 versus 126–383 μS/cm). Seasonal surface inflow due to spring snowmelt resulted in lower conductivity in the surface water (232–247 μS/cm) relative to deeper water (315–318 μS/cm). The pit lake was thermally stratified from late spring through early fall, and the water column turned over in late November (2000) or early December (1999). The pit lake is a mixture of inflowing surface water and groundwater that has subsequently been evapoconcentrated in the arid environment. Linear relationships between conductivity and major and some minor (B, Li, Sr, and U) ions indicate conservative mixing for these elements.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.03.013","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Balistrieri, L.S., Tempel, R., Stillings, L., and Shevenell, L., 2006, Modeling spatial and temporal variations in temperature and salinity during stratification and overturn in Dexter Pit Lake, Tuscarora, Nevada, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 21, no. 7, p. 1184-1203, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.03.013.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1184","endPage":"1203","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210397,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.03.013"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Tuscarora","otherGeospatial":"Dexter Pit Lake","volume":"21","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c2fe4b0c8380cd6fac2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tempel, R.N.","contributorId":47153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tempel","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stillings, L.L.","contributorId":52229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stillings","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shevenell, L.A.","contributorId":13777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shevenell","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1008403,"text":"1008403 - 2006 - Keystone predators (eastern newts, Notophthalmus viridescens) reduce the impacts of an aquatic invasive species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-05T22:06:40.282209","indexId":"1008403","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Keystone predators (eastern newts, Notophthalmus viridescens) reduce the impacts of an aquatic invasive species","title":"Keystone predators (eastern newts, Notophthalmus viridescens) reduce the impacts of an aquatic invasive species","docAbstract":"Predation, competition, and their interaction are known to be important factors that influence the structure of ecological communities. In particular, in those cases where a competitive hierarchy exists among prey species, the presence of certain keystone predators can result in enhanced diversity in the prey community. However, little is known regarding the influence of keystone predator presence on invaded prey communities. Given the widespread occurrence of invasive species and substantial concern regarding their ecological impacts, studies on this topic are needed. In this study I used naturalistic replications of an experimental tadpole assemblage to assess the influence of predatory eastern newts, Notophthalmus viridescens, on the outcome of interspecific competition among native and nonindigenous tadpoles. When newts were absent, the presence of the tadpoles of one invasive species, the Cuban treefrog, Osteopilus septentrionalis, resulted in decreased survival and growth rate of the dominant native species, Bufo terrestris, and dominance of the tadpole assemblage by O. septentrionalis. However, the presence of one adult newt generally reduced or eliminated the negative impacts of O. septentrionalis tadpoles, resulting in comparable survival and performance of native species in invaded and noninvaded treatments. Differential mortality among the tadpole species suggests that newts preyed selectively on O. septentrionalis tadpoles, supporting the hypothesis that newts acted as keystone predators in the invaded assemblage. The presence of nonindigenous larval cane toads, Bufo marinus, did not significantly affect native species, and this species was not negatively affected by the presence of newts. Collectively, these results suggest that eastern newts significantly modified the competitive hierarchy of the invaded tadpole assemblage and reduced the impacts of a competitively superior invasive species. If general, these results suggest that the presence of certain species may be an essential factor regulating the ecological impacts of biological invasions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-006-0370-y","usgsCitation":"Smith, K.G., 2006, Keystone predators (eastern newts, Notophthalmus viridescens) reduce the impacts of an aquatic invasive species: Oecologia, v. 148, no. 2, p. 342-349, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-006-0370-y.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"342","endPage":"349","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"148","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b47cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Kevin G.","contributorId":100755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70035598,"text":"70035598 - 2006 - From wetlands to wet spots: Environmental tracking and the fate of carboniferous elements in early permian tropical fl oras","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035598","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"From wetlands to wet spots: Environmental tracking and the fate of carboniferous elements in early permian tropical fl oras","docAbstract":"Diverse wetland vegetation flourished at the margins of the Midland Basin in north-central Texas during the Pennsylvanian Period. Extensive coastal swamps and an ever-wet, tropical climate supported lush growth of pteridosperm, marattialean fern, lycopsid, and calamite trees, and a wide array of ground cover and vines. As the Pennsylvanian passed into the Permian, the climate of the area became drier and more seasonal, the great swamps disappeared regionally, and aridity spread. The climatic inferences are based on changes in sedimentary patterns and paleosols as well as the general paleobotanical trends. The lithological patterns include a change from a diverse array of paleosols, including Histosols (ever-wet waterlogged soils), in the late Pennsylvanian to greatly diminished paleosol diversity with poorly developed Vertisols by the Early-Middle Permian transition. In addition, coal seams were present with wide areal distribution in the late Pennsylvanian whereas beds of evaporates were common by the end of the Early Permian. During this climatic transition, wetland plants were confi ned to shrinking \"wet spots\" found along permanent streams where the vegetation they constituted remained distinct if increasingly depauperate in terms of species richness. By Leonardian (late Early Permian) time, most of the landscape was dominated by plants adapted to seasonal drought and a deep water table. Wetland elements were reduced to scattered pockets, dominated primarily by weedy forms and riparian specialists tolerant of flooding and burial. By the Middle Permian, even these small wetland pockets had disappeared from the region. ?? 2006 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2006.2399(11)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"DiMichele, W.A., Tabor, N., Chaney, D., and Nelson, W., 2006, From wetlands to wet spots: Environmental tracking and the fate of carboniferous elements in early permian tropical fl oras: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 399, p. 223-248, https://doi.org/10.1130/2006.2399(11).","startPage":"223","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216186,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2006.2399(11)"},{"id":244039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"399","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1400e4b0c8380cd54879","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DiMichele, William A.","contributorId":97631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiMichele","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tabor, N.J.","contributorId":107525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tabor","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chaney, D.S.","contributorId":47106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaney","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, W.J.","contributorId":17762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1003671,"text":"1003671 - 2006 - Educating veterinarians for careers in free-ranging wildlife medicine and ecosystem health","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-16T16:07:03","indexId":"1003671","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2493,"text":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Educating veterinarians for careers in free-ranging wildlife medicine and ecosystem health","docAbstract":"In the last 10 years, the field of zoological medicine has seen an expansive broadening into the arenas of free-ranging wildlife, conservation medicine, and ecosystem health. During the spring/summer of 2005, we prepared and disseminated a survey designed to identify training and educational needs for individuals entering the wildlife medicine and ecosystem health fields. Our data revealed that few wildlife veterinarians believe that the training they received in veterinary school adequately prepared them to acquire and succeed in their field. Wildlife veterinarians and their employers ranked mentorship with an experienced wildlife veterinarian, training in leadership and communication, courses and externships in wildlife health, and additional formal training beyond the veterinary degree as important in preparation for success. Employers, wildlife veterinarians, and job seekers alike reported that understanding and maintaining ecosystem health is a key component of the wildlife veterinarian's job description, as it is critical to protecting animal health, including human health. Today's wildlife veterinarians are a new type of transdisciplinary professional; they practice medicine in their communities and hold titles in every level of government and academia. It is time that we integrate ecosystem health into our curricula to nurture and enhance an expansive way of looking at veterinary medicine and to ensure that veterinary graduates are prepared to excel in this new and complex world, in which the health of wildlife, domestic animals, and people are interdependent.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Mazet, J., Hamilton, G., and Dierauf, L., 2006, Educating veterinarians for careers in free-ranging wildlife medicine and ecosystem health: Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, v. 33, no. 3, p. 352-360.","productDescription":"p. 352-360","startPage":"352","endPage":"360","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15166,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jvmeonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/33/3/352","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"2996.000000000000000"}],"otherGeospatial":"Worldwide","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -171.5625,\n -85.1709701284095\n ],\n [\n -171.5625,\n 84.9901001802348\n ],\n [\n 191.25,\n 84.9901001802348\n ],\n [\n 191.25,\n -85.1709701284095\n ],\n [\n -171.5625,\n -85.1709701284095\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db6287cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mazet, J.A.K.","contributorId":57794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazet","given":"J.A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, G.E.","contributorId":28925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dierauf, L.A.","contributorId":34082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dierauf","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003787,"text":"1003787 - 2006 - The fitting of general force-of-infection models to wildlife disease prevalence data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:47","indexId":"1003787","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The fitting of general force-of-infection models to wildlife disease prevalence data","docAbstract":"Researchers and wildlife managers increasingly find themselves in situations where they must deal with infectious wildlife diseases such as chronic wasting disease, brucellosis, tuberculosis, and West Nile virus. Managers are often charged with designing and implementing control strategies, and researchers often seek to determine factors that influence and control the disease process. All of these activities require the ability to measure some indication of a disease's foothold in a population and evaluate factors affecting that foothold. The most common type of data available to managers and researchers is apparent prevalence data. Apparent disease prevalence, the proportion of animals in a sample that are positive for the disease, might seem like a natural measure of disease's foothold, but several properties, in particular, its dependency on age structure and the biasing effects of disease-associated mortality, make it less than ideal. In quantitative epidemiology, the a??force of infection,a?? or infection hazard, is generally the preferred parameter for measuring a disease's foothold, and it can be viewed as the most appropriate way to a??adjusta?? apparent prevalence for age structure. The typical ecology curriculum includes little exposure to quantitative epidemiological concepts such as cumulative incidence, apparent prevalence, and the force of infection. The goal of this paper is to present these basic epidemiological concepts and resulting models in an ecological context and to illustrate how they can be applied to understand and address basic epidemiological questions. We demonstrate a practical approach to solving the heretofore intractable problem of fitting general force-of-infection models to wildlife prevalence data using a generalized regression approach. We apply the procedures to Mycobacterium bovis (bovine tuberculosis) prevalence in bison (Bison bison) in Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada, and demonstrate strong age dependency in the force of infection as well as an increased mortality hazard in positive animals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Heisey, D., Joly, D., and Messier, F., 2006, The fitting of general force-of-infection models to wildlife disease prevalence data: Ecology, v. 87, no. 9, p. 2356-2365.","productDescription":"p. 2356-2365","startPage":"2356","endPage":"2365","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15195,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87%5B2356:TFOGFM%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4944.000000000000000"}],"volume":"87","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65db5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heisey, D.M.","contributorId":77496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heisey","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joly, D.O.","contributorId":48131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joly","given":"D.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Messier, F.","contributorId":34871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Messier","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003986,"text":"1003986 - 2006 - Persistence of Pasteurella multocida in wetlands following avian cholera outbreaks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-21T11:21:20","indexId":"1003986","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence of Pasteurella multocida in wetlands following avian cholera outbreaks","docAbstract":"Avian cholera, caused by Pasteurella multocida, affects waterbirds across North America and occurs worldwide among various avian species. Once an epizootic begins, contamination of the wetland environment likely facilitates the transmission of P. multocida to susceptible birds. To evaluate the ability of P. multocida serotype-1, the most common serotype associated with avian cholera in waterfowl in western and central North America, to persist in wetlands and to identify environmental factors associated with its persistence, we collected water and sediment samples from 23 wetlands during winters and springs of 1996a??99. These samples were collected during avian cholera outbreaks and for up to 13 wk following initial sampling. We recovered P. multocida from six wetlands that were sampled following the initial outbreaks, but no P. multocida was isolated later than 7 wk after the initial outbreak sampling. We found no significant relationship between the probability of recovery of P. multocida during resampling and the abundance of the bacterium recovered during initial sampling, the substrate from which isolates were collected, isolate virulence, or water quality conditions previously suggested to be related to the abundance or survival of P. multocida. Our results indicate that wetlands are unlikely to serve as a long-term reservoir for P. multocida because the bacterium does not persist in wetlands for long time periods following avian cholera outbreaks.
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We used field data, literature review, and a computer simulation to predict annual productivity and lambda for several species of landbirds breeding in floodplain and upland forests in the Midwestern United States. We monitored 1735 nests of 27 species; 760 nests were in the uplands and 975 were in the floodplain. Each type of forest habitat (upland and floodplain) was a source habitat for some species. Despite a relatively low proportion of regional forest cover, the majority of species had stable or increasing populations in all or some habitats, including six species of conservation concern. In our search for a simple analog for lambda, we found that only adult apparent survival, juvenile survival, and annual productivity were correlated with lambda; daily nest survival and relative abundance estimated from point counts were not. Survival and annual productivity are among the most costly demographic parameters to measure and there does not seem to be a low-cost alternative. In addition, our literature search revealed that the demographic parameters needed to model annual productivity and lambda were unavailable for several species. More collective effort across North America is needed to fill the gaps in our knowledge of demographic parameters necessary to model both annual productivity and lambda. 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We successfully integrate satellite data and tens of thousands of field sampling points through logistic regression modeling to create a habitat suitability map that is 90% accurate. This interagency effort uses field data collected and coordinated through the US Geological Survey and nationwide environmental data layers derived from NASA's MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We demonstrate the use of the map by ranking the 48 continental US states (and the District of Columbia) based on their absolute, as well as proportional, areas of “highly likely” and “moderately likely” habitat for Tamarix. The interagency effort and modeling approach presented here could be used to map other harmful species, in the US and globally.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/1540-9295(2006)004[0012:ATHSMF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Morisette, J., Jarnevich, C., Ullah, A., Cai, W., Pedelty, J., Gentle, J., Stohlgren, T., and Schnase, J., 2006, A tamarisk habitat suitability map for the continental US: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 4, no. 1, p. 11-17, https://doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2006)004[0012:ATHSMF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"17","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5c73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morisette, J.T.","contributorId":57029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarnevich, C. S.","contributorId":54932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"C. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ullah, A.","contributorId":82664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ullah","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cai, W.","contributorId":9216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cai","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pedelty, J.A.","contributorId":41788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedelty","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gentle, J.E.","contributorId":81066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gentle","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schnase, J.L.","contributorId":62184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnase","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":1015170,"text":"1015170 - 2006 - Autumn migration and selection of rock crevices as hibernacula by big brown bats in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T15:23:58","indexId":"1015170","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Autumn migration and selection of rock crevices as hibernacula by big brown bats in Colorado","docAbstract":"Movements, distribution, and roosting requirements of most species of temperate-zone bats in autumn are poorly understood. We conducted the 1st radiotelemetry study of autumn migrations and prehibernation roost selection of bats in western North America. Big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus, n = 55) in the Poudre River watershed, Colorado, moved from low-elevation summer ranges to high-elevation locations in autumn, where they roosted in rock crevices during the period leading up to winter hibernation. We characterized rock crevices used as roosts in autumn at these higher elevations at microhabitat and landscape scales. We used logistic regression combined with an information theoretic approach to determine which variables were most important in roost selection. At the microhabitat scale, autumn roosts were higher to the ground above and below the exit point and were in deeper crevices that had more constant temperatures than randomly selected crevices. At the landscape scale, aspect of the hillside was important, with autumn roosts typically facing north-northwest. Autumn roosts fell into 2 categories: those used for a few days (transient roosts) and those used for ≥7 days and presumed to be hibernacula. Temperature regimes in the presumed hibernacula appear to provide optimal conditions for use of winter torpor, whereas transient roosts may offer passive rewarming and energy savings for bats still active in early autumn. Elevational segregation of sexes also was documented in our region, with a preponderance of females found at lower elevations and males at higher elevations in summer. Sex ratios at higher elevations became even in autumn. Use of short elevational migrations and selection of hibernation sites in rock crevices may be a common overwintering strategy of insectivorous bats of western North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1644/05-MAMM-A-252R1.1","usgsCitation":"Neubaum, D., O'Shea, T., and Wilson, K., 2006, Autumn migration and selection of rock crevices as hibernacula by big brown bats in Colorado: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 87, no. 3, p. 470-479, https://doi.org/10.1644/05-MAMM-A-252R1.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"470","endPage":"479","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477352,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/05-mamm-a-252r1.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db66810f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neubaum, D.J.","contributorId":43720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neubaum","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, K.R.","contributorId":73961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79396,"text":"ofr20061249 - 2006 - Assessment of factors limiting Klamath River fall Chinook salmon production potential using historical flows and temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T14:43:11","indexId":"ofr20061249","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1249","title":"Assessment of factors limiting Klamath River fall Chinook salmon production potential using historical flows and temperatures","docAbstract":"We parameterized and applied a deterministic salmon production model to infer the degree to which river flows and temperatures may limit freshwater production potential of the Klamath River in California. Specific parameter requirements, data sources, and significant assumptions are discussed in detail. Model simulations covered a wide variety of historical hydrologic and meteorologic conditions for 40+ years of environmental data.
\nThe model was calibrated only qualitatively, appearing to perform well in predicted outmigrant timing, but overestimating growth. Egg-to-outmigrant survival was near that reported for other rivers north of the Klamath River.
\nPredicted production potential appeared to be determined by multiple causes involving both regularly occurring habitat-related constraints and irregularly occurring exposure to high water temperatures. Simulated production was greatest in years of intermediate water availability and was constrained in both dry and wet years, but for different reasons. Reducing mortality associated with limitations to juvenile habitat, if possible, would be expected to have the highest payoff in increasing production. Water temperature was important in determining predicted production in some years but overall was not predicted to be as important as physical microhabitat. No single mortality cause acted as a true “bottleneck” on production.
\nModel uncertainty is addressed through a sensitivity analysis. Predicted habitat area may be a large source of model uncertainty and sensitivity, but collectively, model parameters associated with timing of events (for example spawning, fry emergence, and emigration) or related triggers control much of the model sensitivity.
\n\n
Though model uncertainty remains, one can begin to explore potential alternatives to reduce production limitations. Specific recommendations are made regarding future study and reducing uncertainty.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061249","usgsCitation":"Bartholow, J.M., and Henriksen, J.A., 2006, Assessment of factors limiting Klamath River fall Chinook salmon production potential using historical flows and temperatures: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1249, viii, 111 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061249.","productDescription":"viii, 111 p.","numberOfPages":"119","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192187,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061249.PNG"},{"id":320228,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1249/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.03015136718749,\n 41.253032440653186\n ],\n [\n -123.255615234375,\n 40.371658891506094\n ],\n [\n -122.9644775390625,\n 40.3130432088809\n ],\n [\n -122.728271484375,\n 40.772221877329024\n ],\n [\n -122.3822021484375,\n 41.27367811566259\n ],\n [\n -120.75622558593749,\n 41.85728792769137\n ],\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 43.40504748787035\n ],\n [\n -121.728515625,\n 43.41701888881103\n ],\n [\n -122.18994140624999,\n 42.91620643817353\n ],\n [\n -124.068603515625,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -124.03015136718749,\n 41.253032440653186\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db67201a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholow, John M.","contributorId":77598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henriksen, James A.","contributorId":89985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henriksen","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015175,"text":"1015175 - 2006 - The effect of multiple stressors on salt marsh end-of-season biomass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T15:40:16","indexId":"1015175","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of multiple stressors on salt marsh end-of-season biomass","docAbstract":"It is becoming more apparent that commonly used statistical methods (e.g. analysis of variance and regression) are not the best methods for estimating limiting relationships or stressor effects. A major challenge of estimating the effects associated with a measured subset of limiting factors is to account for the effects of unmeasured factors in an ecologically realistic matter. We used quantile regression to elucidate multiple stressor effects on end-of-season biomass data from two salt marsh sites in coastal Louisiana collected for 18 yr. Stressor effects evaluated based on available data were flooding, salinity air temperature, cloud cover, precipitation deficit, grazing by muskrat, and surface water nitrogen and phosphorus. Precipitation deficit combined with surface water nitrogen provided the best two-parameter model to explain variation in the peak biomass with different slopes and intercepts for the two study sites. Precipitation deficit, cloud cover, and temperature were significantly correlated with each other. Surface water nitrogen was significantly correlated with surface water phosphorus and muskrat density. The site with the larger duration of flooding showed reduced peak biomass, when cloud cover and surface water nitrogen were optimal. Variation in the relatively low salinity occurring in our study area did not explain any of the variation in Spartina alterniflora biomass.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02782001","usgsCitation":"Visser, J., Sasser, C., and Cade, B., 2006, The effect of multiple stressors on salt marsh end-of-season biomass: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 29, no. 2, p. 331-342, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02782001.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"342","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66764b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Visser, J.M.","contributorId":23900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Visser","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sasser, C.E.","contributorId":81067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sasser","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cade, B.S.","contributorId":47315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015172,"text":"1015172 - 2006 - Risk analysis for biological hazards: What we need to know about invasive species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T15:12:16","indexId":"1015172","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3300,"text":"Risk Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Risk analysis for biological hazards: What we need to know about invasive species","docAbstract":"Risk analysis for biological invasions is similar to other types of natural and human hazards. For example, risk analysis for chemical spills requires the evaluation of basic information on where a spill occurs; exposure level and toxicity of the chemical agent; knowledge of the physical processes involved in its rate and direction of spread; and potential impacts to the environment, economy, and human health relative to containment costs. Unlike typical chemical spills, biological invasions can have long lag times from introduction and establishment to successful invasion, they reproduce, and they can spread rapidly by physical and biological processes. We use a risk analysis framework to suggest a general strategy for risk analysis for invasive species and invaded habitats. It requires: (1) problem formation (scoping the problem, defining assessment endpoints); (2) analysis (information on species traits, matching species traits to suitable habitats, estimating exposure, surveys of current distribution and abundance); (3) risk characterization (understanding of data completeness, estimates of the “potential” distribution and abundance; estimates of the potential rate of spread; and probable risks, impacts, and costs); and (4) risk management (containment potential, costs, and opportunity costs; legal mandates and social considerations and information science and technology needs).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00707.x","usgsCitation":"Stohlgren, T., and Schnase, J., 2006, Risk analysis for biological hazards: What we need to know about invasive species: Risk Analysis, v. 26, no. 1, p. 163-173, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00707.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"173","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a11e4b07f02db60012b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schnase, J.L.","contributorId":62184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnase","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015127,"text":"1015127 - 2006 - Ecological thresholds: The key to successful enviromental management or an important concept with no practical application?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T16:16:54","indexId":"1015127","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecological thresholds: The key to successful enviromental management or an important concept with no practical application?","docAbstract":"An ecological threshold is the point at which there is an abrupt change in an ecosystem quality, property or phenomenon, or where small changes in an environmental driver produce large responses in the ecosystem. Analysis of thresholds is complicated by nonlinear dynamics and by multiple factor controls that operate at diverse spatial and temporal scales. These complexities have challenged the use and utility of threshold concepts in environmental management despite great concern about preventing dramatic state changes in valued ecosystems, the need for determining critical pollutant loads and the ubiquity of other threshold-based environmental problems. In this paper we define the scope of the thresholds concept in ecological science and discuss methods for identifying and investigating thresholds using a variety of examples from terrestrial and aquatic environments, at ecosystem, landscape and regional scales. We end with a discussion of key research needs in this area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-003-0142-z","usgsCitation":"Groffman, P., Baron, J., Blett, T., Gold, A., Goodman, I., Gunderson, L., Levinson, B., Palmer, M., Paerl, H., Peterson, G., Poff, N., Rejeski, D., Reynolds, J., Turner, M., Weathers, K., and Wiens, J., 2006, Ecological thresholds: The key to successful enviromental management or an important concept with no practical application?: Ecosystems, v. 9, no. 1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-003-0142-z.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489983,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/nrs_facpubs/436","text":"External Repository"},{"id":130120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627ba7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Groffman, P.M.","contributorId":21904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groffman","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blett, T.","contributorId":67828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blett","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gold, A.J.","contributorId":27822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gold","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goodman, I.","contributorId":71928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodman","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gunderson, L.H.","contributorId":36489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunderson","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Levinson, B.M.","contributorId":32475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levinson","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Palmer, Margaret A.","contributorId":102429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmer","given":"Margaret A.","affiliations":[{"id":13383,"text":"University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, 6 Solomons, Maryland 20688","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":322273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Paerl, H.W.","contributorId":36893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paerl","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Peterson, G.D.","contributorId":102835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Poff, N.L.","contributorId":22723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poff","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Rejeski, D.W.","contributorId":13574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rejeski","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Reynolds, J.F.","contributorId":28199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Turner, M.G.","contributorId":43708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Weathers, K.C.","contributorId":41378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weathers","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Wiens, J.","contributorId":81846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiens","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":1015125,"text":"1015125 - 2006 - Transverse and longitudinal variation in woody riparian vegetation along a montane river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T21:40:20","indexId":"1015125","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transverse and longitudinal variation in woody riparian vegetation along a montane river","docAbstract":"This study explores how the relationship between flow and riparian vegetation varies along a montane river. We mapped occurrence of woody riparian plant communities along 58 km of the San Miguel River in southwestern Colorado. We determined the recurrence interval of inundation for each plant community by combining step-backwater hydraulic modeling at 4 representative reaches with Log-Pearson analysis of 4 stream gaging stations. Finally, we mapped bottomland surficial geology and used a Geographic Information System to overlay the coverages of geology and vegetation. Plant communities were distinctly arrayed along the hydrologic gradient. The Salix exigua Nuttall (sand-bar willow) community occurred mostly on surfaces with a recurrence interval of inundation shorter than 2.2 years; the Betula occidentalis Hooker (river birch) community peaked on sites with recurrence intervals of inundation between 2.2 and 4.6 years. The hydrologic position occupied by communities dominated by Populus angustifolia James (narrowleaf cottonwood) was strongly related to age of trees and species composition of understory shrubs. The fraction of riparian vegetation on surfaces historically inundated by the river decreased in the upstream direction from almost 100% near Uravan to <50% along the South Fork of the San Miguel River. In upstream reaches much of the physical disturbance necessary to maintain riparian vegetation is provided by valley-side processes including debris flows, floods from minor tributaries, landslides, and beaver activity. Where valley-side processes are important, prediction of riparian vegetation change based on alterations of river flow will be incomplete.
","language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","doi":"10.3398/1527-0904(2006)66[78:TALVIW]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Friedman, J.M., Auble, G., Andrews, E., Kittel, G., Madole, R., Griffin, E., and Allred, T.M., 2006, Transverse and longitudinal variation in woody riparian vegetation along a montane river: Western North American Naturalist, v. 66, no. 1, p. 78-91, https://doi.org/10.3398/1527-0904(2006)66[78:TALVIW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"p. 78-91","startPage":"78","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488724,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol66/iss1/7","text":"External Repository"},{"id":130095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db626cb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":44495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, G.T.","contributorId":19505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andrews, E.D.","contributorId":13922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kittel, G.","contributorId":36082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kittel","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Madole, R.F. 0000-0002-9081-570X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9081-570X","contributorId":34086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madole","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Griffin, E.R.","contributorId":15143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Allred, Tyler M.","contributorId":173170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allred","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27172,"text":"Allred Restoration, Inc., Tremonton, UT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":322249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":79589,"text":"ofr20061318 - 2006 - Deschutes Estuary feasibility study: Hydrodynamics and sediment transport modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-01T21:35:25.751519","indexId":"ofr20061318","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1318","title":"Deschutes Estuary feasibility study: Hydrodynamics and sediment transport modeling","docAbstract":"Continual sediment accumulation in Capitol Lake since the damming of the Deschutes River in 1951 has altered the initial morphology of the basin. As part of the Deschutes River Estuary Feasibility Study (DEFS), the United States Geological Survey (USGS) was tasked to model how tidal and storm processes will influence the river, lake and lower Budd Inlet should estuary restoration occur. Understanding these mechanisms will assist in developing a scientifically sound assessment on the feasibility of restoring the estuary.
\nThe goals of the DEFS are as follows.
\n- Increase understanding of the estuary alternative to the same level as managing the lake environment.
\n- Determine the potential to create a viable, self sustaining estuary at Capitol Lake, given all the existing physical constraints and the urban setting.
\n- Create a net-benefit matrix which will allow a fair evaluation of overall benefits and costs of various alternative scenarios.
\n- Provide the completed study to the CLAMP Steering Committee so that a recommendation about a long-term aquatic environment of the basin can be made.
\nThe hydrodynamic and sediment transport modeling task developed a number of different model simulations using a process-based morphological model, Delft3D, to help address these goals. Modeling results provide a qualitative assessment of estuarine behavior both prior to dam construction and after various post-dam removal scenarios. Quantitative data from the model is used in the companion biological assessment and engineering design components of the overall study.
\nOverall, the modeling study found that after dam removal, tidal and estuarine processes are immediately restored, with marine water from Budd Inlet carried into North and Middle Basin on each rising tide and mud flats being exposed with each falling tide. Within the first year after dam removal, tidal processes, along with the occasional river floods, act to modify the estuary bed by redistributing sediment through erosion and deposition. The morphological response of the bed is rapid during the first couple of years, then slows as a dynamic equilibrium is reached within three to five years. By ten years after dam removal, the overall hydrodynamic and morphologic behavior of the estuary is similar to the pre-dam estuary, with the exception of South Basin, which has been permanently modified by human activities.
\nIn addition to a qualitative assessment of estuarine behavior, process-based modeling provides the ability address specific questions to help to inform decision-making. Considering that predicting future conditions of a complex estuarine environment is wrought with uncertainties, quantitative results in this report are often expressed in terms of ranges of possible outcomes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061318","usgsCitation":"George, D.A., Gelfenbaum, G., Lesser, G., and Stevens, A., 2006, Deschutes Estuary feasibility study: Hydrodynamics and sediment transport modeling (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1318, Report: 222 p.; 2 Appendixes: 177 p.; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061318.","productDescription":"Report: 222 p.; 2 Appendixes: 177 p.; Metadata","temporalStart":"2005-02-16","temporalEnd":"2005-02-17","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420428,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_80585.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9208,"rank":5,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1318/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192369,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295746,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1318/CapitolLakeSeds.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":295744,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1318/of2006-1318.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":295745,"rank":2,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1318/of2006-1318_appendixes.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Deschutes Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.9133,\n 47.0619\n ],\n [\n -122.9133,\n 47.0183\n ],\n [\n -122.8914,\n 47.0183\n ],\n [\n -122.8914,\n 47.0619\n ],\n [\n -122.9133,\n 47.0619\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dd64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, Douglas A.","contributorId":60328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy","contributorId":79844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lesser, Giles","contributorId":88216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesser","given":"Giles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stevens, Andrew W.","contributorId":89093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Andrew W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1015168,"text":"1015168 - 2006 - The importance of adjusting for trip purpose in regional economic analyses of tourist destinations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-31T14:05:23","indexId":"1015168","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3606,"text":"Tourism Economics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of adjusting for trip purpose in regional economic analyses of tourist destinations","docAbstract":"This paper investigates the empirical importance of distinguishing visitors and their expenditures by trip purpose when estimating the tourism effects of a national park on a local economy. Accounting for trip purpose is quite important when there are two or more nearby major attractions in the same geographical area. This applies to the author's case study of Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks in the State of Wyoming, and also to other areas, such as the State of Utah's Bryce and Zion National Parks or amusement parks in the Orlando area in Florida. The authors illustrate the various types of survey questions and methods for correcting for trip purpose. In the case study, it would be quite misleading to attribute all spending by visitors to Grand Teton National Park (GTNP) in the town of Jackson, Wyoming, solely to GTNP because this would overstate employment actually attributable to the park by 3,455 jobs, or 22%. In turn, this overestimates the dependence of jobs in the Jackson economy on GTNP by 15%, incorrectly estimating it at 75% rather than the sounder figure of 60% of total jobs.
","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE Journals","doi":"10.5367/000000006776387105","usgsCitation":"Loomis, J., and Caughlan, L., 2006, The importance of adjusting for trip purpose in regional economic analyses of tourist destinations: Tourism Economics, v. 12, no. 1, p. 33-43, https://doi.org/10.5367/000000006776387105.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"43","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a85e4b07f02db64d876","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loomis, J.","contributorId":41785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loomis","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caughlan, L.","contributorId":38498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caughlan","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174745,"text":"70174745 - 2006 - Riparian willow restoration at Arapaho National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-15T09:16:32","indexId":"70174745","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5140,"text":"The Green Line, Colorado Riparian Association Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Riparian willow restoration at Arapaho National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"Riparian willow communities along the Illinois River at Arapaho National Wildlife Refuge in North Park near Walden, Colorado, provide important habitat for a number of wildlife species, including neotropical migratory birds. Existing stands in the northern (downstream) portion of the refuge are sparse and discontinuous (Photo 1) compared to upstream portions of the Illinois River and the parallel Michigan River.
","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado Riparian Association","usgsCitation":"Auble, G., Roelle, J., and TImberman, A., 2006, Riparian willow restoration at Arapaho National Wildlife Refuge: The Green Line, Colorado Riparian Association Newsletter, v. 17, no. 4, p. 1-5.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325297,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://coloradoriparian.org/riparian-willow-restoration-at-arapaho-national-wildlife-refuge/"},{"id":325298,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578a0932e4b0c1aacab7d436","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auble, G.T.","contributorId":19505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roelle, J. E.","contributorId":88292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"TImberman, A.","contributorId":172914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"TImberman","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":77646,"text":"fs20063071 - 2006 - Tamarisk control, water salvage, and wildlife habitat restoration along rivers in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T14:53:38","indexId":"fs20063071","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3071","title":"Tamarisk control, water salvage, and wildlife habitat restoration along rivers in the western United States","docAbstract":"In the latter part of the 19th century, species of the nonnative shrub tamarisk (also called saltcedar; for example, Tamarix ramosissima, T. chinensis) were introduced to the United States for use as ornamental plants for erosion control. By 1877, some naturalized populations had become established, and by the 1960s, tamarisk was present along most rivers in the semi-arid and arid parts of the West and was quite abundant along downstream ranches of the major southwest rivers such as the Colorado, Rio Grande, Gila, and Pecos. The principal period of tamarisk invasion coincided with changing physical conditions along western rivers associated with the construction and operation of dams. In many cases, these altered physical conditions appear to have been more favorable for tamarisk than native riparian competitors like cottonwoods and willows (Populus and Salix; Glenn and Nagler, 2005).
\nThe great abundance of tamarisk along western rivers has led resource managers to seek to control it for various reasons, including a desire to (1) increase the flow of water in streams that might otherwise be lost to evapotranspiration (ET) (evapotranspiration is the combination of water lost as vapor from a soil or open water surface [evaporation] and water lost from the surface of the plant, usually from the stomata [transpiration]); (2) restore native riparian vegetation (here, “riparian” refers to the banks and flood plains of rivers, or shorelines of reservoirs or lakes); and (3) improve wildlife habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20063071","usgsCitation":"Shafroth, P.B., 2006, Tamarisk control, water salvage, and wildlife habitat restoration along rivers in the western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3071, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063071.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122338,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3071.jpg"},{"id":320234,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3071/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adde4b07f02db686d46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79230,"text":"fs20063108 - 2006 - Conservation genetics in the USGS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T19:32:58","indexId":"fs20063108","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3108","title":"Conservation genetics in the USGS","docAbstract":"Conservation genetics is the application of the tools and concepts of genetics to the conservation of biological resources. Once too sophisticated and expensive for routine use, the tools of conservation genetics are now widely used to address many complex management questions. These novel methods of analysis can augment assessments made with traditional methods and can bring new information to light. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is well suited to provide scientific information and expertise using these tools to support the management of biological resources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20063108","usgsCitation":"Jacobs, R., Haig, S., Talbot, S.L., Winton, J., King, T., and Kendall, K., 2006, Conservation genetics in the USGS: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3108, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063108.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3108.jpg"},{"id":8689,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3108/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2f60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobs, Ruth","contributorId":81193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobs","given":"Ruth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, Susan","contributorId":98819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winton, James","contributorId":53897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"King, Tim","contributorId":83179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Tim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kendall, Kate","contributorId":14517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Kate","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":76779,"text":"ofr20061033 - 2006 - Use of NEXRAD to study shorebird migration in the Prairie Pothole region: A feasibility study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T14:46:01","indexId":"ofr20061033","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1033","title":"Use of NEXRAD to study shorebird migration in the Prairie Pothole region: A feasibility study","docAbstract":"An essential component of shorebird conservation is identifying, protecting, and managing high-priority stopover sites and migration habitats crucial to the long-term persistence of migrating shorebirds. Because of the tremendous variability in migrant shorebird occurrence patterns in the Prairie Pothole Region of the U.S. (Skagen 1997), it is labor- and cost-intensive to locate the majority of sites used heavily by shorebirds in any one migration period. Because WSR-88D (Weather Surveillance Radar – 1988 Doppler) or NEXRAD (NEXt generation weather RADar) has been useful for locating migrating birds and revealing migration patterns and important roosting sites of some species (e.g., Diehl and others 2003, Gauthreaux and Belser 2003), we undertook a pilot field study to determine wheTHER it also might be feasible to use NEXRAD for locating important stopover sites used by migrating shorebirds in the prairie potholes landscape. Coordinated efforts to advance the applicability of radar technology to bird conservation are underway (Ruth and others 2005).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061033","usgsCitation":"Melcher, C.P., Skagen, S.K., and Randall, L., 2006, Use of NEXRAD to study shorebird migration in the Prairie Pothole region: A feasibility study: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1033, Report: iii, 8 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061033.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 8 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190679,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061033.PNG"},{"id":320241,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1033/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":320242,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1033/appendix.ppt"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6051ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Melcher, Cynthia P. 0000-0002-8044-9689 melcherc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8044-9689","contributorId":5094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcher","given":"Cynthia","email":"melcherc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skagen, Susan K. 0000-0002-6744-1244 skagens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":2009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"Susan","email":"skagens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":287884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Randall, Lori 0000-0003-0100-994X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0100-994X","contributorId":10879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"Lori","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}