We made predictions of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) autumn distribution in the Chukchi Sea with a Resource Selection Function (RSF) developed from 1198 satellite radio-collar locations on 124 adult female polar bears, 1987 – 1994. The RSF was created to assist in an aerial survey design for polar bears proposed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The RSF was based on bathymetry and daily sea ice covariates extracted from passive microwave satellite imagery within the pelagic region > 25 km from shore. The RSF indicated that polar bears selected habitats with intermediate amounts (~50%) of ice cover in close proximity to higher ice concentrations, and over relatively shallow waters. The RSF showed good predictive abilities for the years of its construct, worked best in October, and was robust to inter-annual variability. When evaluated with recent (1997 – 2005) data, the RSF performed well for October and November but poorly in September. This loss of predictive abilities appeared to be related to recent changes in habitat due to longer melt seasons and younger sea ice, and testing the retrospective model with a small sample of recent polar bears locations from a limited region of the Chukchi Sea. Contemporary applications of this RSF must consider three factors that could limit its utility: 1) 2 different sea ice phenology; 2) distributions of males and sub-adults; and 3) occupancy in nearshore habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Durner, G.M., Douglas, D., Nielson, R.M., and Amstrup, S.C., 2006, A model for autumn pelagic distribution of adult female polar bears in the Chukchi Seas, 1987-1994, v, 62 p.","productDescription":"v, 62 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326844,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc2ee4b03fd6b7d94bf9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nielson, R. M.","contributorId":22967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nielson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175735,"text":"70175735 - 2006 - Use of buccal swabs for sampling DNA from nestling and adult birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:22:17","indexId":"70175735","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of buccal swabs for sampling DNA from nestling and adult birds","docAbstract":"We evaluated the feasibility and efficiency of using swabs to collect buccal epithelial cells fromsmall (2‐ to 13‐g) birds as a source of DNA for genetic studies. We used commercially available buccal swab kits to collect samples from 42 adult and 39 nestling (4‐ to 8‐day‐old) black‐capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and from6 4‐day‐old nestling boreal chickadees (P. hudsonica). We compared DNA from buccal epithelial samples to that fromblood samples from the same individuals. We extracted sufficient quantities of DNA for analysis from all buccalsamples, and samples remained viable even after being stored in original plastic sampling tubes at room temperature for up to 18 months. Yields were equivalent whether extracted using the proprietary quick‐extraction solution provided with buccal swab kits or using a salt‐extraction process with inexpensive reagents. Yields of DNA from buccal samples were consistently lower than those from blood samples, but quantities were sufficient for all analyses. Assignment of sex, based on DNA extracted from paired buccal and blood samples, was identical for all 87 birds. We found no difference in the genotypes obtained from buccal and blood samples for 12 individuals tested using 5 microsatellite loci and found perfect concordance in sequencing of an 823‐base‐pair segment within the control region of mitochondrial DNA for 7 individuals tested. Use of buccal swabs is highly recommended as a rapid, noninvasive technique for sampling avian genomic DNA, especially for extremely young altricial nestlings or small‐bodied adults, or for any birds for which blood sampling may be impossible or stressful.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[1094:UOBSFS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0091-7648","usgsCitation":"Handel, C.M., Pajot, L.M., Talbot, S.L., and Sage, G.K., 2006, Use of buccal swabs for sampling DNA from nestling and adult birds: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 34, no. 4, p. 1094-1100, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[1094:UOBSFS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1094","endPage":"1100","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326852,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc71e4b03fd6b7d94cac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pajot, Lisa M. 0000-0001-5704-2381 lpajot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5704-2381","contributorId":201730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pajot","given":"Lisa","email":"lpajot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sage, George K. 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":87833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"George","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":646243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028049,"text":"70028049 - 2006 - Patterns of growth and body condition in sea otters from the Aleutian archipelago before and after the recent population decline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T15:03:08","indexId":"70028049","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of growth and body condition in sea otters from the Aleutian archipelago before and after the recent population decline","docAbstract":"1. Growth models for body mass and length were fitted to data collected from 1842 sea otters Enhydra lutris shot or live-captured throughout south-west Alaska between 1967 and 2004. Growth curves were constructed for each of two main year groups: 1967–71 when the population was at or near carrying capacity and 1992–97 when the population was in steep decline. Analyses of data collected from animals caught during 2004, when the population density was very low, were precluded by a small sample size and consequently only examined incidentally to the main growth curves.
2. Growth curves demonstrated a significant increase in body mass and body length at age in the 1990s. Asymptotic values of body mass were 12–18% higher in the 1990s than in the 1960s/70s, and asymptotic values for body length were 10–11% higher between the same periods. Data collected in 2004 suggest a continued increase in body size, with nearly all data points for mass and length falling significantly above the 1990s growth curves.
3. In addition to larger asymptotic values for mass and length, the rate of growth towards asymptotic values was more rapid in the 1990s than in the 1960s/70s: sea otters reached 95% of asymptotic body mass and body length 1–2 years earlier in the 1990s.
4. Body condition (as measured by the log mass/log length ratio) was significantly greater in males than in females. There was also an increasing trend from the 1960s/70s through 2004 despite much year-to-year variation.
5. Population age structures differed significantly between the 1960s/70s and the 1990s with the latter distribution skewed toward younger age classes (indicating an altered lxfunction) suggesting almost complete relaxation of age-dependent mortality patterns (i.e. those typical of food-limited populations).
6. This study spanned a period of time over which the population status of sea otters in the Aleutian archipelago declined precipitously from levels at or near equilibrium densities at some islands in the 1960s/70s to < 5% of estimated carrying capacity by the late 1990s. The results of this study indicate an improved overall health of sea otters over the period of decline and suggest that limited nutritional resources were not the cause of the observed reduced population abundance. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the decline was caused by increased killer whale predation.
At the Naturita site in Colorado, USA, groundwaters were sampled and analyzed for chemical composition and by culture and culture-independent microbiological techniques. In addition, sediments were extracted with a dilute sodium carbonate solution to determine quantities of labile uranium within the sediments. Samples from the upgradient portion of the contaminated aquifer, where very little dissolved Fe(II) is found in the groundwater, have uranium content that is controlled by U(VI) adsorption and few metal-reducing bacteria are observed. In the extreme downgradient portion of the aquifer, where dissolved Fe(II) is observed, uranium content of the sediments includes significant quantities of reduced U(IV) and diverse populations of Fe(III)-reducing bacteria were present in the subsurface with the potential of reducing U(VI) to U(IV).
In several areas of southern Sweden, limestone nodules, locally called Orsten occur within bituminous alum shales. These shales and nodules were deposited under dysoxic conditions at the bottom of what was most likely a shallow sea during the late Middle to Upper Cambrian (ca. 500 million years ago). Subsequently, the name ‘Orsten’ has been referred to particular, mainly arthropod, fossils from such nodules, and, in a wider sense, to the specific type of preservation of minute fossil through secondarily phosphatization. This preservation is exceptional in yielding uncompacted and diagenetically undeformed three-dimensional fossils. ‘Orsten’-type preservation resulted from incrustation of a thin external layer and also by impregnation by calcium phosphate and, therefore, mineralization of the surface of the former animals during early diagenesis. Primarily, this type of preservation seems to have affected only cuticle-bearing metazoans such as cycloneuralian nemathelminths and arthropods. ‘Orsten’ preservation in this sense seems to be limited by size, in having yielded no partial or complete animals larger than 2 mm. On the other end of the scale, even larvae 100 μm long are preserved, often more complete than larger specimens, and details such as setules and pores smaller than 1 μm can be observed. Fossils preserved in such a manner are almost exclusively hollow carcasses, but can be filled secondarily; less common are completely phosphatized compact specimens. The high quality of preservation makes the Swedish ‘Orsten’ a typical Konservat-Lagerstätte. Yet, its special type of preservation is more widespread in time and geographical distribution than assumed initially, and the origin of the phosphate is not necessarily restricted just to one source. Subsequent to the first discoveries of limb fragments of Cambrian arthropods in 1975, animals in this special preservational type have been discovered in several continents and across a broad stratigraphic range including even Proterozoic strata. The latter have yielded early cleavage and metazoan embryonic stages, expanding knowledge on the preservational capacities of the ‘Orsten’. Here, we report the recent status of our research on the ‘Orsten’ and give perspectives for future exploration on a worldwide scale, particularly in light of a recently formed international research group named Center of Orsten Research and Exploration (C.O.R.E.).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2006.10.005","issn":"1871174X","usgsCitation":"Maas, A., Braun, A., Dong, X., Donoghue, P.C., Muller, K.J., Olempska, E., Repetski, J.E., Siveter, D.J., Stein, M., and Waloszek, D., 2006, The 'Orsten': more than a Cambrian Konservat-Lagerstätte yielding exceptional preservation: Palaeoworld, v. 15, no. 3-4 SPEC. ISS., p. 266-282, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2006.10.005.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"266","endPage":"282","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":500805,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2381/27533","text":"External Repository"},{"id":237325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210415,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2006.10.005"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3-4 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba612e4b08c986b320e83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maas, Andreas","contributorId":73401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maas","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Braun, Andreas","contributorId":80877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dong, Xi-Ping","contributorId":139369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dong","given":"Xi-Ping","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12751,"text":"Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":416253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Donoghue, Philip C.J.","contributorId":139372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donoghue","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"C.J.","affiliations":[{"id":7172,"text":"University of Bristol, U.K. and University of Oregon, Eugene","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":416249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Muller, Klaus J.","contributorId":30809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"Klaus","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olempska, Ewa","contributorId":62007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olempska","given":"Ewa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Repetski, John E. 0000-0002-2298-7120 jrepetski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-7120","contributorId":2596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"John","email":"jrepetski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Siveter, David J.","contributorId":43558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siveter","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stein, Martin","contributorId":28055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Waloszek, Dieter","contributorId":95256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waloszek","given":"Dieter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70028085,"text":"70028085 - 2006 - Land use/land cover change effects on temperature trends at U.S. Climate Normals stations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-21T12:07:14","indexId":"70028085","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land use/land cover change effects on temperature trends at U.S. Climate Normals stations","docAbstract":"Alterations in land use/land cover (LULC) in areas near meteorological observation stations can influence the measurement of climatological variables such as temperature. Urbanization near climate stations has been the focus of considerable research attention, however conversions between non-urban LULC classes may also have an impact. In this study, trends of minimum, maximum, and average temperature at 366 U.S. Climate Normals stations are analyzed based on changes in LULC defined by the U.S. Land Cover Trends Project. Results indicate relatively few significant temperature trends before periods of greatest LULC change, and these are generally evenly divided between warming and cooling trends. In contrast, after the period of greatest LULC change was observed, 95% of the stations that exhibited significant trends (minimum, maximum, or mean temperature) displayed warming trends. Copyriht 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006GL026358","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Hale, R., Gallo, K.P., Owen, T., and Loveland, T., 2006, Land use/land cover change effects on temperature trends at U.S. Climate Normals stations: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026358.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477466,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl026358","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210118,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026358"}],"volume":"33","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a43a4e4b0c8380cd664cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hale, R. C.","contributorId":11309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hale","given":"R. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallo, K. P.","contributorId":86527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallo","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owen, T.W.","contributorId":58424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":416478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028051,"text":"70028051 - 2006 - Effects of chronic avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) infection on reproductive success of Hawaii Amakihi (Hemignathus virens)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T13:18:29","indexId":"70028051","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of chronic avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) infection on reproductive success of Hawaii Amakihi (Hemignathus virens)","docAbstract":"We studied the effects of chronic avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) infections on the reproductive success of a native Hawaiian honeycreeper, Hawaii Amakihi (Hemignathus virens). Chronic malaria infections in male and female parents did not significantly reduce reproductive success as measured by clutch size, hatching success, fledging mass, number of nestlings fledged, nesting success (daily survival rate), and minimum fledgling survival. In fact, nesting success of pairs with chronically infected males was significantly higher than those with uninfected males (76% vs. 38%), and offspring that had at least one parent that had survived the acute phase of malaria infection had a significantly greater chance of being resighted the following year (25% vs. 10%). The reproduction and survival of infected birds were sufficient for a per-capita population growth rate >1, which suggests that chronically infected Hawaii Amakihi could support a growing population.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[764:EOCAMP]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Kilpatrick, A., Lapointe, D., Atkinson, C., Woodworth, B., Lease, J., Reiter, M., and Gross, K., 2006, Effects of chronic avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) infection on reproductive success of Hawaii Amakihi (Hemignathus virens): The Auk, v. 123, no. 3, p. 764-774, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[764:EOCAMP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"764","endPage":"774","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477516,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[764:eocamp]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06aae4b0c8380cd51371","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kilpatrick, A.M.","contributorId":63776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilpatrick","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lapointe, D.A.","contributorId":69691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapointe","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Atkinson, C. T.","contributorId":29349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atkinson","given":"C. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woodworth, B.L.","contributorId":88538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodworth","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lease, J.K.","contributorId":20113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lease","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reiter, M.E.","contributorId":80065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiter","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gross, K.","contributorId":68251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028086,"text":"70028086 - 2006 - Modeling of gene expression pattern alteration by p,p′-DDE and dieldrin in largemouth bass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-20T09:02:41","indexId":"70028086","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2664,"text":"Marine Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling of gene expression pattern alteration by p,p′-DDE and dieldrin in largemouth bass","docAbstract":"In this study, largemouth bass (LMB) were subchronically exposed to p,p′-DDE or dieldrin in their diet to evaluate the effect of exposure on expression of genes involved in reproduction and steroid homeostasis. Using real-time PCR, we detected a different gene expression pattern for each OCP, suggesting that they each affect LMB in a different way. We also detected a different expression pattern among sexes, suggesting that sexes are affected differently by OCPs perhaps reflecting the different adaptive responses of each sex to dysregulation caused by OCP exposure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.04.049","issn":"01411136","usgsCitation":"Garcia-Reyero, N., Barber, D., Gross, T., and Denslow, N., 2006, Modeling of gene expression pattern alteration by p,p′-DDE and dieldrin in largemouth bass: Marine Environmental Research, v. 62, no. SUPPL. 1, p. 415-419, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.04.049.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"419","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477467,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1810567","text":"External Repository"},{"id":236945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210119,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.04.049"}],"volume":"62","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c14e4b0c8380cd6f9fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia-Reyero, Natalia","contributorId":43961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia-Reyero","given":"Natalia","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":26924,"text":"USArmy Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":416482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, David","contributorId":19747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gross, Timothy","contributorId":40390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denslow, Nancy","contributorId":26268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denslow","given":"Nancy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028038,"text":"70028038 - 2006 - Annual sediment flux estimates in a tidal strait using surrogate measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T09:51:45","indexId":"70028038","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual sediment flux estimates in a tidal strait using surrogate measurements","docAbstract":"Annual suspended-sediment flux estimates through Carquinez Strait (the seaward boundary of Suisun Bay, California) are provided based on surrogate measurements for advective, dispersive, and Stokes drift flux. The surrogates are landward watershed discharge, suspended-sediment concentration at one location in the Strait, and the longitudinal salinity gradient. The first two surrogates substitute for tidally averaged discharge and velocity-weighted suspended-sediment concentration in the Strait, thereby providing advective flux estimates, while Stokes drift is estimated with suspended-sediment concentration alone. Dispersive flux is estimated using the product of longitudinal salinity gradient and the root-mean-square value of velocity-weighted suspended-sediment concentration as an added surrogate variable. Cross-sectional measurements validated the use of surrogates during the monitoring period. During high freshwater flow advective and dispersive flux were in the seaward direction, while landward dispersive flux dominated and advective flux approached zero during low freshwater flow. Stokes drift flux was consistently in the landward direction. Wetter than average years led to net export from Suisun Bay, while dry years led to net sediment import. Relatively low watershed sediment fluxes to Suisun Bay contribute to net export during the wet season, while gravitational circulation in Carquinez Strait and higher suspended-sediment concentrations in San Pablo Bay (seaward end of Carquinez Strait) are responsible for the net import of sediment during the dry season. Annual predictions of suspended-sediment fluxes, using these methods, will allow for a sediment budget for Suisun Bay, which has implications for marsh restoration and nutrient/contaminant transport. These methods also provide a general framework for estimating sediment fluxes in estuarine environments, where temporal and spatial variability of transport are large. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2006.04.008","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Ganju, N., and Schoellhamer, D., 2006, Annual sediment flux estimates in a tidal strait using surrogate measurements: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 69, no. 1-2, p. 165-178, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.04.008.","startPage":"165","endPage":"178","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438862,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P999DIB2","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP) data collection of water flow at Benicia Bridge, 2004"},{"id":237293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210390,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.04.008"}],"volume":"69","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec34e4b0c8380cd4911b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ganju, N. K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":64782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"N. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175741,"text":"70175741 - 2006 - Steelhead of the south-central/southern California coast: Population characterization for recovery planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-18T16:27:41","indexId":"70175741","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5134,"text":"NOAA Technical Memorandum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Steelhead of the south-central/southern California coast: Population characterization for recovery planning","docAbstract":"This report by the National Marine Fisheries Service applies a formal evaluation framework to the problem of delineating Oncorhynchus mykiss populations in the South-Central/Southern California Coast recovery domain, in support of recovery planning under the Endangered Species Act.
","language":"English","publisher":"NOAA","usgsCitation":"Boughton, D.A., Adams, P., Anderson, E., Fusaro, C., Keller, E., Kelley, E., Lentsch, L., Nielsen, J., Perry, K., Regan, H., Swift, C., and Watson, F., 2006, Steelhead of the south-central/southern California coast: Population characterization for recovery planning: NOAA Technical Memorandum, v. 394.","startPage":"123","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326859,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"394","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc6ee4b03fd6b7d94c8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boughton, David A.","contributorId":172477,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boughton","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, P.B.","contributorId":22576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, E.","contributorId":100078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fusaro, Craig","contributorId":172479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fusaro","given":"Craig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keller, E.","contributorId":173846,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keller","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kelley, Elsie","contributorId":172480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelley","given":"Elsie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lentsch, Leo","contributorId":172481,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lentsch","given":"Leo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nielsen, J. L.","contributorId":115508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Perry, Katie","contributorId":172482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perry","given":"Katie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Regan, Helen","contributorId":172483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regan","given":"Helen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Swift, C.","contributorId":72660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swift","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Watson, Fred","contributorId":172486,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watson","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":77648,"text":"fs20063088 - 2006 - \"HIP\" new software: The Hydroecological Integrity Assessment Process","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T16:52:26","indexId":"fs20063088","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3088","title":"\"HIP\" new software: The Hydroecological Integrity Assessment Process","docAbstract":"Managing rivers and streams to maintain healthy aquatic ecosystems is a challenge for resource managers across the country. Demand for competing uses of water resources grows with escalating development, increasing recreational use, and the vagaries of climate and weather. For many species of concern, instream flow and associated water quality are critical for survival. Balancing ecosystem needs with proposed changes in flow regimes requires a process managers can use to determine the ecological and hydrological effects of changes in streamflow.
\nCenter (FORT) have developed the Hydroecological Integrity Assessment Process (HIP) and a suite of software tools for conducting a hydrologic classification of streams, addressing instream flow needs, and assessing past and proposed hydrologic alterations on streamflow and other ecosystem components. The HIP recognizes that streamflow is strongly related to many critical physiochemical components of rivers, such as dissolved oxygen, channel geomorphology, and habitats. Streamflow is considered a “master variable” that limits the distribution, abundance, and diversity of many aquatic plant and animal species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20063088","usgsCitation":"Henriksen, J., and Wilson, J.T., 2006, \"HIP\" new software: The Hydroecological Integrity Assessment Process: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3088, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063088.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121012,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3088.jpg"},{"id":320221,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3088/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4900e4b0b290850eecc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henriksen, Jim","contributorId":23638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henriksen","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Juliette T.","contributorId":86439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Juliette","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015168,"text":"1015168 - 2006 - The importance of adjusting for trip purpose in regional economic analyses of tourist destinations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-31T14:05:23","indexId":"1015168","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3606,"text":"Tourism Economics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of adjusting for trip purpose in regional economic analyses of tourist destinations","docAbstract":"This paper investigates the empirical importance of distinguishing visitors and their expenditures by trip purpose when estimating the tourism effects of a national park on a local economy. Accounting for trip purpose is quite important when there are two or more nearby major attractions in the same geographical area. This applies to the author's case study of Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks in the State of Wyoming, and also to other areas, such as the State of Utah's Bryce and Zion National Parks or amusement parks in the Orlando area in Florida. The authors illustrate the various types of survey questions and methods for correcting for trip purpose. In the case study, it would be quite misleading to attribute all spending by visitors to Grand Teton National Park (GTNP) in the town of Jackson, Wyoming, solely to GTNP because this would overstate employment actually attributable to the park by 3,455 jobs, or 22%. In turn, this overestimates the dependence of jobs in the Jackson economy on GTNP by 15%, incorrectly estimating it at 75% rather than the sounder figure of 60% of total jobs.
","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE Journals","doi":"10.5367/000000006776387105","usgsCitation":"Loomis, J., and Caughlan, L., 2006, The importance of adjusting for trip purpose in regional economic analyses of tourist destinations: Tourism Economics, v. 12, no. 1, p. 33-43, https://doi.org/10.5367/000000006776387105.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"43","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a85e4b07f02db64d876","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loomis, J.","contributorId":41785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loomis","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caughlan, L.","contributorId":38498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caughlan","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79397,"text":"ofr20061314 - 2006 - Defining ecosystem flow requirements for the Bill Williams River, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T14:25:53","indexId":"ofr20061314","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1314","title":"Defining ecosystem flow requirements for the Bill Williams River, Arizona","docAbstract":"Alteration of natural river flows resulting from the construction and operation of dams can result in substantial changes to downstream aquatic and bottomland ecosystems and undermine the long-term health of native species and communities (for general review, cf. Ward and Stanford, 1995; Baron and others, 2002; Nilsson and Svedmark, 2002). Increasingly, land and water managers are seeking ways to manage reservoir releases to produce flow regimes that simultaneously meet human needs and maintain the health and sustainability of downstream biotaa.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061314","usgsCitation":"2006, Defining ecosystem flow requirements for the Bill Williams River, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1314, ix, 135 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061314.","productDescription":"ix, 135 p.","numberOfPages":"144","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190716,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061314.PNG"},{"id":320227,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1314/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Bill Williams River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.9666748046875,\n 34.116352469972746\n ],\n [\n -113.9666748046875,\n 35.34425514918409\n ],\n [\n -112.65380859375,\n 35.34425514918409\n ],\n [\n -112.65380859375,\n 34.116352469972746\n ],\n [\n -113.9666748046875,\n 34.116352469972746\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db67253b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627610,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beauchamp, Vanessa B.","contributorId":39468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"Vanessa","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627611,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015170,"text":"1015170 - 2006 - Autumn migration and selection of rock crevices as hibernacula by big brown bats in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T15:23:58","indexId":"1015170","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Autumn migration and selection of rock crevices as hibernacula by big brown bats in Colorado","docAbstract":"Movements, distribution, and roosting requirements of most species of temperate-zone bats in autumn are poorly understood. We conducted the 1st radiotelemetry study of autumn migrations and prehibernation roost selection of bats in western North America. Big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus, n = 55) in the Poudre River watershed, Colorado, moved from low-elevation summer ranges to high-elevation locations in autumn, where they roosted in rock crevices during the period leading up to winter hibernation. We characterized rock crevices used as roosts in autumn at these higher elevations at microhabitat and landscape scales. We used logistic regression combined with an information theoretic approach to determine which variables were most important in roost selection. At the microhabitat scale, autumn roosts were higher to the ground above and below the exit point and were in deeper crevices that had more constant temperatures than randomly selected crevices. At the landscape scale, aspect of the hillside was important, with autumn roosts typically facing north-northwest. Autumn roosts fell into 2 categories: those used for a few days (transient roosts) and those used for ≥7 days and presumed to be hibernacula. Temperature regimes in the presumed hibernacula appear to provide optimal conditions for use of winter torpor, whereas transient roosts may offer passive rewarming and energy savings for bats still active in early autumn. Elevational segregation of sexes also was documented in our region, with a preponderance of females found at lower elevations and males at higher elevations in summer. Sex ratios at higher elevations became even in autumn. Use of short elevational migrations and selection of hibernation sites in rock crevices may be a common overwintering strategy of insectivorous bats of western North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1644/05-MAMM-A-252R1.1","usgsCitation":"Neubaum, D., O'Shea, T., and Wilson, K., 2006, Autumn migration and selection of rock crevices as hibernacula by big brown bats in Colorado: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 87, no. 3, p. 470-479, https://doi.org/10.1644/05-MAMM-A-252R1.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"470","endPage":"479","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477352,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/05-mamm-a-252r1.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db66810f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neubaum, D.J.","contributorId":43720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neubaum","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, K.R.","contributorId":73961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":77639,"text":"fs20063078 - 2006 - The Conservation Reserve Program: Planting for the future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T10:10:16","indexId":"fs20063078","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3078","title":"The Conservation Reserve Program: Planting for the future","docAbstract":"Proceedings are now available from a scientific and technical forum held to review ongoing and planned research, identify lessons learned, and determine future research needs for the purpose of developing a rigorous scientific basis for future CRP policy discussions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20063078","usgsCitation":"Hyberg, S., and Allen, A., 2006, The Conservation Reserve Program: Planting for the future: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3078, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063078.","productDescription":"1 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121251,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3078.jpg"},{"id":8387,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/usgspubs/sir/sir20055145","text":"The Conservation Reserve Program: planting for the future. Proceedings of a National Conference, Fort Collins, Colorado, June 6-9, 2004","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"linkHelpText":"Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5145"},{"id":320230,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3078/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67fe8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hyberg, Skip","contributorId":90407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyberg","given":"Skip","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Arthur 0000-0002-6061-9396","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6061-9396","contributorId":70870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Arthur","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015169,"text":"1015169 - 2006 - A tamarisk habitat suitability map for the continental US","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T15:25:48","indexId":"1015169","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A tamarisk habitat suitability map for the continental US","docAbstract":"This paper presents a national-scale map of habitat suitability for tamarisk (Tamarix spp, salt cedar), a high-priority invasive species. We successfully integrate satellite data and tens of thousands of field sampling points through logistic regression modeling to create a habitat suitability map that is 90% accurate. This interagency effort uses field data collected and coordinated through the US Geological Survey and nationwide environmental data layers derived from NASA's MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We demonstrate the use of the map by ranking the 48 continental US states (and the District of Columbia) based on their absolute, as well as proportional, areas of “highly likely” and “moderately likely” habitat for Tamarix. The interagency effort and modeling approach presented here could be used to map other harmful species, in the US and globally.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/1540-9295(2006)004[0012:ATHSMF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Morisette, J., Jarnevich, C., Ullah, A., Cai, W., Pedelty, J., Gentle, J., Stohlgren, T., and Schnase, J., 2006, A tamarisk habitat suitability map for the continental US: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 4, no. 1, p. 11-17, https://doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2006)004[0012:ATHSMF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"17","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5c73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morisette, J.T.","contributorId":57029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarnevich, C. S.","contributorId":54932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"C. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ullah, A.","contributorId":82664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ullah","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cai, W.","contributorId":9216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cai","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pedelty, J.A.","contributorId":41788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedelty","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gentle, J.E.","contributorId":81066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gentle","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schnase, J.L.","contributorId":62184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnase","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":1015119,"text":"1015119 - 2006 - Flood pattern and weather determine Populus leaf litter breakdown and nitrogen dynamics on a cold desert floodplain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-28T09:49:45","indexId":"1015119","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Flood pattern and weather determine Populus leaf litter breakdown and nitrogen dynamics on a cold desert floodplain","title":"Flood pattern and weather determine Populus leaf litter breakdown and nitrogen dynamics on a cold desert floodplain","docAbstract":"Patterns and processes involved in litter breakdown on desert river floodplains are not well understood. We used leafpacks containing Fremont cottonwood (Populus deltoides subsp. wislizenii) leaf litter to investigate the roles of weather and microclimate, flooding (immersion), and macroinvertebrates on litter organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N) loss on a floodplain in a cool-temperate semi-arid environment (Yampa River, northwestern Colorado, USA). Total mass of N in fresh autumn litter fell by ∼20% over winter and spring, but in most cases there was no further N loss prior to termination of the study after 653 days exposure, including up to 20 days immersion during the spring flood pulse. Final OM mass was 10–40% of initial values. The pattern of OM and N losses suggested most N would be released outside the flood season, when retention within the floodplain would be likely. The exclusion of macroinvertebrates modestly reduced the rate of OM loss (by about 10%) but had no effect on N dynamics over nine months. Immersion in floodwater accelerated OM loss, but modest variation in litter quality did not affect the breakdown rate. These results are consistent with the concept that decomposition on desert floodplains progresses much as does litter processing in desert uplands, but with periodic bouts of processing typical of aquatic environments when litter is inundated by floodwaters. The strong dependence of litter breakdown rate on weather and floods means that climate change or river flow management can easily disrupt floodplain nutrient dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.06.022","usgsCitation":"Andersen, D., and Nelson, S.M., 2006, Flood pattern and weather determine Populus leaf litter breakdown and nitrogen dynamics on a cold desert floodplain: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 64, no. 4, p. 626-650, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.06.022.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"626","endPage":"650","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eec31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, D.C.","contributorId":19119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, S. M.","contributorId":81853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79478,"text":"fs20063025 - 2006 - Surveillance for Asian H5N1 avian influenza in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-26T15:06:08","indexId":"fs20063025","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3025","title":"Surveillance for Asian H5N1 avian influenza in the United States","docAbstract":"Increasing concern over the potential for migratory birds to introduce the Asian H5N1 strain of avian influenza to North America prompted the White House Policy Coordinating Committee for Pandemic Influenza Preparedness to request that the U.S. Departments of Agriculture (USDA) and Interior (DOI) develop a plan for the early detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in the United States. To promote coordination among wildlife, agriculture, and human health agencies on HPAI surveillance efforts, the two Departments worked with representatives from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game to develop the U.S. Interagency Strategic Plan for Early Detection of Asian H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Wild Migratory Birds.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20063025","usgsCitation":"Ip, S., and Slota, P.G., 2006, Surveillance for Asian H5N1 avian influenza in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3025, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063025.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353239,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3025/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":9022,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3025/fs20063025.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.19 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2006-3025"}],"contact":"Director, National Wildlife Health Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6006 Schroeder Road
Madison, WI 53711
A drop in dispersion, F-ratio like, permutation test (D) for linear quantile regression estimates (0≤τ≤1) had relative power ≥1 compared to quantile rank score tests (T) for hypotheses on parameters other than the intercept. Power was compared for combinations of sample sizes (n=20−300) and quantiles (τ=0.50−0.99) where both tests maintained valid Type I error rates in simulations with p=2 and 6 parameters in homogeneous and heterogeneous error models. The D test required two modifications of permuting residuals from null, reduced parameter models to maintain correct Type I error rates when null models were constrained through the origin or included multiple parameters. A double permutation scheme was used when null models were constrained through the origin and all but 1 of the zero residuals were deleted for null models with multiple parameters. Although there was considerable overlap in sample size, quantiles, and hypotheses where both the D and rank score tests maintained correct Type I error rates, we identified regions at smaller n and more extreme quantiles where one or the other maintained better error rates. Confidence intervals on parameters for an ecological application relating Lahontan cutthroat trout densities to stream channel width:depth were estimated by test inversion, demonstrating a smoother pattern of slightly narrower intervals across quantiles than those provided by the rank score test.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1198/108571106X96835","usgsCitation":"Cade, B.S., and Richards, J.D., 2006, A permutation test for quantile regression: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, v. 11, no. 1, p. 106-126, https://doi.org/10.1198/108571106X96835.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"126","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab830","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richards, Jon D.","contributorId":181580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richards","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79481,"text":"ofr20061336 - 2006 - History of the Fort Collins Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T14:08:50","indexId":"ofr20061336","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1336","title":"History of the Fort Collins Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey’s Fort Collins Science Center (\"the Center\") has been a nucleus of research, technology development, and associated scientific activities within the Department of the Interior for more than 30 years. The Center’s historical activities are deeply rooted in federal biological resources research and its supporting disciplines, particularly as they relate to the needs of the U.S. Department of the Interior and its resource management agencies. The organizational framework and activities of the Center have changed and adapted over the years in response to shifts in the scientific issues and challenges facing the U.S. Department of the Interior and with the development of new strategies to meet these challenges. Thus, the history of the Center has been dynamic.
\nThe Center has been nested within the U.S. Geological Survey since 1996. From 1993 to 1996 the Center was a major unit of the National Biological Service (named the National Biological Survey at its inception). This was a period of great organizational flux. During that time the Center comprised multiple field stations and science functions that prior to 1993 had been scattered among the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, the National Park Service, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. In 1993, certain biological research components of these agencies were assigned to join with the National Ecology Research Center, formerly one of the major research and development hubs of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This was the year when biological resources research in the U.S. Department of the Interior was consolidated by the Secretary of the Interior, who in an April 1993 memo explaining his intentions wrote, \"Our Department has, without doubt, the best biologists in the world.\" Soon after formation of the new agency, the Center was re-named the Midcontinent Ecological Science Center, reflecting its geographic location within the new Midcontinent administrative region of the National Biological Service (the other three original administrative regions were the eastern, western, and southern). The change in name to the Fort Collins Science Center took place in 2002, soon after the center moved to new facilities on the Colorado State University Natural Resources Research Campus.
\nAt various times during the period when it was part of the National Biological Service (1993–96), the Center served as the administrative and programmatic home base for a wide number of science activities in numerous Western states (table 1). This reflected the previous fragmentation of biological and related science efforts across resource management agencies in the U.S. Department of the Interior. The organization of the 2 Center within the National Biological Service was a manifestation of the desire of the Secretary of the Interior to consolidate its biological science activities in administratively independent entities that would ensure that the science retained its objectivity. Congress later recognized the need to maintain a hierarchical independence between biological science and resource management in the Department. However, Congress also saw that the U.S. Geological Survey, with its long history of objective science support to the nation in geology, water resources, geography, and remote sensing, was a suitable alternative home for these biological science functions. Thus, in 1996 Congress transferred the biological resources functions of the National Biological Service to the U.S. Geological Survey. Detailed overviews and opinions about the history and policy issues surrounding the formation and subsequent fate of the National Biological Service can be found elsewhere (for example Cohn, 1993, 2005; Kaufman, 1993; Kreeger, 1994; Pulliam, 1995, 1998a,b; Reichhardt, 1994; Wagner, 1999)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061336","usgsCitation":"O'Shea, T., 2006, History of the Fort Collins Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1336, iii, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061336.","productDescription":"iii, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194581,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061336.PNG"},{"id":320224,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1336/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bfed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Shea, Thomas J. (compiler)","contributorId":61117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"Thomas J. (compiler)","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1015172,"text":"1015172 - 2006 - Risk analysis for biological hazards: What we need to know about invasive species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T15:12:16","indexId":"1015172","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3300,"text":"Risk Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Risk analysis for biological hazards: What we need to know about invasive species","docAbstract":"Risk analysis for biological invasions is similar to other types of natural and human hazards. For example, risk analysis for chemical spills requires the evaluation of basic information on where a spill occurs; exposure level and toxicity of the chemical agent; knowledge of the physical processes involved in its rate and direction of spread; and potential impacts to the environment, economy, and human health relative to containment costs. Unlike typical chemical spills, biological invasions can have long lag times from introduction and establishment to successful invasion, they reproduce, and they can spread rapidly by physical and biological processes. We use a risk analysis framework to suggest a general strategy for risk analysis for invasive species and invaded habitats. It requires: (1) problem formation (scoping the problem, defining assessment endpoints); (2) analysis (information on species traits, matching species traits to suitable habitats, estimating exposure, surveys of current distribution and abundance); (3) risk characterization (understanding of data completeness, estimates of the “potential” distribution and abundance; estimates of the potential rate of spread; and probable risks, impacts, and costs); and (4) risk management (containment potential, costs, and opportunity costs; legal mandates and social considerations and information science and technology needs).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00707.x","usgsCitation":"Stohlgren, T., and Schnase, J., 2006, Risk analysis for biological hazards: What we need to know about invasive species: Risk Analysis, v. 26, no. 1, p. 163-173, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00707.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"173","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a11e4b07f02db60012b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schnase, J.L.","contributorId":62184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnase","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79482,"text":"ofr20061267 - 2006 - 2005 annual progress report: Elk and bison grazing ecology in the Great Sand Dunes complex of lands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T14:15:45","indexId":"ofr20061267","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1267","title":"2005 annual progress report: Elk and bison grazing ecology in the Great Sand Dunes complex of lands","docAbstract":"In 2000 the U.S. Congress authorized the expansion of the former Great Sand Dunes National Monument by establishing a new Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve in its place, and establishing the Baca National Wildlife Refuge. The establishment of Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve and the new Baca National Wildlife Refuge in the San Luis Valley (SLV), Colorado was one of the most significant land conservation actions in the western U.S. in recent years. The action was a result of cooperation between the National Park Service (NPS), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Bureau of Land Management (BLM), U.S. Forest Service (USDA-FS), and The Nature Conservancy (TNC). The new national park, when fully implemented, will consist of 107,265 acres, the new national preserve 41,872 acres, and the new national wildlife refuge (USFWS lands) 92,180 acres (fig. 1). The area encompassed by this designation protects a number of natural wonders and features including a unique ecosystem of natural sand dunes, the entire watershed of surface and groundwaters that are necessary to preserve and recharge the dunes and adjacent wetlands, a unique stunted forest, and other valuable riparian vegetation communities that support a host of associated wildlife and bird species.
\nWhen the National Park was initially established, there were concerns about overconcentrations and impacts on native plant communities of the unhunted segments of a large and possibly growing elk (Cervus elaphus) population. This led to the designation of the Preserve as a compromise solution, where the elk could be harvested. The Preserve Unit, however, will not address all the ungulate management challenges. In order to reduce the current elk population, harvests of elk may need to be aggressive. But aggressive special hunts of elk to achieve population reductions can result in elk avoidance of certain areas or elk seeking refuge in areas where they cannot be hunted, while removals of whole herd segments and abandonment or alterations of migration routes can occur (Smith and Robbins, 1994; Boyce and others, 1991). Elk may seek refuge from hunting in the newly expanded Park Unit and TNC lands where they might overconcentrate and impact unique vegetation communities. In these sites of refugia, or preferred loafing sites, elk and bison could accelerate a decline in woody riparian shrubs and trees. This decline may also be due to changes in hydrology, climatic, or dunal processes, but ungulate herbivory might exacerbate the effects of those processes.
\nTo address the questions and needs of local resource managers, a multi-agency research project was initiated in 2005 to study the ecology, forage relations, and habitat relations of elk and bison in the Great Sand Dunes–Sangre de Cristo–Baca complex of lands. Meetings and discussions of what this research should include were started in 2001 with representatives from NPS, USFWS, TNC, the Colorado Division of Wildlife (CDOW), and USDA-FS/BLM. The final study plan was successfully funded in 2004 with research scheduled to start in 2005. The research was designed to encompass three major study elements: (1) animal movements and population dynamics, (2) vegetation and nutrient effects from ungulate herbivory, and (3) development of ecological models, using empirical data collected from the first two components, that will include estimates of elk carrying capacity and management scenarios for resource managers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061267","usgsCitation":"Schoenecker, K.A., Lubow, B., Zeigenfuss, L., and Mao, J., 2006, 2005 annual progress report: Elk and bison grazing ecology in the Great Sand Dunes complex of lands: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1267, viii, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061267.","productDescription":"viii, 45 p.","numberOfPages":"53","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190612,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061267.PNG"},{"id":320220,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1267/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Baca National Wildlife Refuge, Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, San Luis Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.86975097656249,\n 37.54893261064109\n ],\n [\n -105.86975097656249,\n 37.913867495923746\n ],\n [\n -105.49072265625,\n 37.913867495923746\n ],\n [\n -105.49072265625,\n 37.54893261064109\n ],\n [\n -105.86975097656249,\n 37.54893261064109\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd491fe4b0b290850eee8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoenecker, Kate A.","contributorId":64343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenecker","given":"Kate","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lubow, Bruce C.","contributorId":59520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubow","given":"Bruce C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zeigenfuss, Linda 0000-0002-6700-8563 linda_zeigenfuss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6700-8563","contributorId":2079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeigenfuss","given":"Linda","email":"linda_zeigenfuss@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mao, Julie","contributorId":74460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mao","given":"Julie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}