{"pageNumber":"2460","pageRowStart":"61475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185113,"records":[{"id":70028802,"text":"70028802 - 2006 - Effects of human recreation on the incubation behavior of American Oystercatchers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028802","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of human recreation on the incubation behavior of American Oystercatchers","docAbstract":"Human recreational disturbance and its effects on wildlife demographics and behavior is an increasingly important area of research. We monitored the nesting success of American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) in coastal North Carolina in 2002 and 2003. We also used video monitoring at nests to measure the response of incubating birds to human recreation. We counted the number of trips per hour made by adult birds to and from the nest, and we calculated the percent time that adults spent incubating. We asked whether human recreational activities (truck, all-terrain vehicle [ATV], and pedestrian traffic) were correlated with parental behavioral patterns. Eleven a priori models of nest survival and behavioral covariates were evaluated using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to see whether incubation behavior influenced nest survival. Factors associated with birds leaving their nests (n = 548) included ATV traffic (25%), truck traffic (17%), pedestrian traffic (4%), aggression with neighboring oystercatchers or paired birds exchanging incubation duties (26%), airplane traffic (1%) and unknown factors (29%). ATV traffic was positively associated with the rate of trips to and away from the nest (??1 = 0.749, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with percent time spent incubating (??1 = -0.037, P = 0.025). Other forms of human recreation apparently had little effect on incubation behaviors. Nest survival models incorporating the frequency of trips by adults to and from the nest, and the percentage of time adults spent incubating, were somewhat supported in the AIC analyses. A low frequency of trips to and from the nest and, counter to expectations, low percent time spent incubating were associated with higher daily nest survival rates. These data suggest that changes in incubation behavior might be one mechanism by which human recreation affects the reproductive success of American Oystercatchers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1676/05-084.1","issn":"15594491","usgsCitation":"McGowan, C., and Simons, T., 2006, Effects of human recreation on the incubation behavior of American Oystercatchers: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 118, no. 4, p. 485-493, https://doi.org/10.1676/05-084.1.","startPage":"485","endPage":"493","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477411,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/240823","text":"External Repository"},{"id":210001,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1676/05-084.1"},{"id":236787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a071ae4b0c8380cd51566","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGowan, C.P.","contributorId":19760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGowan","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simons, T.R.","contributorId":56334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030898,"text":"70030898 - 2006 - SHRIMP study of zircons from Early Archean rocks in the Minnesota River Valley: Implications for the tectonic history of the Superior Province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030898","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"SHRIMP study of zircons from Early Archean rocks in the Minnesota River Valley: Implications for the tectonic history of the Superior Province","docAbstract":"Interest in Paleoarchean to early Mesoarchean crust in North America has been sparked by the recent identification of ca. 3800-3500 Ma rocks on the northern margin of the Superior craton in the Assean Lake region of northern Manitoba and the Porpoise Cove terrane in northern Quebec. It has long been known that similarly ancient gneisses are exposed on the southern margin of the Superior craton in the Minnesota River Valley and in northern Michigan, but the ages of these rocks have been poorly constrained, because methods applied in the 1960s through late 1970s were inadequate to unravel the complexities of their thermotectonic history. Rocks exposed in the Minnesota River Valley include a complex of migmatitic granitic gneisses, schistose to gneissic amphibolite, metagabbro, and paragneisses. The best-known units are the Morton Gneiss and the Montevideo Gneiss. The complex of ancient gneisses is intruded by a major younger, weakly deformed granite body, the Sacred Heart granite. Regional geophysical anomalies that extend across the Minnesota River Valley have been interpreted as defining boundaries between distinct blocks containing the various gneissic units. New sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb data from complex zircons yielded the following ages: Montevideo Gneiss near Montevideo, 3485 ?? 10 Ma, granodiorite intrusion, 3385 ?? 8 Ma; Montevideo Gneiss at Granite Falls, 3497 ?? 9 Ma, metamorphic event, 3300-3350 Ma, mafic intrusion, 3141 ?? 2 Ma, metamorphic overprint (rims), 2606 ?? 4 Ma; Morton Gneiss: 3524 ?? 9 Ma, granodiorite intrusion, 3370 ?? 8 Ma, metamorphic overprints (growth of rims), 3140 ?? 2 Ma and 2595 ?? 4 Ma; biotite-garnet paragneiss, 2619 ?? 20 Ma; and Sacred Heart granite, 2604 ?? 4 Ma. Zircons from a cordierite-bearing feldspar-biotite schist overlying the Morton Gneiss yielded well-defined age peaks at 3520, 3480, 3380, and 3140 Ma, showing detrital input from most of the older rock units; 2600 Ma rims on these zircons indicate metamorphism at this time. Zircons from a hypersthene-bearing biotite-garnet paragneiss, overlying the Montevideo Gneiss near Granite Falls, yielded ca. 2600 Ma ages, indicating zircon growth during high-grade metamorphism at this time. Despite some differences in the intensity of the 2600 Ma event between the Morton and Montevideo blocks, both blocks display similar thermochronologic relationships and ages, suggesting that their boundary is not a fundamental suture between two distinct Paleoarchean terranes. Previously obtained zircon age data from the tonalitic gneiss at Watersmeet Dome in northern Michigan indicated formation at ca. 3500 Ma, whereas a granite body near Thayer was dated at 2745 ?? 65 Ma and leucogranite dikes are ca. 2600 Ma. Thus, these rocks and those in the Minnesota River Valley were formed in the late Paleoarchean and show a history of igneous activity and metamorphism in the Mesoarchean and Neoarchean. The occurrence of ancient crustal rocks on both the northern and southern margins of the ca. 2900-2700 Superior craton suggests that they are remnants of once more-extensive Paleoarchean crust that existed prior to formation of the Neoarchean Superior craton. ?? 2006 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25741.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Bickford, M.E., Wooden, J.L., and Bauer, R.L., 2006, SHRIMP study of zircons from Early Archean rocks in the Minnesota River Valley: Implications for the tectonic history of the Superior Province: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 118, no. 1-2, p. 94-108, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25741.1.","startPage":"94","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211388,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25741.1"},{"id":238670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf4ae4b0c8380cd874d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bickford, M. E.","contributorId":6891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bickford","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bauer, R. L.","contributorId":78389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028856,"text":"70028856 - 2006 - Experiments on δ34S mixing between organic and inorganic sulfur species during thermal maturation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-20T12:05:48","indexId":"70028856","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experiments on δ34S mixing between organic and inorganic sulfur species during thermal maturation","docAbstract":"Reduced sulfur species were studied to constrain isotopic exchange-mixing with synthetic polysulfide cross-linked macromolecules (PCLM), model sulfur containing molecules and natural sulfur-rich kerogen, asphalt and oil of the Dead Sea area. PCLM represents protokerogens that are rich in sulfur and thermally unstable. Mixing rates of PCLM with ![\"View](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0016703706019600-si1.gif\" "\\"View")
HS-(aq) (added as (NH4)2S(aq)) at low to moderate temperatures (50–200 °C) are rapid. Elemental sulfur and H2S(gas) fully mix isotopes with PCLM during pyrolysis conditions at 200 °C. During these reactions significant structural changes of the PCLM occur to form polysulfide dimers, thiolanes and thiophenes. As pyrolysis temperatures or reaction times increase, the PCLM thermal products are transformed to more aromatic sulfur compounds. Isotopic mixing rates increase with increasing pyrolysis temperature and time. Polysulfide bonds (S–S) in the PCLM are responsible for most of these structural and isotopic changes because of their low stability. Conversely, sulfur isotope mixing does not occur between dibenzothiophene (aromatic S) or hexadecanthiol (C–SH) and ![\"View](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0016703706019600-si2.gif\" "\\"View")
HS-(aq) at 200 °C after 48 h. This shows that rates of sulfur isotope mixing are strongly dependent on the functionality of the sulfur in the organic matter. The order of isotopic mixing rates for organic matter is kerogen > asphalt > oil, which is inverse to their sulfur thermal stability. Asphalt and oil with more refractory sulfur show significantly lower isotopes mixing rates than the kerogen with more labile sulfur. Based on the findings of the present study we suggest that sulfur isotopes mixing can occur from early diagenesis into catagenesis and result in isotopic homogenization of the inorganic and organic reduced sulfur pools.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2006.07.030","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Amrani, A., Said-Ahamed, W., Lewan, M., and Aizenshtat, Z., 2006, Experiments on δ34S mixing between organic and inorganic sulfur species during thermal maturation: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 70, no. 20, p. 5146-5161, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.07.030.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"5146","endPage":"5161","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209774,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.07.030"}],"volume":"70","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0dfde4b0c8380cd53265","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amrani, Alon","contributorId":49258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amrani","given":"Alon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Said-Ahamed, Ward","contributorId":25740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Said-Ahamed","given":"Ward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewan, Michael D. mlewan@usgs.gov","contributorId":940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"Michael D.","email":"mlewan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":420039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aizenshtat, Zeev","contributorId":21747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aizenshtat","given":"Zeev","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70010375,"text":"70010375 - 2006 - Paleoseismic observations of an onshore transform boundary: The Magallanes-Fagnano fault, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:26","indexId":"70010375","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3293,"text":"Revista de la Asociacion Geologica Argentina","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoseismic observations of an onshore transform boundary: The Magallanes-Fagnano fault, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina","docAbstract":"We present preliminary information on the geomorphologic features and paleoseismic record associated with the ruptures of two Ms 7.8 earthquakes that struck Tierra del Fuego and the southernmost continental margin of South America on December 17, 1949. The fault scarp was surveyed in several places cast of Lago Fagnano and a trench across a secondary fault trace of the Magallanes-Fagnano fault was excavated at the Ri??o San Pablo. The observed deformation in a 9 kyr-old peat bog sequence suggests evidence for two, and possibly three pre-1949 paleoearthquakes is preserved in the stratigraphy. The scarp reaches heights up to 11 m in late Pleistocene-Holocence(?) deposits, but the vertical component of the 1949 events was always less than ???1 m. This observation also argues for the occurrence of previous events during the Quaternary. Along die part of the fault we investigated east of Lago Fagnano, the horizontal component of the 1949 rupture does not exceed 4 m and is likely lower than 0.4 m, which is consistent with the kinematics of a local releasing bend, or at the end of a strike-slip rupture zone. ?? 2006 Revista de la Asociacio??n Geolo??gica Argentina.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Revista de la Asociacion Geologica Argentina","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00044822","usgsCitation":"Costa, C., Smalley, R., Schwartz, D.P., Stenner, H.D., Ellis, M., Ahumada, E., and Velasco, M., 2006, Paleoseismic observations of an onshore transform boundary: The Magallanes-Fagnano fault, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina: Revista de la Asociacion Geologica Argentina, v. 61, no. 4, p. 647-657.","startPage":"647","endPage":"657","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7446e4b0c8380cd77558","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Costa, C.H.","contributorId":16972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smalley, R. Jr.","contributorId":74503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalley","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":52968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stenner, Heidi D.","contributorId":35868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stenner","given":"Heidi","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ellis, M.","contributorId":75672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ahumada, E.A.","contributorId":19702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahumada","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Velasco, M.S.","contributorId":77292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velasco","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70030366,"text":"70030366 - 2006 - Both msa genes in Renibacterium salmoninarum are needed for full virulence in bacterial kidney disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T16:13:25","indexId":"70030366","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Both msa genes in Renibacterium salmoninarum are needed for full virulence in bacterial kidney disease","docAbstract":"Renibacterium salmoninarum, a gram-positive diplococcobacillus that causes bacterial kidney disease among salmon and trout, has two chromosomal loci encoding the major soluble antigen (msa) gene. Because the MSA protein is widely suspected to be an important virulence factor, we used insertion-duplication mutagenesis to generate disruptions of either the msa1 or msa2 gene. Surprisingly, expression of MSA protein in broth cultures appeared unaffected. However, the virulence of either mutant in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) by intraperitoneal challenge was severely attenuated, suggesting that disruption of the msa1 or msa2 gene affected in vivo expression. Copyright ?? 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.72.4.2672-2678.2006","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Coady, A., Murray, A., Elliott, D., and Rhodes, L., 2006, Both msa genes in Renibacterium salmoninarum are needed for full virulence in bacterial kidney disease: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 72, no. 4, p. 2672-2678, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.72.4.2672-2678.2006.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2672","endPage":"2678","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477592,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.4.2672-2678.2006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212122,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.72.4.2672-2678.2006"}],"volume":"72","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f225e4b0c8380cd4b02b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coady, A.M.","contributorId":60856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coady","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, A.L.","contributorId":70151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elliott, D.G.","contributorId":58226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rhodes, L.D.","contributorId":35948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhodes","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028590,"text":"70028590 - 2006 - Tidal saltmarsh fragmentation and persistence of San Pablo Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia samuelis): Assessing benefits of wetland restoration in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T16:38:15","indexId":"70028590","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tidal saltmarsh fragmentation and persistence of San Pablo Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia samuelis): Assessing benefits of wetland restoration in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"The San Pablo Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia samuelis) is one of three morphologically distinct Song Sparrow subspecies in tidal marshes of the San Francisco Bay estuary. These subspecies are rare, because as the human population has grown, diking and development have resulted in loss of 79% of the historic tidal marshes. Hundreds of projects have been proposed in the past decade to restore tidal marshes and benefit endemic populations. To evaluate the value of these restoration projects for Song Sparrows, we developed a population viability analysis (PVA) model to examine persistence of samuelis subspecies in relation to parcel size, connectivity, and catastrophe in San Pablo Bay. A total of 101 wetland parcels were identified from coverages of modern and historic tidal marshes. Parcels were grouped into eight fragments in the historical landscape and 10 in the present landscape. Fragments were defined as a group of parcels separated by >1 km, a distance that precluded regular interchange. Simulations indicated that the historic (circa 1850) samuelis population was three times larger than the modern population. However, only very high levels (>70% mortality) of catastrophe would threaten their persistence. Persistence of populations was sensitive to parcel size at a carrying capacity of <10 pairs, but connectivity of parcels was found to have little importance because habitats were dominated by a few large parcels. Our analysis indicates little risk of extinction of the samuelis subspecies with the current extent of tidal marshes, but the vulnerability of the small-est parcels suggests that restoration should create larger continuous tracts. Thus, PVA models may be useful tools for balancing the costs and benefits of restoring habitats for threatened tidal-marsh populations in wetland restoration planning.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies in Avian Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01979922","isbn":"0943610702; 9780943610702","usgsCitation":"Takekawa, J.Y., Sacks, B., Woo, I., Johnson, M., and Wylie, G., 2006, Tidal saltmarsh fragmentation and persistence of San Pablo Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia samuelis): Assessing benefits of wetland restoration in San Francisco Bay: Studies in Avian Biology, no. 32, p. 238-246.","startPage":"238","endPage":"246","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb37ae4b08c986b325ded","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Greenberg R.Maldonado J.E.Droege S.McDonald M.V.","contributorId":128314,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Greenberg R.Maldonado J.E.Droege S.McDonald M.V.","id":536637,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":418747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sacks, B.N.","contributorId":64431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sacks","given":"B.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woo, I.","contributorId":45861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woo","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, M.L.","contributorId":39525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wylie, G.D.","contributorId":68238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030437,"text":"70030437 - 2006 - State summaries: Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:12","indexId":"70030437","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"State summaries: Oklahoma","docAbstract":"In 2005, Oklahoma mines produced both industrial minerals and coal. No metals were mined in the state. Based on value, leading industrial minerals include crushed stone followed by cement, construction sand and gravel, industrial sand and gravel, iodine and gypsum. The Oklahoma Department of Mines (ODOM) reported that more than 343 mine operators produced nonfuel minerals from 405 mines in the state. However, 530 mining permitted sites were on file. The Oklahoma Miner Training Institute (OMTI) held 239 classes for 33,768 classroom hours of instruction, in which 84 coal miners and 4,587 metal/nonmetal miners were trained.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00265187","usgsCitation":"Krukowski, S., 2006, State summaries: Oklahoma: Mining Engineering, v. 58, no. 5.","startPage":"112","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b96d8e4b08c986b31b749","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krukowski, S.T.","contributorId":47980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krukowski","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70030334,"text":"70030334 - 2006 - Comparative performance of fixed-film biological filters: Application of reactor theory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70030334","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":852,"text":"Aquacultural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative performance of fixed-film biological filters: Application of reactor theory","docAbstract":"Nitrification is classified as a two-step consecutive reaction where R1 represents the rate of formation of the intermediate product NO2-N and R2 represents the rate of formation of the final product NO3-N. The relative rates of R1 and R2 are influenced by reactor type characterized hydraulically as plug-flow, plug-flow with dispersion and mixed-flow. We develop substrate conversion models for fixed-film biofilters operating in the first-order kinetic regime based on application of chemical reactor theory. Reactor type, inlet conditions and the biofilm kinetic constants Ki (h-1) are used to predict changes in NH4-N, NO2-N, NO3-N and BOD5. The inhibiting effects of the latter on R1 and R2 were established based on the ?? relation, e.g.:{A formula is presented}where BOD5,max is the concentration that causes nitrification to cease and N is a variable relating Ki to increasing BOD5. Conversion models were incorporated in spreadsheet programs that provided steady-state concentrations of nitrogen and BOD5 at several points in a recirculating aquaculture system operating with input values for fish feed rate, reactor volume, microscreen performance, make-up and recirculating flow rates. When rate constants are standardized, spreadsheet use demonstrates plug-flow reactors provide higher rates of R1 and R2 than mixed-flow reactors thereby reducing volume requirements for target concentrations of NH4-N and NO2-N. The benefit provided by the plug-flow reactor varies with hydraulic residence time t as well as the effective vessel dispersion number, D/??L. Both reactor types are capable of providing net increases in NO2-N during treatment but the rate of decrease in the mixed-flow case falls well behind that predicted for plug-flow operation. We show the potential for a positive net change in NO2-N increases with decreases in the dimensionless ratios K2, (R2 )/K1,( R1 ) and [NO2-N]/[NH4-N] and when the product K1, (R1) t provides low to moderate NH4-N conversions. Maintaining high levels of the latter reduces the effective reactor utilization rate (%) defined here as (RNavg/RNmax)100 where RNavg is the mean reactive nitrogen concentration ([NH4-N] + [NO2-N]) within the reactor, and RNmax represents the feed concentration of the same. Low utilization rates provide a hedge against unexpected increases in substrate loading and reduce water pumping requirements but force use of elevated reactor volumes. Further ?? effects on R1 and R2 can be reduced through use of a tanks-in-series versus a single mixed-flow reactor configuration and by improving the solids removal efficiency of microscreen treatment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquacultural Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2005.03.006","issn":"01448609","usgsCitation":"Watten, B., and Sibrell, P., 2006, Comparative performance of fixed-film biological filters: Application of reactor theory: Aquacultural Engineering, v. 34, no. 3, p. 198-213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2005.03.006.","startPage":"198","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212145,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2005.03.006"},{"id":239582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f821e4b0c8380cd4cecd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watten, B.J. 0000-0002-2227-8623","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":11537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":426733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sibrell, P.L.","contributorId":13343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibrell","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030799,"text":"70030799 - 2006 - Negative correlation between porosity and hydraulic conductivity in sand-and-gravel aquifers at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T09:09:32","indexId":"70030799","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Negative correlation between porosity and hydraulic conductivity in sand-and-gravel aquifers at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA","docAbstract":"
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.04.013","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.H., 2006, Negative correlation between porosity and hydraulic conductivity in sand-and-gravel aquifers at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 316, no. 1-4, p. 43-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.04.013.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"52","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211438,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.04.013"}],"volume":"316","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6438e4b0c8380cd7293a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, R. H.","contributorId":31794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70030509,"text":"70030509 - 2006 - Reproductive and early life stages pathology - Histopathology workshop report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-13T16:58:20","indexId":"70030509","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1123,"text":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive and early life stages pathology - Histopathology workshop report","docAbstract":"Pathology occurring during reproduction and larval development represents an important part of the life cycle of fish, and the diseases that affect eggs and larvae often result in significant losses. However, mortality during this period is frequently ignored or poorly researched as the temptation is to replace the losses rather than investigate the causes. A histopathology workshop organised at the newly refurnished laboratory within the Danish Veterinary School was an opportunity to discuss the pathology of selected diseases associated with Reproductive and Early Life Stages Pathology. Several people also kindly provided reference slides.
","language":"English","issn":"01080288","usgsCitation":"Bruno, D., Nowak, B., and Elliott, D.G., 2006, Reproductive and early life stages pathology - Histopathology workshop report: Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, v. 26, no. 1, p. 55-56.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":319855,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://eafp.org/bulletin-archive/"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa8b5e4b0c8380cd85a32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bruno, D.W.","contributorId":44319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruno","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nowak, B.","contributorId":84948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elliott, Diane G. 0000-0002-4809-6692 dgelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-6692","contributorId":2947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Diane","email":"dgelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028532,"text":"70028532 - 2006 - Fast simulated annealing inversion of surface waves on pavement using phase-velocity spectra","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028532","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fast simulated annealing inversion of surface waves on pavement using phase-velocity spectra","docAbstract":"The conventional inversion of surface waves depends on modal identification of measured dispersion curves, which can be ambiguous. It is possible to avoid mode-number identification and extraction by inverting the complete phase-velocity spectrum obtained from a multichannel record. We use the fast simulated annealing (FSA) global search algorithm to minimize the difference between the measured phase-velocity spectrum and that calculated from a theoretical layer model, including the field setup geometry. Results show that this algorithm can help one avoid getting trapped in local minima while searching for the best-matching layer model. The entire procedure is demonstrated on synthetic and field data for asphalt pavement. The viscoelastic properties of the top asphalt layer are taken into account, and the inverted asphalt stiffness as a function of frequency compares well with laboratory tests on core samples. The thickness and shear-wave velocity of the deeper embedded layers are resolved within 10% deviation from those values measured separately during pavement construction. The proposed method may be equally applicable to normal soil site investigation and in the field of ultrasonic testing of materials. ?? 2006 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2204964","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Ryden, N., and Park, C., 2006, Fast simulated annealing inversion of surface waves on pavement using phase-velocity spectra: Geophysics, v. 71, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2204964.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209730,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2204964"},{"id":236426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0efde4b0c8380cd536ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryden, N.","contributorId":23318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryden","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Park, C.B.","contributorId":21714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028556,"text":"70028556 - 2006 - Multiple edifice-collapse events in the Eastern Mexican Volcanic Belt: The role of sloping substrate and implications for hazard assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70028556","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple edifice-collapse events in the Eastern Mexican Volcanic Belt: The role of sloping substrate and implications for hazard assessment","docAbstract":"The Citlalte??petl-Cofre de Perote volcanic chain forms an important physiographic barrier that separates the Central Altiplano (2500??masl) from the Gulf Coastal Plain (GCP) (1300??masl). The abrupt eastward drop in relief between these provinces gives rise to unstable conditions and consequent gravitational collapse of large volcanic edifices built at the edge of the Altiplano. Eastward sloping substrate, caused by the irregular configuration of the basement rocks, is the dominant factor that controls the direction of collapsing sectors in all major volcanoes in the region to be preferentially towards the GCP. These collapses produced voluminous debris avalanches and lahars that inundated the well-developed drainages and clastic aprons that characterize the Coastal Plain. Large catastrophic collapses from Citlalte??petl, Las Cumbres, and Cofre de Perote volcanoes are well documented in the geologic record. Some of the avalanches and transformed flows have exceptionally long runouts and reach the Gulf of Mexico traveling more than 120??km from their source. So far, no direct evidence has been found for magmatic activity associated with the initiation of these catastrophic flank-collapses. Apparently, instability of the volcanic edifices has been strongly favored by very intense hydrothermal alteration, abrupt topographic change, and intense fracturing. In addition to the eastward slope of the substrate, the reactivation of pre-volcanic basement structures during the Late Tertiary, and the E-W to ENE-SSW oriented regional stress regimes may have played an important role in the preferential movement direction of the avalanches and flows. In addition to magmatic-hydrothermal processes, high amounts of rainfall in the area is another factor that enhances alteration and eventually weakens the rocks. It is very likely that seismic activity may be the principal triggering mechanism that caused the flank collapse of large volcanic edifices in the Eastern Mexican Volcanic Belt. However, critical pore water pressure from extraordinary amounts of rainfall associated with hurricanes or other meteorological perturbation cannot be ruled out, particularly for smaller volume collapses. There are examples in the area of small seismogenic debris flows that have occurred in historical times, showing that these processes are not uncommon. Assessing the stability conditions of major volcanic edifices that have experienced catastrophic sector collapses is crucial for forecasting future events. This is particularly true for the Eastern Mexican Volcanic Belt, where in many cases no magmatic activity was associated with the collapse. Therefore, edifice failure could occur again without any precursory warning. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.04.025","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Carrasco-Nunez, G., Diaz-Castellon, R., Siebert, L., Hubbard, B., Sheridan, M., and Rodriguez, S.R., 2006, Multiple edifice-collapse events in the Eastern Mexican Volcanic Belt: The role of sloping substrate and implications for hazard assessment: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 158, no. 1-2, p. 151-176, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.04.025.","startPage":"151","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209656,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.04.025"},{"id":236324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"158","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6065e4b0c8380cd71417","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carrasco-Nunez, Gerardo","contributorId":44714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrasco-Nunez","given":"Gerardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diaz-Castellon, Rodolfo","contributorId":37936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diaz-Castellon","given":"Rodolfo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Siebert, Lee","contributorId":20475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siebert","given":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":12865,"text":"Smithsonian Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":418584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hubbard, B.","contributorId":7056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sheridan, M.F.","contributorId":37926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheridan","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rodriguez, Sergio R.","contributorId":35529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Sergio","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030439,"text":"70030439 - 2006 - Great earthquakes of variable magnitude at the Cascadia subduction zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T16:21:00","indexId":"70030439","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Great earthquakes of variable magnitude at the Cascadia subduction zone","docAbstract":"Comparison of histories of great earthquakes and accompanying tsunamis at eight coastal sites suggests plate-boundary ruptures of varying length, implying great earthquakes of variable magnitude at the Cascadia subduction zone. Inference of rupture length relies on degree of overlap on radiocarbon age ranges for earthquakes and tsunamis, and relative amounts of coseismic subsidence and heights of tsunamis. Written records of a tsunami in Japan provide the most conclusive evidence for rupture of much of the plate boundary during the earthquake of 26 January 1700. Cascadia stratigraphic evidence dating from about 1600??cal yr B.P., similar to that for the 1700 earthquake, implies a similarly long rupture with substantial subsidence and a high tsunami. Correlations are consistent with other long ruptures about 1350??cal yr B.P., 2500??cal yr B.P., 3400??cal yr B.P., 3800??cal yr B.P., 4400??cal yr B.P., and 4900??cal yr B.P. A rupture about 700-1100??cal yr B.P. was limited to the northern and central parts of the subduction zone, and a northern rupture about 2900??cal yr B.P. may have been similarly limited. Times of probable short ruptures in southern Cascadia include about 1100??cal yr B.P., 1700??cal yr B.P., 3200??cal yr B.P., 4200??cal yr B.P., 4600??cal yr B.P., and 4700??cal yr B.P. Rupture patterns suggest that the plate boundary in northern Cascadia usually breaks in long ruptures during the greatest earthquakes. Ruptures in southernmost Cascadia vary in length and recurrence intervals more than ruptures in northern Cascadia.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2006.02.009","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Nelson, A., Kelsey, H., and Witter, R., 2006, Great earthquakes of variable magnitude at the Cascadia subduction zone: Quaternary Research, v. 65, no. 3, p. 354-365, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2006.02.009.","startPage":"354","endPage":"365","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212152,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2006.02.009"}],"volume":"65","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a60e4b0c8380cd5b112","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, A.R. 0000-0001-7117-7098","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":55078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelsey, H.M.","contributorId":84300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelsey","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Witter, Robert C. 0000-0002-1721-254X rwitter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-254X","contributorId":4528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witter","given":"Robert C.","email":"rwitter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031193,"text":"70031193 - 2006 - Foraging destinations and marine habitat use of short-tailed albatrosses: A multi-scale approach using first-passage time analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031193","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraging destinations and marine habitat use of short-tailed albatrosses: A multi-scale approach using first-passage time analysis","docAbstract":"We used satellite telemetry, remotely sensed data (bathymetry, chlorophyll a (chl a), sea-surface temperature (SST), wind speed) and first-passage time (FPT) analysis to determine the distribution, movement patterns, and habitat associations of short-tailed albatrosses (Phoebastria albatrus) during the non-breeding season, 2002 and 2003. Satellite transmitters were deployed on birds immediately prior to their departure from a breeding colony at Torishima, Japan (n = 11), or at-sea in the Aleutian Islands (n = 3). Tracking durations ranged from 51 to 138 days for a total of 6709 locations after filtering (131 - 808 per bird). FPT (time required to transit a circle of given radius) revealed the location and spatial scale of area-restricted search (ARS) patterns along flight paths. On average, ARS occurred within 70 km radii. Consequently, the fit of the habitat use models increased at spatial scales beyond a 40 km FPT radius (R2 = 0.31) and stabilized for scales of 70 km and larger (R2=0.40- 0.51). At all scales, wind speed, depth or depth gradient, and chl a or chl a gradient had a significant effect on FPT (i.e., residence time). FPT increased within regions of higher gradients of depth and chl a. In contrast, FPT decreased within regions of greater depth and wind speed, with a significant interaction of wind speed and depth at some scales. Sea-surface temperature or its interactions were only significant at large spatial scales (???160 km FPT radius). Albatrosses engaged in ARS activities primarily over the shelf break and slope, including Kuroshio and Oyashio regions off the western subarctic gyre. Occasionally, birds transited the northern boundary of the Kuroshio Extension while in-route to the Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea, but overall spent little time in the western gyre. In the Aleutian Islands, ARS occurred within straits, particularly along the central and western part of the archipelago. In the Bering Sea, ARS occurred along the northern continental shelf break, the Kamchatka Current region, and east of the Commander Islands. Non-breeding short-tailed albatross concentrate foraging in oceanic areas characterized by gradients in topography and water column productivity. This study provides an understanding of the foraging ecology for a highly migratory, imperiled seabird, and confirms the importance of shelf break and slope regions as hot spots for a variety of top marine predators in the North Pacific.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.01.012","issn":"09670645","usgsCitation":"Suryan, R., Sato, F., Balogh, G., David, H., Sievert, P., and Ozaki, K., 2006, Foraging destinations and marine habitat use of short-tailed albatrosses: A multi-scale approach using first-passage time analysis: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 53, no. 3-4, p. 370-386, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.01.012.","startPage":"370","endPage":"386","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211550,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.01.012"},{"id":238852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12f7e4b0c8380cd54482","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suryan, R.M.","contributorId":52919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suryan","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sato, F.","contributorId":34718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sato","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balogh, G.R.","contributorId":74349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balogh","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"David, Hyrenbach K.","contributorId":38358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"David","given":"Hyrenbach K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sievert, P.R.","contributorId":104858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sievert","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ozaki, K.","contributorId":103470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozaki","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70031062,"text":"70031062 - 2006 - An annotated list of aquatic insects of Fort Sill, Oklahoma, excluding diptera with notes on several new state records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70031062","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2556,"text":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An annotated list of aquatic insects of Fort Sill, Oklahoma, excluding diptera with notes on several new state records","docAbstract":"Qualitative collections of aquatic insects were made at Fort Sill, Lawton, Oklahoma, between 2002 and 2004. Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Odonata, Coleoptera, aquatic Heteroptera, Neuroptera, and Megaloptera were targeted. Additional records are included from a survey that took place in 1999. More than 11,000 specimens from more than 290 collections were examined. Based on the current understanding of aquatic insect systematics, 276 taxa distributed over 8 orders, 46 families, and 141 genera were identified. Twenty-three of the 276 taxa, Plauditus texanus Wiersema, Tricorythodes allectus (Needham), Palmacorixa nana walleyi Hungerford, Climacia chapini Partin and Gurney, Oxyethira forcipata Mosely, Oxyethira janella Denning, Triaenodes helo Milne, Ylodes frontalis (Banks), Acilius fraternus Harris, Coptotomus loticus Hilsenhoff, Coptotomus venustus (Say), Desmopachria dispersa Crotch, Graphoderus liberus (Say), Hydrovatus pustulatus (Melsheimer), Hygrotus acaroides (LeConte), Liodessus flavicollis (LeConte), Uvarus texanus (Sharp), Gyrinus woodruffi Fall, Haliplus fasciatus Aube, Haliplus lewisii Crotch, Haliplus tortilipenis Brigham & Sanderson, Chaetarthria bicolor Sharp, Epimetopus costatus complex, and Hydrochus simplex LeConte are reported from Oklahoma for the first time. The three most diverse orders included Coleoptera (86 species), Odonata (67 species) and Trichoptera (59 species), and the remaining taxa were distributed among Heteroptera, (30 species), Ephemeroptera (21 species), Plecoptera (6 species), Megaloptera (4 species), and Neuroptera (3 species). Based on previous published records, many of the species collected during this study were expected to be found at Fort Sill; however, 276 taxa of aquatic insects identified from such a small geographic area is noteworthy, especially when considering local climatic conditions and the relatively small size of Fort Sill (38,300 ha). Despite agricultural practices in Oklahoma, the dust bowl days, and the development of water-based recreation at Fort Sill, a high percentage of the total known aquatic insect fauna of Oklahoma can be found in a small geographic area. ?? 2006 Kansas Entomological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2317/505.03.1","issn":"00228567","usgsCitation":"Zuellig, R., Kondratieff, B., Schmidt, J., Durfee, R., Ruiter, D., and Prather, I., 2006, An annotated list of aquatic insects of Fort Sill, Oklahoma, excluding diptera with notes on several new state records: Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, v. 79, no. 1, p. 34-54, https://doi.org/10.2317/505.03.1.","startPage":"34","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211396,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2317/505.03.1"},{"id":238679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9fee4b0c8380cd48592","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zuellig, R.E.","contributorId":37045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuellig","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kondratieff, B.C.","contributorId":103230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kondratieff","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, J.P.","contributorId":47161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Durfee, R.S.","contributorId":76130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durfee","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ruiter, D.E.","contributorId":55200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruiter","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Prather, I.E.","contributorId":33915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prather","given":"I.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70031006,"text":"70031006 - 2006 - Effects of elevated CO2 on fine root dynamics in a Mojave Desert community: A FACE study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70031006","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of elevated CO2 on fine root dynamics in a Mojave Desert community: A FACE study","docAbstract":"Fine roots (??? 1mm diameter) are critical in plant water and nutrient absorption, and it is important to understand how rising atmospheric CO2 will affect them as part of terrestrial ecosystem responses to global change. This study's objective was to determine effects of elevated CO2 on production, mortality, and standing crops of fine root length over 2 years in a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) facility in the Mojave Desert of southern Nevada, USA. Three replicate 25m diameter FACE rings were maintained at ambient (??? 370 ??mol mol-1) and elevated CO2 (??? 550 ??mol mol-1) atmospheric concentrations. Twenty-eight minirhizotron tubes were placed in each ring to sample three microsite locations: evergreen Larrea shrubs, drought-deciduous Ambrosia shrubs, and along systematic community transects (primarily in shrub interspaces which account for ??? 85% of the area). Seasonal dynamics were similar for ambient and elevated CO2: fine root production peaked in April-June, with peak standing crop occurring about 1 month later, and peak mortality occurring during the hot summer months, with higher values for all three measures in a wet year compared with a dry year. Fine root standing crop, production, and mortality were not significantly different between treatments except standing crop along community transects, where fine root length was significantly lower in elevated CO2. Fine root turnover (annual cumulative mortality/mean standing crop) ranged from 2.33 to 3.17 year-1, and was not significantly different among CO2 treatments, except for community transect tubes where it was significantly lower for elevated CO2. There were no differences in fine root responses to CO2 between evergreen (Larrea) and drought-deciduous (Ambrosia) shrubs. Combined with observations of increased leaf-level water-use efficiency and lack of soil moisture differences, these results suggest that under elevated CO2 conditions, reduced root systems (compared with ambient CO2) appear sufficient to provide resources for modest aboveground production increases across the community, but in more fertile shrub microsites, fine root systems of comparable size with those in ambient CO2 were required to support the greater aboveground production increases. For community transects, development of the difference in fine root standing crops occurred primarily through lower stimulation of fine root production in the elevated CO2 treatment during periods of high water availability. ?? 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01085.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Phillips, D., Johnson, M.G., Tingey, D., Catricala, C., Hoyman, T., and Nowak, R., 2006, Effects of elevated CO2 on fine root dynamics in a Mojave Desert community: A FACE study: Global Change Biology, v. 12, no. 1, p. 61-73, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01085.x.","startPage":"61","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211479,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01085.x"},{"id":238774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06dbe4b0c8380cd51452","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, D.L.","contributorId":10178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, M. G.","contributorId":22831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tingey, D.T.","contributorId":24991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tingey","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Catricala, C.E.","contributorId":78148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catricala","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoyman, T.L.","contributorId":107094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoyman","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nowak, R.S.","contributorId":104857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030267,"text":"70030267 - 2006 - Traversing a boreal forest landscape: Summer movements of Tule Greater White-fronted Geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T21:35:01","indexId":"70030267","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Traversing a boreal forest landscape: Summer movements of Tule Greater White-fronted Geese","docAbstract":"We monitored the movement, distribution and site affinities of radio-marked Tule Greater White-fronted Geese (Anser albifrons elgasi) during spring and summer in Alaska, 1994-1997 and 2004. Our assessment of summer movements was comprehensive, as locations were obtained during prenesting, nesting, and molt for over 90% of geese with active radios captured during winter or the previous summer in Alaska. Geese arrived to coastal and interior marshes in the Cook Inlet Basin (CIB) from mid April to early May, after which they moved to nesting areas in the upper CIB. Nesting birds used coastal staging areas in close proximity to eventual nest site location. Molting sites included a sub-glacial lake system in the upper CIB, although up to 50% of geese underwent a molt migration to wetlands across the Alaska Range, 400-600 km west of the CIB. Geese that molted at distant sites returned to the CIB before autumn migration. Length of stay in the CIB varied among years from 108-119 days, and averaged 116 days. Summer home-range sizes, exclusive of molting areas, averaged >273,000 ha, and were substantially larger than reported for other northern-nesting waterfowl. No radio-marked geese were found nesting in the vicinity of Redoubt Bay on the west side of Cook Inlet, and few nested near the Susitna Flats, the only other previously known nesting areas. The absence of nesting geese from Redoubt Bay corroborates aerial survey data showing a precipitous decline in the use of the west side of Cook Inlet between the early 1980s and early 1990s. The change in distribution of geese is likely related to a major eruption of Redoubt Volcano in 1989 that significantly altered landscapes used by nesting, brood rearing, and molting geese in the vicinity of Redoubt Bay. High inter-site movements of Greater White-fronted Geese throughout summer in south central Alaska likely increases exposure to predation, but also promotes social interactions and facilitates pioneering of distant, and diverse habitats in a vast, patchy, and often unpredictable landscape.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[43:TABFLS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"Ely, C.R., Bollinger, K., Hupp, J.W., Derksen, D., Terenzi, J., Takekawa, J.Y., Orthmeyer, D., Rothe, T., Petrula, M., and Yparraguirre, D., 2006, Traversing a boreal forest landscape: Summer movements of Tule Greater White-fronted Geese: Waterbirds, v. 29, no. 1, p. 43-55, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[43:TABFLS]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"43","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212143,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[43:TABFLS]2.0.CO;2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb78ce4b08c986b327335","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":426393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bollinger, K.S.","contributorId":85542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bollinger","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":426388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Derksen, D.V.","contributorId":23483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"D.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Terenzi, J.","contributorId":18975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terenzi","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":426389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Orthmeyer, D.L.","contributorId":84684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orthmeyer","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rothe, T.C.","contributorId":10016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rothe","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Petrula, M.J.","contributorId":106713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrula","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Yparraguirre, D.R.","contributorId":97442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yparraguirre","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70030679,"text":"70030679 - 2006 - Perchlorate in pleistocene and holocene groundwater in North-Central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T07:33:39","indexId":"70030679","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perchlorate in pleistocene and holocene groundwater in North-Central New Mexico","docAbstract":"Groundwater from remote parts of the Middle Rio Grande Basin in north-central New Mexico has perchlorate (ClO4-) concentrations of 0.12−1.8 μg/L. Because the water samples are mostly preanthropogenic in age (0−28 000 years) and there are no industrial sources in the study area, a natural source of the ClO4- is likely. Most of the samples have Br-, Cl-, and SO42- concentrations that are similar to those of modern bulk atmospheric deposition with evapotranspiration (ET) factors of about 7−40. Most of the ET values for Pleistocene recharge were nearly twice that for Holocene recharge. The NO3-/Cl- and ClO4-/Cl- ratios are more variable than those of Br-/Cl- or SO42-/Cl-. Samples thought to have recharged under the most arid conditions in the Holocene have relatively high NO3-/Cl- ratios and low δ15N values (+1 per mil (‰)) similar to those of modern bulk atmospheric N deposition. The δ18O values of the NO3- (−4 to 0 ‰) indicate that atmospheric NO3- was not transmitted directly to the groundwater but may have been cycled in the soils before infiltrating. Samples with nearly atmospheric NO3-/Cl- ratios have relatively high ClO4-concentrations (1.0−1.8 μg/L) with a nearly constant ClO4-/Cl- mole ratio of (1.4 ± 0.1) × 10-4, which would be consistent with an average ClO4- concentration of 0.093 ± 0.005 μg/L in bulk atmospheric deposition during the late Holocene in north-central NM. Samples thought to have recharged under wetter conditions have higher δ15N values (+3 to +8 ‰), lower NO3-/Cl- ratios, and lower ClO4-/Cl- ratios than the ones most likely to preserve an atmospheric signal. Processes in the soils that may have depleted atmospherically derived NO3- also may have depleted ClO4- to varying degrees prior to recharge. If these interpretations are correct, then ClO4- concentrations of atmospheric origin as high as 4 μg/L are possible in preanthropogenic groundwater in parts of the Southwest where ET approaches a factor of 40. Higher ClO4- concentrations in uncontaminated groundwater could occur in recharge beneath arid areas where ET is greater than 40, where long-term accumulations of atmospheric salts are leached suddenly from dry soils, or where other (nonatmospheric) natural sources of ClO4- exist.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es051739h","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., Böhlke, J., and Doughten, M., 2006, Perchlorate in pleistocene and holocene groundwater in North-Central New Mexico: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 6, p. 1757-1763, https://doi.org/10.1021/es051739h.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1757","endPage":"1763","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212055,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es051739h"}],"volume":"40","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7672e4b0c8380cd78103","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doughten, M. W.","contributorId":101648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doughten","given":"M. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030897,"text":"70030897 - 2006 - Ecological characteristics of coral patch reefs at Midway Atoll, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030897","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":930,"text":"Atoll Research Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecological characteristics of coral patch reefs at Midway Atoll, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands","docAbstract":"Ecological aspects of coral patch reefs were studied from 1981 to 1985 in Welles Harbor, Midway Atoll. Water temperatures varied from 17??C in February to 28??C in August. Sizes of reefs studied were described by mean area (59 m2), mean volume (52 m3), vertical relief (<1 m), and inter-reef isolation (100 m). Considerable temporal change in reef size occurred due to large winter swells shifting bottom sand. Six common species accounted for 70% of all individual fish visually censused over 4 years. Overall fish assemblage composition ranged from 11 to 46 fish/10 m2, from 3 to 14 species. Numerical abundance and species richness for all fish (pooled) strongly correlated with physical reef substrate characteristics of area, volume, and vertical relief during summer. Species diversity (H') was not correlated with the substrate variables, suggesting similarity in the structure of fish communities among different sizes of patch reefs. Daily surveillance for presence of large transient taxa suggested that visits by sharks, large jacks, monk seals, sea turtles, and dolphins were infrequent. Density estimates were made for all conspicuous invertebrate megafauna during initial and final assessments. Six common taxa provided 90% of these counts; nearly half were sea urchins. Percent cover also was recorded for coral and algal species on the patch reefs. Cover by live coral was low (about 7%) and dominated by a few species. Mean algal cover ranged from 32 to 77%. Such information on ecological characteristics of reefs may aid in understanding complex ecological processes and provides an earlier reference for current ecosystem studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atoll Research Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00775630","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, R., and Parrish, J., 2006, Ecological characteristics of coral patch reefs at Midway Atoll, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: Atoll Research Bulletin, no. 543, p. 439-460.","startPage":"439","endPage":"460","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"543","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0546e4b0c8380cd50d25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, R.E.","contributorId":30436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parrish, J.D.","contributorId":63083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030277,"text":"70030277 - 2006 - Estimation of temporary emigration in male toads","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-14T14:39:10","indexId":"70030277","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of temporary emigration in male toads","docAbstract":"Male boreal toads (Bufo boreas) are thought to return to the breeding site every year but, if absent in a particular year, will be more likely to return the following year. Using Pollock's robust design we estimated temporary emigration (the probability a male toad is absent from a breeding site in a given year) at three locations in Colorado, USA: two in Rocky Mountain National Park and one in Chaffee County. We present data that suggest that not all male toads return to the breeding site every year. Our analyses indicate that temporary emigration varies by site and time (for example, from 1992 to 1998, the probability of temporary emigration ranged from 10% to 29% and from 3% to 95% at Lost Lake and Kettle Tarn, respectively). Although the results provide weak evidence that males are more likely to return after a year's hiatus, a general pattern of state-dependent temporary emigration was not supported. We also hypothesized relationships between temporary emigration and a number of weather variables. While some competitive models included weather covariates, imprecise and variable estimates of the effects of these covariates precluded fully defining their impact on temporary emigration. ?? 2006 by the Ecological Society of America.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1048:EOTEIM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Muths, E., Scherer, R.D., Corn, P., and Lambert, B., 2006, Estimation of temporary emigration in male toads: Ecology, v. 87, no. 4, p. 1048-1056, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1048:EOTEIM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1048","endPage":"1056","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239195,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Chaffee County","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 37.03763967977139\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -101.9970703125,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -101.9970703125,\n 37.03763967977139\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 37.03763967977139\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bb4e4b0c8380cd52833","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muths, E.","contributorId":6394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scherer, R. D.","contributorId":8061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scherer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6674,"text":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":426439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corn, P.S.","contributorId":63751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lambert, B.A.","contributorId":58378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030511,"text":"70030511 - 2006 - Deep magma transport at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-22T20:38:10","indexId":"70030511","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2588,"text":"LITHOS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep magma transport at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The shallow part of Kilauea's magma system is conceptually well-understood. Long-period and short-period (brittle-failure) earthquake swarms outline a near-vertical magma transport path beneath Kilauea's summit to 20 km depth. A gravity high centered above the magma transport path demonstrates that Kilauea's shallow magma system, established early in the volcano's history, has remained fixed in place. Low seismicity at 4-7 km outlines a storage region from which magma is supplied for eruptions and intrusions. Brittle-failure earthquake swarms shallower than 5 km beneath the rift zones accompany dike emplacement. Sparse earthquakes extend to a decollement at 10-12 km along which the south flank of Kilauea is sliding seaward. This zone below 5 km can sustain aseismic magma transport, consistent with recent tomographic studies. Long-period earthquake clusters deeper than 40 km occur parallel to and offshore of Kilauea's south coast, defining the deepest seismic response to magma transport from the Hawaiian hot spot. A path connecting the shallow and deep long-period earthquakes is defined by mainshock-aftershock locations of brittle-failure earthquakes unique to Kilauea whose hypocenters are deeper than 25 km with magnitudes from 4.4 to 5.2. Separation of deep and shallow long-period clusters occurs as the shallow plumbing moves with the volcanic edifice, while the deep plumbing is centered over the hotspot. Recent GPS data agrees with the volcano-propagation vector from Kauai to Maui, suggesting that Pacific plate motion, azimuth 293.5?? and rate of 7.4 cm/yr, has been constant over Kilauea's lifetime. However, volcano propagation on the island of Hawaii, azimuth 325??, rate 13 cm/yr, requires southwesterly migration of the locus of melting within the broad hotspot. Deep, long-period earthquakes lie west of the extrapolated position of Kilauea backward in time along a plate-motion vector, requiring southwesterly migration of Kilauea's magma source. Assumed ages of 0.4 my for Kilauea and 0.8 my for Mauna Loa are consistent with this model. Younger ages would apply if Kilauea began its growth south of the locus of maximum melting, as is true for Loihi seamount. We conclude that Kilauea is fed from below the eastern end of the zone of deep long-period earthquakes. Magma transport is vertical below 30 km, then sub-horizontal, following the oceanic mantle boundary separating plagioclase- and spinel-peridotite, then near-vertical beneath Kilauea's summit. The migration of the melting region within the hotspot and Kilauea's sampling of different sources within the melting region can explain (1) the long-term geochemical separation of Kilauea from neighboring volcanoes Mauna Loa and Loihi, and (2) the short-term changes in trace-element and isotope signatures within Kilauea. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rigths reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"LITHOS","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.lithos.2005.05.004","issn":"00244937","usgsCitation":"Wright, T.L., and Klein, F.W., 2006, Deep magma transport at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: LITHOS, v. 87, no. 1-2, p. 50-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2005.05.004.","startPage":"50","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211725,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2005.05.004"},{"id":239070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe26e4b0c8380cd4eb52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, T. L.","contributorId":11188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klein, F. W.","contributorId":88371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028665,"text":"70028665 - 2006 - Location and timing of river-aquifer exchanges in six tributaries to the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-27T15:16:22","indexId":"70028665","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Location and timing of river-aquifer exchanges in six tributaries to the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest of the United States","docAbstract":"The flow of water between rivers and contiguous aquifers influences the quantity and quality of water resources, particularly in regions where precipitation and runoff are unevenly distributed through the year, such as the Columbia Basin (CB) in northwestern United States. Investigations of basin hydrogeology and gains and losses of streamflow for six rivers in the CB were reviewed to characterize general patterns in the timing and location of river-aquifer exchanges at a reach-scale (0.5-150 km) and to identify geologic and geomorphic features associated with the largest exchanges. Ground-water discharge to each river, or the gain in streamflow, was concentrated spatially: more than one-half of the total gains along each river segment were contributed from reaches that represented no more than 30% of the total segment length with the largest and most concentrated gains in rivers in volcanic terrains. Fluvial recharge of aquifers, or losses of streamflow, was largest in rivers in sedimentary basins where unconsolidated sediments form shallow aquifers. Three types of geologic or geomorphic features were associated with the largest exchanges: (1) changes in the thickness of unconsolidated aquifers; (2) contacts between lithologic units that represent contrasts in permeability; and (3) channel forms that increase the hydraulic gradient or cross-sectional area of flow paths between a river and shallow ground-water. The down-valley component of ground-water flow and its vertical convergence on or divergence from a riverbed account for large streamflow gains in some reaches and contrast with the common assumption of lateral ground-water discharge to a river that penetrates completely through the aquifer. Increased ground-water discharge was observed during high-flow periods in reaches of four rivers indicating that changes in ground-water levels can be more important than stage fluctuations in regulating the direction and magnitude of river-aquifer exchanges and that assumptions about ground-water discharge during high flow periods used for base-flow separation must be verified. Given the variety of geologic terrains in the CB, the spatial and temporal patterns of river-aquifer exchanges provide a framework for investigations in other regions that includes a focus on reaches where the largest exchanges are likely to occur, integration of ground-water and surface-water data, and verification of assumptions regarding ground-water flow direction and temporal variation of exchanges. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.02.028","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Konrad, C., 2006, Location and timing of river-aquifer exchanges in six tributaries to the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest of the United States: Journal of Hydrology, v. 329, no. 3-4, p. 444-470, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.02.028.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"444","endPage":"470","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209736,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.02.028"}],"volume":"329","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a490be4b0c8380cd68305","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konrad, C.P.","contributorId":39027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70028708,"text":"70028708 - 2006 - Determination of coalbed methane potential and gas adsorption capacity in Western Kentucky coals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70028708","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Determination of coalbed methane potential and gas adsorption capacity in Western Kentucky coals","docAbstract":"The Illinois Basin has not been developed for Coalbed Methane (CBM) production. It is imperative to determine both gas content and other parameters for the Kentucky portion of the Illinois Basin if exploration is to progress and production is to occur in this area. This research is part of a larger project being conducted by the Kentucky Geological Survey to evaluate the CBM production of Pennsylvanian-age western Kentucky coals in Ohio, Webster, and Union counties using methane adsorption isotherms, direct gas desorption measurements, and chemical analyses of coal and gas. This research will investigate relationships between CBM potential and petrographic, surface area, pore size, and gas adsorption isotherm analyses of the coals. Maceral and reflectance analyses are being conducted at the Center for Applied Energy Research. At the Indiana Geological Survey, the surface area and pore size of the coals will be analyzed using a Micrometrics ASAP 2020, and the CO2 isotherm analyses will be conducted using a volumetric adsorption apparatus in a water temperature bath. The aforementioned analyses will be used to determine site specific correlations for the Kentucky part of the Illinois Basin. The data collected will be compared with previous work in the Illinois Basin and will be correlated with data and structural features in the basin. Gas composition and carbon and hydrogen isotopic data suggest mostly thermogenic origin of coalbed gas in coals from Webster and Union Counties, Kentucky, in contrast to the dominantly biogenic character of coalbed gas in Ohio County, Kentucky.","largerWorkTitle":"23rd Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, PCC - Coal-Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development","conferenceTitle":"23rd Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, PCC - Coal-Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development","conferenceDate":"25 September 2006 through 28 September 2006","conferenceLocation":"Pittsburgh, PA","language":"English","isbn":"1890977233; 9781890977238","usgsCitation":"Mardon, S., Takacs, K., Hower, J., Eble, C., and Mastalerz, M., 2006, Determination of coalbed methane potential and gas adsorption capacity in Western Kentucky coals, in 23rd Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, PCC - Coal-Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development, Pittsburgh, PA, 25 September 2006 through 28 September 2006.","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff9ee4b0c8380cd4f2b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mardon, S.M.","contributorId":12662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mardon","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takacs, K.G.","contributorId":50708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takacs","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hower, J.C.","contributorId":100541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hower","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eble, C.F.","contributorId":35346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eble","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028533,"text":"70028533 - 2006 - Isotopic insights into smoothening of abandoned fan surfaces, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028533","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic insights into smoothening of abandoned fan surfaces, Southern California","docAbstract":"Cosmogenic nuclide concentrations measured on abandoned fan surfaces along the Mojave section of the San Andreas Fault suggest that sediment is generated, transported, and removed from the fans on the order of 30-40??kyr. We measured in situ produced cosmogenic 10Be, and in some cases 26Al, in boulders (n??=??15), surface sediment (n??=??15), and one depth profile (n??=??9). Nuclide concentrations in surface sediments and boulders underestimate fan ages, suggesting that 10Be accumulation is largely controlled by the geomorphic processes that operate on the surfaces of the fans and not by their ages. Field observations, grain-size distribution, and cosmogenic nuclide data suggest that over time, boulders weather into grus and the bar sediments diffuse into the adjacent swales. As fans grow older the relief between bars and swales decreases, the sediment transport rate from bars to swales decreases, and the surface processes that erode the fan become uniform over the entire fan surface. The nuclide data therefore suggest that, over time, the difference in 10Be concentration between bars and swales increases to a maximum until the topographic relief between bars and swales is minimized, resulting in a common surface lowering rate and common 10Be concentrations across the fan. During this phase, the entire fan is lowered homogeneously at a rate of 10-15??mm??kyr-1. ?? 2006 University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2006.02.010","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Matmon, A., Nichols, K., and Finkel, R., 2006, Isotopic insights into smoothening of abandoned fan surfaces, Southern California: Quaternary Research, v. 66, no. 1, p. 109-118, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2006.02.010.","startPage":"109","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209756,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2006.02.010"},{"id":236460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fb9e4b0c8380cd64770","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matmon, A.","contributorId":14983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matmon","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, K.","contributorId":46286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finkel, R.","contributorId":103028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkel","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028507,"text":"70028507 - 2006 - Application of artificial neural networks to assess pesticide contamination in shallow groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028507","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of artificial neural networks to assess pesticide contamination in shallow groundwater","docAbstract":"In this study, a feed-forward back-propagation neural network (BPNN) was developed and applied to predict pesticide concentrations in groundwater monitoring wells. Pesticide concentration data are challenging to analyze because they tend to be highly censored. Input data to the neural network included the categorical indices of depth to aquifer material, pesticide leaching class, aquifer sensitivity to pesticide contamination, time (month) of sample collection, well depth, depth to water from land surface, and additional travel distance in the saturated zone (i.e., distance from land surface to midpoint of well screen). The output of the neural network was the total pesticide concentration detected in the well. The model prediction results produced good agreements with observed data in terms of correlation coefficient (R = 0.87) and pesticide detection efficiency (E = 89%), as well as good match between the observed and predicted \"class\" groups. The relative importance of input parameters to pesticide occurrence in groundwater was examined in terms of R, E, mean error (ME), root mean square error (RMSE), and pesticide occurrence \"class\" groups by eliminating some key input parameters to the model. Well depth and time of sample collection were the most sensitive input parameters for predicting the pesticide contamination potential of a well. This infers that wells tapping shallow aquifers are more vulnerable to pesticide contamination than those wells tapping deeper aquifers. Pesticide occurrences during post-application months (June through October) were found to be 2.5 to 3 times higher than pesticide occurrences during other months (November through April). The BPNN was used to rank the input parameters with highest potential to contaminate groundwater, including two original and five ancillary parameters. The two original parameters are depth to aquifer material and pesticide leaching class. When these two parameters were the only input parameters for the BPNN, they were not able to predict contamination potential. However, when they were used with other parameters, the predictive performance efficiency of the BPNN in terms of R, E, ME, RMSE, and pesticide occurrence \"class\" groups increased. Ancillary data include data collected during the study such as well depth and time of sample collection. The BPNN indicated that the ancillary data had more predictive power than the original data. The BPNN results will help researchers identify parameters to improve maps of aquifer sensitivity to pesticide contamination. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.12.011","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Sahoo, G., Ray, C., Mehnert, E., and Keefer, D., 2006, Application of artificial neural networks to assess pesticide contamination in shallow groundwater: Science of the Total Environment, v. 367, no. 1, p. 234-251, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.12.011.","startPage":"234","endPage":"251","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477506,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.12.011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209861,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.12.011"},{"id":236598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"367","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec96e4b0c8380cd49373","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sahoo, G.B.","contributorId":49167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sahoo","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ray, C.","contributorId":40758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mehnert, E.","contributorId":64830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehnert","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keefer, D.A.","contributorId":90890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}