{"pageNumber":"246","pageRowStart":"6125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10957,"records":[{"id":70026058,"text":"70026058 - 2003 - Lithospheric buoyancy and continental intraplate stresses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-29T15:00:21.292928","indexId":"70026058","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithospheric buoyancy and continental intraplate stresses","docAbstract":"Lithospheric buoyancy, the product of lithospheric density and thickness, is an important physical property that influences both the long-term stability of continents and their state of stress. We have determined lithospheric buoyancy by applying the simple isostatic model of Lachenbruch and Morgan (1990). We determine the crustal portion of lithospheric buoyancy using the USGS global database of more than 1700 crustal structure determinations (Mooney et al., 2002), which demonstrates that a simple relationship between crustal thickness and surface elevation does not exist. In fact, major regions of the crust at or near sea level (0-200 m elevation) have crustal thicknesses that vary between 25 and 55 km. Predicted elevations due to the crustal component of buoyancy in the model exceed observed elevations in nearly all cases (97% of the data), consistent with the existence of a cool lithospheric mantle lid that is denser than the asthenosphere on which it floats. The difference between the observed and predicted crustal elevation is assumed to be equal to the decrease in elevation produced by the negative buoyancy of the mantle lid. Mantle lid thickness was first estimated from the mantle buoyancy and a mean lid density computed using a basal crust temperature determined from extrapolation of surface heat flow, assuming a linear thermal gradient in the mantle lid. The resulting values of total lithosphere thickness are in good agreement with thicknesses estimated from seismic data, except beneath cratonic regions where they are only 40-60% of the typical estimates (200-350 km) derived from seismic data. This inconsistency is compatible with petrologic data and tomography and geoid analyses that have suggested that cratonic mantle lids are ??? 1% less dense than mantle lids elsewhere. By lowering the thermally determined mean mantle lid density in cratons by 1%, our model reproduces the observed 200-350+ km cratonic lithospheric thickness. We then computed gravitational potential energy by taking a vertical integral over the computed lithosphere density. Our computed values suggest that the thick roots beneath cratons lead to strong negative potential energy differences relative to surrounding regions, and hence exert compressive stresses superimposed on the intraplate stresses derived from plate boundary forces. Forces related to this lithosphere structure thus may explain the dominance of reverse-faulting earthquakes in cratons. Areas of high elevation and a thin mantle lid (e.g., western U.S. Basin and Range, East African rift, and Baikal rift) are predicted to be in extension, consistent with the observed stress regime in these areas.","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.2747/0020-6814.45.2.95","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"Zoback, M., and Mooney, W.D., 2003, Lithospheric buoyancy and continental intraplate stresses: International Geology Review, v. 45, no. 2, p. 95-118, https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.45.2.95.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4893e4b0c8380cd67f74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zoback, M.L.","contributorId":12982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":407739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026033,"text":"70026033 - 2003 - Quantitative PCR analysis of CYP1A induction in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70026033","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative PCR analysis of CYP1A induction in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)","docAbstract":"Environmental pollutants are hypothesized to be one of the causes of recent declines in wild populations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) across Eastern Canada and the United States. Some of these pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins, are known to induce expression of the CYP1A subfamily of genes. We applied a highly sensitive technique, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), for measuring the levels of CYP1A induction in Atlantic salmon. This assay was used to detect patterns of CYP1A mRNA levels, a direct measure of CYP1A expression, in Atlantic salmon exposed to pollutants under both laboratory and field conditions. Two groups of salmon were acclimated to 11 and 17??C, respectively. Each subject then received an intraperitoneal injection (50 mg kg-1) of either ??-naphthoflavone (BNF) in corn oil (10 mg BNF ml-1 corn oil) or corn oil alone. After 48 h, salmon gill, kidney, liver, and brain were collected for RNA isolation and analysis. All tissues showed induction of CYP1A by BNF. The highest base level of CYP1A expression (2.56??1010 molecules/??g RNA) was found in gill tissue. Kidney had the highest mean induction at five orders of magnitude while gill tissue showed the lowest mean induction at two orders of magnitude. The quantitative RT-PCR was also applied to salmon sampled from two streams in Massachusetts, USA. Salmon liver and gill tissue sampled from Millers River (South Royalston, Worcester County), known to contain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), showed on average a two orders of magnitude induction over those collected from a stream with no known contamination (Fourmile Brook, Northfield, Franklin County). Overall, the data show CYP1A exists and is inducible in Atlantic salmon gill, brain, kidney, and liver tissue. In addition, the results obtained demonstrate that quantitative PCR analysis of CYP1A expression is useful in studying ecotoxicity in populations of Atlantic salmon in the wild. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-445X(02)00062-0","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Rees, C., McCormick, S., Vanden, H., and Li, W., 2003, Quantitative PCR analysis of CYP1A induction in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Aquatic Toxicology, v. 62, no. 1, p. 67-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(02)00062-0.","startPage":"67","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208677,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(02)00062-0"},{"id":234584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91f8e4b0c8380cd80594","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rees, C.B.","contributorId":7058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rees","given":"C.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":407605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vanden, Heuvel","contributorId":55616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanden","given":"Heuvel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, W.","contributorId":85361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026020,"text":"70026020 - 2003 - Gravity and magnetic expression of the San Leandro gabbro with implications for the geometry and evolution of the Hayward Fault zone, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-19T16:17:12.456782","indexId":"70026020","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gravity and magnetic expression of the San Leandro gabbro with implications for the geometry and evolution of the Hayward Fault zone, northern California","docAbstract":"The Hayward Fault, one of the most hazardous faults in northern California, trends north-northwest and extends for about 90 km along the eastern San Francisco Bay region. At numerous locations along its length, distinct and elongate gravity and magnetic anomalies correlate with mapped mafic and ultramafic rocks. The most prominent of these anomalies reflects the 16-km-long San Leandro gabbroic block. Inversion of magnetic and gravity data constrained with physical property measurements is used to define the subsurface extent of the San Leandro gabbro body and to speculate on its origin and relationship to the Hayward Fault Zone. Modeling indicates that the San Leandro gabbro body is about 3 km wide, dips about 75??-80?? northeast, and extends to a depth of at least 6 km. One of the most striking results of the modeling, which was performed independently of seismicity data, is that accurately relocated seismicity is concentrated along the western edge or stratigraphically lower bounding surface of the San Leandro gabbro. The western boundary of the San Leandro gabbro block is the base of an incomplete ophiolite sequence and represented at one time, a low-angle roof thrust related to the tectonic wedging of the Franciscan Complex. After repeated episodes of extension and attenuation, the roof thrust of this tectonic wedge was rotated to near vertical, and in places, the strike-slip Hayward Fault probably reactivated or preferentially followed this pre-existing feature. Because earthquakes concentrate near the edge of the San Leandro gabbro but tend to avoid its interior, we qualitatively explore mechanical models to explain how this massive igneous block may influence the distribution of stress. The microseismicity cluster along the western flank of the San Leandro gabbro leads us to suggest that this stressed volume may be the site of future moderate to large earthquakes. Improved understanding of the three-dimensional geometry and physical properties along the Hayward Fault will provide additional constraints on seismic hazard probability, earthquake modeling, and fault interactions that are applicable to other major strike-slip faults around the world.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020013","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Ponce, D., Hildenbrand, T., and Jachens, R., 2003, Gravity and magnetic expression of the San Leandro gabbro with implications for the geometry and evolution of the Hayward Fault zone, northern California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 1, p. 14-26, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020013.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387243,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Hayward Fault zone, northern California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.200927734375,\n              39.095962936305476\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.7447509765625,\n              39.2492708462234\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.02490234375,\n              39.104488809440475\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.3822021484375,\n              38.14751758025121\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1844482421875,\n              37.714244967649265\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.497802734375,\n              36.954281585675965\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.10229492187501,\n              36.677230602346214\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.51977539062499,\n              37.99183365313853\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.200927734375,\n              39.095962936305476\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a05e4b0c8380cd5ae21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponce, D. A. 0000-0003-4785-7354","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":104019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildenbrand, T.G.","contributorId":83892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025939,"text":"70025939 - 2003 - Estimating locations and magnitudes of earthquakes in eastern North America from Modified Mercalli intensities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-17T01:04:14.227684","indexId":"70025939","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating locations and magnitudes of earthquakes in eastern North America from Modified Mercalli intensities","docAbstract":"<p>We use 28 calibration events (3.7 &lt; or = M &lt; or = 7.3) from Texas to the Grand Banks, Newfoundland, to develop a Modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) model and associated site corrections for estimating source parameters of historical earthquakes in eastern North America. The model, MMI = 1.41 + 1.68 XM - 0.00345X Delta - 2.08log (Delta), where Delta is the distance in kilometers from the epicenter and M is moment magnitude, provides unbiased estimates of M and its uncertainty, and, if site corrections are used, of source location. The model can be used for the analysis of historical earthquakes with only a few MMI assignments. We use this model, MMI site corrections, and Bakun and Wentworth's (1997 technique to estimate M and the epicenter for three important historical earthquakes. The intensity magnitude M1 is 6.1 for the 18 November 1755 earthquake near Cape Ann, Massachusetts; 6.0 for the 5 January 1843 earthquake near Marked Tree, Arkansas; and 6.0 for the 31 October 1895 earthquake. The 1895 event probably occurred in southern Illinois, about 100 km north of the site of significant ground failure effects near Charleston, Missouri.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020087","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Bakun, W.H., Johnston, A.C., and Hopper, M.G., 2003, Estimating locations and magnitudes of earthquakes in eastern North America from Modified Mercalli intensities: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 1, p. 190-202, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020087.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"190","endPage":"202","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":421926,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -101.77615017574712,\n              49.85969549130496\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.77615017574712,\n              28.17918988486774\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.61990017574733,\n              28.17918988486774\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.61990017574733,\n              49.85969549130496\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.77615017574712,\n              49.85969549130496\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b28e4b0c8380cd525d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, A. C.","contributorId":85574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hopper, M. G.","contributorId":39389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopper","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025923,"text":"70025923 - 2003 - Site response, shallow shear-wave velocity, and wave propagation at the San Jose, California, dense seismic array","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-25T15:59:39","indexId":"70025923","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Site response, shallow shear-wave velocity, and wave propagation at the San Jose, California, dense seismic array","docAbstract":"<p>Ground-motion records from a 52-element dense seismic array near San Jose, California, are analyzed to obtain site response, shallow shear-wave velocity, and plane-wave propagation characteristics. The array, located on the eastern side of the Santa Clara Valley south of the San Francisco Bay, is sited over the Evergreen basin, a 7-km-deep depression with Miocene and younger deposits. Site response values below 4 Hz are up to a factor of 2 greater when larger, regional records are included in the analysis, due to strong surface-wave development within the Santa Clara Valley. The pattern of site amplification is the same, however, with local or regional events. Site amplification increases away from the eastern edge of the Santa Clara Valley, reaching a maximum over the western edge of the Evergreen basin, where the pre-Cenozoic basement shallows rapidly. Amplification then decreases further to the west. This pattern may be caused by lower shallow shear-wave velocities and thicker Quaternary deposits further from the edge of the Santa Clara Valley and generation/trapping of surface waves above the shallowing basement of the western Evergreen basin. Shear-wave velocities from the inversion of site response spectra based on smaller, local earthquakes compare well with those obtained independently from our seismic reflection/refraction measurements. Velocities from the inversion of site spectra that include larger, regional records do not compare well with these measurements. A mix of local and regional events, however, is appropriate for determination of site response to be used in seismic hazard evaluation, since large damaging events would excite both body and surface waves with a wide range in ray parameters. Frequency-wavenumber, plane-wave analysis is used to determine the backazimuth and apparent velocity of coherent phases at the array. Conventional, high-resolution, and multiple signal characterization f-k power spectra and stacked slowness power spectra are compared. These spectra show surface waves generated/ scattered at the edges of the Santa Clara Valley and possibly within the valley at the western edge of the Evergreen basin.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford","doi":"10.1785/0120020080","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S., Carver, D., Williams, R.A., Harmsen, S., and Zerva, A., 2003, Site response, shallow shear-wave velocity, and wave propagation at the San Jose, California, dense seismic array: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 1, p. 443-464, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020080.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"443","endPage":"464","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.43988037109374,\n              37.111050607616356\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.43988037109374,\n              37.554376365024865\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.72302246093749,\n              37.554376365024865\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.72302246093749,\n              37.111050607616356\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.43988037109374,\n              37.111050607616356\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90f9e4b08c986b31970f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carver, D.","contributorId":22792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carver","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, R. A.","contributorId":82323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harmsen, S.","contributorId":79600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmsen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zerva, A.","contributorId":107899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zerva","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025883,"text":"70025883 - 2003 - Tidal truncation and barotropic convergence in a channel network tidally driven from opposing entrances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T18:11:30","indexId":"70025883","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tidal truncation and barotropic convergence in a channel network tidally driven from opposing entrances","docAbstract":"<p>Residual circulation patterns in a channel network that is tidally driven from entrances on opposite sides are controlled by the temporal phasing and spatial asymmetry of the two forcing tides. The Napa/Sonoma Marsh Complex in San Francisco Bay, CA, is such a system. A sill on the west entrance to the system prevents a complete tidal range at spring tides that results in tidal truncation of water levels. Tidal truncation does not occur on the east side but asymmetries develop due to friction and off-channel wetland storage. The east and west asymmetric tides meet in the middle to produce a barotropic convergence zone that controls the transport of water and sediment. During spring tides, tidally averaged water-surface elevations are higher on the truncated west side. This creates tidally averaged fluxes of water and sediment to the east. During neap tides, the water levels are not truncated and the propagation speed of the tides controls residual circulation, creating a tidally averaged flux in the opposite direction. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0272-7714(02)00213-5","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Warner, J., Schoellhamer, D., and Schladow, G., 2003, Tidal truncation and barotropic convergence in a channel network tidally driven from opposing entrances: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 56, no. 3-4, p. 629-639, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(02)00213-5.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"629","endPage":"639","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"Napa/Sonoma Marsh Complex, San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.79394531249999,\n              37.45741810262938\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.728515625,\n              37.45741810262938\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.728515625,\n              38.44498466889473\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.79394531249999,\n              38.44498466889473\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.79394531249999,\n              37.45741810262938\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb37ce4b08c986b325df6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, J.C.","contributorId":46644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D.","contributorId":88530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schladow, G.","contributorId":68074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schladow","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025876,"text":"70025876 - 2003 - The early Mesozoic Birdsboro central Atlantic margin basin in the Mid-Atlantic region, eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70025876","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The early Mesozoic Birdsboro central Atlantic margin basin in the Mid-Atlantic region, eastern United States","docAbstract":"The early Mesozoic Birdsboro basin (new name) was a single, elongate depositional trough in the present Mid-Atlantic area of the eastern United States, extending north-eastward from central Virginia across Maryland, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey into southern New York. What now remains after erosion comprises the Barboursville, Culpeper, Gettysburg, and Newark remnants. Some 7?? km of late Triassic and early Jurassic continental sediments of varying provenances entered and spread across in the Birdsboro basin in several depositional environments. The five resulting sedimentary lithosomes include feldspathic sandstone, quartzose sandstone, red silty mudstone, gray shale, and fanglomerate. The extensive interbedding, intertonguing, and lateral gradation among these lithosomes suggest that they were contemporary and closely interrelated. The feldspathic sandstone lithosome contains sediment with a southeastern provenance that accumulated in a bajada environment extending the length of the southeastern side of the basin. Sediment in the quartzose sandstone lithosome had a northwestern provenance-the coarse-grained fraction formed regional alluvial fans at the mouths of four major input centers. The finer-grained fraction was deposited in the distal reaches of these fans and in the playa environments in the interfan areas; this fraction formed the red silty mudstone lithosome. Gray/black shales and argillites of the gray shale lithosome accumulated in lacustrine environments in the interfan areas. The fanglomerate lithosome comprises numerous small, lobate deposits of poorly sorted sediment along both basin margins. The location and time of activity of the northwest input centers largely determined the distribution and areal extent of the various depositional environments and consequent lithosome along the length and across the width of the basin. The Birdsboro basin was deformed (tilted, faulted, and folded) sometime after the deposition of the youngest preserved rocks (early Sinemurian). The deformation varied along the length of the basin, producing differences in the amount of tilting, structural elevation, and subsequent erosion. The present erosional remnants create the illusion of four originally separate depositional basins.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(2003)115<0406:TEMBCA>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Faill, R.T., 2003, The early Mesozoic Birdsboro central Atlantic margin basin in the Mid-Atlantic region, eastern United States: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 115, no. 4, p. 406-421, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2003)115<0406:TEMBCA>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"406","endPage":"421","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208873,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2003)115<0406:TEMBCA>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baaede4b08c986b322add","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faill, R. T.","contributorId":79639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faill","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025871,"text":"70025871 - 2003 - Avian use of natural versus planted woodlands in eastern South Dakota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-21T16:22:53.872965","indexId":"70025871","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian use of natural versus planted woodlands in eastern South Dakota, USA","docAbstract":"We compared avian use of naturally occurring and planted woodlands in eastern South Dakota, USA, to evaluate whether planted woodlands support the same avian communities as natural woodlands. A stratified cluster sample was used to randomly select 307 public areas in which to survey planted (n = 425) and natural (n = 99) woodland patches. Eighty-five species of birds were detected in eastern South Dakota woodlands, 36 of which occurred in ??? 5 of 524 patches surveyed. The probability of occurrence for 8 of 13 woodland-obligate species was significantly greater in natural woodland habitats than in planted woodland habitats. Four of these species breed in relatively high numbers in eastern South Dakota. Only one woodland-obligate occurred less frequently in natural woodlands. Probability of occurrence for 6 edge and generalist species, including the brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater [Boddaert]), was significantly higher in planted woodlands. The avian community of planted woodlands was dominated by edge and generalist species. The homogeneous vegetation structure typical of planted woodlands does not appear to provide the habitat characteristics needed by woodland-obligate birds. We conclude that planted woodlands do not support significant numbers of woodland-obligate species and may negatively impact grassland-nesting birds by attracting edge and generalist bird species and predators into previously treeless habitats. Planted woodlands cannot be considered equal replacement habitats for natural woodland patches when managing for nongame woodland bird species. However, the preservation and maintenance of natural woodlands is critical for woodland-obligate species diversity in the northern Great Plains.","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Association","issn":"08858608","usgsCitation":"Bakker, K.K., and Higgins, K., 2003, Avian use of natural versus planted woodlands in eastern South Dakota, USA: Natural Areas Journal, v. 23, no. 2, p. 121-128.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"128","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404239,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43912219"},{"id":234830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n         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]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef74e4b0c8380cd4a257","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakker, Kristel K.","contributorId":16201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakker","given":"Kristel","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higgins, Kenneth F.","contributorId":272584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higgins","given":"Kenneth F.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":406896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025868,"text":"70025868 - 2003 - Development of hardwood seed zones for Tennessee using a geographic information system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-22T19:40:47.846942","indexId":"70025868","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3447,"text":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of hardwood seed zones for Tennessee using a geographic information system","docAbstract":"<p><span>For species that have no or limited information on genetic variation and adaptability to nonnative sites, there is a need for seed collection guidelines based on biological, climatological, and/or geographical criteria. Twenty-eight hardwood species are currently grown for reforestation purposes at the East Tennessee State Nursery. The majority of these species have had no genetic testing to define guidelines for seed collection location and can be distributed to sites that have a very different environment than that of seed origin(s). Poor survival and/or growth may result if seedlings are not adapted to environmental conditions at the planting location. To address this problem, 30 yr of Tennessee county precipitation and minimum temperature data were analyzed and grouped using a centroid hierarchical cluster analysis. The weather data and elevational data were entered into a Geographic Information System (GIS) and separately layered over Bailey's Ecoregions to develop a seed zone system for Tennessee. The seed zones can be used as a practical guideline for collecting seeds to ensure that the resulting seedlings will be adapted to planting environments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford","doi":"10.1093/sjaf/27.3.172","issn":"01484419","usgsCitation":"Post, L., Schlarbaum, S., Van Manen, F., Cecich, R., Saxton, A., and Schneider, J., 2003, Development of hardwood seed zones for Tennessee using a geographic information system: Southern Journal of Applied Forestry, v. 27, no. 3, p. 172-175, https://doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/27.3.172.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"172","endPage":"175","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/27.3.172","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"East Tennessee Nursery","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.53704833984375,\n              35.3425748600064\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.47113037109375,\n              35.3425748600064\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.47113037109375,\n              35.39352808136067\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.53704833984375,\n              35.39352808136067\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.53704833984375,\n              35.3425748600064\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0058e4b0c8380cd4f6f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Post, L.S.","contributorId":80873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schlarbaum, S.E.","contributorId":18943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlarbaum","given":"S.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Manen, F.","contributorId":25329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Manen","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cecich, R.A.","contributorId":84958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecich","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Saxton, A.M.","contributorId":36341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saxton","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schneider, J.F.","contributorId":16200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70025859,"text":"70025859 - 2003 - Escherichia coli and enterococci at beaches in the Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan: Sources, characteristics, and environmental pathways","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T10:01:27","indexId":"70025859","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Escherichia coli and enterococci at beaches in the Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan: Sources, characteristics, and environmental pathways","docAbstract":"This study quantified Escherichia coli(EC) and enterococci (ENT) in beach waters and dominant source materials, correlated these with ambient conditions, and determined selected EC genotypes and ENT phenotypes. Bathing-water ENT criteria were exceeded more frequently than EC criteria, providing conflicting interpretations of water quality. Dominant sources of EC and ENT were bird feces (108/d/bird), storm drains (107/d), and river water (1011/d); beach sands, shallow groundwater and detritus were additional sources. Beach-water EC genotypes and ENT phenotypes formed clusters with those from all source types, reflecting diffuse inputs. Some ENT isolates had phenotypes similar to those of human pathogens and/or exhibited high-level resistance to human-use antibiotics. EC and ENT concentrations were influenced by collection time and wind direction. There was a 48-72-h lag between rainfall and elevated EC concentrations at three southern shoreline beaches, but no such lag at western and eastern shoreline beaches, reflecting the influence of beach orientation with respect to cyclic (3-5 d) summer weather patterns. In addition to local contamination sources and processes, conceptual or predictive models of Great Lakes beach water quality should consider regional weather patterns, lake hydrodynamics, and the influence of monitoring method variables (time of day, frequency).","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es021062n","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Haack, S., Fogarty, L., and Wright, C., 2003, Escherichia coli and enterococci at beaches in the Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan: Sources, characteristics, and environmental pathways: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 37, no. 15, p. 3275-3282, https://doi.org/10.1021/es021062n.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3275","endPage":"3282","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208707,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es021062n"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Grand Traverse Bay","volume":"37","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a5de4b0c8380cd52311","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haack, S.K.","contributorId":26457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fogarty, L.R.","contributorId":27236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogarty","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, C.","contributorId":69589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025773,"text":"70025773 - 2003 - Baseflow and stormflow metal fluxes from two small agricultural catchments in the Coastal Plain of the Chesapeake Bay Basin, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70025773","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Baseflow and stormflow metal fluxes from two small agricultural catchments in the Coastal Plain of the Chesapeake Bay Basin, United States","docAbstract":"Annual yields (fluxes per unit area) of Al, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, As and Se were estimated for two small non-tidal stream catchments on the Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay, United States - a poorly drained dissected-upland watershed in the Nanticoke River Basin, and a well-drained feeder tributary in the lower reaches of the Chester River Basin. Both watersheds are dominated by agriculture. A hydrograph-separation technique was used to determine the baseflow and stormflow components of metal yields, thus providing important insights into the effects of hydrology and climate on the transport of metals. Concentrations of suspended-sediment were used as a less-costly proxy of metal concentrations which are generally associated with particles. Results were compared to other studies in Chesapeake Bay and to general trends in metal concentrations across the United States. The study documented a larger than background yield of Zn and Co from the upper Nanticoke River Basin and possibly enriched concentrations of As, Cd and Se from both the upper Nanticoke River and the Chesterville Branch (a tributary of the lower Chester River). The annual yield of total Zn from the Nanticoke River Basin in 1998 was 18,000 g/km2/a, and was two to three times higher than yields reported from comparable river basins in the region. Concentrations of Cd also were high in both basins when compared to crustal concentrations and to other national data, but were within reasonable agreement with other Chesapeake Bay studies. Thus, Cd may be enriched locally either in natural materials or from agriculture.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00103-8","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Miller, C., Foster, G., and Majedi, B., 2003, Baseflow and stormflow metal fluxes from two small agricultural catchments in the Coastal Plain of the Chesapeake Bay Basin, United States: Applied Geochemistry, v. 18, no. 4, p. 483-501, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00103-8.","startPage":"483","endPage":"501","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208628,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00103-8"},{"id":234498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efd4e4b0c8380cd4a48c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, C.V.","contributorId":41026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"C.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, G.D.","contributorId":98464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Majedi, B.F.","contributorId":108289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majedi","given":"B.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025761,"text":"70025761 - 2003 - Habitat use and movements of repatriated Wyoming toads","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T18:45:35.852481","indexId":"70025761","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use and movements of repatriated Wyoming toads","docAbstract":"<p><span>We studied&nbsp;</span>habitat<span>&nbsp;use and&nbsp;</span>movements<span>&nbsp;of a&nbsp;</span>repatriated<span>&nbsp;population of federally endangered&nbsp;</span>Wyoming<span>&nbsp;</span>toads<span>&nbsp;(Bufo baxteri) after the breeding season at Mortenson Lake, Albany County,&nbsp;</span>Wyoming<span>, USA. We followed 8 adult&nbsp;</span>toads<span>&nbsp;using telemetry (n = 68 relocations) during periods of activity and observed 59 post-metamorphic juvenile&nbsp;</span>toads<span>&nbsp;(n = 59 locations). Adult&nbsp;</span>toads<span>&nbsp;used&nbsp;</span>habitat<span>&nbsp;with a greater mean vegetation canopy cover (mean = 52.6%) than juveniles (mean = 39.20%). We found adults farther from the shoreline (mean = 1.32 m) than juveniles (mean = 1.04 m). Substrates used by&nbsp;</span>toads<span>&nbsp;had a mean surface temperature of 20.31°C for adults and 23.05°C for juveniles. We found most adult and juvenile&nbsp;</span>toads<span>&nbsp;on saturated substrates. All adult&nbsp;</span>toads<span>&nbsp;sampled did not move outside of a 30 x 500 m area along the east-to-south shore where they were captured.&nbsp;</span>Toads<span>&nbsp;were active diurnally through the end of October. We found&nbsp;</span>toads<span>&nbsp;torpid at night. We compared our results to a similar study of the historic population and found that adult&nbsp;</span>toads<span>&nbsp;of the current population used denser vegetation than those of the historic population. Unlike many bufonids, terrestrial stages of the&nbsp;</span>Wyoming<span>&nbsp;</span>toad<span>&nbsp;appear to depend on saturated substrates. The best logistic regression predictors of adult and juvenile&nbsp;</span>toad<span>&nbsp;presence were surface temperature and distance to shore. Survey transects within the moist margin of the lake (≤10 m from water) and after substrates have reached temperatures ≥20°C will likely yield more detections.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802784","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Parker, J., and Anderson, S., 2003, Habitat use and movements of repatriated Wyoming toads: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 67, no. 2, p. 439-446, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802784.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"446","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388299,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.005859375,\n              41.07935114946899\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0625,\n              41.07935114946899\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0625,\n              44.99588261816546\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.005859375,\n              44.99588261816546\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.005859375,\n              41.07935114946899\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"67","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f36e4b0c8380cd5cbb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, J.M.","contributorId":87497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, S.H.","contributorId":33667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025735,"text":"70025735 - 2003 - Middle Devonian to Early Carboniferous event stratigraphy of Devils Gate and Northern Antelope Range sections, Nevada, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-03T14:41:41.015458","indexId":"70025735","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1145,"text":"CFS Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Middle Devonian to Early Carboniferous event stratigraphy of Devils Gate and Northern Antelope Range sections, Nevada, U.S.A","docAbstract":"The classic type section of the Devils Gate Limestone at Devils Gate Pass is situated on the eastern slope of a proto-Antler forebulge that resulted from convergence of the west side of the North American continent with an ocean plate. The original Late Devonian forebulge, the site of which is now located between Devils Gate Pass and the Northern Antelope Range, separated the continental-rise to deep-slope Woodruff basin on the west from the backbulge Pilot basin on the east. Two connections between these basins are recorded by deeper water siltstone beds at Devils Gate; the older one is the lower tongue of the Woodruff Formation, which forms the basal unit of the upper member of the type Devils Gate, and the upper one is the overlying, thin lower member of the Pilot Shale. The forebulge and the backbulge Pilot basin originated during the middle Frasnian (early Late Devonian) Early hassi Zone, shortly following the Alamo Impact within the punctata Zone in southern Nevada. Evidence of this impact is recorded by coeval and reworked shocked quartz grains in the Northern Antelope Range and possibly by a unique bypass-channel or megatsunami-uprush sandy diamictite within carbonate-platform rocks of the lower member of the type Devils Gate Limestone. Besides the Alamo Impact and three regional events, two other important global events are recorded in the Devils Gate section. The semichatovae eustatic rise, the maximum Late Devonian flooding event, coincides with the sharp lithogenetic change at the discordant boundary above the lower member of the Devils Gate Limestone. Most significantly, the Devils Gate section contains the thickest and most complete rock record in North America across the late Frasnian linguiformis Zone mass extinction event. Excellent exposures include not only the extinction shale, but also a younger. Early triangularis Zone tsunamite breccia, produced by global collapse of carbonate platforms during a shallowing event that continued into the next younger Famennian Stage. The Northern Antelope Range section is located near the top of the west side of the proto-Antler forebulge. Because of its unusual, tectonically active location, unmatched at any other Nevada localities, this section records only four regional and global events during a timespan slightly longer than that of the Devils Gate section. The global semichatovae rise and late Frasnian mass extinction event are largely masked because of the depositional complexities resulting from this location.","language":"German","publisher":"Schweizerbart Science Publishing","issn":"03414116","usgsCitation":"Sandberg, C., Morrow, J.R., Poole, F.G., and Ziegler, W., 2003, Middle Devonian to Early Carboniferous event stratigraphy of Devils Gate and Northern Antelope Range sections, Nevada, U.S.A: CFS Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, no. 242, p. 187-207.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"207","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":401684,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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,{"id":70025717,"text":"70025717 - 2003 - Winter-time circulation and sediment transport in the Hudson Shelf Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-05T19:04:24","indexId":"70025717","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter-time circulation and sediment transport in the Hudson Shelf Valley","docAbstract":"The Hudson Shelf Valley is a bathymetric low that extends across the continental shelf offshore of New York and New Jersey. From December 1999 to April 2000 a field experiment was carried out to investigate the transport of sediment in the shelf and valley system. Near-bed tripods and water-column moorings were deployed at water depths from 38 to 75 m in the axis of the shelf valley and at about 26 m on the adjacent shelves offshore of New Jersey and Long Island, New York. These measured suspended sediment concentrations, current velocities, waves, and water column properties. This paper analyzes observations made during December 1999 and January 2000, and presents the first direct near-bed measurements of suspended sediment concentration and sediment flux from the region. Sediment transport within the Hudson Shelf Valley was coherent over tens of kilometers, and usually aligned with the axis of the shelf valley. Down-valley (off-shore) transport was associated with energetic waves, winds from the east, moderate current velocities (5-10 cm/s), and sea level setup at Sandy Hook, NJ. Up-valley (shoreward) transport occurred frequently, and was associated with winds from the west, low wave energy, high current velocities (20-40 cm/s), and sea level set-down at the coast. Within the shelf valley, net sediment flux (the product of near-bed concentration and velocity) was directed shoreward, up the axis of the valley. Current velocities and suspended sediment fluxes on the New York and New Jersey continental shelves were lower than within the shelf valley, and exhibited greater variability in alignment. Longer term meteorological data indicate that wind, setup, and wave conditions during the study period were more conducive to up-valley transport than seasonal data suggest as average. To relate the observed up-valley sediment flux to observed accumulation of contaminants within the Hudson Shelf Valley requires consideration of transport over longer timescales than those observed here, and methods that account for the region's complex bathymetry, sediment distribution, and circulation. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0278-4343(03)00025-6","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Harris, C.K., Butman, B., and Traykovski, P., 2003, Winter-time circulation and sediment transport in the Hudson Shelf Valley: Continental Shelf Research, v. 23, no. 8, p. 801-820, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(03)00025-6.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"801","endPage":"820","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208785,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(03)00025-6"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, New York","otherGeospatial":"Hudson Shelf Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.59716796875,\n              39.816975090490004\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.542724609375,\n              39.816975090490004\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.542724609375,\n              41.18692242290296\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.59716796875,\n              41.18692242290296\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.59716796875,\n              39.816975090490004\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd164e4b08c986b32f3de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, C. K.","contributorId":80337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butman, B.","contributorId":85580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Traykovski, P.","contributorId":76484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Traykovski","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025688,"text":"70025688 - 2003 - Nature, origin, and production characteristics of the Lower Silurian regional oil and gas accumulation, central Appalachian basin, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-25T15:33:39.252423","indexId":"70025688","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nature, origin, and production characteristics of the Lower Silurian regional oil and gas accumulation, central Appalachian basin, United States","docAbstract":"<p>Low-permeability sandstones of the Lower Silurian regional oil and gas accumulation cover about 45,000 mi2 (117,000 km<sup>2</sup>) of the Appalachian basin and may contain as much as 30 tcf of recoverable gas resources. Major reservoirs consist of the \"Clinton\" sandstone and Medina Group sandstones. The stratigraphically equivalent Tuscarora Sandstone increases the area of the Lower Silurian regional accumulation (LSRA) by another 30,000 mi2 (78,000 km<sup>2</sup>). Approximately 8.7 tcf of gas and 400 million bbl of oil have been produced from the Clinton/Medina reservoirs since 1880. The eastern predominantly gas-bearing part of the LSRA is a basin-center gas accumulation, whereas the western part is a conventional oil and gas accumulation with hybrid features of a basin-center accumulation. The basin-center accumulations have pervasive gas saturation, water near irreducible saturation, and generally low fluid pressures. In contrast, the hybrid-conventional accumulations have less-pervasive oil and gas saturation, higher mobile-water saturation, and both normal and abnormally low fluid pressures. High mobile-water saturation in the hybrid-conventional reservoirs form the updip trap for the basin-center gas creating a broad transition zone, tens of miles wide, that has characteristics of both end-member accumulation types. Although the Tuscarora Sandstone part of the basin-center gas accumulation is pervasively saturated with gas, most of its constituent sandstone beds have low porosity and permeability. Commercial gas fields in the Tuscarora Sandstone are trapped in naturally fractured, faulted anticlines. The origin of the LSRA includes (1) generation of oil and gas from Ordovician black shales, (2) vertical migration through an overlying 1000-ft (305-m)-thick Ordovician shale; (3) abnormally high fluid pressure created by oil-to-gas transformation; (4) updip displacement of mobile pore water by overpressured gas; (5) entrapment of pervasive gas in the basin center; (6) postorogenic uplift and erosion, causing gas leakage and a marked reduction in fluid pressure. Most future natural-gas production in the Clinton/Medina sandstones is anticipated to come from the basin-center accumulation. The Tuscarora Sandstone has additional gas resources but typically low reservoir porosity and permeability, and the likelihood of low-energy (in British thermal units) gas reduce the incentive to explore for it.</p>","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ryder, R., and Zagorski, W.A., 2003, Nature, origin, and production characteristics of the Lower Silurian regional oil and gas accumulation, central Appalachian basin, United States: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 87, no. 5, p. 847-872.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"847","endPage":"872","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234897,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":412309,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2003/05may/0847/0847.HTM","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky, Maryland, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"central Appalachian basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.22087224995312,\n              37.14193039881482\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.42614268080973,\n              37.7197620463491\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.31817328983345,\n              38.947059857418964\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.06035685512109,\n              40.291781485417175\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.35887688757964,\n              40.53283472868665\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.11968409564065,\n              41.46194866307101\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.35255639040207,\n              42.445720601734195\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.37745041933016,\n              43.14701748304651\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.92670278656017,\n              43.043519715217656\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.78893709803081,\n              43.1347488994127\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.77801944253606,\n              42.587121744523984\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.50725354099583,\n              40.98023587484232\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.25982261636119,\n              39.162997016125445\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.20070809563255,\n              38.310807210443045\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.92309476615338,\n              37.33564764620448\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.22026900493198,\n              37.12180422706956\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.22005305158692,\n              37.10318072027786\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.22087224995312,\n              37.14193039881482\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a63a2e4b0c8380cd725ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryder, R.","contributorId":42765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zagorski, W. A.","contributorId":7476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zagorski","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025667,"text":"70025667 - 2003 - Vertical structure of the phytoplankton community associated with a coastal plume in the Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T19:29:00.944657","indexId":"70025667","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vertical structure of the phytoplankton community associated with a coastal plume in the Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"<p><span>Low salinity plumes of&nbsp;</span>coastal<span>&nbsp;origin are occasionally found far offshore, where they display&nbsp;</span>a<span>&nbsp;distinct color signature detectable by satellites. The impact of such plumes on carbon fixation and&nbsp;</span>phytoplankton<span>&nbsp;</span>community<span>&nbsp;</span>structure<span>&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;</span>vertical<span>&nbsp;profiles and on basin wide scales is poorly understood. On&nbsp;</span>a<span>&nbsp;research cruise&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;June 1999, ocean-color satellite-images (Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor, SeaWiFS) were used&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;locating&nbsp;</span>a<span>&nbsp;Mississippi River&nbsp;</span>plume<span>&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the eastern&nbsp;</span>Gulf<span>&nbsp;of&nbsp;</span>Mexico<span>. Profiles sampled within and outside of the&nbsp;</span>plume<span>&nbsp;were analyzed using flow cytometry, HPLC pigment analysis and primary production using&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C incorporation. Additionally, RubisCO large subunit (rbcL) gene expression was measured by hybridization of extracted RNA using 3 full-length RNA gene probes specific for individual&nbsp;</span>phytoplankton<span>&nbsp;clades. We also used&nbsp;</span>a<span>&nbsp;combination of RT-PCR/PCR and TA cloning&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;order to generate cDNA and DNA rbcL clone libraries from samples taken&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the&nbsp;</span>plume<span>. Primary productivity was greatest&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the low salinity surface layer of the&nbsp;</span>plume<span>. The&nbsp;</span>plume<span>&nbsp;was also&nbsp;</span>associated<span>&nbsp;with high Synechococcus counts and&nbsp;</span>a<span>&nbsp;strong peak&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;Form IA rbcL expression. Form IB rbcL (green algal) mRNA was abundant at the subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM), whereas Form ID rbcL (chromophytic) expression showed little&nbsp;</span>vertical<span>&nbsp;</span>structure<span>. Phylogenetic analysis of cDNA libraries demonstrated the presence of Form IA rbcL Synechococcus phylotypes&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the&nbsp;</span>plume<span>. Below the&nbsp;</span>plume<span>, 2 spatially separated and genetically distinct rbcL clades of Prochlorococcus were observed. This indicated the presence of the high- and low-light adapted clades of Prochlorococcus.&nbsp;</span>A<span>&nbsp;large and very diverse clade of Prymnesiophytes was distributed throughout the water column, whereas&nbsp;</span>a<span>&nbsp;clade of closely related prasinophytes may have dominated at the SCM. These data indicate that the Mississippi river&nbsp;</span>plume<span>&nbsp;may dramatically alter the surface picoplankton composition of the&nbsp;</span>Gulf<span>&nbsp;of&nbsp;</span>Mexico<span>, with Synechococcus displacing Prochlorococcus&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the surface waters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/meps251087","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Wawrik, B., Paul, J., Campbell, L., Griffin, D., Houchin, L., Fuentes-Ortega, A., and Muller-Karger, F., 2003, Vertical structure of the phytoplankton community associated with a coastal plume in the Gulf of Mexico: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 251, p. 87-101, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps251087.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"101","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps251087","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388311,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States, Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.947265625,\n              25.24469595130604\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.8369140625,\n              27.877928333679495\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6171875,\n              29.075375179558346\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.1552734375,\n              30.14512718337613\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.1220703125,\n              29.649868677972304\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.36328125,\n              30.524413269923986\n            ],\n       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L.","contributorId":76914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffin, D.","contributorId":86290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Houchin, L.","contributorId":10967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houchin","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fuentes-Ortega, A.","contributorId":64002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuentes-Ortega","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Muller-Karger, F.","contributorId":68512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller-Karger","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70025554,"text":"70025554 - 2003 - Inferences on the hydrothermal system beneath the resurgent dome in Long Valley Caldera, east-central California, USA, from recent pumping tests and geochemical sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-09T09:59:11","indexId":"70025554","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inferences on the hydrothermal system beneath the resurgent dome in Long Valley Caldera, east-central California, USA, from recent pumping tests and geochemical sampling","docAbstract":"Quaternary volcanic unrest has provided heat for episodic hydrothermal circulation in the Long Valley caldera, including the present-day hydrothermal system, which has been active over the past 40 kyr. The most recent period of crustal unrest in this region of east-central California began around 1980 and has included periods of intense seismicity and ground deformation. Uplift totaling more than 0.7 m has been centered on the caldera's resurgent dome, and is best modeled by a near-vertical ellipsoidal source centered at depths of 6-7 km. Modeling of both deformation and microgravity data now suggests that (1) there are two inflation sources beneath the caldera, a shallower source 7-10 km beneath the resurgent dome and a deeper source ???15 km beneath the caldera's south moat and (2) the shallower source may contain components of magmatic brine and gas. The Long Valley Exploration Well (LVEW), completed in 1998 on the resurgent dome, penetrates to a depth of 3 km directly above this shallower source, but bottoms in a zone of 100??C fluid with zero vertical thermal gradient. Although these results preclude extrapolations of temperatures at depths below 3 km, other information obtained from flow tests and fluid sampling at this well indicates the presence of magmatic volatiles and fault-related permeability within the metamorphic basement rocks underlying the volcanic fill. In this paper, we present recently acquired data from LVEW and compare them with information from other drill holes and thermal springs in Long Valley to delineate the likely flow paths and fluid system properties under the resurgent dome. Additional information from mineralogical assemblages in core obtained from fracture zones in LVEW documents a previous period of more vigorous and energetic fluid circulation beneath the resurgent dome. Although this system apparently died off as a result of mineral deposition and cooling (and/or deepening) of magmatic heat sources, flow testing and tidal analyses of LVEW water level data show that relatively high permeability and strain sensitivity still exist in the steeply dipping principal fracture zone penetrated at a depth of 2.6 km. The hydraulic properties of this zone would allow a pressure change induced at distances of several kilometers below the well to be observable within a matter of days. This indicates that continuous fluid pressure monitoring in the well could provide direct evidence of future intrusions of magma or high-temperature fluids at depths of 5-7 km. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00174-4","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Farrar, C.D., Sorey, M., Roeloffs, E., Galloway, D., Howle, J., and Jacobson, R., 2003, Inferences on the hydrothermal system beneath the resurgent dome in Long Valley Caldera, east-central California, USA, from recent pumping tests and geochemical sampling: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 127, no. 3-4, p. 305-328, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00174-4.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"328","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209578,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00174-4"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.93936157226562,\n              37.78645343442073\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.10621643066408,\n              37.709899354855125\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.04579162597656,\n              37.61477533148087\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.82469177246095,\n              37.591383348725785\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.62213134765626,\n              37.61586315165877\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.64479064941406,\n              37.67729913640425\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.71551513671876,\n              37.759858513184625\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.93936157226562,\n              37.78645343442073\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"127","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ae6e4b0c8380cd62079","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farrar, C. D.","contributorId":71978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roeloffs, E.","contributorId":21680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roeloffs","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Galloway, D. L. 0000-0003-0904-5355","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":31383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":405624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Howle, J. F. 0000-0003-0491-6203","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-6203","contributorId":66294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howle","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jacobson, R.","contributorId":55373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70025548,"text":"70025548 - 2003 - Effects of hurricane floyd inland flooding, September–October 1999, on tributaries to Pamlico Sound, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-04T16:38:23.048326","indexId":"70025548","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of hurricane floyd inland flooding, September–October 1999, on tributaries to Pamlico Sound, North Carolina","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hurricane Floyd in September 1999 caused disastrous flooding from South Carolina to Massachusetts in the United States, with particularly severe and prolonged flooding in eastern North Carolina resulting in record flood-flow loadings of freshwater and contaminants to Pamlico Sound, North Carolina. The inland flooding, water quality, and loadings to Pamlico Sound were determined as part of a multi-agency response to the floods and in an effort to understand the effects of the floods on the greater Pamlico Sound Basin. All major river basins draining to Pamlico Sound experienced floods at the 500-yr recurrence level. The volume of flood waters entering Pamlico Sound during September–October 1999 was estimated to be equivalent to about 95% of the volume of Pamlico Sound, meaning that flood waters could have essentially displaced most of the water present in Pamlico Sound. Nitrogen and phosphorus loads to the Pamlico River estuary and Neuse River estuary, the two principal estuaries draining to Pamlico Sound, in a 36-d period during the flooding were between 50–90% of the long term average annual loads. Pesticide concentrations in flood waters were surprisingly high, given the amount of dilution produced by the floodwaters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1007/BF02803634","issn":"01608347","usgsCitation":"Bales, J., 2003, Effects of hurricane floyd inland flooding, September–October 1999, on tributaries to Pamlico Sound, North Carolina: Estuaries, v. 26, no. 5, p. 1319-1328, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02803634.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1319","endPage":"1328","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387683,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Pamlico Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.59692382812499,\n              35.91129848822746\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.75347900390625,\n              35.891275201659134\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.73150634765625,\n              35.69299463209881\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.8056640625,\n              35.57915038479427\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.91552734375,\n              35.58138418324621\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.03363037109374,\n              35.420391545750746\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.30828857421875,\n              35.39128905521763\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.14349365234375,\n              34.99850370014629\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.531005859375,\n              35.238889532322595\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.4705810546875,\n              35.570214567965984\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.498046875,\n              35.74205383068037\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.59692382812499,\n              35.91129848822746\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0655e4b0c8380cd511e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, J. D.","contributorId":21569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025540,"text":"70025540 - 2003 - Intraplate triggered earthquakes: Observations and interpretation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-26T13:34:13.300246","indexId":"70025540","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intraplate triggered earthquakes: Observations and interpretation","docAbstract":"We present evidence that at least two of the three 1811-1812 New Madrid, central United States, mainshocks and the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake triggered earthquakes at regional distances. In addition to previously published evidence for triggered earthquakes in the northern Kentucky/southern Ohio region in 1812, we present evidence suggesting that triggered events might have occurred in the Wabash Valley, to the south of the New Madrid Seismic Zone, and near Charleston, South Carolina. We also discuss evidence that earthquakes might have been triggered in northern Kentucky within seconds of the passage of surface waves from the 23 January 1812 New Madrid mainshock. After the 1886 Charleston earthquake, accounts suggest that triggered events occurred near Moodus, Connecticut, and in southern Indiana. Notwithstanding the uncertainty associated with analysis of historical accounts, there is evidence that at least three out of the four known Mw 7 earthquakes in the central and eastern United States seem to have triggered earthquakes at distances beyond the typically assumed aftershock zone of 1-2 mainshock fault lengths. We explore the possibility that remotely triggered earthquakes might be common in low-strain-rate regions. We suggest that in a low-strain-rate environment, permanent, nonelastic deformation might play a more important role in stress accumulation than it does in interplate crust. Using a simple model incorporating elastic and anelastic strain release, we show that, for realistic parameter values, faults in intraplate crust remain close to their failure stress for a longer part of the earthquake cycle than do faults in high-strain-rate regions. Our results further suggest that remotely triggered earthquakes occur preferentially in regions of recent and/or future seismic activity, which suggests that faults are at a critical stress state in only some areas. Remotely triggered earthquakes may thus serve as beacons that identify regions of long-lived stress concentration.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020055","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hough, S., Seeber, L., and Armbruster, J., 2003, Intraplate triggered earthquakes: Observations and interpretation: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 5, p. 2212-2221, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020055.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2212","endPage":"2221","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140804-144016000","text":"External Repository"},{"id":387416,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Charleston","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.255126953125,\n              32.41706632846282\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.749755859375,\n              32.41706632846282\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.749755859375,\n              32.96258644191747\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.255126953125,\n              32.96258644191747\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.255126953125,\n              32.41706632846282\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3dc7e4b0c8380cd63831","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, S. E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":7316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seeber, L.","contributorId":37329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seeber","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Armbruster, J.G.","contributorId":71202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbruster","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025512,"text":"70025512 - 2003 - Water-level changes induced by local and distant earthquakes at Long Valley caldera, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-09T10:00:07","indexId":"70025512","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-level changes induced by local and distant earthquakes at Long Valley caldera, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Distant as well as local earthquakes have induced groundwater-level changes persisting for days to weeks at Long Valley caldera, California. Four wells open to formations as deep as 300 m have responded to 16 earthquakes, and responses to two earthquakes in the 3-km-deep Long Valley Exploratory Well (LVEW) show that these changes are not limited to weathered or unconsolidated near-surface rocks. All five wells exhibit water-level variations in response to earth tides, indicating they can be used as low-resolution strainmeters. Earthquakes induce gradual water-level changes that increase in amplitude for as long as 30 days, then return more slowly to pre-earthquake levels. The gradual water-level changes are always drops at wells LKT, LVEW, and CH-10B, and always rises at well CW-3. At a dilatometer just outside the caldera, earthquake-induced strain responses consist of either a step followed by a contractional strain-rate increase, or a transient contractional signal that reaches a maximum in about seven days and then returns toward the pre-earthquake value. The sizes of the gradual water-level changes generally increase with earthquake magnitude and decrease with hypocentral distance. Local earthquakes in Long Valley produce coseismic water-level steps; otherwise the responses to local earthquakes and distant earthquakes are indistinguishable. In particular, water-level and strain changes in Long Valley following the 1992 M7.3 Landers earthquake, 450 km distant, closely resemble those initiated by a M4.9 local earthquake on November 22, 1997, during a seismic swarm with features indicative of fluid involvement. At the LKT well, many of the response time histories are identical for 20 days after each earthquake, and can be matched by a theoretical solution giving the pore pressure as a function of time due to diffusion of a nearby, instantaneous, pressure drop. Such pressure drops could be produced by accelerated inflation of the resurgent dome by amounts too small to be detected by the two-color electronic distance-measuring network. Opening-mode displacement in the south moat, inferred to have followed a M4.9 earthquake on November 22, 1997, could also create extensional strain on the dome and lead to water-level changes similar to those following dome inflation. Contractional strain that could account for earthquake-induced water-level rises at the CW-3 well is inconsistent with geodetic observations. We instead attribute these water-level rises to diffusion of elevated fluid pressure localized in the south moat thermal aquifer. For hydraulic diffusivities appropriate to the upper few hundred meters at Long Valley, an influx of material at temperatures of 300°C can thermally generate pressure of 6 m of water or more, an order of magnitude larger than needed to account for the CW-3 water-level rises. If magma or hot aqueous fluid rises to within 1 km of the surface in the eastern part of the south moat, then hydraulic diffusivities are high enough to allow fluid pressure to propagate to CW-3 on the time scale observed. The data indicate that seismic waves from large distant earthquakes can stimulate upward movement of fluid in the hydrothermal system at Long Valley.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00173-2","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Roeloffs, E.A., Sneed, M., Galloway, D.L., Sorey, M.L., Farrar, C.D., Howle, J.F., and Hughes, J., 2003, Water-level changes induced by local and distant earthquakes at Long Valley caldera, California: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. p., no. 3-4, p. 269-303, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00173-2.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"303","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209543,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00173-2"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.93936157226562,\n              37.78645343442073\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.10621643066408,\n              37.709899354855125\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.04579162597656,\n              37.61477533148087\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.82469177246095,\n              37.591383348725785\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.62213134765626,\n              37.61586315165877\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.64479064941406,\n              37.67729913640425\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.71551513671876,\n              37.759858513184625\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.93936157226562,\n              37.78645343442073\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"p.","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcd50e4b08c986b32dfbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roeloffs, Evelyn A. 0000-0002-4761-0469 evelynr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4761-0469","contributorId":2680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roeloffs","given":"Evelyn","email":"evelynr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":405470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sneed, Michelle 0000-0002-8180-382X micsneed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8180-382X","contributorId":155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sneed","given":"Michelle","email":"micsneed@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":405471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galloway, Devin L. 0000-0003-0904-5355 dlgallow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Devin","email":"dlgallow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":405472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sorey, Michael L.","contributorId":20726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Farrar, Christopher D. cdfarrar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"Christopher","email":"cdfarrar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":405474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Howle, James F. 0000-0003-0491-6203 jfhowle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-6203","contributorId":2225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howle","given":"James","email":"jfhowle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":405473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hughes, J.","contributorId":83725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70025503,"text":"70025503 - 2003 - The chrono- and lithostratigraphic significance of the type section of the Middendorf Formation, Chesterfield County, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70025503","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The chrono- and lithostratigraphic significance of the type section of the Middendorf Formation, Chesterfield County, South Carolina","docAbstract":"The name Middendorf Formation has been widely used in the Coastal Plain of South Carolina, eastern Georgia, and southern North Carolina since 1904, despite conflicting interpretations of the age and stratigraphic relations of the unit at its type locality. Between 1995 and 1998, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, drilled three continuously cored holes to the south and to the east of the type section of the Middendorf Formation, which is located in Chesterfield County, South Carolina. In addition, two outcrops to the northeast of the type section were sampled for biostratigraphic control. The litho- and biostratigraphic relations of the units in these cores and outcrops provide significant insights into the age of the Middendorf Formation at its type locality, and how this age impacts regional correlations of the formation. A projection of formational contacts and thicknesses from downdip areas into the type locality of the Middendorf Formation indicates that the type section is most likely a facies of either the uppermost Bladen Formation (of the Black Creek Group), or the uppermost Bladen and the lowermost part of the Peedee Formations. This report documents the evidence that support this interpretation. The implication of this interpretation is that the name \"Middendorf\" has been applied to a variety of units throughout the southeastern United States, all of which display a similar lithology, but differ significantly in stratigraphic position and age. For these reasons, we recommend that the name Middendorf be restricted for use with strata that occur only in the vicinity of the type locality, and use of the name \"Middendorf\" for units elsewhere in the Coastal Plain be reconsidered.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"Prowell, D., Christopher, R.A., Waters, K., and Nix, S., 2003, The chrono- and lithostratigraphic significance of the type section of the Middendorf Formation, Chesterfield County, South Carolina: Southeastern Geology, v. 42, no. 1, p. 47-66.","startPage":"47","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235973,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa34e4b08c986b322768","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prowell, D.C.","contributorId":95475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prowell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christopher, R. A.","contributorId":53775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christopher","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waters, K.E.","contributorId":99356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waters","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nix, S.K.","contributorId":77723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nix","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025502,"text":"70025502 - 2003 - New K-Ar ages and the geologic evidence against rejuvenated-stage volcanism at Haleakalā, East Maui, a postshield-stage volcano of the Hawaiian island chain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-27T21:02:40.422236","indexId":"70025502","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New K-Ar ages and the geologic evidence against rejuvenated-stage volcanism at Haleakalā, East Maui, a postshield-stage volcano of the Hawaiian island chain","docAbstract":"<p id=\"p-1\">The postshield and previously inferred rejuvenated-stage history of Haleakalā volcano is reevaluated on the basis of 52 new K-Ar ages, 42 from the postshield Kula Volcanics and 10 from the overlying Hāna Volcanics. Postshield extrusion was robust from 0.93 to 0.76 Ma. A period of low extrusion rate or volcanic quiescence occurred between 0.76 and 0.65 Ma, well within Kula time. A chemical change to increasingly alkalic lava occurred at this time as the volcano changed from broadly hawaiitic to basanitic in its eruptive products and robust extrusion resumed. A slightly longer period of low extrusion rate or quiescence occurred after ca. 0.4 Ma, but only trifling change in geochemical character is observed. Geochemically, the Hāna Volcanics unit, chiefly basanitic, overlaps greatly with the upper part of the Kula Volcanics; there is a weak tendency to slightly more alkaline character among the Hāna Volcanics.</p>\n<p id=\"p-2\">The age of the Kula/Hāna boundary is ca. 0.15&ndash;0.12 Ma; thus, volcanic quiescence of only &sim;0.03 m.y. separates the two formations, much shorter than the previously known limit of 0.25&ndash;0.30 m.y. The brevity of this hiatus, coupled with coincident vent loci and broadly similar geochemical characteristics for the Hāna and the upper part of the Kula Volcanics, indicates that the Hāna Volcanics unit comprises deposits of postshield-stage volcanism that has waned substantially since ca. 0.4&ndash;0.3 Ma. Haleakalā has not yet begun a classically defined rejuvenated stage. Our findings support recent numerical modeling of plume-lithosphere interactions that predict that Haleakalā is near the end of its postshield growth.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(2003)115<0683:NKAATG>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Sherrod, D.R., Nishimitsu, Y., and Tagami, T., 2003, New K-Ar ages and the geologic evidence against rejuvenated-stage volcanism at Haleakalā, East Maui, a postshield-stage volcano of the Hawaiian island chain: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 115, no. 6, p. 683-694, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2003)115<0683:NKAATG>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"683","endPage":"694","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235937,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Haleakalā volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.26609802246094,\n              20.69574627626688\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.2427520751953,\n              20.69574627626688\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.2427520751953,\n              20.722079783730962\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.26609802246094,\n              20.722079783730962\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.26609802246094,\n              20.69574627626688\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a651ee4b0c8380cd72b0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":405441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nishimitsu, Yoshitomo","contributorId":17808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishimitsu","given":"Yoshitomo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tagami, Takahiro","contributorId":7474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tagami","given":"Takahiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025498,"text":"70025498 - 2003 - Taking the pulse of mountains: Ecosystem responses to climatic variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-10T19:28:46","indexId":"70025498","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Taking the pulse of mountains: Ecosystem responses to climatic variability","docAbstract":"<p>An integrated program of ecosystem modeling and field studies in the mountains of the Pacific Northwest (U.S.A.) has quantified many of the ecological processes affected by climatic variability. Paleoecological and contemporary ecological data in forest ecosystems provided model parameterization and validation at broad spatial and temporal scales for tree growth, tree regeneration and treeline movement. For subalpine tree species, winter precipitation has a strong negative correlation with growth; this relationship is stronger at higher elevations and west-side sites (which have more precipitation). Temperature affects tree growth at some locations with respect to length of growing season (spring) and severity of drought at drier sites (summer). Furthermore, variable but predictable climate-growth relationships across elevation gradients suggest that tree species respond differently to climate at different locations, making a uniform response of these species to future climatic change unlikely. Multi-decadal variability in climate also affects ecosystem processes. Mountain hemlock growth at high-elevation sites is negatively correlated with winter snow depth and positively correlated with the winter Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index. At low elevations, the reverse is true. Glacier mass balance and fire severity are also linked to PDO. Rapid establishment of trees in subalpine ecosystems during this century is increasing forest cover and reducing meadow cover at many subalpine locations in the western U.S.A. and precipitation (snow depth) is a critical variable regulating conifer expansion. Lastly, modeling potential future ecosystem conditions suggests that increased climatic variability will result in increasing forest fire size and frequency, and reduced net primary productivity in drier, east-side forest ecosystems. As additional empirical data and modeling output become available, we will improve our ability to predict the effects of climatic change across a broad range of climates and mountain ecosystems in the northwestern U.S.A.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1023/A:1024427803359","issn":"01650009","usgsCitation":"Fagre, D.B., Peterson, D.L., and Hessl, A.E., 2003, Taking the pulse of mountains: Ecosystem responses to climatic variability: Climatic Change, v. 59, no. 1-2, p. 263-282, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024427803359.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"282","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209430,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object 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 \"}}]}","volume":"59","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3bde4b08c986b31fe6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":405422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, David L.","contributorId":94643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12647,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":405421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hessl, Amy 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,{"id":70025326,"text":"70025326 - 2003 - A new pterosaur tracksite from the Jurassic Summerville formation, near Ferron, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-06T15:27:20","indexId":"70025326","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1965,"text":"Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces","onlineIssn":"1563-5236","printIssn":"1042-0940","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new pterosaur tracksite from the Jurassic Summerville formation, near Ferron, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Pterosaur tracks (cf.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Pteraichnus</i>) from the Summerville Formation of the Ferron area of central Utah add to the growing record of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Pteraichnus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>tracksites in the Late Jurassic Summerville Formation and time-equivalent, or near time-equivalent, deposits. The site is typical in revealing high pterosaur track densities, but low ichnodiversity suggesting congregations or “flocks” of many individuals. Footprint length varies from 2.0 to 7.0 cms. The ratio of well-preserved pes:manus tracks is about 1:3.4. This reflects a bias in favor of preservation of manus tracks due to the greater weight-bearing role of the front limbs, as noted in other pterosaur track assemblages. The sample also reveals a number of well-preserved trackways including one suggestive of pes-only progression that might be associated with take off or landing, and another that shows pronounced lengthening of stride indicating acceleration.</p><p>One well-preserved medium-sized theropod trackway (<i>Therangospodus</i>) and other larger theropod track casts (cf.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Megalosauripus</i>) are associated with what otherwise appears to be a nearly monospecific pterosaur track assemblage. However, traces of a fifth pes digit suggest some tracks are of rhamphorynchoid rather than pterodactyloid origin, as usually inferred for<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Pteraichnus</i>. The tracks occur at several horizons in a thin stratigraphic interval of ripple marked sandstones and siltstones. Overall the assemblage is similar to others found in the same time interval in the Western Interior from central and eastern Utah through central and southern Wyoming, Colorado, northeastern Arizona, and western Oklahoma. This vast “<i>Pteraichnus</i>ichnofacies,” with associated saurischian tracks, remains the only ichnological evidence of pre-Cretaceous pterosaurs in North America and sheds important light on the vertebrate ecology of the Summerville Formation and contiguous deposits.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10420940490445437","usgsCitation":"Mickelson, D.L., Lockley, M.G., Bishop, J., and Kirkland, J.I., 2003, A new pterosaur tracksite from the Jurassic Summerville formation, near Ferron, Utah: Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces, v. 11, no. 1-2, p. 125-142, https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940490445437.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"142","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","city":"Ferron","volume":"11","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4aee4b0c8380cd46835","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mickelson, Debra L.","contributorId":29987,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mickelson","given":"Debra","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6713,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":404767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockley, Martin G.","contributorId":22428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lockley","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bishop, John","contributorId":146771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bishop","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirkland, James I.","contributorId":173915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirkland","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":17626,"text":"Utah Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":404769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025291,"text":"70025291 - 2003 - Salton Trough regional deformation estimated from combined trilateration and survey-mode GPS data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-26T16:41:30.65017","indexId":"70025291","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salton Trough regional deformation estimated from combined trilateration and survey-mode GPS data","docAbstract":"<p><span>The&nbsp;</span>Salton<span>&nbsp;</span>Trough<span>&nbsp;in southeastern California, United States, has one of the highest seismicity and&nbsp;</span>deformation<span>&nbsp;rates in southern California, including 20 earthquakes M 6 or larger since 1892. From 1972 through 1987, the U.S. Geological&nbsp;</span>Survey<span>&nbsp;(USGS) measured a 41-station&nbsp;</span>trilateration<span>&nbsp;network in this region. We remeasured 37 of the USGS baselines using&nbsp;</span>survey<span>-</span>mode<span>&nbsp;Global Positioning System methods from 1995 through 1999. We estimate the&nbsp;</span>Salton<span>&nbsp;</span>Trough<span>&nbsp;</span>deformation<span>&nbsp;field over a nearly 30-year period through&nbsp;</span>combined<span>&nbsp;analysis of baseline length time series from these two datasets. Our primary result is that strain accumulation has been steady over our observation span, at a resolution of about 0.05 μstrain/yr at 95% confidence, with no evidence for significant long-term strain transients despite the occurrence of seven large&nbsp;</span>regional<span>&nbsp;earthquakes during our observation period. Similar to earlier studies, we find that the&nbsp;</span>regional<span>&nbsp;strain field is consistent with 0.5 ± 0.03 μstrain/yr total engineering shear strain along an axis oriented 311.6° ± 23° east of north, approximately parallel to the strike of the major&nbsp;</span>regional<span>&nbsp;faults, the San Andreas and San Jacinto (all uncertainties in the text and tables are standard deviations unless otherwise noted). We also find that (1) the shear strain rate near the San Jacinto fault is at least as high as it is near the San Andreas fault, (2) the areal dilatation near the southeastern&nbsp;</span>Salton<span>&nbsp;Sea is significant, and (3) one station near the southeastern&nbsp;</span>Salton<span>&nbsp;Sea moved anomalously during the period 1987.95-1995.11.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120030014","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Anderson, G., Agnew, D., and Johnson, H., 2003, Salton Trough regional deformation estimated from combined trilateration and survey-mode GPS data: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 6, p. 2402-2414, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030014.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2402","endPage":"2414","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"southeast California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.72949218749999,\n              32.58384932565662\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.345703125,\n              32.58384932565662\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.345703125,\n              37.37015718405753\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.72949218749999,\n              37.37015718405753\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.72949218749999,\n              32.58384932565662\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab03ae4b0c8380cd879cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, G.","contributorId":26490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agnew, D.C.","contributorId":32186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agnew","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, H.O.","contributorId":13796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"H.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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