{"pageNumber":"2463","pageRowStart":"61550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185117,"records":[{"id":70030661,"text":"70030661 - 2006 - Geochemical constraints on the genesis of the Scheelite dome intrusion-related gold deposit, Tombstone gold belt, Yukon, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030661","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical constraints on the genesis of the Scheelite dome intrusion-related gold deposit, Tombstone gold belt, Yukon, Canada","docAbstract":"The Scheelite dome intrusion-related gold deposit, western Selwyn basin, Yukon, is hosted in hornfelsed metasedimentary strata that lie adjacent to the exposed apices of a monzogranite to quartz monzonite plutonic complex of the mid-Cretaceous Tombstone-Tungsten magmatic belt, Tintina gold province, Alaska and Yukon. A variety of mineralization styles occur throughout a 10- ?? 3-km east-trending corridor and include reduced Au- and W-rich skarns, Au, W- and Ag-Pb-Zn-Sb-rich quartz tension-vein arrays, and multiphase fault veins and isolated zones of Au-rich sericite-carbonate altered rock. Integrated U-Pb SHRIMP data for magmatic zircon and Ar-Ar data for magmatic and hydrotbermal biotite indicate that gold mineralization occurred within 1 to 2 m.y. of magma emplacement. Fluid inclusion, oxygen isotope, and arsenopyrite geothermometry data indicate that hydrothermal minerals formed at depths of 6 to 9 km over a temperature range from <300?? to >550??C. High-temperature Au-rich skarns formed at >400??C, whereas vein-hosted mineralization formed at 280?? to 380??C. In skarns, Au is strongly associated with enrichments of Bi, Te, W, and As, whereas a variety of Au-rich veins occur, with Asrich (type 1), and Te- and W-rich (type 2) end members. Silver-Pb-Zn-Sb veins are typically Au poor and represent the latest and lowest temperature phase in the hydrothermal paragenesis. The fluid inclusion data indicate that all mineralization styles were formed from low-salinity (???4 wt % NaCl equiv) aqueous-carbonic fluids, consistent with the composition of fluid inclusions within infilled miarolitic cavities in the intrusive rocks. However, the nonaqueous fluid was predominantly CH4 in skarn, CO2 in Au-Te and Au-W veins, and a fluid with roughly equal amounts Of CO2, CH4, and N2 in Au-As and Ag-Pb-Zn-Sb veins. Oxygen isotope data are consistent with a mineralizing fluid of predominantly magmatic origin that was variably modified to more positive ??18O values during interaction with 18O-enriched metasedimentary strata. Sulfur isotope data suggest two possible sources of sulfur, a magmatic source characterized by ??34S values of approximately -5 to 0 per mil and sulfur from the metasedimentary country rocks characterized by more negative ??34S values of approximately -15 to -10 per mil. Collectively the data indicate that gold at Scheelite Dome was deposited from a magmatic-hydrothermal system. Interaction of magmatic fluids with graphitic hornfels rocks resulted in reduction of the ore fluids, higher CH4/CO2 ratios, and modification of the oxygen and sulfur isotope values of the ore fluids toward those of the metasedimentary hornfels. Progressive reduction and cooling of hydrotbermal fluids, in addition to phase separation in vein-hosted mineralization, were the mechanisms for gold deposition. Compared to other intrusion-related gold deposits associated with the Tombstone-Tungsten magmatic belt magmatism, exposed mineralization at Scheelite Dome is predominantly hosted by hornfelsed metasedimentary rocks. This results in more diverse mineralization styles and a greater spread of isotope and fluid inclusion data. ?? 2006 Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.101.3.523","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Mair, J., Goldfarb, R., Johnson, C.A., Hart, C., and Marsh, E., 2006, Geochemical constraints on the genesis of the Scheelite dome intrusion-related gold deposit, Tombstone gold belt, Yukon, Canada: Economic Geology, v. 101, no. 3, p. 523-553, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.101.3.523.","startPage":"523","endPage":"553","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211846,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.101.3.523"},{"id":239217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a15f7e4b0c8380cd54fe2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mair, J.L.","contributorId":24144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mair","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, C. A. 0000-0002-1334-2996","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":27492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hart, C.J.R.","contributorId":67228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"C.J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marsh, E.E.","contributorId":16628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030525,"text":"70030525 - 2006 - Population structure, persistence, and seasonality of autochthonous Escherichia coli in temperate, coastal forest soil from a Great Lakes watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T09:55:52","indexId":"70030525","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1548,"text":"Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population structure, persistence, and seasonality of autochthonous Escherichia coli in temperate, coastal forest soil from a Great Lakes watershed","docAbstract":"The common occurrence of Escherichia coli in temperate soils has previously been reported, however, there are few studies to date to characterize its source, distribution, persistent capability and genetic diversity. In this study, undisturbed, forest soils within six randomly selected 0.5 m2 exclosure plots (covered by netting of 2.3 mm2 mesh size) were monitored from March to October 2003 for E. coli in order to describe its numerical and population characteristics. Culturable E. coli occurred in 88% of the samples collected, with overall mean counts of 16 MPN g-1, ranging from <1 to 1657 (n = 66). Escherichia coli counts did not correlate with substrate moisture content, air, or soil temperatures, suggesting that seasonality were not a strong factor in population density control. Mean E. coli counts in soil samples (n = 60) were significantly higher inside than immediately outside the exclosures; E. coli distribution within the exclosures was patchy. Repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction (Rep-PCR) demonstrated genetic heterogeneity of E. coli within and among exclosure sites, and the soil strains were genetically distinct from animal (E. coli) strains tested (i.e. gulls, terns, deer and most geese). These results suggest that E. coli can occur and persist for extended periods in undisturbed temperate forest soils independent of recent allochthonous input and season, and that the soil E. coli populations formed a cohesive phylogenetic group in comparison to the set of fecal strains with which they were compared. Thus, in assessing E. coli sources within a stream, it is important to differentiate background soil loadings from inputs derived from animal and human fecal contamination. ?? 2005 Society for Applied Microbiology and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00916.x","issn":"14622912","usgsCitation":"Byappanahalli, M., Whitman, R., Shively, D., Sadowsky, M., and Ishii, S., 2006, Population structure, persistence, and seasonality of autochthonous Escherichia coli in temperate, coastal forest soil from a Great Lakes watershed: Environmental Microbiology, v. 8, no. 3, p. 504-513, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00916.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"504","endPage":"513","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211902,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00916.x"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7da4e4b0c8380cd7a090","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byappanahalli, M.N.","contributorId":11384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitman, R.L.","contributorId":69750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shively, D.A.","contributorId":78123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sadowsky, M.J.","contributorId":19337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sadowsky","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ishii, S.","contributorId":59613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishii","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030241,"text":"70030241 - 2006 - Beyond the obvious limits of ore deposits: The use of mineralogical, geochemical, and biological features for the remote detection of mineralization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030241","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beyond the obvious limits of ore deposits: The use of mineralogical, geochemical, and biological features for the remote detection of mineralization","docAbstract":"Far field features of ore deposits include mineralogical, geochemical, or biological attributes that can be recognized beyond the obvious limits of the deposits. They can be primary, if formed in association with mineralization or alteration processes, or secondary, if formed from the interaction of ore deposits with the hydrosphere and biosphere. This paper examines a variety of far field features of different ore deposit types and considers novel applications to exploration and discovery. Primary far field features include mineral and rock chemistry, isotopic or element halos, fluid pathways and thermal anomalies in host-rock sequences. Examples include the use of apatite chemistry to distinguish intrusive rocks permissive for iron oxide copper gold (IOCG) and porphyry deposits; resistate mineral (e.g., rutile, tourmaline) chemistry in exploration for volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS), orogenic gold, and porphyry deposits; and pyrite chemistry to vector toward sedimentary exhalative (sedex) deposits. Distinctive whole-rock geochemical signatures also can be recognized as a far field feature of porphyry deposits. For example, unique Sr/Y ratios in whole-rock samples, used to distinguish barren versus fertile magmas for Cu mineralization, result from the differentiation of oxidized hydrous melts. Anomalous concentrations of halogen elements (Cl, Br, and I) have been found for distances of up to 200 m away from some mineralized centers. Variations in isotopic composition between ore-bearing and barren intrusions and/or systematic vertical and lateral zonation in sulfur, carbon, or oxygen isotope values have been documented for some deposit types. Owing to the thermal aureole that extends beyond the area of mineralization for some deposits, detection of paleothermal effects through methods such as conodont alteration indices, vitrinite or bitumen reflectance, illite crystallinity, and apatite or zircon thermochronology studies also can be valuable, particularly for deposits with a low-temperature thermal history. A number of newly investigated secondary far field features include the development of reduced columns by electrochemical processes in transported overburden, geochemical dispersion related to the expulsion of groundwater from tectonic and seismic compression, dispersion of vapor above ore deposits, and geochemical dispersion related to biological processes. Redox gradients have been found between underlying reduced and overlying oxidized environments associated with sulfide bodies, which result in mass transfer through electro-chemical dispersion. Recent studies have characterized the pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and self potential (SP) in overburden overlying sulfide-hosted gold and VMS deposits. Lateral migration of metals in groundwater is well understood from normal groundwater flow, but the processes responsible for vertical mass transfer of groundwater and its dissolved components have been recognized only recently. One process, termed cyclical dilatancy pumping, expels groundwater during and after earthquake events, which can cause the redistribution of metals around deposits in some environments. Soil gases are of interest owing to their high degree of mobility through the vadose zone in transported overburden. Numerous soil gas species (CO2, O2, Hg, Rn, He, sulfur compounds, and light hydrocarbons) have been measured and interpreted as diagnostic of some buried mineral deposits, and some evidence suggests a possible link between vapor dispersion and metal enrichment in soil. Geochemical enrichment in plant material and soils through successive growth-death cycles is well established, but the important role of microorganisms is now increasingly evident. Microorganisms significantly enhance the kinetics of sulfide oxidation and influence the distribution of metals around ore deposits. The presence of metal-resistant bacteria and enhanced concentrations of sulfate-reducing bacteria in exotic overburd","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.101.4.729","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Kelley, D.L., Kelley, K., Coker, W., Caughlin, B., and Doherty, M., 2006, Beyond the obvious limits of ore deposits: The use of mineralogical, geochemical, and biological features for the remote detection of mineralization: Economic Geology, v. 101, no. 4, p. 729-752, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.101.4.729.","startPage":"729","endPage":"752","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211772,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.101.4.729"},{"id":239124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0d2e4b0c8380cd4a928","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelley, D. L.","contributorId":40976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelley, K.D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":75157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coker, W.B.","contributorId":90109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coker","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caughlin, B.","contributorId":20152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caughlin","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doherty, M.E.","contributorId":20153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030496,"text":"70030496 - 2006 - Increases in desert shrub productivity under elevated carbon dioxide vary with water availability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030496","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increases in desert shrub productivity under elevated carbon dioxide vary with water availability","docAbstract":"Productivity of aridland plants is predicted to increase substantially with rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations due to enhancement in plant water-use efficiency (WUE). However, to date, there are few detailed analyses of how intact desert vegetation responds to elevated CO2. From 1998 to 2001, we examined aboveground production, photosynthesis, and water relations within three species exposed to ambient (around 38 Pa) or elevated (55 Pa) CO2 concentrations at the Nevada Desert Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) Facility in southern Nevada, USA. The functional types sampled - evergreen (Larrea tridentata), drought-deciduous (Ambrosia dumosa), and winter-deciduous shrubs (Krameria erecta) - represent potentially different responses to elevated CO2 in this ecosystem. We found elevated CO2 significantly increased aboveground production in all three species during an anomalously wet year (1998), with relative production ratios (elevated:ambient CO2) ranging from 1.59 (Krameria) to 2.31 (Larrea). In three below-average rainfall years (1999-2001), growth was much reduced in all species, with only Ambrosia in 2001 having significantly higher production under elevated CO2. Integrated photosynthesis (mol CO2 m-2 y-1) in the three species was 1.26-2.03-fold higher under elevated CO2 in the wet year (1998) and 1.32-1.43-fold higher after the third year of reduced rainfall (2001). Instantaneous WUE was also higher in shrubs grown under elevated CO2. The timing of peak canopy development did not change under elevated CO2; for example, there was no observed extension of leaf longevity into the dry season in the deciduous species. Similarly, seasonal patterns in CO2 assimilation did not change, except for Larrea. Therefore, phenological and physiological patterns that characterize Mojave Desert perennials - early-season lags in canopy development behind peak photosynthetic capacity, coupled with reductions in late-season photosynthetic capacity prior to reductions in leaf area - were not significantly affected by elevated CO2. Together, these findings suggest that elevated CO2 can enhance the productivity of Mojave Desert shrubs, but this effect is most pronounced during years with abundant rainfall when soil resources are most available. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10021-005-0124-4","issn":"14329840","usgsCitation":"Housman, D., Naumburg, E., Huxman, T., Charlet, T., Nowak, R., and Smith, S., 2006, Increases in desert shrub productivity under elevated carbon dioxide vary with water availability: Ecosystems, v. 9, no. 3, p. 374-385, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-005-0124-4.","startPage":"374","endPage":"385","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211956,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-005-0124-4"},{"id":239346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39fee4b0c8380cd61afa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Housman, D.C.","contributorId":6236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Housman","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Naumburg, E.","contributorId":22144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naumburg","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huxman, T. E.","contributorId":33825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huxman","given":"T. E.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":427363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Charlet, T.N.","contributorId":52397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charlet","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nowak, R.S.","contributorId":104857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, S.D.","contributorId":49749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030679,"text":"70030679 - 2006 - Perchlorate in pleistocene and holocene groundwater in North-Central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T07:33:39","indexId":"70030679","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perchlorate in pleistocene and holocene groundwater in North-Central New Mexico","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">Groundwater from remote parts of the Middle Rio Grande Basin in north-central New Mexico has perchlorate (ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>) concentrations of 0.12−1.8 μg/L. Because the water samples are mostly preanthropogenic in age (0−28 000 years) and there are no industrial sources in the study area, a natural source of the ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>is likely. Most of the samples have Br<sup>-</sup>, Cl<sup>-</sup>, and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations that are similar to those of modern bulk atmospheric deposition with evapotranspiration (ET) factors of about 7−40. Most of the ET values for Pleistocene recharge were nearly twice that for Holocene recharge. The NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>/Cl<sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>/Cl<sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>ratios are more variable than those of Br<sup>-</sup>/Cl<sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>or SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>-</sup>/Cl<sup>-</sup>. Samples thought to have recharged under the most arid conditions in the Holocene have relatively high NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>/Cl<sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>ratios and low δ<sup>15</sup>N values (+1 per mil (‰)) similar to those of modern bulk atmospheric N deposition. The δ<sup>18</sup>O values of the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>(−4 to 0 ‰) indicate that atmospheric NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>was not transmitted directly to the groundwater but may have been cycled in the soils before infiltrating. Samples with nearly atmospheric NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>/Cl<sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>ratios have relatively high ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>concentrations (1.0−1.8 μg/L) with a nearly constant ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>/Cl<sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>mole ratio of (1.4 ± 0.1) × 10<sup>-</sup><sup>4</sup>, which would be consistent with an average ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentration of 0.093 ± 0.005 μg/L in bulk atmospheric deposition during the late Holocene in north-central NM. Samples thought to have recharged under wetter conditions have higher δ<sup>15</sup>N values (+3 to +8 ‰), lower NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>/Cl<sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>ratios, and lower ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>/Cl<sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>ratios than the ones most likely to preserve an atmospheric signal. Processes in the soils that may have depleted atmospherically derived NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>also may have depleted ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>to varying degrees prior to recharge. If these interpretations are correct, then ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations of atmospheric origin as high as 4 μg/L are possible in preanthropogenic groundwater in parts of the Southwest where ET approaches a factor of 40. Higher ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations in uncontaminated groundwater could occur in recharge beneath arid areas where ET is greater than 40, where long-term accumulations of atmospheric salts are leached suddenly from dry soils, or where other (nonatmospheric) natural sources of ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>exist.</p></div></div><div class=\"hlFld-Fulltext\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es051739h","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., Böhlke, J., and Doughten, M., 2006, Perchlorate in pleistocene and holocene groundwater in North-Central New Mexico: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 6, p. 1757-1763, https://doi.org/10.1021/es051739h.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1757","endPage":"1763","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212055,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es051739h"}],"volume":"40","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7672e4b0c8380cd78103","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doughten, M. W.","contributorId":101648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doughten","given":"M. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031193,"text":"70031193 - 2006 - Foraging destinations and marine habitat use of short-tailed albatrosses: A multi-scale approach using first-passage time analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031193","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraging destinations and marine habitat use of short-tailed albatrosses: A multi-scale approach using first-passage time analysis","docAbstract":"We used satellite telemetry, remotely sensed data (bathymetry, chlorophyll a (chl a), sea-surface temperature (SST), wind speed) and first-passage time (FPT) analysis to determine the distribution, movement patterns, and habitat associations of short-tailed albatrosses (Phoebastria albatrus) during the non-breeding season, 2002 and 2003. Satellite transmitters were deployed on birds immediately prior to their departure from a breeding colony at Torishima, Japan (n = 11), or at-sea in the Aleutian Islands (n = 3). Tracking durations ranged from 51 to 138 days for a total of 6709 locations after filtering (131 - 808 per bird). FPT (time required to transit a circle of given radius) revealed the location and spatial scale of area-restricted search (ARS) patterns along flight paths. On average, ARS occurred within 70 km radii. Consequently, the fit of the habitat use models increased at spatial scales beyond a 40 km FPT radius (R2 = 0.31) and stabilized for scales of 70 km and larger (R2=0.40- 0.51). At all scales, wind speed, depth or depth gradient, and chl a or chl a gradient had a significant effect on FPT (i.e., residence time). FPT increased within regions of higher gradients of depth and chl a. In contrast, FPT decreased within regions of greater depth and wind speed, with a significant interaction of wind speed and depth at some scales. Sea-surface temperature or its interactions were only significant at large spatial scales (???160 km FPT radius). Albatrosses engaged in ARS activities primarily over the shelf break and slope, including Kuroshio and Oyashio regions off the western subarctic gyre. Occasionally, birds transited the northern boundary of the Kuroshio Extension while in-route to the Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea, but overall spent little time in the western gyre. In the Aleutian Islands, ARS occurred within straits, particularly along the central and western part of the archipelago. In the Bering Sea, ARS occurred along the northern continental shelf break, the Kamchatka Current region, and east of the Commander Islands. Non-breeding short-tailed albatross concentrate foraging in oceanic areas characterized by gradients in topography and water column productivity. This study provides an understanding of the foraging ecology for a highly migratory, imperiled seabird, and confirms the importance of shelf break and slope regions as hot spots for a variety of top marine predators in the North Pacific.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.01.012","issn":"09670645","usgsCitation":"Suryan, R., Sato, F., Balogh, G., David, H., Sievert, P., and Ozaki, K., 2006, Foraging destinations and marine habitat use of short-tailed albatrosses: A multi-scale approach using first-passage time analysis: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 53, no. 3-4, p. 370-386, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.01.012.","startPage":"370","endPage":"386","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211550,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.01.012"},{"id":238852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12f7e4b0c8380cd54482","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suryan, R.M.","contributorId":52919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suryan","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sato, F.","contributorId":34718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sato","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balogh, G.R.","contributorId":74349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balogh","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"David, Hyrenbach K.","contributorId":38358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"David","given":"Hyrenbach K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sievert, P.R.","contributorId":104858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sievert","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ozaki, K.","contributorId":103470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozaki","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030879,"text":"70030879 - 2006 - Carbon isotopic fractionation of CH4 and CO2 during canister desorption of coal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030879","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon isotopic fractionation of CH4 and CO2 during canister desorption of coal","docAbstract":"Canister desorption of coal gas from freshly sampled coal is commonly used for exploratory assessment of the coalbed methane (CBM) potential of a basin or prospect, as well as for the sampling of gas for isotopic determination of the gas origin. Compositional and ??13C isotopic time-series of desorbing CBM and carbon dioxide (CO2) over 3-4 months demonstrate considerable compositional and isotopic shifts over time. Non-stationary chemical and isotopic characteristics are due to differences in diffusivity and adsorbance behavior of gas molecules and must be taken into account when attempting to reproducibly sample coal gases. Off-line gas processing on a vacuum line and on-line GC/MS analyses were performed on coal gas samples from the Springfield and Seelyville Coal Members of the Pennsylvanian age that were cored in the SE Illinois Basin in SW Indiana, USA. The coals cover a narrow range of maturity from 0.54% to 0.64% vitrinite reflectance. Methane initially desorbed faster than CO2, resulting in a 50% increase of the CO 2 content in bulk desorbing gas on the 50th day relative to the first day of desorption. After 50 days of desorption, about 90% of all coal gas was desorbed. Over the same time period, ??13C values of incrementally sampled coal gas increased by 2??? and 9???, for CH 4 and CO2, respectively, testifying to the greater retention of 13CH4 and 13CO2 relative to 12CH4 and 12CO2. An isotopic mass balance of the individual, sequentially desorbed and sampled gas amounts yielded weighted mean ??13CCH4 and ??13CCO2 values for characterizing the cumulatively desorbed gas. The overall mean ??13C values were equivalent to ??13C values of gases that desorbed at a time when half of the potentially available gas had been desorbed from coal, corresponding in this study to a time between day 5 and day 12 of canister desorption at 15-18??C. The total expected gas volume and the ???50% midpoint can thus be approximated for a desorbing coal gas sample, based on a dynamic prediction after the first five days of canister desorption. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.10.002","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Strapoc, D., Schimmelmann, A., and Mastalerz, M., 2006, Carbon isotopic fractionation of CH4 and CO2 during canister desorption of coal: Organic Geochemistry, v. 37, no. 2, p. 152-164, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.10.002.","startPage":"152","endPage":"164","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211612,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.10.002"},{"id":238929,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f369e4b0c8380cd4b7c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strapoc, D.","contributorId":42693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strapoc","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schimmelmann, A.","contributorId":28348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimmelmann","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030277,"text":"70030277 - 2006 - Estimation of temporary emigration in male toads","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-14T14:39:10","indexId":"70030277","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of temporary emigration in male toads","docAbstract":"<p>Male boreal toads (Bufo boreas) are thought to return to the breeding site every year but, if absent in a particular year, will be more likely to return the following year. Using Pollock's robust design we estimated temporary emigration (the probability a male toad is absent from a breeding site in a given year) at three locations in Colorado, USA: two in Rocky Mountain National Park and one in Chaffee County. We present data that suggest that not all male toads return to the breeding site every year. Our analyses indicate that temporary emigration varies by site and time (for example, from 1992 to 1998, the probability of temporary emigration ranged from 10% to 29% and from 3% to 95% at Lost Lake and Kettle Tarn, respectively). Although the results provide weak evidence that males are more likely to return after a year's hiatus, a general pattern of state-dependent temporary emigration was not supported. We also hypothesized relationships between temporary emigration and a number of weather variables. While some competitive models included weather covariates, imprecise and variable estimates of the effects of these covariates precluded fully defining their impact on temporary emigration. ?? 2006 by the Ecological Society of America.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1048:EOTEIM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Muths, E., Scherer, R.D., Corn, P., and Lambert, B., 2006, Estimation of temporary emigration in male toads: Ecology, v. 87, no. 4, p. 1048-1056, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1048:EOTEIM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1048","endPage":"1056","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239195,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Chaffee County","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.05029296875,\n              37.03763967977139\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.05029296875,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.9970703125,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.9970703125,\n              37.03763967977139\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.05029296875,\n              37.03763967977139\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bb4e4b0c8380cd52833","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muths, E.","contributorId":6394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scherer, R. D.","contributorId":8061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scherer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6674,"text":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":426439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corn, P.S.","contributorId":63751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lambert, B.A.","contributorId":58378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030290,"text":"70030290 - 2006 - Sedimentary deposits of the 26 December 2004 tsunami on the northwest coast of Aceh, Indonesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-17T22:05:58","indexId":"70030290","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1430,"text":"Earth, Planets and Space","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary deposits of the 26 December 2004 tsunami on the northwest coast of Aceh, Indonesia","docAbstract":"The 2004 Sumatra-Andaman tsunami flooded coastal northern Sumatra to a depth of over 20 m, deposited a discontinuous sheet of sand up to 80 cm thick, and left mud up to 5 km inland. In most places the sand sheet is normally graded, and in some it contains complex internal stratigraphy. Structures within the sand sheet may record the passage of up to 3 individual waves. We studied the 2004 tsunami deposits in detail along a flow-parallel transect about 400 m long, 16 km southwest of Banda Aceh. Near the shore along this transect, the deposit is thin or absent. Between 50 and 400 m inland it ranges in thickness from 5 to 20 cm. The main trend in thickness is a tendency to thicken by filling low spots, most dramatically at pre-existing stream channels. Deposition generally attended inundation - along the transect, the tsunami deposited sand to within about 40 m of the inundation limit. Although the tsunami deposit contains primarily material indistinguishable from material found on the beach one month after the event, it also contains grain sizes and compositions unavailable on the current beach. Along the transect we studied, these grains become increasingly dominant both landward and upward in the deposit; possibly some landward source of sediment was exposed and exploited by the passage of the waves. The deposit also contains the unabraded shells of subtidal marine organisms, suggesting that at least part of the deposit came from offshore. Grain sizes within the deposit tend to fine upward and landward, although individual units within the deposit appear massive, or show reverse grading. Sorting becomes better landward, although the most landward sites generally become poorly sorted from the inclusion of soil clasts. These sites commonly show interlayering of sandy units and soil clast units. Deposits from the 2004 tsunami in Sumatra demonstrate the complex nature of the deposits of large tsunamis. Unlike the deposits of smaller tsunamis, internal stratigraphy is complex, and will require some effort to understand. The Sumatra deposits also show the contribution of multiple sediment sources, each of which has its own composition and grain size. Such complexity may allow more accurate modeling of flow depth and flow velocity for paleotsunamis, if an understanding of how tsunami hydraulics affect sedimentation can be established. Copyright ?? The Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences (SGEPSS); The Seismological Society of Japan; The Volcanological Society of Japan; The Geodetic Society of Japan; The Japanese Society for Planetary Sciences; TERRAPUB.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth, Planets and Space","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"13438832","usgsCitation":"Moore, A., Nishimura, Y., Gelfenbaum, G., Kamataki, T., and Triyono, R., 2006, Sedimentary deposits of the 26 December 2004 tsunami on the northwest coast of Aceh, Indonesia: Earth, Planets and Space, v. 58, no. 2, p. 253-258.","startPage":"253","endPage":"258","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265850,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/EPS/pdf/2006/5802/58020253.pdf"}],"volume":"58","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a18e4b08c986b317027","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, A.","contributorId":29351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nishimura, Y.","contributorId":58442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishimura","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, G.","contributorId":72429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kamataki, T.","contributorId":32341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamataki","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Triyono, R.","contributorId":13435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triyono","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028262,"text":"70028262 - 2006 - The chemical quality of self-supplied domestic well water in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T10:16:21","indexId":"70028262","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The chemical quality of self-supplied domestic well water in the United States","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Existing water quality data collected from domestic wells were summarized to develop the first national‐scale retrospective of self‐supplied drinking water sources. The contaminants evaluated represent a range of inorganic and organic compounds, and although the data set was not originally designed to be a statistical representation of national occurrence, it encompasses large parts of the United States including at least some wells sampled in every state and Puerto Rico. Inorganic contaminants were detected in many of the wells, and concentrations exceeded the U.S. EPA maximum contaminant levels (MCLs; federal drinking water standards used to regulate public drinking water quality) more often than organic contaminants. Of the inorganic constituents evaluated, arsenic concentrations exceeded the MCL (10 μg/L) in ∼11% of the 7580 wells evaluated, nitrate exceeded the MCL (10 mg/L) in ∼8% of the 3465 wells evaluated, uranium‐238 exceeded the MCL (30 μg/L) in ∼4% of the wells, and radon‐222 exceeded 300 and 4000 pCi/L (potential drinking water standards currently under review by the U.S. EPA) in ∼75% and 9% of the wells, respectively. The MCLs for total mercury and fluoride were each exceeded in &lt;1% of the wells evaluated. The MCL was exceeded in &lt;1% of all wells for all anthropogenically derived organic contaminants evaluated and was not exceeded for many contaminants. In addition, 10 contaminants evaluated do not currently have an MCL. Atrazine, however, was detected in 24% of the wells evaluated and was the most frequently detected organic contaminant of the 28 organic contaminants evaluated in this study. Simazine and metolachlor each were detected in ∼9% of all wells and tied for second in frequency of detection for organic contaminants. The third and fourth most frequently detected organic contaminants were methyl<span>&nbsp;</span><i>tert</i>‐butyl ether (MTBE) (6%) and chloroform (5%), respectively. Because the water quality of domestic wells is not federally regulated or nationally monitored, this study provides a unique, previously nonexistent, perspective on the quality of the self‐supplied drinking water resources used by ∼45 million Americans in the United States.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00089.x","issn":"10693629","usgsCitation":"Focazio, M.J., Tipton, D., Shapiro, S.D., and Geiger, L.H., 2006, The chemical quality of self-supplied domestic well water in the United States: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 26, no. 3, p. 92-104, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00089.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"104","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210267,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00089.x"},{"id":237136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa2ce4b08c986b322744","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Focazio, Michael J. 0000-0003-0967-5576 mfocazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0967-5576","contributorId":1276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"Michael","email":"mfocazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tipton, D.","contributorId":58453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tipton","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shapiro, Stephanie Dunkle","contributorId":82738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"Dunkle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geiger, Linda H.","contributorId":91113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geiger","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028847,"text":"70028847 - 2006 - Sizing up oil on Alaska's North Slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028847","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sizing up oil on Alaska's North Slope","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotimes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00168556","usgsCitation":"Bird, K.J., and Houseknecht, D., 2006, Sizing up oil on Alaska's North Slope: Geotimes, v. 51, no. 11, p. 24-27.","startPage":"24","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9125e4b08c986b31978a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bird, K. J.","contributorId":57824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bird","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houseknecht, D.W. 0000-0002-9633-6910","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":33695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028671,"text":"70028671 - 2006 - Earthquake ground-motion prediction equations for eastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70028671","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake ground-motion prediction equations for eastern North America","docAbstract":"New earthquake ground-motion relations for hard-rock and soil sites in eastern North America (ENA), including estimates of their aleatory uncertainty (variability) have been developed based on a stochastic finite-fault model. The model incorporates new information obtained from ENA seismographic data gathered over the past 10 years, including three-component broadband data that provide new information on ENA source and path effects. Our new prediction equations are similar to the previous ground-motion prediction equations of Atkinson and Boore (1995), which were based on a stochastic point-source model. The main difference is that high-frequency amplitudes (f ??? 5 Hz) are less than previously predicted (by about a factor of 1.6 within 100 km), because of a slightly lower average stress parameter (140 bars versus 180 bars) and a steeper near-source attenuation. At frequencies less than 5 Hz, the predicted ground motions from the new equations are generally within 25% of those predicted by Atkinson and Boore (1995). The prediction equations agree well with available ENA ground-motion data as evidenced by near-zero average residuals (within a factor of 1.2) for all frequencies, and the lack of any significant residual trends with distance. However, there is a tendency to positive residuals for moderate events at high frequencies in the distance range from 30 to 100 km (by as much as a factor of 2). This indicates epistemic uncertainty in the prediction model. The positive residuals for moderate events at < 100 km could be eliminated by an increased stress parameter, at the cost of producing negative residuals in other magnitude-distance ranges; adjustment factors to the equations are provided that may be used to model this effect.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050245","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Atkinson, G.M., and Boore, D., 2006, Earthquake ground-motion prediction equations for eastern North America: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 6, p. 2181-2205, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050245.","startPage":"2181","endPage":"2205","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209793,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050245"},{"id":236508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a04eee4b0c8380cd50b99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atkinson, G. M.","contributorId":69283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028360,"text":"70028360 - 2006 - Cometary impact and amino acid survival - Chemical kinetics and thermochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028360","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2424,"text":"Journal of Physical Chemistry A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cometary impact and amino acid survival - Chemical kinetics and thermochemistry","docAbstract":"The Arrhenius parameters for the initiating reactions in butane thermolysis and the formation of soot, reliable to at least 3000 K, have been applied to the question of the survival of amino acids in cometary impacts on early Earth. The pressure/temperature/time course employed here was that developed in hydrocode simulations for kilometer-sized comets (Pierazzo and Chyba, 1999), with attention to the track below 3000 K where it is shown that potential stabilizing effects of high pressure become unimportant kinetically. The question of survival can then be considered without the need for assignment of activation volumes and the related uncertainties in their application to extreme conditions. The exercise shows that the characteristic times for soot formation in the interval fall well below the cooling periods for impacts ranging from fully vertical down to about 9?? above horizontal. Decarboxylation, which emerges as more rapid than soot formation below 2000-3000 K, continues further down to extremely narrow impact angles, and accordingly cometa??ry delivery of amino acids to early Earth is highly unlikely. ?? 2006 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Physical Chemistry A","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/jp054848r","issn":"10895639","usgsCitation":"Ross, D., 2006, Cometary impact and amino acid survival - Chemical kinetics and thermochemistry: Journal of Physical Chemistry A, v. 110, no. 21, p. 6633-6637, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp054848r.","startPage":"6633","endPage":"6637","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210212,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp054848r"},{"id":237065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7e4e4b0c8380cd4cd69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, D.S.","contributorId":33867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70028248,"text":"70028248 - 2006 - Mortality and pathology in brown bullheads Amieurus nebulosus associated with a spontaneous Edwardsiella ictaluri outbreak under tank culture conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T11:05:36","indexId":"70028248","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mortality and pathology in brown bullheads Amieurus nebulosus associated with a spontaneous Edwardsiella ictaluri outbreak under tank culture conditions","docAbstract":"Brown bullheads Amieurus nebulosus (family Ictaluridae) are commonly used as a sentinel of environmental contamination. These fish are not generally cultured under laboratory conditions and little is known about their disease susceptibility. Here we report an outbreak of disease due to Edwardsiella ictaluri in a laboratory population of tank-reared, wild-caught brown bullheads. The isolate was positively identified as E. ictaluri using standard bacteriological substrate utilization tests and a monoclonal antibody specific for this bacterium. This pathogen causes a significant disease in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus and is associated with disease in other ictalurid and non-ictalurid fishes. It appears that E. ictaluri is also a significant pathogen in brown bullheads and produces clinical signs and lesions similar but not identical to those observed in channel catfish. Since commercial sources of bullheads for laboratory tank studies are not available, precautions should be taken to prevent potential E. ictaluri disease outbreaks from wild-caught bullheads intended for laboratory research. ?? Inter-Research 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","issn":"01775103","usgsCitation":"Iwanowicz, L., Griffin, A., Cartwright, D.D., and Blazer, V., 2006, Mortality and pathology in brown bullheads Amieurus nebulosus associated with a spontaneous Edwardsiella ictaluri outbreak under tank culture conditions: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 70, no. 3, p. 219-225.","productDescription":"p.219-225","startPage":"219","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":265911,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.int-res.com/articles/dao2006/70/d070p219.pdf"},{"id":236884,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e6ce4b0c8380cd70a27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iwanowicz, L. R. 0000-0002-1197-6178","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1197-6178","contributorId":43864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"L. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffin, A.R.","contributorId":79281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cartwright, Deborah D.","contributorId":28202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartwright","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028111,"text":"70028111 - 2006 - The heartbeat of the volcano: The discovery of episodic activity at Prometheus on Io","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-07T08:31:55","indexId":"70028111","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The heartbeat of the volcano: The discovery of episodic activity at Prometheus on Io","docAbstract":"<p><span>The temporal signature of&nbsp;thermal emission&nbsp;from a volcano is a valuable clue to the processes taking place both at and beneath the surface. The&nbsp;</span><i>Galileo</i><span>&nbsp;Near Infrared Mapping&nbsp;Spectrometer&nbsp;(NIMS) observed the volcano Prometheus, on the jovian moon Io, on multiple occasions between 1996 and 2002. The 5 micron (μm) brightness of this volcano shows considerable variation from orbit to orbit. Prometheus exhibits increases in thermal emission that indicate episodic (though non-periodic) effusive activity in a manner akin to the current Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha (afterwards referred to as the Pu'u 'O'o) eruption of Kilauea, Hawai'i. The volume of material erupted during one Prometheus eruption episode (defined as the interval from minimum thermal emission to peak and back to minimum) from 6 November 1996 to 7 May 1997 is estimated to be ∼0.8 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>, with a peak instantaneous volumetric flux (effusion rate) of ∼140 m</span><sup>3</sup><span> s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, and an averaged volumetric flux (eruption rate) of ∼49 m</span><sup>3</sup><span> s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. These quantities are used to model subsurface structure,&nbsp;magma&nbsp;storage and magma supply mechanisms, and likely&nbsp;magma chamber&nbsp;depth. Prometheus appears to be supplied by magma from a relatively shallow magma chamber, with a roof at a minimum depth of ∼2–3 km and a maximum depth of ∼14 km. This is a much shallower depth range than sources of supply proposed for explosive, possibly ultramafic, eruptions at Pillan and Tvashtar. As Prometheus-type effusive activity is widespread on Io, shallow magma chambers containing magma of basaltic or near-basaltic composition and density may be common. This analysis strengthens the analogy between Prometheus and Pu'u 'O'o, at least in terms of eruption style. Even though the style of eruption appears to be similar (effusive emplacement of thin, insulated, compound&nbsp;pahoehoe&nbsp;flows) the scale of activity at Prometheus greatly exceeds current activity at Pu'u 'O'o in terms of volume erupted, area covered, and magma flux. Whereas the estimated magma chamber at Prometheus dwarfs the Pu'u 'O'o magma chamber, it fits within expectations if the Pu'u 'O'o chamber were scaled for the greater volumetric flux and&nbsp;lower gravity&nbsp;of Io. Recent volumetric eruption rates derived from&nbsp;</span><i>Galileo</i><span>data for Prometheus were considerably smaller than the rate that produced the extensive flows formed in the ∼17 years between the&nbsp;</span><i>Voyager</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Galileo</i><span>&nbsp;missions. These smaller eruption rates, coupled with the fact that flows are not expanding laterally, may mean that the immediate&nbsp;heat source&nbsp;that generates the Prometheus plume is simultaneously running out of available volatiles and the&nbsp;thermal energy&nbsp;that drives mobilization of volatiles. This raises the question of whether the current Prometheus eruption is in its last throes.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2006.05.012","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Davies, A., Wilson, L., Matson, D., Leone, G., Keszthelyi, L., and Jaeger, W.L., 2006, The heartbeat of the volcano: The discovery of episodic activity at Prometheus on Io: Icarus, v. 184, no. 2, p. 460-477, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2006.05.012.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"460","endPage":"477","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210040,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2006.05.012"}],"volume":"184","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacb1e4b08c986b323686","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davies, Ashley G.","contributorId":36827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"Ashley G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Lionel","contributorId":82203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Lionel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Matson, Dennis","contributorId":210503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matson","given":"Dennis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leone, Giovanni","contributorId":18250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leone","given":"Giovanni","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jaeger, Windy L.","contributorId":61679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeger","given":"Windy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028643,"text":"70028643 - 2006 - Biogeochemical transport in the Loxahatchee River estuary, Florida: The role of submarine groundwater discharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028643","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeochemical transport in the Loxahatchee River estuary, Florida: The role of submarine groundwater discharge","docAbstract":"The distributions of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), Ba, U, and a suite of naturally occurring radionuclides in the U/Th decay series (222Rn, 223,224,226,228Ra) were studied during high- and low-discharge conditions in the Loxahatchee River estuary, Florida to examine the role of submarine groundwater discharge in estuarine transport. The fresh water endmember of this still relatively pristine estuary may reflect not only river-borne constituents, but also those advected during active groundwater/surface water (hyporheic) exchange. During both discharge conditions, Ba concentrations indicated slight non-conservative mixing. Such Ba excesses could be attributed either to submarine groundwater discharge or particle desorption processes. Estuarine dissolved organic carbon concentrations were highest at salinities closest to zero. Uranium distributions were lowest in the fresh water sites and mixed mostly conservatively with an increase in salinity. Suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations were generally lowest (< 5??mg L- 1) close to zero salinity and increased several-fold (??? 18??mg L- 1; low discharge) toward the seaward endmember, which may be attributed to dynamic resuspension of bottom sediments within Jupiter Inlet. Surface water-column 222Rn activities were most elevated (> 28??dpm L- 1) at the freshwater endmember of the estuary and appear to identify regions of the river most influenced by the discharge of fresh groundwater. Activities of four naturally occurring isotopes of Ra (223,224,226,228Ra) in this estuary and select adjacent shallow groundwater wells yield mean estuarine water-mass transit times of less than 1 day; these values are in close agreement to those calculated by tidal prism and tidal frequency. Submarine groundwater discharge rates to the Loxahatchee River estuary were calculated using a tidal prism approach, an excess 226Ra mass balance, and an electromagnetic seepage meter. Average SGD rates ranged from 1.0 to 3.8 ?? 105??m3 d- 1 (20-74??L m- 2 d- 1), depending on river-discharge stage. Such calculated SGD estimates, which must include both a recirculated as well as fresh water component, are in close agreement with results obtained from a first-order watershed mass balance. Average submarine groundwater discharge rates yield NH4+ and PO4- 3 flux estimates to the Loxahatchee River estuary that range from 62.7 to 1063.1 and 69.2 to 378.5????mol m- 2 d- 1, respectively, depending on river stage. SGD-derived nutrient flux rates are compared to yearly computed riverine total N and total P load estimates. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2006.03.007","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, P., Orem, W., McPherson, B.F., Baskaran, M., and Wan, Y., 2006, Biogeochemical transport in the Loxahatchee River estuary, Florida: The role of submarine groundwater discharge: Marine Chemistry, v. 101, no. 3-4, p. 248-265, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2006.03.007.","startPage":"248","endPage":"265","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209841,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2006.03.007"},{"id":236572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f156e4b0c8380cd4abd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orem, W. H. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":93084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McPherson, B. F.","contributorId":62983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baskaran, M.","contributorId":96627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskaran","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wan, Y.","contributorId":51519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wan","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028316,"text":"70028316 - 2006 - A static predictor of seismic demand on frames based on a post-elastic deflected shape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028316","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1434,"text":"Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A static predictor of seismic demand on frames based on a post-elastic deflected shape","docAbstract":"Predictors of seismic structural demands (such as inter-storey drift angles) that are less time-consuming than nonlinear dynamic analysis have proven useful for structural performance assessment and for design. Luco and Cornell previously proposed a simple predictor that extends the idea of modal superposition (of the first two modes) with the square-root-of-sum-of-squares (SRSS) rule by taking a first-mode inelastic spectral displacement into account. This predictor achieved a significant improvement over simply using the response of an elastic oscillator; however, it cannot capture well large displacements caused by local yielding. A possible improvement of Luco's predictor is discussed in this paper, where it is proposed to consider three enhancements: (i) a post-elastic first-mode shape approximated by the deflected shape from a nonlinear static pushover analysis (NSPA) at the step corresponding to the maximum drift of an equivalent inelastic single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system, (ii) a trilinear backbone curve for the SDOF system, and (iii) the elastic third-mode response for long-period buildings. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed predictor is less biased and results in less dispersion than Luco's original predictor. Copyright ?? 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/eqe.587","issn":"00988847","usgsCitation":"Mori, Y., Yamanaka, T., Luco, N., and Cornell, C., 2006, A static predictor of seismic demand on frames based on a post-elastic deflected shape: Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, v. 35, no. 10, p. 1295-1318, https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.587.","startPage":"1295","endPage":"1318","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210051,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.587"},{"id":236853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5ace4b0c8380cd46eea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mori, Y.","contributorId":66902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mori","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yamanaka, T.","contributorId":10601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamanaka","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luco, N.","contributorId":34240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luco","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cornell, C.A.","contributorId":36238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornell","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028265,"text":"70028265 - 2006 - Airborne lidar sensing of massive stony coral colonies on patch reefs in the northern Florida reef tract","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T13:47:48","indexId":"70028265","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Airborne lidar sensing of massive stony coral colonies on patch reefs in the northern Florida reef tract","docAbstract":"In this study we examined the ability of the NASA Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) to discriminate cluster zones of massive stony coral colonies on northern Florida reef tract (NFRT) patch reefs based on their topographic complexity (rugosity). Spatially dense EAARL laser submarine topographic soundings acquired in August 2002 were used to create a 1-m resolution digital rugosity map for adjacent NFRT study areas characterized by patch reefs (Region A) and diverse substratums (Region B). In both regions, sites with lidar-sensed rugosities above 1.2 were imaged by an along-track underwater videography system that incorporated the acquisition of instantaneous GPS positions. Subsequent manual interpretation of videotape segments was performed to identify substratum types that caused elevated lidar-sensed rugosity. Our study determined that massive coral colony formation, modified by subsequent physical and biological processes that breakdown patch reef framework, was the primary source of topographic complexity sensed by the EAARL in the NFRT. Sites recognized by lidar scanning to be topographically complex preferentially occurred around the margins of patch reefs, constituted a minor fraction of the reef system, and usually reflected the presence of massive coral colonies in cluster zones, or their derivatives created by mortality, bioerosion, and physical breakdown.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2006.04.017","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Brock, J.C., Wright, C.W., Kuffner, I., Hernandez, R., and Thompson, P., 2006, Airborne lidar sensing of massive stony coral colonies on patch reefs in the northern Florida reef tract: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 104, no. 1, p. 31-42, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.04.017.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"42","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210289,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.04.017"},{"id":237167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"104","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e924e4b0c8380cd48104","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brock, J. C.","contributorId":36095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, C. W. wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":49758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuffner, I. B.","contributorId":40328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuffner","given":"I. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hernandez, R.","contributorId":9840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernandez","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, P.","contributorId":70987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029292,"text":"70029292 - 2006 - Combined time-series resistivity and geochemical tracer techniques to examine submarine groundwater discharge at Dor Beach, Israel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:49","indexId":"70029292","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combined time-series resistivity and geochemical tracer techniques to examine submarine groundwater discharge at Dor Beach, Israel","docAbstract":"A high-resolution, stationary geophysical and geochemical survey was conducted at Dor Beach, Israel, to examine the shallow coastal hydrogeology and its control on the exchange of submarine groundwater with the shallow Mediterranean Sea. Time-series resistivity profiles using a new 56 electrode (112-m long) marine cable produced detailed profiles of the fresh water/salt water interface and the subtle response of this interface to tidal excursions and other forcing factors. Such information, when ground-truthed with representative pore water salinities and formation resistivity values, can provide unique information of the extent and rates of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). Time-series 222Rn measurements of the adjacent coastal water column complemented these geophysical techniques and were modeled to yield integrated advective flow rates across the sediment/water interface, which at Dor Beach ranged from about 0 to 30 cm day-1 (mean = 7.1 cm d-1), depending on the tidal range. Such results suggest that the underlying hydrogeologic framework at Dor is favorable for substantial SGD. Extrapolating these SGD estimates across a 100-m wide coastal zone implies that the Rn-derived SGD rate would equal ???7.1 m3 d-1 per m of shoreline, and that the source of this discharging groundwater is a complex mixture of fresh groundwater derived from the upland Kurkar deposits, as well as locally recycled seawater. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006GL028282","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, P., Burnett, W.C., Greenwood, W., Herut, B., Peterson, R., Dimova, N., Shalem, Y., Yechieli, Y., and Weinstein, Y., 2006, Combined time-series resistivity and geochemical tracer techniques to examine submarine groundwater discharge at Dor Beach, Israel: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, no. 24, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL028282.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477535,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl028282","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210864,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL028282"}],"volume":"33","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7dae4b0c8380cd4cd2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnett, W. C.","contributorId":39779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burnett","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greenwood, W.J.","contributorId":33518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenwood","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herut, B.","contributorId":101444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herut","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterson, R.","contributorId":69773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dimova, N.","contributorId":66051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dimova","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shalem, Y.","contributorId":84971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shalem","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Yechieli, Y.","contributorId":23308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yechieli","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Weinstein, Y.","contributorId":100186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weinstein","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70028535,"text":"70028535 - 2006 - Lesser scaup winter foraging and nutrient reserve acquisition in east-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028535","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lesser scaup winter foraging and nutrient reserve acquisition in east-central Florida","docAbstract":"Lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) populations have been declining since the late 1970s. One of the explanations to account for this decline, the spring-condition hypothesis (SCH), is based on the premise that scaup are limited by their ability to acquire or maintain nutrient reserves during migration to the breeding grounds, leading to an impairment of their reproductive potential. Available evidence suggests that endogenous reserves required for reproduction are obtained at a later stage of migration or after arrival at the breeding grounds, not wintering sites. However, only one study has addressed body-condition levels on a southern wintering site in the last decade, with results limited to the wintering grounds on the Mississippi Flyway. We documented foraging behavior, nutrient levels, and body mass of lesser scaup in east-central Florida, USA, where 62% of the Atlantic Flyway population overwinters, during the winters of 2002 and 2003. Diurnal foraging did not increase seasonally. Nocturnal foraging increased seasonally by 76% or 43 minutes per night in females and by 478% or 1.9 hours per night in males. Measures of body condition did not change seasonally during 2002 for either sex. Between early and later winter in 2003 corrected body mass (CBM) and lipid reserves of male scaup increased 77 g and 39 g, respectively. Our results suggest that lesser scaup maintain or may slightly improve their physiological condition in east-central Florida during winter. Lower body mass and differences in nutrient levels in east-central Florida, compared to a wintering site in Louisiana, likely stem from geographic variation and lower thermal requirements associated with the warmer Florida environment. Lesser scaup depart Florida with sufficient reserves to initiate spring migration, but they maximize nutrient reserves used during reproduction elsewhere during migration or on the breeding grounds. These results suggest that maintaining the ecological integrity of this wintering ground is critical in minimizing winter mortality and preventing it from becoming an ancillary factor in current declines. Future research should address understanding survival rates during spring migration and at critical staging areas to provide new insight into the ramifications of scaup leaving wintering habitats such as MINWR with lower body condition than at other wintering sites in other flyways.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1682:LSWFAN]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Herring, G., and Collazo, J., 2006, Lesser scaup winter foraging and nutrient reserve acquisition in east-central Florida: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 6, p. 1682-1689, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1682:LSWFAN]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1682","endPage":"1689","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209787,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1682:LSWFAN]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4659e4b0c8380cd67611","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herring, G.","contributorId":98442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collazo, J.A.","contributorId":35039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collazo","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028311,"text":"70028311 - 2006 - Response of oxidative enzyme activities to nitrogen deposition affects soil concentrations of dissolved organic carbon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028311","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of oxidative enzyme activities to nitrogen deposition affects soil concentrations of dissolved organic carbon","docAbstract":"Recent evidence suggests that atmospheric nitrate (NO3- ) deposition can alter soil carbon (C) storage by directly affecting the activity of lignin-degrading soil fungi. In a laboratory experiment, we studied the direct influence of increasing soil NO 3- concentration on microbial C cycling in three different ecosystems: black oak-white oak (BOWO), sugar maple-red oak (SMRO), and sugar maple-basswood (SMBW). These ecosystems span a broad range of litter biochemistry and recalcitrance; the BOWO ecosystem contains the highest litter lignin content, SMRO had intermediate lignin content, and SMBW leaf litter has the lowest lignin content. We hypothesized that increasing soil solution NO 3- would reduce lignolytic activity in the BOWO ecosystem, due to a high abundance of white-rot fungi and lignin-rich leaf litter. Due to the low lignin content of litter in the SMBW, we further reasoned that the NO3- repression of lignolytic activity would be less dramatic due to a lower relative abundance of white-rot basidiomycetes; the response in the SMRO ecosystem should be intermediate. We increased soil solution NO3- concentrations in a 73-day laboratory incubation and measured microbial respiration and soil solution dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and phenolics concentrations. At the end of the incubation, we measured the activity of ??-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, phenol oxidase, and peroxidase, which are extracellular enzymes involved with cellulose and lignin degradation. We quantified the fungal biomass, and we also used fungal ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) to gain insight into fungal community composition. In the BOWO ecosystem, increasing NO 3- significantly decreased oxidative enzyme activities (-30% to -54%) and increased DOC (+32% upper limit) and phenolic (+77% upper limit) concentrations. In the SMRO ecosystem, we observed a significant decrease in phenol oxidase activity (-73% lower limit) and an increase in soluble phenolic concentrations (+57% upper limit) in response to increasing NO 3- in soil solution, but there was no significant change in DOC concentration. In contrast to these patterns, increasing soil solution NO3- in the SMBW soil resulted in significantly greater phenol oxidase activity (+700% upper limit) and a trend toward lower DOC production (-52% lower limit). Nitrate concentration had no effect on microbial respiration or ??-glucosidase or N-acetyl-glucosaminidase activities. Fungal abundance and basidiomycete diversity tended to be highest in the BOWO soil and lowest in the SMBW, but neither displayed a consistent response to NO 3- additions. Taken together, our results demonstrate that oxidative enzyme production by microbial communities responds directly to NO3- deposition, controlling extracellular enzyme activity and DOC flux. The regulation of oxidative enzymes by different microbial communities in response to NO3- deposition highlights the fact that the composition and function of soil microbial communities directly control ecosystem-level responses to environmental change. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10021-004-0149-0","issn":"14329840","usgsCitation":"Waldrop, M., and Zak, D., 2006, Response of oxidative enzyme activities to nitrogen deposition affects soil concentrations of dissolved organic carbon: Ecosystems, v. 9, no. 6, p. 921-933, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-004-0149-0.","startPage":"921","endPage":"933","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210430,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-004-0149-0"},{"id":237343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa5ee4b0c8380cd862c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waldrop, M. P. 0000-0003-1829-7140","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-7140","contributorId":105104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"M. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zak, D.R.","contributorId":55625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zak","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028546,"text":"70028546 - 2006 - Characterization of microsatellite loci isolated in trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028546","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2775,"text":"Molecular Ecology Notes","onlineIssn":"1471-8286","printIssn":"1471-8278","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of microsatellite loci isolated in trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator)","docAbstract":"Primers for 16 microsatellite loci were developed for the trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator), a species recovering from a recent population bottleneck. In a screen of 158 individuals, the 16 loci were found to have levels of variability ranging from two to seven alleles. No loci were found to be linked, although two loci repeatedly revealed significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Amplification in the closely related tundra swan (Cygnus columbianus) was successful for all except one locus. These microsatellite loci will be applicable for population genetic analyses and ultimately aid in management efforts. ?? 2006 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology Notes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01441.x","issn":"14718278","usgsCitation":"John, J.S., Ransler, F., Quinn, T., and Oyler-McCance, S., 2006, Characterization of microsatellite loci isolated in trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator): Molecular Ecology Notes, v. 6, no. 4, p. 1083-1085, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01441.x.","startPage":"1083","endPage":"1085","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209918,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01441.x"},{"id":236671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4d1e4b0c8380cd4bf3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"John, J. St","contributorId":48376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"St","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ransler, F.A.","contributorId":92034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ransler","given":"F.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quinn, T.W.","contributorId":37285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oyler-McCance, S.J.","contributorId":75877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028757,"text":"70028757 - 2006 - Biogeochemical characterization of an undisturbed highly acidic, metal-rich bryophyte habitat, east-central Alaska, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028757","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":899,"text":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeochemical characterization of an undisturbed highly acidic, metal-rich bryophyte habitat, east-central Alaska, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"We report on the geochemistry of soil and bryophyte-laden sediment and on the biogeochemistry of willows growing in an undisturbed volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit in the Alaska Range ecoregion of east-central Alaska. We also describe an unusual bryophyte assemblage found growing in the acidic metal-rich waters that drain the area. Ferricrete-cemented silty alluvial sediments within seeps and streams are covered with the liverwort Gymnocolea inflata whereas the mosses Polytrichum commune and P. juniperinum inhabit the area adjacent to the water and within the splash zone. Both the liverwort-encrusted sediment and Polytrichum thalli have high concentrations of major and trace metal cations (e.g., Al, As, Cu, Fe, Hg, La, Mn, Pb, and Zn). Soils in the area do not reflect the geochemical signature of the mineral deposit and we postulate they are influenced by the chemistry of eolian sediments derived from outside the deposit area. The willow, Salix pulchra, growing mostly within and adjacent to the larger streams, has much higher concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Fe, La, Pb, and Zn when compared to the same species collected in non-mineralized areas of Alaska. The Cd levels are especially high and are shown to exceed, by an order of magnitude, levels demonstrated to be toxic to ptarmigan in Colorado. Willow, growing in this naturally occurring metal-rich Red Mountain alteration zone, may adversely affect the health of browsing animals. ?? 2006 Regents of the University of Colorado.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1657/1523-0430(2006)38[522:BCOAUH]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15230430","usgsCitation":"Gough, L.P., Eppinger, R., Briggs, P., and Giles, S., 2006, Biogeochemical characterization of an undisturbed highly acidic, metal-rich bryophyte habitat, east-central Alaska, U.S.A.: Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, v. 38, no. 4, p. 522-529, https://doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(2006)38[522:BCOAUH]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"522","endPage":"529","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477492,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1657/1523-0430%282006%2938%5B522%3ABCOAUH%5D2.0.CO%3B2","text":"External Repository"},{"id":236685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209927,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(2006)38[522:BCOAUH]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f150e4b0c8380cd4aba8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gough, L. P.","contributorId":64198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eppinger, R. G.","contributorId":100837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"R. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Briggs, Paul H.","contributorId":107691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Paul H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Giles, S.","contributorId":65275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028289,"text":"70028289 - 2006 - Bald Friar Metabasalt and Kennett Square Amphibolite: Two Iapetan Ocean Floor Basalts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028289","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2897,"text":"Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bald Friar Metabasalt and Kennett Square Amphibolite: Two Iapetan Ocean Floor Basalts","docAbstract":"The Bald Friar Metabasalt (BFM) and Kennett Square Amphibolite (KSA) are basaltic units found in the Piedmont of southeastern Pennsylvania. The BFM is also recognized in northern Maryland. Both are believed to represent fragments of the floor of the Iapetus Ocean, but are not known occur in direct association with one another. The BFM typically occurs as small fragments having typical stratigraphic thicknesses of 2.5 m, and composed of greenish, fine-grained chlorite-epidote-actinolite-albite metabasalt in ophiolite me??lange. One bed of pillow basalt has been found at the type locality, Bald Friar, Cecil County, Maryland. Even though outcrops of BFM are highly discontinuous, they have a remarkable chemical uniformity over a strike length of 143 km and appear to be equivalent to the Caldwell Group 1b metabasalt of the Thetford, Quebec, area. The BFM is typically associated with ultramafic fragments and may be affiliated with the Baltimore Mafic Complex (BMC), from which a baddeleyite date of 442 +/- 7 Ma (Silurian) has been obtained. The BFM is probably a back arc basin basalt (BABB). Pod and schlieren chromite compositions suggest an island arc environment for the BMC itself. The poorly defined, informal \"Conowingo Creek metabasalt\" of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, occurs on the north margin of the BMC and appears to be a fore arc boninite. The BFM and associated ultramafic fragments serve as a field-mappable marker for the structural equivalent of the Baie Verte-Brompton line in southeastern Pennsylvania and northern Maryland. Steatization of the associated ultramafic fragments has produced zones of extremely low competence that facilitated and localized thrusts of presumed Silurian age and later Alleghanian folding. The KSA typically occurs as much larger bodies having lengths of 3 km and composed of dark, medium-grained hornblende-plagioclase-clinopyroxene gneiss. No ultramafic rocks or me??lange have been recognized with the KSA. In Pennsylvania, the KSA appears to be restricted to a single belt on the south side of the Brandywine massifs. The KSA is transitional from N-OFB (Normal-Ocean Floor Basalt, which can be generated in a variety of oceanic spreading center environments) on the east to P=E-OFB (Plume=Enriched Ocean Floor Basalt, also generated in spreading centers) on the west, suggesting an evolving tectonomagmatic environment. It may be affiliated with the Wilmington Complex.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01941453","usgsCitation":"Smith, R., 2006, Bald Friar Metabasalt and Kennett Square Amphibolite: Two Iapetan Ocean Floor Basalts: Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences, v. 28, no. 3, p. 238-253.","startPage":"238","endPage":"253","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efabe4b0c8380cd4a3bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, R.C. II","contributorId":74936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.C.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70028967,"text":"70028967 - 2006 - Prediction of broadband ground-motion time histories: Hybrid low/high-frequency method with correlated random source parameters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-27T14:01:18","indexId":"70028967","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction of broadband ground-motion time histories: Hybrid low/high-frequency method with correlated random source parameters","docAbstract":"<p>We present a new method for calculating broadband time histories of ground motion based on a hybrid low-frequency/high-frequency approach with correlated source parameters. Using a finite-difference method we calculate low- frequency synthetics (&lt; &sim;1 Hz) in a 3D velocity structure. We also compute broadband synthetics in a 1D velocity model using a frequency-wavenumber method. The low frequencies from the 3D calculation are combined with the high frequencies from the 1D calculation by using matched filtering at a crossover frequency of 1 Hz. The source description, common to both the 1D and 3D synthetics, is based on correlated random distributions for the slip amplitude, rupture velocity, and rise time on the fault. This source description allows for the specification of source parameters independent of any <i>a priori</i> inversion results. In our broadband modeling we include correlation between slip amplitude, rupture velocity, and rise time, as suggested by dynamic fault modeling. The method of using correlated random source parameters is flexible and can be easily modified to adjust to our changing understanding of earthquake ruptures. A realistic attenuation model is common to both the 3D and 1D calculations that form the low- and high-frequency components of the broadband synthetics. The value of <i>Q</i> is a function of the local shear-wave velocity. To produce more accurate high-frequency amplitudes and durations, the 1D synthetics are corrected with a randomized, frequency-dependent radiation pattern. The 1D synthetics are further corrected for local site and nonlinear soil effects by using a 1D nonlinear propagation code and generic velocity structure appropriate for the site&rsquo;s National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) site classification. The entire procedure is validated by comparison with the 1994 Northridge, California, strong ground motion data set. The bias and error found here for response spectral acceleration are similar to the best results that have been published by others for the Northridge rupture.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismomological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford","doi":"10.1785/0120060036","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Liu, P., Archuleta, R., and Hartzell, S., 2006, Prediction of broadband ground-motion time histories: Hybrid low/high-frequency method with correlated random source parameters: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 6, p. 2118-2130, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120060036.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2118","endPage":"2130","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209806,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120060036"}],"volume":"96","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81eae4b0c8380cd7b7cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, P.","contributorId":98443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archuleta, R.J.","contributorId":79245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archuleta","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hartzell, S.H.","contributorId":27426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}