{"pageNumber":"246","pageRowStart":"6125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11004,"records":[{"id":69680,"text":"mf2407A - 2003 - Map showing scandium concentrations from stream sediments and soils throughout the Humboldt River basin and surrounding areas, northern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-08T21:18:39.075426","indexId":"mf2407A","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2407","chapter":"A","title":"Map showing scandium concentrations from stream sediments and soils throughout the Humboldt River basin and surrounding areas, northern Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2407A","usgsCitation":"Yager, D.B., and Folger, H.W., 2003, Map showing scandium concentrations from stream sediments and soils throughout the Humboldt River basin and surrounding areas, northern Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2407, 1 Plate: 42.78 × 41.25 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2407A.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 42.78 × 41.25 inches","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110408,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54729.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"54729"},{"id":6349,"rank":300,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2003/mf-2407/MF-2407-A.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":188440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Humboldt River basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,38 ], [ -120,42 ], [ -114,42 ], [ -114,38 ], [ -120,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2d4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Douglas B. 0000-0001-5074-4022 dyager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-4022","contributorId":798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Douglas","email":"dyager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Folger, Helen W. 0000-0003-1376-5996 hfolger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1376-5996","contributorId":3219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folger","given":"Helen","email":"hfolger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":50799,"text":"b2184E - 2003 - Potential for deep basin-centered gas accumulation in Travis Peak (Hosston) Formation, Gulf Coast Basin, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-21T21:53:48.72436","indexId":"b2184E","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2184","chapter":"E","title":"Potential for deep basin-centered gas accumulation in Travis Peak (Hosston) Formation, Gulf Coast Basin, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p>The potential of Lower Cretaceous sandstones of the Travis Peak Formation in the northern Gulf Coast Basin to harbor a basin-centered gas accumulation was evaluated by examining (1) the depositional and diagenetic history and reservoir properties of Travis Peak sandstones, (2) the presence and quality of source rocks for generating gas, (3) the burial and thermal history of source rocks and time of gas generation and migration relative to tectonic development of Travis Peak traps, (4) gas and water recoveries from drill-stem and formation tests, (5) the distribution of abnormal pressures based on shut-in-pressure data, and (6) the presence or absence of gas-water contacts associated with gas accumulations in Travis Peak sandstones. </p><p>The Travis Peak Formation (and correlative Hosston Formation) is a basinward-thickening wedge of terrigenous clastic sedimentary rocks that underlies the northern Gulf Coast Basin from eastern Texas across northern Louisiana to southern Mississippi. Clastic influx was focused in two main fluvial-deltaic depocenters—one located in northeastern Texas and the other in southeastern Mississippi and northeastern Louisiana. Across the main hydrocarbon-productive trend in eastern Texas and northern Louisiana, the Travis Peak Formation is about 2,000 ft thick.</p><p>Most Travis Peak hydrocarbon production in eastern Texas comes from drilling depths between 6,000 and 10,000 ft. Significant decrease in porosity and permeability occurs through that depth interval. Above 8,000-ft drilling depth in eastern Texas, Travis Peak sandstone matrix permeabilities often are significantly higher than the 0.1-millidarcy (mD) cutoff that characterizes tight-gas reservoirs. Below 8,000 ft, matrix permeability of Travis Peak sandstones is low because of pervasive quartz cementation, but abundant natural fractures impart significant fracture permeability.</p><p>Although pressure data within the middle and lower Travis Peak Formation are limited in eastern Texas, overpressured reservoirs caused by thermal generation of gas, typical of basin-centered gas accumulations, are not common in the Travis Peak Formation. Significant overpressure was found in only one Travis Peak sandstone reservoir in 1 of 24 oil and gas fields examined across eastern Texas and northern Louisiana. </p><p>The presence of gas-water contacts is perhaps the most definitive criterion indicating that a gas accumulation is conventional rather than a “sweet spot” within a basin-centered gas accumulation. Hydrocarbon-water contacts within Travis Peak sandstone reservoirs were documented in 17 fields and probably occur in considerably more fields across the productive Travis Peak trend in eastern Texas and northern Louisiana. All known hydrocarbon-water contacts in Travis Peak reservoirs in eastern Texas, however, occur within sandstones in the upper 500 ft of the formation. Although no gas-water contacts have been reported within the lower three-fourths of the Travis Peak Formation in northeastern Texas, gas production from that interval is limited. The best available data suggest that&nbsp; most middle and lower Travis Peak sandstones are water bearing in northeastern Texas.</p><p>Insufficient hydrocarbon charge relative to permeability of Travis Peak reservoirs might be responsible for lack of overpressure and basin-centered gas within the Travis Peak Formation. Shales interbedded with Travis Peak sandstones in eastern Texas are primarily oxidized flood-plain deposits with insufficient organic-carbon content to be significant sources of oil and gas. The most likely source rocks for hydrocarbons in Travis Peak reservoirs are two stratigraphically lower units, the Jurassic-age Bossier Shale of the Cotton Valley Group, and laminated, lime mudstones of the Jurassic Smackover Formation. Hydrocarbon charge, therefore, might be sufficient for development of conventional gas accumulations, but it is insufficient for development of basin-centered gas as a result of the absence of proximal source rocks and a lack of effective migration pathways from stratigraphically or geographically distant source rocks.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2184E","usgsCitation":"Bartberger, C.E., Dyman, T.S., and Condon, S.M., 2003, Potential for deep basin-centered gas accumulation in Travis Peak (Hosston) Formation, Gulf Coast Basin, U.S.A. (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2184, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2184E.","productDescription":"36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4593,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2184-e/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":390794,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54653.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Travis Peak (Hosston) Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.5,\n              31.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.75,\n              31.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.75,\n              33.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.5,\n              33.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.5,\n              31.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a870b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartberger, Charles E.","contributorId":92741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartberger","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dyman, Thaddeus S.","contributorId":83971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyman","given":"Thaddeus","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Condon, Steven M.","contributorId":95464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Condon","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":69681,"text":"mf2407B - 2003 - Map showing iron concentrations from stream sediments and soils throughout the Humboldt River basin and surrounding areas, northern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-09T19:19:26.137937","indexId":"mf2407B","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2407","chapter":"B","title":"Map showing iron concentrations from stream sediments and soils throughout the Humboldt River basin and surrounding areas, northern Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2407B","usgsCitation":"Yager, D.B., and Folger, H.W., 2003, Map showing iron concentrations from stream sediments and soils throughout the Humboldt River basin and surrounding areas, northern Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2407, 1 Plate: 42.78 × 40.81 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2407B.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 42.78 × 40.81 inches","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110409,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54729.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"54729"},{"id":6350,"rank":300,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2003/mf-2407/MF-2407-B.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":188441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Humboldt River basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,38 ], [ -120,42 ], [ -114,42 ], [ -114,38 ], [ -120,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4be0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Douglas B. 0000-0001-5074-4022 dyager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-4022","contributorId":798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Douglas","email":"dyager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Folger, Helen W. 0000-0003-1376-5996 hfolger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1376-5996","contributorId":3219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folger","given":"Helen","email":"hfolger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":69682,"text":"mf2407C - 2003 - Map showing cobalt concentrations from stream sediments and soils throughout the Humboldt River basin and surrounding areas, northern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-21T20:41:06.759749","indexId":"mf2407C","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2407","chapter":"C","title":"Map showing cobalt concentrations from stream sediments and soils throughout the Humboldt River basin and surrounding areas, northern Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2407C","usgsCitation":"Yager, D.B., and Folger, H.W., 2003, Map showing cobalt concentrations from stream sediments and soils throughout the Humboldt River basin and surrounding areas, northern Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2407, 1 Plate: 42.78 × 40.88 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2407C.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 42.78 × 40.88 inches","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":188442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6351,"rank":300,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2003/mf-2407/MF-2407-C.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":110410,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54729.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"54729"}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Humboldt River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120,\n              38.6939\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.4667,\n              38.6939\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.4667,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -120,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -120,\n              38.6939\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a95e4b07f02db659e4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Douglas B. 0000-0001-5074-4022 dyager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-4022","contributorId":798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Douglas","email":"dyager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Folger, Helen W. 0000-0003-1376-5996 hfolger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1376-5996","contributorId":3219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folger","given":"Helen","email":"hfolger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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,{"id":69668,"text":"mf2375 - 2003 - Geologic map of the Vail East quadrangle, Eagle County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:22","indexId":"mf2375","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2375","title":"Geologic map of the Vail East quadrangle, Eagle County, Colorado","docAbstract":"New 1:24,000-scale geologic mapping along the Interstate-70 urban corridor in western Colorado, in support of the State/USGS Cooperative Geologic Mapping Project, is contributing to a more complete understanding of the stratigraphy, structure, tectonic evolution, and hazard potential of this rapidly developing region.  The 1:24,000-scale Vail East quadrangle straddles the Gore fault system, the western structural boundary of the Gore Range.  The Gore fault system is a contractional structure that has been recurrently active since at least the early Paleozoic and marks the approximate eastern boundary of the Central Colorado trough, a thick late Paleozoic depocenter into which thousands of meters of clastic sediment were deposited from several uplifts, including the ancestral Front Range.  The Gore fault was active during both the late Paleozoic and Upper Cretaceous-lower Tertiary (Laramide) deformations. In addition, numerous north-northwest faults that cut the crystalline rocks of the Gore Range were active during at least 5 periods, the last of which was related to Neogene uplift of the Gore Range and formation of the northern Rio Grande rift.\r\n\r\n      Early Proterozoic crystalline rocks underlie the high Gore Range, north and east of the Gore fault system.  These rocks consist predominantly of migmatitic biotite gneiss intruded by mostly granitic rocks of the 1.667-1.750 Ma Cross Creek batholith, part of the 1,667-1,750 Ma Routt Plutonic Suite (Tweto, 1987).\r\n\r\n      Southwest of the Gore fault, a mostly gently south-dipping sequence of Pennsylvanian Mimturn Formation, as thick as 1,900 m, and the Permian and Pennsylvanian Maroon Formation (only the basal several hundred meters are exposed in the quadrangle)were shed from the ancestral Front Range and overlie a thin sequence of Devonian and Cambrian rocks. The Minturn Formation is a sequence of interlayered pink, maroon, and gray conglomerate, sandstone, shale, and marine limestone.  The Maroon Formation is mostly reddish conglomerate and sandstone.\r\n\r\n      Glacial till of both the middle Pleistocene Bull Lake and late Pleistocene Pinedale glaciations are well exposed along parts of the Gore Creek valley and its tributaries, although human development has profoundly altered the outcrop patterns along the Gore Creek valley bottom.  Landslides, some of which are currently active, are also mapped.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf2375","usgsCitation":"Kellogg, K., Bryant, B., and Redsteer, M.H., 2003, Geologic map of the Vail East quadrangle, Eagle County, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2375, 36 by 48 inches; Pamphlet accompanies map, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2375.","productDescription":"36 by 48 inches; Pamphlet accompanies map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":187906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6337,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2003/mf-2375/ ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110386,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54459.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"54459"}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.36749999999999,39.6175 ], [ -106.36749999999999,39.75 ], [ -106.25,39.75 ], [ -106.25,39.6175 ], [ -106.36749999999999,39.6175 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a0dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kellogg, Karl S.","contributorId":89896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Karl S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bryant, Bruce bbryant@usgs.gov","contributorId":1355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"Bruce","email":"bbryant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Redsteer, Margaret H.","contributorId":9123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redsteer","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":50566,"text":"ofr02454 - 2003 - Arsenic in New England: Mineralogical and geochemical studies of sources and enrichment pathways","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-18T12:45:54","indexId":"ofr02454","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-454","title":"Arsenic in New England: Mineralogical and geochemical studies of sources and enrichment pathways","docAbstract":"<p><span>Detailed mineralogical, geochemical and radiogenic isotopic studies of iron-sulfide and secondary iron oxy-hydroxide minerals in natural bedrock in coastal Maine and New Hampshire test the link between arsenic-rich sulfide minerals in bedrock and secondary oxy-hydroxide minerals. Samples were selected from over 70 bedrock localities, including 22 within the regionally extensive and sulfide-mineral-rich Penobscot Formation and 10 associated with mineral deposits from coastal New Hampshire and Maine, and coupled with data from drill core collected at several sites including areas where well waters contain anomalous As abundances (e.g., Northport, ME). The data were used to establish a diversity of primary and secondary mineralogical hosts for arsenic in bedrock of this part of New England. The studies show that bedrock mineralogy is critical to contributing arsenic to groundwater and suggest a number of mineralogical pathways for arsenic that define weathering processes. The studies show that lead isotopic compositions of the sulfides and iron oxy-hydroxides overlap and establish a genetic link between the sulfides and secondary minerals. The data and interpretive results were presented at Arsenic in New England -- A multidisciplinary Scientific Conference, Manchester, New Hampshire, May 29-31, 2002, sponsored by the New Hampshire Consortium on Arsenic, are available in abstract and poster (full size = 84 by 36 inch sheet) formats.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02454","usgsCitation":"Ayuso, R.A., and Foley, N.K., 2003, Arsenic in New England: Mineralogical and geochemical studies of sources and enrichment pathways (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-454, Online Only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02454.","productDescription":"Online Only","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science 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and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":51511,"text":"ofr036 - 2003 - Principal facts for gravity stations in the Dry Valley area, west-central Nevada and east-central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-23T15:09:26.510101","indexId":"ofr036","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-6","title":"Principal facts for gravity stations in the Dry Valley area, west-central Nevada and east-central California","docAbstract":"In June, 2002, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) established 143 new gravity stations and 12 new rock samples in the Dry Valley area, 30 miles north of Reno, Nevada, on the California - Nevada border (see fig. 1). This study reports on gravity, magnetic, and physical property data intended for use in modeling the geometry and depth of Dry Valley for groundwater analysis. It is part of a larger study that aims to characterize the hydrologic framework of several basins in Washoe County. Dry Valley is located south of the Fort Sage Mountains and south-east of Long Valley, on USGS 7.5’ quadrangles Constantia and Seven Lakes (fig. 2). The Cretaceous granitic rocks and Tertiary volcanic rocks that bound the sediment filled basin (fig. 3) may be especially important to future modeling because of their impact on groundwater flow. The granitic and volcanic rocks of Dry Valley exhibit densities and magnetic susceptibilities higher than the overlaying sediments, and create a distinguishable pattern of gravity and magnetic anomalies that reflect these properties.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr036","usgsCitation":"Sanger, E.A., and Ponce, D.A., 2003, Principal facts for gravity stations in the Dry Valley area, west-central Nevada and east-central California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-6, Report: 21 p.; 7 Plates: 8.50 x 11.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr036.","productDescription":"Report: 21 p.; 7 Plates: 8.50 x 11.00 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285218,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0006/pdf/7_pro.pdf","text":"Plate 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285217,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0006/pdf/6_pro.pdf","text":"Plate 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285216,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0006/pdf/5_mag.pdf","text":"Plate 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285215,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0006/pdf/4_iso.pdf","text":"Plate 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285214,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0006/pdf/3_geol.pdf","text":"Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285213,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0006/pdf/2_topo.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285212,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0006/pdf/1_index.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285211,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0006/pdf/of03-6.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":178555,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr036.jpg"},{"id":4518,"rank":10,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0006/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Dry Valley area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.25,39.875 ], [ -120.25,40.125 ], [ -119.75,40.125 ], [ -119.75,39.875 ], [ -120.25,39.875 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667e1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanger, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":50219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanger","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":51504,"text":"ofr0324 - 2003 - A spatial database of bedding attitudes to accompany Geologic Map of Boulder-Fort Collins-Greeley area, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-17T18:46:39.404796","indexId":"ofr0324","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-24","title":"A spatial database of bedding attitudes to accompany Geologic Map of Boulder-Fort Collins-Greeley area, Colorado","docAbstract":"This digital map shows bedding attitude data displayed over the geographic extent of rock stratigraphic units (formations) as compiled by Colton in 1976 (U.S.Geological Survey Map I-855-G) under the Front Range Urban Corridor Geology Program.  Colton used his own mapping and published geologic maps having varied map unit schemes to compile one map with a uniform classification of geologic units.  The resulting published color paper map was intended for planning for use of land in the Front Range Urban Corridor. In 1997-1999, under the USGS Front Range Infrastructure Resources Project, Colton's map was digitized to provide data at 1:100,000 scale to address urban growth issues(see cross-reference).  In general, the west part of the map shows a variety of Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks, major faults and brecciated zones along an eastern strip (5-20 km wide) of the Front Range.  The eastern and central part of the map (Colorado Piedmont) depicts a mantle of Quaternary unconsolidated deposits and interspersed Cretaceous or Tertiary-Cretaceous sedimentary rock outcrops.  The Quaternary mantle is comprised of eolian deposits (quartz sand and silt), alluvium (gravel, sand, and silt of variable composition), colluvium, and few landslides.  At the mountain front, north-trending, dipping Paleozoic and Mesozoic sandstone and shale formations (and sparse limestone) form hogbacks, intervening valleys, and in range-front folds, anticlines, and fault blocks.  Localized dikes and sills of Tertiary rhyodacite and basalt intrude rocks near the range front, mostly in the Boulder area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0324","usgsCitation":"Colton, R.B., Brandt, T.R., Moore, D., and Murray, K., 2003, A spatial database of bedding attitudes to accompany Geologic Map of Boulder-Fort Collins-Greeley area, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-24, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0324.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110385,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54458.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"54458"},{"id":4500,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-024/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Boulder, Fort Collins, Greeley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.4302978515625,\n              39.98132938627215\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.61181640625,\n              39.98132938627215\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.61181640625,\n              40.58475654701271\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.4302978515625,\n              40.58475654701271\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.4302978515625,\n              39.98132938627215\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6391","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colton, Roger B.","contributorId":17967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colton","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandt, Theodore R. 0000-0002-7862-9082 tbrandt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-9082","contributorId":1267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Theodore","email":"tbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, David W.","contributorId":63835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"David W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murray, Kyle E.","contributorId":31825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Kyle E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":51507,"text":"ofr0321 - 2003 - Geochemistry of Permian rocks from the margins of the Phosphoria Basin: Lakeridge core, western Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-23T15:22:09.929093","indexId":"ofr0321","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-21","title":"Geochemistry of Permian rocks from the margins of the Phosphoria Basin: Lakeridge core, western Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>The Permian Phosphoria Formation and interbedded units of the Park City Formation and Shedhorn Sandstone in western Wyoming represent deposition along a carbonate ramp at the eastern margin of the Phosphoria Basin, with portions of the Phosphoria units reflecting periods of upwelling and widespread phosphogenesis. Thickness-weighted slab-samples of these units were collected at a maximum interval of 3 m along an 80+ m-length of unweathered core and analyzed for major-, minor-, and trace-element contents. Interpretations of geochemistry were made within the confines of a previously recognized sequence stratigraphy framework. Major shifts in element ratios characteristic of terrigenous debris that occur at sequence boundaries at the base of the Meade Peak and Retort Members of the Phosphoria Formation are attributed to changing sediment sources. Inter-element relationships in the marine fraction indicate that bottom waters of the Phosphoria Basin were predominantly denitrifying during deposition of the Ervay, Grandeur, and Phosphoria sediments, although sulfate-reducing conditions may have existed during deposition of the lower Meade Peak sediments. Oxic conditions were prevalent during deposition of a large part of the Franson Member, which represents sedimentation in a shallow, inner- to back-ramp setting.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Variations in sediment facies and organic matter and trace element contents largely reflect changes in Permian sea level. Changes in sea level in basin-margin areas, such as represented by the study section, may have affected the oxidation of settling organic matter, the foci of intersection of upwelling bottom waters with the photic zone, the rate of terrigenous sedimentation, and, ultimately, the overall environment of deposition. Our study suggests that phosphogenesis can occur under lowstand, transgressive, and highstand conditions in marginal areas, assuming water depths sufficient for upwelling to occur. Formation of phosphorite layers under upwelling conditions appears to have been most dependent on a lack of dilution by terrigenous sedimentation and carbonate shoaling. Differences in the geochemistry between two similar environments represented by the upper and lower Phosphoria units are largely attributed to higher rates of diluting terrigenous sediment during deposition of the upper unit. This is consistent with prior interpretations of a more shoreward setting for the upper Phosphoria.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0321","usgsCitation":"Perkins, R.B., McIntyre, B., Hein, J.R., and Piper, D.Z., 2003, Geochemistry of Permian rocks from the margins of the Phosphoria Basin: Lakeridge core, western Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-21, iv, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0321.","productDescription":"iv, 60 p.","numberOfPages":"65","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179209,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr0321.jpg"},{"id":4514,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0021/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":285235,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0021/pdf/of03-21.pdf"},{"id":393796,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54231.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.475,\n              42.4833\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.4625,\n              42.4833\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.4625,\n              42.4917\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.475,\n              42.4917\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.475,\n              42.4833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae46f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perkins, Robert B.","contributorId":106954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIntyre, Brandie","contributorId":37796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"Brandie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":2828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":243765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piper, David Z. dzpiper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"David","email":"dzpiper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":40090,"text":"ofr02490 - 2003 - Correlation of the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-23T15:21:04.454118","indexId":"ofr02490","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-490","title":"Correlation of the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada","docAbstract":"This report graphically portrays the broadly parallel tectonic development of the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada from early Paleozoic to Early Cretaceous time. It is dedicated to J.S. Diller of the U.S. Geological Survey who, during his pioneer field studies a century ago, recognized significant similarities between these two important provinces. The report is based mainly on the numerous published reports of the field and laboratory studies by various geologists and students during the last century, and to a lesser extent on my own field work which has been substantial in the Klamath Mountains but minimal in the Sierra Nevada. For brevity, required by the format of this report, little of the extensive literature pertaining to these two provinces is referenced. This report is preliminary in nature and was prepared as an aid to further study of the tectonic relations between the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada. This report consists of two sheets: Sheet 1, Map showing accreted terranes and plutons of the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada, and Sheet 2, Successive accretionary episodes of the Klamath mountains and northern part of Sierra Nevada, showing related plutonic, volcanic, and metamorphic events. The map on Sheet 1 was compiled and modified from two Open-File maps (Irwin and Wooden, 1999 and 2001) which had been compiled and modified mainly from Jennings (1977), Harwood (1992), Irwin (1994), Jayko (1988), Graymer and Jones (1994), Edelman and Sharp (1989), Schweickert and others (1999), Saucedo and Wagner(1992), Saleeby and Sharp (1980), Wagner and others (1981), and various other sources. For detailed lists of the sources for the isotopic age data used in Sheets 1 and 2, see Irwin and Wooden (1999 and 2001). On Sheet 2, the accretionary episodes are shown sequentially from left to right in two tiers of figures. Episodes for the Klamath Mountains are in the upper tier; correlative episodes of the Sierra Nevada are directly below in the lower tier. The sequence shown for the Klamath Mountains is modified from Irwin and Mankinen (1998) and Irwin and Wooden (1999). The episodes are named for the accreting terranes of the Klamath Mountains, but those names may not be suitable for reference to the correlative episodes of the Sierra Nevada. In the figure for each episode, a heavy black line represents the active suture that separated oceanic crustal rocks on the left from the earlier accreted terranes on the right. Plutons are particularly useful for timing the accretionary episodes. The preaccretionary plutons, which commonly represent the roots of oceanic volcanic arcs, are shown in the accreting oceanic crustal rocks to the left of the heavy black line. The accretionary plutons consist of rock that has been subducted and remobilized as magma during the accretionary process and injected into an overlying earlier accreted terrane on the right of the heavy black line. Thus, isotopic dating of the accretionary plutons (preferably U/Pb dates measured on zircon extracted from the plutonic rock) provides a useful basis for assigning ages to the accretionary episodes. Many plutons are rootless at depth, as they tend to be truncated by the subduction zone sutures of younger accreting terranes. Volcanic deposits resulting from accretionary episodes apparently are uncommon except for those deposited on the backstop terranes. In the Klamath Mountains, the Eastern Klamath terrane, which consists of the Yreka, Trinity and Redding subterranes, was the backstop for the Central Metamorphic and younger accretionary episodes, and displays a remarkable record of sedimentation, volcanism and plutonism from Silurian-Devonian to Jurassic time. In the Sierra Nevada, the correlative backstop was the Northern Sierra terrane which shows a similar long record of volcanism in the Taylorsville, Permian, and Jurassic volcanic arc sequences. During some accretionary episodes the subducting oceanic rocks were dynamically metamorphosed to schist along the suture zone beneath the overriding accreted terranes. Examples of this in the Klamath Mountains are the Devonian Salmon and Abrams Schists of the Central Metamorphic terrane, the Triassic(?) schist of the Fort Jones terrane , and the Early Cretaceous South Fork Mountain Schist that structurally underlies Klamath Mountains terranes along much of the western edge of the province. The Fort Jones terrane and South Fork Mountains Schist were metamorphosed under blueschist-facies conditions. In the Sierra Nevada, schist that is correlative with the Central Metamorphic terrane is present in patches along the Feather River terrane (see Hacker and Peacock, 1990); the Triassic(?) Red Ant Schist is correlative with the Fort Jones terrane; but a correlative of the South Fork Mountain Schist is not present. In addition to the similarities in the sequences of accretion, plutonism, volcanism, and metamorphism, strong ties between the two provinces are also provided by paleontologic data. The Permian McCloud fusulinid fauna of the Redding subterrane also is present in the Northern Sierra terrane. Rare Tethyan fusulinids are found in Permian limestone of the Eastern Hayfork terrane of the Klamath Mountains and also in limestone blocks in the Central Belt of the Sierra Nevada. Ichthyosaur fossils have been collected from the Triassic of both the Redding subterrane and Northern Sierra terrane. Jurassic ammonites and the pelecypod Buchia concentrica occur in both the Galice Formation of the western Klamath Mountains and the Mariposa Formation of the western Sierra Nevada. Events that preceded the Central Metamorphic episode prior to Silurian-Devonian time are not clearly understood and are not shown in the succession of diagrams on Sheet 2. The oldest rocks of the Klamath Mountains are Neoproterozic and they predate the Central Metamorphic episode by possibly a hundred million years or more. They include ophiolitic rocks of the Trinity subterrane and the Antelope Mountain Quartzite of the Yreka subterrane (see Mankinen and others, 2002). In the Sierra Nevada, correlatives of the ancient ophiolitic rocks may be part of the Feather River terrane. Although Neoproterozoic fossils have not yet been found in the Sierra Nevada, petrologic study shows the quartzite of the Lang sequence is closely similar to the Antelope Mountain Quartzite (see Bond and Devay, 1980). Correlation of the two quartzite formations is also suggested by the similarity of their positions in the accretionary sequence.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02490","usgsCitation":"Irwin, W., 2003, Correlation of the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-490, 2 Plates: 39.10 x 38.30 inches and 39.35 x 33.80 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02490.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 39.10 x 38.30 inches and 39.35 x 33.80 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":169671,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02490.jpg"},{"id":285188,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0490/of02-490_s2.eps"},{"id":285187,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0490/of02-490_s1.eps"},{"id":3542,"rank":6,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0490/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110383,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54412.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"54412"},{"id":285185,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0490/pdf/of02-490_s1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285186,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0490/pdf/of02-490_s2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Mountains, Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.0,34.75 ], [ -124.0,43.0 ], [ -117.0,43.0 ], [ -117.0,34.75 ], [ -124.0,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db684563","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irwin, William P.","contributorId":12889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"William P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70175104,"text":"70175104 - 2003 - Tidal wetland fluxes of dissolved organic carbon and sediment at Browns Island, California: initial evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-28T16:18:28","indexId":"70175104","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Tidal wetland fluxes of dissolved organic carbon and sediment at Browns Island, California: initial evaluation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Carbon and sediment fluxes from tidal wetlands are of increasing concern in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (Delta), because of drinking water issues and habitat restoration efforts. Certain forms of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) react with disinfecting chemicals used to treat drinking water, to form disinfection byproducts (DBPs), some of which are potential carcinogens. The contribution of DBP precursors by tidal wetlands is unknown. Sediment transport to and from tidal wetlands determines the potential for marsh accretion, thereby affecting habitat formation.</span><br /><span>Water, carbon, and sediment flux were measured in the main channel of Browns Island, a tidal wetland located at the confluence of Suisun Bay and the Delta. In-situ instrumentation were deployed between May 3 and May 21, 2002. Water flux was measured using acoustic Doppler current profilers and the index-velocity method. DOC concentrations were measured using calibrated ultraviolet absorbance and fluorescence instruments. Suspended-sediment concentrations were measured using a calibrated nephelometric turbidity sensor.&nbsp;</span><br /><span>Tidally averaged water flux through the channel was dependent on water surface elevations in Suisun Bay. Strong westerly winds resulted in higher water surface elevations in the area east of Browns Island, causing seaward flow, while subsiding winds reversed this effect. Peak ebb flow transported 36% more water than peak flood flow, indicating an ebb-dominant system. DOC concentrations were affected strongly by porewater drainage from the banks of the channel. Peak DOC concentrations were observed during slack after ebb, when the most porewater drained into the channel. Suspended-sediment concentrations were controlled by tidal currents that mobilized sediment from the channel bed, and stronger tides mobilized more sediment than the weaker tides. Sediment was transported mainly to the island during the 2-week monitoring period, though short periods of export occurred during the spring tide. Future deployments will characterize the seasonal variability of these fluxes.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2003 CALFED science conference","conferenceTitle":"2003 CALFED science conference","conferenceDate":"January 14-16, 2003","conferenceLocation":"Sacramento, California","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ganju, N., Bergamaschi, B., and Schoellhamer, D., 2003, Tidal wetland fluxes of dissolved organic carbon and sediment at Browns Island, California: initial evaluation, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 2003 CALFED science conference, Sacramento, California, January 14-16, 2003, p. 208-208.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"208","endPage":"208","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Browns Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.86412811279297,\n              38.04734756126993\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.88060760498047,\n              38.042142806535615\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.88146591186522,\n              38.039506490906405\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.8734836578369,\n              38.034233574918304\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.85906410217284,\n              38.03078569382294\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.84885025024414,\n              38.03416597096656\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.85236930847168,\n              38.041872419557116\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.85932159423828,\n              38.04727996942393\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.8624973297119,\n              38.04768551956387\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.86412811279297,\n              38.04734756126993\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579b2cb5e4b0589fa1c980e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ganju, N. K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":64782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"N. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergamaschi, B. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":47219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70199413,"text":"70199413 - 2003 - Arsenic in southeastern Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-17T11:27:42","indexId":"70199413","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T11:24:49","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Arsenic in southeastern Michigan","docAbstract":"<p><span>Arsenic levels exceeding&nbsp;</span><strong class=\"EmphasisTypeBold \">10 μg/L</strong><span>&nbsp;are present in hundreds of private supply wells distributed over ten counties in eastern and southeastern Michigan. Most of these wells are completed in the Mississippian Marshall Sandstone, the principal bedrock aquifer in the region, or in Pleistocene glacial or Pennsylvanian bedrock aquifers. About 70% of ground water samples taken from more than 100 wells, have arsenic contents&nbsp;</span><strong class=\"EmphasisTypeBold \">≥10 μg/L</strong><span>&nbsp;with a maximum value of&nbsp;</span><strong class=\"EmphasisTypeBold \">220 μg/L</strong><span>. Water samples and continuous cores were taken from two test wells. Arsenic content of core samples ranges from &lt;5 to more than 300 ppm, with the highest values found for pyritic black shales. Authigenic cements in the Marshall Sandstone include patchy authigenic pyrite that locally contains arsenic-rich (up to 8.5 wt. % As) domains. Bulk arsenic contents of pyrite-bearing intervals, sampled in well cuttings, are a high as 1020 ppm. Arsenic-rich pyrite is likely the ultimate source of arsenic in eastern and southeastern Michigan ground water, but evidence for pyrite oxidation at depth in bedrock aquifers is generally lacking. Pyrite oxidation may occur or have occurred in tills derived from the Marshall Sandstone and Coldwater Shale, which were found to contain arsenic-rich (up to at least 0.7 wt. % As) iron oxyhydroxides. Plausible mechanisms for widespread arsenic mobilization in eastern and southeastern Michigan ground water include weathering of pyrite in tills, reductive dissolution of iron oxyhydroxides in tills, and potentially, pyrite oxidation in bedrock aquifers, due to drawdown in wells or lowering of water-table levels in response to Pleistocene glaciation.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arsenic in ground water","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Boston","doi":"10.1007/0-306-47956-7_10","usgsCitation":"Kolker, A., Haack, S.K., Cannon, W.F., Westjohn, D., Kim, M., and Woodruff, L.G., 2003, Arsenic in southeastern Michigan, chap. <i>of</i> Arsenic in ground water, p. 281-294, https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47956-7_10.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"294","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357379,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10ed11e4b034bf6a803a99","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Welch, A. H.","contributorId":14836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745178,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. kgstolle@usgs.gov","contributorId":578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"Kenneth","email":"kgstolle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":745179,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Kolker, Allan 0000-0002-5768-4533 akolker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"Allan","email":"akolker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haack, Sheridan K. skhaack@usgs.gov","contributorId":1982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"Sheridan","email":"skhaack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannon, William F. 0000-0002-2699-8118 wcannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":1883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"wcannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Westjohn, D.B.","contributorId":68411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westjohn","given":"D.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kim, M.-J.","contributorId":12229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"M.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70025798,"text":"70025798 - 2003 - Petrogenesis of mesozoic, peraluminous granites in the Lamoille canyon area, Ruby mountains, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T17:31:28.189151","indexId":"70025798","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrogenesis of mesozoic, peraluminous granites in the Lamoille canyon area, Ruby mountains, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Two groups of closely associated, peraluminous, two-mica granitic gneiss were identified in the area. The older, sparsely distributed unit is equigranular (EG) with initial ε</span><sub>Nd</sub><span>&nbsp;∼ − 8·8 and initial&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr ∼0·7098. Its age is uncertain. The younger unit is Late Cretaceous (∼80 Ma), pegmatitic, and sillimanite-bearing (KPG), with ε</span><sub>Nd</sub><span>&nbsp;from −15·8 to −17·3 and initial&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr from 0·7157 to 0·7198. The concentrations of Fe, Mg, Na, Ca, Sr, V, Zr, Zn and Hf are higher, and K, Rb and Th are lower in the EG. Major- and trace-element models indicate that the KPG was derived by muscovite dehydration melting (&lt;35 km depth) of Neoproterozoic metapelitic rocks that are widespread in the eastern Great Basin. The models are broadly consistent with anatexis of crust tectonically thickened during the Sevier orogeny; no mantle mass or heat contribution was necessary. As such, this unit represents one crustal end-member of regional Late Cretaceous peraluminous granites. The EG was produced by biotite dehydration melting at greater depths, with garnet stable in the residue. The source of the EG was probably Paleoproterozoic metagraywacke. Because EG magmatism probably pre-dated Late Cretaceous crustal thickening, it required heat input from the mantle or from mantle-derived magma.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/44.4.713","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Lee, S., Barnes, C., Snoke, A., Howard, K.A., and Frost, C., 2003, Petrogenesis of mesozoic, peraluminous granites in the Lamoille canyon area, Ruby mountains, Nevada, USA: Journal of Petrology, v. 44, no. 4, p. 713-732, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/44.4.713.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"713","endPage":"732","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388279,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Ruby Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.91650390625,\n              38.8225909761771\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.10400390625,\n              38.8225909761771\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.10400390625,\n              41.983994270935625\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.91650390625,\n              41.983994270935625\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.91650390625,\n              38.8225909761771\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7781e4b0c8380cd784f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, S.-Y.","contributorId":75669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"S.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, C. G.","contributorId":78819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"C. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snoke, A.W.","contributorId":14899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snoke","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howard, K. A.","contributorId":48938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howard","given":"K.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frost, C.D.","contributorId":20900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frost","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70182819,"text":"70182819 - 2003 - Brittle deformation along the Gulf of Alaska margin in response to Paleocene-Eocene triple junction migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-02T15:20:01.265535","indexId":"70182819","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Brittle deformation along the Gulf of Alaska margin in response to Paleocene-Eocene triple junction migration","docAbstract":"<p>A spreading center was subducted diachronously along a 2200 km segment of what is now the Gulf of Alaska margin between 61 and 50 Ma, and left in its wake near-trench intrusions and high-T, low-P metamorphic rocks. Gold-quartz veins and dikes, linked to ridge subduction by geochronological and relative timing evidence, provide a record of brittle deformation during and after passage of the ridge. The gold-quartz veins are typically hosted by faults, and their regional extent indicates there was widespread deformation of the forearc above the slab window at the time of ridge subduction. Considerable variability in the strain pattern was associated with the slab window and the trailing plate. A diffuse network of dextral, sinistral, and normal faults hosted small lode-gold deposits (&lt;50,000 oz) in south-central Alaska, whereas crustal-scale dextral faults in southeastern Alaska are spatially associated with large gold deposits (up to 800,000 oz).</p><p>We interpret the gold-quartz veins as having formed above an eastward-migrating slab window, where the forearc crust responded to the diminishing influence of the forward subducting plate, the increasing influence of the trailing plate, and the thermal pulse and decreased basal friction from the slab window. In addition, extensional deformation of the forearc resulted from the diverging motions of the two oceanic plates at the margins of the slab window. Factors that complicate interpretations of fault kinematics and near-trench dike orientations include a change in plate motions at ca. 52 Ma, northward translation of the accretionary complex, oroclinal bending of the south-central Alaska margin, and subduction of transform segments. We find the pattern of syn-ridge subduction faulting in southern Alaska is remarkably similar to brittle faults near the Chile triple junction and to earthquake focal mechanisms in the Woodlark basin - the two modern sites of ridge subduction. Therefore, extensional and strike-slip deformation above slab windows may be a common occurrence.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology of a transpressional orogen developed during ridge-trench interaction along the North Pacific margin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2371-X.119","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., Bradley, D., and Goldfarb, R.J., 2003, Brittle deformation along the Gulf of Alaska margin in response to Paleocene-Eocene triple junction migration, chap. <i>of</i> Geology of a transpressional orogen developed during ridge-trench interaction along the North Pacific margin, v. 371, p. 119-140, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2371-X.119.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"140","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336366,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -163,\n              53\n            ],\n            [\n              -135,\n              53\n            ],\n            [\n              -135,\n              61\n            ],\n            [\n              -163,\n              61\n            ],\n            [\n              -163,\n              53\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"371","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a43e4b01ccd54ff3fc6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sisson, V.B.","contributorId":101104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sisson","given":"V.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":887463,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roeske, Sarah M.","contributorId":141228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roeske","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13721,"text":"Department of Geology, University of Califorina Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887464,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pavlis, Terry L.","contributorId":52682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlis","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":887465,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":673884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":81459,"text":"81459 - 2003 - Biological structure and dynamics of fish assemblages in tributaries of eastern Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:52","indexId":"81459","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Biological structure and dynamics of fish assemblages in tributaries of eastern Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"Interest in effective management of Great Lakes natural resources and restoration of native populations has stimulated interest in the conditions and ecological role of tributaries in the Great Lakes ecosystem.  Rivers of Lake Ontario's eastern basin provide an excellent opportunity to examine important tributaries and their relationship to Lake Ontario.  This paper reports on the results of an investigation of fish assemblage structure in lower reaches of the Salmon and Oswego Rivers and at their interfaces with Lake Ontario.  These two systems represent conditions near the end points on a continuum from highly disturbed to pristine.  They are also of great interest to resource managers for their important fisheries and other economic values.  The objective was to identify distinct fish assemblages within these systems and relate their characteristics to biotic and abiotic conditions in an attempt to determine factors responsible for structuring and maintaining those species assemblages.  This information is intended to provide baseline information for monitoring the status of these rivers and coastal systems and to aid in the development of models of ecological health.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"State of Lake Ontario: past, present and future","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management Society","publisherLocation":"New Delhi","isbn":"8178982994","usgsCitation":"McKenna, J., 2003, Biological structure and dynamics of fish assemblages in tributaries of eastern Lake Ontario, chap. <i>of</i> State of Lake Ontario: past, present and future, p. 443-474.","productDescription":"p. 443-474","startPage":"443","endPage":"474","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb971","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Munawar, M.","contributorId":79835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munawar","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504131,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"McKenna, James E. Jr.","contributorId":56992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"James E.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025997,"text":"70025997 - 2003 - Crustal structure in the Elko-Carlin Region, Nevada, during Eocene gold mineralization: Ruby-East Humboldt metamorphic core complex as a guide to the deep crust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-27T17:43:31.028848","indexId":"70025997","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure in the Elko-Carlin Region, Nevada, during Eocene gold mineralization: Ruby-East Humboldt metamorphic core complex as a guide to the deep crust","docAbstract":"<p><span>The&nbsp;</span>deep<span>&nbsp;</span>crustal<span>&nbsp;rocks exposed&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the&nbsp;</span>Ruby<span>-</span>East<span>&nbsp;</span>Humboldt<span>&nbsp;</span>metamorphic<span>&nbsp;</span>core<span>&nbsp;</span>complex<span>, northeastern&nbsp;</span>Nevada<span>, provide&nbsp;</span>a<span>&nbsp;</span>guide<span>&nbsp;for reconstructing&nbsp;</span>Eocene<span>&nbsp;</span>crustal<span>&nbsp;</span>structure<span>&nbsp;∼50 km to the west near the&nbsp;</span>Carlin<span>&nbsp;trend of&nbsp;</span>gold<span>&nbsp;deposits. The&nbsp;</span>deep<span>&nbsp;</span>crustal<span>&nbsp;rocks,&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the footwall of&nbsp;</span>a<span>&nbsp;west-dipping normal-sense shear system, may have underlain the Piñon and Adobe Ranges about 50 km to the west before Tertiary extension, close to or under part of the&nbsp;</span>Carlin<span>&nbsp;trend.&nbsp;</span>Eocene<span>&nbsp;lakes formed on the hanging wall of the fault system during an early phase of extension and may have been linked to&nbsp;</span>a<span>&nbsp;fluid reservoir for hydrothermal circulation. The magnitude and timing of Paleogene extension remain indistinct, but dikes and tilt axes&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the upper&nbsp;</span>crust<span>&nbsp;indicate that spreading was&nbsp;</span>east<span>-west to northwest-southeast, perpendicular to&nbsp;</span>a<span>&nbsp;Paleozoic and Mesozoic orogen that the spreading overprinted. High geothermal gradients associated with&nbsp;</span>Eocene<span>&nbsp;or older&nbsp;</span>crustal<span>&nbsp;thinning may have contributed to hydrothermal circulation&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the upper&nbsp;</span>crust<span>. Late&nbsp;</span>Eocene<span>&nbsp;eruptions, upper&nbsp;</span>crustal<span>&nbsp;dike intrusion, and&nbsp;</span>gold<span>&nbsp;</span>mineralization<span>&nbsp;approximately coincided temporally with&nbsp;</span>deep<span>&nbsp;intrusion of&nbsp;</span>Eocene<span>&nbsp;sills of granite and quartz diorite and shallower intrusion of the Harrison Pass pluton into the&nbsp;</span>core<span>-</span>complex<span>&nbsp;rocks. Stacked Mesozoic nappes of metamorphosed Paleozoic and Precambrian rocks&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the&nbsp;</span>core<span>&nbsp;</span>complex<span>&nbsp;lay at least 13 to 20 km&nbsp;</span>deep<span>&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;</span>Eocene<span>&nbsp;time, on the basis of geobarometry studies.&nbsp;</span>In<span>&nbsp;the northern part of the&nbsp;</span>complex<span>, the presently exposed rocks had been even deeper&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the late Mesozoic, to &gt;30 km depths, before losing part of their cover by&nbsp;</span>Eocene<span>&nbsp;time. Nappes&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the&nbsp;</span>core<span>&nbsp;plunge northward beneath the originally thicker Mesozoic tectonic cover&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the north part of the&nbsp;</span>core<span>&nbsp;</span>complex<span>. Mesozoic nappes and tectonic wedging likely occupied the thickened midlevel&nbsp;</span>crustal<span>&nbsp;section between the&nbsp;</span>deep<span>&nbsp;</span>crustal<span>&nbsp;</span>core<span>-</span>complex<span>&nbsp;intrusions and nappes and the overlying upper&nbsp;</span>crust<span>. These structures,&nbsp;</span>as<span>&nbsp;well&nbsp;</span>as<span>&nbsp;the subsequent large-displacement Cenozoic extensional faulting and flow&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the&nbsp;</span>deep<span>&nbsp;</span>crust<span>, would be expected to blur the expression of any regional structural roots that could correlate with mineral belts. Structural mismatch of the mineralized upper&nbsp;</span>crust<span>&nbsp;and the tectonically&nbsp;</span>complex<span>&nbsp;middle&nbsp;</span>crust<span>&nbsp;suggests that the&nbsp;</span>Carlin<span>&nbsp;trend relates not to subjacent deeply penetrating rooted structures but to favorable upper&nbsp;</span>crustal<span>&nbsp;host rocks aligned within&nbsp;</span>a<span>&nbsp;relatively coherent regional block of upper&nbsp;</span>crust<span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.98.2.249","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Howard, K.A., 2003, Crustal structure in the Elko-Carlin Region, Nevada, during Eocene gold mineralization: Ruby-East Humboldt metamorphic core complex as a guide to the deep crust: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 2, p. 249-268, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.2.249.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"268","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387481,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Nevada","city":"Elko, Carlin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.26556396484374,\n              40.66397287638688\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.6805419921875,\n              40.66397287638688\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.6805419921875,\n              40.93426521177941\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.26556396484374,\n              40.93426521177941\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.26556396484374,\n              40.66397287638688\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fce9e4b0c8380cd4e4e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, K. A.","contributorId":48938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howard","given":"K.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70180860,"text":"70180860 - 2003 - Polar bear aerial survey in the eastern Chukchi Sea: A pilot study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-14T07:25:37","indexId":"70180860","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polar bear aerial survey in the eastern Chukchi Sea: A pilot study","docAbstract":"<div><p>Alaska has two polar bear populations: the Southern Beaufort Sea population, shared with Canada, and the Chukchi/Bering Seas population, shared with Russia. Currently a reliable population estimate for the Chukchi/Bering Seas population does not exist. Land-based aerial and mark-recapture population surveys may not be possible in the Chukchi Sea because variable ice conditions, the limited range of helicopters, extremely large polar bear home ranges, and severe weather conditions may limit access to remote areas. Thus line-transect aerial surveys from icebreakers may be the best available tool to monitor this polar bear stock. In August 2000, a line-transect survey was conducted in the eastern Chukchi Sea and western Beaufort Sea from helicopters based on a U.S. Coast Guard icebreaker under the \"Ship of Opportunity\" program. The objectives of this pilot study were to estimate polar bear density in the eastern Chukchi and western Beaufort Seas and to assess the logistical feasibility of using ship-based aerial surveys to develop polar bear population estimates. Twenty-nine polar bears in 25 groups were sighted on 94 transects (8257 km). The density of bears was estimated as 1 bear per 147 km² (CV = 38%). Additional aerial surveys in late fall, using dedicated icebreakers, would be required to achieve the number of sightings, survey effort, coverage, and precision needed for more effective monitoring of population trends in the Chukchi Sea.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic633","usgsCitation":"Evans, T., Fischbach, A.S., Schliebe, S.L., Manly, B., Kalxdorff, S.B., and York, G.S., 2003, Polar bear aerial survey in the eastern Chukchi Sea: A pilot study: Arctic, v. 56, no. 4, p. 359-366, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic633.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"366","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic633","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":334787,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chukchi Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -164.443359375,\n              69.16255790810501\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.064453125,\n              69.16255790810501\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.064453125,\n              72.01972876525514\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.443359375,\n              72.01972876525514\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.443359375,\n              69.16255790810501\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589847a9e4b0efcedb7072d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, Thomas J.","contributorId":174904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Thomas J.","affiliations":[{"id":13235,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischbach, Anthony S. 0000-0002-6555-865X afischbach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6555-865X","contributorId":2865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischbach","given":"Anthony","email":"afischbach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schliebe, Scott L.","contributorId":179097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schliebe","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manly, Bryan","contributorId":64292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manly","given":"Bryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kalxdorff, Susanne B.","contributorId":179098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kalxdorff","given":"Susanne","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"York, Geoff S.","contributorId":83842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"York","given":"Geoff","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70187629,"text":"70187629 - 2003 - Ecology of selected marine communities in Glacier Bay: Zooplankton, forage fish, seabirds and marine mammals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-11T13:22:00","indexId":"70187629","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Ecology of selected marine communities in Glacier Bay: Zooplankton, forage fish, seabirds and marine mammals","docAbstract":"<p>We studied oceanography (including primary production), secondary production, small schooling fish (SSF), and marine bird and mammal predators in Glacier Bay during 1999 and 2000. Results from these field efforts were combined with a review of current literature relating to the Glacier Bay environment. Since the conceptual model developed by Hale and Wright (1979) ‘changes and cycles’ continue to be the underlying theme of the Glacier Bay ecosystem. We found marked seasonality in many of the parameters that we investigated over the two years of research, and here we provide a comprehensive description of the distribution and relative abundance of a wide array of marine biota. </p><p>Glacier Bay is a tidally mixed estuary that leads into basins, which stratify in summer, with the upper arms behaving as traditional estuaries. The Bay is characterized by renewal and mixing events throughout the year, and markedly higher primary production than in many neighboring southeast Alaska fjords (Hooge and Hooge, 2002). </p><p>Zooplankton diversity and abundance within the upper 50 meters of the water column in Glacier Bay is similar to communities seen throughout the Gulf of Alaska. Zooplankton in the lower regions of Glacier Bay peak in abundance in late May or early June, as observed at Auke Bay and in the Gulf of Alaska. The key distinction between the lower Bay and other estuaries in the Gulf of Alaska is that a second smaller peak in densities occurs in August. The upper Bay behaved uniformly in temporal trends, peaking in July. Densities had begun to decline in August, but were still more than twice those observed in that region in May. The highest density of zooplankton observed was 17,870 organisms/m3 in Tarr Inlet during July. Trends in zooplankton community abundance and diversity within the lower Bay were distinct from upper-Glacier Bay trends. Whereas the lower Bay is strongly influenced by Gulf of Alaska processes, local processes are the strongest influence in the upper-Bay.</p><p>We identified 55 species of fish during this study (1999 and 2000) from beach seines, mid-water trawls, and rod and line catches. The diversity of physical, oceanographic, and glacial chronological conditions within Glacier Bay contribute a suite of factors that influence the distribution and abundance of fish. Accordingly, we observed significant differences in the abundance and distribution of fish within the Bay. Most significantly, abundance and diversity (primarily juvenile fish including walleye Pollock, eelblennies, and capelin) were greatest at the head of both the east and west arms where zooplankton abundance was greatest – in close proximity to tidewater glaciers and freshwater runoff. </p><p>All of Glacier Bay and Icy Strait were surveyed hydroacoustically for plankton and fish during June 1999 surveys. Acoustically determined forage biomass was concentrated in relatively few important areas such as Pt. Adolphus, Berg Bay, on the Geikie-Scidmore shelf, around the Beardslee/Marble islands, and the upper arms of Glacier Bay. Forage biomass (primarily small schooling fish and euphausiids) was concentrated in shallow, nearshore waters; 50 % of acoustic biomass was found at depths &lt; 35m, 80 % of biomass at depths &lt; 80m. During our sampling, high density patches of prey were very rare, and less than 8 % of the area surveyed in Glacier Bay contained patch densities suitable (e.g., &gt; 0.01 fish/m<sup>3</sup>) for seabirds foraging on zooplankton and small schooling fish. Less than 1 % of the area contained patches suitable (e.g., &gt;0.1 fish/m<sup>3</sup>) for whales foraging on zooplankton and small schooling fish. High-density aggregations of 0.1-10 fish/m<sup>3</sup> were comprised mostly of schools containing capelin, pollock, herring or euphausiids (0.1-1 kg/m<sup>3</sup>).</p><p>During predator surveys (1999-2000), we observed 63 species of birds and 7 species of marine mammals. Seasonal distribution and abundance of these “apex” predators was highly variable by species. Glacier Bay supports high numbers of seabirds and marine mammals that consume zooplankton and small schooling fish. Nearshore areas had higher densities of both birds and marine mammals. Several areas, such as Pt. Adolphus, Berg Bay, on the Geikie-Scidmore shelf, the Beardslee/Marble islands, and the upper arms of Glacier Bay were focal points of small schooling fish and zooplankton consuming marine birds and mammals. Comparisons between surveys and a prior study (1991) suggested that the assemblage of birds and marine mammals in the Bay is undergoing change. Most notable was a clear decline in Brachyramphus spp. murrelets while other apex species are increasing or remaining stable.</p><p>It should be noted that many of the birds and mammals observed during this project, e.g. mergansers, do not forage on zooplankton and small schooling fish; rather they forage on benthic fish and sessile invertebrates. While distribution and sampling data for these marine predator species are valid, this study did not sample benthic fish and sessile invertebrates. Thus, recommendations made by this project should be interpreted as generally specific to the zooplankton/small schooling fish marine food web components of the Glacier Bay Ecosystem. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"Robards, M.D., Drew, G.S., Piatt, J.F., Anson, J.M., Abookire, A.A., Bodkin, J.L., Hooge, P.N., and Speckman, S., 2003, Ecology of selected marine communities in Glacier Bay: Zooplankton, forage fish, seabirds and marine mammals, xiii, 156 p.","productDescription":"xiii, 156 p.","numberOfPages":"169","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341116,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341115,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://alaska.usgs.gov/science/biology/seabirds_foragefish/products/reports/Glacier_Bay_Marine_Communities.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -135,\n              58\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.5,\n              58\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.5,\n              59.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -135,\n              59.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -135,\n              58\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59155bf1e4b01a342e69138e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robards, Martin D.","contributorId":40148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robards","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drew, Gary S. 0000-0002-6789-0891 gdrew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6789-0891","contributorId":3311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Gary","email":"gdrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anson, Jennifer Marie","contributorId":2712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anson","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Abookire, Alisa A.","contributorId":107224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abookire","given":"Alisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hooge, Philip N.","contributorId":52029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooge","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Speckman, Suzann G.","contributorId":88217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speckman","given":"Suzann G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70182826,"text":"70182826 - 2003 - Geologic signature of early Tertiary ridge subduction in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T15:37:38.263204","indexId":"70182826","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5198,"text":"Geological Society of America Special Papers ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic signature of early Tertiary ridge subduction in Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>A mid-Paleocene to early Eocene encounter between an oceanic spreading center and a subduction zone produced a wide range of geologic features in Alaska. The most striking effects are seen in the accretionary prism (Chugach–Prince William terrane), where 61 to 50 Ma near-trench granitic to gabbroic plutons were intruded into accreted trench sediments that had been deposited only a few million years earlier. This short time interval also saw the genesis of ophiolites, some of which contain syngenetic massive sulfide deposits; the rapid burial of these ophiolites beneath trench turbidites, followed immediately by obduction; anomalous high-T, low-P, near-trench metamorphism; intense ductile deformation; motion on transverse strike-slip and normal faults; gold mineralization; and uplift of the accretionary prism above sea level. The magmatic arc experienced a brief flare-up followed by quiescence. In the Alaskan interior, 100 to 600 km landward of the paleotrench, several Paleocene to Eocene sedimentary basins underwent episodes of extensional subsidence, accompanied by bimodal volcanism. Even as far as 1000 km inboard of the paleotrench, the ancestral Brooks Range and its foreland basin experienced a pulse of uplift that followed about 40 million years of quiescence.</p><p>All of these events - but most especially those in the accretionary prism - can be attributed with varying degrees of confidence to the subduction of an oceanic spreading center. In this model, the ophiolites and allied ore deposits were produced at the soon-to-be subducted ridge. Near-trench magmatism, metamorphism, deformation, and gold mineralization took place in the accretionary prism above a slab window, where hot asthenosphere welled up into the gap between the two subducted, but still diverging, plates. Deformation took place as the critically tapered accretionary prism adjusted its shape to changes in the bathymetry of the incoming plate, changes in the convergence direction before and after ridge subduction, and changes in the strength of the prism as it was heated and then cooled. In this model, events in the Alaskan interior would have taken place above more distal, deeper parts of the slab window. Extensional (or transtensional) basin subsidence was driven by the two subducting plates that each exerted different tractions on the upper plate. The magmatic lull along the arc presumably marks a time when hydrated lithosphere was not being subducted beneath the arc axis. The absence of a subducting slab also may explain uplift of the Brooks Range and North Slope: Geodynamic models predict that longwavelength uplift of this magnitude will take place far inboard from Andean-type margins when a subducting slab is absent. Precise correlations between events in the accretionary prism and the Alaskan interior are hampered, however, by palinspastic problems. During and since the early Tertiary, margin-parallel strike-slip faulting has offset the near-trench plutonic belt - i.e., the very basis for locating the triple junction and slab window&nbsp;- from its backstop, by an amount that remains controversial.</p><p>Near-trench magmatism began at 61 Ma at Sanak Island in the west but not until 51 Ma at Baranof Island, 2200 km to the east. A west-to-east age progression suggests migration of a trench-ridge-trench triple junction, which we term the Sanak-Baranof triple junction. Most workers have held that the subducted ridge separated the Kula and Farallon plates. As a possible alternative, we suggest that the ridge may have separated the Kula plate from another oceanic plate to the east, which we have termed the Resurrection plate.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2371-X.19","usgsCitation":"Bradley, D., Kusky, T.M., Haeussler, P.J., Goldfarb, R.J., Miller, M.L., Dumoulin, J.A., Nelson, S.W., and Karl, S.M., 2003, Geologic signature of early Tertiary ridge subduction in Alaska: Geological Society of America Special Papers , v. 371, p. 19-49, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2371-X.19.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"49","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336368,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -163,\n              53\n            ],\n            [\n              -135,\n              53\n            ],\n            [\n              -135,\n              61\n            ],\n            [\n              -163,\n              61\n            ],\n            [\n              -163,\n              53\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"371","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a43e4b01ccd54ff3fc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kusky, Timothy M.","contributorId":11664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kusky","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":673914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942 mlmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti","email":"mlmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nelson, Steven W.","contributorId":74024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Karl, Susan M. 0000-0003-1559-7826 skarl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-7826","contributorId":502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Susan","email":"skarl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70025197,"text":"70025197 - 2003 - Kilauea east rift zone magmatism: An episode 54 perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T17:42:40.769696","indexId":"70025197","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kilauea east rift zone magmatism: An episode 54 perspective","docAbstract":"<p><span>On January 29 30, 1997, prolonged steady-state effusion of lava from Pu'u'O'o was briefly disrupted by shallow extension beneath Napau Crater, 1 4 km uprift of the active&nbsp;</span>Kilauea<span>&nbsp;vent. A 23-h-long eruption (</span>episode<span>&nbsp;</span>54<span>) ensued from fissures that were overlapping or en echelon with eruptive fissures formed during&nbsp;</span>episode<span>&nbsp;1 in 1983 and those of earlier&nbsp;</span>rift<span>&nbsp;</span>zone<span>&nbsp;eruptions in 1963 and 1968. Combined geophysical and petrologic data for the 1994 1999 eruptive interval, including&nbsp;</span>episode<span>&nbsp;</span>54<span>, reveal a variety of shallow magmatic conditions that persist in association with prolonged&nbsp;</span>rift<span>&nbsp;</span>zone<span>&nbsp;eruption. Near-vent lava samples document a significant range in composition, temperature and crystallinity of pre-eruptive magma. As supported by phenocryst liquid relations and&nbsp;</span>Kilauea<span>&nbsp;mineral thermometers established herein, the&nbsp;</span>rift<span>&nbsp;</span>zone<span>&nbsp;extension that led to&nbsp;</span>episode<span>&nbsp;</span>54<span>&nbsp;resulted in mixture of near-cotectic magma with discrete magma bodies cooled to ≤1100°C. Mixing models indicate that magmas isolated beneath Napau Crater since 1963 and 1968 constituted 32 65% of the hybrid mixtures erupted during&nbsp;</span>episode<span>&nbsp;</span>54<span>. Geophysical measurements support passive displacement of open-system magma along the active&nbsp;</span>east<span>&nbsp;</span>rift<span>&nbsp;conduit into closed-system&nbsp;</span>rift<span>-reservoirs along a shallow&nbsp;</span>zone<span>&nbsp;of extension. Geophysical and petrologic data for early&nbsp;</span>episode<span>&nbsp;55 document the gradual flushing of&nbsp;</span>episode<span>&nbsp;</span>54<span>&nbsp;related magma during magmatic recharge of the edifice.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egg048","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Thornber, C., Heliker, C., Sherrod, D.R., Kauahikaua, J.P., Mikijus, A., Okubo, P.G., Trusdell, F., Budahn, J., Ridley, W., and Meeker, G., 2003, Kilauea east rift zone magmatism: An episode 54 perspective: Journal of Petrology, v. 44, no. 9, p. 1525-1559, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egg048.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"1525","endPage":"1559","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388280,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea East Rift Zone","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.1104736328125,\n              19.80805412808859\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2532958984375,\n              19.456233596018\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3192138671875,\n              19.25929414046391\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.1104736328125,\n              19.295590314804254\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.8358154296875,\n              19.440694401302856\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.8248291015625,\n              19.53390722018251\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.0335693359375,\n              19.761533975023298\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.1104736328125,\n              19.80805412808859\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4091e4b0c8380cd64e6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thornber, C.R.","contributorId":69302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornber","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heliker, C.","contributorId":80314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heliker","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherrod, D. 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