Two manned submersible dives examined the Hualalai Northwest rift zone and an elongate ridge cresting at 3900 mbsl during a 2002 JAMSTEC cruise. The rift zone flank at dive site S690 (water depth 3412–2104 m) is draped by elongated and truncated pillow lavas. These olivine-rich tholeiitic lavas are compositionally indistinguishable from those examined further south along the bench, except that they span a wider range in dissolved sulfur content (200–1400 ppm). The elongate ridge investigated in dive S692, located at the base of the bench, is a package of distinct lithologic units containing volcaniclastic materials, glassy pillow breccias, and lava blocks; these units contain a range of compositions including tholeiitic basalt, transitional basalt, and hawaiite. The textures, compositions, and stratigraphic relationships of materials within the elongate ridge require that a variety of transport mechanisms juxtaposed materials from multiple eruptions into individual beds, compacted them into a coherent package of units, and brought the package to its present depth 10 km from the edge of the North Kona slump bench.
\nSulfur-rich hawaiite glasses at the base of the elongate ridge may represent the first extant representatives of juvenile alkalic volcanism at Hualalai. They are geochemically distinct from shield tholeiite and post-shield alkalic magmas, but may be related to transitional basalt by high-pressure crystal fractionation of clinopyroxene. Tholeiitic glasses that compose the majority of the exposed outcrop are similar to Mauna Kea tholeiites and other Hualalai tholeiites, but they differ from younger basalts in having greater incompatible element enrichments and higher CaO for a given MgO. These differences could arise from small extents of partial melting during the transition from alkalic to shield stage magmatism. Low sulfur contents of most of the volcaniclastic tholeiites point to early emergence of Hualalai above sea level relative to the development of the midslope slump bench.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.028","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Hammer, J.E., Coombs, M.L., Shamberger, P.J., and Kimura, J., 2006, Submarine sliver in North Kona: A window into the early magmatic and growth history of Hualalai Volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 151, no. 1-3, p. 157-188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.028.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"188","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239491,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Hualalai Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.5,\n 19.1\n ],\n [\n -155.5,\n 20.5\n ],\n [\n -156.5,\n 20.5\n ],\n [\n -156.5,\n 19.1\n ],\n [\n -155.5,\n 19.1\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"151","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d34e4b08c986b31d6dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammer, Julia E.","contributorId":174787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hammer","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shamberger, Patrick J.","contributorId":25046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shamberger","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kimura, Jun-Ichi","contributorId":77719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimura","given":"Jun-Ichi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030557,"text":"70030557 - 2006 - Quaternary fans and terraces in the Khumbu Himal south of Mount Everest: their characteristics, age and formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T12:46:43","indexId":"70030557","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2545,"text":"Journal of the Geological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quaternary fans and terraces in the Khumbu Himal south of Mount Everest: their characteristics, age and formation","docAbstract":"Large fans and terraces are frequent in the Khumbu Himal within the high Himalayan valleys south of Mt. Everest. These features are composed of massive matrix- and clast-supported diamicts that were formed from both hyperconcentrated flows and coarse-grained debris flows. Cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN) exposure ages for boulders on fans and terraces indicate that periods of fan and terrace formation occurred at c. 16, c. 12, c. 8, c. 4 and c. 1.5 ka, and are broadly coincident with the timing of glaciation in the region. The dating precision is insufficient to resolve whether the surfaces formed before, during or after the correlated glacial advance. However, the sedimentology, and morphostratigraphic and geomorphological relationships suggest that fan and terrace sedimentation in this part of the Himalaya primarily occurs during glacier retreat and is thus paraglacial in origin. Furthermore, modern glacial-lake outburst floods and their associated deposits are common in the Khumbu Himal as the result of glacial retreat during historical times. We therefore suggest that Late Quaternary and Holocene fan and terrace formation and sediment transfer are probably linked to temporal changes in discharge and sediment load caused by glacier oscillations responding to climate change. The timing of major sedimentation events in this region can be correlated with fans and terraces in other parts of the Himalaya, suggesting that major sedimentation throughout the Himalaya is synchronous and tied to regional climatic oscillations. Bedrock incision rates calculated from strath terrace ages average c. 3.9 mm a−1, suggesting that the overall rate of incision is set by regional uplift.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Geological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/0016-764904-157","issn":"00167649","usgsCitation":"Barnard, P., Owen, L., and Finkel, R., 2006, Quaternary fans and terraces in the Khumbu Himal south of Mount Everest: their characteristics, age and formation: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 163, no. 2, p. 383-399, https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-764904-157.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"399","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477446,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.528.7134","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211872,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/0016-764904-157"},{"id":239245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"25000","country":"Nepal","otherGeospatial":"Imja Khola Valley, Khumbu Himal, Mount Everest","volume":"163","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9290e4b0c8380cd80925","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnard, P.L.","contributorId":20527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Owen, L.A.","contributorId":94836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finkel, R.C.","contributorId":79677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkel","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028977,"text":"70028977 - 2006 - River-aquifer interactions, geologic heterogeneity, and low-flow management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028977","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"River-aquifer interactions, geologic heterogeneity, and low-flow management","docAbstract":"Low river flows are commonly controlled by river-aquifer exchange, the magnitude of which is governed by hydraulic properties of both aquifer and aquitard materials beneath the river. Low flows are often important ecologically. Numerical simulations were used to assess how textural heterogeneity of an alluvial system influences river seepage and low flows. The Cosumnes River in California was used as a test case. Declining fall flows in the Cosumnes River have threatened Chinook salmon runs. A ground water-surface water model for the lower river basin was developed, which incorporates detailed geostatistical simulations of aquifer heterogeneity. Six different realizations of heterogeneity and a homogenous model were run for a 3-year period. Net annual seepage from the river was found to be similar among the models. However, spatial distribution of seepage along the channel, water table configuration and the level of local connection, and disconnection between the river and aquifer showed strong variations among the different heterogeneous models. Most importantly, the heterogeneous models suggest that river seepage losses can be reduced by local reconnections, even when the regional water table remains well below the riverbed. The percentage of river channel responsible for 50% of total river seepage ranged from 10% to 26% in the heterogeneous models as opposed to 23% in the homogeneous model. Differences in seepage between the models resulted in up to 13 d difference in the number of days the river was open for salmon migration during the critical fall months in one given year. Copyright ?? 2006 The Author(s).","largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00190.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Fleckenstein, J., Niswonger, R., and Fogg, G., 2006, River-aquifer interactions, geologic heterogeneity, and low-flow management, in Ground Water, v. 44, no. 6, p. 837-852, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00190.x.","startPage":"837","endPage":"852","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209858,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00190.x"}],"volume":"44","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadbbe4b0c8380cd86f72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleckenstein, J.H.","contributorId":67273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleckenstein","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niswonger, R.G.","contributorId":103393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fogg, G.E.","contributorId":58379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogg","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030566,"text":"70030566 - 2006 - Gas-water-rock interactions in sedimentary basins: CO2 sequestration in the Frio Formation, Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030566","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas-water-rock interactions in sedimentary basins: CO2 sequestration in the Frio Formation, Texas, USA","docAbstract":"To investigate the potential for the geologic storage of CO2 in saline sedimentary aquifers, 1600??ton of CO2 were injected at ???1500 m depth into a 24-m sandstone section of the Frio Formation - a regional reservoir in the US Gulf Coast. Fluid samples obtained from the injection and observation wells before, during and after CO2 injection show a Na-Ca-Cl type brine with 93,000??mg/L TDS and near saturation of CH4 at reservoir conditions. As injected CO2 gas reached the observation well, results showed sharp drops in pH (6.5 to 5.7), pronounced increases in alkalinity (100 to 3000??mg/L as HCO3) and Fe (30 to 1100??mg/L), and significant shifts in the isotopic compositions of H2O and DIC. Geochemical modeling indicates that brine pH would have dropped lower, but for buffering by dissolution of calcite and Fe oxyhydroxides. Post-injection results show the brine gradually returning to its pre-injection composition. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.11.077","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Kharaka, Y., Cole, D., Thordsen, J., Kakouros, E., and Nance, H., 2006, Gas-water-rock interactions in sedimentary basins: CO2 sequestration in the Frio Formation, Texas, USA: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 89, no. 1-3 SPEC. ISS., p. 183-186, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.11.077.","startPage":"183","endPage":"186","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212016,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.11.077"},{"id":239419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"1-3 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14e0e4b0c8380cd54be9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kharaka, Y.K.","contributorId":23568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Y.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, D.R.","contributorId":45503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thordsen, J.J.","contributorId":43121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thordsen","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kakouros, E. kakouros@usgs.gov","contributorId":34323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kakouros","given":"E.","email":"kakouros@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nance, H.S.","contributorId":33112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nance","given":"H.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030523,"text":"70030523 - 2006 - The Ryan/Harley site: Sedimentology of an inundated Paleoindian site in north Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030523","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1749,"text":"Geoarchaeology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Ryan/Harley site: Sedimentology of an inundated Paleoindian site in north Florida","docAbstract":"The Ryan/Harley site (Florida Master Site File Number: 8Je-1004) is a Middle Paleoindian habitation site containing Suwannee points. Based on stratigraphic correlation and diagnostic artifact seriation, Suwannee-age sites have been relatively dated from ??? 10,900 14C yr B.P to ??? 10,500 14C yr B.P. Clovis-like traits on the Suwannee points and other stone tools from the Ryan/Harley site suggest it dates to the earlier end of the Suwannee timeframe. The currently inundated site is partially buried beneath a sediment column located in a swamp forest and partially exposed in a side channel section of the Wacissa River, Jefferson County, Florida. Research done prior to this analysis determined that the artifact assemblage appeared to be unsorted and was contained in a midden-like unit. Our purpose here is to assess the issue of site integrity further. Unconsolidated sediment samples collected from the artifact-bearing horizon and from horizons immediately above and below the artifact horizon were analyzed using granulometric techniques. Arithmetic probability plots of the grain-size distributions show that the sediments were transported and deposited by fluvial processes. Thus, the Suwannee points and associated artifacts, and faunal remains appear to have accumulated during a time of subaerial exposure perhaps after a regional water-table decline, and have remained largely or essentially intact, with little or no postdepositional reworking. The artifacts and faunal remains recovered from the artifact-bearing horizon at Ryan/Harley are distributed randomly, showing no sign of sorting. In the fossil suite, two articulated white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) vertebra were recovered in situ. The unsorted nature of artifacts and articulated faunal remains that are contained within the fluvially deposited sediments suggests the Suwannee point level of the Ryan/Harley site has remained undisturbed since original deposition. ?? 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geoarchaeology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/gea.20109","issn":"08836353","usgsCitation":"Balsillie, J.H., Means, G., and Dunbar, J., 2006, The Ryan/Harley site: Sedimentology of an inundated Paleoindian site in north Florida: Geoarchaeology, v. 21, no. 4, p. 363-391, https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.20109.","startPage":"363","endPage":"391","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211870,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.20109"},{"id":239243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba8c5e4b08c986b321e35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balsillie, J. H.","contributorId":12226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balsillie","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Means, G.H.","contributorId":76348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Means","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunbar, J.S.","contributorId":31976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunbar","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030521,"text":"70030521 - 2006 - Sorption processes affecting arsenic solubility in oxidized surface sediments from Tulare Lake Bed, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T09:56:42","indexId":"70030521","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sorption processes affecting arsenic solubility in oxidized surface sediments from Tulare Lake Bed, California","docAbstract":"Elevated concentrations of arsenic (As) in shallow groundwater in Tulare Basin pose an environmental risk because of the carcinogenic properties of As and the potential for its migration to deep aquifers that could serve as a future drinking water source. Adsorption and desorption are hypothesized to be the major processes controlling As solubility in oxidized surface sediments where arsenate [As(V)] is dominant. This study examined the relationship between sorption processes and arsenic solubility in shallow sediments from the dry Tulare Lake bed by determining sorption isotherms, pH effect on solubility, and desorption-readsorption behavior (hysteresis), and by using a surface complexation model to describe sorption. The sediments showed a high capacity to adsorb As(V). Estimates of the maximum adsorption capacity were 92 mg As kg- 1 at pH 7.5 and 70 mg As kg- 1 at pH 8.5 obtained using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Soluble arsenic [> 97% As(V)] did not increase dramatically until above pH 10. In the native pH range (7.5-8.5), soluble As concentrations were close to the lowest, indicating that As was strongly retained on the sediment. A surface complexation model, the constant capacitance model, was able to provide a simultaneous fit to both adsorption isotherms (pH 7.5 and 8.5) and the adsorption envelope (pH effect on soluble As), although the data ranges are one order of magnitude different. A hysteresis phenomenon between As adsorbed on the sediment and As in solution phase was observed in the desorption-readsorption processes and differs from conventional hysteresis observed in adsorption-desorption processes. The cause is most likely due to modification of adsorbent surfaces in sediment samples upon extensive extractions (or desorption). The significance of the hysteresis phenomenon in affecting As solubility and mobility may be better understood by further microscopic studies of As interaction mechanisms with sediments subjected to extensive leaching in natural environments. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.11.017","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Gao, S., Goldberg, S., Herbel, M., Chalmers, A., Fujii, R., and Tanji, K., 2006, Sorption processes affecting arsenic solubility in oxidized surface sediments from Tulare Lake Bed, California: Chemical Geology, v. 228, no. 1-3 SPEC. ISS., p. 33-43, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.11.017.","startPage":"33","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211840,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.11.017"}],"volume":"228","issue":"1-3 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9311e4b08c986b31a289","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gao, S.","contributorId":48725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gao","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldberg, S.","contributorId":64888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herbel, M.J.","contributorId":57232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chalmers, A.T. 0000-0002-5199-8080","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5199-8080","contributorId":63576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalmers","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fujii, R.","contributorId":32278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tanji, K.K.","contributorId":31161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanji","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030532,"text":"70030532 - 2006 - Holocene history of drift ice in the northern North Atlantic: Evidence for different spatial and temporal modes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030532","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene history of drift ice in the northern North Atlantic: Evidence for different spatial and temporal modes","docAbstract":"We present new high-resolution proxy data for the Holocene history of drift ice off Iceland based on the mineralogy of the <2-mm sediment fraction using quantitative X-ray diffraction. These new data, bolstered by a comparison with published proxy records, point to a long-term increasing trend in drift ice input into the North Atlantic from 6 to 5 ka toward the present day at sites influenced by the cold east Greenland Current. This feature reflects the late Holocene Neoglacial or cooling period recorded in ice cores and further terrestrial archives on Greenland. In contrast, a decrease in drift ice during the same period is recorded at sites underlying the North Atlantic Drift, which may reflect a warming of this region. The results document that Holocene changes in iceberg rafting and sea ice advection did not occur uniformly across the North Atlantic. Centennial-scale climate variability in the North Atlantic region over the last ???4 kyr is linked to the observed changes in drift ice input. Increased drift ice may have played a role in the increase of cold intervals during the late Holocene, e.g., the Little Ice Age cooling. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleoceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005PA001214","issn":"08838305","usgsCitation":"Moros, M., Andrews, J.T., Eberl, D.D., and Jansen, E., 2006, Holocene history of drift ice in the northern North Atlantic: Evidence for different spatial and temporal modes: Paleoceanography, v. 21, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005PA001214.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211959,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005PA001214"},{"id":239349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31e8e4b0c8380cd5e334","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moros, M.","contributorId":49597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moros","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, John T.","contributorId":79678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jansen, E.","contributorId":45514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jansen","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030562,"text":"70030562 - 2006 - State summaries: Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030562","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"State summaries: Idaho","docAbstract":"According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS), Idaho's preliminary nonfuel mineral production value jumped to $893 million in 2005. Principal minerals by value included molybdenum concentrates, phosphate rock, sand and gravel, silver and portland cement. The state ranked second in phosphate and garnet production, third in silver and pumice, fourth in molybdenum concentrate production, and 21st overall. Majority of mining increases for the year were spurred by demand for metals by China's growing economy.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00265187","usgsCitation":"Gillerman, V., Weaver, M., and Bennett, E.H., 2006, State summaries: Idaho: Mining Engineering, v. 58, no. 5, p. 80-85.","startPage":"80","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b96d5e4b08c986b31b72b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillerman, V.S.","contributorId":37149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillerman","given":"V.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weaver, M.J.","contributorId":77362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, E. H.","contributorId":39041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030885,"text":"70030885 - 2006 - Estimation of elastic moduli in a compressible Gibson half-space by inverting Rayleigh-wave phase velocity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030885","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3503,"text":"Surveys in Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of elastic moduli in a compressible Gibson half-space by inverting Rayleigh-wave phase velocity","docAbstract":"A Gibson half-space model (a non-layered Earth model) has the shear modulus varying linearly with depth in an inhomogeneous elastic half-space. In a half-space of sedimentary granular soil under a geostatic state of initial stress, the density and the Poisson's ratio do not vary considerably with depth. In such an Earth body, the dynamic shear modulus is the parameter that mainly affects the dispersion of propagating waves. We have estimated shear-wave velocities in the compressible Gibson half-space by inverting Rayleigh-wave phase velocities. An analytical dispersion law of Rayleigh-type waves in a compressible Gibson half-space is given in an algebraic form, which makes our inversion process extremely simple and fast. The convergence of the weighted damping solution is guaranteed through selection of the damping factor using the Levenberg-Marquardt method. Calculation efficiency is achieved by reconstructing a weighted damping solution using singular value decomposition techniques. The main advantage of this algorithm is that only three parameters define the compressible Gibson half-space model. Theoretically, to determine the model by the inversion, only three Rayleigh-wave phase velocities at different frequencies are required. This is useful in practice where Rayleigh-wave energy is only developed in a limited frequency range or at certain frequencies as data acquired at manmade structures such as dams and levees. Two real examples are presented and verified by borehole S-wave velocity measurements. The results of these real examples are also compared with the results of the layered-Earth model. ?? Springer 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Surveys in Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10712-005-7261-3","issn":"01693298","usgsCitation":"Xia, J., Xu, Y., Miller, R., and Chen, C., 2006, Estimation of elastic moduli in a compressible Gibson half-space by inverting Rayleigh-wave phase velocity: Surveys in Geophysics, v. 27, no. 1, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-005-7261-3.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211664,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10712-005-7261-3"},{"id":238998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b86e4b0c8380cd5276f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chen, C.","contributorId":98490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031093,"text":"70031093 - 2006 - Interactive effects of substrate, hydroperiod, and nutrients on seedling growth of Salix nigra and Taxodium distichum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-17T14:16:24","indexId":"70031093","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1575,"text":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactive effects of substrate, hydroperiod, and nutrients on seedling growth of Salix nigra and Taxodium distichum","docAbstract":"The large river swamps of Louisiana have complex topography and hydrology, characterized by black willow (Salix nigra) dominance on accreting alluvial sediments and vast areas of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) deepwater swamps with highly organic substrates. Seedling survival of these two wetland tree species is influenced by their growth rate in relation to the height and duration of annual flooding in riverine environments. This study examines the interactive effects of substrate, hydroperiod, and nutrients on growth rates of black willow and baldcypress seedlings. In a greenhouse experiment with a split-split-plot design, 1-year seedlings of black willow and baldcypress were subjected to two nutrient treatments (unfertilized versus fertilized), two hydroperiods (continuously flooded versus twice daily flooding/draining), and two substrates (sand versus commercial peat mix). Response variables included height, diameter, lateral branch count, biomass, and root:stem ratio. Black willow growth in height and diameter, as well as all biomass components, were significantly greater in peat substrate than in sand. Black willow showed a significant hydroperiod-nutrient interaction wherein fertilizer increased stem and root biomass under drained conditions, but flooded plants did not respond to fertilization. Baldcypress diameter and root biomass were higher in peat than in sand, and the same two variables increased with fertilization in flooded as well as drained treatments. These results can be used in Louisiana wetland forest models as inputs of seedling growth and survival, regeneration potential, and biomass accumulation rates of black willow and baldcypress.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2004.10.009","issn":"00988472","usgsCitation":"Day, R.H., Doyle, T., and Draugelis-Dale, R., 2006, Interactive effects of substrate, hydroperiod, and nutrients on seedling growth of Salix nigra and Taxodium distichum: Environmental and Experimental Botany, v. 55, no. 1-2, p. 163-174, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2004.10.009.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"174","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cdde4b0c8380cd630eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day, Richard H. 0000-0002-5959-7054 dayr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-7054","contributorId":2427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Richard","email":"dayr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doyle, T.W. 0000-0001-5754-0671","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0671","contributorId":16783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"T.W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Draugelis-Dale, R. O. 0000-0001-8532-3287","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8532-3287","contributorId":103076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draugelis-Dale","given":"R. O.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":429988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031121,"text":"70031121 - 2006 - PEPA-1* genotype affects return rate for hatchery steelhead","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T15:58:48","indexId":"70031121","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"PEPA-1* genotype affects return rate for hatchery steelhead","docAbstract":"Allozymes continue to be useful as genetic markers in a variety of studies; however, their utility often hinges on the selective neutrality of the allelic variation. Our study tested for neutrality between the two most common alleles (*100 and *110) at the cytosol nonspecific dipeptidase locus (PEPA-1*) in steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss from Dworshak National Fish Hatchery in Idaho. We tested for differential growth and survival among fish with the * 100/100, *100/ 110, and *110/110 genotypes rearing in a hatchery or a natural stream. We repeated the study for two year-classes, using heterozygous (*100/110) adults to make the experimental crosses. This design avoided differences in family contribution among genotypes because each cross produced all three genotypes. We divided the progeny from each family into two groups. One group was reared in a hatchery for 1 year and then released for migration to the sea and subsequent return to the hatchery as adults. The other group was released into a natural stream and monitored for 3 years. We found no significant differences in size or survival among PEPA-1* genotypes for either the naturally reared fish or the hatchery-reared fish immediately prior to release as smolts. For females, survival to returning adult also was similar among genotypes; however, hatchery-reared males with the *110/110 genotype returned at a higher rate than did males with the *100/ 100 genotype; heterozygous males were intermediate. These results indicate that selection occurs at the PEPA-1* locus or at one or more loci tightly linked to it. The finding of nearly equal frequencies for these two alleles in the source population suggests that selection differentials among genotypes reverse or vary from year to year; otherwise, steady directional selection would drive the *100 allele to low frequencies or extinction. Locus PEPA-1* seems inappropriate for genetic marks in studies of steelhead that span the full life cycle and probably should be avoided for any portion of the life cycle. Inferences about gene flow and population structure from studies that are substantially influenced by PEPA-1* allele frequencies might be misleading. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2006.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/T04-222.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Reisenbichler, R., Hayes, M., Rubin, S., Wetzel, L., and Baker, B., 2006, PEPA-1* genotype affects return rate for hatchery steelhead: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 135, no. 1, p. 28-39, https://doi.org/10.1577/T04-222.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"39","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211279,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T04-222.1"}],"volume":"135","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7346e4b0c8380cd76f41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reisenbichler, R.R.","contributorId":77356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, M.C.","contributorId":59596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubin, S.P.","contributorId":98941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wetzel, L.A.","contributorId":41213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baker, B.M.","contributorId":51979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031092,"text":"70031092 - 2006 - Hierarchical models for avian ecologists","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:18","indexId":"70031092","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hierarchical models for avian ecologists","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Condor","language":"English","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[0001:HMFAE]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Kristan, W., and Scott, J.M., 2006, Hierarchical models for avian ecologists, in Condor, v. 108, no. 1, p. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[0001:HMFAE]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477725,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[0001:hmfae]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211339,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[0001:HMFAE]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":238613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30a0e4b0c8380cd5d7db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kristan, W. B. III","contributorId":106444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kristan","given":"W. B.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, J. M.","contributorId":55766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031119,"text":"70031119 - 2006 - Real-time measurement of volcanic SO2 emissions: Validation of a new UV correlation spectrometer (FLYSPEC)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-08T15:29:40","indexId":"70031119","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Real-time measurement of volcanic SO2 emissions: Validation of a new UV correlation spectrometer (FLYSPEC)","docAbstract":"A miniaturized, lightweight and low-cost UV correlation spectrometer, the FLYSPEC, has been developed as an alternative for the COSPEC, which has long been the mainstay for monitoring volcanic sulfur dioxide fluxes. Field experiments have been conducted with the FLYSPEC at diverse volcanic systems, including Masaya (Nicaragua), Poás (Costa Rica), Stromboli, Etna and Vulcano (Italy), Villarica (Chile) and Kilauea (USA). We present here those validation measurements that were made simultaneously with COSPEC at Kilauea between March 2002 and February 2003. These experiments, with source emission rates that ranged from 95 to 1,560 t d−1, showed statistically identical results from both instruments. SO2 path-concentrations ranged from 0 to >1,000 ppm-m with average correlation coefficients greater than r2=0.946. The small size and low cost create the opportunity for FLYSPEC to be used in novel deployment modes that have the potential to revolutionize the manner in which volcanic and industrial monitoring is performed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International","doi":"10.1007/s00445-005-0014-9","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Horton, K.A., Williams-Jones, G., Garbeil, H., Elias, T., Sutton, A.J., Mouginis-Mark, P.J., Porter, J.T., and Clegg, S., 2006, Real-time measurement of volcanic SO2 emissions: Validation of a new UV correlation spectrometer (FLYSPEC): Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 68, no. 4, p. 323-327, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-005-0014-9.","startPage":"323","endPage":"327","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211705,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-005-0014-9"}],"volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a95a6e4b0c8380cd81b55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton, Keith A.","contributorId":174446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horton","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17202,"text":"University of Hawaii, Manoa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":430113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams-Jones, Glyn","contributorId":147765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams-Jones","given":"Glyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16928,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":430110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garbeil, Harold","contributorId":174447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garbeil","given":"Harold","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17202,"text":"University of Hawaii, Manoa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":430116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elias, Tamar 0000-0002-9592-4518 telias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":3916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"Tamar","email":"telias@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sutton, A. Jeff","contributorId":45605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mouginis-Mark, Peter J.","contributorId":120331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mouginis-Mark","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Porter, John T.","contributorId":32232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Clegg, Steven","contributorId":176916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clegg","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70030608,"text":"70030608 - 2006 - Evaluation of kinetic uncertainty in numerical models of petroleum generation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030608","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of kinetic uncertainty in numerical models of petroleum generation","docAbstract":"Oil-prone marine petroleum source rocks contain type I or type II kerogen having Rock-Eval pyrolysis hydrogen indices greater than 600 or 300-600 mg hydrocarbon/g total organic carbon (HI, mg HC/g TOC), respectively. Samples from 29 marine source rocks worldwide that contain mainly type II kerogen (HI = 230-786 mg HC/g TOC) were subjected to open-system programmed pyrolysis to determine the activation energy distributions for petroleum generation. Assuming a burial heating rate of 1??C/m.y. for each measured activation energy distribution, the calculated average temperature for 50% fractional conversion of the kerogen in the samples to petroleum is approximately 136 ?? 7??C, but the range spans about 30??C (???121-151??C). Fifty-two outcrop samples of thermally immature Jurassic Oxford Clay Formation were collected from five locations in the United Kingdom to determine the variations of kinetic response for one source rock unit. The samples contain mainly type I or type II kerogens (HI = 230-774 mg HC/g TOC). At a heating rate of 1??C/m.y., the calculated temperatures for 50% fractional conversion of the Oxford Clay kerogens to petroleum differ by as much as 23??C (127-150??C). The data indicate that kerogen type, as defined by hydrogen index, is not systematically linked to kinetic response, and that default kinetics for the thermal decomposition of type I or type II kerogen can introduce unacceptable errors into numerical simulations. Furthermore, custom kinetics based on one or a few samples may be inadequate to account for variations in organofacies within a source rock. We propose three methods to evaluate the uncertainty contributed by kerogen kinetics to numerical simulations: (1) use the average kinetic distribution for multiple samples of source rock and the standard deviation for each activation energy in that distribution; (2) use source rock kinetics determined at several locations to describe different parts of the study area; and (3) use a weighted-average method that combines kinetics for samples from different locations in the source rock unit by giving the activation energy distribution for each sample a weight proportional to its Rock-Eval pyrolysis S2 yield (hydrocarbons generated by pyrolytic degradation of organic matter). Copyright ?? 2006. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1306/10140505122","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"Peters, K.E., Walters, C., and Mankiewicz, P., 2006, Evaluation of kinetic uncertainty in numerical models of petroleum generation: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 90, no. 3, p. 387-403, https://doi.org/10.1306/10140505122.","startPage":"387","endPage":"403","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212051,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/10140505122"},{"id":239460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c8de4b0c8380cd52bc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, K. E.","contributorId":17295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, C.C.","contributorId":102613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mankiewicz, P.J.","contributorId":37956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankiewicz","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030607,"text":"70030607 - 2006 - Breeding biology and nest-site selection of red-tailed hawks in an altered desert grassland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030607","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding biology and nest-site selection of red-tailed hawks in an altered desert grassland","docAbstract":"Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) have expanded their range as trees have invaded formerly-open grasslands. Desert grasslands of southern Arizona have been invaded by mesquite trees (Prosopis velutina) since Anglo-American settlement and now support a large population of Red-tailed Hawks. We studied a population of Red-tailed Hawks in an altered desert grassland in southern Arizona. Our objectives were to determine what environmental characteristics influence Red-tailed Hawk habitat selection in mesquite-invaded desert grasslands and to evaluate the habitat quality of these grasslands for Red-tailed Hawks based on nesting density, nest success, and productivity. Red-tailed Hawks had 86% (95% C.I. = 73-99) nest success and 1.82 young per breeding pair (95% C.I. = 1.41-2.23). Nesting density was 0.15 (95% CI = 0.08-0.21) breeding pairs/km2 and the mean nearest-neighbor distance was 1.95 km (95% C.I. = 1.74-2.16). Red-tailed Hawks selected nest-sites with taller nest-trees and greater tree height and cover than were available at random. Mesquite trees in desert grasslands provide abundant potential nesting structures for Red-tailed Hawks. ?? 2006 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08921016","usgsCitation":"Hobbs, R., DeStefano, S., and Halvorson, W.L., 2006, Breeding biology and nest-site selection of red-tailed hawks in an altered desert grassland: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 40, no. 1, p. 38-45.","startPage":"38","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f25ce4b0c8380cd4b12f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hobbs, R.J.","contributorId":77491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobbs","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeStefano, S.","contributorId":84309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halvorson, W. L.","contributorId":26246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194221,"text":"70194221 - 2006 - Dawning of Herpetological Conservation and Biology: A special welcome to your new journal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:00:47","indexId":"70194221","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1894,"text":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","onlineIssn":"2151-0733","printIssn":"1931-7603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dawning of Herpetological Conservation and Biology: A special welcome to your new journal","docAbstract":"Inception of a new journal in herpetology is a rare event. The first discussion of developing a journal with an emphasis on natural history and conservation occurred among a subset of us (McCallum, others), while at the 2005 joint annual meeting of the SSAR/HL/ASIH in Tampa, Florida. Some of the initial questions we posed for a new herpetological journal were as follows: (1) is there a need; (2) audience; and (3) support? If any one of these did not exist, then the concept should be abandoned or modified. We critically examined these questions through discussions with many individuals and informal surveys performed on the Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation (PARC) listserver (parc@listserv.uga.edu) and other forums. Early on, it was obvious to us that there was strong demand for an outlet serving natural history, field ecology and conservation studies, especially descriptive investigations and management case studies that appeared to lack a home in other journals. The road traveled since those discussions has been fast paced, culminating in this 2006 launch of Herpetological Conservation and Biology (HCB).
","language":"English","publisher":"Herpetological Conservation & Biology","usgsCitation":"Bury, R.B., McCallum, M.L., Trauth, S.E., and Saumure, R.A., 2006, Dawning of Herpetological Conservation and Biology: A special welcome to your new journal: Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 1, no. 1, p. i-iii.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"iii","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349090,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349089,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/contents_vol1_issue1.html"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61142de4b06e28e9c25878","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bury, R. Bruce buryb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bury","given":"R.","email":"buryb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":722754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCallum, Malcolm L.","contributorId":75808,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCallum","given":"Malcolm","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trauth, Stanley E.","contributorId":93406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trauth","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saumure, Raymond A.","contributorId":71375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saumure","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031091,"text":"70031091 - 2006 - Mapping stream habitats with a global positioning system: Accuracy, precision, and comparison with traditional methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:18","indexId":"70031091","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping stream habitats with a global positioning system: Accuracy, precision, and comparison with traditional methods","docAbstract":"We tested the precision and accuracy of the Trimble GeoXT??? global positioning system (GPS) handheld receiver on point and area features and compared estimates of stream habitat dimensions (e.g., lengths and areas of riffles and pools) that were made in three different Oklahoma streams using the GPS receiver and a tape measure. The precision of differentially corrected GPS (DGPS) points was not affected by the number of GPS position fixes (i.e., geographic location estimates) averaged per DGPS point. Horizontal error of points ranged from 0.03 to 2.77 m and did not differ with the number of position fixes per point. The error of area measurements ranged from 0.1% to 110.1% but decreased as the area increased. Again, error was independent of the number of position fixes averaged per polygon corner. The estimates of habitat lengths, widths, and areas did not differ when measured using two methods of data collection (GPS and a tape measure), nor did the differences among methods change at three stream sites with contrasting morphologies. Measuring features with a GPS receiver was up to 3.3 times faster on average than using a tape measure, although signal interference from high streambanks or overhanging vegetation occasionally limited satellite signal availability and prolonged measurements with a GPS receiver. There were also no differences in precision of habitat dimensions when mapped using a continuous versus a position fix average GPS data collection method. Despite there being some disadvantages to using the GPS in stream habitat studies, measuring stream habitats with a GPS resulted in spatially referenced data that allowed the assessment of relative habitat position and changes in habitats over time, and was often faster than using a tape measure. For most spatial scales of interest, the precision and accuracy of DGPS data are adequate and have logistical advantages when compared to traditional methods of measurement. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00267-004-0270-z","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Dauwalter, D., Fisher, W., and Belt, K., 2006, Mapping stream habitats with a global positioning system: Accuracy, precision, and comparison with traditional methods: Environmental Management, v. 37, no. 2, p. 271-280, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0270-z.","startPage":"271","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211338,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0270-z"},{"id":238612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5076e4b0c8380cd6b6d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dauwalter, D.C.","contributorId":91687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dauwalter","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, W.L.","contributorId":87713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belt, K.C.","contributorId":7497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belt","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031089,"text":"70031089 - 2006 - Crustal contamination and crystal entrapment during polybaric magma evolution at Mt. Somma-Vesuvius volcano, Italy: Geochemical and Sr isotope evidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-22T20:50:15","indexId":"70031089","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2588,"text":"LITHOS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal contamination and crystal entrapment during polybaric magma evolution at Mt. Somma-Vesuvius volcano, Italy: Geochemical and Sr isotope evidence","docAbstract":"New major and trace element analyses and Sr-isotope determinations of rocks from Mt. Somma-Vesuvius volcano produced from 25 ky BP to 1944 AD are part of an extensive database documenting the geochemical evolution of this classic region. Volcanic rocks include silica undersaturated, potassic and ultrapotassic lavas and tephras characterized by variable mineralogy and different crystal abundance, as well as by wide ranges of trace element contents and a wide span of initial Sr-isotopic compositions. Both the degree of undersaturation in silica and the crystal content increase through time, being higher in rocks produced after the eruption at 472 AD (Pollena eruption). Compositional variations have been generally thought to reflect contributions from diverse types of mantle and crust. Magma mixing is commonly invoked as a fundamental process affecting the magmas, in addition to crystal fractionation. Our assessment of geochemical and Sr-isotopic data indicates that compositional variability also reflects the influence of crustal contamination during magma evolution during upward migration to shallow crustal levels and/or by entrapment of crystal mush generated during previous magma storage in the crust. Using a variant of the assimilation fractional crystallization model (Energy Conservation-Assimilation Fractional Crystallization; [Spera and Bohrson, 2001. Energy-constrained open-system magmatic processes I: General model and energy-constrained assimilation and fractional crystallization (EC-AFC) formulation. J. Petrol. 999-1018]; [Bohrson, W.A. and Spera, F.J., 2001. Energy-constrained open-system magmatic process II: application of energy-constrained assimilation-fractional crystallization (EC-AFC) model to magmatic systems. J. Petrol. 1019-1041]) we estimated the contributions from the crust and suggest that contamination by carbonate rocks that underlie the volcano (2 km down to 9-10 km) is a fundamental process controlling magma compositions at Mt. Somma-Vesuvius in the last 8 ky BP. Contamination in the mid- to upper crust occurred repeatedly, after the magma chamber waxed with influx of new mantle- and crustal-derived magmas and fluids, and waned as a result of magma withdrawal and production of large and energetic plinian and subplinian eruptions. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"LITHOS","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.lithos.2005.05.009","issn":"00244937","usgsCitation":"Piochi, M., Ayuso, R., de Vivo, B., and Somma, R., 2006, Crustal contamination and crystal entrapment during polybaric magma evolution at Mt. Somma-Vesuvius volcano, Italy: Geochemical and Sr isotope evidence: LITHOS, v. 86, no. 3-4, p. 303-329, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2005.05.009.","startPage":"303","endPage":"329","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211307,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2005.05.009"},{"id":238576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcd9e4b0c8380cd4e47b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piochi, M.","contributorId":55204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piochi","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayuso, R. A. 0000-0002-8496-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":27079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"de Vivo, B.","contributorId":50549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Vivo","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Somma, R.","contributorId":72977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Somma","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031088,"text":"70031088 - 2006 - Predictable hotspots and foraging habitat of the endangered short-tailed albatross (Phoebastria albatrus) in the North Pacific: Implications for conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T15:17:50","indexId":"70031088","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictable hotspots and foraging habitat of the endangered short-tailed albatross (Phoebastria albatrus) in the North Pacific: Implications for conservation","docAbstract":"The short-tailed albatross (Phoebastria albatrus) is a rare and endangered seabird that ranges widely over the northern North Pacific. Populations are slowly recovering but birds face several threats at sea, in particular the incidental capture of birds in long-line fisheries. Conservation efforts are hampered by a lack of information about the at-sea distribution of this species, especially knowledge of where it may predictably co-occur with long-line fishing effort. During 18 years of transiting the Aleutian Islands Unit of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge on a research vessel, we observed short-tailed albatross on 65 occasions. They were consistently observed near Ingenstrem Rocks (Buldir Pass) in the western Aleutians and near Seguam Pass in the central Aleutians. Based on the oceanographic characteristics of the locations where we saw most of the birds, we hypothesized that short-tailed albatross “hotspots” were located where tidal currents and steep bottom topography generate strong vertical mixing along the Aleutian Archipelago. As a test of this hypothesis, we analyzed a database containing 1432 opportunistic observations of 2463 short-tailed albatross at sea in the North Pacific. These data showed that short-tailed albatross were closely associated with shelf-edge habitats throughout the northern Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea. In addition to Ingenstrem Rocks and Seguam Pass, important hotspots for short-tailed albatross in the Aleutians included Near Strait, Samalga Pass, and the shelf-edge south of Umnak/Unalaska islands. In the Bering Sea, hotspots were located along margins of Zhemchug, St. Matthews and Pervenets canyons. Because these short-tailed albatross hotspots are predictable, they are also protectable by regulation of threatening activities at local spatial scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.01.008","issn":"09670645","usgsCitation":"Piatt, J.F., Wetzel, J., Bell, K., DeGange, A., Balogh, G., Drew, G., Geernaert, T., Ladd, C., and Byrd, G., 2006, Predictable hotspots and foraging habitat of the endangered short-tailed albatross (Phoebastria albatrus) in the North Pacific: Implications for conservation: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 53, no. 3-4, p. 387-398, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.01.008.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"398","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211278,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.01.008"}],"volume":"53","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a818ae4b0c8380cd7b5a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wetzel, J.","contributorId":64113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bell, K.","contributorId":45971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeGange, A.R.","contributorId":52105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGange","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Balogh, G.R.","contributorId":74349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balogh","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Drew, G.S.","contributorId":95415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Geernaert, T.","contributorId":104350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geernaert","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ladd, C.","contributorId":68607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ladd","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Byrd, G.V.","contributorId":39320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrd","given":"G.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70030926,"text":"70030926 - 2006 - Time-domain representation of frequency-dependent foundation impedance functions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70030926","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-domain representation of frequency-dependent foundation impedance functions","docAbstract":"Foundation impedance functions provide a simple means to account for soil-structure interaction (SSI) when studying seismic response of structures. Impedance functions represent the dynamic stiffness of the soil media surrounding the foundation. The fact that impedance functions are frequency dependent makes it difficult to incorporate SSI in standard time-history analysis software. This paper introduces a simple method to convert frequency-dependent impedance functions into time-domain filters. The method is based on the least-squares approximation of impedance functions by ratios of two complex polynomials. Such ratios are equivalent, in the time-domain, to discrete-time recursive filters, which are simple finite-difference equations giving the relationship between foundation forces and displacements. These filters can easily be incorporated into standard time-history analysis programs. Three examples are presented to show the applications of the method.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2005.08.004","issn":"02677261","usgsCitation":"Safak, E., 2006, Time-domain representation of frequency-dependent foundation impedance functions: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 26, no. 1, p. 65-70, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2005.08.004.","startPage":"65","endPage":"70","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211329,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2005.08.004"},{"id":238600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3c3e4b08c986b325fb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Safak, E.","contributorId":104070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safak","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70030712,"text":"70030712 - 2006 - Changes in stream chemistry and nutrient export following a partial harvest in the Catskill Mountains, New York, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70030712","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in stream chemistry and nutrient export following a partial harvest in the Catskill Mountains, New York, USA","docAbstract":"Clearcut forest harvesting typically results in large changes in stream water chemistry in northeastern North America. The effects of partial forest harvests on stream chemistry have not received as much attention, even though partial cutting is a more common forestry practice than clearcutting in this region. Changes in stream water chemistry following a partial cut are reported here from a 10 ha study catchment in a northern hardwood forest in the Catskill Mountains of southern New York, and are compared to those of a nearby 48 ha reference catchment. The lower two thirds of the treatment catchment was harvested in February-April 2002 by a shelterwood method, such that 33% of the basal area of the catchment was removed. Stream NO3-, NH4+, Ca2+, K+, and total dissolved aluminum (Alto) concentrations increased significantly after the harvest. Stream Ca2+, Mg2+ and NH4+ concentrations peaked 5 months after the initiation of the harvest, NO 3- and K+ concentrations peaked 6 months after cutting, and Alto concentrations peaked 1 year after cutting. Streamflow was not significantly affected by the harvest when compared to the flow of three nearby streams. Export of NO3- in stream water increased five-fold the year after the cut, and briefly exceeded atmospheric inputs of inorganic nitrogen during 4 months in the fall of 2002. Changes in stream NO3- and K+ concentrations were less than predicted by the relative basal area removed compared with those of a recent nearby clearcut. In contrast, changes in Ca2+, Mg 2+ and Alto concentrations were approximately proportional to basal area removal in these two cuts. Stream chemistry returned to values close to those of the pre-cut period and to reference values by early spring of 2003, just over a year after the initiation of the harvest, except for NO 3- concentrations, which remained elevated above background 18-20 months after completion of the cut.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.060","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Wang, X., Burns, D.A., Yanai, R., Briggs, R., and Germain, R., 2006, Changes in stream chemistry and nutrient export following a partial harvest in the Catskill Mountains, New York, USA: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 223, no. 1-3, p. 103-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.060.","startPage":"103","endPage":"112","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212056,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.060"},{"id":239466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"223","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f42be4b0c8380cd4bba3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, X.","contributorId":22076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":29450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yanai, R.D.","contributorId":14196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yanai","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Briggs, R.D.","contributorId":79704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Germain, R.H.","contributorId":41652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germain","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030924,"text":"70030924 - 2006 - Quaternary tectonic faulting in the Eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70030924","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quaternary tectonic faulting in the Eastern United States","docAbstract":"Paleoseismological study of geologic features thought to result from Quaternary tectonic faulting can characterize the frequencies and sizes of large prehistoric and historical earthquakes, thereby improving the accuracy and precision of seismic-hazard assessments. Greater accuracy and precision can reduce the likelihood of both underprotection and unnecessary design and construction costs. Published studies proposed Quaternary tectonic faulting at 31 faults, folds, seismic zones, and fields of earthquake-induced liquefaction phenomena in the Appalachian Mountains and Coastal Plain. Of the 31 features, seven are of known origin. Four of the seven have nontectonic origins and the other three features are liquefaction fields caused by moderate to large historical and Holocene earthquakes in coastal South Carolina, including Charleston; the Central Virginia Seismic Zone; and the Newbury, Massachusetts, area. However, the causal faults of the three liquefaction fields remain unclear. Charleston has the highest hazard because of large Holocene earthquakes in that area, but the hazard is highly uncertain because the earthquakes are uncertainly located. Of the 31 features, the remaining 24 are of uncertain origin. They require additional work before they can be clearly attributed either to Quaternary tectonic faulting or to nontectonic causes. Of these 24, 14 features, most of them faults, have little or no published geologic evidence of Quaternary tectonic faulting that could indicate the likely occurrence of earthquakes larger than those observed historically. Three more features of the 24 were suggested to have had Quaternary tectonic faulting, but paleoseismological and other studies of them found no evidence of large prehistoric earthquakes. The final seven features of uncertain origin require further examination because all seven are in or near urban areas. They are the Moodus Seismic Zone (Hartford, Connecticut), Dobbs Ferry fault zone and Mosholu fault (New York City), Lancaster Seismic Zone and the epicenter of the shallow Cacoosing Valley earthquake (Lancaster and Reading, Pennsylvania), Kingston fault (central New Jersey between New York and Philadelphia), and Everona fault-Mountain Run fault zone (Washington, D.C., and Arlington and Alexandria, Virginia). ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Engineering Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.10.005","issn":"00137952","usgsCitation":"Wheeler, R.L., 2006, Quaternary tectonic faulting in the Eastern United States: Engineering Geology, v. 82, no. 3, p. 165-186, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.10.005.","startPage":"165","endPage":"186","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211297,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.10.005"}],"volume":"82","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a92e5e4b0c8380cd80ae9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheeler, R. L.","contributorId":34916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70030753,"text":"70030753 - 2006 - Wild bird mortality and West Nile virus surveillance: Biases associated with detection, reporting, and carcass persistence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030753","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wild bird mortality and West Nile virus surveillance: Biases associated with detection, reporting, and carcass persistence","docAbstract":"Surveillance targeting dead wild birds, in particular American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos), plays a critical role in West Nile virus (WNV) surveillance in the United States. Using crow decoy surrogates, detection and reporting of crow carcasses within urban and rural environments of DeKalb County, Georgia were assessed for potential biases that might occur in the county's WNV surveillance program. In each of two replicated trials, during July and September 2003, 400 decoys were labeled with reporting instructions and distributed along randomly chosen routes throughout designated urban and rural areas within DeKalb County. Information-theoretic methods were used to compare alternative models incorporating the effects of area and trial on probabilities of detection and reporting. The model with the best empirical support included the effects of area on both detection and reporting of decoys. The proportion of decoys detected in the urban area (0.605, SE=0.024) was approximately twice that of the rural area (0.293, SE =0.023), and the proportion of decoys reported in the urban area (0.273, SE =0.023) was approximately three times that of the rural area (0.103, SE=0.028). These results suggest that human density and associated factors can substantially influence dead crow detection and reporting and, thus, the perceived distribution of WNV. In a second and separate study, the persistence and fate of American crow and house sparrow (Passer domesticus) carcasses were assessed in urban and rural environments in Athens-Clarke, Madison, and Oconee counties, Georgia. Two replicated trials using 96 carcasses of each species were conducted during July and September 2004. For a portion of the carcasses, motion sensitive cameras were used to monitor scavenging species visits. Most carcasses (82%) disappeared or were decayed by the end of the 6-day study. Carcass persistence averaged 1.6 days in rural areas and 2.1 days in urban areas. We analyzed carcass persistence rates using a known-fate model framework in program MARK. Model selection based on Akaike's Information Criteria (AIC) indicated that the best model explaining carcass persistence rates included species and number of days of exposure; however, the model including area and number of days of exposure received approximately equal support. Model-averaged carcass persistence rates were higher for urban areas and for crow carcasses. Six mammalian and one avian species were documented scavenging upon carcasses. Dead wild birds could represent potential sources of oral WNV exposure to these scavenging species. Species composition of the scavenger assemblage was similar in urban and rural areas but \"scavenging pressure\" was greater in rural areas. ?? Wildlife Disease Association 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Ward, M., Stallknecht, D., Willis, J., Conroy, M., and Davidson, W., 2006, Wild bird mortality and West Nile virus surveillance: Biases associated with detection, reporting, and carcass persistence: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 42, no. 1, p. 92-106.","startPage":"92","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd0c0e4b08c986b32f043","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, M.R.","contributorId":31974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stallknecht, D.E.","contributorId":6660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallknecht","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willis, J.","contributorId":47977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davidson, W.R.","contributorId":85122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}